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Recently, 28 Korean Augmentation to the United States Army or KATUSAs celebrated an end to their 2 years of military service during an ETS ceremony here at the post theater.
Their KATUSA service began Sept. 22, 2007 when they entered the Republic of Korea Army and completed the KATUSA Training Academy as KTA Class of 07-10.
Many KATUSAs around Area III, along with the U.S. and ROK Army Officers and NCOs, attended the ceremony showing appreciation for their exemplary work ethics and efforts, and to congratulate them on their departure from the Army and their journey back to society.
U.S. Army photos by Pvt. Joon Woo Baek
For more information on U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys and living and working in Korea visit: USAG-Humphreys' official web site or check out our online videos.
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KATUSA program remains strong
By Walter Ham IV
Eighth Army Public Affairs
SEOUL — The Korean Augmentation to the United States Army, or KATUSA, program was initiated in July 1950 by an informal agreement between the South Korean President Rhee Syng-man and General of the Army Douglas MacArthur. Sixty years have passed since the agreement but the KATUSA program continues due to the commitment for freedom and democracy by both nations.
“Most Korean men choose to serve their mandatory military service as ROK Army Soldiers, while some choose to serve in the ROK Navy, Marines, or Air Force,” said 19th Expeditionary Sustainment Command Republic of Korea Support Office commander Maj. Noh Gong-chool. “Yet others choose to apply to become a KATUSA and serve alongside U.S. Soldiers.”
Becoming a KATUSA is not easy though. It requires taking standardized English tests and most of all, luck.
“KATUSA applicants must score 780 or above out of 990 on the test of English for international communication, or over 690 out of 990 on the test of English proficiency developed by Seoul National University,” said Noh. “I know that students study hard to obtain these scores so they can apply to the program.”
A lottery is drawn from the qualified applicants with a competitive ratio of approximately 10.5 to 1. Once selected, each KATUSA trainee completes six weeks of ROK army basic training at Nonsan Training Academy and three weeks of KATUSA/U.S. training at the KATUSA Training Academy, or KTA, at Camp Jackson.
“We learn the basic military customs and courtesies at KTA,” said Pvt 2nd Class Nam Hyun-wook, 19th ESC G-1. “If Nonsan is about being a ROK soldier, KTA is about being a U.S. Soldier.”
During the last week at Camp Jackson, KATUSA trainees are classified into different method of services depending on their majors, English abilities and other certifications. After graduation, KATUSAs go to their respective Eighth Army units and start working alongside their peer Soldiers.
New KATUSAs normally come to a unit on a monthly basis. For two years, KATUSAs automatically rise in rank from private to sergeant.
“As a KATUSA, we need to understand both U.S. and ROK Army policies and cultures. For example, KATUSAs are automatically promoted but our American counterparts are not. We work, live and train with U.S. Soldiers, but we still abide by the basic rules of the ROK army,” said Cpl. Lee, Min-soo, 19th ESC Personal Administration Center. “We’re like hybrid soldiers, a mix of U.S. and ROK Army cultures.”
Lee believes that KATUSAs play a vital role in strengthening and maintaining the U.S.-ROK alliance.
“As KATUSAs, we represent South Korea by working hard and being on top of our games,” he said.
Most KATUSAs do not have battlefield experience, but like any U.S. Soldier, KATUSAs are willing to engage the enemy to protect their nation.
“Incentives or monetary compensation are unnecessary in the urge to defend our nation,” Noh said.
Decoration in the Capital letter.
This is a facsimile copy of the 1544 Letters Patent drawn up by the Court of Augmentations for the sale of Malmesbury Abbey to William Stumpe (MP for Malmesbury 1529-1536 and 1547-1552).
The Court of Augmentations was established in 1536 to administer monastic properties seized during the Dissolution.
The Abbey and surrounding lands were sold to Stumpe for £1,517- 12s – 2½d.
The Abbey was founded by Maildubh, an Irish monk, and succeeded by Andhelm (639-709) in 676, who became the first abbot and also introduced the Benedictine Rule.
The early community consisted of various buildings, and grew to be the second largest library in Europe. In c1145 the complex was replaced with the current abbey building (the third on the site) with work completed c1180.
"The twelfth century abbey when finished was much bigger than the relic surviving today; there were 9 bays in the nave to the west of a low tower and 3 to the east. The west end of the abbey was spectacular with twin towers. It is thought Salisbury cathedral’s west end was modelled on Malmesbury"
[Athelstan Museum]
The abbey lasted until 1500 when one of the tall towers (holding the spire) collapsed and destroyed a substantial part of the nave and transept. Fifty years later, the other spire collapsed, destroying more of the building.
