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Oda Nobunaga 織田信長 1534−82
The prime mover of Japan's 16th-century reunification after a hundred years of strife. The Sengoku period (1467−1568) ended and the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568−1600) began with his advent to power.
Rising from modest beginnings, Nobunaga subjected central Japan to one governing authority, with himself as the supreme hegemon. At the time of his violent death the realm (tenka) united under his rule comprised over a third of the 16th-century Japanese empire. The rigorous system of government he left behind−later called the Shokuhō seiken (Shokuhō regime)−was the foundation for the work of the other two of the 《Three Heroes》 of Japan's unification, his sometime vassals Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. Nobunaga, who dealt ruthlessly with his enemies, deserves his reputation as a brutal warlord, but he was also an enthusiastic patron of the arts and a powerful stimulus for the brilliant culture of the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Provenance and Early Career
Nobunaga's family was a sublineage of a shugodai (deputy military governor) house settled in Owari Province (now part of Aichi Prefecture) since about 1400. His father, Nobuhide (1510−51), nominally a vassal of the Kiyosu branch of the Oda, who were shugodai of Owari's 《lower four districts,》 was actually a Sengoku daimyō in his own right. After his father's death in 1551 Nobunaga, his heir, first consolidated his position as the lord of Nagoya Castle and then began his campaign of military expansion. In 1555 Nobunaga seized Kiyosu, killed the shugodai, Oda Hikogorō, and moved from Nagoya into the castle there. After a protracted campaign, he succeeded in 1559 in reducing the fortress of Iwakura, the seat of the shugodai of Owari's 《upper four districts,》 gaining control of all of Owari. In 1560 Nobunaga's position was challenged by Imagawa Yoshimoto of Mikawa Province (now part of Aichi Prefecture). Nobunaga surprised and routed Imagawa's vastly superior army at the Battle of Okehazama (now the city of Toyoake, Aichi Prefecture) the same year. By 1562 he had entered into an alliance with Imagawa's Mikawa vassal Matsudaira Motoyasu (the future shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu), thus securing his eastern flank.
In 1567, after repeated invasions of Mino, the domain of Saitō Tatsuoki (1548−73), Nobunaga seized Saitō's Inokuchi Castle. He renamed the castle Gifu and declared its marketplace, Kanō, a duty-free market (see rakuichi and rakuza). By the spring of 1568 Nobunaga had subdued much of northern Ise Province (now part of Mie Prefecture).
In the fall of 1568 Nobunaga marched on Kyōto, swept aside armed opposition from Rokkaku Yoshikata (1521−98) and his son Yoshiharu (1545−1612) of Ōmi Province (now Shiga Prefecture) and from the Miyoshi Triumvirs (Miyoshi Sanninshū), and installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as shōgun. However, he forced the new shōgun to acknowledge Nobunaga's primacy in the realm's affairs. Nobunaga's successes continued unimpeded through 1569, when he gained control over the merchant city and firearms manufacturing center of Sakai and expanded into southern Ise. In Ise Nobunaga decreed the abolition of toll barriers (sekisho) restricting the free flow of commerce and ordered the destruction of the rural gentry's forts.
By 1570 Nobunaga's steady advance brought into being a coalition of daimyō intent on stopping him. Nobunaga tossed down the gauntlet to them in the late spring of 1570 by invading Echizen (now part of Fukui Prefecture), the domain of Asakura Yoshikage. Nobunaga had to retreat when Asai Nagamasa, the daimyō of Odani in northern Ōmi, attacked his rear; he barely managed to return to Gifu when the remnants of Rokkaku Yoshikata's party rose again in southern Ōmi, cutting Nobunaga's communications with his home base. That summer Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated Asai's and Asakura's forces at the Battle of Anegawa, but it was not a decisive victory: within 10 weeks Asai and Asakura had recuperated enough to advance into the vicinity of Kyōto. They entered into an alliance with Kennyo Kōsa (1543−92), the pontiff of Honganji in Ōsaka. Nobunaga neutralized Asai's and Asakura's threat to Kyōto, scattering their troops on Mt. Hiei (Hieizan), where their collaborators in Enryakuji, the headquarters of the Buddhist Tendai sect, gave them shelter. The next year Nobunaga burned Enryakuji in retaliation (see Enryakuji, burning of).
