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When the Surma shepherds leave their village, they paint their bodies like for a camouflage;
Like their neighbours, the Surma, living in Omo valley, Ethiopia, paint their bodies; They create a variety of designs on their naked bodies using their fingertips, which helps exposing their dark skins and aims at beautifying themselves and frightenning their opponents; Surma men, generally believed to be expert artists, also paint the girls;
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Itâs quite common to see men and women carrying Kalashnikovs, which are part of the daily life; Their land has always been a place of traditional rivalries amoung neighbouring tribes such as the Bume (Nyangatom) or the Toposa from Sudan who regularly team up to raid on their cattle; These fights have become quite bloody since automatic firearms have become available during in the Sudanese Civil War;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopiaâs official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;
The land of the Suri, in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia, is being stolen by the Ethiopian government to be rented to foreign companies; They are then rented out for 1 euro per hectare and per year;
© Eric Lafforgue
Bodi tribe woman with impressive scarifications on the arm, Omo valley, Hana mursi, Ethiopia , Camera: ILCE-7RM2 , f3.2 , 1/1000 , 85.0 mm , ISO 125 , © Eric Lafforgue www.ericlafforgue.com
Dassanech man with scarifications on the chest that shows he killed a man, Omo valley, Omorate, Ethiopia , Camera: ILCE-7RM2 , f4.5 , 1/400 , 70.0 mm , ISO 50 , © Eric Lafforgue www.ericlafforgue.com
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopiaâs official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people
© Eric Lafforgue
The Bodi (or Meen) tribe lives close to the Omo River in southern Ethiopia (Omo Valley) and has the Mursi tribe as south neighbor and Konso at north; It is a pastoral and agricultural tribe, thus livestock plays a large role in the tribe; Along the banks of the river, they cultivate sorghum, maize and coffee;
For their new year in June, called Kael, Bodi men consume large amounts of blood and milk to become overweight; This tradition measures the body fat of a contestant; Each family or clan is allowed to present an unmarried contestant; The winner of this contest is awarded great fame by the tribe; The women in the tribe wear goatskin skirts and have a plug inserted into their chin; Most of them are now Christians;
In Hana Mursi, the main town of the Bodis, the government plans to settle 300 000 people from all over Ethiopia over the next few years; Along with the workers and soldiers, AIDS and Hepatitis B are coming too; The Bodi tribespeople do not want to give up their traditions and their land to allow the new sugar cane plantations irrigated by the water of Gibe 3 dam, and live in the settlements planned by the government; If the Konso tribe attempts to set foot on their land with the support of the government, clashes will erupt as the Bodi elders predict;
© Eric Lafforgue
For their new year in June, called Kael, Bodi men consume large amounts of blood and milk to become overweight;Â This tradition measures the body fat of a contestant; Each family or clan is allowed to present an unmarried contestant;Â The winner of this contest is awarded great fame by the tribe;Â The women in the tribe wear goatskin skirts and have a plug inserted into their chin; Most of them are now Christians;
The Bodi (or Meen) tribe lives close to the Omo River in southern Ethiopia (Omo Valley) and has the Mursi tribe as south neighbor and Konso at north; It is a pastoral and agricultural tribe, thus livestock plays a large role in the tribe; Along the banks of the river, they cultivate sorghum, maize and coffee;
In Hana Mursi, the main town of the Bodis, the government plans to settle 300 000 people from all over Ethiopia over the next few years; Along with the workers and soldiers, AIDS and Hepatitis B are coming too; The Bodi tribespeople do not want to give up their traditions and their land to allow the new sugar cane plantations irrigated by the water of Gibe 3 dam, and live in the settlements planned by the government; If the Konso tribe attempts to set foot on their land with the support of the government, clashes will erupt as the Bodi elders predict;
© Eric Lafforgue
The society of the Hamar tribe of the Omo Valley (Ethiopia) consists in a complex system of age groups with complicated rituals to pass from one to the other; The bull-jumping is the final test before passing into adulthood and getting married;
Before the jump, the women of the jumperâs family are whipped to blood to prove their courage and accompany him during the test;
The whipper running the bull jumping is called maze; Mazes are single men who have already performed bull jumping; They are hired to whip the women during the ceremony and earn goats and money as a salary; Mazes survive on payments received for these ceremonies; They only feed themselves with milk, honey and meat; Once they get married, they get a dowry and some land if they are lucky; The Mazes take part to the eldersâ meeting before the ceremony;
The cow jumping or bull leaping consists in walking naked over bulls without falling; Once this is done, the boy becomes a man and is able to get married; Any boy who fails will be publicly humiliated, whipped by his female relatives and teased, insulted and beaten by both men and women for the rest of his life;
