AmazonAWS, photos on Flickr

NASA's Mars Rover Curiosity acquired the above image (Figure 5) with Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) on Jan. 23, 2016 (Sol 1231) at Namib Dune in Bagnold dune field, Gale Crater, Mars. Most of the particles in this image are eroded ooids. Red lines mark some of the ooids. They measure 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm across. Image width: ~2.8 cm. Largest-sized figure:

www.flickr.com/photos/fossil_lin/30445875115/sizes/o/

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Image source:

www.flickr.com/photos/105796482@N04/24483811912/

NASA's image:

mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=7659

Context: Dump Pile B in

planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/4-mars/2016/2016...

More posts on Martian ooids: wretchfossil.blogspot.tw/search?q=ooids

Does anyone know if 2 of the Lego track links are equivilant in width to a 2 wide Brickmania track link? by Finn

3 6

BM 1 and 2 wide tracks: s3.amazonaws.com/ksr/assets/000/558/063/89d0ee2f90325738d... Lego 1x track link: thumbs3.ebaystatic.com/d/l225/m/mryW3UbKx8F5BjGJZqA3hWw.jpg

[Vyrl] 160119 CeCi Korea (Feb. 2016) - Irene and EXO Sehun by Red Velvet

1

SMTOWN Now Vyrl Update

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Colour pattern 18.3 by Steven Thompson

Colour pattern stretched with this nifty app by Dominic: waterfall-image-maker.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/

Finmere Station, Newton Purcell - 29 Aug 2021 by Cliff Jones Photographs

2

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2010 Printable Calendar: Parenthesis Design by Red Stamp

3

HQ PDF: s3.amazonaws.com/753cbd11df671a94ff2d86119d72aa2-images.r...

More of our calendars: redstamp.com/calendars

[Vyrl] 160119 CeCi Korea (Feb. 2016) - Irene by Red Velvet

1

SMTOWN Now Vyrl Update

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https___s3.amazonaws.com_uploads.thevendry.co_2807_1573576067487_JT0A9505 by Altman Sales

https _blueprint-api-production.s3.amazonaws.com_uploads_card_image_181664_GettyImages-586897178 by Ak Pk

2

2010 Printable Calendar: Black Damask Design by Red Stamp

4

HQ PDF: s3.amazonaws.com/753cbd11df671a94ff2d86119d72aa2-images.r...

More of our calendars: redstamp.com/calendars

Romantic Guide to Lost Places .... by Qi Bo (Ezio Famà)

4

……………………………….

Locandina:

bingeddata.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2021/01/romantic-guid...

www.imdb.com/it/title/tt12784484/mediaviewer/rm2907022337...

www.imdb.com/it/title/tt12784484/mediaviewer/rm2940576769...

www.primevideo.com/detail/Romantic-Guide-to-Lost-Places/0...

.............................................................................

click to activate the small icon of slideshow: the small triangle inscribed in the small rectangle, at the top right, in the photostream (it means the monitor);

or…. Press the “L” button to zoom in the image;

clicca sulla piccola icona per attivare lo slideshow: sulla facciata principale del photostream, in alto a destra c'è un piccolo rettangolo (rappresenta il monitor) con dentro un piccolo triangolo nero;

oppure…. premi il tasto “L” per ingrandire l'immagine;

Qi Bo's photos on Fluidr

Qi Bo's photos on Flickriver

www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-...

www.fotografidigitali.it/gallery/2726/opere-italiane-segn...

………………………………………………………………………

I'm sharing here on Flickr a (long) series of photos, taken in early August this year, during a short vacation in Calabria, at a holiday village located near a beach I've been frequenting with my family for several years now, during our short summer vacations. The setting, however, is very different from the beaches I normally frequent near my home in Taormina, with very crowded beaches and a sea that is also very popular with yachtsmen of all kinds. In this part of Calabria, the beaches are rarely crowded (except on weekends, but not too much). In short, it's a sort of almost tropical paradise, with very little yachting. Adjacent to the holiday village is a kitesurfing club, very popular with enthusiasts of this wonderful sport, which thrives on the sea and the wind. I photographed an 84-year-old kitesurfer, whose mettle is steely, still giving athletes much younger than him a run for their money. A friendly and sweet horsewoman from the nearby stables arrived unexpectedly in the beach village, accompanied by her father, both astride two magnificent colts. This created a moment of joy and curiosity for both the parents and their little ones, who were likely seeing these magnificent and docile animals up close and personal for the first time. Unexpectedly, a very special party broke out on the beach. Seeing it made me feel like I was no longer in Calabria, but rather transported to the other side of the globe, to the Hindu festival called Holi, with its throwing of colored powders (in India, this festival marks the end of winter and the arrival of spring, as well as symbolizing the victory of good over evil). I know it thanks to the evocative photographs often published on various photography websites.

