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V/line N467 unusually working 8245 Down Melton service utilising a 5 car N set approaches Caroline Springs. 19/12/23

Live @ Rabat Mawazine 2011

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Wikipédia

 

Omaha Beach est l'appellation utilisée par les Alliés pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour désigner l'une des cinq plages du débarquement de Normandie. Affectée aux troupes américaines, elle est celle où les Alliés perdirent le plus de troupes, ce qui lui a valu le surnom de « bloody Omaha » (Omaha la sanglante) et de « the Beach of blood ( la Plage du sang)».

 

Longue de huit kilomètres, la zone de débarquement s'étendait sur la côte occidentale du Calvados, depuis Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes à l'est jusqu'à Vierville-sur-Mer à l'ouest, sur la rive droite de l'estuaire de la Douve. L'objectif à Omaha était de s'emparer et, ensuite, de tenir une tête de pont de huit kilomètres de profondeur entre Port-en-Bessin et la Vire et, dès que possible, de faire la jonction à l'est avec les Britanniques et à l'ouest avec le VIIe Corps américain débarqué à Utah Beach afin d'établir une tête de pont continue sur la côte normande1,2.

 

La prise d'Omaha était de la responsabilité du commandement américain, placé sous les ordres du général Omar Bradley, et du major général Huebner pour la partie opérationnelle ; [Lequel ?] avec des troupes de l'US Army et des transports maritimes fournis par l'US Navy et des éléments de la Royal Navy.

 

La section du mur de l’Atlantique face aux assaillants était défendue par environ 2 000 hommes provenant de deux divisions d'infanterie allemande : la 716e et la 352e. De multiples obstacles avaient été installés sur la plage pour interdire tout débarquement. Ces obstacles étaient sous le feu de positions fortifiées construites sur le talus et la crête et équipées de mitrailleuses ainsi que de canons. On y trouvait aussi des observateurs d’artillerie chargés d’ajuster les tirs de batteries déployées plus dans la profondeur.

 

Le 6 juin à l’aube, après un bombardement aérien et naval des Alliés sur les positions allemandes, la 1re division américaine (« la Big Red One », une unité expérimentée1) renforcée par un régiment de la 29e division (qui lui n'avait encore jamais combattu) débarqua sur cette plage. Le débarquement de la première vague eut lieu trois heures avant la marée haute. Ceci était indispensable pour ne pas jeter les barges de débarquement sur les obstacles situés en haut de l’estran et donner le temps aux équipes combinées du génie, de la marine et de l'infanterie spécialement constituées1 et arrivées avec les premières troupes débarqués, de les détruire et de dégager des chenaux pour permettre l’approche des forces suivantes et de barges plus grandes.

 

Les deux régiments renforcés qui débarquèrent en tête étaient :

à l’ouest, le 116 RCT (Regimental Combat Team), détaché temporairement de la 29e à la 1re division ;

à l’est, le 16 RCT, organique à la 1re division.

 

Chaque régiment était renforcé d’un bataillon de chars. Des chars, dont certains amphibies, devaient arriver avec l’infanterie et le génie lors de la première vague d'assaut.

 

Conjointement à ce débarquement, un assaut fut mené, quelques kilomètres plus à l'ouest, par des rangers américains pour s’emparer de la pointe du Hoc, une petite avancée de la côte normande dans la Manche avec une falaise de vingt-cinq à trente mètres de haut pour neutraliser de puissants canons allemands supposés y être installés dans des blockhaus et menaçant les plages d’Utah et d’Omaha. Si l’escalade réussissait, un signal devait être transmis et des renforts envoyés. Sinon ces renforts (huit compagnies de rangers) seraient détournés sur les plages d'Omaha.

 

Le plan de débarquement ne se déroula pas comme prévu et dès le début, la situation prit une tournure catastrophique pour les Alliés. Le bombardement aérien et naval avait manqué ses cibles et n’avait pas neutralisé les défenses ennemies. Les troupes américaines allaient se heurter à des positions allemandes quasi-intactes1. La mer était agitée et le vent fort. La quasi-totalité des chars amphibies coula et seuls quelques-uns atteignirent la plage1. Des difficultés de navigation entraînèrent la plupart des barges, déportées par le courant, à débarquer hors des endroits prévus1. Les Allemands ne dévoilèrent pas leurs positions et ils attendirent que les premiers soldats américains sortissent des barges pour ouvrir le feu. Le vent fort fit monter la marée plus rapidement que prévu, poussant de nombreuses barges sur les obstacles allemands. La première vague américaine fut clouée sur place, ne progressant pas et subissant de très lourdes pertes. Les troupes suivantes ne progressèrent pas non plus. Les équipes du génie, du fait de la désorganisation de l'ordre du débarquement, arrivèrent avant l'infanterie1. Sous le feu ennemi et avec peu de matériel, elles ne dégageaient, avec grande difficulté, que quelques chenaux pour les barges suivantes, subissant elles aussi de lourdes pertes1. Dans l'incapacité de dégager suffisamment les obstacles, les Alliés ne pouvaient débarquer correctement troupes et matériels1 et ils n'arrivaient pas à dégager les sorties de plage, fortement défendues. Cela provoqua rapidement encombrement et désordre sur la plage et des retards pour les débarquements suivants. Les communications radio avec le commandement étaient difficiles, 80 % du matériel radio de la première vague furent perdus1. La panique participa un peu plus à la désorganisation générale1.