© Eric Lafforgue
The society of the Hamar tribe of the Omo Valley (Ethiopia) consists in a complex system of age groups with complicated rituals to pass from one to the other; The bull-jumping is the final test before passing into adulthood and getting married;
Before the jump, the women of the jumperâs family are whipped to blood to prove their courage and accompany him during the test;
The whipper running the bull jumping is called maze; Mazes are single men who have already performed bull jumping; They are hired to whip the women during the ceremony and earn goats and money as a salary; Mazes survive on payments received for these ceremonies; They only feed themselves with milk, honey and meat; Once they get married, they get a dowry and some land if they are lucky; The Mazes take part to the eldersâ meeting before the ceremony;
The cow jumping or bull leaping consists in walking naked over bulls without falling; Once this is done, the boy becomes a man and is able to get married; Any boy who fails will be publicly humiliated, whipped by his female relatives and teased, insulted and beaten by both men and women for the rest of his life;
© Eric Lafforgue
Bana people (also spelled Banna or Benna) are an indigenous tribe of 50 000 people, of the lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia; Their neighbors are the Hamer tribe;Â They are really similar to them and are for that reason often called Hammer-Bena;
The Banna People are a friendly people and they look fantastic; women wear many decorations and men wear the clay or braided hair style they get when they honour the slain of an enemy or of a wild animal; They live mostly of agriculture in upland areas to the east of the Omo Valley, adjacent to the area of Ari and Tsemai; You can meet them in the markets of Key Afer where they trade;
Just like most of the tribes the Bena practice ritual dancing and singing;Â The men often have their hair dressed up with a colorful clay cap that is decorated with feathers;Â Women of the tribe wear beads in their hair held together with butter;
The bull-jumping is the most significant ceremony in the social life of the Bana, the final test before passing into adulthood and in order to get married;
© Eric Lafforgue
Surma or suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west ethiopia, in omo valley on the western bank of the omo river, in kibish and tulgit areas;
only few surma are familiar with amharic, ethiopiaâs official language, and the literacy level is very low; lip plate and donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring mursi people;
© Eric Lafforgue
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopia’s official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;
© Eric Lafforgue
The Hamar (Hamer, Hammer) tribe is about 35,000 people, living in Hamer Bena woreda, a fertile part of the Omo River valley, in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) in Ethiopia; Itâs a pastoral tribe, placing a high value on cattle; At least 27 words are used to qualify the variations of colours and textures of cattle! Each man has a human, a goat and a cow name;
Honey collection is their major activity; They are also semi nomadic and migrate every few months to find pastures; They share a common language and culture with the Bana-Bashada; The society consists in a complex system of age groups with complicated rituals to pass from one to the other; The bull-jumping is the final test before passing into adulthood and getting married;
The Hamar have spectacular wooden headrests used to prevent the hair from touching the ground and to protect the clay wig that some wear; It is also used as a seat; Women dress their hair in short tufts rolled in ochre and fat or in long twisted strands; These strands, called "goscha" are a sign of health and welfare;â¨They also wear bead necklaces, iron bracelets, and decorate their breast with cowry shells; Married women wear "esente" around their necks, torques made of iron wrapped in leather; These are engagement presents, worn for life and indicating their husband's wealth; One of the necklaces is called the "bignere"; It has a phallic-shaped end; A manâs first wife only can wear this jewellery; Her status is the higher one in Hamer society; The second wifes are more slaves than wives;
The young unmarried girls wear a kind of oval metal plate used like a sunshield; It tends to be rare in the tribe;
© Eric Lafforgue
The Bodi (or Meen) tribe lives close to the Omo River in southern Ethiopia (Omo Valley) and has the Mursi tribe as south neighbor and Konso at north; It is a pastoral and agricultural tribe, thus livestock plays a large role in the tribe; Along the banks of the river, they cultivate sorghum, maize and coffee;
For their new year in June, called Kael, Bodi men consume large amounts of blood and milk to become overweight; This tradition measures the body fat of a contestant; Each family or clan is allowed to present an unmarried contestant; The winner of this contest is awarded great fame by the tribe; The women in the tribe wear goatskin skirts and have a plug inserted into their chin; Most of them are now Christians;
