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******************Handroanthus impetiginosus**************
Handroanthus impetiginosus, pink ipê or pink lapacho is a native Bignoniaceae tree of America, distributed from northern Mexico south to northern Argentina. Lapacho is the national tree of Paraguay, and it is also a common tree in Argentina's northeastern region, as well as in southeastern Bolivia. It is said to be indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago.
It is a conspicuous and well-known species with a long history of human use. Consequently it has a range of local names ipê-cavatã, ipê-comum, ipê-reto, ipê-rosa, ipê-roxo-damata, lapacho negro, pau d'arco-roxo, peúva or piúva. The timber is sometimes traded as "Brazilwood", which properly refers to the unrelated Pernambuco tree (Caesalpinia echinata).
Description
Foliage
Inflorescences
A single flower
The pink lapacho is a rather large deciduous tree, with trunks sometimes reaching 8 dm width and 30 m height. Usually a third of that height is trunk, and two thirds are its longer branches. It has a large, globous, but often sparse canopy. The tree has a slow growth rate. Leaves are opposite and petiolate, 2 to 3 inches long, elliptic and lanceolate, with lightly serrated margins and pinnate venation. The leaves are palmately compound with usually 5 leaflets.
Its bark is brownish grey, tough and hard to peel. The wood is of a pleasant yellowish colour, barely knotted and very tough and heavy (0,935 kg/dm³). It's rich in tannins and therefore very resistant to weather and sun. It is not very useful for furniture since it is so hard to work by hand. It can be found as beams or fulfilling other structural uses where needed outdoors.
Pink lapacho flowers between July and September, before the new leaves appear. In India, the flowering season is December to January, after the leaves are shed. The flower is large, tubular shaped, its corolla is often pink or magenta, though exceptionally seen white, about 2 inches long. There are four stamens and a staminode. The fruit consists of a narrow dehiscent capsule containing several winged seeds.
The flowers are easily accessible to pollinators. Some hummingbirds - e.g. black jacobin (Florisuga fusca) and black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis) - seem to prefer them over the flowers of other Handroanthus species, while for others like the stripe-breasted starthroat (Heliomaster squamosus) it may even be a mainstay food source.
Ecology
Harvest of wild Handroanthus impetiginosus for lumber to make flooring and decking (in which case it is referred to as ipê in much of the timber trade) has become a major cause of deforestation in the Amazon. Because the trees do not grow in concentrated stands but instead are found scattered throughout the forest, logging roads have to be built long distances to locate and harvest the trees. In most cases, once these trees are logged, the rest of the forest is cleared for agricultural use. Scientific examination of current logging practices, in which 90% of mature trees can be legally harvested, found that recovery from juvenile populations within 60 years was not likely under any feasible scenario (five were modeled). The parallel to the overharvesting of Swietenia macrophylla (big-leaf mahogany), a tree that grows in a similar distribution in the same areas as ipê, is interesting, yet ipê continues to be logged at prodigious rates with no sign of a listing in the Convention on Trade in International Species or other drastic actions likely necessary to prevent extinction. Swietenia mahagoni and Swietenia humilis (other species yielding mahogany wood) were so thoroughly depleted that by the early 1900s there were essentially none left to harvest in the wild. Unfortunately the current scenario is one in which Handroanthus is headed for similar unsustainable depletion of wild populations.
Uses
Lapacho tea
Handroanthus impetiginosus, as well as other species of this genus, are trees naturally found in the wild of central to South American forests. It is also used as a honey plant, and widely planted as ornamental tree in landscaping gardens, public squares and boulevards due to its impressive and colorful appearance as it flowers. Well-known and popular, it is the national tree of Paraguay. It is also planted as a street tree in cities of India, like in Bangalore.
The inner bark of Handroanthus impetiginosus is used in traditional medicine. It is dried, shredded, and then boiled, making a bitter brownish-colored tea known as lapacho or taheebo. The unpleasant taste of the extract is lessened when taken in pill form, or as tinctures. Lapacho bark is typically used during flu and cold season and for easing smoker's cough. It apparently works by promoting the lungs to expectorate and free deeply embedded mucus and contaminates during the first three to ten days of treatment.