 

Le commandement allié envisagea un temps l'abandon d'Omaha1. Mais outre la perte des 15 000 hommes déjà débarqués, cela présentait le grand risque d'affaiblir la position alliée avec une tête de pont américaine d'Utah à l'ouest qui aurait été séparée de 60 km de la tête de pont anglo-canadienne à l'est1. Le général Bradley, qui supervisait l'opération au large à bord depuis l'USS Augusta, malgré le manque d'informations, décida de poursuivre le débarquement et continua d'envoyer des troupes sur Omaha. Finalement quelques pénétrations de la ligne de défense réussirent. Le bataillon de rangers qui devait être envoyé en renfort à la pointe du Hoc n'ayant pas reçu le signal, il fut détourné sur Omaha Beach. Il parvint à réaliser la première percée valable. De petits groupes réalisaient des assauts improvisés sur le talus escarpé de la côte. Ils étaient aidés par l'appui feu de quelques navires de guerre qui, au risque d'être touchés par les batteries terrestres allemandes, avaient fini par se rapprocher des plages. Certaines barges parvinrent à franchir les chenaux ouverts. Des troupes américaines prirent le plateau côtier qui domine la plage entre Saint-Laurent et Colleville et commencèrent à prendre les défenses allemandes, mal défendues sur leurs arrières, à revers. D'autres unités suivirent et d’autres percées furent réalisées depuis la plage. Les Américains durent faire face à quelques contre-attaques allemandes, mais en milieu d'après-midi, le dernier bunker allemand fut pris.

 

Omaha Beach est la plage du débarquement de Normandie qui a provoqué le plus lourd bilan des pertes du Jour J (30 % du total des pertes du 6 juin) et elle partage avec Juno Beach, le taux de perte le plus fort avec près de 8 % des effectifs débarqués dont beaucoup par noyade. Plus de 3 000 Américains sont tués ou disparus et 2 000 sont blessés sur Omaha (le bilan précis reste inconnu), 90 % des hommes de la première vague étant tués ou blessés. L’histoire a retenu le surnom de « Bloody Omaha » (Omaha, la sanglante) que des films comme Le jour le plus long ou Il faut sauver le soldat Ryan ont mis en scène.

 

You had seen this bird very often, but do you understand this bird, it's thread and contribution? Let's have a reading about it and learn about this little bird together, includes me. ;)

 

Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus)

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a passerine bird in the sparrow family with a rich chestnut crown and nape, and a black patch on each pure white cheek. The sexes are similarly plumaged, and young birds are a duller version of the adult. This sparrow breeds over most of temperate Eurasia and Southeast Asia, where it is known as the tree sparrow, and it has been introduced elsewhere including the United States, where it is known as the Eurasian tree sparrow or German sparrow to differentiate it from the native unrelated American tree sparrow. Although several subspecies are recognised, the appearance of this bird varies little across its extensive range.

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow's untidy nest is built in a natural cavity, a hole in a building or the large nest of a European magpie or white stork. The typical clutch is five or six eggs which hatch in under two weeks. This sparrow feeds mainly on seeds, but invertebrates are also consumed, particularly during the breeding season. As with other small birds, infection by parasites and diseases, and predation by birds of prey take their toll, and the typical life span is about two years.

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow is widespread in the towns and cities of eastern Asia, but in Europe it is a bird of lightly wooded open countryside, with the house sparrow breeding in the more urban areas. The Eurasian tree sparrow's extensive range and large population ensure that it is not endangered globally, but there have been large declines in western European populations, in part due to changes in farming practices involving increased use of herbicides and loss of winter stubble fields. In eastern Asia and western Australia, this species is sometimes viewed as a pest, although it is also widely celebrated in oriental art.

  

Description

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow is 12.5–14 cm (5–5½ in) long, with a wingspan of about 21 cm (8.25 in) and a weight of 24 g (0.86 oz), making it roughly 10% smaller than the house sparrow. The adult's crown and nape are rich chestnut, and there is a kidney-shaped black ear patch on each pure white cheek; the chin, throat, and the area between the bill and throat are black. The upperparts are light brown, streaked with black, and the brown wings have two distinct narrow white bars. The legs are pale brown, and the bill is lead-blue in summer, becoming almost black in winter.

 

This sparrow is distinctive even within its genus in that it has no plumage differences between the sexes; the juvenile also resembles the adult, although the colours tend to be duller. Its contrasting face pattern makes this species easily identifiable in all plumages; the smaller size and brown, not grey, crown are additional differences from the male house sparrow. Adult and juvenile Eurasian tree sparrows undergo a slow complete moult in the autumn, and show an increase in body mass despite a reduction in stored fat. The change in mass is due to an increase in blood volume to support active feather growth, and a generally higher water content in the body.

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow has no true song, but its vocalisations include an excited series of tschip calls given by unpaired or courting males. Other monosyllabic chirps are used in social contacts, and the flight call is a harsh teck. A study comparing the vocalisations of the introduced Missouri population with those of birds from Germany showed that the US birds had fewer shared syllable types (memes) and more structure within the population than the European sparrows. This may have resulted from the small size of the founding North American population and a consequent loss of genetic diversity.