Honganji, head temple of the major branch of the Jōdo Shin sect, proved a far more formidable opponent. Kennyo and the armed leagues (Ikkō ikki) of his sectarians (monto) fought Nobunaga in a war that lasted with a few interruptions from 1570 to 1580. The year 1570 ended with a massive rising of the Ikkō ikki of Nagashima in Ise. Nobunaga was to invade Nagashima unsuccessfully twice before he finally managed to subdue this Ikkō ikki in 1574 through wholesale slaughter.
By 1572 Nobunaga and the coalition ranged against him were stalemated. Nobunaga's enemies sought to break the deadlock by persuading the powerful eastern daimyō Takeda Shingen to join their league. On 6 January 1573 Shingen defeated Tokugawa Ieyasu's and Nobunaga's allied army at the Battle of Mikatagahara in Tōtōmi (now the city of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture). Two months later he took Noda Castle in Mikawa (now the city of Shinshiro, Aichi Prefecture), penetrating deeply into Ieyasu's territory. The news of Shingen's successes enticed the shōgun, Yoshiaki, to take up arms against Nobunaga, who assumed a conciliatory attitude until news of Shingen's death reached him. At the beginning of May 1573 Nobunaga surrounded Kyōto and methodically put its periphery to the torch, forcing Yoshiaki into surrender. When the shōgun rose again in July, Nobunaga chased him into exile. De jure, the Muromachi shogunate (1338−1573) continued to exist until Yoshiaki's abdication in 1588; de facto, Nobunaga's hegemony had replaced it.
In September 1573 Nobunaga attacked Asai Nagamasa; when Asakura Yoshikage came to his ally's relief, Nobunaga defeated him and forced him to commit suicide. Having thereby conquered Echizen, Nobunaga eliminated Asai and assigned his domains in northern Ōmi to Hashiba Hideyoshi (the future Toyotomi Hideyoshi). Nobunaga's triumph was tarnished, however, by a rebellion that swept Echizen in early 1574. Honganji reopened hostilities on the Ōsaka front, and the Takeda, led by Shingen's son Takeda Katsuyori, again invaded Ieyasu's territories. Nobunaga recovered this lost ground in 1575 by a spectacular victory over Takeda Katsuyori at the Battle of Nagashino in Mikawa (now Hōrai Chō, Aichi Prefecture) and by another gruesome slaughter of the Honganji's sectarians, this time in Echizen.
Nobunaga now dominated Kyōto and the five provinces of the Kinki area around it; he held Owari, Mino, Ise, Ōmi, Wakasa (now part of Fukui Prefecture), and Echizen; his 《tenka》 (realm) included Mikawa and Tōtōmi, the domains of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who acknowledged Nobunaga's primacy. By 1577 Shibata Katsuie, Nobunaga's appointee to the governorship of Echizen, had implemented there the policies that became the identifying features of the Shokuhō regime: the sword hunt (katanagari; confiscation of weapons from the populace), the separation of the agricultural and military classes (heinō bunri), and the provincial land survey (kenchi).
Climax and Abrupt End of Career
In 1576 Nobunaga began building a residential castle at Azuchi in Ōmi Province (now Azuchi Chō, Shiga Prefecture). Azuchi Castle, whose central donjon (tenshu) became Nobunaga's official residence in 1579, contributed its name to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, which is fittingly called an age of grandeur.
In 1576 a second coalition formed against Nobunaga: the diplomatic efforts of the exiled shōgun Yoshiaki and Kennyo Kōsa of Honganji incited Mōri Terumoto (1553−1625), the lord of Aki Province (now part of Hiroshima Prefecture) and vast other territories in the Chūgoku region, and Uesugi Kenshin (1530−78), the daimyō of Echigo (now part of Niigata Prefecture), into joining the effort to stop Nobunaga. A fleet sent by Mōri broke through Nobunaga's blockade of Ishiyama Honganji, Kennyo's temple fortress in Ōsaka. On the southwest of his 《realm,》 Nobunaga campaigned in the spring of 1577 against the Ikkō ikki of Saiga in Kii Province (now the city of Wakayama). On the south, Matsunaga Hisahide (1510−77) of Yamato (now Nara Prefecture) took up arms against Nobunaga but was destroyed, his province conquered by Nobunaga's eldest son Nobutada (1557−82) and his generals Akechi Mitsuhide, Hosokawa Yūsai, and Tsutsui Junkei. The colossal struggle with the Mōri of the northwest and the west of the 《Tenka》 was to be the major military effort of Nobunaga's last years, but remained unfinished at his death.