In ethnomedicine, lapacho plays an important role for several South American indigenous peoples. In the past decades it has been used by herbalists as a general tonic, immunostimulant and adaptogen. It is used in herbal medicine for intestinal candidiasis.
However, the main active compound lapachol has since turned out to be toxic enough to kill fetuses in pregnant rats and reduce the weight of the seminal vesicle in male rats in doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight Still, lapachol has strong antibiotic and disinfectant properties, and may be better suited for topical applications. Lapachol induces genetic damage, specifically clastogenic effects, in rats. Beta-lapachone has a direct cytotoxic effect and the loss of telomerase activity in leukemia cells in vitro.
The ethnomedical use of lapacho and other Handroanthus teas is usually short-term, to get rid of acute ailments, and not as a general tonic. Usefulness as a short-term antimicrobial and disinfecting expectorant, e.g. against PCP in AIDS patients, is yet to be scientifically studied. Handroanthus impetiginosus inner bark seems to have anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. and has some effects on other human intestinal bacteria.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
GO TO VISIT BRAZIL
Gracias por la visita, puedes ver más fotos en mi blog: oscargrafias.wordpress.com y videos de como se hizo en www.youtube.com/user/Oscargrafias
For-Profit Blood Bank located around the corner from a homeless shelter downtown on 333 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202.
"Plasma Biological Services is a Tennessee company with its principal office located in Memphis. The company is engaged in the business of drawing human source plasma and selling it for profit." www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/10-27-15.cfm
"At least one of our corporate officers has served on its board of directors since its inception in 1971." (their lead page says "Providing blood and blood components since 1949") - Yet after an hour of searching I have been unable to locate any statement of corporate governance for this company. There is no Compact Privacy Policy below their website and no readily available Corporate Statement of Earnings or statement of Board of Governance or members. I have emailed the FDA and asked for verification of these claims - have not yet received any response. As of 6/16/16 their web site appears to be down for some reason: www.interstatebloodbank.com/
From their website:
"The Interstate Companies will gladly modify its operations to fit your special needs. In-Vivo and In-Vitro products are produced according to customer specifications which we incorporate into our Standard Operating Procedures.
Our products include the following:
Human Serum
Recovered Plasma
Source Plasma
Whole Blood
Red Blood Cells
Leukocytes (Buffy Coats)
Platelet Rich Plasma
Platelet Concentrates
Human Urine
Matched Serum & Plasma Sample sets
We collect our blood products in a variety of different anticoagulants including ACD, CPD, CPDA-1, Heparin and EDTA. We can collect custom products using your specified proprietary additive. If a product in which you are interested is not listed, please contact Customer Service, 901-384-6250.
We will gladly send you samples of any of our products for your evaluation."
Dell sees it this way:
"Interstate Blood Bank, Inc. (IBBI) a
division of The Interstate Companies,
collects and distributes life-saving
human plasma, which is the clear, liquid
portion of human blood. People need
plasma products to survive certain
traumatic injuries such as shock, and
to live with serious disorders including
hemophilia. Global pharmaceutical
companies also use plasma to create
products that help treat and prevent
diseases like tetanus, rabies, measles,
rubella and hepatitis B.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
and the International Quality Plasma
Program ensure that the organization’s
processes comply with regulations.
One such regulation is the federal
Clinical Lab Information Act, which
requires the protection of donors’
medical records as well as laboratory
data despite any outage or emergency.
To help meet requirements, IBBI
previously used Symantec Backup Exec
to replicate files from a laboratory in
Memphis, Tennessee, as well as 23
plasma donor centers and nine wholeblood
centers in 13 states. software.dell.com/documents/the-interstate-companies-case...
Received response from the FDA 16 June 2016 which essentially says: " "Please note that being registered with FDA does not mean a firm is in compliance with FDA regulations" -
Yet it goes on to say, "FDA is charged with protecting the safety of the nation’s blood supply and ensuring an adequate supply of suitable blood for use in the United States and regulates the procedures for the collection and screening of blood. We hope the following information will be helpful."