  

Taxonomy

 

The Old World sparrow genus Passer is a group of small passerine birds that is believed to have originated in Africa, and which contains 15–25 species depending on the authority. Its members are typically found in open, lightly wooded, habitats, although several species, notably the house sparrow (P. domesticus) have adapted to human habitations. Most species in the genus are typically 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long, predominantly brown or greyish birds with short square tails and stubby conical beaks. They are primarily ground-feeding seed-eaters, although they also consume invertebrates, especially when breeding. Genetic studies show that the Eurasian tree sparrow diverged from the other Eurasian members of its genus relatively early, before the speciation of the house, plain-backed and Spanish sparrows. The Eurasian species is not closely related to the American tree sparrow (Spizella arborea), which is an American sparrow.

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow's binomial name is derived from two Latin words: passer, "sparrow", and montanus, "of the mountains" (from mons "mountain"). The Eurasian tree sparrow was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 Systema Naturae as Fringilla montana, but, along with the house sparrow, it was soon moved from the finches (family Fringillidae) into the new genus Passer created by French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The Eurasian tree sparrow's common name is given because of its preference of tree holes for nesting. This name, and the scientific name montanus, do not appropriately describe this species's habitat preferences: the German name Feldsperling ("field sparrow") comes closer to doing so.

  

Subspecies

 

This species varies little in appearance across its large range, and the differences between the eight extant subspecies recognised by Clement are slight. At least 15 other subspecies have been proposed, but are considered to be intermediates of the listed races.

 

- P. m. montanus, the nominate subspecies, ranges across Europe except southwestern Iberia, southern Greece, and the former Yugoslavia. It also breeds in Asia east to the Lena River and south to the northern regions of Turkey, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Korea.

 

- P. m. transcaucasicus, described by Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin in 1906, breeds from the southern Caucasus east to northern Iran. It is duller and greyer than the nominate race.

 

- P. m. dilutus, described by Charles Wallace Richmond in 1856, is resident in the extreme northeast of Iran, northern Pakistan and northwest India. It also occurs further north, from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan east to China. Compared to P. m. montanus, it is paler, with sandy-brown upperparts.

 

- P. m. tibetanus, the largest race by size, was described by Stuart Baker in 1925. It is found in the northern Himalayas, from Nepal east through Tibet to northwest China. It resembles P. m. dilutus, but is darker.

 

- P. m. saturatus, described by Leonhard Hess Stejneger in 1885, breeds in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. It is deeper brown than the nominate subspecies and has a larger bill.

 

- P. m. malaccensis, described by Alphonse Dubois in 1885, is found from the southern Himalayas east to Hainan and Indonesia. It is a dark race, like P. m. saturatus, but is smaller and more heavily streaked on its upperparts.

 

- P. m. hepaticus, described by Sidney Dillon Ripley in 1948, breeds from northeast Assam to northwest Burma. It is similar to P. m. saturatus, but redder on its head and upperparts.

  

Distribution and habitat

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow's natural breeding range comprises most of temperate Europe and Asia south of about latitude 68°N (north of this the summers are too cold, with July average temperatures below 12°C) and through Southeast Asia to Java and Bali. It formerly bred in the Faroes, Malta and Gozo. In South Asia it is found mainly in the temperate zone. It is sedentary over most of its extensive range, but northernmost breeding populations migrate south for the winter, and small numbers leave southern Europe for North Africa and the Middle East. The eastern subspecies P. m. dilutus reaches coastal Pakistan in winter and thousands of birds of this race move through eastern China in autumn.

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow has been introduced outside its native range, but has not always become established, possibly due to competition with the house sparrow. It was introduced successfully to Sardinia, eastern Indonesia, the Philippines and Micronesia, but introductions to New Zealand and Bermuda did not take root. Ship-carried birds colonised Borneo. This sparrow has occurred as a natural vagrant to Gibraltar, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Israel, and Dubai.

 

In North America, a population of about 15,000 birds has become established around St. Louis and neighbouring parts of Illinois and southeastern Iowa. These sparrows are descended from 12 birds imported from Germany and released in late April 1870 as part of a project to enhance the native North American avifauna. Within its limited US range, the Eurasian tree sparrow has to compete with the house sparrow in urban centres, and is therefore mainly found in parks, farms and rural woods. The American population is sometimes referred to as the "German sparrow", to distinguish it from both the native American tree sparrow species and the much more widespread "English" house sparrow.

 

In Australia, the Eurasian tree sparrow is present in Melbourne, towns in central and northern Victoria and some centres in the Riverina region of New South Wales. It is a prohibited species in Western Australia, where it often arrives on ships from Southeast Asia.

 

Despite its scientific name, Passer montanus, this is not typically a mountain species, and reaches only 700 m (2,300 ft) in Switzerland, although it has bred at 1,700 m (5,600 ft) in the northern Caucasus and as high as 4,270 m (14,000 ft) in Nepal. In Europe, it is frequently found on coasts with cliffs, in empty buildings, in pollarded willows along slow water courses, or in open countryside with small isolated patches of woodland. The Eurasian tree sparrow shows a strong preference for nest-sites near wetland habitats, and avoids breeding on intensively managed mixed farmland.

