View allAll Photos Tagged weakness
Drowning in this world of hate.
Screaming as you see your fate.
Hiding from the truth inside.
Anger surging like rising tides.
Engulfing you with all its might.
It's no longer worth the fight.
You're taken in, you've paid the toll.
Leaving nothing but a cold dark soul.
Mirit Ben Nun: Shortness of breath
'Shortness of breath' is not only a sign of physical weakness, it is a metaphor for a mental state of strong desire that knows no repletion; more and more, an unbearable glut, without repose. Mirit Ben Nun's type of work on the other hand requires an abundance of patience. This is a Sisyphean work (requiring hard labor) of marking lines and dots, filling every empty millimeter with brilliant blots. Therefore we are facing a paradox or a logical conflict. A patient and effortful work that stems from an urgent need to cover and fill, to adorn and coat. Her craft of layering reaches a state of a continuous ceremonial ritual.
This ritual digests every object into itself - useful or discarded -- available and ordinary or rare and exceptional -- they submit and devote to the overlay work. Mirit BN gathers scrap off the streets -- cardboard rolls of fabric, assortments of wooden boards and pieces, plates and planks -- and constructs a new link, her own syntax, which she alone is fully responsible for. The new combination -- a type of a sculptural construction -- goes through a process of patching by the act of painting.
In fact Mirit regards her three dimensional objects as a platform for painting, with a uniform continuity, even if it has obstacles, mounds and valleys. These objects beg her to paint, to lay down colors, to set in motion an intricate weave of abstract patterns that at times finds itself wandering the contours of human images and sometimes -- not. In those cases what is left is the monotonous activity of running the patterns, inch by inch, till their absolute coverage, till a short and passing instant of respite and than on again to a new onset.
Next to this assembly of garbage and it's recycling into 'painted sculptures' Mirit offers a surprising reunion between her illustrated objects and so called cheap African sculpture; popular artifacts or articles that are classified in the standard culture as 'primitive'.
This combination emphasizes the difference between her individualistic performance and the collective creation which is translated into cultural clichés. The wood carved image creates a moment of peace within the crowded bustle; an introverted image, without repetitiveness and reverberation. This meeting of strangers testifies that Mirit' work could not be labeled under the ´outsiders art´ category. She is a one woman school who is compelled to do the art work she picked out to perform. Therefore she isn't creating ´an image´ such as the carved wooden statues, but she produces breathless ´emotional jam' whose highest values are color, motion, beauty and plenitude. May it never lack, neither diluted, nor dull for even an instant
Tali Tamir
August 2010
Today it's official. The Cactus has left the stage.Time to look back at a short 14 months of ownership. In all it's a fairly comfortable ride with its strength and weakness.
My Cactus was fitted with the highest trim level (shine) which meant it had sat nav, 16" Square gris rims, rear parking sensors and camera, privacy glass in the rear and things as daylight sensor with automatic lights and a rain sensor.
The engine was a 82 hp 3 cylinder engine with a 5-speed automated manual gearbox. This is not your traditional automatic gearbox but a manual gearbox that has been transformed into an automatic one.
The interior was in black and blue fabric to match the Blue Lagoon outside of the car. This is, in my opinion, one of the most fun colors for the C4 Cactus. In the beginning, My girlfriend and I where in doubt between Hello Yellow and Blue Lagoon.
The Cactus is really comfortable to drive. It knows how to filter out most of the bumps in city trafic. Because it's not that big (4157mm long, 1729mm wide and 1450 mm high) it's easy to manouvre in small city streets. Because it's fairly light (just 950 kg) it doesn't need a huge engine, making the 82 horsepower enough in daily traffic.
The ride height gives it a bit of a tough look, this also means that it can be used outside the normal roads. I've taken it into fields and dirt roads a couple of times and never got stuck or missed power.
In a car with a color this bright you never go through traffic unnoticed. Especially (young) kids seem to love this car. More then once I heared children telling their mum or dad how nice they thought this car is.
Regardless of the small outside dimensions it really is a spacious and practical car. With 1.87 meters I'm no giant but not small either. Still I could take place behind myself quite easily. With 358 liters the boot of the car also was large enough. With the rear seats down it even had 1170 liters of luggage space.
Then the downsides. Because of al the weight reduction they left out some soundproofing. This means that it is a bit noisy on higher speed. At motorway speeds (+/- 120 km/h) it's also a bit thirsty. You can definitly tell the tiny engine has to work hard to take it up to speed and keep it there.
Also the overal quality is what one might expect with a cheap family car. That being said, the dashboard is covered with grat material which looks and feels very nice. It's the door panels where you find plastic of the hard, cheap kind (that also scratches quite easy)
The gearbox is in my opinion the biggest downside of this car. If I where to do it all over I'd go for the manual gearbox. This robotised manual gearbox is just too slow in its respons. Also it sometimes choses to shift back or up in the worst possible moment. For instance it could go back to first gear just when you saw a small opening on a road you want to enter. meaning you had to wait a few seconds untill there was a connection between the engine and the wheels, just enough time for your opening to disappear.
It did prove to be reliable. In 31.000 kilometers the only thing outside normal maintenance was a worn out stability rod so nothing shocking there.
Finally a short summary:
+Great design, in and outside
+It does have the Fun factor
+Great drivability in the city and even offroad
+Practical
+Good fuel economy in the city
+High quality dashboard
-Noisy at speed
-Not economical at speed
-Terrible gearbox
-Cheap feel of some interior parts
for my pictures I wanted to show the strengths and weaknesses as a cheerleader. cheerleading isn't just a sport, its also being a role model for your school. for example, we cheer for our football and basketball teams. we do fundraisers for our school. I can say a lot more. I wanted my pictures to tell a story in the cheerleaders life.
For my photos, I wanted the cheerleaders to show in a picture of strengths and weaknesses for us as a cheerleader. During that process I showed a cheerleader reading a book on the school staircase as you can see above. I wanted us students to see that juggling around a sport and school can be difficult, this can show a weakness. following my second photo, you see a cheerleader crouched down. I see this as an example of stress. for example, going to the games, practices, spirit wear for our school, and being a role model. this would also show weakness as a cheerleader in a picture. My next photo i had taken shows three cheerleaders talking and figuring out as a group what to do for this game. a good strength in cheerleaders is were good at working together as a group or family, which would be a strength in this photo. The last photo i had taken was about four cheerleaders working for a half time dance we could do. this would kinda be like the last photo since they are working together in a group and talking but what makes this photo unique is by they are doing this during a game. a strength as a cheerleader is timing, which is learning stuff quickly. For my last photo, which is kinda above everyones photo, would be a cheerleader showing spirit after a cheer. Another strength for a cheerleader is having good motivation for everything you do as a cheerleader.
For my five photos, i think i showed a lot of strengths and weaknesses as a cheerleader to tell a story in a picture. i think i should have went with one basic color meaning all black and white or all colored photos but i don't think it really mattered much. another thing i could of done better is get different girls for every photo then using one girl for half my photos. i do think i had captured the strengths and weaknesses for my five photos for this final project.
Akrasia (ancient Greek: ἀκρασία) could be called 'the goddess of distraction' or 'the thief of time'.
"This made her think of akrasia, weakness of the will, by which we do that which we really want to do in the full knowledge that we should be doing something else..." (from Alexander McCall Smith: Friends, Lovers, Chocolate)
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The Newcastle town wall is a medieval defensive wall, and Scheduled Ancient Monument, in Newcastle upon Tyne, northern England. It was built during the 13th and 14th centuries, and helped protect the town from attack and occupation during times of conflict. It was approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) long, at least 2 metres (6.5 ft) thick, up to 7.6 metres (25 ft) high, and had six main gates: Close Gate, West Gate, New Gate, Pilgrim Gate, Pandon Gate and Sand Gate. It also had seventeen towers, as well as several smaller turrets and postern gates. The town wall was kept in good repair whilst there was a threat of invasion from Scottish armies, and the town was successfully defended on at least two occasions; but with the decline of the border wars between England and Scotland, the wall was allowed to deteriorate.
During the English Civil War, the Scots were able to breach the wall using mines and artillery. By the mid-18th century the wall had become obsolete and, as the town was redeveloped, large sections were demolished leaving only parts standing. The most substantial remains are the West Walls, on the western side of the city.
Construction
The town wall was constructed during the 13th and 14th centuries to repel Scottish invaders. Newcastle is about 97 kilometres (60 mi) from the River Tweed, which marks the border between England and Scotland, as it did then. At that time there was a power struggle between England and Scotland, that eventually led to the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scottish kings were always ready to take advantage of any weakness in English rule to invade the North of England. An example of this is David I of Scotland, who took advantage of the civil war between Stephen and Matilda to invade Northumberland in three successive years—1136–8. In the Treaty of Durham (1139), David's son Henry was given the earldom of Northumberland. Newcastle was not included in this grant but the Scots ignored this clause and occupied Newcastle until 1157. Although the town had a strong castle, built by Robert Curthose in 1080, and improved by Henry II between 1172 and 1177, it did not provide sufficient protection for the local merchants' properties, and so it was decided that a fortified town wall was needed.
A special tax, or "murage", was levied by the borough to pay for the construction, murus being Latin for wall. It was first levied in 1265, so it can be assumed that construction began soon after that date. The payment of murage continued for the next hundred years, so construction was probably not finished until at least the mid-14th century.
The plans for the route of the wall changed somewhat during construction. In the original plan, the castle was to be included in the wall as a strongpoint. However, the castle was set on high ground above the river bank and there were strong objections to this route, as it would miss out the area by the river where many of the principal burgesses lived, leaving their residences without protection. The route was therefore changed so that the wall turned southward at the Neville Tower and ran down to the river. A similar adjustment to the route was made to the east of the city. In 1299 the village of Pandon was formally incorporated as part of the city, and so the wall made a sharp turn to the east to skirt around Pandon until it reached the river. From Pandon, the wall ran westward along the river, separating the town from the quay. Here, the wall was pierced by a number of water gates that allowed access to the river for loading and unloading of ships. In 1616 it was ordered that these gates were to be closed at night to prevent servants from throwing rubbish into the river. One or two were left open to allow seamen to return to their ships, but these were watched all night.
"the strength and magnificens of the waulling of this town far passeth al the waulles of the cities of England, and most of the townes of Europe."
—John Leland.
When completed, the wall was approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) long, at least 2 metres (6.5 ft) thick and up to 7.6 metres (25 ft) high. It had six main gateways and seventeen towers as well as several smaller turrets and postern gates. The towers projected out from the walls and were within bowshot of each other, so that attackers trying to scale the walls were exposed to fire from both sides (i.e., from the towers), as well as from the front (i.e., from the walls). The postern gates were provided for institutions, such as the Dominican Order of Blackfriars and the Hospital of St Mary the Virgin (which still exists as an almshouse charity), so that they could access their property outside the walls. Even before the walls were complete, they were supplemented by an outer ditch, known as the King's Dyke. The ditch was over 11 metres (36 ft) wide and 4.5 metres (15 ft) deep in front of the Herber and Morden Towers. It was completed by 1317.
Subsequent history
The town wall was kept in good repair whilst there was a threat of invasion from the Scots. In 1342, David II of Scotland invaded Northumberland and laid siege to Newcastle, without success. In 1388, another Scottish army under the Earl of Douglas assaulted the town, but was repulsed. As the border wars between England and Scotland became less frequent, and in particular following the union of the two crowns in 1603, the wall was allowed to deteriorate.
In 1640, during the Bishops' Wars and in 1644, during the English Civil War, Scottish armies were able to invade Newcastle despite the presence of the town wall. In 1648 the Parliamentarian governor had the wall repaired. Further repairs were carried out in 1667. During the Jacobite rebellions of 1715 and 1745, it was substantially strengthened in preparation for an invading Jacobite army, but there were no attacks on those occasions. A long decline then began, during which the wall was demolished piecemeal to make way for new developments and to create better access to the town centre. The last repairs to the wall were made in the early 19th century, during the Napoleonic Wars. After this it was thought that the town no longer needed a defensive barrier.[
The first part of the wall to be demolished was the stretch on the quayside, as it was regarded as "a very great obstacle to carriages and a hindrance to the despatch of business". The quayside section was pulled down in 1763 and the Sand Gate followed in 1798.
Gates
There were six main gateways through the wall, they were (clockwise from western end):
Close Gate – This gate was situated at the end of Close, the street that ran west from Sandhill, parallel with the river. In early times, Close was the principal residence of the wealthy traders of the town, and was lined with merchants’ houses backing on to the river, with their own wharves. It is believed that the town wall ran only a short distance eastwards along the river from the Close Gate.[11] On the north side of the Close Gate was the Whitefriars Tower, and it was the section of wall near there that the Scottish forces under General Leven broke through in the siege of 1644, after breaching the wall by use of mines and artillery fire. Close Gate was demolished in 1797.
West Gate – This gate led to the West Road which followed the line of the old Roman Wall. It had large oak gates and iron doors, and was described by the antiquary, John Leland, as "a mightye strong thinge." It was, at one time, used as a prison, and later became the hall of the incorporated company of House Carpenters. 17 prisoners were held there during the Civil War, but they managed to escape. It was demolished in 1811.
New Gate – This gate had heavy fortifications, and from 1399, these were used as the town gaol. Condemned prisoners would be taken from there along Gallowgate to the gallows on the Town Moor. East and west wings were constructed in 1702 and 1706, respectively; a north gate was later added. By 1820, the gaol was considered to be in a poor state of repair and insecure. A new gaol was built in Carliol Square, and the demolition of New Gate began in June 1823. The east wing was pulled down first, followed by the west wing and the north gate; the oldest part of the structure remained standing but, despite opposition, it was removed the following September. New Gate is believed to have replaced an earlier gateway known as Berwick Gate.
Pilgrim Gate or Pilgrim Street Gate – This gate, at the north end of Pilgrim Street, led out towards Jesmond. Pilgrims would use this gate when travelling to St Mary's Chapel, which was situated overlooking what is now Jesmond Dene; the chapel's ruins survive. A room above the Gate was used by the Joiners' Company. It was demolished in 1802.
Pandon Gate – This gate led northeast from the village of Pandon and had folding iron gates, but no portcullis. Until 1648, it was used as a hall for the Barber Chirurgeons. It was demolished in 1795.
Sand Gate – This gate led to the riverbank to the east of the town. It was demolished in 1798.
Until 1695 the Gates were closed at night.
The walls today
Large amounts of the wall were demolished during the 18th and 19th centuries; the most substantial remains are on the western side of the city. The longest continuous section runs the length of Back Stowell Street, in the Chinatown area. It includes three towers: Herber Tower, Morden Tower and Ever Tower; since 1964, Morden Tower has been used as a venue for poetry readings. At the northern end of this section, the wall has been cut through by St Andrew's Street, with fragmentary remains in St Andrew's churchyard, opposite; at the southern end, Stowell Street cuts through onto Bath Lane. The outer ditch has been recreated along this part of the wall. From Stowell Street, a complete section of wall, which includes Durham Tower, stretches southeast along Bath Lane, ending close to Westgate Road. The walls between Westgate Road and St Andrew's Street are known as the West Walls. Near the river, a partially demolished section of wall is visible on the steep bank between Hanover Street and Close which, between the 1840s and the 1980s, was covered by warehouses. Another substantial portion of the wall stands north of Hanover Street, adjacent to Orchard Street, and the excavated foundations of Gunner Tower can be seen in Pink Lane. On the eastern side of the city stand three towers: Plummer Tower in Croft Street, Corner Tower at the junction of City Road and Melbourne Street, and Sallyport Tower in Tower Street. Plummer Tower was modified by the Company of Cutlers in the 17th century, and the Company of Masons, who added an upper storey and a new western facade, in the 18th century. Sallyport Tower was altered by the addition of a banqueting hall on the first floor in 1716 which was used by the Shipwrights' Company. The walls are a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
Kans grass (Saccharum spontaneum) (Hindi: काँस kām̥s, Oriya: କାଶତଣ୍ଡି kāśataṇḍi) Assamese: কঁহুৱা, খাগৰী kahuwa, khagori is a grass native to the Indian Subcontinent. It is a perennial grass, growing up to three meters in height, with spreading rhizomatous roots.(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharum_spontaneum)
It grows as wasteland weed. It is considered as valuable medicinal herb in traditional systems of medicine in India. It is popular folk medicine.
According to Ayurveda, roots are sweet, astringent, emollient, refrigerant, diuretic, lithotriptic, purgative, tonic, aphrodisiac and useful in treatment of dyspepsia, burning sensation, piles, sexual weakness, gynecological troubles, respiratory troubles etc.
Other Uses
Planted to check soil-erosion.
Culm suitable for pulp to prepare different grades of papers.
Leaves are used for thatching.
Leaves are employed for cordage and broom.
Possess strong Allelochemicals and Allelopathic properties.
Used as material for sugarcane breeding.
Having religious importance.(www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/kans.html)
It heralds the onset of Autumn and the general festivities.
A Cod Liver Oil concoction claiming to be a remedy for Scrofula, Weakness of the Lungs, Consumption, Loss of Flesh and those always bothersome Diseases of Children! The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 put a stop to most all outrageous claims. Scott's Emulsion is sold to this day! Although no longer widely used in the United States it remains popular in Asia and Central and South America.
More info here:
www.chemheritage.org/discover/media/magazine/articles/28-...
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The weakness of the US-Dollar caused that some Bertone-GTV built to plan during the last 3 years of production (1975-1977) were not shipped to the United States but sold from stock into the Benelux-Countries in 1978 when then series had had expired..
engine:
twin-cam (dohc) / 111 PS / 1962 cc / R4-cylinders / injection / 84 mm × 88.5 mm (bore×stroke)
Mirit Ben Nun: Shortness of breath
'Shortness of breath' is not only a sign of physical weakness, it is a metaphor for a mental state of strong desire that knows no repletion; more and more, an unbearable glut, without repose. Mirit Ben Nun's type of work on the other hand requires an abundance of patience. This is a Sisyphean work (requiring hard labor) of marking lines and dots, filling every empty millimeter with brilliant blots. Therefore we are facing a paradox or a logical conflict. A patient and effortful work that stems from an urgent need to cover and fill, to adorn and coat. Her craft of layering reaches a state of a continuous ceremonial ritual.
This ritual digests every object into itself - useful or discarded -- available and ordinary or rare and exceptional -- they submit and devote to the overlay work. Mirit BN gathers scrap off the streets -- cardboard rolls of fabric, assortments of wooden boards and pieces, plates and planks -- and constructs a new link, her own syntax, which she alone is fully responsible for. The new combination -- a type of a sculptural construction -- goes through a process of patching by the act of painting.
In fact Mirit regards her three dimensional objects as a platform for painting, with a uniform continuity, even if it has obstacles, mounds and valleys. These objects beg her to paint, to lay down colors, to set in motion an intricate weave of abstract patterns that at times finds itself wandering the contours of human images and sometimes -- not. In those cases what is left is the monotonous activity of running the patterns, inch by inch, till their absolute coverage, till a short and passing instant of respite and than on again to a new onset.
Next to this assembly of garbage and it's recycling into 'painted sculptures' Mirit offers a surprising reunion between her illustrated objects and so called cheap African sculpture; popular artifacts or articles that are classified in the standard culture as 'primitive'.
This combination emphasizes the difference between her individualistic performance and the collective creation which is translated into cultural clichés. The wood carved image creates a moment of peace within the crowded bustle; an introverted image, without repetitiveness and reverberation. This meeting of strangers testifies that Mirit' work could not be labeled under the ´outsiders art´ category. She is a one woman school who is compelled to do the art work she picked out to perform. Therefore she isn't creating ´an image´ such as the carved wooden statues, but she produces breathless ´emotional jam' whose highest values are color, motion, beauty and plenitude. May it never lack, neither diluted, nor dull for even an instant
Tali Tamir
August 2010
Tain WWI and WWII War Memorial
Tain Collegiate Church
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Inside the unlit church and I did not have a flash with me.
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OUT OF WEAKNESS WERE MADE STRONG WAXED VALIANT IN FLIGHT TURNED TO FLIGHT THE ARMIES OF THE ALIENS
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1914 - 1918
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IN GRATEFUL
MEMORY
OF THE MEN OF TAIN
WHO FELL
IN THE
GREAT WAR
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Maj. HUGH DUFF, Lovats Scouts.
Maj. WM. ROBERTSON, 4 Seaf:
Maj. ARTHUR YOUNG, Gurkhas.
Lt. P. G. WOLFE MURRAY, R.N.V.R.
Capt. J. HENRY BUDGE, 4 Seaf:
Capt. LORNE CAMPBELL, Can:
Capt. IAN MACKENZIE, 2 Seaf:
Capt. KEITH MACKENZIE, 2 Seaf:
Capt. PERCY M. MACKENZIE, 2 Gdns:
Capt. ANDW. B. ROSS, R.A.M.C.
Lt. A. IAN D. CAMERON, 2 Seaf:
Lt. W. M. CAMERON, Transvaal.
Lt. CHAS. IRVINE, Royal Scots.
Lt. W. R. KENNEDY, 4 Gdns:
Lt. Eric MACKENZIE, R.F.A.
Lt. GEO. A. MACKENZIE, 8 Gdns:
Lt. ALASTAIR MACRAE, 5 Seaf:
Lt. CHAS. E. MACRAE, 4 Seaf:
Lt. THOS. MUNRO, 7 Seaf:
Lt. DON. ROSS, S. Afr. Scot:
C.S.M. D. A. MACKENZIE, Can:
C.S.M. ROBERT MURRAY, R.H.
C.S.M. DON. ROSS, 10 Gdns:
SGT. W. ANDERSON, 4 Seaf:
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Sgt. ALLAN CAMERON, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. ANDREW FRASER, 4 GDNS:
Sgt. DON. FRASER, Lov. Scouts.
Sgt. ANGUS FRIDGE, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. ALEX. GRAHAM, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. D. R. HEPBURN, 5 Seaf:
Sgt. J. MACGILLIVRAY, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. SIMON MACKENZIE, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. A. WALLACE MUNRO, Can:
Sgt. JAMES ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. JOHN ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. ROBERT ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. DAVID URQUHART, R. Sc:
Cpl. WILLIAM FRIDGE, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. CHARLES GORDON, 4 Gdns:
Cpl. GEORGE GRAHAM, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. JAMES MACDONALD, 5 Gdns:
Cpl. EWART MACKAY, R.S.F.
Cpl. ALEX. MACKENZIE, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. D. A. MACKENZIE, R. Dragns:
Cpl. WILLIAM MUNRO, Can:
Cpl. HUGH ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. ALEX. SCLATER, 2 Camerons.
Cpl. WM. SUTHERLAND, Seaf.
L/Cpl. KENNETH ROS, 6 Camerons.
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L/Cpl. J. CAMPBELL, Australians.
L/Cpl. WM. CHRISTIE, Lewis G.C.
L/Cpl. ALEX. LEARMONTH, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. W. McCULLOCH, 2 Seaf:
L/Cpl. A. MACKENZIE, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. MAL. MACLEAN, 12 R.Sc:
L/Cpl. COLIN MACRAE, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. JAMES MUNRO, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. JOHN MUNRO, 7 Camerons.
L/Cpl. JOHN NICOL, Essex Rgt:
L/Cpl. JAS. SANGSTER, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JOHN ADAMSON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. W. BRUCE, Vancouver Seaf:
Pte. K. R. CAMERON, Australians.
Pte. H. CAMPBELL, A. & S. H.
Pte. T. CAMPBELL, 3 Seaf:
Pte. MAL. CHRISTIE, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAMES CORMACK, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JOHN EWING, 3 Seaf:
Pte. THOS. EWING, 4 Seaf:
Pte. A. FARQUHAR, 4 Seaf:
Pte. DON. FORBES, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAS. FORBES, 4 Seaf:
Pte. WM. FORBES, 2 Seaf:
Pte. WM. GRAHAM, 4 Seaf:
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Pte. JAS. GRANT, P. O. Rifles.
Pte. A. HARPER, R.A.M.C.
Pte. JOHN HENRY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. J. MACDONALD, 2 Gdns...:
Pte. ALEX. MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. ANDW. MACKAY, Lov. Sc:
Pte. FRED MACKAY, 3 Seaf:
Pte. HUBERT MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. LACH. MACKAY, Australians.
Pte. J. A. MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. MUNRO MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. W. MACKAY, Australians.
Pte. J. MACKENZIE, 4 Camerons.
Pte. J. D. MACKENZIE, S. Afr. Sc:
Pte. J. G. MACKENZIE, Seaf:
Pte. R. C. MACKENZIE, H. L. I.
Pte. W. MACKENZIE, Australians.
Pte. W. J. MACKENZIE, S. Afric:
Pte. ALEX MACLEOD, 4 Seaf:
Pte. G. MACLEOD, Canadians.
Pte. G. MATHESON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. R. MICHAEL, 4 Seaf:
Pte. G. MITCHELL, 4 Seaf:
Pte. D. J. MORRISON, 4 Seaf:
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Pte. DONALD MUNRO, M. G. C.
Pte. KENNETH MUNRO, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAS. NESS, Lov. Scouts.
Pte. D. A. PATIENCE, 4 Seaf:
Pte. J. PERCY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAS. ROBERTSON, H. L. I.
Pte. ANDREW ROSE, Seaf:
Pte. ALEX ROSS, R. A. M. C.
Pte. ALEX ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Pte. ANDW. ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Pte, DONALD ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Pte. HECTOR ROSS, H. L. I.
Pte. JAMES ROSS, 6 Seaf:
Pte. WILLIAM ROSS, Can:
Pte. JOHN SKINNER, 4 Seaf:
Dmr. J. G. SUTHERLAND, 4 Seaf:
Sapper A. THOMSON, R. E.
Dvr. H. G. URQUHART, Ross M. B.
Pte. MATTHEW URQUHART, Can:
Pte. ROD URQUHART, S. Afric:
Pte. JAMES WATT, 4 Gdns:
Pte. P. WILLIAMSON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. RON. WILLIAMSON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. THOS. WILLIAMSON, 4 Seaf:
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1939 - 1945
Pte J. BIRNIE, 4 Seaforths
Cpl. G. CHRISTIE, A/Corps.
F/O G. R. DAVIDSON, R.A.F.
Sgt. J. DAVIDSON, R.A.F.
A.B, K. J. EWEN, Merchant N.
Pte. A. M. FORSYTH, 4 Seaf:
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A.C.2 C. FOX, R.A.F.
A.C.2 A. M. FRASER, R.A.F.
A. S. FRASER, Dutch H.G.
Pte. J. K. FRASER, Black Watch.
C.P.O. A. D. GRANT, R.N.
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C.P.O. R. R. GRANT, R.N.
C.S.M. C. MACKAY, W.A.E.
Pte. H. MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
F/O J. G. MACLEOD, R.C.A.F.
Sgt. Pilot R. MACLEOD, R.A.F.
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P/O W. R. D. MACLEOD, R.A.F.
C.S.M. J. MUNRO, Army Air Corps.
Fus. J. H. ROBERTSON, R.S.F.
A.C.1 F. ROSS, R.A.F.
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L/Cpl. W. D. ROSS, 7 Seaforths.
Tpr. W. U. ROSS, Lovats Scouts.
A.B. M. ROSS, R.N.
Pte. T. D. SUTHERLAND, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. F. TOUGH, R.A.F.
Pte. W. WILLIAMSON, 5 Seaf.
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St Duthus's Collegiate Church, Tain
ID:MHG31333
Type of record:Monument
Name:St. Duthus's Church, graveyard, Tain
Grid Reference:NH 7801 8216
Map Sheet:NH78SE
Civil Parish:TAIN
Geographical Area:ROSS AND CROMARTY
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ID:MHG8689
Type of record:Building
Name:St. Duthac's Collegiate Church & churchyard, Castle Brae, Tain
Grid Reference:NH 7802 8219
Map Sheet:NH78SE
Civil Parish:TAIN
Geographical Area:ROSS AND CROMARTY
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ID:MHG44945
Type of record:Monument
Name:St. Duthac's Collegiate Church & churchyard, Castle Brae, Tain
Grid Reference:NH 7802 8219
Map Sheet:NH78SE
Civil Parish:TAIN
Geographical Area:ROSS AND CROMARTY
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Tain, Castle Brae, St Duthus's Collegiate Church
Church (14th Century), Churchyard (Period Unassigned), War Memorial(S) (20th Century)
Site Name Tain, Castle Brae, St Duthus's Collegiate Church
Classification Church (14th Century), Churchyard (Period Unassigned), War Memorial(S) (20th Century)
Alternative Name(s) Collegiate Church Of St Duthac; St Duthac's Church; St Duthus Memorial Church; War Memorial Plaques
Canmore ID 14702
Site Number NH78SE 3
NGR NH 78015 82187
Datum OSGB36 - NGR
Permalink canmore.org.uk/site/14702
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Exposes the weakness of my build. No tiles to fully fit out the decking (the exposed studs aren't right) and so many old bricks on show. But one builds what one can with the pieces available.
1. I am an avid fan of scarves. I have at least 20, solid coloured, plaid, checked, you name the pattern/colour, I have the scarf.
2. My food weakness is grapes. I am a complete glutton when faced with a bag of red grapes. Same with trail mix.
3. Despite my small stature, I'm pretty sure I was a bull moose in a former life as I would be one of the clumsiest people you have ever met. I break stuff all the time, especially at work, I'm realllllly glad it doesn't come out of my pay cheque.
4. I love to look at decorating books and magazines. I waste a lot of time flipping through their pretty pages. I am always wanting to redecorate and renovate.
5. I walk everywhere. I don't drive and don't see the point of taking a bus unless I absolutely have to (especially since the bus service here has a lot of room for improvement), walking is much more interesting.
6. I am a worrier. Especially regarding social situations, I worry constantly about what people think about what I say. I'm very shy and awkward. And I much prefer to write my thoughts than speak them!
7. I make way too many lists. I'm a compulsive list-maker, shopping lists, things to do, goals, books to read...chances are if I've done something it was planned on paper before hand!
8. I think the most interesting thing about my face are my eyes. Are they green? Or are they hazel? Who knows?!
9. I'm a pretty messy cook/baker. It's something that I'm just starting to improve on (I've found that doing prep work helps immensely!).
10. I have two sisters. One younger and one is a twin. Some people swear that my twin and I are indistinguishable while others do not see the resemblance at all!
11. Even though I complain about it a lot, I still get that childhood excitement about snow. I think it's pretty and kind of magical, ha ha. Ice, slush and freezing rain however, are completely separate from this viewpoint. And blizzards.
12. Ever since I was in my early teens, I have been a huge fan of The Who. Other bands have come and went but The Who have always remained in the top songs of my playlist.
13. I've only just begun to wear clothes that are not black. I never wore black in a depressed, emo-like way though, I just bought clothes that I liked and they just so happened to have been black. Then I started wearing shades (gray for example). And now I'm wearing colour but still only dark clothes. Navy is becoming a favourite.