In Hana Mursi, the main town of the Bodis, the government plans to settle 300 000 people from all over Ethiopia over the next few years; Along with the workers and soldiers, AIDS and Hepatitis B are coming too; The Bodi tribespeople do not want to give up their traditions and their land to allow the new sugar cane plantations irrigated by the water of Gibe 3 dam, and live in the settlements planned by the government
© Eric Lafforgue
Ceremony organized by the government to try to pacify the situation in the region; The land of the Suri, in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia, is being stolen by the Ethiopian government to be rented to foreign companies; They are then rented out for 1 euro per hectare and per year;
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopia’s official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;
© Eric Lafforgue
When the Surma shepherds leave their village, they paint their bodies like for a camouflage;
Like their neighbours, the Surma, living in Omo valley, Ethiopia, paint their bodies; They create a variety of designs on their naked bodies using their fingertips, which helps exposing their dark skins and aims at beautifying themselves and frightenning their opponents; Surma men, generally believed to be expert artists, also paint the girls;
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Itâs quite common to see men and women carrying Kalashnikovs, which are part of the daily life; Their land has always been a place of traditional rivalries amoung neighbouring tribes such as the Bume (Nyangatom) or the Toposa from Sudan who regularly team up to raid on their cattle; These fights have become quite bloody since automatic firearms have become available during in the Sudanese Civil War;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopiaâs official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;
The land of the Suri, in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia, is being stolen by the Ethiopian government to be rented to foreign companies; They are then rented out for 1 euro per hectare and per year;
© Eric Lafforgue
When the Surma shepherds leave their village, they paint their bodies like for a camouflage;
Like their neighbours, the Surma, living in Omo valley, Ethiopia, paint their bodies; They create a variety of designs on their naked bodies using their fingertips, which helps exposing their dark skins and aims at beautifying themselves and frightenning their opponents; Surma men, generally believed to be expert artists, also paint the girls;
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
It’s quite common to see men and women carrying Kalashnikovs, which are part of the daily life; Their land has always been a place of traditional rivalries amoung neighbouring tribes such as the Bume (Nyangatom) or the Toposa from Sudan who regularly team up to raid on their cattle; These fights have become quite bloody since automatic firearms have become available during in the Sudanese Civil War;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopia’s official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;
The land of the Suri, in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia, is being stolen by the Ethiopian government to be rented to foreign companies; They are then rented out for 1 euro per hectare and per year;
© Eric Lafforgue
Surma or Suri (as they call themselves) are sedentary pastoral people living in south west of Ethiopia, on the western bank of the Omo river. These breeders tribal groups have a cattle-centred culture. They breed their cattle, mostly cows, on their traditional lands, located in the Omo Valley. The economy of the Suri is based on breeding and agriculture. They grow cabbage, beans, yams, tobacco and coffee. Cows are tremendously important in Suri culture. They do not see cattle simply as a material asset but as a life-sustaining and meaningful companion. Suri even sing songs for them and make fires to warm them. These cows are not bred for their meat and are usually not killed unless they are needed for ceremonial purposes. The Surmas very rarely eat the meat of their cows, they actually breed them for their milk and their blood, which they both drink. Cows also have a social and symbolic meaning in Suri’s society. Suri men are judged on how much cattle they own. In desperate times, Suri men can risk their lives to steal cattle from other tribes.The average male in the Suri tribe owns from 30 to 40 cows. Every young male is named after their cattle, which they have to look after since the age of 8. Men are not allowed to marry until they own 60 cows. Cows are given to the bride’s family after the wedding ceremony.
This central role of the cow in their way of life accounts for the fierce independance they want to preserve and explains their warlike culture. Indeed, it’s quite common to see men and even women carrying weapons which are part of the daily life. Their remote homeland has always been a place of traditional rivalries with the neighbouring tribes such as the Bume (Nyangatom) or the Toposa. who regurlarly team up to raid the Suri’s cattle. These fights, and even sometimes battles, have become quite bloody since automatic firearms like AK-47 have become available from the parties in the Sudanese Civil War. This conflict has pushed neighboring tribes into Suri’s land and is a constant competition to keep and protect their territory and their cattle. Gun battles are more common during the dry season, because around that time the Suri move their cattle down south to find new ground.