By this point the abbey had been closed following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and sold to William Stumpe (wealthy mercer and local MP) who returned the building to Malmesbury as its local church.
The church then saw action during the English Civil War, and at one point was said to have had cannon mounted in the tower. There was some concerted effort to restore the building in 1822, including the installation of a gothic window; there was further renovation at the end of the c19th with works completed 1905, rebuilding the southwest turret and the western wall of the nave, and repairing the buttresses. In 1927 the abbey was closed for a year as new stalls and a pulpit were installed, and the east wall was decorated with new plaster.
Warangal; (also known as Orugallu and Ekasila Nagaram) is a city and the district headquarters of Warangal district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located 148 kilometres northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad and for administrative purposes comprises the Warangal, Hanmakonda and Kazipet areas.
The city is known for its heritage and in late 2014 was included in the Government of India's proposed HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana, along with eleven other Indian cities. A few months earlier, the national government listed it among the 100 proposed smart cities that will be eligible for additional investment to improve urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities.
Warangal is the second-fastest growing city in Telangana state, after Hyderabad. After taking control of 42 gram panchayats, its population has exceeded 1 million and this growth, plus its historical significance, caused the government to authorise the prefer Greater to the name of Warangal Municipal Corporation in early 2015.
Warangal has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
ETYMOLOGY
"Oru" in Tamil means 'single' and "Kal" in Tamil is referred as a 'stone'. There is no Telugu equivalent to Oru and Kal. The word "Orugallu" synonyms, one rock, which describes the city was carved out of a single large stone. The word "Ekashilanagaram" is other way of describing the name Orugallu which literally means same as "City Carved Out of Single Stone", used very commonly in the period of kakatiyan empire. As the time went on, orugallu was changed to "Warangallu" and finally settled as Warangal.
HISTORY
Warangal, then known as Oragullu, was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur.
The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to Shiva, and the Ramappa temple situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by Marco Polo. After the defeat of Prataparudra II, the Musunuri Nayaks united 72 Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi Sultanate and ruled for fifty years. After the demise of the Nayaks, Warangal was part of the Bahmani Sultanate and then the Sultanate of Golconda.
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724, which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganization Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state, which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh.
GEOGRAPHY
Warangal is located at 18.0°N 79.58°E. It has an average elevation of 302 metres.
It is settled in the eastern part of Deccan Plateau made up of granite rocks and hill formations which left the region barren making the cultivation depend on seasonal rainfalls. There are no river flows nearby warangal, which makes it to rely on Kakatiya Canal which originates from Sriram Sagar Project to meet the drinking water requirements. Located in the semi-arid region of Telangana, Warangal has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summer starts in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 550 mm of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in October and lasts until early February, when there is little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C range. Many hill rocks and lakes are settled around warangal. Padmakshi hill and Govinda Rajula Gutta are two famous hills with temples. Bhadrakali and Waddepally are the two famous lakes which adds scenic beauty and also are the major sources of drinking water.
WIKIPEDIA
Warangal; (also known as Orugallu and Ekasila Nagaram) is a city and the district headquarters of Warangal district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located 148 kilometres northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad and for administrative purposes comprises the Warangal, Hanmakonda and Kazipet areas.
The city is known for its heritage and in late 2014 was included in the Government of India's proposed HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana, along with eleven other Indian cities. A few months earlier, the national government listed it among the 100 proposed smart cities that will be eligible for additional investment to improve urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities.
Warangal is the second-fastest growing city in Telangana state, after Hyderabad. After taking control of 42 gram panchayats, its population has exceeded 1 million and this growth, plus its historical significance, caused the government to authorise the prefer Greater to the name of Warangal Municipal Corporation in early 2015.
Warangal has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
ETYMOLOGY
"Oru" in Tamil means 'single' and "Kal" in Tamil is referred as a 'stone'. There is no Telugu equivalent to Oru and Kal. The word "Orugallu" synonyms, one rock, which describes the city was carved out of a single large stone. The word "Ekashilanagaram" is other way of describing the name Orugallu which literally means same as "City Carved Out of Single Stone", used very commonly in the period of kakatiyan empire. As the time went on, orugallu was changed to "Warangallu" and finally settled as Warangal.
HISTORY
Warangal, then known as Oragullu, was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur.
The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to Shiva, and the Ramappa temple situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by Marco Polo. After the defeat of Prataparudra II, the Musunuri Nayaks united 72 Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi Sultanate and ruled for fifty years. After the demise of the Nayaks, Warangal was part of the Bahmani Sultanate and then the Sultanate of Golconda.
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724, which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganization Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state, which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh.
