Hortus botanicus Leiden
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Buttercups are as we all know usually yellow. But they also come in other colors. Here's an Asian Butterfly in pretty scarlet. Still bright though wet with the drizzle which seems not to be letting up here this morning.
Joseph Franz Jacquin (1761-1839) in his fine catalogue (and illustrations), 1811-1816, of rare or little known plants gives a very good colored drawing of our plant. There's some discussion about who first scientifically described it. Some say it was intrepid explorer William Bartram (1739-1823) in his famous book on the natural history of the southeastern states of the US and also their native inhabitants (1773-1778). But if you turn to those pages the description doesn't quite fit the plant: its flowers are said to be rose. So naturalist Thomas Walter (1740-1789) would seem to be its author. Jacquin mentions someone else again, famous André Michaux (1746-1802); but he, too, was a Continental; and besides, in those days there was no internet to compare notes. In any case, the shrub hails from the Savannah River.
And it's quite at home as well in the Amsterdam Hortus Botanicus.
Orangene Große Kapuzinerkresse
Tropaeolum majus
In the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna, which is located directly next to the Belvedere
As I walked in that idyllic garden, the Amsterdam Hortus, news beeped up on my phone: a hard lockdown against Covid-19 in The Netherlands until at least January 17. The Hortus locked and out of bounds...
Anyway...
Here's a Winter Heath, Erica herbacea, in full flower. I expect to see it again soon after the 17th next month.
Delightful in the late-winter garden, this wonderful Spring Snowflake. Great as Carolus Linnaeus is, he sometimes makes a small mistake in reference. In his entry for our Flower, he refers to the name under which Paul de Reneaulme (1560-1624) describes it in Greek letters as Oliganthemon (something like single-flowered). He correctly quotes page (98 and) 99 of Reneaulme's Specimen historiae plantarum (1611), and he adds that there's a drawing of it on page 100 (see inset). But that drawing is of another Leucojum, no doubt as pretty as ours but different. Reneaulme labels it as Polyanthemon (many-flowered, as indeed the picture demonstrates).
But who cares when they look upon this beauty in our Hortus!
The Alpinia family - a kind of Ginger also known as the spice Laos - is large and I've posted about it before. I'm not sure how to distinguish the various kinds that often to a layman look very much alike. But Botanical Gardens do a good job of labeling so I suppose this one is correct, too.
The flowers are quite small and a delight to for example Orange Longwings. This particular stalked plant is in the Butterfly House at the Hortus; today, though, no hosting of Butterflies...
Even on a sullen day these orange clusters of flowers brighten the garden. This Chaenomeles japonica was described by Carl Peter Thunberg - yes, he of Japanese fame - in the 1780s as Pyrus japonicus. But later it was renamed to eliminate confusion with other apples and pears. It was first 'imported' to Europe at the very end of the eighteenth century and now graces many gardens all over the world for its brightness. I've not tasted this Quince's fruits 'raw' but the jam made from them is very good.
Many years ago I hiked the same route on the Peloponesse of Greece as Constantine Goulimis (1886-1963) a decade or so earlier, although I went from west to east, from Areopolis to Gytheio. Quite probably I saw this beautiful crocus near Vachos... but with too little knowledge I had no idea it was 'special'.
Our crocus was named for Dr Goulimis by William Bertram Turrill (1890-1961) in 1955. Here it is in full Autumn flower in the Hortus Botanicus of Amsterdam.
Monkshood is one of the deadliest plants - at least to human beings - you'll find in your garden. Indeed, ancient Romans used it as a plant for executions.
All parts of the plant are highly toxic even the pollen. And it has been claimed that people have been poisioned by Monkshood honey that contains the plant's pollen (as reported by H.S. Puri in 1974 citing Motoyoshi Satake 1969). And around 1900 in Germany the honey itself was thought to be toxic to humans.
But fear not this little scene. Our insect is not a Bee collecting nectar for our honey. It's a Marmalade Hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus, eating pollen. The proteins will be extracted from it by nectar and enzymes in Hoverfly's stomach. That will provide energy for reproduction and also for further foraging which is sure to pollinate plants for multiplication and the further Purple Glory of a garden.