The 40 to 1,000 inhabitants villages of the Surmas, are led by a ritual chief known as the Komoru, dressed in colourful robes and wearing a crown of baboon fur. Village life is largely communal, sharing the produce of the cattle (milk and blood). Decisions of the village are taken by the men in an assembly. These debates are led by the Komoru, who are merely the most respected elder in a village even if they can be removed.
Although their traditional remoteness and autarky is threathened, only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia, and their literacy level is very low.
© Eric Lafforgue
The Bodi (or Meen) tribe lives close to the Omo River in southern Ethiopia (Omo Valley) and has the Mursi tribe as south neighbor and Konso at north; It is a pastoral and agricultural tribe, thus livestock plays a large role in the tribe; Along the banks of the river, they cultivate sorghum, maize and coffee;
For their new year in June, called Kael, Bodi men consume large amounts of blood and milk to become overweight;Â This tradition measures the body fat of a contestant; Each family or clan is allowed to present an unmarried contestant;Â The winner of this contest is awarded great fame by the tribe;Â The women in the tribe wear goatskin skirts and have a plug inserted into their chin; Most of them are now Christians;
In Hana Mursi, the main town of the Bodis, the government plans to settle 300 000 people from all over Ethiopia over the next few years; Along with the workers and soldiers, AIDS and Hepatitis B are coming too; The Bodi tribespeople do not want to give up their traditions and their land to allow the new sugar cane plantations irrigated by the water of Gibe 3 dam, and live in the settlements planned by the government; If the Konso tribe attempts to set foot on their land with the support of the government, clashes will erupt as the Bodi elders predict;
© Eric Lafforgue
Bana people (also spelled Banna or Benna) are an indigenous tribe of 50 000 people, of the lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia; Their neighbors are the Hamer tribe;Â They are really similar to them and are for that reason often called Hammer-Bena;
The Banna People are a friendly people and they look fantastic; women wear many decorations and men wear the clay or braided hair style they get when they honour the slain of an enemy or of a wild animal; They live mostly of agriculture in upland areas to the east of the Omo Valley, adjacent to the area of Ari and Tsemai; You can meet them in the markets of Key Afer where they trade;
Just like most of the tribes the Bena practice ritual dancing and singing;Â The men often have their hair dressed up with a colorful clay cap that is decorated with feathers;Â Women of the tribe wear beads in their hair held together with butter;
The bull-jumping is the most significant ceremony in the social life of the Bana, the final test before passing into adulthood and in order to get married
© Eric Lafforgue
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopiaâs official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;© Eric Lafforgue
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Surma or suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west ethiopia, in omo valley on the western bank of the omo river, in kibish and tulgit areas;
only few surma are familiar with amharic, ethiopia’s official language, and the literacy level is very low; lip plate and donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring mursi people;
© Eric Lafforgue
When the Surma shepherds leave their village, they paint their bodies like for a camouflage;
Like their neighbours, the Surma, living in Omo valley, Ethiopia, paint their bodies; They create a variety of designs on their naked bodies using their fingertips, which helps exposing their dark skins and aims at beautifying themselves and frightenning their opponents; Surma men, generally believed to be expert artists, also paint the girls;
Surma or Suri is a sedentary pastoral tribe living in south west Ethiopia, in Omo Valley on the western bank of the Omo River, in Kibish and Tulgit areas;
Itâs quite common to see men and women carrying Kalashnikovs, which are part of the daily life; Their land has always been a place of traditional rivalries amoung neighbouring tribes such as the Bume (Nyangatom) or the Toposa from Sudan who regularly team up to raid on their cattle; These fights have become quite bloody since automatic firearms have become available during in the Sudanese Civil War;
Only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, Ethiopiaâs official language, and the literacy level is very low; Lip plate and Donga stick fights are the two typical distinctive features of these people, shared with the neighbouring Mursi people;
The land of the Suri, in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia, is being stolen by the Ethiopian government to be rented to foreign companies; They are then rented out for 1 euro per hectare and per year;
The society of the Hamar tribe of the Omo Valley (Ethiopia) consists in a complex system of age groups with complicated rituals to pass from one to the other; The bull-jumping is the final test before passing into adulthood and getting married;