 

When the Eurasian tree sparrow and the larger house sparrow occur in the same area, the house sparrow generally breeds in urban areas while the smaller Eurasian tree sparrow nests in the countryside. Where trees are in short supply, as in Mongolia, both species may utilise man-made structures as nest sites. The Eurasian tree sparrow is rural in Europe, but is an urban bird in eastern Asia; in southern and central Asia, both Passer species may be found around towns and villages. In parts of the Mediterranean, such as Italy, both the Tree and the Italian or Spanish sparrows may be found in settlements. In Australia, the Eurasian tree sparrow is largely an urban bird, and it is the house sparrow which utilises more natural habitats.

  

Behaviour and ecology

 

Breeding

 

The Eurasian tree sparrow reaches breeding maturity within a year from hatching, and typically builds its nest in a cavity in an old tree or rock face. Some nests are not in holes as such, but are built among roots of overhanging gorse or similar bush. Roof cavities in houses may be used, and in the tropics, the crown of a palm tree or the ceiling of a verandah can serve as a nest site. This species will breed in the disused domed nest of a European magpie, or an active or unused stick nest of a large bird such as the white stork, white-tailed eagle, osprey, black kite or grey heron. It will sometimes attempt to take over the nest of other birds that breed in holes or enclosed spaces, such as the barn swallow, house martin, sand martin or European bee-eater.

 

Pairs may breed in isolation or in loose colonies, and will readily use nest boxes. In a Spanish study, boxes made from a mixture of wood and concrete (woodcrete) had a much higher occupancy rate than wooden boxes (76.5% versus 33.5%), and birds nesting in woodcrete sites had earlier clutches, a shorter incubation period and more breeding attempts per season. Clutch size and chick condition did not differ between nest box types, but reproductive success was higher in woodcrete, perhaps because the synthetic nests were 1.5 °C warmer than their wooden counterparts.

 

The male calls from near the nest site in spring to proclaim ownership and attract a mate. He may also carry nest material into the nest hole. The display and nest building is repeated in autumn. The preferred locations for the autumn display are old Eurasian tree sparrow nests, particularly those where nestlings had hatched. Empty nest boxes, and sites used by house sparrows or other hole nesting birds, such as tits, pied flycatchers or common redstarts, are rarely used for the autumn display.

 

The untidy nest is composed of hay, grass, wool or other material and lined with feathers, which improve the thermal insulation. A complete nest consists of three layers; base, lining and dome. The typical clutch is five or six eggs (rarely more than four in Malaysia), white to pale grey and heavily marked with spots, small blotches, or speckling; they are 20 x 14 mm (0.8 x 0.6 in) in size and weigh 2.1 g (0.08 oz), of which 7% is shell. The eggs are incubated by both parents for 12–13 days before the altricial, naked chicks hatch, and a further 15–18 days elapse before they fledge. Two or three broods may be raised each year; birds breeding in colonies produce more eggs and fledglings from their first broods than solitary pairs, but the reverse is true for second and third clutches. Females which copulate frequently tend to lay more eggs and have a shorter incubation time, so within-pair mating may be an indicator of the pairs' reproductive ability. There is a significant level of promiscuity; in a Hungarian study, more than 9% of chicks were sired by extra-pair males, and 20% of the broods contained at least one extra-pair young.

 

Hybridisation between the Eurasian tree sparrow and the house sparrow has been recorded in many parts of the world with male hybrids tending to resemble the Eurasian tree sparrow while females have more similarities with the house sparrow. A breeding population in the Eastern Ghats of India, said to be introduced, may also hybridise with house sparrows. On at least one occasion a mixed pair has resulted in fertile young. A wild hybridisation with the resident sparrows of Malta, which are intermediate between the Spanish sparrow (P. hispaniolensis) and Italian sparrows (P. italiae), was recorded in Malta in 1975.

  

Feeding

 

The tree sparrow is a predominantly seed and grain eating bird which feeds on the ground in flocks, often with house sparrows, finches, or buntings. It eats weed seeds, such as chickweeds and goosefoot, spilled grain, and it may also visit feeding stations, especially for peanuts. It will also feed on invertebrates, especially during the breeding season when the young are fed mainly on animal food; it takes insects, woodlice, millipedes, centipedes, spiders and harvestmen.

 

Adults use a variety of wetlands when foraging for invertebrate prey to feed nestlings, and aquatic sites play a key role in providing adequate diversity and availability of suitable invertebrate prey to allow successful chick rearing throughout the long breeding season of this multi-brooded species. Large areas of formerly occupied farmland no longer provide these invertebrate resources due to the effects of intensive farming, and the availability of supplementary seed food within 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) of the nest-site does not influence nest-site choice, or affect the number of young raised.

 

In winter, seed resources are most likely to be a key limiting factor. At this time of year, individuals in a flock form linear dominance hierarchies, but there is no strong relation between the size of the throat patch and position in that hierarchy. This is in contrast to the house sparrow; in that species, fights to establish dominance are reduced by the display of the throat patch, the size of which acts as a signalling "badge" of fitness.

 

The risk of predation affects feeding strategies. A study showed increased distance between shelter and a food supply meant that birds visited a feeder in smaller flocks, spent less time on it and were more vigilant when far from shelter. Sparrows can feed as "producers", searching for food directly, or "scroungers", just joining other flock members who have already discovered food. Scrounging was 30% more likely at exposed feeding sites, although this is not due to increased anti-predator vigilance. A possible explanation is that riskier places are used by individuals with lower fat reserves.