The situation eased for Nobunaga in 1578 with the sudden death of his formidable enemy Kenshin, which was followed by a succession struggle in the Uesugi family. Nobunaga and his generals, including Hideyoshi, gradually reduced the defenses of the Mōri by early 1580. Honganji itself was isolated, and Kennyo Kōsa entered into peace negotiations. The surrender of the Ōsaka Honganji in 1580 was Nobunaga's greatest victory. The victory was completed late that year with the conquest of the part of Kaga that was still held by monto, and the religious monarchy of the Jōdo Shin sect accordingly ceased to exist. One of the greatest symbols of the Japanese middle ages had fallen.
In the spring of 1582, Nobunaga celebrated another great triumph: the destruction of Takeda Katsuyori and the incorporation of four more provinces−Suruga (now part of Shizuoka Prefecture), Kai (now Yamanashi Prefecture), Shinano (now Nagano Prefecture), and Kōzuke (now Gumma Prefecture)−into his realm. The imperial court then offered to make him shōgun or 《appoint him to any rank at all,》 but Nobunaga evaded replying to this offer.
In June 1582 an army commanded by Nobunaga's son Kambe Nobutaka (1558−83) assembled in the area of Ōsaka and Sakai and stood poised to invade Shikoku. Another large force was encircling Kongōbuji, the great monastery of the Buddhist Shingon sect on Mt. Kōya (Kōyasan) in Kii Province. On the San'indō front in western Honshū, Mōri Terumoto's major fortress, Tottori, had fallen to Hideyoshi in 1581; Hideyoshi had turned to the San'yōdō front and was besieging Takamatsu in Bitchū Province (now part of the city of Okayama), the fort of Mōri's vassal Shimizu Muneharu. At the news that Mōri's main force had come to the relief of Takamatsu, Nobunaga himself planned to join the campaign. He ordered Akechi Mitsuhide to lead a force in the expedition's van.
On 19 June Nobunaga arrived in Kyōto on his way to the front and took up his habitual quarters at Honnōji, a temple of the Buddhist Nichiren sect. In the early morning of 21 June 1582 Akechi attacked Honnōji, catching Nobunaga completely by surprise. According to the chronicle Shinchō Kō ki, Nobunaga realized that all was lost but defended himself until he was wounded. He then made sure that all women abandoned the temple, which was in flames, withdrew into the depths of the building, locked himself in a service room to keep the enemy from witnessing his end, and there disemboweled himself. See also Honnōji Incident.
These are the fabrics Asai chose. I have to tidy up the edges and then start sewing the strips together, and soon she'll have a nice comforting scrappy quilt.
As is typical, there are Easter eggs...
[Hokkaido, Japan / 北海道]
Distribution: Russian Far East to N. Korea and Japan (31 KAM KHA KUR PRM SAK 36 CHM CHN 38 JAP KOR)
Lifeform: Hemicr. or rhizome geophyte
Homotypic Names:
Limodorum papillosum (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891).
Epipactis latifolia var. papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim. ex Kom., Fl. Manshur. 1: 523 (1901).
Helleborine papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) Druce, Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 589 (1908).
Amesia papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 56: 472 (1913).
Epipactis helleborine var. papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) T.Hashim., Proc. World Orchid Conf. 12: 120 (1987).
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Epipactis sayekiana Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 2: 22 (1918).
Serapias sayekiana (Makino) Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 6: 8 (1929).
Epipactis papillosa var. sayekiana (Makino) T.Koyama & Asai, J. Jap. Bot. 33: 226 (1958).
Epipactis helleborine var. sayekiana (Makino) T.Hashim., Proc. World Orchid Conf. 12: 121 (1987).
Epipactis papillosa var. imkoeensis Y.N.Lee & K.S.Lee, Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 2: 38 (2002).
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
More photos of this ballet on www.photosdedanse.com
Copyright (c) 2008 by © Laurent Paillier/ www.photosdedanse.com. All rights reserved.