GEOGRAPHY
Warangal is located at 18.0°N 79.58°E. It has an average elevation of 302 metres.
It is settled in the eastern part of Deccan Plateau made up of granite rocks and hill formations which left the region barren making the cultivation depend on seasonal rainfalls. There are no river flows nearby warangal, which makes it to rely on Kakatiya Canal which originates from Sriram Sagar Project to meet the drinking water requirements. Located in the semi-arid region of Telangana, Warangal has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summer starts in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 550 mm of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in October and lasts until early February, when there is little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C range. Many hill rocks and lakes are settled around warangal. Padmakshi hill and Govinda Rajula Gutta are two famous hills with temples. Bhadrakali and Waddepally are the two famous lakes which adds scenic beauty and also are the major sources of drinking water.
WIKIPEDIA
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U.S. Army Reserve Soldiers from the 391st Mobile Augmentation Company (MAC), Boise, Idaho, build a “frag fence,” used to mark the placement of a mine field, during their rotation at the National Training Center (NTC), Fort Irwin, California, January 23, 2019. The 391st took part in the third rotation of NTC for 2019, a training exercise that occurs 11 times per year over the course of 14 days (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Jason Proseus/416th Theater Engineer Command).
Staff Sgt. Jeremy Householder, Arkansas Army National Guard, 1037 Mobility Augmentation Company (MAC), shoots an M240B machine gun, from a gunner hatch, at the enemy while supporting the 116th Cavalry Brigade Combat Team, Idaho Army National Guard, during the first day of simulated combat operations at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, Calif., Aug. 22. This 12-day field training exercise is the first force-on-force training cycle the National Guard has participated in since the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom, and is composed of more than 5,200 Soldiers with National Guard units from 10 states as well as U.S. Army Reserve and active duty U.S. Army Soldiers. (Photo by Spc. Michael Germundson, 115th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment)
U.S. Army Col. Rodney Sanders, Commander of Urban Augmentation Medical Task Force 352-2, left, speaks with U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Patrick Kennedy, Assistant Adjutant General-Air, and Commander of the New Jersey Air National Guard, during a tour at the Federal Medical Station inside the Atlantic City Convention Center, Atlantic City, N.J., April 24, 2020. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt. Matt Hecht)
Recently, 28 Korean Augmentation to the United States Army or KATUSAs celebrated an end to their 2 years of military service during an ETS ceremony here at the post theater.
Their KATUSA service began Sept. 22, 2007 when they entered the Republic of Korea Army and completed the KATUSA Training Academy as KTA Class of 07-10.
Many KATUSAs around Area III, along with the U.S. and ROK Army Officers and NCOs, attended the ceremony showing appreciation for their exemplary work ethics and efforts, and to congratulate them on their departure from the Army and their journey back to society.
U.S. Army photos by Pvt. Joon Woo Baek
For more information on U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys and living and working in Korea visit: USAG-Humphreys' official web site or check out our online videos.
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Royal Air Force British Aircraft Corporation Lightning F.6 XR759 of the Lightning Augmentation Flight on display at Royal Air Force Brize Norton. Saturday 12th June 1982
Note, XR759 was built by the British Aircraft Corporation (Preston Division) as a F.3A variant, first flying on 9th September 1965. After a short period of storage at Warton it was issued to 5 Squadron on 18th January 1966 coded E. It was delivered to 60 Maintenance Unit on 27th February 1967 for overhaul and then to British Aircraft Corporation Warton on 18th July 1967 for conversion to a F.6 variant before being moved back to 60 Maintenance Unit on 2nd August 1968 for storage. It was issued to 5 Squadron on 1st November 1968 coded R, being recoded A in June 1970. It was issued to 74 Squadron in June 1971 coded G, was issued to 56 Squadron on 30th August 1971 coded P, and was delivered to 60 Maintenance Unit on 9th June 1972 for overhaul. It was issued to 56 Squadron on 26th October 1972 coded P, and was placed in store at Royal Air Force Binbrook on 26th June 1975. It was issued to 11 Squadron on 14th July 1975 coded P, being recoded H from 8th December 1975, being placed in store in September 1977. It was issued to 5 Squadron on 8th August 1978 coded H (being loaned to 11 Squadron between 3rd October and 8th November 1979 coded B), being recoded AH at some time. It was placed in store in late 1981 and then after repainting at Royal Air Force St Athan in early 1982 it was issued to the Lightning Augmentation Flight on 14th May 1982
Ref no BT/00177
Members of the Virginia Defense Force, Shelter Augmentation Liaison Team provide assistance to the Virginia State Police during the 2011 State Managed Shelter Exercise Oct. 11 on the campus of Richard Bland College near Petersburg. The members of the SALT will serve as liaisons between the VSP and the Virginia Department of Military Affairs, as well as faciliate the introduction of Virginia National Guard forces at State Managed Shelters in the event of an actual activation of shelters. (Photo by Staff Sgt. Andrew H. Owen, Virginia Guard Public Affairs)
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Warangal; (also known as Orugallu and Ekasila Nagaram) is a city and the district headquarters of Warangal district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located 148 kilometres northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad and for administrative purposes comprises the Warangal, Hanmakonda and Kazipet areas.
