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GSK, Cipla, Sun Pharma, Abbott, Zydus Cadila,Microlabs among others in top category at PharmaLeaders Award Nominations 2014
Pharmaleaders announce the biggest Healthcare Award Nominations in top 25 categories at 7th Annual Pharmaceutical Leadership Summit & Pharmaleaders Business Leadership Awards 2014
Tuesday,11th November 2014, Mumbai, Maharashtra. Nation’s biggest & most awaited,credible & prestigious leadership awards in pharmaceuticals, healthcare & biotechnology are announced by the Pharmaleaders Group ( www.pharmaleaders.tv ), a division of Network 7 Media Group (www.network7mediagroup.com )today with 25 top categories for voting by the public to chose the best companies & top performers based on the declaration by pharmaleaders of top five finalists. Various stakeholders of healthcare & physical interviews will be carried out by Pharmaleaders Journalists/Researchers to a sample size of 3.5 Lakh voters in the databank will be conducted in 16 Cities & will be counted in final voting. However only 40 % of weightage are to be given to Sms/Email/Online/Physical Interviews to gauge the mood of the nation while 60 % will purely rest on the merits & the decision of the eminent panel of jury members will be final to give the real justice & make it transparent in our quest to find the real winners as has been the practice exercised over the last 6 annual editions. Pharmaleaders awards are described as India’s Only Dedicated Celebration Of Excellence In Healthcare Innovation, Pharmaceutical & Medical Excellence And Brand Transformation. The final winners will be announced on the event date on Friday,26th December 2014 at Hotel Sahara Star in Mumbai in a glittering power packed influential gatherings of top healthcare leaders. Pharmaleaders is debating on two powerful themes Make In India – Healthcare Reforms, Insurance,Innovations,Investments & Infrastructure &“Empowering India’s Developing Healthcare System” - Investing the Healthcare Solutions of Tomorrow in difficult Times
Announcing the nominations of the 25 categories, Satya Brahma, Chairman & Editor-In-Chief of Pharmaleaders said, “ Pharmaleaders attempt is to recognize the shining stars of the Indian healthcare industry where merit & performances coupled with innovation in business strategies & technology excellence are the main pillars of award methodology. The approach of the Pharmaleaders is not just to felicitate the companies & individuals who are already big & have made a name to reckon with but also to trace the hidden talents who are not in the media limelight, extensive survey & research by pharmaleaders team bring top five finalists out of more than 100 players & are finally thrown to public voting. The rich & glorious tradion of honouring the leaders in the past one decade will reveal that Pharmaleaders has given justice to the award title by mixing established players with young unsung leaders.”
Nomination voting Category
Business Leader of the Year 2014
Nominees
Dr. Azad Moopen, Founder Chairman, DM Healthcare.( Code 01)
Mr. R.C. Juneja, CMD, Mankind Pharma Ltd.(Code 02)
Kallam Satish Reddy, Vice Chairman & MD, Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd.(Code 06)
Mr.B.N.Singh,MD,Alkem Laboratories Ltd.( Code 04)
Mr. Samir Mehta, Chairman, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd.( Code 05)
Business Woman of the Year 2014
Nominees
Mrs. Renuka Ramnath, Founder, Multiplies, Chairperson & Director, Vikram Hospitals.( Code 06)
Ms. Alka Goyal,Promoter & Director, Surya Pharmaceutical limited.( Code 07)
Ms. Suneeta Reddy, MD,,Apollo Hospitals Enterprise.( Code 08)
Ms. Monika Sood, Co-founder & Partner, Arete Advisors LLP.( Code 09)