I'll end by briefly mentioning the photographic technique I've often used in my photographs. I've created "blur" photographs—blurry, slightly blurry, and unfocused—at the time of shooting, simply by lengthening the exposure time and then also using some panning. Finally, I'd like to thank the sweet and beautiful models who posed for me, allowing me to further enhance this (long-winded) photographic story.

………………………………………………………………………..

Propongo qui su Flickr, una (lunga) serie di foto, realizzate nei primi giorni di Agosto di quest’anno, durante una mia breve vacanza in Calabria, in un villaggio vacanze sito a ridosso di una spiaggia che oramai frequento insieme alla mia famiglia, durante le nostre brevi vacanze estive, da diversi anni, fotografie quindi aventi per tema la “beach photography”; purtuttavia l’ambientazione è molto diversa rispetto alle spiagge che frequento normalmente vicino casa mia a Taormina, con spiagge molto affollate, il mare anch’esso super frequentato da diportismo nautico di ogni tipo, in questa zona della Calabria le spiagge sono invece poco frequentate (tranne il fine settimana, ma neanche troppo), insomma, una specie di Paradiso quasi tropicale, con pochissime imbarcazioni. Adiacente al villaggio vacanze c’è un club di Kitesurf, molto frequentato da appassionati di questo meraviglioso sport, sport che si nutre di mare e di vento. Ho fotografato un kitesurfer di 84 anni, la cui tempra è di acciaio, che dà ancora molto filo da torcere ad atleti molto più giovani di lui. Nel villaggio a sorpresa è arrivata una simpatica e dolce cavallerizza proveniente dal vicino maneggio, con lei anche il suo papà, entrambi a cavallo di due magnifici puledri, creando un momento di allegria e curiosità, sia per i genitori, che per i loro piccoli, per i quali, molto probabilmente, era la prima volta che potevano vedere da vicino, e poterli anche toccare, questi magnifici e docili animali. A sorpresa, inaspettatamente, sulla spiaggia ha preso vita un party molto particolare, nel vederlo mi sembrava di non essere più in Calabria, ma di essere stato proiettato dall’altro lato del globo, in quella festa Indù chiamata Holi, con lancio di polveri colorate (in India questa festa segna la fine dell'inverno e l'arrivo della primavera, oltre a simboleggiare la vittoria del bene sul male), festa che conosco grazie a fotografie molto suggestive spesso pubblicate sui vari siti fotografici.

Termino accennando brevemente alla tecnica fotografica che ho spesso adottato nel realizzare le mie fotografie, ho realizzato al momento dello scatto fotografie del tipo “blur”, cioè mosse, un po’ confuse, non incise, ottenute allungando i tempi di esposizione. Infine ringrazio le dolcissime e belle modelle, che hanno voluto posare per me, consentendomi di rendere più grazioso questo mio (prolisso) racconto fotografico.

………………………………………………………………………………

Finmere Station, Newton Purcell - 29 Aug 2021 by Cliff Jones Photographs

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The Honourable Edward Wodehouse M.C. 16th Lancers Killed in Action, France 1918 by Moominpappa06

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In Memory of

Sec.Lieut.

THE HON.EDWARD WODEHOUSE M.C.

16TH LANCERS

Who was Killed in Action on

March 30th 1918 in France

Aged 19

Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori

WODEHOUSE, The Hon. EDWARD

Rank:…………………........Second Lieutenant

Date of Death:…………30/03/1918

Age:…………………….......19

Regiment:……………......16th (The Queen's) Lancers

Awards:………………........M C

Panel Reference:………Panel 5.

Memorial:……………........POZIERES MEMORIAL

Additional Information:

Son of 2nd Earl of Kimberley, of Kimberley House, Wymondham, Norfolk, and of Countess of Kimberley. Educated at Eton.

CWGC: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/851522/WODEHOUSE,%20T...

Second Lieutenant the Hon. Edward Wodehouse was Killed in Action on the 30th March 1918 serving with the 16th (The Queens) Lancers. As with all Officers there are no place of birth or residence details shown on SDGW.

The Medal Index Card for Second Lieutenant Edward Wodehouse, 16th Lancers is held at the National Archive under reference WO 372/22/34939

discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D5967707

No obvious Civil Probate for this man.

No match on Picture Norfolk

This site gives his date of birth as the 12th April 1898.

www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/kimberley1866.htm

The Panel on the Pozieres Memorial can be seen here:-

s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/find-a-grave-prod/photos/2013/...

Page 55 of a catalogue for a sale of paintings and prints by Dominic Winter Book Auctions on the 14th July 2010 has a portrait of Edward, painted in 1917.

issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/21._dominic_winter_-_fine_art

Edward is also remembered on the Wymondham Great War Memorial.