TOBARI
SANKAI JUKU
Choregraphie : AMAGATSU Ushio
Mise en scene : AMAGATSU Ushio
Compositeur : KAKO Takashi Yas Kas YOSHIKAWA Yoichiro
Compagnie : Sankai Juku
Avec :
AMAGATSU Ushio
Semimaru
IWASHITA Toru
TAKEUCHI Sho
ICHIHARA Akihito
HASEGAWARA Ivhiro
MATSUOKA Dai
ASAI Nobuyoshi
Lieu : Theatre de la Ville
Ville : Paris
Le : 04 05 2008
© Laurent Paillier/ www.photosdedanse.com
[Hokkaido, Japan / 北海道]
Distribution: Russian Far East to N. Korea and Japan (31 KAM KHA KUR PRM SAK 36 CHM CHN 38 JAP KOR)
Lifeform: Hemicr. or rhizome geophyte
Homotypic Names:
Limodorum papillosum (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891).
Epipactis latifolia var. papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim. ex Kom., Fl. Manshur. 1: 523 (1901).
Helleborine papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) Druce, Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 589 (1908).
Amesia papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 56: 472 (1913).
Epipactis helleborine var. papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) T.Hashim., Proc. World Orchid Conf. 12: 120 (1987).
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Epipactis sayekiana Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 2: 22 (1918).
Serapias sayekiana (Makino) Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 6: 8 (1929).
Epipactis papillosa var. sayekiana (Makino) T.Koyama & Asai, J. Jap. Bot. 33: 226 (1958).
Epipactis helleborine var. sayekiana (Makino) T.Hashim., Proc. World Orchid Conf. 12: 121 (1987).
Epipactis papillosa var. imkoeensis Y.N.Lee & K.S.Lee, Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 2: 38 (2002).
Sawayama Castle had an interesting history before it was destroyed by the Ii clan in 1603 to provide building material for the construction of nearby Hikone Castle. Isono Kazumasa held it on behalf of the Asai Clan, and then the castle was handed to Hori Hidemasa following the Akechi defeat in 1582. After Hidemasa died during the Odawara campaign in 1590, Sawayama Castle and it’s fief was awarded to Ishida Mitsunari, a former page of Hideyoshi’s who became his most trusted advisor. Unfortunately for Mitsunari, he had a way of rubbing people the wrong way and set himself up for failure at the pivotal battle of Sekigahara in 1600, in which he led the Western, pro-Toyotomi forces to defeat against Tokugawa Ieyasu and his allies. As Ii Naomasa played an important role in helping secure Ieyasu’s victory, he was awarded Mitsunari’s castle fief. However, Naomasa hated the fact that he was inhabiting the castle of this most hated enemy and petitioned Ieyasu to build a new castle. Ieyasu agreed, and Sawayama castle was dismantled and used to help build the new Hikone castle. As a result, it’s hard to find physical reminders that Sawayama Castle actually once existed.
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
Byline censored with black tape under pain of legal action by the IRFU. Scantily clad ladies remain despite moral opprobrium.
Read more here.
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
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Hakodate City Museum of Northern Peoples, Hakodate, Japan.
Cultural affiliation: Sakhalin Ainu
Material: nettle fiber, cotton
-----------------------------------
Retarpe•Kaahrus "Grass clothing"
When cotton was still difficult to obtain in
Hokkaido, " Attus" (Bark clothing) was mainly
made from tree bark.
In Sakhalin, on the other
hand, Retarpe (Grass clothing • Tetarape) was
mainly made and used.
It is a unique costume of Sakhalin Ainu made by
weaving fibers from grass called nettle.
The fabric is said to be softer than Attus. Like
other Ainu costumes, it is a combination of
cotton and embroidery patterns, but the
patterns are slightly different from those of
Hokkaido Ainu.
Moreover, it looks ancient, and even compared to modern Ainu costumes, it has an aura that gives it a sense of history.
In this museum, as a feature of the pattern,
there are cases where the "Ainu pattern" and "Uilta pattern" are roughly divided and explained.
Even in the same Ainu, "Sakhalin Ainu" has a
characteristic intermediate between "Hokkaido Ainu" and "Uilta". This is due to the geographical factors in which they lived. After all, Hokkaido is spacious!
Features often differ by region.
- Director's talk.
-----------------------------------
The Ainu in Russia are an Indigenous people of Siberia located in Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Kamchatka Krai. The Russian Ainu people (Aine; Russian: айны, romanized: Ayny), also called Kurile (курилы, kurily), Kamchatka's Kurile (камчатские курилы, kamchatskiye kurily / камчадальские айны, kamchadalskiye ayny) or Eine (эйны, eyny), can be subdivided into six groups.