Ms. Sangeeta Singh, CEO, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Wipro Ltd. ( Code 10)
First Generation Entrepreneur of the year 2014
Mr.Rajeish Moondraa, Founder & CEO,Truworth Health Technologies Pvt. Ltd & Health Wellness Solutions Pvt. Ltd.( Code 11)
Mr. Nikunj A. Desai, CEO, Prakruthik Health Care Pvt. Ltd.( Code 12)
Dr. Kannan Vishwanath, MD, Dr. Datsons Labs Ltd. ( Code 13)
Mr. Venkat Jasti, Chairman, Suven Lifesciences Ltd.( Code 14)
Dr. Bandi Parthasaradhi Reddy, CMD, Hetero Drugs Ltd. ( Code 15)
Hyderabad’s Most Promising & Valuable Hospital of the year 2014
Nominees
Yashoda Hospitals.( Code 16)
Sunshine Hospitals.( Code 17)
Rainbow Hospitals.( Code 18)
4 Innova Hospitals.( Code 19)
Kims Hospitals. ( Code 20)
India’s Most Promising & Valuable Skincare Leader 2014
Nominees
Dr. Aparna Santhanam, Dermatologist & Cosmetologist, Shree Hospitals.( Code 21)
Dr Jaishree Sharad, CEO & Consultant Cosmetic Dermatologist, Skinfiniti Aesthetic Skin & Laser Clinic.( Code 22)
Dr Harshna Bijlani, Dermatologist Cosmetologist,CEO, The Ageless Clinic.( Code 23)
Dr. Jamuna Pai,Dermatologist and Cosmetic Dermatologist, Chairperson & Founder, Blush Clinics.( Code 24)
Dr. Chytra V Anand, Founder, CEO & Chief Cosmetic Dermatologist Kosmoderma Clinics. ( Code 25)
India’s Most Promising & Valuable Life Science Company 2014 ( Code 20)
Nominees
Eris Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd.( Code 26)
Claris Lifesciences Ltd.( Code 27)
GVK Biosciences.( Code 28)
Avesthagen Ltd.( Code 29)
Krebs Biochemicals and Industries Limited.( Code 30)
India’s Most Admired Hospital Chain in Value & Customer Satisfaction 2014
Nominees
1 Metro Hospital & Heart Institute.( Code 31)
2 Fortis Healthcare.( Code 32)
3 Max Healthcare Group.( Code 33)
4 Care Hospitals Group.( Code 34)
5 Apollo Group of Hospitals.( Code 35)
India’s Most Admired Hospital in Cancer Care 2014
Nominees
Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center.( Code 36)
Tata Memorial Institute.( Code 37)
Omega Hospital.( Code 38)
Dharamshila Cancer Hospital and Research Centre.( Code 39)
HCG Cancer Care.( Code 40)
India’s Most Promising Hair Transplant Surgeon 2014
Nominees
Dr. Pathuri Madhu, Founder, Dr.Madhu's Advanced Hair Transplant Center.( Code 41)
Dr.Manoj Khanna, Founder, Chief Consultant Cosmetic Surgeon, Enhance.( Code 42)
Dr. Mohammad Khan, Founder, Dr Khan's Hair Transplant Center.( Code 43)
Dr. Sandeep Sattur, Founder, Hairrevive - Centre for Hair Restoration & Skin Rejuvenation. ( Code 44)
Dr. Bani Anand, Managing Director at Hairline International Pvt Ltd.( Code 45)
India’s Most Admired Health Insurance Company of the Year 2014
Nominees
Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd.( Code 46)
CIGNA Health Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.( Code 47)
Aviva Life Insurance Company India Ltd. ( Code 48)
Exide Life Insurance.( Code 49)
PNB Metlife Life Insurance Ltd.( Code 50)
India’s Most Promising & Valuable Company in OTC & Nutrition 2014
Nominees
Abbott Nutrition. ( Code 51)
GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Ltd.( Code 52)
DSM Nutritional Products AG.( Code 53)
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. ( Code 54)
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd.( Code 55)
India’s Most Valuable Pharma Company in Ethical Practice & Corporate Governance 2014
Nominees
Abbott India Ltd. ( Code 56)
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.( Code 57)
Lupin Ltd.( Code 58)
GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd.( Code 59)
Cipla Ltd .( Code 60)
Pharmaleader Professional of the year 2014
Nominees
Dr Shailesh Ayyangar, Managing Director - Sanofi India Ltd.( Code 61)
