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Hortus botanicus Haren-Groningen
It is one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens in the Netherlands. At the Hortus, which covers about 15 acres, there are a large number of very different gardens.
In addition to the various (botanical ) gardens, the Hortus also includes an authentic Chinese Ming garden with an authentic Chinese tea house. This garden, which has a different design than western gardens, is a gift from the city of Shanghai to the City and County of Groningen.
The Hortus was part of the University of Groningen (RUG) and until the 1980s’ played an important role in the teaching and research of Biology especially Plant Systematics. A national division of labor between universities and developments in science led to the minimization of the Hortus’ role within the RUG. Since 2002, the Stichting Behoud Groene Hortus (SBGH) has acted as custodian of the heritage of the RUG. As of 2012, the Hortus stands on its own feet financially.
In 1986, a Groningen trade mission visited several cities in China. While visiting a restaurant near the Long Hua temple in Shanghai, one of the members of the mission said that “they should have something like this in Groningen, too. And so it happened. Master Le Wei Zong, Shanghai’s famous urban garden architect, created the first designs during a visit to the Hortus. Shanghai provided construction materials and the Netherlands provided the necessary funds.
Almost all the material used to build the Chinese garden was shipped from China to the Netherlands, from the stones in the garden and the wood of the pavilions to the furniture of the Moaning of the Dragon Tea House. For seven months, dozens of Chinese workers laid out the park largely by hand, because “What you make by hand, you can put your soul into. The result of this cooperation between the Netherlands and Shanghai is the beautiful Chinese garden The Hidden Kingdom of Ming, which was officially opened by H.M. Queen Beatrix on April 12, 1995.
Leiden, a picturesque city in the Netherlands, is steeped in history and brimming with culture. Known as the 'City of Discoveries', it's home to the oldest university in the country, Leiden University, which has been a center of scientific research and learning for more than four centuries. The city's charming streets are lined with historical buildings, beautiful canals, and lush parks, making it a delightful destination for any traveler. With its rich academic heritage, Leiden has contributed significantly to the world of science and education, and continues to be a vibrant, international community with a unique and inviting atmosphere. Whether you're exploring the Burcht van Leiden, a medieval fort turned public park, or enjoying the tranquility of the Hortus Botanicus, Leiden's botanical garden, there's no shortage of unforgettable experiences to be had in this Dutch gem.
Hortus botanicus Haren-Groningen
It is one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens in the Netherlands. At the Hortus, which covers about 15 acres, there are a large number of very different gardens.
In addition to the various (botanical ) gardens, the Hortus also includes an authentic Chinese Ming garden with an authentic Chinese tea house. This garden, which has a different design than western gardens, is a gift from the city of Shanghai to the City and County of Groningen.
The Hortus was part of the University of Groningen (RUG) and until the 1980s’ played an important role in the teaching and research of Biology especially Plant Systematics. A national division of labor between universities and developments in science led to the minimization of the Hortus’ role within the RUG. Since 2002, the Stichting Behoud Groene Hortus (SBGH) has acted as custodian of the heritage of the RUG. As of 2012, the Hortus stands on its own feet financially.
In 1986, a Groningen trade mission visited several cities in China. While visiting a restaurant near the Long Hua temple in Shanghai, one of the members of the mission said that “they should have something like this in Groningen, too. And so it happened. Master Le Wei Zong, Shanghai’s famous urban garden architect, created the first designs during a visit to the Hortus. Shanghai provided construction materials and the Netherlands provided the necessary funds.
Almost all the material used to build the Chinese garden was shipped from China to the Netherlands, from the stones in the garden and the wood of the pavilions to the furniture of the Moaning of the Dragon Tea House. For seven months, dozens of Chinese workers laid out the park largely by hand, because “What you make by hand, you can put your soul into. The result of this cooperation between the Netherlands and Shanghai is the beautiful Chinese garden The Hidden Kingdom of Ming, which was officially opened by H.M. Queen Beatrix on April 12, 1995.