Although only around 100 people currently identify themselves as Ainu in Russia (according to the census of 2010), it is believed that at least 1,000 people are of significant Ainu ancestry. The low numbers identifying as Ainu are a result of the refusal by the government of the Russian Federation to recognise the Ainu as a "living" ethnic group. Most of the people who identify themselves as Ainu live in Kamchatka Krai, although the largest number of people who are of Ainu ancestry (without acknowledging it) are found in Sakhalin Oblast.
Many local people are ethnically Ainu or have significant Ainu ancestry but identify as Russian or Nivkh and speak Russian as mother tongue, often not knowing about their Ainu ancestry.[3]
History
Ainu trading expeditions with the Kamchatka Peninsula and other northern regions which today are part of Russia began very early on, despite the traditionally sedentary customs of Ainu society. Ainu migrations to Kamchatka and the Amur River area from Hokkaido were increasingly limited after the 16th century however, as Japanese merchants and officials increasingly limited their ability to migrate.[4]
The Kamchatka Ainu first came into contact with Russian fur traders by the end of the 17th century. Contact with the Amur Ainu and North Kuril Ainu were established during the 18th century. By mid-18th century more than 1,500 Ainu had accepted Russian citizenship.
The Ainu (especially those in the Kuriles) supported the Russians over the Japanese in conflicts of the 19th century. However, after their defeat during the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, the Russians abandoned their allies and left them to their fate. Hundreds of Ainu were executed and their families were forcibly relocated to Hokkaido by the Japanese. As a result, the Russians failed to win over the Ainu during World War II.[citation needed]
Resettlement in Kamchatka
As a result of the Treaty of St. Petersburg, the Kurile islands were surrendered to the Japanese, along with the Ainu inhabitants. A total of 83 North Kurile Ainu arrived in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on September 18, 1877, after they decided to remain under Russian rule. They refused the offer by Russian officials to move to new reservations in the Commander Islands. An agreement was reached in 1881 and the Ainu chose to settle in the village of Yavin. In March 1881, the group left Petropavlovsk and began the long journey to Yavin by foot. Four months later, they reached their new homes. Another village, Golygino, was founded later. Nine more Ainu arrived from Japan in 1884. According to the 1897 Census of Russia, Golygino had a population of 57 (all Ainu) and Yavin a population of 39 (33 Ainu & 6 Russian).[5] However, under Soviet rule both villages were abolished and inhabitants forcibly moved to the ethnic Russian-dominated Zaporozhye settlement in Ust-Bolsheretsky Raion.[6] As a result of intermarriage, the ethnic groups assimilated to form the Kamchadal community.
During the Tsarist period, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden to identify themselves by that name, since the Japanese officials claimed that all areas inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present belonged to Japan. The Ainu were referred to as "Kurile", "Kamchatka Kurile" or simply as Russian. As a result, many Ainu changed their surnames to Slavic sounding ones.[citation needed]
On 7 February 1953, K. Omelchenko, the Soviet Minister of the Protection of Military and State Secrets banned the press from publishing any information on the Ainu still living in the USSR. The order was finally revoked after two decades.[7]
Recent History
The North Kurile Ainu of Zaporozhye are the largest Ainu subgroup remaining in Russia. The Nakamura clan (South Kuril Ainu on the paternal side) are the smallest and number just 6 individuals who live in Petropavlovsk. There are several dozen people on Sakhalin Island who identify themselves as Sakhalin Ainu, but many more have unacknowledged partial Ainu ancestry. Most of the 888 Japanese who live in Russian territory (2010 Census) are of mixed Japanese and Ainu ancestry, though they generally do not claim it, since full Japanese ancestry gives them the right of visa-free entry to Japan.[8] Similarly, no one identifies as Amur Valley Ainu, even though people with partial descent are known to exist in Khabarovsk. It is thought that no living descendants of the Kamchatka Ainu remain today.[citation needed]
In 1979, the USSR removed the term "Ainu" from the list of living ethnic groups of Russia, the government proclaiming that the Ainu as an ethnic group was now extinct in its territory. According to the 2002 Russian Federation census, no one marked the Ainu option in boxes 7 or 9.2 in the K-1 form.[9][10]
The Ainu emphasize that they are the original inhabitants of the Kurile islands and that both the Japanese and Russians were invaders.[11]
In 2004, the small Ainu community living in Kamchatka Krai wrote to Vladimir Putin, urging him to reconsider any move to return the Southern Kurile islands to Japan. They criticized the Japanese, the Tsarist Russians, and the Soviets for crimes against the Ainu, including killings and forced assimilation. They urged him to recognize the Japanese genocide against the Ainu people, which Putin refused to do.[12] During the 2010 Census of Russia, almost 100 people tried to register themselves as ethnic Ainu, but the governing council of Kamchatka Krai refused to do so and enrolled them as ethnic Kamchadal.[7][13] In 2011, the leader of the Ainu community in Kamchatka, Alexei Vladimirovich Nakamura requested that Vladimir Ilyukhin (Governor of Kamchatka) and Boris Nevzorov (Chairman of state Duma) include the Ainu in the central list of Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This was also turned down.[14]
Ethnic Ainu living in Sakhalin Oblast and Khabarovsk Krai are not politically organized. According to Alexei Nakamura, as of 2012, there were only 205 Ainu living in Russia (up from just 12 people who self-identified as Ainu in 2008) and they, with the Kurile Kamchadals (Itelmen of Kuril Islands), are fighting for official recognition.[15][16] Since the Ainu are not recognized in the official list of ethnic groups living in Russia, they are either counted as people without nationality or as ethnic Russian, Nivkh or Kamchadal.[17]
As of 2012, both the Kurile Ainu and Kurile Kamchadal ethnic groups do not have the fishing and hunting rights the Russian government grants to other indigenous tribal communities of the far north.[3][18]
The Ainu have now formed a Russian Association of the Far-Eastern Ainu (RADA) under Rechkabo Kakukhoningen (Boris Yaravoy).[19]
In March 2017, Alexei Nakamura revealed that plans for an Ainu village to be created in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, and plans for an Ainu dictionary are underway.[20]
Demographics
According to the Russian Census (2010), a total of 109 Ainu live in Russia. Of this, 94 lived in Kamchatka Krai, 4 in Primorye, 3 in Sakhalin, 1 in Khabarovsk, 4 in Moscow, 1 in St.Petersburg, 1 in Sverdlovsk, and 1 in Rostov. The real population is believed to be much higher, as hundreds of Ainu in Sakhalin refused to identify themselves as such. Additionally many local people are ethnically Ainu or have significant Ainu ancestry, but identify as various recognized groups, such as Nivkhs and speak Russian as mother tongue, often not knowing about their Ainu ancestry.[21]
Ainu of Sakhalin
During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, as the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan. The terms "Kurile", "Kamchatka Kurile" or simply Russian were used to identify the ethnic group. As a result, large number of Ainu changed their surnames to Slavic ones. To eradicate the Ainu identity, the Soviet authorities removed the ethnic group from the list of nationalities which can be mentioned in the passport, as they feared the Ainu as possible Japanese spies. Due to this, children born after 1945 were not able to identify themselves as Ainu.
After World War II, many of the Ainu living in Sakhalin were deported to Japan. Out of the 1,159 known Ainu, only around 100 remained in Russia. Of those who remained, only the elderly were full blooded Ainu. Others were either mixed race, married to ethnic Russians or self-identified as Russian. The last of the official Ainu households disappeared in the late 1960s, when Yamanaka Kitaro committed suicide after the death of his wife. The couple was childless.[22]
Ainu of Ust-Bolsheretsky
Out of a total of 826 people living in the village of Zaporozhye in Ust-Bolsheretsky District, more than 100 people claimed during the 2010 Census that they are Ainu. They are former residents of the liquidated villages Yavin and Golygino. The number of people with Ainu ancestry is estimated to be many times this amount, but in general, there is reluctance from the individuals themselves and from the census takers to record the nationality as "Ainu" (although not on a scale which is seen in Sakhalin). The majority of the population in Zaporozhye refers themselves as either Kamchadal (a term used for the Ainu to refer to them without acknowledging their ethnic Ainu identity and other native groups) or Russian, rather than identifying with either of the two native ethnic groups (Ainu and Itelmen). Although identifying as Itelmen can give additional benefits (hunting and fishing rights), the residents seems to be wary about ethnic polarization and response from full-blooded Russian neighbors. Identifying as Ainu is not beneficial in any way. As an unrecognized nation, the Ainu are not eligible for either fishing or hunting quotas.
Families who are the descended from Kuril Ainu include Butin (Бутины), Storozhev (Сторожевы), Ignatiev (Игнатьевы), Merlin (Мерлины), Konev (Коневы), Lukaszewski (Лукашевские), and Novograblenny (Новограбленные) among other unknown ones.
Ainu of Clan Nakamura
Unlike the other Ainu clans currently living in Russia, there is considerable doubt whether the Nakamura clan of Kamchatka should be identified as Northern Kurils Ainu, Southern Kurils Ainu or as Kamchatka Ainu. This is due to the fact that the clan originally immigrated to Kamchatka from Kunashir in 1789. The Ainu of Kunashir are South Kurils Ainu. They settled down near Kurile Lake, which was inhabited by the Kamchatka Ainu and North Kuril Ainu. In 1929, the Ainu of Kurile Lake fled to the island of Paramushir after an armed conflict with the Soviet authorities. At that time, Paramushir was under Japanese rule. During the Invasion of the Kuril Islands, Akira Nakamura (b. 1897) was captured by the Soviet army and his elder son Takeshi Nakamura (1925–1945) was killed in the battle. Akira's only surviving son, Keizo (b. 1927) was taken prisoner and joined the Soviet Army after his capture. After the war, Keizo went to Korsakov to work in the local harbor. In 1963, he married Tamara Pykhteeva, a member of the Sakhalin Ainu tribe. Their only child, Alexei was born in 1964. The descendants of Tamara and Alexei are found in Kamchatka and Sakhalin.
The last known deportation of Ainu to Japan occurred in 1982, when Keizo Nakamura, a full blooded Southern Kurils Ainu was deported to Hokkaido after serving 15 years hard labor in the province of Magadan. His wife, Tamara Timofeevna Pykhteeva was of mixed Sakhalin Ainu and Gilyak ancestry. After the arrest of Keizo in 1967, Tamara and her son Alexei Nakamura were expelled from Kamchatka Krai and sent to the island of Sakhalin, to live in the city of Tomari.
Ainu of Komandorski Islands
In 1877, the Badaev (Бадаев) family split from the rest of Northern Kuril Ainu and decided to settle in the Commander Islands, along with the Aleut. They were assimilated by the Aleut and currently identify themselves as Aleut. Two of the families residing there are believed to be of partial Ainu ancestry: the Badaevs and the Kuznetsovs.[23]
Commander Islands was originally designated as a refuge for the Aleut people (from Atka, Attu, Fox, Andreanof.etc.), who were forced to flee Alaska after Russia sold it to the US. In 1827, on Bering Island lived 110 people (of which 93 spoke either Aleut or Aleut-Russian creole). Since the Northern Kuril Ainu were also having similar problems, the Tsar hoped to resettle them near the Aleut. But the Ainu were skeptical of the offer and rejected it, as they wanted to stay in Kamchatka mainland, whose geography was familiar to them. Only one Ainu family moved to the island, and were joined by ethnic Russians, Kamchadals, Itelmen, Kadyaktsy (Kodiak Island Eskimo), Creoles (mixed origin people]]), Komi-Zyrians and Roma.[citation needed]
By 1879, the island was home to a total of 168 Aleut and 332 Creole, plus around 50 to 60 people from other nationalities including the Ainu and Russian. All the Creole spoke the Aleut language, as it was the language of their mothers. The Ainu, along with other minorities were quickly assimilated by the Aleut within a few decades.
Federal recognition
According to the Census authority of Russian Federation, the Ainu are extinct as an ethnic group in Russia. Those who identify as Ainu, neither speak the Ainu language, nor practice any aspect of the traditional Ainu culture. In social behavior and customs, they are almost identical with the Old Russian settlers of Kamchatka and therefore the benefits which are given to the Itelmen cannot be given to the Ainu of Kamchatka.