Mr. Sanjiv Navangul, Managing Director, Janssen India-Johnson & Johnson Ltd.( Code 62)
Mr.Rehan Khan, MD, Abbott India Ltd.( Code 63)
Mr. Sanjay Murdeshwar, MD, Astrazeneca Pharma India Ltd.( Code 64)
Dr Kamal K Sharma, Vice Chairman, Lupin Ltd.( Code 65)
Emerging Woman Entrepreneur of the Year 2014
Nominees
Dr. Sumitra Shankar, CEO, Dr. Sumita Shankar's Cosmetic Clinic.( Code 66)
Dr. Priti Shukla, CEO, Dr.Priti shukla's Ambrosia Clinic.( Code 67)
Ms.Surjit Kaur, Founder & CEO, Zeal Biologicals.( Code 68)
Dr. Sofiya Rangwala, CEO, SofiyaCare Skin and Hair Clinic.( Code 69)
Ms.Maya Chorengel,Cofounder,Elevar Advisors.( Code 70)
CEO of the Year 2014
Nominees
Mr. A. K. Singh, Chief Executive Officer, Taj Pharmaceuticals Ltd.( Code 71)
Mr. VK Singh -Chief Executive Officer, RPG Life Sciences Ltd.( Code 72)
Mr. Shivkumar Kunchithapatham,MD, Eisai Pharmaceuticals India Private Limited.( Code 73)
Varun Khanna, MD, Becton & Dickinson India Private Limited.( Code 74)
Rahul Chadha, Executive Director & CEO, Religare Wellness Ltd.( Code 75)
Dynamic Entrepreneur of the Year 2014
Nominees
Mr. Sanjeev Jain, MD, Akums Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited( Code 76)
Mr.Arun Kumar, Founder and Group CEO, Strides Arcolab Limited.( Code 77)
Dr. A. M. Arun Chairman & Managing Director , Vasan Eye Care Ltd.( Code 78)
Shri Ashok Chandra, Chairman, Gangaram Hospitals.( Code 79)
Mr. Girish Rao, CMD, Vidal Healthcare Services.( Code 80)
Pharmaleader Fund Manager of the Year 2014
Nominees
Mr.Shyam Shenthar,CEO, o3 Capital. ( Code 81)
Mr.Arvindkumar Alagarswamy, CEO at Attune Technologies Pvt Ltd.( Code 82)
Mr.Vishal Nevatia ,CEO & MD, India Value Fund Advisors Private Ltd. ( Code 83)
Mr.Vineet Rai, CEO & Managing Director,Aavishkaar Venture Management Services. ( Code 84)
Mr.Sameer Wagle,Managing Director, Asia Pacific Healthcare Advisors Private Limited.( Code 85)
India’s Most Promising Healthcare Retail Chain in Eye –Care Services 2014
Nominees
Vasan Healthcare Private Limited.( Code 86)
Aster Eye Hospitals. ( Code 87)
Eye-Q Super Specialty Eye Hospitals.( Code 88)
Maxivision Super Specialty Eye Hospitals.( Code 89)
Sankara Eye Hospital.( Code 90)
India’s Most Admired Company in Investor Relations & Corporate Affairs 2014
Nominees
Lupin Limited.( Code 91)
Glemark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.( Code 92)
Dr.Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.( Code 93)
Microlabs Ltd.( Code 94)
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.( Code 95)
India’s Most Valuable & Admired Pharmaceutical Group 2014
Nominees
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.( Code 96)
Abbott India Ltd.( Code 97)
Glaxo Smithkline Pharmaceuticals Ltd.( Code 98)
Cipla Ltd. ( Code 99)
Sanofi India Ltd.( Code 100)
India's Most Powerful, Most Valuable Corporate Brand 2014
Nominees
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. ( Code 101)
Abbott India Ltd. ( Code 102)
Glaxo Smithkline Pharmaceuticals Ltd.( Code 103)
Cipla Ltd.( Code 104)
Cadila Healthcare Ltd.( Code 105)
Pharma Leader CSR Company of the Year 2014
Nominees
Wockhardt Foundation.( Code 106)
Dr Reddy's Foundation.( Code 107)
Reliance Foundation.( Code 108)
AmeriCares India Foundation.( Code 109)
Utkarsh Healthcare Foundation India.( Code 110)
India’s Most Promising & Valuable Diet Expert & Nutritionist 2014
Ms Shubi Husain,Nutritionist & Founder & MD, Health Sanctuary( Code 111)
Ms,Rujuta Diwekar, Nutritionist & Author (Code 112)
Ms Anjali Mukerjee, Nutritionist & Co-Founder Health Total (Code 113)
Ms Pooja Makhija, Dietitian and Nutritionist (Code 114)
Ms Shonali Sabherwal, Macrobiotic Nutritionist (Code 115)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Individual Non-Voting Award Categories