The city is known for its heritage and in late 2014 was included in the Government of India's proposed HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana, along with eleven other Indian cities. A few months earlier, the national government listed it among the 100 proposed smart cities that will be eligible for additional investment to improve urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities.
Warangal is the second-fastest growing city in Telangana state, after Hyderabad. After taking control of 42 gram panchayats, its population has exceeded 1 million and this growth, plus its historical significance, caused the government to authorise the prefer Greater to the name of Warangal Municipal Corporation in early 2015.
Warangal has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
ETYMOLOGY
"Oru" in Tamil means 'single' and "Kal" in Tamil is referred as a 'stone'. There is no Telugu equivalent to Oru and Kal. The word "Orugallu" synonyms, one rock, which describes the city was carved out of a single large stone. The word "Ekashilanagaram" is other way of describing the name Orugallu which literally means same as "City Carved Out of Single Stone", used very commonly in the period of kakatiyan empire. As the time went on, orugallu was changed to "Warangallu" and finally settled as Warangal.
HISTORY
Warangal, then known as Oragullu, was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur.
The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to Shiva, and the Ramappa temple situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by Marco Polo. After the defeat of Prataparudra II, the Musunuri Nayaks united 72 Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi Sultanate and ruled for fifty years. After the demise of the Nayaks, Warangal was part of the Bahmani Sultanate and then the Sultanate of Golconda.
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724, which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganization Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state, which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh.
GEOGRAPHY
Warangal is located at 18.0°N 79.58°E. It has an average elevation of 302 metres.
It is settled in the eastern part of Deccan Plateau made up of granite rocks and hill formations which left the region barren making the cultivation depend on seasonal rainfalls. There are no river flows nearby warangal, which makes it to rely on Kakatiya Canal which originates from Sriram Sagar Project to meet the drinking water requirements. Located in the semi-arid region of Telangana, Warangal has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summer starts in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 550 mm of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in October and lasts until early February, when there is little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C range. Many hill rocks and lakes are settled around warangal. Padmakshi hill and Govinda Rajula Gutta are two famous hills with temples. Bhadrakali and Waddepally are the two famous lakes which adds scenic beauty and also are the major sources of drinking water.
WIKIPEDIA
U.S. Army Reserve Soldiers from the 391st Mobile Augmentation Company (MAC), Boise, Idaho, constructing vehicle fighting positions to be used by either an M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank, or an M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle, during their rotation at the National Training Center (NTC), at Fort Irwin, California, January 19, 2019 (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Jason Proseus).
Warangal; (also known as Orugallu and Ekasila Nagaram) is a city and the district headquarters of Warangal district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located 148 kilometres northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad and for administrative purposes comprises the Warangal, Hanmakonda and Kazipet areas.
The city is known for its heritage and in late 2014 was included in the Government of India's proposed HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana, along with eleven other Indian cities. A few months earlier, the national government listed it among the 100 proposed smart cities that will be eligible for additional investment to improve urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities.
Warangal is the second-fastest growing city in Telangana state, after Hyderabad. After taking control of 42 gram panchayats, its population has exceeded 1 million and this growth, plus its historical significance, caused the government to authorise the prefer Greater to the name of Warangal Municipal Corporation in early 2015.
Warangal has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
ETYMOLOGY
"Oru" in Tamil means 'single' and "Kal" in Tamil is referred as a 'stone'. There is no Telugu equivalent to Oru and Kal. The word "Orugallu" synonyms, one rock, which describes the city was carved out of a single large stone. The word "Ekashilanagaram" is other way of describing the name Orugallu which literally means same as "City Carved Out of Single Stone", used very commonly in the period of kakatiyan empire. As the time went on, orugallu was changed to "Warangallu" and finally settled as Warangal.
HISTORY
Warangal, then known as Oragullu, was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur.
The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to Shiva, and the Ramappa temple situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by Marco Polo. After the defeat of Prataparudra II, the Musunuri Nayaks united 72 Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi Sultanate and ruled for fifty years. After the demise of the Nayaks, Warangal was part of the Bahmani Sultanate and then the Sultanate of Golconda.