  

Survival

 

Predators of the tree sparrow include a variety of accipiters, falcons and owls, such as the Eurasian sparrowhawk, common kestrel, little owl, and sometimes long-eared owl and white stork. It does not appear to be at an increased risk of predation during its autumn moult, despite having fewer flight feathers at that time. Nests may be raided by Eurasian magpies, jays, least weasels, rats, cats and constricting snakes such as the horseshoe whip snake.

 

Many species of birdlice are present on the birds and in their nests, and mites of the genus Knemidocoptes have been known to infest populations, resulting in lesions on the legs and toes. Parasitisation of nestlings by Protocalliphora blow-fly larvae is a significant factor in nestling mortality. Egg size does not influence nestling mortality, but chicks from large eggs grow faster.

 

Tree sparrows are also subject to bacterial and viral infections. Bacteria have been shown to be an important factor in the failure of eggs to hatch and in nestling mortality, and mass deaths due to Salmonella infection have been noted in Japan. Avian malaria parasites have been found in the blood of many populations, and birds in China were found to harbour a strain of H5N1 that was highly virulent to chickens.

 

The immune response of tree sparrows is less robust than that of the house sparrow and has been proposed as a factor in the greater invasive potential of the latter. The house sparrow and tree sparrow are the most frequent victims of roadkill on the roads of Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. The maximum recorded age is 13.1 years, but three years is a typical lifespan.

  

Status

 

The tree sparrow has a large, currently unquantified range; its world population is also unknown, but includes an estimated 52–96 million individuals in Europe. Although population trends have not been evaluated, the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (that is, declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species' conservation status is evaluated at the global level as "Least Concern".

 

Although the tree sparrow has been expanding its range in Fennoscandia and eastern Europe, populations have been declining in much of western Europe, a trend reflected in other farmland birds such as the skylark, corn bunting and northern lapwing. From 1980 to 2003, common farmland bird numbers fell by 28%. The collapse in populations seems to have been particularly severe in Great Britain, where there was a 95% decline between 1970 and 1998, and Ireland, which had only 1,000–1,500 pairs in the late 1990s. In the British Isles, such declines may be due to natural fluctuations, to which tree sparrows are known to be prone. Breeding performance has improved substantially as population sizes have decreased, suggesting that decreases in productivity were not responsible for the decline and that survival was the critical factor. The large decline in tree sparrow numbers is probably the result of agricultural intensification and specialisation, particularly the increased use of herbicides and a trend towards autumn-sown crops (at the expense of spring-sown crops that produce stubble fields in winter). The change from mixed to specialised farming and the increased use of insecticides has reduced the amount of insect food available for nestlings.

  

Relationships with humans

 

The tree sparrow is seen as a pest in some areas. In Australia, it damages many cereal and fruit crops and spoils cereal crops, animal feed and stored grain with its droppings. Quarantine rules prohibit the transport of this species into Western Australia.

 

Chairman Mao Zedong of China attempted in April 1958 to reduce crop damage by tree sparrows, estimated at 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) of grain per bird each year, by mobilising three million people and many scarecrows to drive the birds to death by exhaustion. Although initially successful, the "great sparrow campaign" had overlooked the numbers of locusts and other insect pests consumed by the birds, and crop yields fell, exacerbating a famine which led to the deaths of 30 million people between 1959 and 1961. The tree sparrow's consumption of insects has led to its use in agriculture to control fruit tree pests and the common asparagus beetle, Crioceris aspergi.

 

The tree sparrow has long been depicted in Chinese and Japanese art, often on a plant spray or in a flying flock, and representations by oriental artists including Hiroshige have featured on the postage stamps of Antigua and Barbuda, Central African Republic, China and the Gambia. More straightforward illustrations were used on the stamps of Belarus, Belgium, Cambodia, Estonia and Taiwan. The fluttering of the bird gave rise to a traditional Japanese dance, the Suzume Odori, which was depicted by artists such as Hokusai.

 

In the Philippines, where it is one of several species referred to as maya, and is sometimes specifically referred to as the "mayang simbahan" ("church maya" or "church sparrow"), the tree sparrow is the most common bird in the cities. Many urban Filipinos confuse it with the former national bird of the Philippines, the black-headed munia - also called a maya, but specifically differentiated in folk taxa as the "mayang pula" ("red maya").

  

[Credit: en.wikipedia.org/]

Milieu du IVe siècle av. J.-C.,

Céramique à figures rouges,

Provenance : Herakleia (Policoro), Tombe 100

Musée Archéologique National de Siritide, Policoro

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Senza ombra di dubbio è un posto da visitare e che non dimenticherete. Il buio e il suono dei tamburi nella notte, i fumi delle bancarelle che vendono cibo, i fuochi, la varietà di persone che lo popola sono un ricordo vivido nella mia mente. Jemaa el Fna è la piazza al centro della quale si sviluppa la città vecchia di Marrakech. È circondata a nord dal souk, a est dalla Kasbah. Patrimonio orale dell'umanità Unesco è trafficatissima giorno e notte: tanti i turisti, ma la massima parte delle persone che la popolano sono marocchini. È sede di bancarelle che vendono diversi genere di merci (dalla frutta, alle spremute, alle stoffe, a oggetti usati contro le malattie). La mattina è dominata da incantatori di serpenti, acquaioli, decoratrici con l'hennè. Ma fate attenzione perché tutto ha un prezzo. La foto scattata con la scimmia o con il cobra che vi saranno messi in testa o il ritratto dell'acquaiolo (non bevete l'acqua se ci tenete allo stomaco, però) andranno remunerati e vi conviene contrattare il prezzo prima per evitare sgraditissime sorprese. La sera a dominare la piazza buia sono invece concerti, cantastorie e le decine di affollatissime bancarelle dedicate al cibo e che offrono in particolare economici brochettes (spiedini di carne o pesce), con i fumi delle grigliate che si elevano sopra la piazza illuminati dalle luci. Uno stand vale l'altro e mangiarci è un'esperienza da fare.