The following independent categories are selected & finalized by the Jury Members & will not have any votings & the decisions of the jury in declaring the winner will be final & binding. Pharmaleaders reserve the rights to add/modify/delete any category based on its internal research mechanism.
India’s Most Admired Cardiologist
Healthcare Economist of the Year
Visionary Entrepreneur of the year
India’s Most Promising Diabetes-Cardiometabolic Healthcare Chain 2014
India’s Most Promising Super Specialty Hospitality In Quaternary Care Hospital
Global Indian of the year 2014
India’s Most Promising Orthopedic Surgeon 2014
India's Most Promising Entrepreneur in Ayurvedic Beauty Care of the year 2014
Healthcare Visionary of the Decade
Transformational PharmaLeader of the Decade 2014
India’s Most Valuable Pharma Company in HR Excellence 2014
India’s Most Admired Diabetologist 2014
India’s Most Promising & Valuable Emerging Hospital of the Year 2014
CEO of the Year – Healthcare
Transformational Biotech Leader of the Decade 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Pharmaleaders is India’s first opinion based & research driven bi-monthly magazine & has a decade of relentless reporting in Pharma Journalism in an unbiased, fearless & independent way. Over the last one decade, The Magazine has covered some of the biggest voices in healthcare Industry. Available both in digital & printed format, Pharmaleaders has emerged out as a leading title in voicing the opinion of the healthcare industry to the statutory Authorities like Ministry of Health & Family Affairs, Dept of Chemicals & Fertilizers, DCGA, FDA & many other institutions to present the pressing demands of the healthcare industry. Network 7 Media Group Media Outfit, a unit of Pharmaleaders, is a result of emergence of an extreme thought process in the form of some of the biggest & exclusive media properties that arose due to the frustration & disappointment of the present status-quo of the society in existence in the form of a careless & extremely insensitive administration of a large set-up. Network 7 Group has continuously strived to expose the misdeeds of the corrupt administrative fabrics or poor legislation or failure of a large entity in corporate governanance. Distinctively standing out of other media initiatives, Network 7 group has been in the forefront of championing the cause of good governance , fair, unbiased & independent reporting in national & international fields. Driven by the objective to address & deliberate some of the burning issues, sometimes neglected causes, Pharmaleaders is pioneering the concept of introducing a fierce democratic process in the form a mass resistance in bringing into the forefront of issues that matter most in the form of digital, printed, published, conclaves, summits & even in blogs & letters shoot out to the authoritative. Headquartered in Mumbai, Network 7 Group Media Outfit is backed & operated by some of the biggest think-tanks of the contemporary society whose ideas & actions are reflected in the form of editorials & exclusive news findings. Network 7 Group Media is present in the form of digital media production, publications, high-profile international events & healthcare communications
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15 February 2016, Rome, Italy - Catherine Swoboda, Director of Planning, World Food Prize. FAO International Symposium on “The Role of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition". Side event. Helping farmers grow: Climate change, food security and the technology nexus. FAO headquarters (Sheikh Zayed Centre).
