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Pterophyllum scalare, most commonly referred to as angelfish or freshwater angelfish, is the most common species of Pterophyllum kept in captivity. It is native to the Amazon Basin in Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. Particularly to the Ucayali river in Peru, the Oyapock River in French Guiana, the Essequibo River in Guyana, the Solimões, the Amapá, and the Amazon rivers in Brazil. It is found in swamps or flooded grounds where vegetation is dense and the water is either clear or silty. Its native water conditions range from a pH of 6.0 to 7.0, a water hardness range of 3 to 10 °dH, and water temperature ranging from 26 to 30 °C (75 to 86 °F). This is the species of angelfish most frequently found in the aquarium trade. A similar (cross-breeding possible) P. scalare exists in the Orinoco. They are of the same size and shape, the only difference being its stripes: the Orinoco P. scalare has thinner, but dual stripes.
As in many aquarium fishes, inbreeding is a problem. All strange colours are due to heavy inbreeding. In the wild this species is as strong as most other cichlids of similar weight, but strong individuals are very rare in today's aquarium trade. Hence P. scalare should not be kept together with other South American cichlids. If the water isn't "hard" (max. 10 dGH, pH-level matters less for breeding, but should always be between 6.0 and 7.5), this fish breeds very easily after raising the temperature (typically from 26–27 °C to 29–30 °C), but eggs may die and their fry are extremely sensitive to water changes of all kinds for several weeks.
First described by Liechtenstein in 1823, First import to Europe (Germany) by C.Ziggelkow, Hamburg in 1909.
This fish is a resident of Brighton's Sealife centre which has original Victorian architecture of the oldest operating aquarium in the world. Based opposite the iconic pier, SEA LIFE Brighton was built in 1872 and features 3,500 mesmerising creatures including inquisitive sea turtles and magnificent magnificent sharks.
Here at SEA LIFE Brighton visitors can see them all - from the curious and the rescued to the rare and the enigmatic.
Here in the Rainforest Adventure visitors step out of the Victorian Arcade and into the hot and humid rainforest to experience what life is like beneath the tropical treetops. Winding through the roots and tree trunks, rainforest rivers are home to some spectacular fish. Through the roots of a giant tree an Anaconda welcomes you to her home. A trail leads visitors towards a mystical ruined temple where magical Water dragons, colourful Poison Dart Frogs and fearsome Piranhas reside. Around 58,0000 square miles of forest are lost each year to deforestation. That's equivalent to 36 football pitches each minute!
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterophyllum_scalare
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Dr. Bruce McIntosh examines a patient during a free medical clinic offered by volunteers from the Methodist Church in Brazil and the Florida Conference of The United Methodist Church in Murutinga, Brazil. Photo by Mike DuBose, UMNS.
Despite spending thousands of dollars on Amazon US, I am unable to leave a review for an item on Amazon Australia as I have to spend $50 for that privilege...
Nice going Amazon! NOT.
Amazon Australia is a MASSIVE failure.
The "Amazones de la Confrérie des Gardians" perform a carousel in the Roman Arena of Arles, France. This is to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Mireille, the famous poem of Frederic Mistral.
Frédéric Mistral (September 8, 1830?March 25, 1914) was a French poet who led the 19th century revival of Occitan (Provençal) language and literature. He was a key figure in the literary félibrige movement. He shared the Nobel Prize in literature in 1904 for his contributions in literature and philology. The "Amazones de la Confrérie des Gardians" perform a carousel in the Roman Arena of Arles, France. This is to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Mireille, the famous poetry of Frederic Mistral. Frédéric Mistral (September 8, 1830?March 25, 1914) was a French poet who led the 19th century revival of Occitan (Provençal) language and literature. He was a key figure in the literary félibrige movement. He shared the Nobel Prize in literature in 1904 for his contributions in literature and philology.
Mireille is also an opera in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Michel Carré after Frédéric Mistral's poem Mireio. Gounod was charmed by the originality of the work, the story being much less contrived than many of those on the operatic stage at the time. During the course of composition Gounod spent much time in Provence (12 March to the end of May 1863), visiting the sites of the action in the poem/opera, and met Mistral on several occasions at his home in Maillane. Gounod stayed at the Hôtel de la Ville Vert in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, and was treated to a banquet by the townspeople on May 26. Presenting class differences in a rural setting was not usual at the time, and as Huebner comments "some early reviewers had difficulty accepting that a 'mere' country girl could sing a heroic aria such as "En marche". It has been argued that "what matters in this extended lyric poem is not the story but the rich tapestry or Provençal traditions, beliefs and customs"
Chloroceryle amazona
martín pescador amazónico
Finca La Rana, Cureña
Historia Natural
Reproducción
Su nido consiste en una cavidad sin revestir, ubicada en un banco de tierra cerca de un río o quebrada. Este mide de 1.2 a 1.5 m. de longitud, de 4 a 3 de ancho y de 10 a 7.5 cm. de altura. Ponen 3 ó 4 huevos blancos lustrosos. Se reproducen de enero a marzo.