A 250pc Wentworth jigsaw puzzle of a botanical image by the Swiss botanist, Johann Gessner (1709 - 1770), from the RHS Lindley Library, London.
(Update July 2020: I liked this so much I eventually upgraded to a 500pc -which I haven't done yet - and gifted this to a friend.)
The page shows Pentandria, and I recognise Primulacea (cowslip, auricula), Soldanella, Dodecathon, Cyclamen, Gentiana.
Johannes Gessner (18 March 1709 – 6 May 1790) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, botanicus, mineralogist and physician. Gessner was a follower of Carolus Linnaeus and published works about Swiss flora.
You can see more examples of his botanical plates here:
www.artfinder.com/work/tabulae-phytographicae-johannes-ge...
www.easyart.com/art-print-search/tables.html
Biography:
www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830901632.html
Gessner was the son of Christophe Gessner, pastor of the Reformed Church of Zurich for many years, and Esther Maag, a member of a very distinguished Zurich family. For more than four centuries the Gessner family gave Switzerland theologians, physicians, and, above all, naturalists.
After receiving a substantial education in Zurich, Gessner went to Leiden to study medicine. Among his teachers there was the famous Dutch physician and botanist Hermann Boerhaave. In Leiden, Gessner also met his fellow Swiss, Albrecht von Haller, and the two became friends. Boerhaave and Haller stimulated his interest in botany, which soon became his favorite area of research. Gessner next went to Paris and then to Basel, where he was initiated into higher mathematics by Johann I Bernoulli. He also became friendly with the latter’s son Daniel, who later introduced probability theory into medicine. Gessner earned his medical degree in 1729, and the following year began to practice in his native city. In 1742 he was in Basel, teaching mathematics. He founded the Société de Physique in 1757 in Zurich, where he remained for the rest of his life.
Accomplished in medicine and physics as well as in botany and mathematics, Gessner was undoubtedly one of the last of the great humanists. He maintained an imposing correspondence with most of the scientists of his time, in particular with Linnaeus. One of the first to adopt the latter’s system of classification, he did much to popularize it.
Gessner established his reputation as a naturalist primarily through his writings in systematic botany. His first important work was Dissertationes de partium vegetationis et fructificationis structura (1743). It was soon followed by Dissertationes physicae de vegetabilibus (1747) and the memoir De Ranunculo bellidifloro et plantis degeneribus (1753), in which he skillfully defended Linnaeus’ conceptions. In De petrificatorum variis originibus praecipuarum telluris mutationem testibus (1756) Gessner showed some recognition of the real nature of fossil plants and in this regard can be considered one of the founders of paleobotany. Moreover, he devoted fourteen years (1759–1773) to the publication of an eleven-part treatise that summarized contemporary knowledge of plants, Phytographia sacra generalis et specialis.
Following Haller’s example, Gessner specialized in the study of Alpine flora. From his very numerous excursions in the Alps and the Forealps he brought back many new species that now bear his name. Gessner was an innovator in his botanizing, since he was quite probably the first to describe plant habitats; for example, he provided altimetric data obtained with the aid of a barometer.
Toward the end of his life Gessner concentrated on geological observations. He was interested in the formation of mountain chains on the European continent and estimated the era and duration of their formation with great care. Gessner’s research led him to attack the brief chronologies—based mainly on theological considerations—that were generally accepted at the time. A brilliant advocate of the principle of geochronological extrapolation, his work foreshadowed modern geophysics. Finally, his extremely precise observations of the mineral springs of the Alps were long authoritative.
The recipient of many honors, a member of countless scientific societies, and a correspondent of most of the European academies, Gessner was, in his own lifetime, considered one of the greatest naturalists of the age. Yet, shortly after his death he was somewhat forgotten, and new plants that he had been the first to describe were attributed, often wrongly, to his illustrious ancestor Konrad Gesner. He was also confused with Johann Matthias Gessner, a German pedagogue, humanist, and botanist, whose books were widely distributed. In addition, Gessner’s memoirs on Alpine flora in particular could hardly withstand the inevitable comparison with those of Haller. It is only very recently, notably with the publication in 1949 of Gessner’s correspondence with Linnaeus, that his originality and importance have finally gained recognition.