Photo credit must be given: ©FAO/Alessandra Benedetti. Editorial use only. Copyright ©FAO.
ILRI research is working towards more effective livestock vaccines (photo credit: ILRI/Paul Karaimu).
The Promise of Biotechnology was painted by Eric Okdeh at 1108 Sansom Street in October, 2019. Sponsored by CSL Behring, the mural was painted over a three-month period by dozens of students, inmates at SCI Phoenix, CSI employees, and at community paint days.
It's a beautiful day for programming, networking and partnering at the 2017 BIO International Convention!
Female researchers carrying out research analysis in biotechnology laboratory at IITA Ibadan. Extreme left, Dr. Fisayo Kolade. Photo by IITA.
Available for licensing through Getty Images:
www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/pipette-tip-being-loaded...
The Robert C. Byrd Biotechnology Science Center in Huntington WV.
©2011 Rick Childers All Rights Reserved
16 February 2016, Rome, Italy - Gerda Verburg, Permanent Representative of the Netherlands. FAO International Symposium on “The Role of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition”. Side event. New breeding technologies for smallholders’ challenges. FAO headquarters (Sheikh Zayed Centre).
Photo credit must be given: ©FAO/Pier Paolo Cito. Editorial use only. Copyright ©FAO.
Participants speaking during the Session "Global Future Council on Biotechnology" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
High school students participating in the Biotechnology Learning Alliance for Bioscience (LAB) Program at Ohlone College. Get information at www.ohlone.edu/instr/biotech/labprogram/
Boston is the capital and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 685,094 in 2017, making it also the most populous city in the New England region. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth-largest in the United States.
Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635), first subway system (Tremont Street Subway, 1897), and first public park (Boston Common, 1634).
The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
Boston's early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine (after its "three mountains," only traces of which remain today) but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the origin of several prominent colonists. The renaming on September 7, 1630, (Old Style) was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was initially limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River and connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC.
In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America.
Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century. Boston's oceanfront location made it a lively port, and the city primarily engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days. However, Boston stagnated in the decades prior to the Revolution. By the mid-18th century, New York City and Philadelphia surpassed Boston in wealth. Boston encountered financial difficulties even as other cities in New England grew rapidly.
Revolution and the Siege of Boston
Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution occurred in or near Boston. Boston's penchant for mob action along with the colonists' growing distrust in Britain fostered a revolutionary spirit in the city. When the British government passed the Stamp Act in 1765, a Boston mob ravaged the homes of Andrew Oliver, the official tasked with enforcing the Act, and Thomas Hutchinson, then the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts. The British sent two regiments to Boston in 1768 in an attempt to quell the angry colonists. This did not sit well with the colonists. In 1770, during the Boston Massacre, the army killed several people in response to a mob in Boston. The colonists compelled the British to withdraw their troops. The event was widely publicized and fueled a revolutionary movement in America.
In 1773, Britain passed the Tea Act. Many of the colonists saw the act as an attempt to force them to accept the taxes established by the Townshend Acts. The act prompted the Boston Tea Party, where a group of rebels threw an entire shipment of tea sent by the British East India Company into Boston Harbor. The Boston Tea Party was a key event leading up to the revolution, as the British government responded furiously with the Intolerable Acts, demanding compensation for the lost tea from the rebels. This angered the colonists further and led to the American Revolutionary War. The war began in the area surrounding Boston with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
Boston itself was besieged for almost a year during the Siege of Boston, which began on April 19, 1775. The New England militia impeded the movement of the British Army. William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, then the commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America, led the British army in the siege. On June 17, the British captured the Charlestown peninsula in Boston, during the Battle of Bunker Hill. The British army outnumbered the militia stationed there, but it was a Pyrrhic victory for the British because their army suffered devastating casualties. It was also a testament to the power and courage of the militia, as their stubborn defending made it difficult for the British to capture Charlestown without losing many troops.