14. Even though I have been to every province except one (BC) and quite a number of states, I have never been on a plane. Not once. I would love to travel someday though, especially to Europe.
15. You can tell how I'm feeling temperature wise by looking at my feet. If I'm hot, they turn a bright (and I mean bright!) red and when I'm cold they turn a pale purple. That doesn't sound too remarkable but someone will always comment on them!
16. I absolutely despise the sound of a ticking clock. No sound is more irritating to me.
Mirit Ben Nun: Shortness of breath
'Shortness of breath' is not only a sign of physical weakness, it is a metaphor for a mental state of strong desire that knows no repletion; more and more, an unbearable glut, without repose. Mirit Ben Nun's type of work on the other hand requires an abundance of patience. This is a Sisyphean work (requiring hard labor) of marking lines and dots, filling every empty millimeter with brilliant blots. Therefore we are facing a paradox or a logical conflict. A patient and effortful work that stems from an urgent need to cover and fill, to adorn and coat. Her craft of layering reaches a state of a continuous ceremonial ritual.
This ritual digests every object into itself - useful or discarded -- available and ordinary or rare and exceptional -- they submit and devote to the overlay work. Mirit BN gathers scrap off the streets -- cardboard rolls of fabric, assortments of wooden boards and pieces, plates and planks -- and constructs a new link, her own syntax, which she alone is fully responsible for. The new combination -- a type of a sculptural construction -- goes through a process of patching by the act of painting.
In fact Mirit regards her three dimensional objects as a platform for painting, with a uniform continuity, even if it has obstacles, mounds and valleys. These objects beg her to paint, to lay down colors, to set in motion an intricate weave of abstract patterns that at times finds itself wandering the contours of human images and sometimes -- not. In those cases what is left is the monotonous activity of running the patterns, inch by inch, till their absolute coverage, till a short and passing instant of respite and than on again to a new onset.
Next to this assembly of garbage and it's recycling into 'painted sculptures' Mirit offers a surprising reunion between her illustrated objects and so called cheap African sculpture; popular artifacts or articles that are classified in the standard culture as 'primitive'.
This combination emphasizes the difference between her individualistic performance and the collective creation which is translated into cultural clichés. The wood carved image creates a moment of peace within the crowded bustle; an introverted image, without repetitiveness and reverberation. This meeting of strangers testifies that Mirit' work could not be labeled under the ´outsiders art´ category. She is a one woman school who is compelled to do the art work she picked out to perform. Therefore she isn't creating ´an image´ such as the carved wooden statues, but she produces breathless ´emotional jam' whose highest values are color, motion, beauty and plenitude. May it never lack, neither diluted, nor dull for even an instant
Tali Tamir
August 2010
Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
We're in, I believe, the last day's. People have been making that claim for thousands of years. I'm not saying the worlds ending tomorrow necessarily, but it WILL be, for some.
"For he says, "In the time of my favor I heard you, and in the day of SALVATION I helped you." I tell you, TODAY is the time of God's favor, TODAY is the day of SALVATION." (2 Corinthians 6:2)
So don't put it off, you don't know what tomorrow may bring, or even if YOU will have a tomorrow? We aren't guaranteed tomorrow, only today.
I woke up to a phone call this morning, from my granddaughter, asking, "Are you guy's safe from the fire?" Fire? Fire, I said, what fire? I looked out the bathroom window, and saw we were completely surrounded by FIRE! Our little town of Paradise, in the foot hills of the Sierra's, was going up in flames.. I just had time to put some cloths on and grab my wife and Romeo our little Yorkie and run the Tacoma. Grabbing a few things like this laptop as we headed for the pick-up. We were forced to drive through a WALL of SMOKE and FLAMES. I couldn't see the road in front of me, I was driving blind. But God saved us through the flames.
This fire happened so fast nobody was prepared or had any knowledge of impending doom. Because high winds were blowing the fire through the Feather River Canyon at 55 mph, taking everything with it in its path. Many were caught completely off guard and lost their lives as well as their homes.
Don't take tomorrow for granted, we don't know if there's actually going to be a tomorrow, for any of us? People were found dead in their vehicles, burned alive where they sat in the road trying to escape to safety. None of us know the day or the hour it will be our turn to meet the Lord. We assume we'll have a tomorrow, but that's just wishful thinking, and unrealistic expectations. Never assume anything, be prepared to take the hand of Jesus and step into eternity at any moment.
If you aren't right with the Lord Jesus, get right! It's not like God has made it difficult for us, he's made it anything but difficult, he's made it SUPER EASY. HE isn't willing that ANY should perish, but that ALL might come to repentance.
What does repentance mean exactly? It merely means a change of mind. You turn from your unbelief in Jesus, to Faith in the Living God, who created all things, and without which nothing was created that was created. He is the creator of all things Jesus the Christ. Who LOVED YOU, and GAVE HIMSELF FOR "YOU", so that in HIM, "YOU" might become the righteousness of GOD, in HIM. Remember people none of this is about YOU, it's ALL about what Jesus did, what HE accomplish for us, because we can do NOTHING on our own, in the energy of our flesh. Remember Jesus said, "the flesh counts for NOTHING."
18 All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: 19 that God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, NOT COUNTING MEN'S SINS AGAINST THEM. And he has committed to us the message of reconciliation. 20 We are therefore Christ's ambassadors, as though God were making his appeal through us. We implore you on Christ's behalf: Be reconciled to God. 21 God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that IN HIM WE MIGHT BECOME THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD. (2 Corinthians 5:18-21)
13 When you were dead in your sins and in the uncircumcision of your sinful nature, God made you alive with Christ. HE FORGAVE "ALL" OUR SINS, 14 having canceled the written code, (THE LAW) with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us; he took it away, nailing it to the cross. 15 And having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross (Colossians 2:13-15)
Satan doesn't want people to become conscious of the fact that we were all born Spiritually DEAD, separated from the Life of our Creator living in us. As Adam was in the Garden of Eden. Adam with the help of Eve, stopped believing God, when he said, "on the day you eat thereof, you shall surely die." and decide to believe the lie of satan, when he said, "you shall not die, but become as gods". Needless to say, they didn't become as gods, they traded REAL LIFE, for spiritual DEATH, and lost their relationship with the living God. We were all born in Adam, spiritually dead separated from God. And through Christ Jesus we can regain that Life and relationship with our God through Faith in JESUS.
Believe and know in your heart that Jesus died on the cross to take away YOUR sins from the eyes of God, never to see them again FOREVER. His burial, which is the proof of death, and his RESURRECTED LIFE on the third day. The same Life he wants to impart to you as a FREE GIFT for coming to FAITH HIM. At which time Jesus through the POWER of the HOLY SPIRIT OF GOD, will come to LIVE HIS LIFE IN AND THROUGH "YOU". He said, "Never will I leave YOU, never will I forsake YOU. LIFE "IS" JESUS and NONE of ourselves. It's not about how good we are, it's about HOW GOOD OUR GOD IS! Who loved YOU and gave himself for you, so he could live HIS LIFE in and through "YOU". How simple is that? This isn't rocket science, it's merely FAITH in the one who did it all for us, who could do nothing on our own. To the Praise of the Father, Jesus did it all, just believe and receive EVERLASTING LIFE, the Holy Spirit of God lead YOU from the inside out.
Nobody will ever go to Hell because of THEIR SINS, plural. Because ALL sins of the flesh have BEEN dealt with ONCE AND FOR ALL! Only the sin of rejecting the Son of God, and thereby remaining in the condition we were in at birth, spiritually dead and separated from the God. Don't make the mistake of rejecting the Jesus! God has made this very easy for us, just BELIEVE in JESUS and thou SHALT BE SAVED!
------------------------ JESUS ✝️ SAVES -------------------------
Grace and Peace to you from God our Father in the Lord Jesus Christ, FOREVER! Through Faith in Jesus!
10 The thief comes only to STEAL and KILL and DESTROY; I have come that they may have LIFE, and have it to the FULL. (John 10:10)
Jesus came to bring spiritual LIFE to the spiritually dead and set the captives FREE! FREE from RELIGION, ERROR and outright LIES, so they might serve THE LIVING GOD! In SPIRIT and in TRUTH!
For the best Biblical teaching in the last 2 centuries! Please listen to and down load these FREE audio files that were created with YOU in mind. It's ALL FREE, if you like it, please share it with others. ❤️ ✝️ ❤️
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Tain WWI and WWII War Memorial
Tain Collegiate Church
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Inside the unlit church and I did not have a flash with me.
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OUT OF WEAKNESS WERE MADE STRONG WAXED VALIANT IN FLIGHT TURNED TO FLIGHT THE ARMIES OF THE ALIENS
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1914 - 1918
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IN GRATEFUL
MEMORY
OF THE MEN OF TAIN
WHO FELL
IN THE
GREAT WAR
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Maj. HUGH DUFF, Lovats Scouts.
Maj. WM. ROBERTSON, 4 Seaf:
Maj. ARTHUR YOUNG, Gurkhas.
Lt. P. G. WOLFE MURRAY, R.N.V.R.
Capt. J. HENRY BUDGE, 4 Seaf:
Capt. LORNE CAMPBELL, Can:
Capt. IAN MACKENZIE, 2 Seaf:
Capt. KEITH MACKENZIE, 2 Seaf:
Capt. PERCY M. MACKENZIE, 2 Gdns:
Capt. ANDW. B. ROSS, R.A.M.C.
Lt. A. IAN D. CAMERON, 2 Seaf:
Lt. W. M. CAMERON, Transvaal.
Lt. CHAS. IRVINE, Royal Scots.
Lt. W. R. KENNEDY, 4 Gdns:
Lt. Eric MACKENZIE, R.F.A.
Lt. GEO. A. MACKENZIE, 8 Gdns:
Lt. ALASTAIR MACRAE, 5 Seaf:
Lt. CHAS. E. MACRAE, 4 Seaf:
Lt. THOS. MUNRO, 7 Seaf:
Lt. DON. ROSS, S. Afr. Scot:
C.S.M. D. A. MACKENZIE, Can:
C.S.M. ROBERT MURRAY, R.H.
C.S.M. DON. ROSS, 10 Gdns:
SGT. W. ANDERSON, 4 Seaf:
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Sgt. ALLAN CAMERON, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. ANDREW FRASER, 4 GDNS:
Sgt. DON. FRASER, Lov. Scouts.
Sgt. ANGUS FRIDGE, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. ALEX. GRAHAM, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. D. R. HEPBURN, 5 Seaf:
Sgt. J. MACGILLIVRAY, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. SIMON MACKENZIE, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. A. WALLACE MUNRO, Can:
Sgt. JAMES ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. JOHN ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. ROBERT ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. DAVID URQUHART, R. Sc:
Cpl. WILLIAM FRIDGE, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. CHARLES GORDON, 4 Gdns:
Cpl. GEORGE GRAHAM, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. JAMES MACDONALD, 5 Gdns:
Cpl. EWART MACKAY, R.S.F.
Cpl. ALEX. MACKENZIE, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. D. A. MACKENZIE, R. Dragns:
Cpl. WILLIAM MUNRO, Can:
Cpl. HUGH ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Cpl. ALEX. SCLATER, 2 Camerons.
Cpl. WM. SUTHERLAND, Seaf.
L/Cpl. KENNETH ROS, 6 Camerons.
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L/Cpl. J. CAMPBELL, Australians.
L/Cpl. WM. CHRISTIE, Lewis G.C.
L/Cpl. ALEX. LEARMONTH, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. W. McCULLOCH, 2 Seaf:
L/Cpl. A. MACKENZIE, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. MAL. MACLEAN, 12 R.Sc:
L/Cpl. COLIN MACRAE, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. JAMES MUNRO, 4 Seaf:
L/Cpl. JOHN MUNRO, 7 Camerons.
L/Cpl. JOHN NICOL, Essex Rgt:
L/Cpl. JAS. SANGSTER, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JOHN ADAMSON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. W. BRUCE, Vancouver Seaf:
Pte. K. R. CAMERON, Australians.
Pte. H. CAMPBELL, A. & S. H.
Pte. T. CAMPBELL, 3 Seaf:
Pte. MAL. CHRISTIE, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAMES CORMACK, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JOHN EWING, 3 Seaf:
Pte. THOS. EWING, 4 Seaf:
Pte. A. FARQUHAR, 4 Seaf:
Pte. DON. FORBES, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAS. FORBES, 4 Seaf:
Pte. WM. FORBES, 2 Seaf:
Pte. WM. GRAHAM, 4 Seaf:
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Pte. JAS. GRANT, P. O. Rifles.
Pte. A. HARPER, R.A.M.C.
Pte. JOHN HENRY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. J. MACDONALD, 2 Gdns...:
Pte. ALEX. MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. ANDW. MACKAY, Lov. Sc:
Pte. FRED MACKAY, 3 Seaf:
Pte. HUBERT MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. LACH. MACKAY, Australians.
Pte. J. A. MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. MUNRO MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. W. MACKAY, Australians.
Pte. J. MACKENZIE, 4 Camerons.
Pte. J. D. MACKENZIE, S. Afr. Sc:
Pte. J. G. MACKENZIE, Seaf:
Pte. R. C. MACKENZIE, H. L. I.
Pte. W. MACKENZIE, Australians.
Pte. W. J. MACKENZIE, S. Afric:
Pte. ALEX MACLEOD, 4 Seaf:
Pte. G. MACLEOD, Canadians.
Pte. G. MATHESON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. R. MICHAEL, 4 Seaf:
Pte. G. MITCHELL, 4 Seaf:
Pte. D. J. MORRISON, 4 Seaf:
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Pte. DONALD MUNRO, M. G. C.
Pte. KENNETH MUNRO, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAS. NESS, Lov. Scouts.
Pte. D. A. PATIENCE, 4 Seaf:
Pte. J. PERCY, 4 Seaf:
Pte. JAS. ROBERTSON, H. L. I.
Pte. ANDREW ROSE, Seaf:
Pte. ALEX ROSS, R. A. M. C.
Pte. ALEX ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Pte. ANDW. ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Pte, DONALD ROSS, 4 Seaf:
Pte. HECTOR ROSS, H. L. I.
Pte. JAMES ROSS, 6 Seaf:
Pte. WILLIAM ROSS, Can:
Pte. JOHN SKINNER, 4 Seaf:
Dmr. J. G. SUTHERLAND, 4 Seaf:
Sapper A. THOMSON, R. E.
Dvr. H. G. URQUHART, Ross M. B.
Pte. MATTHEW URQUHART, Can:
Pte. ROD URQUHART, S. Afric:
Pte. JAMES WATT, 4 Gdns:
Pte. P. WILLIAMSON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. RON. WILLIAMSON, 4 Seaf:
Pte. THOS. WILLIAMSON, 4 Seaf:
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1939 - 1945
Pte J. BIRNIE, 4 Seaforths
Cpl. G. CHRISTIE, A/Corps.
F/O G. R. DAVIDSON, R.A.F.
Sgt. J. DAVIDSON, R.A.F.
A.B, K. J. EWEN, Merchant N.
Pte. A. M. FORSYTH, 4 Seaf:
-
A.C.2 C. FOX, R.A.F.
A.C.2 A. M. FRASER, R.A.F.
A. S. FRASER, Dutch H.G.
Pte. J. K. FRASER, Black Watch.
C.P.O. A. D. GRANT, R.N.
-
C.P.O. R. R. GRANT, R.N.
C.S.M. C. MACKAY, W.A.E.
Pte. H. MACKAY, 4 Seaf:
F/O J. G. MACLEOD, R.C.A.F.
Sgt. Pilot R. MACLEOD, R.A.F.
-
P/O W. R. D. MACLEOD, R.A.F.
C.S.M. J. MUNRO, Army Air Corps.
Fus. J. H. ROBERTSON, R.S.F.
A.C.1 F. ROSS, R.A.F.
-
L/Cpl. W. D. ROSS, 7 Seaforths.
Tpr. W. U. ROSS, Lovats Scouts.
A.B. M. ROSS, R.N.
Pte. T. D. SUTHERLAND, 4 Seaf:
Sgt. F. TOUGH, R.A.F.
Pte. W. WILLIAMSON, 5 Seaf.
---
St Duthus's Collegiate Church, Tain
ID:MHG31333
Type of record:Monument
Name:St. Duthus's Church, graveyard, Tain
Grid Reference:NH 7801 8216
Map Sheet:NH78SE
Civil Parish:TAIN
Geographical Area:ROSS AND CROMARTY
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ID:MHG8689
Type of record:Building
Name:St. Duthac's Collegiate Church & churchyard, Castle Brae, Tain
Grid Reference:NH 7802 8219
Map Sheet:NH78SE
Civil Parish:TAIN
Geographical Area:ROSS AND CROMARTY
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ID:MHG44945
Type of record:Monument
Name:St. Duthac's Collegiate Church & churchyard, Castle Brae, Tain
Grid Reference:NH 7802 8219
Map Sheet:NH78SE
Civil Parish:TAIN
Geographical Area:ROSS AND CROMARTY
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Tain, Castle Brae, St Duthus's Collegiate Church
Church (14th Century), Churchyard (Period Unassigned), War Memorial(S) (20th Century)
Site Name Tain, Castle Brae, St Duthus's Collegiate Church
Classification Church (14th Century), Churchyard (Period Unassigned), War Memorial(S) (20th Century)
Alternative Name(s) Collegiate Church Of St Duthac; St Duthac's Church; St Duthus Memorial Church; War Memorial Plaques
Canmore ID 14702
Site Number NH78SE 3
NGR NH 78015 82187
Datum OSGB36 - NGR
Permalink canmore.org.uk/site/14702
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Forester selecting mature pines for cutting. He carefully inspects for overmaturity or other signs of weakness that may predispose the tree to insect or disease attack. All single trees or groups of trees past their prime are harvested. Most of the larger trees in this photo were marked for cutting.
National Archives and Records Administration note: Photographic reports compiled by Harold Weaver illustrate forest management on Indian Reservation forests of Washington and Oregon, mainly on Colville where Weaver was Forest Supervisor before becoming Regional Forester in 1960. Ther are a few photos of California and Montana and reports of scientific field trips.
Photo by: Harold Weaver
Date: c.1943
Image Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Series: Photographic Reports by Harold Weaver, Forester, ca. 1938 - ca. 1966
Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1793 - 1999
National Archives Identifier: 298681
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
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If I have a serious weakness foodwise, it's salt. I can't help it. I've always loved it. It's just so... good. And necessary, darnit. We need it to live. So... what's not to love?
Lately I've thought... Why not "make" my own salt? The ultimate source, the Pacific Ocean, is only a block away. How hard could it be to scoop some water, spread it out on something and let it dry in the sun?
Maybe I'll do that someday. Meantime, I've been shooting nature's dry-salt-making operation on the big rocks at the beach that sit high and dry, except when the tide is at its highest.
I couldn't help tasting it while I was shooting. Sea salt is somehow lighter than the stuff mined from the earth. And somehow more alive.
Sitting outdoors eating salt in the sun reminded me of being a kid, and licking the cows' salt blocks. And eating rock salt in the hay barn.
Ahh, salt. All that and beautiful too.
6/29/11 cblog CONTINUE TO GROW IN HOLINESS & VIRTUE; poly"...confidence..strength in times of weakness..courage..grow in holiness & virtue ..
Acts 12:1-11 "In those days, King Herod laid hands upon some members of the Church to harm them He had James, the brother of John, killed by the sword and when he saw that this was pleasing to the Jews he proceeded to arrest Peter also.–It was the feast of Unleavened Bread.– He had him taken into custody and put in prison under the guard of four squads of four soldiers each He intended to bring him before the people after Passover Peter thus was being kept in prison, but prayer by the Church was fervently being made to God on his behalf. On the very night before Herod was to bring him to trial, Peter, secured by double chains was sleeping between two soldiers, while outside the door guards kept watch on the prison Suddenly the angel of the Lord stood by him and a light shone in the cell. He tapped Peter on the side and awakened him, saying,“Get up quickly.” The chains fell from his wrists. The angel said to him, “Put on your belt and your sandals.” He did so. Then he said to him, “Put on your cloak and follow me.” So he followed him out not realizing that what was happening through the angel was real; he thought he was seeing a vision They passed the first guard, then the second and came to the iron gate leading out to the city, which opened for them by itself They emerged and made their way down an alley and suddenly the angel left him Then Peter recovered his senses and said“Now I know for certain that the Lord sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from all that the Jewish people had been expecting.”
9 Responsorial Psalm R. (5) The angel of the Lord will rescue those who fear him. I will bless the LORD at all times; his praise shall be ever in my mouth Let my soul glory in the LORD; the lowly will hear me and be glad. R. The angel of the Lord will rescue those who f
blessed the man who takes refuge in him R. The angel of the Lord will rescue those who fear him.
2 Tm 4:6-8, 17-18 "I, Paul, am already being poured out like a libation, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have competed well; I have finished the race I have kept the faith From now on the crown of righteousness awaits me, which the Lord, the just judge, will award to me on that day, and not only to me, but to all who have longed for his appearance. The Lord stood by me and gave me strength so that through me the proclamation might be completed and all the Gentiles might hear it. And I was rescued from the lion’s mouth The Lord will rescue me from every evil threat and will bring me safe to his heavenly Kingdom. To him be glory forever and ever. Amen.
Mt 16:13-19 "When Jesus went into the region of Caesarea Philippi he asked his disciples,“Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” They replied, “Some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, still others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Simon Peter said in reply,“You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my heavenly Father. And so I say to you, you are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the Kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
Smoo Cave is a large combined sea cave and freshwater cave in Durness in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland. The cave name is thought to originate from the Norse 'smjugg' or 'smuga', meaning a hole or hiding-place.
Smoo Cave was formed within Early Ordovician dolomites of the Durness Group (also known as the Durness Limestone). The cave has formed along the boundary between the light grey Sangomore Formation and the dark grey, mottled Sailmhor Formation (sometimes called Leopard Rock), both of which form part of the Durness Group succession. These horizons close to the formation boundary are characterised by large and abundant chert nodules which can be found all along the inner stream chamber where they have been left behind after dissolution of the surrounding dolomite.
The cave was formed along two geological lines of weakness by a combination of erosion from the sea and an inland underground stream which has formed the innermost chambers. Upstream of the Allt Smoo which runs into the cave, impermeable quartzites have been faulted against the Durness Limestone, causing the stream to sink down into the carbonate rock soon after it has crossed the contact between the two different rock types.
The cave is unique within the UK in that the first chamber has been formed by the action of the sea, whereas the inner chambers are freshwater passages, formed from rainwater dissolving the carbonate dolomites. Partway through the cave the waters of Allt Smoo also drop in as a 20 metres (66 ft) high waterfall. This is mainly due to the nearby dolomite–quartzite geological boundary where the Allt Smoo stream crosses the impermeable quartzites and sinks on meeting the permeable dolomites.
The cave can be thought of as two caves formed by different mechanisms that have joined together over time. The cave is composed of three main sections: a large sea cave entrance chamber, a waterfall chamber and a short freshwater passage which leads to a terminal sump chamber with some flowstone formations at the rear.
The cave entrance and main chamber have been considerably enlarged by sea action to approximately 40 metres (130 ft) wide and 15 metres (49 ft) high, the largest sea cave entrance in Britain. The entrance is located at the end of a 600 metres (660 yd) long tidal gorge (Geodha Smoo) which was once part of the cave, now collapsed. Several remnant pillars can be seen along the eastern side of the Geodh along with a large section of the previous roof which has been partly buried by the grassy slope (normally covered by rocks spelling out the names of visitors to the cave). The sea rarely enters the sea cave nowadays (only during spring tides) as the area has undergone isostatic uplift.
The present-day cave is 83 metres (272 ft) long up to the terminal sump at the rear of the third chamber/passage. The cave travels further, however, as an active stream of notable size resurges here at all times. Previous dye-testing has linked an underwater passage to an initial sink point in the Allt Smoo stream about 100 metres (330 ft) upstream from the main waterfall, implying that the cave system is at least twice as long as once thought.
Cave divers from the Grampian Speleological Group have dived this sump for a distance of about 40 metres (130 ft), although large volumes of silt and peat in the water have prevented further exploration. It is worth noting that the main waterfall is often dry and will only become active once this upstream sink overflows.
The Highlands is a historical region of Scotland. Culturally, the Highlands and the Lowlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots language replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands. The term is also used for the area north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, although the exact boundaries are not clearly defined, particularly to the east. The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands. The Scottish Gaelic name of A' Ghàidhealtachd literally means "the place of the Gaels" and traditionally, from a Gaelic-speaking point of view, includes both the Western Isles and the Highlands.
The area is very sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and includes the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis. During the 18th and early 19th centuries the population of the Highlands rose to around 300,000, but from c. 1841 and for the next 160 years, the natural increase in population was exceeded by emigration (mostly to Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, and migration to the industrial cities of Scotland and England.) and passim The area is now one of the most sparsely populated in Europe. At 9.1/km2 (24/sq mi) in 2012, the population density in the Highlands and Islands is less than one seventh of Scotland's as a whole.
The Highland Council is the administrative body for much of the Highlands, with its administrative centre at Inverness. However, the Highlands also includes parts of the council areas of Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Moray, North Ayrshire, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.
The Scottish Highlands is the only area in the British Isles to have the taiga biome as it features concentrated populations of Scots pine forest: see Caledonian Forest. It is the most mountainous part of the United Kingdom.
Between the 15th century and the mid-20th century, the area differed from most of the Lowlands in terms of language. In Scottish Gaelic, the region is known as the Gàidhealtachd, because it was traditionally the Gaelic-speaking part of Scotland, although the language is now largely confined to The Hebrides. The terms are sometimes used interchangeably but have different meanings in their respective languages. Scottish English (in its Highland form) is the predominant language of the area today, though Highland English has been influenced by Gaelic speech to a significant extent. Historically, the "Highland line" distinguished the two Scottish cultures. While the Highland line broadly followed the geography of the Grampians in the south, it continued in the north, cutting off the north-eastern areas, that is Eastern Caithness, Orkney and Shetland, from the more Gaelic Highlands and Hebrides.
Historically, the major social unit of the Highlands was the clan. Scottish kings, particularly James VI, saw clans as a challenge to their authority; the Highlands was seen by many as a lawless region. The Scots of the Lowlands viewed the Highlanders as backward and more "Irish". The Highlands were seen as the overspill of Gaelic Ireland. They made this distinction by separating Germanic "Scots" English and the Gaelic by renaming it "Erse" a play on Eire. Following the Union of the Crowns, James VI had the military strength to back up any attempts to impose some control. The result was, in 1609, the Statutes of Iona which started the process of integrating clan leaders into Scottish society. The gradual changes continued into the 19th century, as clan chiefs thought of themselves less as patriarchal leaders of their people and more as commercial landlords. The first effect on the clansmen who were their tenants was the change to rents being payable in money rather than in kind. Later, rents were increased as Highland landowners sought to increase their income. This was followed, mostly in the period 1760–1850, by agricultural improvement that often (particularly in the Western Highlands) involved clearance of the population to make way for large scale sheep farms. Displaced tenants were set up in crofting communities in the process. The crofts were intended not to provide all the needs of their occupiers; they were expected to work in other industries such as kelping and fishing. Crofters came to rely substantially on seasonal migrant work, particularly in the Lowlands. This gave impetus to the learning of English, which was seen by many rural Gaelic speakers to be the essential "language of work".
Older historiography attributes the collapse of the clan system to the aftermath of the Jacobite risings. This is now thought less influential by historians. Following the Jacobite rising of 1745 the British government enacted a series of laws to try to suppress the clan system, including bans on the bearing of arms and the wearing of tartan, and limitations on the activities of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Most of this legislation was repealed by the end of the 18th century as the Jacobite threat subsided. There was soon a rehabilitation of Highland culture. Tartan was adopted for Highland regiments in the British Army, which poor Highlanders joined in large numbers in the era of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1790–1815). Tartan had largely been abandoned by the ordinary people of the region, but in the 1820s, tartan and the kilt were adopted by members of the social elite, not just in Scotland, but across Europe. The international craze for tartan, and for idealising a romanticised Highlands, was set off by the Ossian cycle, and further popularised by the works of Walter Scott. His "staging" of the visit of King George IV to Scotland in 1822 and the king's wearing of tartan resulted in a massive upsurge in demand for kilts and tartans that could not be met by the Scottish woollen industry. Individual clan tartans were largely designated in this period and they became a major symbol of Scottish identity. This "Highlandism", by which all of Scotland was identified with the culture of the Highlands, was cemented by Queen Victoria's interest in the country, her adoption of Balmoral as a major royal retreat, and her interest in "tartenry".
Recurrent famine affected the Highlands for much of its history, with significant instances as late as 1817 in the Eastern Highlands and the early 1850s in the West. Over the 18th century, the region had developed a trade of black cattle into Lowland markets, and this was balanced by imports of meal into the area. There was a critical reliance on this trade to provide sufficient food, and it is seen as an essential prerequisite for the population growth that started in the 18th century. Most of the Highlands, particularly in the North and West was short of the arable land that was essential for the mixed, run rig based, communal farming that existed before agricultural improvement was introduced into the region.[a] Between the 1760s and the 1830s there was a substantial trade in unlicensed whisky that had been distilled in the Highlands. Lowland distillers (who were not able to avoid the heavy taxation of this product) complained that Highland whisky made up more than half the market. The development of the cattle trade is taken as evidence that the pre-improvement Highlands was not an immutable system, but did exploit the economic opportunities that came its way. The illicit whisky trade demonstrates the entrepreneurial ability of the peasant classes.
Agricultural improvement reached the Highlands mostly over the period 1760 to 1850. Agricultural advisors, factors, land surveyors and others educated in the thinking of Adam Smith were keen to put into practice the new ideas taught in Scottish universities. Highland landowners, many of whom were burdened with chronic debts, were generally receptive to the advice they offered and keen to increase the income from their land. In the East and South the resulting change was similar to that in the Lowlands, with the creation of larger farms with single tenants, enclosure of the old run rig fields, introduction of new crops (such as turnips), land drainage and, as a consequence of all this, eviction, as part of the Highland clearances, of many tenants and cottars. Some of those cleared found employment on the new, larger farms, others moved to the accessible towns of the Lowlands.
In the West and North, evicted tenants were usually given tenancies in newly created crofting communities, while their former holdings were converted into large sheep farms. Sheep farmers could pay substantially higher rents than the run rig farmers and were much less prone to falling into arrears. Each croft was limited in size so that the tenants would have to find work elsewhere. The major alternatives were fishing and the kelp industry. Landlords took control of the kelp shores, deducting the wages earned by their tenants from the rent due and retaining the large profits that could be earned at the high prices paid for the processed product during the Napoleonic wars.