La Piazza Jema El-Fna è uno dei punti di ritrovo principali di Marrakech. Nel 2001 l'Unesco l'ha denominata Patrimonio Orale e Immateriale dell'Umanità. È situata a lato dei vari suk e a partire dalle ore 17.00 si riempie di venditori di succhi di frutta naturali, frutta secca, donne che dipingono il corpo con l'hennè, incantatori di serpenti, musici, venditori ambulanti, tassisti, veggenti, turisti e addirittura dentisti! Inoltre è circondata da piccole moschee e la chiamata alla preghiera diventa un vero spettacolo. I caffè più famosi della città si trovano proprio qui: Il Café De France, l'Argana... Tutti hanno terrazze in cui sedersi per sorseggiare tè alla menta o cenare con vista sulla piazza. A ora di cena,in particolare durante il tramonto, vengono improvvisati punti di ristoro che propongono pietanze di carne, pesce o cuscus.

La Piazza Jemaa el Fna è la piazza centrale di Marrakech, luogo dichiarato dall'UNESCO "di tradizione orale". Qui si recano gli "Gnaouas", un gruppo di musicisti locali, a suonare musica e percussioni, accompagnati da incantatori di serpenti o di scimmie. Si raccontano storie, si balla, si mangia fino a tarda ora. Durante il giorno la piazza, che si trova accanto alla Kutubia, è quasi vuota a causa del gran caldo. Nel pomeriggio iniziano ad apparire i primi tavoli e le prime sedie, assieme ai venditori di cibo e a coloro che preparano carne alla griglia e cous-cous. Durante il giorno si può prendere un succo d'arancia, spremuto all'istante, accompagnato da datteri e dolci tipici. Il momento migliore rimane il tardo pomeriggio, quando la piazza si riempie di gente del posto, persone arrivate dal deserto per vendere tessuti o animali magici in grado di curare qualsiasi malanno, famiglie che vengono a mangiare.

 

Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and market place in Marrakesh's medina quarter (old city). The origin of its name is unclear: Jemaa means "congregational mosque" in Arabic, probably referring to a destroyed Almoravid mosque. "Fanâʼ" or "finâ'" can mean "death" or "a courtyard, space in front of a building." Thus, one meaning could be "The mosque or assembly of death," or "The Mosque at the End of the World". A more likely explanation is that it refers to a mosque with a distinctive courtyard or square in front of it. Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids 1070-1072. After a destructive struggle, it was falling to the Almohads in 1147. Following this, Jamaa el Fna was renovated along with much of the city. The city walls were also extended by Abou Yacoub Youssef and particularly by Yacoub el Mansour 1147-1158. The surrounding mosque, palace, hospital, parade ground and gardens around the edges of the marketplace were also overhauled, and the Kasbah was fortified. Subsequently, with the fortunes of the city, Jamaa el Fna saw periods of decline and also renewal. The place remains the main square of Marrakesh, used by locals and tourists. During the day it is predominantly occupied by orange juice stalls, youths with chained Barbary apes, water sellers in colourful costumes with traditional leather water-bags and brass cups, and snake charmers who will pose for photographs for tourists. As the day progresses, the entertainment on offer changes: the snake charmers depart, and late in the day the square becomes more crowded, with Chleuh dancing-boys (it would be against custom for girls to provide such entertainment), story-tellers (telling their tales in Berber or Arabic, to an audience of appreciative locals), magicians, and peddlers of traditional medicines. As darkness falls, the square fills with dozens of food-stalls as the number of people on the square peaks. The square is edged along one side by the Marrakesh souk, a traditional North African market catering both for the common daily needs of the locals, and for the tourist trade. On other sides are hotels and gardens and cafe terraces offering an escape from the noise and confusion of the square. Once a bus station, the place was closed to vehicle traffic in the early 2000s. The authorities are well aware of its importance to the tourist trade, and a strong but discreet police presence ensures the safety of visitors. The idea of the UNESCO project Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity came from people concerned about the Jamaa el Fna. The place is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures. In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level, to recognize the need for the protection of such places - termed "cultural spaces" - and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression. UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage. The UNESCO label aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity. The spectacle of Jamaa el Fna is repeated daily and each day it is different. Everything changes - voices, sounds, gestures, the public which sees, listens, smells, tastes, touches. The oral tradition is framed by one much vaster - that we can call intangible. The Square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition.