Several weeks later, George Washington took over the militia after the Continental Congress established the Continental Army to unify the revolutionary effort. Both sides faced difficulties and supply shortages in the siege, and the fighting was limited to small-scale raids and skirmishes. On March 4, 1776, Washington commanded his army to fortify Dorchester Heights, an area of Boston. The army placed cannons there to repel a British invasion against their stake in Boston. Washington was confident that the army would be able to resist a small-scale invasion with their fortifications. Howe planned an invasion into Boston, but bad weather delayed their advance. Howe decided to withdraw, because the storm gave Washington's army more time to improve their fortifications. British troops evacuated Boston on March 17, which solidified the revolutionaries' control of the city.
Post Revolution and the War of 1812
After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with the slave trade, rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important. Boston's harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 (adopted during the Napoleonic Wars) and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, and was known for its garment production and leather-goods industries. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce.
During this period, Boston flourished culturally, as well, admired for its rarefied literary life and generous artistic patronage, with members of old Boston families—eventually dubbed Boston Brahmins—coming to be regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites.
Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island. Boston eventually became a center of the abolitionist movement. The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case.
In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from the "Town of Boston" to the "City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.7 square miles (12 km2).
19th Century
In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settling in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants. Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics since the early 20th century; prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.
Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its area through land reclamation by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront. The largest reclamation efforts took place during the 19th century; beginning in 1807, the crown of Beacon Hill was used to fill in a 50-acre (20 ha) mill pond that later became the Haymarket Square area. The present-day State House sits atop this lowered Beacon Hill. Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown.
After the Great Boston fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present-day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present-day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present-day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912). Other proposals were unsuccessful for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge, and Chelsea.
20th Century
The city went into decline by the early to mid-20th century, as factories became old and obsolete and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere. Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects, under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) established in 1957. In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with strong public opposition.
The BRA subsequently re-evaluated its approach to urban renewal in its future projects, including the construction of Government Center. In 1965, the Columbia Point Health Center opened in the Dorchester neighborhood, the first Community Health Center in the United States. It mostly served the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it, which was built in 1953. The health center is still in operation and was rededicated in 1990 as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center. The Columbia Point complex itself was redeveloped and revitalized from 1984 to 1990 into a mixed-income residential development called Harbor Point Apartments.
By the 1970s, the city's economy had recovered after 30 years of economic downturn. A large number of high-rises were constructed in the Financial District and in Boston's Back Bay during this period. This boom continued into the mid-1980s and resumed after a few pauses. Hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Brigham and Women's Hospital lead the nation in medical innovation and patient care. Schools such as Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, Northeastern University, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music, and Boston Conservatory attract students to the area. Nevertheless, the city experienced conflict starting in 1974 over desegregation busing, which resulted in unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s.
21st Century
Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. The 1993 acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times was reversed in 2013 when it was re-sold to Boston businessman John W. Henry. In 2016, it was announced that General Electric would be moving its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to the Innovation District in South Boston, joining many other companies in this rapidly developing neighborhood.
Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen; Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States and was ranked the 129th-most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost-of-living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.
On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers detonated a pair of bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264.
In 2016, Boston briefly shouldered a bid as the US applicant for the 2024 Summer Olympics. The bid was supported by the mayor and a coalition of business leaders and local philanthropists, but was eventually dropped due to public opposition. The USOC then selected Los Angeles to be the American candidate with Los Angeles ultimately securing the right to host the 2028 Summer Olympics.
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Participants speaking during the Session "Global Future Council on Biotechnology" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell