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Zofiówka Sanatorium is a defunct mental health facility in the town of Otwock in Poland, built at the beginning of the 20th century. In the Second Polish Republic, the sanatorium complex was expanded with more buildings and staff. Zofiówka initially had 95 beds, but this number had increased to 275 by 1935. The Jewish history of Zofiówka has come to its tragic end in the course of the Holocaust following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany.
Construction
The history of the old Jewish sanatorium starts at the beginning of the 20th century. Back then, the institutionalized treatment of mental disorders was in its infancy. In 1906, Polish-Jewish neurologists Adam Wizel, Samuel Goldflam, Ludwik Bregman and Adolf Weisblat formed the "Society for Poor Jews with Nervous and Mental Illnesses" (Polish: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Ubogimi, Nerwowo i Umysłowo Chorymi Żydami). The sanatorium's director was Dr. Stefan Miller.A year later, a donation by the philanthropist Sophia Endelman enabled the purchase of 17 hectares of land and in 1908 the first building of a new sanatorium was built by the association there. An important part of the treatment was restoring patients to society by enabling them to practice employment. In its isolation ward (part of the hospital reserved for the most difficult patients), the mother of famous Polish poet, Julian Tuwim, Adela Tuwim was placed before World War II.
Holocaust history
In late 1940, the asylum fell within the so-called ‘medical zone’ formed by the Germans in the newly established Jewish ghetto of Otwock. The institution was still working during the early stages of the occupation of Poland, but the conditions dramatically worsened. Almost 400 patients were sentenced to a slow and torturous death by starvation as part of the Nazi extermination Aktionen. Zofiówka ended its existence at the same time as ghetto in Otwock.
On the morning of 19 August 1942, the Ukrainian Trawnikis supervised by the Germans, gathered the patients and the hospital crew in the first pavilion. Some 100-140 victims were shot on the spot, the rest were put on the Holocaust train to Treblinka along with Otwock’s Jewish population of 7,000.[2] Only a few doctors, who managed to escape to Warsaw by ambulance, survived. Some of the staff people committed suicide. In 1943 Zofiówka served Germans as Lebensborn, the institution of charity care. The facility also dealt with the Germanization of Polish children, and bringing them up for adoption to families in Germany.
After World War II
Zofiówka returned to its original medical purposes after the Soviet takeover, but patients were mainly children and young people. Between 1985 and mid 90’s, the facility was used in treating neuropsychiatric disorders associated with drug addiction. This continued on until the decision was made to finally close it.
In 2015, the Internet viral video called 11B-X-1371 was found to have been filmed at the abandoned facility, though by whom and when, exactly, are not known.
Week: 38
Circumference: 43"
Belly Button: Looks like its pouting. Maybe it is.
Enjoying: Enough energy for a day-long improv class. Making some progress at 1.5cm dilation.
Feeling: Some signs of labor. The baby definitely dropped. I don't know why they call it lightening since it feels very heavy. I feel like the inside of my tailbone is bruised.
Movement: She's been squirmy. Especially at night. A little less so today but still in the "things are OK" range.
Sleep: A lot harder to come by this week. Either my brain is racing, I'm uncomfortable or a Braxton-Hicks contraction wakes me up. One dead-to the world sleep last night since the contractions let up for about a day.
Food: Pretty much standard eating habits. Got some fruit popsicles which have been tasting very good. Been craving chocolate pudding. But that is completely normal for me.
Anticipating: The end of the waiting. I've been tying up as many loose ends at work as possible.
from the airplane window
1972
above the clouds
part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
Cadets with Squadron 38 commission at the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colo., April 17, 2020. Nearly 1,000 cadets graduate April 18 joining both U.S. Air and Space Forces. (U.S. Air Force photo by Ryan Hall)
Cadets with Squadron 38 commission at the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colo., April 17, 2020. Nearly 1,000 cadets graduate April 18 joining both U.S. Air and Space Forces. (U.S. Air Force photo by Ryan Hall)
overton, nevada
1972
valley of fire state park
part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
Jon Goodman.
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ORIGINAL IMAGE BY MIKE DUER from a color slide.
Digitized and processed by Tom Simpson.
Taken for April 2014: A month in 30 pictures. En route for the south of France, chasing the sunset. Also #38 for 114 pictures in 2014 group - Dawn or Dusk. (This is dusk - obviously!)
Cooper doesn't like getting his photo taken. A lot of times he moves away before I can focus my camera. I outsmarted him this time by focusing on the back of his head. Then I called him. Nyahahahaha!
Kao - 1 | Cooper - 0
near las vegas, nevada
1972
mojave desert
(partial / beginning of roll)
part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
Room 29
York Beach, ME
Look, I'm as sick of this project as you are. Let's just get this onslaught of my face over with, shall we? We've got a lot of other stuff to talk about.
On the 23rd of September, I participated in my first group show with 20 other artists at an old beachside motel in York, Maine. I have many more photos and stories from that weekend to share with you, and share them I will. (I swear, Tara. I'm not lying.) It was an amazing and inspiring night, and I was so grateful to be a part of it.
But what I remember the most from this week was the amount of love and support I felt...the friends and family that drove long distances in the fog and drove home in the rain to come see my room. The flowers and car-lending and the million other generosities that amounted to the best first show a girl could have. That's what I remember.