He and his brother Philip also apparently on the Carleton Forehoe War Memorial but I’ve not seen that yet, (September 2016)

1898 - Birth

The birth of an Edward Wodehouse was recorded in the Smallburgh District of Norfolk in the Apil to June quarter, (Q2), of 1898.

1901 Census of England and Wales

The 2 year old Edward Wodehouse, born Witton, Smallburgh, Norfolk, was recorded living at Witton Hall. This was the household of his parents, John, Lord Wodehouse, (aged 52, Peers eldest son, Living on Own Means, born Mary-le-bone, London) and Isabel G, (aged 47 and born Brighton, Sussex). As well as Edward also living with them is their daughter Isabel, (12, born Witton, Norfolk). In addition to their children there is also a visitor and a Governess, plus 10 live in servants.

1911 Census of England and Wales

The 12 year old Honourable Edward Wodehouse, (aged 12 and born Witton, Norfolk), was recorded as a boarding school student at Ludgrove, New Barnet, Middlesex.

His father was by now the 3rd Earl of Kimberley. He was recorded staying as a visitor at Colney Hall, on the nearby outskirts of Norwich, along with his eldest son, John.

On the day

The Battle of Moreuil Wood (30 March 1918) was an engagement of World War I that took place on the banks of the Arve River in France, where the Canadian Cavalry Brigade attacked and forced the German 23rd Saxon Division to withdraw from Moreuil Wood, a commanding position on the river bank. This defeat at the hands of the Allies contributed to the halt of the German Spring Offensive of 1918. During the battle, a Victoria Cross was awarded to Canadian Gordon Flowerdew of Lord Strathcona's Horse.

On 23 March the German forces broke through to the village of Ham, and the 3rd Cavalry Division, commanded by Brigadier-General A.E.W. Harman, was ordered to the village of Bouchoire along with 200 men from the Canadian Cavalry Brigade. As the German advance moved onwards, the newly formed force fought actions at Cugny, Villeselve, La Neuville-en-Beine and Beaumont-en-Beine. On 26 March, the enemy broke through the lines, and Allied forces began a withdrawal with the force under Harman conducting rearguard actions. By this time, the German advance had penetrated up to 45 kilometres (28 mi) into Allied positions; however, by this time supply lines were beginning to be stretched, and Ludendorff diverted his objectives and thus lost some momentum of his attack while he attempted to drive a wedge through between British and French forces.
By 30 March the attack was renewed; however, by this time the Allied forces had rallied and received reinforcements. By the morning of 30 March, the German 23rd Saxon Division had occupied the Moreuil Woods overlooking the River Arve and controlling the Amiens–Paris railway.

At 08:30 on 30 March, General Seely and his aides travelled towards the Moreuil Woods from where his forces were stationed on the other side of the River Avre, with orders to cross the river and delay the enemy advance as much as possible.[1] At 09:30, upon reaching the wood, having received fire from German forces that were occupying it, Seely ordered The Royal Canadian Dragoons to send sections to protect the village of Moreuil, while other sections were to seize the northeast corner of the wood itself. While this was being undertaken, Lord Strathcona's Horse was ordered to occupy the southeast face of the wood and disperse any German units found there (both the Royal Canadian Dragoons and Lord Strathcona’s Horse were two units making up the Canadian Cavalry Brigade).

The remaining squadrons of the Canadian Cavalry Brigade were ordered to enter the wood from the northwest, and sweep through it towards the eastern face where Lord Strathcona’s Horse was awaiting them. After being driven back from their first assault by machine gun fire, the cavalry units dismounted and proceeded to attack a second time with fixed bayonets, driving German forces from the edge of the wood and into its centre. Hand-to-hand fighting broke out in several locations with swords and pistols as Allied forces fought through the German 101st Grenadiers, who became disorganised and demoralised.

Inside the Moreuil wood

As Canadian cavalry fought through the wood, they were channelled eastwards by German machine gun fire. Simultaneously, units of the Royal Canadian Dragoons were forced to wheel into the woods at the north due to German attack. This battle quickly became a series of separate engagements due to the nature of the battlefield, with units separated and dispersed inside the German formations, and the fact that horses were ineffective in the woodland led to the pace of the battle slowing down considerably.

By this time, the remainder of the 3rd Cavalry had crossed the river and was distributed around the wood to support various Canadian forces currently engaged with German forces, many of these reinforcements were instructed to dismount before entering the battle. At this time, units from Lord Strathcona's Horse were formed into scouting teams of around ten men each and sent to discover details about the enemy forces and positions.
The commander of 'C' Squadron Lord Strathcona's Horse, Lieutenant Gordon Flowerdew, ordered his forces to secure the northeast corner then report back to him. Flowerdew was then ordered to cut off the German forces who were retreating to the east in the face of the Allied forces advancing through the wood. During this time, the forces dispatched by Flowerdew to the northeast corner ambushed and killed German forces looting from a French wagon, then dismounted and entered the wood under fire. Flowerdew arrived, assessed the situation, and decided that his unit would move to cut off the German retreat while the other section would help to drive the Germans from the wood.