In his The Herball (1597) John Gerard (1545-1612) is one of the first to give an elaborate description of our Cyclamen. After a longish piece on the merits and uses of its various parts he becomes personally solicitous about the way he has planted his garden:
'It is not good for women with childe to touch or take this herbe, or to come neere unto it, or stride over the same where it groweth, for the naturall attractive vertue therein contained is such, that without controversie they that attempt it in manner abovesaid, shall be delivered before their time: which danger and inconvenience to avoide, I have (about the place where it groweth in my garden) fastened sticks in the ground, and some other stickes I have fastned also crosswaies over them, least any woman should by lamentable experiment finde my words to be true, by their stepping over the same'.
Already at the beginning of the seventeenth century, Thomas Johnson, 'Citizen and Apothecarye' of London, in his 1633 edition begged to differ with Gerard, writing that the latter had no proof for his assertion that Cyclamen is an abortifacient when women 'stride' over it: 'I iudge our Author too womanish in this, led more by vain opinion than by any reason or experience'.
Charles Plumier (1646-1703), indefatigable botanist and explorer of the West Indies, in 1703 named our Flower generically for another great and wide-ranging botanist, Jean Ruel (1474-1537), well-known translator of Dioscorides, Materia medica.
Ruellia rosea was described in the second half of the nineteenth century by a variety of botanists under several names. This is the one that stuck, although I'm not sure exactly of the exact meaning of the name by which it goes in the tropical glass house of our fine Hortus: 'Ruellia rosea Mart. & Nees'.
This is not the golden brightness most people associate with Tulipa clusiana, which is more a combination of white and pink or red. In 1923 our plant was found by a flower collecting expedition in the very north of India, the union state of Jammu and Kashmir. It was first called only Mountain Tulip and then regarded a hybrid or even a cultivar of Tulipa clusiana. Cell analysis made clear, however, that Chrysantha is a special, natural variety of Clusiana.
And a Golden Beauty at that! In his great description of Tulips of 1803 Pierre-Joseph Redouté writes of Clusiana: 'Cette plante mérite ... d'être cultivée dans les jardins d'ornement.' I would hazard the same is even more true of Chysantha!
The umbels of Alexanders are composed of numerous pretty, small green flowers with nice white-tipped stamens. They draw lots of foraging insects, notably Hoverflies, and Ants like to collect their sweets.
Here's a Garden Ant, Lasius niger, eating its fill.
Olymp had to maneuver a bit to give you an idea of our plant's name: Slipperwort or Calceolaria. If you look carefully you can see the slipper's opening on the right. It's a nice, very yellow flower and sparkles in the Autumn sunlight.
Calceolaria is not from these parts but it hails from South America. From 1777-1788 a scientific fact-finding mission - the Expedición Bótanica al Virreinato de Perú- was funded by enlightend king Charles III of Spain (1716-1788). It was headed by Hipólito Ruiz López (1754-1816) and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez (1754-1840) assisted by their French colleague, Joseph Dombey (1742-1794). If you look at those dates: be astonished how young Ruiz and Pavón were when they embarked on a voyage to the other ends of the world from European Spain!
Many specimens of plants were collected. Among them this Slipperwort which was found in Panao, Huánuco in central Peru; in their description (1798) our botanists say 'in the woods of Panatahuas'.
For this time of the year in Amsterdam it's very cold, and it feels like Spring is too slow in bringing Warm Sun. Even these flowers this morning were very blue! But they waved prettily in the brisk wind...
Compared to the glum summer's day in Amsterdam, the Greenhouse in our Hortus was bright and comforting.
Here's Achira, Canna indica. It hails from South America, and was attested by one of the conquistadores of Peru, Diego Palomino (ca.1506-?) in 1549. He'd seen it in the Cuquimayo Valley (Cusco) and describes it under the Quecha name Achira as one of four root crops of that area (the others are sweet potato, cassava, and racacha). Our plant was first scientifically described (1609) by the Jesuit father, Benabé Cobo (1582-1657). Soon botanists in Europe such as Bauhin, Parkinson, Clusius, and others were writing about it. Parkinson (1629) called it 'The Indian flowring Reede'. And given its colors, that's appropriate.