Full correspondence below (note disclaimer at bottom):
RE: 13438 FW: The Interstate Company Blood Donor Center
FromCBER OCOD Consumer Account cberocod@fda.hhs.gov
Received: from FDSWP09429.fda.gov ([169.254.3.43]) by FDSWP3311.fda.gov ([fe80::70da:c8ca:2d4c:e418%23]) with mapi id 14.03.0224.002; Thu, 16 Jun
2016 10:30:29 -0400
From: CBER OCOD Consumer Account
Dear Ms. Vinch:
Thank you for your e-mail inquiry concerning Interstate Blood Bank, Inc. in Louisville, KY. The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), one of seven centers within the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is responsible for the regulation of many biologically-derived products, including blood intended for transfusion, blood components and derivatives, vaccines and allergenic extracts, human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps), gene therapy and xenotransplantation products.
FDA is charged with protecting the safety of the nation’s blood supply and ensuring an adequate supply of suitable blood for use in the United States and regulates the procedures for the collection and screening of blood. We hope the following information will be helpful.
CBER requires all establishments that collect, manufacture, prepare, store blood and blood products under controlled conditions for further distribution, or process blood and blood products to register and submit a product list within 5 days after beginning operation. Blood and plasma establishments must register annually between November 15 and December 31 and update product listings every June and December. The Agency maintains a database of registered blood and plasma establishments in the Blood Establishment Registration (BER) database. Please note that being registered with FDA does not mean a firm is in compliance with FDA regulations. Registration with FDA means that an establishment has notified FDA of its business address and their blood products. Registration enables FDA to know what blood establishments are out there so we can do periodic inspections.
The link to the public query of registered blood establishments (BER) can be found at the following link on FDA’s website: www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegu.... I was able to find the establishment in question in that database with a current registration. The listing has the address of the establishment along with contact information of the Corporate Medical Director for that facility should you wish to contact them. Additionally, the Blood Establishment Registration database shows the licensed blood and blood products the establishment has notified FDA they are manufacturing.
Please know that FDA does not have regulatory authority over the advertisement/information that Dell provides in the link you gave us. As noted above, the Agency regulates the blood and plasma establishments. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that blood and plasma establishments must follow can be found in Title 21 of the CFRs, Parts 600-680 includes information for biological products: general, licensing, good manufacturing practice for blood and blood components, establishment registration for manufacturers of blood and blood products, product standards, requirements for human blood and blood products. A registered blood establishment must have a biologics license or an approved license supplement for each product it distributes in interstate commerce.
We hope this information is useful.
If you need further assistance, you may contact our office again at ocod@fda.hhs.gov or by phone at 1-800-835-4709.
Sincerely,
Jill Burkoff
Consumer Safety Officer
Consumer Affairs Branch
Division of Communication and Consumer Affairs
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Follow us on Twitter: FDA CBER
This informal communication represents my best judgment at this time. It does not constitute an advisory opinion in accordance with 21 CFR 10.85, and does not necessarily represent the formal position of FDA or otherwise obligate the agency to the views expressed.
*************
My response:
Sent: Thursday, June 16, 2016 11:20 AM
To: CBER OCOD Consumer Account; CBER OCOD Consumer Account
Subject: Re: 13438 FW: The Interstate Company Blood Donor Center
Dear Ms. Burkoff:
Thank you for your rapid response. When was the last periodic FDA inspection of the below facility, please?
Sincerely,
Vicky Vinch
**************
FDA's response:
Dear Ms. Vinch:
Thank you for your follow-up e-mail.
Unfortunately, we will be unable to provide the information you are seeking. The dates of inspections of blood and plasma establishments are not posted on our website. You may request information that is not readily available on our website by submitting a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to FDA. When submitting a FOIA request, please be as specific as possible with your request, specifying exactly the information that you would like to obtain. Information on submitting a FOIA request to FDA can be found at:
www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/FOI/HowtoMakeaFOIAReque....