There were six squadrons of cavalry in the wood at this point. Aeroplanes from the Royal Flying Corps were also attacking German forces from overhead, dropping 109 bombs and firing 17,000 bullets. Cavalry forces approached the southwest corner of the woods, coming under heavy fire and suffering heavy casualties, and they were forced to halt temporarily. Flowerdew reached high ground at the northeast corner of the wood just in time to encounter a 300-strong German force from the 101st Grenadiers, who were withdrawing. Flowerdew ordered, "It's a charge boys, it's a charge!" however, the bugle call was silenced by German fire before it was even sounded. During the charge, both sides were decimated, with only 51 of his unit still alive. Flowerdew died of his wounds the next day at No. 41 Casualty Clearing Station.

By 11:00 only the southern point of the wood was still occupied by German forces. With reinforcements arriving for the British, Seely ordered the remaining Germans to be driven away. Seely ordered British artillery fire into the wood to cease so he could operate without fear of friendly fire. The Germans were routed from the wood, and the day ended with 305 Allied casualties but the wood was in Allied hands.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moreuil_Wood

By about 1100 hours, the only enemy remaining in the wood were at the extreme southern point. Fortunately reinforcements arrived from the British 3rd Cavalry Brigade under Brigadier General Bell-Smyth. Seely met Lieutenant-Colonel Geoffrey Brooke, the commanding officer of the leading Regiment, the 16th Lancers. Brooke was well known to Seely, having recently been the Brigade Major of the Canadian Cavalry Brigade.

Seely moved forward with the Lancers and ordered Brooke to drive the remaining Germans, about 200, from the wood. Within a short time the wood was completely cleared and the remaining Regiments of 3rd Cavalry Brigade, the 4th Hussars and 5th Lancers, moved into the west side of the wood.

The only remaining threat was artillery fire: German and British guns were firing into the wood. Harvey sent several messages to the British battery commander which finally silenced the guns. The crew of one German gun was stopped by very accurate rifle fire. Regardless, German artillery fire continued throughout the day.

www.thedonovan.com/archives/historystuff/the_battle_of_mo...

archive.org/stream/TheLastGreatCavalryCharge-MoreuilWoodR...

The 16th and the 4th Hussars were sent to the South East of the Wood to clear the wood as it could threaten the flank of the defensive line. The Canadians were supported by A & C Squadron, 16th LCRS/4th Hussars.

In the action the regiment was almost destroyed, there was one man leading four horses. It was then reinforced by the Leicester Yeomanry.

1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?/topic/112273...

Lieutenant Gordon Muriel Flowerdew who led the Canadian charge was originally from Billingford, Norfolk. He emigrated to Canada in 1903 after attending Framlingham College. He would die from his wounds on the day after the charge.

www.oldframlinghamian.com/images/articles/LIEUTENANTGORDO...

From “Scarlet Lancers: The story of the 16th/5th The Queens Royal Lancers 1689-1992” by James Lunt.

Although the cavalry’s role was restricted, there were a few instances when the horse came into its own. One such occasion was the charge of Lord Strathcona’s Horse (a Canadian Regiment) at Moreuil Wood on 30 March 1918 when the Canadians counter-attacked the German advance and stopped them from breaking through. The Canadians suffered heavy casualties, as might be expected from horsed soldiers attacking infantry, but at a critical moment the 3rd Cavalry Brigade came to their support. In the lead were the 16th Lancers commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Geoffrey Brook. He had been Brigade Major of the Canadian Cavalry Brigade before his appointment to command the 16th Lancers and the Canadians regarded him as one of themselves. Imperturbable under fire, Brooke could see that enemy reinforcements were infiltrating into Moreuil Wood and extending the right flank outside the wood. He led the 16th Lancers in a dismounted attack against the southern corner of the wood, while the 4th Hussars operated mounted on his flank. The attack was successful but there was bitter fighting in the wood.

books.google.co.uk/books?id=d3d-AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112-IA4...

Winnebago County Courthouse, Forest City, IA by Tim Stewart

2

**Winnebago County Courthouse** - National Register of Historic Places Ref # 81000275, date listed 7/2/1981

J St.

Forest City, IA (Winnebago County)

Funds raised through local subscriptions were used to build the present Winnebago County courthouse. The construction began in 1894 and was completed by 1896. The brick structure with its tall outstanding clock tower cost approximately $25,000 to erect. (1)

References (1) NRHP Nomination Form s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg...