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724, which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganization Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state, which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh.
GEOGRAPHY
Warangal is located at 18.0°N 79.58°E. It has an average elevation of 302 metres.
It is settled in the eastern part of Deccan Plateau made up of granite rocks and hill formations which left the region barren making the cultivation depend on seasonal rainfalls. There are no river flows nearby warangal, which makes it to rely on Kakatiya Canal which originates from Sriram Sagar Project to meet the drinking water requirements. Located in the semi-arid region of Telangana, Warangal has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summer starts in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 550 mm of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in October and lasts until early February, when there is little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C range. Many hill rocks and lakes are settled around warangal. Padmakshi hill and Govinda Rajula Gutta are two famous hills with temples. Bhadrakali and Waddepally are the two famous lakes which adds scenic beauty and also are the major sources of drinking water.
WIKIPEDIA
U.S. Army Reserve Soldiers from the 391st Mobile Augmentation Company (MAC), Boise, Idaho, build a “frag fence,” used to mark the placement of a mine field, during their rotation at the National Training Center (NTC), Fort Irwin, California, January 23, 2019. The 391st took part in the third rotation of NTC for 2019, a training exercise that occurs 11 times per year over the course of 14 days (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Jason Proseus/416th Theater Engineer Command).
Members of the Virginia Defense Force, Shelter Augmentation Liaison Team provide assistance to the Virginia State Police during the 2011 State Managed Shelter Exercise Oct. 11 on the campus of Richard Bland College near Petersburg. The members of the SALT will serve as liaisons between the VSP and the Virginia Department of Military Affairs, as well as faciliate the introduction of Virginia National Guard forces at State Managed Shelters in the event of an actual activation of shelters. (Photo by Staff Sgt. Andrew H. Owen, Virginia Guard Public Affairs)
U.S. Army Reserve Soldiers from the 391st Mobile Augmentation Company (MAC), Boise, Idaho, provide overwatch security while other members of their unit build a “frag fence,” used to mark the placement of a mine field, during their rotation at the National Training Center (NTC), Fort Irwin, California, January 23, 2019. The 391st took part in the third rotation of NTC for 2019, a training exercise that occurs 11 times per year over the course of 14 days (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Jason Proseus/416th Theater Engineer Command).
Mathura is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately 50 kilometres north of Agra, and 145 kilometres south-east of Delhi; about 11 kilometres from the town of Vrindavan, and 22 kilometres from Govardhan. It is the administrative centre of Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient period, Mathura was an economic hub, located at the junction of important caravan routes. The 2011 census of India estimated the population of Mathura to be 441,894.
Mathura is the birthplace of Lord Krishna which is located at the centre of Braj or Brij-bhoomi, called Shri Krishna Janma-Bhoomi, literally: 'Lord Krishna's birthplace'. It is one of the seven cities (Sapta Puri) considered holy by Hindus. The Keshav Dev Temple was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's birthplace (an underground prison). Mathura was the capital of the Surasena Kingdom, ruled by Kansa the maternal uncle of Krishna.
Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
HISTORY
Mathura has an ancient history and also homeland and birthplace of Krishna who was born in yadu dynasty. According to the Archaeological Survey of India plaque at the Mathura Museum, the city is mentioned in the oldest Indian epic, the Ramayana. In the epic, the Ikshwaku prince Shatrughna slays a demon called Lavanasura and claims the land. Afterwards, the place came to be known as Madhuvan as it was thickly wooded, then Madhupura and later Mathura.
In the 6th century BCE Mathura became the capital of the Surasena mahajanapada. The city was later ruled by the Maurya empire (4th to 2nd centuries BCE) and the Shunga dynasty (2nd century BCE). It may have come under the control of Indo-Greeks some time between 180 BCE and 100 BCE. It then reverted to local rule before being conquered by the Indo-Scythians during the 1st century BCE.
Mathuran art and culture reached its zenith under the Kushan dynasty which had Mathura as one of their capitals, the other being Purushapura (Peshawar). The dynasty had kings with the names of Kujula Kadphises, Kanishka, Huvishka and Vasudeva I.
Megasthenes, writing in the early 3rd century BCE, mentions Mathura as a great city under the name Μέθορα (Méthora).
The Indo-Scythians (aka Sakas or Shakas) conquered the area of Mathura over Indian kings around 60 BCE.
The findings of ancient stone inscriptions in Maghera, a town 17 kilometres from Mathura, provide historical artifacts giving more details on this era of Mathura. The opening of the 3 line text of these inscriptions are in Brahmi script and were translated as: "In the 116th year of the Greek kings..."
The Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions attest that Mathura fell under the control of the Sakas. The inscriptions contain references to Kharaosta Kamuio and Aiyasi Kamuia. Yuvaraja Kharostes (Kshatrapa) was the son of Arta, as is attested by his own coins.
Arta is stated to be brother of King Moga or Maues. Princess Aiyasi Kambojaka, also called Kambojika, was the chief queen of Shaka Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula. Kamboja presence in Mathura is also verified from some verses of the epic, the Mahabharata, which are believed to have been composed around this period.
The Indo-Scythian satraps of Mathura are sometimes called the "Northern Satraps", as opposed to the "Western Satraps" ruling in Gujarat and Malwa. After Rajuvula, several successors are known to have ruled as vassals to the Kushans, such as the "Great Satrap" Kharapallana and the "Satrap" Vanaspara, who are known from an inscription discovered in Sarnath, and dated to the 3rd year of Kanishka (c 130 CE), in which they were paying allegiance to the Kushans.
Mathura served as one of the Kushan Empire's two capitals from the first to the third centuries.
Faxian mentions the city as a centre of Buddhism about 400 while his successor Xuanzang, who visited the city in 634 CE, mentions it as Mot'ulo, recording that it contained twenty Buddhist monasteries and five Brahmanical temples. Later, he went east to Thanesar, Jalandhar in the eastern Punjab, before climbing up to visit predominantly Theravada monasteries in the Kulu valley and turning southward again to Bairat and then Mathura, on the Yamuna river.
The city was sacked and many of its temples destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1018 and again by Sikandar Lodhi, who ruled the Sultanate of Delhi from 1489 to 1517.
Sikander Lodhi earned the epithet of 'Butt Shikan', the 'Destroyer of Hindu deities'. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, built the city's Jami Masjid (Friday mosque) .[citation needed] The noteworthy fact is that the exact place of birth of Krishna, according to historians, is in the place of worship of the Hindus, though the mosque was built near the birthplace of Krishna. The bigger Krishna shrine, better known as Dwarkadeesh Temple is a few metres away from what is believed to be the actual birthplace of Krishna. It was built in 1815 by Seth Gokuldas Parikh, Treasurer of Gwalior.
In 2016, 24 people including 2 police officers were killed in the Jawahar Bagh clash, when the police tried to evict a large number of squatters from the public park
GEOGRAPHY
Mathura is located at 27.28°N 77.41°E. It has an average elevation of 174 metres
DEMOGRAPHICS
The 2011 census of India estimates the population of Mathura to be 441,894, a decadal growth rate of 22.53 per cent from 2001 census of India. Males account for 54% (268,445) and females for 46% (173,449) of this population. Sex ratio of Mathura is 858 females per 1000 males, which has increased from 840 in 2001. However, national sex ratio is 940. Population density in 2011 has increased from 621 per km2 in 2001 to 761 per km2. Mathura has an average literacy rate of 72.65 per cent which has increased from 61.46 per cent in 2001 but still lower than the national average of 74.04 per cent. Male and female literacy rate are 84.39 and 58.93 per cent respectively. 15.61 per cent of Mathura's population is under 6 years of age. This figure was 19.56 per cent in 2001 census. Mathura has large population of Jat and Yadav in rural areas and Brahmins & Baniyas in City. The famous cities/villages of Mathura District are as follows.
Lohwan
Vrindavan
Baldeo
Nandgaon
Barsana
Goverdhan
Gokul
Chaumuhan
Kosi Kalan
TRANSPORTATION
RAIL
Mathura is well connected by train to major cities in India such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Indore, Alwar, Jaipur, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Rewa, Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi etc.
The city is served by four stations, Mathura Junction being the biggest one connecting to West, North and Southern India. Mathura Cantt connects to eastern Uttar Pradesh. Bhuteshwar serves for local trains for Delhi, Delhi NCR, Agra, Bharatpur and Alwar. Another station Krishnajanmabhoomi connects to Vrindavan via rail bus.
ROAD
Mathura is well connected by road to the rest of Uttar Pradesh and India. NH 2 (Delhi-Howrah) Highway passes through the city and connects to National Highway 3 (to Mumbai), a part of which is known as Mathura Road. NH-11 (Agra to Bikaner). SH-33 (Bareilly to Mathura via Badaun ,Ujhani, Kasganj ,Soron, Sikandra Rao, Hathras) NH-93 (Moradabad) are also prominent arterial highways. Yamuna Expressway also connects to Mathura and in fact shortest way to reach Mathura by road.