Together with Johan Huydecoper (1625-1704), a famous mayor of Amsterdam, Jan Commelin (1629-1692) founded the Hortus Botanicus at its present location in 1682. Commelin, the botanist of the two, wrote a catalogue of its plants, the first volume of which was printed in 1697.
In it he describes our African Milkwort as a year-round plant. He says it came to the garden from the Cape of Good Hope through the good offices of Huydecoper. Just as a drawing was being made of it, the plant met with accident. Commelin writes that it could still be drawn but that it died before he could examine its seeds. So the plant in the photo is not descended from Commelin's plant...
In the glum morning I was admiring Eucomis pole-evansii, the Great Pineapple Lily. The 'pole-evansii' is for Welshman Illtyd Buller Pole Evans (1879-1968), appointed to mycology and plant pathology at the Transvaal (South Africa) Department of Agriculture in 1918.
So there I was looking at those pallid fowers. A bit of sunlight and a few Bees were out collecting pollen.
As I watched I startled the Honeybee in the main photo. She lost her bearings and got caught up in a finely constructed spiderweb. In a blinking of my eyes she was already being tightly wrapped and readied for lunch by Spider. Amazingly quickly. About halfway on the right of her enwebbed body you can still make out some of that yellow pollen.
My mother of dear memory once told me that she was seasick for a week on the North Atlantic and that she - who had a great penchant for colors in her flower beds - saw various dark shades of lilac and purple most of the time in her delirium. She'd have been amused by the story of Elias Erici Tillandz for whom this wonderful excentric plant was named. Tillandz (1640-1693) from Finland, as a student traveled from Turku to Stockholm to further his studies. On the way there he is said to have been so dreadfully seasick that he never ventured aboard a ship again. To return home he walked the 1000 kms around the Bothnian Gulf.
Great Carolus Linnaeus, always in for a good story, decided to name a Bromeliad family for Tillandz because the roots of these plants are so shallow that they never need to experience deep water. Of course they live mostly in the jungle and collect water in a variety of other ways.
Olymp decided to be bright in the dimness of the Hortus glasshouse in the autumnal gales. So the photo is a bit more colorful than I'd have wanted. But Olymp doesn't easily take 'no' for an answer...
In other words I do not know the name of this flower I photographed at the Open Garden, "The Wright Place" in Kambah, Canberra, ACT. An overcast and very windy day so I was pleased to get this image without using a tripod. An amazing garden with a series of garden rooms avoiding straight lines where possible.
I now believe this flower is an Osteospermum.
"Painter's Sorrow" is in fact a translation of one of the Dutch names for this very pretty little flower: Schildersverdriet. Apparently painters thought it very hard to picture properly. I can sympathise: it's really hard to get a good focus on this flower. My DOF can get no where near an acceptable photo much as I have tried. Perhaps later some time...
I'd been watching this small Mining Bee for half an hour or so collecting and packing that bright orange pollen. Then she lit on a stem behind a flower head. Sat there for awhile, maybe contemplating how to get to the stamens. Without trying she then flew off to wherever her nest is. And I went home for my own protein!
In 1815 John Reeves (1774-1856), chief tea inspector of the British East Indies Company at Canton (now Guangzhou), China, and an ardent naturalist, procured from his merchant friend 'Quun-swe-quon, or something like it', now known as Conseequa or Consequa, one of the latter's delightful vines. Two exemplars were sent to England arriving there in May 1816.
The plant was soon named, first as a Glycine and then Wisteria. A variety of specifics was devised...
But to the chagrin of The Gardener's Magazine (II (1826), 422 and XI (1835), 111) Conseequa was not honored with Wisteria's specific. Both articles are fascinating and tragic reading not least because they make clear how unscrupulous American and English businessmen between themselves financially destroyed our Gardening Merchant Hero.
One way to distinguish 'our' Wisteria from the Japanese kind is that its vine winds anti-clockwise and the Japanese one clockwise. The Hortus Botanicus here is lucky to have both kinds.
In the Autumn Garden, Red Bistort is still drawing insects: some Hoverflies, Wasps, a few Honeybees, some Ladybirds, and a small company of various Flies, mostly tiny.
Here's a small orange-yellow Lauxaniid Fly. The name was coined by 'the father of modern entomology', Pierre André Latreille (1762-1833) in 1804. But there's a problem with it. Nobody seem to know whence that name. It is said Latreille derived it from a so-called Greek word - λαύξω. The formidable Nomenclator zoologicus (1842-1846) by Louis Agassiz and modernised (2013-2014) by Elio Corte notes that that Greek word is 'untraceable', a 'parola introvabile'. Its Latin synonym is 'epulor', to feast well or to dine sumptuously. Perhaps that's what our Fly is just about to do.
Europe, Netherlands, Zuid Holland, Lieden, Rapenburg, Hortus Botanicus. Hothouse, Tropical plants
'De Hortus' is the oldest botanical garden of the Neherlands-- foudend in 1590 by Carolus Clusius. Website: here.
It's been a while since i posted Hortus pics, the last time was some 13 years ago: here, here and here.
German plant collector Johann Frantz Drège (1794-1881) (see my www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/34721393640/in/photoli...) found the forebears of this pretty Nemesia versicolor during the Summer of 1830 in three places in South Africa: notably in the west between Lange Vlei and Heerenlogement and in the east near Silver Fontein not far from the uMzinyathi River (Buffalo River) running down from the Drakensberg, part of South Africa's Great Escarpment relatively near Lesotho. In the scientific literature there's confusion about the exact coordinates of these places. Drège's extant herbarium exemplars (Missouri; both from Lange Vlei [see internet photos]) were identified by Adèle Lewis Grant (1881-1969) as Nemesia versicolor Benth. in 1930 but the coordinates ([28°34'22"S][023°49'34"E] are for a place west of Kimberley and neither for Lange Vlei nor for Silver Fontein.
Drège was an intrepid and exacting collector, and he noted down carefully where he found his plants. His notes were later edited by his friend Meyer in 1843 and our Nemesia was scientifically described in 1836 by George Bentham.
Drège returning to Germany in 1834 married and, remarkably, renounced his adventurous life. He became the director of a nursery business. These pretty flowers in the Hortus Botanicus of Amsterdam derive, I am pretty sure (the inset 'red' is, I think, not a 'naturally' occurring form), not from those South African climes but they're the cultivar products of a Dutch nursery. I'll have to ask my friends at the Hortus from which one.
On a trellis of the wind-free wall of the Palm House of the Hortus in the early spring Sun this Blood Pear is about to burst into its pretty blossom. It hails from the mid-Apennines in Italy; the 'cocomerina' is for watermelon. Though the pear has greenish skin, its flesh is pink; hence its English name: 'Blood Pear'.
in 2019 Anthony Hitchcock (1960-2020) published a wonderfully exciting overview of the 're-establishment' of this Erica, discovered in the Cape, South Africa, in 1767 but extinct in the wild from 1908 (Science and Actions for Species Protection: Noah’s Arks for the 21st Century. Proceedings of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences’ Proceedings of the Workshop of 13-14 May 2019, Chapter 46, eds. Jurgen von Braun, Thomas Kauffels, Peter Raven, Johannes Vogel and Marchello Sánchez Sorondo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana). There's now a shrub of it in the entirely renovated Glass House of the Hortus Botanicus of Amsterdam.
The photo shows a Garden Bumblebee 'stealing' nectar from one of Heath's pretty tubular flowers. Its tongue isn't long enough to access that sweetness through the tube. So it gnaws a tiny hole at the base of the flower that allows it to suck up nectar. I've earlier posted a similar phenomenon but on Aquilegia: www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/47944011838/in/photoli.... Take a look at our Bee's proboscis.
No doubt our Mint Moth of Burnished Gold, Pyrausta aurata, is not confused at all about this Horse Mint, Mentha longifolia. But I was. In Dutch this plant is called 'Hertsmunt' (Hart's - Deer - Mint), and I was curious why the English should be 'Horse Mint', horses and deer being quite different animals...
So I did a bit of digging in older botanical literature and manuals. The upshot of it all is the following (to make a much longer story short): Mentha longifolia was known in Dutch and German and English as Horse or Herts/Hirsch (= Hart/Deer) Mint with assorted other names as well. But this plant should not be confused with another Mint - Mentha cardiaca - which in German is called 'Hertz' (Heart)-Kraut, and for some sixteenth- and seventeenth century Dutch botanists also goes by the name of 'Hertsmunt', this time derived not from the German 'Hirsch' for deer but from 'Hertz' for heart.
Whatever...
But isn't Mint Moth just wonderful! And if Green Eyes are the hallmark of great and unique beauty...
seen at Hortus Botanicus, Amsterdam;
verbreitet von Südafrika bis nach Ostafrika, Lebensraum: stille, langsam fließende Gewässer
Often photos of Cape Myrtle show the pretty, crepe flowers (e.g. my www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/32033583714/in/photoli...). But today's fine view of its Autumn Foliage in the Hortus Botanicus is worth a view! Enjoy.
In 1837 The Botanical Magazine writes that their pretty colored drawing of our Plant was made by William Henry Harvey (1811-1866). Harvey was an Irish botanist who worked in South Africa 1835-1837 and revisited there 1853-1858. He's the co-author of the first volumes of the important Flora Capensis (1859-1933). The drawing was made from a Tulbaghia flowering in 'the Ludwigsburg garden, at the Cape of Good Hope'. What that garden is called today and where it is, I don't know.
The same entry also says that the 'roots' derived from the Government Gardens (=Company Gardens, I think), where the plant had been presented from an unknown venue a few years previously to Lady Frances Cole (1784-1847). She was the wife of the rather unfortunate governor (1828-1833) of the Cape, Galbraith Lowry Cole (1772-1842). Presumably she'd received this Tulbaghia when he was still in office, so before 1833.
This photo was taken in the Hortus Botanicus of Amsterdam, a repository for plants from South Africa. The violet color is not as common in Tulbaghia as the usual yellow, and I didn't smell garlic... I've written elsewhere on great Linnaeus's derivation of the name
(www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/35164401114/in/photoli...).
The name 'Osmia' is derived from an ancient Greek word for smell or odor. These solitary Bees mark the opening of their nest with a scent, said to be of a lemony kind. Here 's one on a Rockfoil flower.
As you enter the Tropical Glass House of the Hortus Botanicus in Amsterdam, you will see a staircase on the right and in the cramped space next to it and the main entrance there's a marvellous little terrarium. It holds small tropical plants, orchids and the like, and some Beautiful Poison Dart Frogs, Epipedobates antonyi. I've always wanted to take a closer look, but the glass doors are wisely locked. But today I was in luck because I met the very knowledgable caretaker, Walter den Hollander, who was replanting and generally reworking it. So I got to photograph this beautiful tiny Orchid, only a few centimetres big. Pretty as it is, I'm a bit sceptical as to the label "Pleurothallis prolifera". I've posted Pleurothallis before (www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/16166600306/in/photoli...). In any case, I doubt the 'prolifera'. Anyone out there to enlighten me?
The Handsome Little Frog is Epipedobates anthonyi, Anthony's Poison Dart Frog. It lives just under the pretty Orchid, and the caretaker has buried a small glass container in which he rears fruitflies for Anthony's diet. The name of our Froglet is still in a bit of a flux. Until recently - a decade or so ago - it was called Epipedobates tricolor, but now it's been subsumed under 'anthonyi'. Not long ago, I posted a photo of its cousin in the Artis Zoo: www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/16842747509/in/photoli...
The designation 'anthonyi' is for the American mammalogist Harold Elmer Anthony (1990-1970). There's a lot to tell about this wide-ranging and remarkable, but especially gullible man. Maybe some other time!
PS The Hortus authorities might do well to expand that little terrarium...
Lots of Butterflies aflutter in their Glass House at the Hortus Botanicus today. All was bright even though the Sun was very low above the trees. Here are two Heliconians enjoying the sweetness of Wedelia trilobata, Creeping Ox-eye. Just look at their angling tongues.
The Orange Longwing is Dryas iulia (see my earlier: www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/5455277749/in/photolis...): our Zebra is Heliconius charithonia (see www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/8475853103/in/photolis...)
SN/NC: Dahlia, Syn. Dahlia Pinnata, Asteraceae Family
Dahlia (UK: /deɪliə/ or US: /dɑːliə/) is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico. A member of the Asteraceae, dicotyledonous plants, related species include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 42 species of dahlia, with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants. Flower forms are variable, with one head per stem; these can be as small as 5 cm (2 in) diameter or up to 30 cm (1 ft) ("dinner plate"). This great variety results from dahlias being octoploids—that is, they have eight sets of homologous chromosomes, whereas most plants have only two. In addition, dahlias also contain many transposons—genetic pieces that move from place to place upon an allele—which contributes to their manifesting such great diversity.
Otros nombres de la dahlia, xicamiti,
flor de camote. Proviene de las regiones de Cuernavaca y Tepoztlán, en México. Se conocen más de 2 mil variedades diferentes de esta planta. Crece en forma de mata y puede medir desde unos pocos centímetros hasta más de un metro de altura, según la variedad.Dahlia (Reino Unido: /Deɪliə /o us: /dːliə /) es un género de plantas perennes arbustivas, tuberosas y herbáceas nativas de México. Un miembro de las Asteraceae, plantas dicotiledóneas, especies relacionadas incluyen el girasol, la margarita, el crisantemo y la zinnia. Hay 42 especies de Dahlia, con híbridos comúnmente cultivados como plantas de jardín. Las formas de flores son variables, con una cabeza por tallo; Estos pueden ser tan pequeños como 5 cm (2 pulgadas) de diámetro o hasta 30 cm (1 pie) ("plato de cena"). Esta gran variedad resulta de que las dahlias son octoploides, es decir, tienen ocho conjuntos de cromosomas homólogos, mientras que la mayoría de las plantas tienen solo dos. Además, las dahlias también contienen muchos transposones, piezas genéticas que se mueven de un lugar a otro sobre un alelo, que contribuye a su manifestación de tanta diversidad. Anders Dahl, botánico sueco, fue quien introdujo la flor en los países nórdicos y, como homenaje, la flor recibió su nombre. Los holandeses contribuyeron a la expansión de esta flor en Brasil.
Dahlia, nome comum dália, é um género botânico pertencente à família Asteraceae. É uma herbácea de porte médio, perene. Quando adulta, a planta chega a atingir até 1,50 metro. É originária do México, onde é muito popular. Os índios daquela região foram os primeiros a cultivar dálias, ainda no período do império Asteca. Por volta do final do século XVIII, o diretor do Jardim Botânico de Madrid encantou-se com a flor, durante uma visita ao México. Foi o suficiente para que a dália atravessasse o oceano e chegasse à Europa, onde se adaptou ao clima temperado. Foi o botânico sueco Anders Dahl, responsável pela expansão das dálias pela região nórdica da Europa, que inspirou o nome da flor. Os holandeses e os franceses foram os maiores incentivadores do cultivo e da produção de inúmeras espécies híbridas de dálias. Os imigrantes holandeses contribuíram para a propagação desta flor no Brasil. Hoje, entre naturais e híbridas, existem mais de 3 000 variedades, com uma diversificação de formas, cores tamanhos e adaptações a diferentes condições.
