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The mountain of Vestrahorn is a majestic site near Hofn in Iceland that's a must visit on many photographer's lists. We visited in March near the end of winter when the mountain was still covered in snow. I feel this is quite a nice time to visit as the stark white snow contrasts nicely with the black sand beaches and the yellow grassy mounds.
When I first saw pictures of this place I had always thought the mounds would be quite small, maybe about knee high, so it was quite a surprise upon arrival when I saw that most of these mounds were much bigger and taller than a person. Therefore I tried to help capture the scale of the place by incorporating some of my fellow photographers into the shot. There are actually 6 photographers in the picture :)
N A G A N O - J A P A N
Archive December 2011.
Wish you all a beautiful season.
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There is no concrete evidence on who exactly was the first to invent the windmill, whether it was the Chinese or the Persians is up for debate. Regardless, both cultures began using this technology around the same time for the same purposes.
Some believe that the windmill technology was brought to Northern Europe as a result of the crusades, however their horizontal axis design rather than the vertical axis system, makes it just as likely that the Europeans discovered their windmill independently. The first existing illustrations from 1270 A.D. show blue-prints of the post mill type of windmill.
The post mill was composed of a four bladed mill mounted onto a central post, which used wooden cog-and-ring gears to covert the motion of the horizontal shaft to vertical motion that turned a grind stone. According to the Illustrated History of Wind Development, the wooden cog-and-ring gear was used by Vitruvius, an engineer of the Augustan Age, to develop the first horizontal axis water wheel.
The tower mill design is believed to have come into existence around the late 1300s, with the earliest known illustration being of a Normandy Mill between 1430 and 1440. The tower mill was made with sloping walls, a cap that could be rotated, a horizontal wind shaft, and vertical sails.
The smock mill, developed by the Dutch in 1526 based on the tower mill, is a vertical tapered tower with four to six sides topped with a cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind. The smock mill was named from its resemblance to the smocks worn by farmers at the time.
Over the next 500 years windmills gained many diverse applications beyond just water-pumping and grinding grain including irrigation, drainage pumping, saw milling of timber, and processing tobacco, spices, cocoa, paints, and dyes.
The intermountain west is dry. Drought dry, The snowpack lagging ominously. Last week's storms rectified this somewhat, thankfully. And afforded some winter charm.
(this is a re-edit of an earlier post, which was quite popular with its 350 faves (and I thank you for that!) but I'm sorry to say that my feelings about that image have changed and I've deleted it; this gently edited version much better reflects my current sensibilities)
A cold day with a cutting wind but beautifully sunny. Those leaves refuse to go. They are hanging on desperately, shivering and shaking with every gust.
Thank you for your visit, kind comments and fave. Always greatly appreciated. :-)
Winter is on my head, but eternal spring is in my hearth. Thanks for Your visit and comments. Enjoy your week and keep healthy, my friends):
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Braving the winter chill, I ventured out into my garden with camera in hand. I ended up with soggy socks, but also some images of the amazing beauty that remains even after the colorful flowers have gone.
"I've been a dweller on the plains,
have sighed when summer days were gone; no more I'll sigh; for winter here
Hath gladsome gardens of his own." ~ Dorothy Wordsworth