Rimini, Italy 2016 © Plabo.net #PlaboPhotography https://buffer-media-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/5437a7810f3c5a1f6021e330/5759650da7309b6e72bec293/1338465de5f34ac24d66f55e1629e2fa.original.jpg by Plamen Angelov

by Plabo (Plamen Angelov)

view more of my work on: www.plabo.net

[Vyrl] 160119 CeCi Korea (Feb. 2016) - Irene and EXO Sehun by Red Velvet

1

SMTOWN Now Vyrl Update

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Romantic Guide to Lost Places .... by Qi Bo (Ezio Famà)

4

……………………………….

Locandina:

bingeddata.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2021/01/romantic-guid...

www.imdb.com/it/title/tt12784484/mediaviewer/rm2907022337...

www.imdb.com/it/title/tt12784484/mediaviewer/rm2940576769...

www.primevideo.com/detail/Romantic-Guide-to-Lost-Places/0...

.............................................................................

click to activate the small icon of slideshow: the small triangle inscribed in the small rectangle, at the top right, in the photostream (it means the monitor);

or…. Press the “L” button to zoom in the image;

clicca sulla piccola icona per attivare lo slideshow: sulla facciata principale del photostream, in alto a destra c'è un piccolo rettangolo (rappresenta il monitor) con dentro un piccolo triangolo nero;

oppure…. premi il tasto “L” per ingrandire l'immagine;

Qi Bo's photos on Fluidr

Qi Bo's photos on Flickriver

www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-...

www.fotografidigitali.it/gallery/2726/opere-italiane-segn...

………………………………………………………………………

I'm sharing here on Flickr a (long) series of photos, taken in early August this year, during a short vacation in Calabria, at a holiday village located near a beach I've been frequenting with my family for several years now, during our short summer vacations. The setting, however, is very different from the beaches I normally frequent near my home in Taormina, with very crowded beaches and a sea that is also very popular with yachtsmen of all kinds. In this part of Calabria, the beaches are rarely crowded (except on weekends, but not too much). In short, it's a sort of almost tropical paradise, with very little yachting. Adjacent to the holiday village is a kitesurfing club, very popular with enthusiasts of this wonderful sport, which thrives on the sea and the wind. I photographed an 84-year-old kitesurfer, whose mettle is steely, still giving athletes much younger than him a run for their money. A friendly and sweet horsewoman from the nearby stables arrived unexpectedly in the beach village, accompanied by her father, both astride two magnificent colts. This created a moment of joy and curiosity for both the parents and their little ones, who were likely seeing these magnificent and docile animals up close and personal for the first time. Unexpectedly, a very special party broke out on the beach. Seeing it made me feel like I was no longer in Calabria, but rather transported to the other side of the globe, to the Hindu festival called Holi, with its throwing of colored powders (in India, this festival marks the end of winter and the arrival of spring, as well as symbolizing the victory of good over evil). I know it thanks to the evocative photographs often published on various photography websites.

I'll end by briefly mentioning the photographic technique I've often used in my photographs. I've created "blur" photographs—blurry, slightly blurry, and unfocused—at the time of shooting, simply by lengthening the exposure time and then also using some panning. Finally, I'd like to thank the sweet and beautiful models who posed for me, allowing me to further enhance this (long-winded) photographic story.

………………………………………………………………………..

Propongo qui su Flickr, una (lunga) serie di foto, realizzate nei primi giorni di Agosto di quest’anno, durante una mia breve vacanza in Calabria, in un villaggio vacanze sito a ridosso di una spiaggia che oramai frequento insieme alla mia famiglia, durante le nostre brevi vacanze estive, da diversi anni, fotografie quindi aventi per tema la “beach photography”; purtuttavia l’ambientazione è molto diversa rispetto alle spiagge che frequento normalmente vicino casa mia a Taormina, con spiagge molto affollate, il mare anch’esso super frequentato da diportismo nautico di ogni tipo, in questa zona della Calabria le spiagge sono invece poco frequentate (tranne il fine settimana, ma neanche troppo), insomma, una specie di Paradiso quasi tropicale, con pochissime imbarcazioni. Adiacente al villaggio vacanze c’è un club di Kitesurf, molto frequentato da appassionati di questo meraviglioso sport, sport che si nutre di mare e di vento. Ho fotografato un kitesurfer di 84 anni, la cui tempra è di acciaio, che dà ancora molto filo da torcere ad atleti molto più giovani di lui. Nel villaggio a sorpresa è arrivata una simpatica e dolce cavallerizza proveniente dal vicino maneggio, con lei anche il suo papà, entrambi a cavallo di due magnifici puledri, creando un momento di allegria e curiosità, sia per i genitori, che per i loro piccoli, per i quali, molto probabilmente, era la prima volta che potevano vedere da vicino, e poterli anche toccare, questi magnifici e docili animali. A sorpresa, inaspettatamente, sulla spiaggia ha preso vita un party molto particolare, nel vederlo mi sembrava di non essere più in Calabria, ma di essere stato proiettato dall’altro lato del globo, in quella festa Indù chiamata Holi, con lancio di polveri colorate (in India questa festa segna la fine dell'inverno e l'arrivo della primavera, oltre a simboleggiare la vittoria del bene sul male), festa che conosco grazie a fotografie molto suggestive spesso pubblicate sui vari siti fotografici.