Dahlia, nom commun Dahlia, est un genre de plantes fleurissantes de la famille des marguerites. C'est une herbacée de taille moyenne, vivace. En tant qu'adulte, l'usine atteint jusqu'à 1,50 Metro. Il est originaire du Mexique, où il est très populaire. Les Indiens dans cette région ont été les premiers à cultiver Dahlia, encore dans la période de l'Empire aztèque. Vers la fin du XVIIIe siècle, le directeur des jardins botaniques de Madrid a été enchanté par la fleur, lors d'une visite au Mexique. Il suffisait que le dahlia traverse l'océan et atteigne l'Europe, où il s'adapte au climat tempéré.
C'est le botaniste suédois Anders Dahl, responsable de l'expansion des dahlias par la région nordique de l'Europe, qui a inspiré le nom de la fleur.
Dahlia (uk: /deɪliə /of us: /dːliə /) is een geslacht van bossige, knol, kruidachtige meerjarige planten afkomstig uit Mexico. Een lid van de Asteraceae, Dicotyledonous planten, gerelateerde soorten omvatten de zonnebloem, Daisy, Chrysanthemum en Zinnia. Er zijn 42 soorten dahlia, met hybriden die gewoonlijk worden gekweekt als tuinplanten. Bloemvormen zijn variabel, met één kop per stengel; Deze kunnen zo klein zijn als een diameter van 5 cm (2 inch) of tot 30 cm (1 ft) ("bord"). Deze grote variëteit resulteert van dahlia's zijn octoploïden - dat wil zeggen dat ze acht sets homologe chromosomen hebben, terwijl de meeste planten er slechts twee hebben. Bovendien bevatten Dahlias ook veel transposons - generale stukken die van plaats naar plaats op een allel gaan - wat bijdraagt aan hun manifestatie van zo'n grote diversiteit. Anders Dahl, de Zweedse botanicus, was degene die de bloem introduceerde in de Alnend landen en als eerbetoon kreeg de bloem zijn naam. De Nederlanders hebben bijgedragen aan de uitbreiding van deze bloem in Brazilië.
Dahlia (Regno Unito: /deɪliə /o us: /dːliə /) è un genere di piante perenni folli, tuberose, erbacee originarie del Messico. Un membro delle Asteraceae, piante dicotyledoni, specie correlate includono il girasole, la margherita, il crisantemo e la zinnia. Esistono 42 specie di dahlia, con ibridi comunemente coltivati come piante da giardino. Le forme di fiori sono variabili, con una testa per stelo; Questi possono essere piccoli come 5 cm (2 pollici) di diametro o fino a 30 cm (1 piedi) ("piatto per la cena"). Questa grande varietà deriva da Dahlias che sono poltoploidi, cioè hanno otto serie di cromosomi omologhi, mentre la maggior parte delle piante ne ha solo due. Inoltre, le dahlia contengono anche molti trasposoni - pezzi generatici che si spostano da un luogo all'altro su un allele - che contribuiscono alla loro manifestazione di tale grande diversità. Anders Dahl, botanico svedese, è stato colui che ha introdotto il fiore nei paesi nordici e come omaggio il fiore ha ottenuto il suo nome. Gli olandesi hanno contribuito all'espansione di questo fiore in Brasile.
Dahlia (UK: /DEɪliə /oder USA: /dːliə /) ist eine Gattung von buschigen, knallberechtigen, krautigen Staudenpflanzen, die in Mexiko beheimatet sind. Ein Mitglied der Asteraceae, dicotyledonous -Pflanzen, verwandte Arten umfassen Sonnenblumen, Daisy, Chrysanthemen und Zinnia. Es gibt 42 Arten von Dahlia, wobei Hybriden üblicherweise als Gartenpflanzen angebaut werden. Blütenformen sind variabel, mit einem Kopf pro Stamm; Diese können nur einen Durchmesser von 5 cm oder bis zu 30 cm ("Teller") sein. Diese große Vielfalt resultiert aus Dahlien, die Oktoploide sind - das heißt, sie haben acht Sätze homologer Chromosomen, während die meisten Pflanzen nur zwei haben. Darüber hinaus enthält Dahlien auch viele Transposons - genetische Stücke, die sich von Ort zu Ort auf ein Allel bewegen, was zu ihrer Manifestierung einer so großen Vielfalt beiträgt. Anders Dahl, der schwedische Botaniker, war derjenige, der die Blume in die nordischen Länder vorstellte, und als Hommage bekam die Blume seinen Namen. Die Niederländer trugen zur Ausweitung dieser Blume in Brasilien bei.