Before the jump, the women of the jumperâs family are introducing themselves standing still with one arm up in the air to be whipped to blood to prove their courage and accompany him during the test;
The whipper, or maze, is the one running the bull jumping iceremony; Mazes are single men who have already performed bull jumping; They are hired to whip the women during the ceremony and earn goats and money as a salary; Mazes survive on payments received for these ceremonies; They only feed themselves with milk, honey and meat; Once they get married, they get a dowry and some land if they are lucky; The Mazes take part to the eldersâ meeting before the ceremony;
The cow jumping or bull leaping consists in walking naked over bulls without falling; Once this is done, the boy becomes a man and is able to get married; Any boy who fails will be publicly humiliated, whipped by his female relatives and teased, insulted and beaten by both men and women for the rest of his life
© Eric Lafforgue
The society of the Hamar tribe of the Omo Valley (Ethiopia) consists in a complex system of age groups with complicated rituals to pass from one to the other; The bull-jumping is the final test before passing into adulthood and getting married;
Before the jump, the women of the jumperâs family are whipped to blood to prove their courage and accompany him during the test;
The whipper running the bull jumping is called maze; Mazes are single men who have already performed bull jumping; They are hired to whip the women during the ceremony and earn goats and money as a salary; Mazes survive on payments received for these ceremonies; They only feed themselves with milk, honey and meat; Once they get married, they get a dowry and some land if they are lucky; The Mazes take part to the eldersâ meeting before the ceremony;
The cow jumping or bull leaping consists in walking naked over bulls without falling; Once this is done, the boy becomes a man and is able to get married; Any boy who fails will be publicly humiliated, whipped by his female relatives and teased, insulted and beaten by both men and women for the rest of his life;
© Eric Lafforgue
The Tsemay, also known as Tsemako, Tsamay or Tsamai, belong to the lowland east Cushitic family in which the Dassanech and the Arbore are also part; They are found living in the semi-arid region of the Omo Valley;Â Their neighbours include the Konso to the east, the Bana - Bashada group to the west, the Ari to the north, and the Arbore to the south; Their territory spreads along the western bank of the Weito River, known as the Dulaika River;
The Tsemai speak an Omotic language with an influence of Eastern Cushitic language closely related to the one spoken in Konso; Tsemay tribepeople are only 10,000 people, and use both livestock herding and agriculture to survive; They practice flood cultivation, with the major crops being sorghum and maize, and keep beehives for honey; The Tsemay do not emphase on the need to keep a girlâs virginity untouched until marriage but their culture strictly prohibits the girls from bearing a child out of this relation; Unlike any other tribe in Ethiopia, the Tsemay have arranged marriages;Â The parents of the woman pick whom she will marry with or without her consent;Â Even if the marriage is fixed up, the man must still be able to afford to pay for his future wife;Â Payments in cattle, honey, grain and coffee are accepted; Once her parents gave their approval, the groom's parents are responsible for the preparation of the wedding feast; Tsemay bride's hand is not given to her husband but to her parents-in-law; This takes place at the time when the bridal group is summoned to the party; According to the culture, the groom must not appear until he is required to join the party; From this day on, the new couple is free from any sort of obligation or work for the next six months;
Similar to other Omo valley people, the Tsemay are a polygamous society; But they have regulations prohibiting marriages between very closely related individuals; Traditionally, inter marriage with the Bana is allowed; A Tsemay woman can marry a Bana man, never the other way around; Nevertheless, collecting treasures for the bride is so hard for the suitor that his closest kinsmen usually helps him; The dowry offered to the brideâs family compensates for the loss of her labor and potential for reproduction; Except during their honeymoon, Tsemay couples will not be eating together at home and from the same plate anymore and for the rest of their life;
The traditional costume of the Tsemay women involves a leather outfit; While married women's leather apron is wide and can cover both sides of the legs, that of the unmarried is a short skirt with a long V-shaped leather apron which is only enough to cover the backs of the legs;
In common with many other people of southern Ethiopia, society is structured around an age set system; four fixed age phases are recognized, with every set graduating in seniority once a decade, when a new generation of boys between the ages of about 11 and 22 is initiated
© Eric Lafforgue