Termino accennando brevemente alla tecnica fotografica che ho spesso adottato nel realizzare le mie fotografie, ho realizzato al momento dello scatto fotografie del tipo “blur”, cioè mosse, un po’ confuse, non incise, ottenute allungando i tempi di esposizione. Infine ringrazio le dolcissime e belle modelle, che hanno voluto posare per me, consentendomi di rendere più grazioso questo mio (prolisso) racconto fotografico.

………………………………………………………………………………

3,922,265 11 Oct 2018 by Duckwailk 2017

www.fiftyyearfight.org

Time Line

nuk-tnl-editorial-prod-staticassets.s3.amazonaws.com/2014...

History

Thalidomide was created by Grünenthal in 1953 and was used in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a "wonder drug" to treat morning sickness, headaches, coughs, insomnia and colds. Thalidomide was marketed in the UK under the name Distaval in 1958, and advertisements emphasized the drug's complete safety, using phrases such as “non-toxic” and “no known toxicity”.

However, in 1961 an Australian doctor, William McBride, wrote to the Lancet after noticing an increase in deformed babies being born at his hospital – all to mothers who had taken Thalidomide.

Between 1958 and 1962 tens of thousands of women throughout Europe found that the baby they were carrying unaccountably miscarried, or, worse, after they gave birth were told it was stillborn. Thousands more discovered that their babies had severe birth defects, missing arms, legs, or with severe reductions to these limbs, or even worse, damage to their internal organs, brain, heart, kidneys, intestines, genitals, etc. During 1962 record keepers began to count all of the children living who were born damaged by the drug. The only complete records are of those who survived long enough to participate in the national compensation schemes, which were established in Germany, Britain, Japan, Sweden and Australia in the 1970s. The difficulty in uncovering the full toll of the disaster begins with the unknown numbers of miscarriages and stillbirths (possibly up to ten times the number of live births), and the widespread practice of infanticide.

The Thalidomide injuries did not stop once the babies were born. At the age of fifty, the Thalidomide Trust’s records show that around half of all survivors are coping with chronic pain – mainly from muscles and joints (musculo-skeletal pain), largely as a result of the challenges of living with missing or damaged limbs. For many, their bodies are deteriorating far faster than able-bodied people. Several have been told words to the effect “your body is getting the problems of someone in their seventies”, which at forty to fifty years of age is not good news. At least a quarter are coping with developing neurological problems, tingling, numbness, and pain in their affected limbs. This means that a person may be holding a cup, for instance, and the next thing they know is it has fallen to the floor and broken, because of the numbness in their hand. For these survivors, the disaster is still slowly unfolding in their day-to-day lives.

Grünenthal scientists were not only negligent in failing to withdraw the drug when reports of problems came in, or for failing to test it according to the standards of the time, but more than most companies they were very well placed to anticipate the possibility that Thalidomide would cause birth defects.

Grünenthal initially denied claims that the drug hadn’t been extensively tested according to the standards of the time, but once the scandal became undeniable, they sought to deflect blame and limit damage.

In 1961 Thalidomide was eventually withdrawn after being found to be a teratogan - a cause of birth defects. 12 years later, the UK company Distillers Biochemicals Limited (now Diageo) – which was responsible for distributing the drug in the UK – reached a compensation settlement following a legal battle by the families of those affected.

Based on incomplete medical evidence and unrealistic expectations of Thalidomide survivors future needs this settlement has turned out to be at an inadequate level. With all Thalidomide survivors in the UK now over the age of 50, it is no longer sufficient to deal with their rising cost of living, and the dramatic deterioration of their health.

To this day, Grünenthal have never accepted responsibility for the suffering caused by Thalidomide. On September 1st 2012, The Grünenthal Group released a statement containing an apology, stating that it "regrets" the consequences of the drug, which led to babies being born without limbs during the 1950s and 1960s. Although the statement was welcomed by some Thalidomide survivors, it is still not an acceptance of responsibility. They just want to live a comfortable life, and that means Grünenthal should be held accountable and pay for their mistake financially.