Botanicus Interacticus is a technology for designing highly expressive interactive plants, both living and artificial. The project is motivated by the rapid fusion of our computing and dwelling spaces, as well as the increasingly tactile and gestural nature of our interactions with digital devices. It is an interaction platform that expands interaction beyond computing devices and appliances to place it anywhere in the physical environment.
Botanicus Interacticus has a number of unique properties that set it apart from previous work on interactive plants:
- This instrumentation of plants is simple, non-invasive, and does not damage the plants. It requires only a single wire placed anywhere in the soil.
- The interaction goes beyond simple touch detection to allow rich gestural interaction with the plant (for example, sliding fingers on the stem of the orchid, detecting touch location, proximity tracking, and estimating the amount of touch contact.
- The gesture recognition is accurate. It applies machine-learning techniques for precise and unambiguous recognition of gestures.
- It deconstructs the electrical properties of plants and replicates them using electrical components. This allows a broad variety of biologically inspired artificial plants that behave nearly exactly the same as their biological counterparts. The same sensing technology is used with both living and artificial plants, making them interchangeable.
A broad range of applications is possible with this technology: designing interactive, responsive environments; developing a new form of living interaction devices; and developing ambient and pervasive interfaces. At SIGGRAPH 2012, the technology's versatility is demonstrated as an entertainment application where visitors can communicate with living and artificial plants by gesturing on them and observing the plants’ “response” in the form of rich computer-generated imagery and sound.
Ivan Poupyrev
Disney Research, Pittsburgh
Philipp Schoessler
Disney Research, Pittsburgh and Universität der Künste Berlin
Jonas Loh
Studio NAND
Gunnar Green
TheGreenEyl
Eric Brockmeyer
Disney Research, Pittsburgh
Willy Sengewald
TheGreenEyl
Munehiko Sato
Disney Research, Pittsburgh and The University of Tokyo
We came today to the Kraków's Botanical Garden looking for the signs of spring... nothing found, though. Maybe next week ;)
Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna
Botanical Garden in September 2007. In the background, the Upper Belvedere .
(pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Botanical Garden, ginkgo Jacquin, April 2005.
Botanical Garden, succulents, outdoor area, April 2005.
The Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna (Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis, HBV) is a botanical garden that was established in 1754 in the 3rd Viennese district Landstraße.
The Botanical Garden is a facility of the Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of Vienna. It is approximately 8 acres and is home to about 9,500 species. The tasks of the Botanical Garden include university research and teaching, the conservation of endangered plant species and seed and plant exchange with other institutions. A large part of the garden, adjacent to the Belvedere gardens is open to the public and serves as a recreational area.
History
The Botanical Garden was founded in 1754 as a "Hortus Medicus" (Medizinalpflanzengarten) on 1 ha. To this end, Maria Theresa - at the suggestion of her personal physician, Gerard van Swieten - had bought at Rennweg a 2-hectare estate. The order for the planning and design got Robert Laugier (1722-1793), who was since 1749 in Vienna. After having taken place the acquisition of the property, Laugier became first garden director (a position he held from 1754 until his retirement in 1768) as well as first chair holder of botany and chemistry, chairs that had been created afresh.
It subsequently evolved into a scientifically oriented botanical garden, the plants were arranged according to the Linnaean system (Linnaean taxonomy). Laugier's successor as director was Nicholas Joseph von Jacquin (Director 1768-1796). At that time the garden was home for about 8,000 species, the area was increased to approximately 7.8 acres. Jacquin's son Joseph Franz von Jacquin became his successor as director (1796-1839).
From 1841 on, the open land following the English garden style according to the system of Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, who was director from 1839 to 1849, was redesigned. It had been layed out an officinal department with 196 beds. 1844 the Botanical Museum was built. Head gardener Joseph Diefenbach continued the redevelopment of the gardens in the sense of Endlicher. Director from 1849 to 1879 was Edward Schimmer. At this time the to European Botanic Gardens new concept of the phytogeographical groups was developed .