The city is served by Upsrtc, JNNURAM, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, DTC, Chandigarh and Punjab state transportation bus companies. Mathura depot, run by upsrtc - the Uttar Pradesh state bus company - runs 120 buses. Direct buses are available to Alwar, Agra, Aligarh, Khair, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Udaipur, Ajmer, Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Kanpur, Meerut, Haridwar, Rohtak and other Indian cities. An intercity JnNURM bus facility also exists.
AIR
As of now the city has no airport but the airport was proposed to Mathura in 2012. The civil aviation minister Ajit Singh suggested Mathura's name for the site of a new greenfield international airport to chief minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav. Mathura's name came into play when group of ministers terminated the planning of building Taj International Airport at Greater Noida. Land has been marked, and construction is in progress near the Yamuna Expressway, with plans to open in the next five years with regular flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Ujjain and Varanasi and some international routes in future.
TOURISM
Mathura is a holy city for Hinduism, the world's third-largest religion. There are many places of historic and religious importance in Mathura and its neighbouring towns. The twin-city to Mathura is Vrindavan. As the home of Krishna in his youth, the small town is host to a multitude of temples belonging to various sects of Hinduism proclaiming Krishna in various forms and avatars. Some places of interest are:
Baldeo(Dauji Mandir)
Lohwan Mata Mandir
Shri Ratneshwar Mahadev
Gopinath Maharaj Mandir
Keshav Dev Temple (Shri Krishna Janma Bhoomi)
Vishram Ghat (Bank of River Yamuna)
Shri Jagannath Temple Bhuteshwar Mathura
Prem Mandir, Vrindavan
Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir, Vrindavan
Mathura Museum
Birla Mandir
Shri Krishna Janmabhoomi
Naam yog Sadhna Mandir (Baba Jai Gurudev Temple)
Banke Bihari Temple
Shri Krishna Janmabhoomi
Iskcon Temple.
bhuteshwar temple
The Udasin Kashni Ashram (Ramanrati) near Gokul (Mahaven)
STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE
Mathura is the home for Indian I Corps (Strike Formation) within the Indian Army's Central Command, hosting Strike I Corps headquarters in a large classified area in the outskirts of the city known as Mathura Cantonment (Central Command itself has its headquarters at Lucknow). It hosts Strike Infantry units, Air Defence units, Armoured Divisions, Engineer brigades, Aritillery Units and classified units of Strategic Nuclear Command. Corps I is primarily responsible for western borders of India. In 2007 during Exercise Ashwamedha, all the armoured, artillery and infantry divisions performed a simulation of an overall NBC (nuclear-chemical-biological) environment. The aim was to show operational ability in high intensity, short duration and 'sudden' battles.
INDUSTRIES
One of the major contributors in the economy of Uttar Pradesh are Mathura Industries.[citation needed] Mathura Refinery located in the city is one of the biggest oil refineries of Asia with 8.0 MMTPA refining capacity. This oil refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation is a highly technologically advanced oil refinery. Mathura Refinery is the first in Asia and third in the world to receive the coveted ISO-14001 certification for Environment Management System in 1996.
Textile printing industry that includes both sari-printing and fabric dyeing and silver ornaments manufacturing are major industrial contributors to the region. Apart from these other industries are water tap manufacturing units and other decorative and household items. Mathura also is a big centre for production of cotton materials; prominent among them being pure white bleached cotton sarees for women and dhotis for men,and cotton niwar tapes for beds. It is also a hub for production of milk based sweet meals,prominent among them being mathura Pedas and burfis. Renowned as the place where rivers of milk flowed, Mathura till today boasts of Milk trading centres where you can buy any amount of fresh milk where rates vary every few minutes and are notified on a black board akin to stock prices.
POLITICS
In 2014 General Elections Mrs. Hema Malini of BJP became the Member of Parliament from Mathura Constituency. The Mayor of the city is Mrs. Manisha Gupta of BJP.
CULTURE
Mathura has contributed a lot towards Indian Culture through its rich heritage. The ethos of Mathura, and in fact the whole of Braj mandal is centered on Krishna and his tales. Mathura sees heightened activities during the major festivities dedicated to Krishna.
The Braj culture has been expressed widely through various practices.
Sanjhee is the colourful art of decorating the ground with flowers.
Rasiya is a tradition that is integral to Mathura's culture. It is the tradition of folk-songs that describe the love of the divine couple Radha and Krshnaji. It is an inseparable part of the Holi celebrations and all other festive occasions at Mathura. (Dhulendi – Holi with drums (dholak), colours, etc. originated from Braj region hundreds of millennia before today.)
Raaslilas of Mathura have become an integral part of Indian Folklore. Krshnaji had danced the Raas with gopis on banks of Yamuna river.