Spanish

Historia

La talidomida fue creado por Grünenthal en 1953 y fue utilizado a finales de 1950 y principios de 1960 como una "droga milagrosa" para el tratamiento de las náuseas, dolores de cabeza, tos, insomnio y resfriados. La talidomida fue comercializada en el Reino Unido bajo el nombre Distaval en 1958, y destacó los anuncios de seguridad completa del medicamento, utilizando frases como "no tóxico" y "no hay toxicidad conocida".

Sin embargo, en 1961 un médico australiano, William McBride, escribió a la revista The Lancet después de notar un aumento en los bebés que nacen deformes en su hospital - todo a las madres que habían tomado Talidomida.

Entre 1958 y 1962, decenas de miles de mujeres de toda Europa descubrieron que el bebé que llevaban inexplicablemente abortado, o, peor aún, después de dar a luz se les dijo que estaba muerto. Miles de personas descubrieron que sus bebés nacieron con defectos congénitos graves, los brazos, las piernas, que faltan o con reducciones severas a estos miembros, o peor aún, el daño a sus órganos internos, cerebro, corazón, riñones, intestinos, genitales, etc Durante 1962 guardianes de los registros empezó a contar toda la vida los niños que nacieron dañado por la droga. Los únicos registros completos son de los que sobrevivieron lo suficiente como para participar en los sistemas nacionales de indemnización, que se establecieron en Alemania, Gran Bretaña, Japón, Suecia y Australia en la década de 1970. La dificultad para descubrir el número de víctimas del desastre comienza con los números desconocidos de abortos involuntarios y mortinatos (posiblemente hasta diez veces el número de nacidos vivos), y la práctica generalizada del infanticidio.

Las lesiones de la talidomida no se detuvo una vez que los bebés nacieron. A la edad de cincuenta años, los registros de la confianza talidomida muestran que cerca de la mitad de todos los sobrevivientes están lidiando con el dolor crónico - principalmente de músculos y articulaciones (dolor musculoesquelético), en gran parte como resultado de los desafíos de vivir con la falta o ramas dañadas. Para muchos, sus cuerpos se deterioran mucho más rápido que las personas sanas. Algunos han dicho palabras en el sentido de "su cuerpo está recibiendo los problemas de alguien en los setenta", que a los cuarenta o cincuenta años de edad no es una buena noticia. Al menos una cuarta están lidiando con el desarrollo de problemas neurológicos, hormigueo, entumecimiento y dolor en las extremidades afectadas. Esto significa que una persona puede ser la celebración de una taza, por ejemplo, y lo siguiente que sé es que ha caído al suelo y se rompe, debido a la sensación de adormecimiento en la mano. Para estos sobrevivientes, el desastre está siendo poco a poco se desarrolla en su día a día.

Grünenthal científicos no sólo fueron negligentes al no haber retirado la droga cuando los informes de problemas de vino, o por no probarlo de acuerdo a los estándares de la época, pero más que la mayoría de las empresas que estaban muy bien situados para prever la posibilidad de que la talidomida haría causar defectos de nacimiento.

Grünenthal inicialmente negó las acusaciones de que el medicamento no ha sido ampliamente probado de acuerdo con los estándares de la época, pero una vez que el escándalo se hizo innegable, trataron de desviar la culpa y limitar el daño.

En 1961, la talidomida fue finalmente retirada después de haber sido encontrado para ser un teratogan - una de las causas de los defectos congénitos. 12 años después, el Reino Unido, Distillers Company Limited (ahora Bioquímicos Diageo) - encargada de la distribución de la droga en el Reino Unido - llegó a un acuerdo de compensación después de una batalla legal por las familias de los afectados.

Sobre la base de evidencia incompleta médica y expectativas poco realistas de la talidomida futuro sobrevivientes necesita esta solución ha resultado ser en un nivel adecuado. Con todos los sobrevivientes de la talidomida en el Reino Unido ahora más de 50 años de edad, ya no es suficiente para hacer frente a su creciente costo de vida, y el dramático deterioro de su salud.

A día de hoy, Grünenthal nunca ha aceptado la responsabilidad por el sufrimiento causado por la talidomida. El 1 de septiembre de 2012, el Grupo Grünenthal emitió una declaración que contenga una disculpa, diciendo que "lamenta" las consecuencias de la droga, lo que llevó a los bebés que nacen sin extremidades durante los años 1950 y 1960. Aunque la declaración fue bien recibida por algunos sobrevivientes de la talidomida, no es todavía una aceptación de responsabilidad. Ellos sólo quieren vivir una vida cómoda, y eso quiere decir Grünenthal deben rendir cuentas y pagar por su error financieramente.