 

Jamaâ El Fna (en arabe : جامع الفناء, littéralement en français: "assemblée des trépassés" est une place située à Marrakech à côté de la mosquée Koutoubia. Ce haut-lieu touristique attire sans cesse plus d'un million de visiteurs venus pour assister aux spectacles animés par les charmeurs de serpents, les dresseurs de singes, les conteurs, les musiciens et d’autres artistes populaires, jeux, dessin au henné, etc... du début de soirée jusqu'à l'appel de la prière de l'aube. L'espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna a été inscrit par l’UNESCO en 2001 en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité. Elle se distingue aussi par des orateurs qui racontent des histoires ou vantent les mérites de produits magiques. Son nom de "assemblée des trépassés" vient du fait qu'elle servait autrefois à l'exposition, sur ordre du Sultan, des têtes des condamnés à mort qui venaient d'être exécutés. Certains jours, on pouvait ainsi compter jusqu'à quarante-cinq têtes. Elle est le théâtre d'une explosion meurtrière le 28 avril 20113. L’attentat, provoqué par une bombe actionnée à distance dont l'auteur présumé a été arrêté le 5 mai 2011, a fait 17 morts dont 8 français.

At 12 miles, the 60 is one of the longest routes in South London heading through country lanes and a golf course to get there. It still utilises old but refurbished DB300 diesels which will likely stay there for its contract duration. Can’t imagine the seats being particularly comfortable though (mind you, anything is more comfortable than a Gemini frog or an early Evoseti seat).

 

LJ59GTF (DW259) is picking up passengers at Streatham Station before departing to Old Coulsdon via Croydon and Purley. Based at Croydon (TC) Garage.

Guindeau d’amarrage qui était utilisé au moment de l'événement sur le pont gaillard du Nord Quebec - Forecastle deck of Nord Quebec, showing mooring windlass that was being used at time of occurrence.

 

Pour en savoir plus : www.tsb.gc.ca/fra/enquetes-investigations/marine/2017/m17...

 

Learn more: www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/enquetes-investigations/marine/2017/m17...

 

Utilising a vast array of spectacular special effects, including fountains, fireworks, HD pixel-mapping projections, fire, water screens, multi-coloured lasers and a bright "Second Star to the Right" atop Sleeping Beauty Castle itself, this new signature show for Disneyland Paris will be presented every single night.

 

As the Second Star to the Right shines brightly in the skies above, Peter Pan flies onto the scene with Wendy following close behind. "What a perfect night for dreaming!" he proclaims, calling out for Tinker Bell to help them fly off to the star with her special pixie dust. Suddenly, Peter Pan's shadow jumps free and runs across the façade of the castle, Pan chasing behind. He grabs a hold of his feet, but the shadow pulls away only to smash right into the star, knocking its light -- and its dreams -- out!

 

They pour out across the castle, engulfing Peter's shadow and leading him on an epic journey through the greatest Disney Dreams ever wished upon a star. He dances with Lumière to "Be Our Guest" from Beauty and the Beast, flies on a magic carpet with Genie from Aladdin for the spectacular "Friend Like Me", meets Remy from Ratatouille in Paris and dances across the chimney tops with Bert from Mary Poppins to "Step in Time". Quasimodo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, dreams of going "Out There" while Rapunzel dreams of seeing the mystical lights in "I See the Light" from Tangled.

 

Things turn sour as Dr Facilier from The Princess and Frog teaches Shadow a thing or two about be careful what you wish for. The tentacles of Ursula from The Little Mermaid twist and pull Peter's Shadow, before a fiery blast from the dragon of Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty erupts.

 

Finally, Captain Hook arrives on the scene, grabbing Shadow by his hook and turfing him into the waters where his ticking crocodile lies. Will Peter Pan be able to find Tinkerbell, save his Shadow and restore the magic to the Second Star to the Right, making it shine brightly in the night sky again, for dreamers around the world to wish upon?

 

Disney Dreams! at Disneyland Paris is an epic tale that teaches you: always believe in your dreams. Anyone can fly, and everyone can soar beyond the stars. If only you dream your dream.

 

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Thésée-la-Romaine (Loir-et-Cher)

 

Chélidoine (toxique)

Chelidonium majus (papavéracée)

 

Herbe aux verrues, grande éclaire.

 

La chélidoine a été utilisée dans le traitement de la jaunisse.

 

Remède N°188 : Vin pour la jaunisse.

Recette : De la Chélidoine, et la faire bouillir dans du vin blanc, et de cette infusion en boire un verre le matin à jeun. La petite Chelidoine a le même effet.

(Le Manuel ou formules de différentes espèces de médicaments faciles à préparer, utiles à toutes sortes de personnes, avec dix remarques pour faciliter la juste application des remèdes qui sont contenus dans ce traité, ensemble leurs vertus et les doses de chaque remède.Leçons tirées de la pratique et de l'expérience. A Gisors, 1753. M. Fournier, maître en chirurgie au bailliage de Gisors)

 

La chélidoine est toxique, n'utiliser pour son usage interne que des remèdes certifiés par les autorités sanitaires. L'absorption de la plante fraîche de chélidoine, provoque des effets secondaires de type dépression du système nerveux puis narcotique. L'ingestion du suc non dilué ou de toute préparation médicinale de plante fraîche à dose excessive entraîne des accidents nerveux et de graves irritations viscérales.