Charkula is a traditional folk dance of the Braj. In this dance, a woman balances a column of deepikas on her head and dances to the accompaniment of Rasiya songs by the menfolk.
The language spoken in the Braj mandal is mainly Hindi which is spoken in a different dialect. This dialect is characteristic with the Braj region and known as Brajbhasha. Being close to haryana and uttar pradesh haryanwi is spoken by people and very few people speak Punjabi. Before Hindi and until past few centuries, Brajbhasha used to be the dominant language in literature.
Mathura is one of the seven most holy places for Hindus in India.
- Ayodhyā Mathurā Māyā Kāsi Kāñchī Avantikā I
- Purī Dvārāvatī chaiva saptaitā moksadāyikāh II - Garuḍa Purāṇa I XVI .14
A Kṣetra is a sacred ground, a field of active power, a place where Moksha, final release can be obtained. The Garuda Purana enumerates seven cities as giver of Moksha, They are Ayodhya, Mathura, Māyā, Kāsi, Kāñchī, Avantikā, Puri and Dvārāvatī.
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS
All India Radio has a local station in Mathura which transmits various programs of mass interest. Commissioned in 2001, Mathura has a Programme generating Facility (PGF) of Doordarshan - India's Public service Broadcasters.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
GLA University, R.K. Group of Institutions (including Rajiv Academy For Technology & Management, Rajiv Academy For Teacher's Education, Rajiv Academy For Pharmacy, K.D. Dental College & Hospital, etc.) and BSA College of engineering and technology, Excel Institute of Management & Technology has been accorded as status of university). 40 engineering & management colleges had been established in Mathura up to 12-12-2009.
Mathura is home to the Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary University, the first of its kind in the state and the fourth in the country to be made independent veterinary universities."Mathura University ::-:: Website Loading". Upvetuniv.edu.in. Retrieved 2013-11-17.The college was established in 1947 by Govt of U.P. and it is Asia's first veterinary college which awarded Veterinary science degree. The University is located on the Mathura-Agra road, about 5 kilometres from Mathura Junction. The main campus of the University is spread over a land area of 3.1659 km2 in Mathura Cantt and about 6 km2 at Madhurikund, about 20 kilometres from the main campus.
WIKIPEDIA
Coast Guardsman Petty Officer 2nd Class Steve Jones, with the Coast Guard Maintenance Augmentation Team San Juan, hugs a resident after he and a team of volunteers delivered toys, supplies and other gifts to children and families, Naguabo, Puerto Rico, Dec. 23, 2017. Volunteers at the event included Coast Guard members who are stationed in San Juan, and members deployed on the island for the Hurricane Maria ESF-10 Puerto Rico response. The event with Proyecto Esparciendo AMOR benefited children and families affected by the hurricane; a caravan of volunteers traveled through the town, greeting families and passing out toys, children’s clothing, books, supplies, canned goods and other items. (U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Lisa Ferdinando)
Dismounted soldiers with 1st Platoon, 216th Mobile Augmentation Company, U.S. Army National Guard from Long Beach, Calif., walk along side of Highway 1 sweeping for any signs of emplaced improvised explosive devices while their up armored vehicles monitor the road during a mission Jan. 22. Engineers clear the roads for coalition forces using the routes to transport supplies and equipment between bases. (Photo by U.S. Army 1st Lt. Laura Beth Beebe, JTF Sapper Public Affairs)
U.S. Army Soldiers with the 316th Mobility Augmentation Company, Chattanooga, Tenn., take cover behind a Bradley Fighting Vehicle during a Combined Arms Breach exercise at Fort McCoy, Wis., August 23, 2015. The 84th Training Command’s third and final Combat Support Training Exercise of the year hosted by the 86th Training Division at Fort McCoy, Wis. is a multi-component and joint endeavor aligned with other reserve component exercises including Diamond Saber, Red Dragon, Trans Warrior, and Exportable Combat Training Capability. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Robert Farrell/Released)
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Recently, 28 Korean Augmentation to the United States Army or KATUSAs celebrated an end to their 2 years of military service during an ETS ceremony here at the post theater.
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CAMP RED CLOUD, South Korea – More than 50 Korean Augmentation to the United States Army Soldiers from 2nd Infantry Division successfully finished their 21 months of military service September 23, 2014 on Camp Red Cloud, South Korea. Out of those, 14 Soldiers were from 210th Field Artillery Brigade, 2nd Inf. Div. Lt. Col. Michael Kimball, the commander of 1st Battalion, 15th Field Artillery Regiment, 210th FA Bde., was present as the guest speaker for the ceremony. (U.S. Army photo by Cpl. Song Gun-woo, 210th Field Artillery Brigade Public Affairs/Released)
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