The Ainu language is extinct as a spoken language in Russia. The Bolsheretsky Kurile stopped using the language as early as the beginning of the 20th century. Only 3 fluent speakers remained in Sakhalin as of 1979, and the language was extinct by the 1980s there. Although Keizo Nakamura was a fluent speaker of Kurile Ainu and translated several documents from the language to Russian for the NKVD, he did not pass on the language to his son.[citation needed] (Take Asai, the last speaker of Sakhalin Ainu, died in Japan in 1994.[24])
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
Road Ferry
Cock Rooster on the roof
The bus stop shed last year
www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauk73/21031134861/
Mando / Dulpod
Luizinha mojea Luizin
Luizinha mojea moga,
Merxe Calafura sonu Divadde vetam,
Roddonaka.
Divaddche munttai te dongrar,
Zaite asai kole,
Tujea potiche foddleai pole Luizin
Roddonaka.
Fantastic work in paper, eggshell and lacquer by Miki Asai.
Taken with Panasonic 20mm f1.7 lens on Panasonic GX7.
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
The Camp Casey Hanson Field House Outdoor Swimming Pool was the site of the
Area I 2013 Individual Swim Championship July 20. Photos courtesy of Pfc.
Jilita Watford.
Individual Results:
Women's Open:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Maj. Trisha Stavinoha
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Joanne Inami-Asai
Men's Open:
200 Individual Medley 1st place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
100 Meter Backstroke 1st place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Butterfly 2nd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Spc. Sung Park
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
50 meter Freestyle 3rd place: Cpt. Bradford Criswell
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Spc. Sung Park
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: 1st Lt. Will Blickle
Men's Senior:
200 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
200 Individual Medley 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Freestyle 1st place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
100 Meter Breaststroke 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
100 Meter Breaststroke 2nd place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Butterfly 1st place: Staff Sgt. Kristopher Hitchman
50 meter Freestyle 1st place: Shawn Creasy
50 meter Freestyle 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
50 Meter Backstroke 1st Place: Shawn Creasy
50 Meter Backstroke 2nd place: Sgt. 1st Class Guy Sing
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram
Col. Osamu Asai (right), commander of 27th Infantry Regiment, 5th Brigade, Northern Army, Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force welcomes Maj. David Nelson, battalion operations officer for 1st Battalion (Airborne), 501st Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division to Yausubetsu Training Area, Hokkaido, Japan, Feb. 8, 2015. Nelson and 50 paratroopers with the Spartan Brigade are in Japan to participate in Exercise North Wind 2015, a two-week bilateral field training and command-post exercise to increase combat readiness and interoperability amongst U.S. Army personnel and the JGSD to respond to a wide range of crisis contingencies in the Asian-Pacific region. (Photo by U.S. Army Sgt. Eric-James Estrada/Released)
En el marco del ‘Pacto de Leticia por la Amazonía’ y en la lucha constante contra la deforestación, el ministro de Ambiente Carlos Eduardo Correa, junto con una comitiva del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, visitó las comunidades del complejo acuático de los Lagos de Tarapoto - Amazonas para conocer de primera mano los resultados de los procesos de reforestación que allí se adelantan.
“La lucha contra la deforestación es una prioridad para el Gobierno Nacional. En los Lagos de Tarapoto 289 familias han sembrado cerca de 12.000 árboles nativos que producen frutos para los peces y consumo humano, logrando restaurar este importante ecosistema del Amazonas", señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa, durante la visita.
El jefe de la cartera ambiental agregó que “las familias de las comunidades Atacarí, Siete de Agosto, Boyahuassu y Naranjales se han comprometido a hacer control y seguimiento del estado de los árboles sembrados para asegurar que la reforestación sea efectiva. Además, con la ayuda de ingenieros forestales se adelantan procesos de geolocalización para apoyar el monitoreo permanente de las especies".
Adicionalmente, durante su recorrido por la comunidad de Santa Clara de Tarapoto se realizó la siembra de especies como el Asaí, Aguaje, Imbira, Huito, Tirameo y Bacurí, con la participación de miembros de la comunidad, Corpoamazonia y la Fundación Omacha.
"Desde el Resguardo agradecemos al Ministerio de Ambiente por habernos visitado. Queremos seguir trabajando y esperamos de corazón que esta presencia en nuestros territorios continúe", dijo Lilia Java, líder comunitaria.
Se esperan nuevos financiamientos que tendrán lugar en el 2021 para continuar consolidando y ampliando los resultados exitosos en este ecosistema con el fin de ratificar que todos los sectores del país estamos #JuntosPorLaAmazonía. / Dic. 03, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Página Web / Twitter Facebook / Youtube / Instagram