When the Napoleonic wars finished in 1815, the Highland industries were affected by the return to a peacetime economy. The price of black cattle fell, nearly halving between 1810 and the 1830s. Kelp prices had peaked in 1810, but reduced from £9 a ton in 1823 to £3 13s 4d a ton in 1828. Wool prices were also badly affected. This worsened the financial problems of debt-encumbered landlords. Then, in 1846, potato blight arrived in the Highlands, wiping out the essential subsistence crop for the overcrowded crofting communities. As the famine struck, the government made clear to landlords that it was their responsibility to provide famine relief for their tenants. The result of the economic downturn had been that a large proportion of Highland estates were sold in the first half of the 19th century. T M Devine points out that in the region most affected by the potato famine, by 1846, 70 per cent of the landowners were new purchasers who had not owned Highland property before 1800. More landlords were obliged to sell due to the cost of famine relief. Those who were protected from the worst of the crisis were those with extensive rental income from sheep farms. Government loans were made available for drainage works, road building and other improvements and many crofters became temporary migrants – taking work in the Lowlands. When the potato famine ceased in 1856, this established a pattern of more extensive working away from the Highlands.
The unequal concentration of land ownership remained an emotional and controversial subject, of enormous importance to the Highland economy, and eventually became a cornerstone of liberal radicalism. The poor crofters were politically powerless, and many of them turned to religion. They embraced the popularly oriented, fervently evangelical Presbyterian revival after 1800. Most joined the breakaway "Free Church" after 1843. This evangelical movement was led by lay preachers who themselves came from the lower strata, and whose preaching was implicitly critical of the established order. The religious change energised the crofters and separated them from the landlords; it helped prepare them for their successful and violent challenge to the landlords in the 1880s through the Highland Land League. Violence erupted, starting on the Isle of Skye, when Highland landlords cleared their lands for sheep and deer parks. It was quietened when the government stepped in, passing the Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act, 1886 to reduce rents, guarantee fixity of tenure, and break up large estates to provide crofts for the homeless. This contrasted with the Irish Land War underway at the same time, where the Irish were intensely politicised through roots in Irish nationalism, while political dimensions were limited. In 1885 three Independent Crofter candidates were elected to Parliament, which listened to their pleas. The results included explicit security for the Scottish smallholders in the "crofting counties"; the legal right to bequeath tenancies to descendants; and the creation of a Crofting Commission. The Crofters as a political movement faded away by 1892, and the Liberal Party gained their votes.
Today, the Highlands are the largest of Scotland's whisky producing regions; the relevant area runs from Orkney to the Isle of Arran in the south and includes the northern isles and much of Inner and Outer Hebrides, Argyll, Stirlingshire, Arran, as well as sections of Perthshire and Aberdeenshire. (Other sources treat The Islands, except Islay, as a separate whisky producing region.) This massive area has over 30 distilleries, or 47 when the Islands sub-region is included in the count. According to one source, the top five are The Macallan, Glenfiddich, Aberlour, Glenfarclas and Balvenie. While Speyside is geographically within the Highlands, that region is specified as distinct in terms of whisky productions. Speyside single malt whiskies are produced by about 50 distilleries.
According to Visit Scotland, Highlands whisky is "fruity, sweet, spicy, malty". Another review states that Northern Highlands single malt is "sweet and full-bodied", the Eastern Highlands and Southern Highlands whiskies tend to be "lighter in texture" while the distilleries in the Western Highlands produce single malts with a "much peatier influence".
The Scottish Reformation achieved partial success in the Highlands. Roman Catholicism remained strong in some areas, owing to remote locations and the efforts of Franciscan missionaries from Ireland, who regularly came to celebrate Mass. There remain significant Catholic strongholds within the Highlands and Islands such as Moidart and Morar on the mainland and South Uist and Barra in the southern Outer Hebrides. The remoteness of the region and the lack of a Gaelic-speaking clergy undermined the missionary efforts of the established church. The later 18th century saw somewhat greater success, owing to the efforts of the SSPCK missionaries and to the disruption of traditional society after the Battle of Culloden in 1746. In the 19th century, the evangelical Free Churches, which were more accepting of Gaelic language and culture, grew rapidly, appealing much more strongly than did the established church.
For the most part, however, the Highlands are considered predominantly Protestant, belonging to the Church of Scotland. In contrast to the Catholic southern islands, the northern Outer Hebrides islands (Lewis, Harris and North Uist) have an exceptionally high proportion of their population belonging to the Protestant Free Church of Scotland or the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Outer Hebrides have been described as the last bastion of Calvinism in Britain and the Sabbath remains widely observed. Inverness and the surrounding area has a majority Protestant population, with most locals belonging to either The Kirk or the Free Church of Scotland. The church maintains a noticeable presence within the area, with church attendance notably higher than in other parts of Scotland. Religion continues to play an important role in Highland culture, with Sabbath observance still widely practised, particularly in the Hebrides.
In traditional Scottish geography, the Highlands refers to that part of Scotland north-west of the Highland Boundary Fault, which crosses mainland Scotland in a near-straight line from Helensburgh to Stonehaven. However the flat coastal lands that occupy parts of the counties of Nairnshire, Morayshire, Banffshire and Aberdeenshire are often excluded as they do not share the distinctive geographical and cultural features of the rest of the Highlands. The north-east of Caithness, as well as Orkney and Shetland, are also often excluded from the Highlands, although the Hebrides are usually included. The Highland area, as so defined, differed from the Lowlands in language and tradition, having preserved Gaelic speech and customs centuries after the anglicisation of the latter; this led to a growing perception of a divide, with the cultural distinction between Highlander and Lowlander first noted towards the end of the 14th century. In Aberdeenshire, the boundary between the Highlands and the Lowlands is not well defined. There is a stone beside the A93 road near the village of Dinnet on Royal Deeside which states 'You are now in the Highlands', although there are areas of Highland character to the east of this point.
A much wider definition of the Highlands is that used by the Scotch whisky industry. Highland single malts are produced at distilleries north of an imaginary line between Dundee and Greenock, thus including all of Aberdeenshire and Angus.
Inverness is regarded as the Capital of the Highlands, although less so in the Highland parts of Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perthshire and Stirlingshire which look more to Aberdeen, Dundee, Perth, and Stirling as their commercial centres.
The Highland Council area, created as one of the local government regions of Scotland, has been a unitary council area since 1996. The council area excludes a large area of the southern and eastern Highlands, and the Western Isles, but includes Caithness. Highlands is sometimes used, however, as a name for the council area, as in the former Highlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service. Northern is also used to refer to the area, as in the former Northern Constabulary. These former bodies both covered the Highland council area and the island council areas of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles.
Much of the Highlands area overlaps the Highlands and Islands area. An electoral region called Highlands and Islands is used in elections to the Scottish Parliament: this area includes Orkney and Shetland, as well as the Highland Council local government area, the Western Isles and most of the Argyll and Bute and Moray local government areas. Highlands and Islands has, however, different meanings in different contexts. It means Highland (the local government area), Orkney, Shetland, and the Western Isles in Highlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service. Northern, as in Northern Constabulary, refers to the same area as that covered by the fire and rescue service.
There have been trackways from the Lowlands to the Highlands since prehistoric times. Many traverse the Mounth, a spur of mountainous land that extends from the higher inland range to the North Sea slightly north of Stonehaven. The most well-known and historically important trackways are the Causey Mounth, Elsick Mounth, Cryne Corse Mounth and Cairnamounth.
Although most of the Highlands is geographically on the British mainland, it is somewhat less accessible than the rest of Britain; thus most UK couriers categorise it separately, alongside Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and other offshore islands. They thus charge additional fees for delivery to the Highlands, or exclude the area entirely. While the physical remoteness from the largest population centres inevitably leads to higher transit cost, there is confusion and consternation over the scale of the fees charged and the effectiveness of their communication, and the use of the word Mainland in their justification. Since the charges are often based on postcode areas, many far less remote areas, including some which are traditionally considered part of the lowlands, are also subject to these charges. Royal Mail is the only delivery network bound by a Universal Service Obligation to charge a uniform tariff across the UK. This, however, applies only to mail items and not larger packages which are dealt with by its Parcelforce division.
The Highlands lie to the north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, which runs from Arran to Stonehaven. This part of Scotland is largely composed of ancient rocks from the Cambrian and Precambrian periods which were uplifted during the later Caledonian Orogeny. Smaller formations of Lewisian gneiss in the northwest are up to 3 billion years old. The overlying rocks of the Torridon Sandstone form mountains in the Torridon Hills such as Liathach and Beinn Eighe in Wester Ross.
These foundations are interspersed with many igneous intrusions of a more recent age, the remnants of which have formed mountain massifs such as the Cairngorms and the Cuillin of Skye. A significant exception to the above are the fossil-bearing beds of Old Red Sandstone found principally along the Moray Firth coast and partially down the Highland Boundary Fault. The Jurassic beds found in isolated locations on Skye and Applecross reflect the complex underlying geology. They are the original source of much North Sea oil. The Great Glen is formed along a transform fault which divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands.
The entire region was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages, save perhaps for a few nunataks. The complex geomorphology includes incised valleys and lochs carved by the action of mountain streams and ice, and a topography of irregularly distributed mountains whose summits have similar heights above sea-level, but whose bases depend upon the amount of denudation to which the plateau has been subjected in various places.
Climate
The region is much warmer than other areas at similar latitudes (such as Kamchatka in Russia, or Labrador in Canada) because of the Gulf Stream making it cool, damp and temperate. The Köppen climate classification is "Cfb" at low altitudes, then becoming "Cfc", "Dfc" and "ET" at higher altitudes.
Places of interest
An Teallach
Aonach Mòr (Nevis Range ski centre)
Arrochar Alps
Balmoral Castle
Balquhidder
Battlefield of Culloden
Beinn Alligin
Beinn Eighe
Ben Cruachan hydro-electric power station
Ben Lomond
Ben Macdui (second highest mountain in Scotland and UK)
Ben Nevis (highest mountain in Scotland and UK)
Cairngorms National Park
Cairngorm Ski centre near Aviemore
Cairngorm Mountains
Caledonian Canal
Cape Wrath
Carrick Castle
Castle Stalker
Castle Tioram
Chanonry Point
Conic Hill
Culloden Moor
Dunadd
Duart Castle
Durness
Eilean Donan
Fingal's Cave (Staffa)
Fort George
Glen Coe
Glen Etive
Glen Kinglas
Glen Lyon
Glen Orchy
Glenshee Ski Centre
Glen Shiel
Glen Spean
Glenfinnan (and its railway station and viaduct)
Grampian Mountains
Hebrides
Highland Folk Museum – The first open-air museum in the UK.