Alimentación
Se zambulle desde ramas a baja altura, rocas emergentes o desde un cable del tendido eléctrico. En algunas ocasiones se alimentan de insectos e invertebrados acuáticos. Las perchas se encuentran a una altura promedio de 1.5 m. y pocas veces a más de un metro de la ribera del río. La longitud de la presa se relaciona muy poco, aunque en forma significativa, con la altura de la percha desde la cual se capturó. El ángulo de la zambullida (ángulo entre la trayectoria promedio de vuelo hacia abajo de la percha, hasta el punto de entrada en el agua) varía desde 90 hasta 150 grados y nunca se han observado ángulos menores. Aparentemente, la reflexión y la refracción distorsionan considerablemente la imagen del blanco y ocurren pocos intentos exitosos en ángulos menores de 150 grados. La longitud de las presas varía de 8 a 80 mm. El martín pescador abandona el agua tan pronto como le es inmediatamente después de una zambullida, y lleva sus presas a una percha cercana donde las engulle por la cabeza. Golpea las presas contra una rama antes de tragarlas. El tiempo utilizado para manipular y golpear la presa antes de engullirla se relaciona marcadamente con el tamaño de esta. Las subsiguientes perchas de caza generalmente dominan áreas libres que hayan sido afectadas por la zambullida anterior. Sólo el 30 % de las zambullidas son exitosas, y en ocasiones, se observan zambullidas abortadas en las que el martín pescador cambió su rumbo antes de entrar en el agua.
Comportamiento
Son solitarios o forman parejas.
Habitat y Distribución
Habitat
Viven cerca de ríos y quebradas de curso lento y también en canales dentro de los manglares, esteros y orillas de las lagunas. Se encuentra ausente en los ríos y quebradas ubicadas dentro de los bosques.
Distribución
Es una especie residente común especialmente a lo largo de ríos. En ambas costas se localiza localmente desde el nivel del mar hasta los 900 m. de altura, aproximadamente.
Distribución fuera de Costa Rica
Se distribuye desde México tropical hasta el norte de Argentina.
Distribución de Area de conservación
Amistad CaribeOsaPacifico CentralTempisqueTortugueroAmistad PacificoHuetar NorteArenalCordillera Volcanica CentralGuanacaste
Demografía y Conservación
Estado de amenaza
Es probable que la contaminación de los ríos esté afectando a las poblaciones de esta especie en el área metropolitana.
Descripción
Descripción científica
Mide 29 cm. y pesa 110 grs. Es el martín pescador con espalda verde más grande, el pico notablemente largo y grueso y cresta peinada.
El macho adulto es de un verde metálico por encima que se extiende hasta los lados del pecho. El vexilo interno de las timoneras y las remeras exhiben manchas blancas, Presenta una mancha blanca debajo del ojo. El pecho es rufo profundo y el resto de la región inferior y el collar nucal son angostos y blancos. El pico y las patas son negras.
La hembra es parecida pero sin rufo, con una lista pectoral verde algo incompleta.
Los inviduos inmaduros son parecidos a la hembra adulta, pero con la coberteras de las alas con manchas blancas. El pecho de los machos presenta un tinte castaño.
Información taxonómica
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Clase: Aves
Orden: Coraciiformes
Familia: Alcedinidae
Género: Chloroceryle
La tienda de aplicaciones para Android que ofrecía Google cambió su faceta. Ahora se llama Google Play y ofrece un amplio catálogo de contenidos para los usuarios.
El servicio será una fuerte competencia para Apple, que a través de iTunes comercializa libros, canciones, series y películas. También lo será para Amazon, uno de los más afianzados en el mundo de las descargas pagas.
La tienda, disponible desde el 26 de marzo, tiene más de 20 mil canciones gratis, casi medio millón de juegos y aplicaciones, una importante selección de libros electrónicos y miles de películas en alta definición para alquilar en línea.
Boats make their way along a tributary of the Amazon River near Murutinga, Brazil. Photo by Mike DuBose, UMNS.
A burned and fragmented forest in the Brazilian Amazon. A collaboration led by an Oregon State University College of Forestry researcher has used very-high-resolution satellite imagery to develop a machine learning model that aims to improve climate scientists’ ability to estimate carbon stocks in the Amazon. The new VHR-based model considers forest degradation caused by fire and selective logging as well as the degradation’s effect on carbon storage.