From 1883 to 1890, the Jacquingasse was created whereby the garden area was reduced to about 6 ha. 1890-1893 was built by director Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1878-1898) the greenhouse plant with tropical house. 1904/ 05 followed the new construction of the Botanical Institute and laying out of the biological groups.
1930, the Botanical Garden was to the so-called Host'schen garden at the southern end extended (formerly private garden of the Hapsburgs), as a result the garden reached its present size of approximately 8 ha. The adjacent Alpine Garden remained with the Belvedere gardens. Director from 1899-1931 was from Richard Wettstein. At the beginning of the 40s under director Fritz Knoll (1931-1945) the Alpine Garden was recreated in its current area.
Due to bomb damages during the Second World War (more than 40 hits), the demolition of the Botanical Museum and the felling of about 200 trees was necessary. Up to the 1970s under director Lothar Geitler (1945-1969) took place the removal of war damages and the reconstruction of the collections.
1970 the Host'sche garden was opened to visitors. 1975 began the general refurbishment of the institute building (until 1992) and the greenhouses, Director 1970-1995 was Frederick Ehrendorfer. In the 80s, the experimental house were built and created new experimental areas. In 1991, the Association of the Friends of the Botanical Garden was founded.
From 1995 on, the rehabilitation of the greenhouses was continued and the tropical house opend to the public. The Canaries group was built and expanded the group of the Austrian flora. Michael Hesse (1995-1997) was followed by Tod Stuessy (1995-2005) as director, since January 2006, Michael Kiehn is director of the botanical garden.
The garden collections include:
Abies pinsapo
Aesculus pavia
Cephalotaxus harringtonia
Diospyros lotus
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Ephedra
Ficus carica
Ginkgo biloba
Gunnera chilensis
+Laburnocytisus adamii
Liriodendron tulipifera
Magnolia
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Graves of Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin and Joseph Franz von Jacquin on the grounds
Nothofagus antarctica
Ostrya carpinifolia
Parrotia persica
Paulownia tomentosa
Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens
Pinus aristata
Platanus orientalis
Poncirus trifoliata
Prunus tenella
Rhododendron
Salvia
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Syringa
Viburnum
Vitis riparia
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_der_Universit%C3...
Hortus botanicus Haren-Groningen
It is one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens in the Netherlands. At the Hortus, which covers about 15 acres, there are a large number of very different gardens.
In addition to the various (botanical ) gardens, the Hortus also includes an authentic Chinese Ming garden with an authentic Chinese tea house. This garden, which has a different design than western gardens, is a gift from the city of Shanghai to the City and County of Groningen.
The Hortus was part of the University of Groningen (RUG) and until the 1980s’ played an important role in the teaching and research of Biology especially Plant Systematics. A national division of labor between universities and developments in science led to the minimization of the Hortus’ role within the RUG. Since 2002, the Stichting Behoud Groene Hortus (SBGH) has acted as custodian of the heritage of the RUG. As of 2012, the Hortus stands on its own feet financially.
In 1986, a Groningen trade mission visited several cities in China. While visiting a restaurant near the Long Hua temple in Shanghai, one of the members of the mission said that “they should have something like this in Groningen, too. And so it happened. Master Le Wei Zong, Shanghai’s famous urban garden architect, created the first designs during a visit to the Hortus. Shanghai provided construction materials and the Netherlands provided the necessary funds.
Almost all the material used to build the Chinese garden was shipped from China to the Netherlands, from the stones in the garden and the wood of the pavilions to the furniture of the Moaning of the Dragon Tea House. For seven months, dozens of Chinese workers laid out the park largely by hand, because “What you make by hand, you can put your soul into. The result of this cooperation between the Netherlands and Shanghai is the beautiful Chinese garden The Hidden Kingdom of Ming, which was officially opened by H.M. Queen Beatrix on April 12, 1995.