Dahlia（英国： /deɪliə /またはus： /dgrliə /）は、メキシコに自生したふさふさした、塊状の草本多年生植物の属です。 キク科のメンバーである双子葉植物、関連種には、ヒマワリ、デイジー、菊、Zinniaが含まれます。 42種のダリアがあり、ハイブリッドは一般的に庭の植物として栽培されています。 花の形は可変であり、茎ごとに1つの頭があります。 これらは、直径5 cm（2インチ）または最大30 cm（1フィート）（「ディナープレート」）までです。 この非常に多様性は、ダリアが卵巣であることに起因します。つまり、8セットの相同染色体がありますが、ほとんどの植物は2つしかありません。 さらに、Dahliasには、対立遺伝子の上に場所から場所へと移動するジェネティックな多くのトランスポゾンも含まれています。 スウェーデンの植物学者のアンダース・ダールは、北欧諸国に花を紹介し、オマージュとして花は彼の名前を得た人でした。 オランダはブラジルでのこの花の拡大に貢献しました。
Dahlia (المملكة المتحدة: /deɪliə /أو الولايات المتحدة: /dːliə /) هي جنس من النباتات الدائمة الكثبانية ، العشبية الأصلية للمكسيك. عضو في Asteraceae ، والنباتات dicotyledonous ، والأنواع ذات الصلة تشمل عباد الشمس ، و Daisy ، و chrysanthemum ، و Zinnia. هناك 42 نوعًا من داليا ، مع الهجينة التي تزرع عادةً كنباتات حديقة. أشكال الزهور متغيرة ، برأس واحد لكل ساق. يمكن أن تكون هذه القطر صغير مثل 5 سم (2 بوصة) أو ما يصل إلى 30 سم (1 قدم) ("لوحة عشاء"). ينتج هذا التنوع الكبير عن دالياس هو الأخطبوط - أي أن لديهم ثماني مجموعات من الكروموسومات المتماثلة ، في حين أن معظم النباتات لديها اثنتين فقط. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يحتوي Dahlias أيضًا على العديد من عمليات النقل - القطع الجينية التي تنتقل من مكان إلى آخر على أليل - والتي تساهم في إظهار هذا التنوع الكبير. كان أندرس دال ، عالم النبات السويدي ، هو الشخص الذي قدم الزهرة إلى بلدان الشمال الأوروبي وكمحية حصلت الزهرة على اسمه. ساهم الهولنديون في توسع هذه الزهرة في البرازيل.
The other day was pleasantly sunny and as I ambled in the early-Spring Hortus Botanicus I came upon this Foxy-Red Tawny Mining Bee just basking in the Sun. Basking done, she'd no doubt go after the honey and nectar of the tiny aromatic flowers (see the inset) of her very own Sweet Box, Sarcococca hookeriana. Other Bees and Bumblebees seemed to be more attracted to Corydalis, so Sarcococca's delights were Fulva's very own to enjoy!
I looked for her burrow in the sandy ground nearbij but couldn't find anything. Next time I'll look more carefully.
What happened between 1665 and 1682 with the plants of the original botanical garden of Amsterdam - a medicinal herb garden especially - I don't know. Fact is that the first prefect of that garden was Johannes Snippendaal (1616-1670). On his appointment he lost no time in making a catalogue of his plants which was published in 1646. In his listing he includes an Apocynum americanum which is today Linnaeus's Asclepias incarnata, a Rose Milkwood which grows in North America. Snippendaal was relieved of his duties in 1656 and the garden was dismantled in 1665; a new one was founded in today's location in the Plantage (1682).
Whether the Milkwood that I photographed this morning in that Garden derives somehow from Snippendaal's original collection... who's to say? The signage suggests as much, but I don't know on what grounds.