Highland Wildlife Park
Inveraray Castle
Inveraray Jail
Inverness Castle
Inverewe Garden
Iona Abbey
Isle of Staffa
Kilchurn Castle
Kilmartin Glen
Liathach
Lecht Ski Centre
Loch Alsh
Loch Ard
Loch Awe
Loch Assynt
Loch Earn
Loch Etive
Loch Fyne
Loch Goil
Loch Katrine
Loch Leven
Loch Linnhe
Loch Lochy
Loch Lomond
Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Loch Lubnaig
Loch Maree
Loch Morar
Loch Morlich
Loch Ness
Loch Nevis
Loch Rannoch
Loch Tay
Lochranza
Luss
Meall a' Bhuiridh (Glencoe Ski Centre)
Scottish Sea Life Sanctuary at Loch Creran
Rannoch Moor
Red Cuillin
Rest and Be Thankful stretch of A83
River Carron, Wester Ross
River Spey
River Tay
Ross and Cromarty
Smoo Cave
Stob Coire a' Chàirn
Stac Polly
Strathspey Railway
Sutherland
Tor Castle
Torridon Hills
Urquhart Castle
West Highland Line (scenic railway)
West Highland Way (Long-distance footpath)
Wester Ross
i was going to photography all the ways i enjoy cheese but settled on this, plain and simple and *DELICIOUS* grilled cheese. of all the things i consider a "weakness", cheese is numero uno. grilled, cubed, queso, slices....crumbled, melted....i celebrate cheese in all it's forms. probably more than i should. i'm surprised i haven't turned into a piece of cheese.
week 20: weakness
But He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me. 10 That is why, for Christ’s sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong. 2 Corinthians 12:8-10
Even during the trials and storms in our lives, Christ's grace is sufficient for His mighty power is made perfect in our weakness. When we are weak, then we are strong because we are no longer relying on our power or strength but solely on the Lord Jesus.
Prophetic painting by Christine Nichols ©2010
Giving up is not always weakness.
Addicts give up their addictions.
Criminals give up their bad ways.
Worriers give up their worries.
Lovers give up their hearts.
But then again,
The sorrowful give up their tears.
The dreamers give up their dreams.
Atheists give up their gods.
And the weak give up on themselves.
I guess giving up is really just
letting go.
Fact: I'm starting to tell my parents all of my anxiety issues and just how bad they really are.
Confession: I think I'm getting worse.
+2 different versions of this (tell me if you like one of them more, I might upload that one instead) and one more picture in the comments.
Pervy comments will be deleted and you will be blocked. Just saying.
Blood-sucking Monster "BAKURA" weakness exposed!
(吸血怪獣バクラー | 白蟻怪獣)
The BAKURA Parasite, shown here in this final scene of SPECTREMAN episode 20.
Now the BAKURA Parasite is offered for the first time in SOFUBI (Soft Vinyl toy)!
GET ONE TODAY!!!
www.medicomtoy.co.jp/list/9054.html
#spectreman #スペクトルマン #fakespectreman #フェイクスペクトルマン #awesometoy #オーサムトイ #sofubi #ソフビ #vinyltoy #softvinyl #softvinyltoy #bootleg#bootlegtoy #pachi #パチ #偽物 #knockoff #toyart #arttoy #tokusatsu #バクラー #bakura #termite #parasite #kaiju #fake
نقاط القوة و الضعف من وجهة نظر زملاء الهواية
Strength and weakness from Photographers point of view
--------------
Strength
نقاط القوة
1-نظره قويه
2-ماشالله شارب واضاءه والوان
3-like the Eyes
4-فوكس عجيب
Weakness
نقاط الضعف
1-
Suggestions to improve the picture
إقتراحات لتطوير الصورة
1-
The weakness of the US-Dollar caused that some Bertone-GTV built to plan during the last 3 years of production (1975-1977) were not shipped to the United States but sold from stock into the Benelux-Countries in 1978 when then series had had expired..
engine:
twin-cam (dohc) / 111 PS / 1962 cc / R4-cylinders / injection / 84 mm × 88.5 mm (bore×stroke)
Mirit Ben Nun: Shortness of breath
'Shortness of breath' is not only a sign of physical weakness, it is a metaphor for a mental state of strong desire that knows no repletion; more and more, an unbearable glut, without repose. Mirit Ben Nun's type of work on the other hand requires an abundance of patience. This is a Sisyphean work (requiring hard labor) of marking lines and dots, filling every empty millimeter with brilliant blots. Therefore we are facing a paradox or a logical conflict. A patient and effortful work that stems from an urgent need to cover and fill, to adorn and coat. Her craft of layering reaches a state of a continuous ceremonial ritual.
This ritual digests every object into itself - useful or discarded -- available and ordinary or rare and exceptional -- they submit and devote to the overlay work. Mirit BN gathers scrap off the streets -- cardboard rolls of fabric, assortments of wooden boards and pieces, plates and planks -- and constructs a new link, her own syntax, which she alone is fully responsible for. The new combination -- a type of a sculptural construction -- goes through a process of patching by the act of painting.
In fact Mirit regards her three dimensional objects as a platform for painting, with a uniform continuity, even if it has obstacles, mounds and valleys. These objects beg her to paint, to lay down colors, to set in motion an intricate weave of abstract patterns that at times finds itself wandering the contours of human images and sometimes -- not. In those cases what is left is the monotonous activity of running the patterns, inch by inch, till their absolute coverage, till a short and passing instant of respite and than on again to a new onset.
Next to this assembly of garbage and it's recycling into 'painted sculptures' Mirit offers a surprising reunion between her illustrated objects and so called cheap African sculpture; popular artifacts or articles that are classified in the standard culture as 'primitive'.
This combination emphasizes the difference between her individualistic performance and the collective creation which is translated into cultural clichés. The wood carved image creates a moment of peace within the crowded bustle; an introverted image, without repetitiveness and reverberation. This meeting of strangers testifies that Mirit' work could not be labeled under the ´outsiders art´ category. She is a one woman school who is compelled to do the art work she picked out to perform. Therefore she isn't creating ´an image´ such as the carved wooden statues, but she produces breathless ´emotional jam' whose highest values are color, motion, beauty and plenitude. May it never lack, neither diluted, nor dull for even an instant
Tali Tamir
August 2010
Mirit Ben Nun: Shortness of breath
'Shortness of breath' is not only a sign of physical weakness, it is a metaphor for a mental state of strong desire that knows no repletion; more and more, an unbearable glut, without repose. Mirit Ben Nun's type of work on the other hand requires an abundance of patience. This is a Sisyphean work (requiring hard labor) of marking lines and dots, filling every empty millimeter with brilliant blots. Therefore we are facing a paradox or a logical conflict. A patient and effortful work that stems from an urgent need to cover and fill, to adorn and coat. Her craft of layering reaches a state of a continuous ceremonial ritual.
This ritual digests every object into itself - useful or discarded -- available and ordinary or rare and exceptional -- they submit and devote to the overlay work. Mirit BN gathers scrap off the streets -- cardboard rolls of fabric, assortments of wooden boards and pieces, plates and planks -- and constructs a new link, her own syntax, which she alone is fully responsible for. The new combination -- a type of a sculptural construction -- goes through a process of patching by the act of painting.
In fact Mirit regards her three dimensional objects as a platform for painting, with a uniform continuity, even if it has obstacles, mounds and valleys. These objects beg her to paint, to lay down colors, to set in motion an intricate weave of abstract patterns that at times finds itself wandering the contours of human images and sometimes -- not. In those cases what is left is the monotonous activity of running the patterns, inch by inch, till their absolute coverage, till a short and passing instant of respite and than on again to a new onset.
Next to this assembly of garbage and it's recycling into 'painted sculptures' Mirit offers a surprising reunion between her illustrated objects and so called cheap African sculpture; popular artifacts or articles that are classified in the standard culture as 'primitive'.
This combination emphasizes the difference between her individualistic performance and the collective creation which is translated into cultural clichés. The wood carved image creates a moment of peace within the crowded bustle; an introverted image, without repetitiveness and reverberation. This meeting of strangers testifies that Mirit' work could not be labeled under the ´outsiders art´ category. She is a one woman school who is compelled to do the art work she picked out to perform. Therefore she isn't creating ´an image´ such as the carved wooden statues, but she produces breathless ´emotional jam' whose highest values are color, motion, beauty and plenitude. May it never lack, neither diluted, nor dull for even an instant
Tali Tamir
August 2010
I have a weakness for the beauty of the old advertisements that were painted on the side of buildings so long ago. Even if today the buildings have survived the bulldozers, the signs are often painted over. If the buildings are restored, they are often 'cleansed' away. Enjoy the image and go out and document the ones in your neighbourhood and destinations.
"My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness." -2 Corinthians 12:9...Read more at ibibleverses.christianpost.com/?p=115828
#weakness #strength #Corinthians
Flos Carmeli, vitis florigera, splendor caeli, virgo puerpera singularis.
FLOWER of Carmel, Tall vine blossom laden; Splendor of heaven, Childbearing yet maiden. None equals thee.
Mater mitis sed viri nescia Carmelitis esto propitia stella maris.
Mother so tender, Who no man didst know, On Carmel's children Thy favors bestow. Star of the Sea.
Radix Iesse germinans flosculum nos ad esse tecum in saeculum patiaris.
Strong stem of Jesse, Who bore one bright flower, Be ever near us And guard us each hour, who serve thee here.
Inter spinas quae crescis lilium serva puras mentes fragilium tutelaris.
Purest of lilies, That flowers among thorns, Bring help to the true heart That in weakness turns and trusts in thee.
Armatura fortis pugnantium furunt bella tende praesidium scapularis.
Strongest of armor, We trust in thy might: Under thy mantle, Hard press'd in the fight, we call to thee.
Per incerta prudens consilium per adversa iuge solatium largiaris.
Our way uncertain, Surrounded by foes, Unfailing counsel You give to those who turn to thee.
Mater dulcis Carmeli domina, plebem tuam reple laetitia qua bearis.
O gentle Mother Who in Carmel reigns, Share with your servants That gladness you gained and now enjoy.
Paradisi clavis et ianua, fac nos duci quo, Mater, gloria coronaris. Amen. (Alleluia.)
Hail, Gate of Heaven, With glory now crowned, Bring us to safety Where thy Son is found, true joy to see. Amen. (Alleluia.)