Italian

Storia

La talidomide è stato creato da Grünenthal nel 1953 ed è stato utilizzato alla fine del 1950 e 1960 come un "farmaco miracoloso" per curare la malattia di mattina, mal di testa, tosse, insonnia e raffreddori. La talidomide è stato commercializzato nel Regno Unito con il nome di Distaval nel 1958, e la pubblicità ha sottolineato sicurezza del farmaco, con frasi come "non tossico" e "nessuna tossicità conosciuto".

Tuttavia, nel 1961 un medico australiano, William McBride, ha scritto al Lancet dopo aver notato un aumento delle nascite di bimbi malformati essendo nati a suo ospedale - tutti da madri che avevano assunto talidomide.

Tra il 1958 e il 1962 decine di migliaia di donne in tutta Europa ha scoperto che il bambino che portavano inspiegabilmente abortito, o, peggio, dopo che ha dato alla luce hanno detto che era morto. Altre migliaia hanno scoperto che i loro bambini hanno gravi difetti di nascita, braccia, gambe, mancanti o con gravi riduzioni a queste arti, o peggio ancora, danni ai loro organi interni, cervello, cuore, reni, intestino, genitali, ecc Nel 1962 custodi record cominciò a contare tutta la vita i bambini che sono nati danneggiati dal farmaco. Le uniche registrazioni complete sono di coloro che sono sopravvissuti abbastanza a lungo per partecipare ai sistemi di indennizzo nazionali, che sono stati stabiliti in Germania, Gran Bretagna, Giappone, Svezia e Australia nel 1970. La difficoltà nello scoprire il bilancio del disastro inizia con i numeri sconosciuti di aborti spontanei e nati morti (forse fino a dieci volte il numero di nati vivi), e la pratica diffusa di infanticidio.

Le lesioni Talidomide non si è fermata una volta che i bambini sono nati. All'età di 50, del Trust talidomide i tabulati mostrano che circa la metà di tutti i sopravvissuti stanno affrontando con dolore cronico - principalmente da muscoli e le articolazioni (il dolore muscoloscheletrico), soprattutto a causa delle sfide della vita con mancanti o arti danneggiati. Per molti, i loro corpi si stanno deteriorando molto più veloce di persone abili. Molti hanno detto parole per l'effetto "il tuo corpo è sempre il problema di qualcuno nei loro anni settanta", che a 40-50 anni di età non è una buona notizia. Almeno un quarto stanno affrontando con lo sviluppo di problemi neurologici, formicolio, intorpidimento e dolore a carico degli arti colpiti. Ciò significa che una persona può essere in possesso di un tazza, per esempio, e la prossima cosa che so è che è caduto a terra e rotto, a causa del torpore in mano. Per questi sopravvissuti, il disastro è ancora lentamente svolgendo nel loro giorno per giorno la vita.

Grünenthal scienziati non erano solo negligenza nel non ritirare il farmaco quando i report di problemi è venuto in, o per non aver testarlo secondo gli standard del tempo, ma più che la maggior parte delle aziende erano molto ben disposti ad anticipare la possibilità che Thalidomide avrebbe causare difetti di nascita.

Grünenthal inizialmente smentito che il farmaco non era stato ampiamente testati secondo gli standard del tempo, ma una volta che lo scandalo è diventata innegabile, hanno cercato di deviare la colpa e di limitare i danni.

Nel 1961 talidomide è stata infine ritirata dopo essere stato trovato per essere un teratogan - una causa di difetti di nascita. 12 anni dopo, i Distillers Company Limited, Regno Unito Biochemicals (ora Diageo) - incaricata di distribuire il farmaco nel Regno Unito - ha raggiunto un accordo di compensazione a seguito di una battaglia legale da parte delle famiglie delle persone colpite.

Sulla base di prove mediche incomplete e le aspettative non realistiche del futuro Thalidomide sopravvissuti ha bisogno di questa soluzione si è rivelata essere ad un livello insufficiente. Con tutti i sopravvissuti Talidomide nel Regno Unito ora di età superiore ai 50 anni, non è più sufficiente per affrontare la loro crescente costo della vita, e il drammatico deterioramento della loro salute.

Fino ad oggi, la Grünenthal non hanno mai accettato la responsabilità per la sofferenza causata dal talidomide. Il 1 ° settembre 2012, il Gruppo Grünenthal ha rilasciato una dichiarazione che contiene delle scuse, affermando che esso "deplora" le conseguenze della droga, che ha portato a bambini nati senza arti nel corso del 1950 e 1960. Anche se la dichiarazione è stata accolta da alcuni sopravvissuti talidomide, non è ancora una assunzione di responsabilità. Vogliono solo vivere una vita comoda, e questo significa che Grünenthal dovrebbero essere ritenuti responsabili e pagare per il loro errore finanziario.

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