Sincerely,
Jill Burkoff
Consumer Safety Officer
Consumer Affairs Branch
Division of Communication and Consumer Affairs
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Follow us on Twitter: FDA CBER
This communication is consistent with 21 CFR 10.85 (k) and constitutes an informal communication that represents my best judgment at this time but does not constitute an advisory opinion, does not necessarily represent the formal position of FDA, and does not bind or otherwise obligate or commit the agency to the views expressed.
Return-Path:
Received: from fda-ifw-00.fda.gov (fda-ifw-00.fda.gov [150.148.0.65])
(using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits))
(No client certificate requested)
*************************************
My response:
Dear Jill -
Thank you for your timely response. I appreciate the input however I had submitted a previous FOIA request on the clinical trial results for Splenda back in 2009 (below) and still have not received those - perhaps you may not be aware the FDA is non-responsive to FOIA requests?
Thank you,
Vicky
El Cerro de la Silla sobre nubes desde "Puerto Gringo" (1600 msnm) de Vitro Parque "El Manzano" en Santiago, N.L. México, enero 2009
Aquarela baseada em foto de Nelson Paim .
Watercolor based on NelsonPaim's photo.(www.nelsonpaimphotos.com)
Sign up for Bistro in Vitro, The World's First Lab-Grown Meat Restaurant on www.bistro-invitro.com.
With the world's population expected to reach nine billion people by 2050, it's becoming impossible to produce and to consume the same quantities of meat like we do today. Climate change, energy use, animal diseases and global food shortages are just some of the problems facing mankind, not to mention the issue of animal welfare on factory farms.
With this in mind, Submarine Channel presents 'Bistro in Vitro', an online science fiction documentary about the future of meat with a chic fictional online restaurant as its main platform What if a restaurant like Bistro In Vitro would exist tomorrow? What would it look like, and what would be on the menu? Combining video interviews with visionary scientists, experts, international renowned chefs and critics 'Bistro in Vistro' aims to reflect on the ethics, aesthetics and prospects of lab-grown meat, make people think and instigate a discussion on the future of a possible new food culture.
More Edinger-Westphal neurons in culture. Stained for Tubulin (green) and Synapsin (red). Of course, colocalization makes yellow. Imaged with a Zeiss Axioskop 2 FS Plus equipped with a Zeiss Axiocam HRm. 100x total magnification.
Sign up for Bistro in Vitro, The World's First Lab-Grown Meat Restaurant on www.bistro-invitro.com
With the world's population expected to reach nine billion people by 2050, it's becoming impossible to produce and to consume the same quantities of meat like we do today. Climate change, energy use, animal diseases and global food shortages are just some of the problems facing mankind, not to mention the issue of animal welfare on factory farms.
With this in mind, Submarine Channel presents 'Bistro in Vitro', an online science fiction documentary about the future of meat with a chic fictional online restaurant as its main platform What if a restaurant like Bistro In Vitro would exist tomorrow? What would it look like, and what would be on the menu? Combining video interviews with visionary scientists, experts, international renowned chefs and critics 'Bistro in Vistro' aims to reflect on the ethics, aesthetics and prospects of lab-grown meat, make people think and instigate a discussion on the future of a possible new food culture.
Odontoglossum naevium, espèce rare et endémique de Colombie, redécouverte en 2011. Les registres pour le Venezuela sont des erreurs d'identification avec d'autres espèces proches. Plante récemment acquise, d'origine durable (non extraite de son habitat), résultat de reproduction in vitro par graines. Je vais enfin pouvoir la cultiver après l'avoir photographié en 2013 in situ.
Odontoglossum naevium, escasa especie endémica de Colombia re-descubierta en el 2011. Los registros para Venezuela son errores de identificación con especies cercanas. Planta recién adquirida de origen sostenible (no saqueada de su hábitat), resultado de reproducción in vitro por semillas. Por fin voy a poder cultivarlo luego de fotografiarlo en el 2013 in situ.