 

Sainte Hildegarde de Bingen (1098-1179) disait:

"La Chélidoine est très chaude et vénéneuse car elle contient un suc qui est un poison noir et âcre et ne peut faire aucun bien à l'homme, car, si sur un point elle pouvait faire du bien à l'homme, elle apporterait ailleurs un plus grand mal. Si on en mange ou si on en boit, elle brûle et blesse à l'intérieur, et il arrive qu'elle provoque chez l'homme une digestion douloureuse et mauvaise pour la santé".

 

En Bavière, on utilisait la racine de chélidoine comme amulette, pour expulser le mal de dents. Dans les campagnes on donne encore le nom d'herbe dentaire à la grande chélidoine. "Pour rompre les dents gâtées", Matthiole (1572) conseillait de mettre sur celles-ci du jus d'éclaire (chélidoine). De même, Ettmuller (1691) indiquait : "le suc de grande chélidoine mis dans le creux de la dent la brise & la fait sauter". Un remède populaire lorrain pour faire tomber les dents, était le suivant : "prenez racine de chélidoine, en frottez la dent et subitement elle tombera". En Bretagne, la chélidoine était employée, en masticatoire, comme bon calmant des douleurs. (Musée Flaubert et d’Histoire de la Médecine de Rouen - Expo art dentaire de 2006)

 

La plante doit son nom populaire de « grande éclaire » à son pouvoir légendaire de rendre la vue.

 

D'après Léonard de Vinci: l'Hirondelle. — Avec la Chélidoine elle rend la lumière à ses petits aveugles.(Léonard de Vinci : les 14 manuscrits de l'Institut de France)

 

Le Vieux Saint- Maur. No 53, 1973.

Cr. Polet : Requiem pour deux belles, p. 197-203.

A Saint-Maur, il y a 25 ans, la chélidoine et l'ancolie poussaient encore à l'état sauvage. Les deux fleurs ont inspiré les sculpteurs des églises environnantes, qui les ont représentées sur les chapiteaux des églises Saint-Saturnin de Nogent et Saint-Christophe de Créteil. Le choix de ces plantes avait valeur de symbole : la chélidoine passait pour rendre la vue aux aveugles ; quant à l'ancolie, elle symbolisait l'union de la nature divine et de la nature humaine. ,

(cité par Geneviève Cot. Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique de Nogent-sur- Marne et du canton de Nogent. n° 12, 2e série, 1971-1972.)

 

La chélidoine est appelée dans les campagnes l'herbe aux verrues.

 

Pour soigner les verrues, on pose une goutte de latex orange corrosif sur celle-ci, en évitant la peau environnante. Le traitement est à renouveler. Les dermatologues sont sceptiques sur ce traitement, car cela ne marche pas à tous les coups.

 

Certains médicaments provenant de la chélidoine ont été expérimentés dans un but antitumoral. En effet, cette plante agit sur la division des cellules.

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Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments!

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娟娟杜鹃！ ;-*

 

Dujiangyan - China - Mai 2005

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Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥ thank you so much for the visit and kind comments! ♥

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The 'Dream Tour' utilising Boeings new 787 'Dreamliner' has reached Manchester where the aircraft has just spent two days. It is pictured here doing a flypast on its first approach where the aircraft 'dipped its wings' for the crowds. After climing and going around again the aircraft landed, which had representatives from the Airport, Boeing and Thomson on board, Thomson being the UK launch customer for the aircraft.

 

Boeing 787 - MSN 40692 - N787BX

Airline Boeing

Status : Active

Registration : N787BX

Country : USA

Codes BOE

Callsign : Boeing

Web site : www.boeing.com

 

Serial number 40692 LN:3

Type 787-881

First flight date 14/03/2010

Plane age 2.1 years

Engines 2 x RR Trent 1000

 

14/03/2010 Boeing N787BX

   

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Aaaaaaaaaand yet another German promotional diecast truck which utilises yet another different Mercedes-Benz Actros casting. There is definitely a theme going on here, the Hermey brand is a promotional company rather than a toy maker, the cab is fully licensed to Mercedes yet no sign of an actual manufacturer yet the overall product is definitely of decent quality. Perhaps not as well detailed or cast as other similar Actros models, nonetheless its crisply and well sculptured with realistic looking wheels and a fully articulated trailer with Persil washing powder livery and artwork. To try and be a completist with all these German promotional models would surely end in bankruptcy and a mental breakdown such is the vast availability and choice.

Mint and boxed.

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Il bacino di Arcachon è un bacino di acqua salata, comunicante con l'Oceano Atlantico, situato in Francia nel dipartimento della Gironda, tra le città di Arcachon e Lège-Cap-Ferret. Fa parte delle Landes della Guascogna. A differenza degli stagni delle Landes, il bacino comunica con l'Oceano Atlantico tramite un passaggio, attraverso il quale la marea oceanica sposta quotidianamente una quantità considerevole d'acqua. L'alta marea si produce regolarmente ogni 12 ore circa. Durante la bassa marea, il bacino si riduce ad un'unione di canali navigabili. I canali ed i banchi di sabbia evolvono nel tempo sotto l'influenza della marea: circa 370 milioni di metri cubi d'acqua sono scambiati quotidianamente tra bacino e oceano, con una velocità media di circa 2 m/s, portando con sé molta sabbia. I sedimenti sabbiosi mobili che caratterizzano questo bacino sono distribuiti principalmente delle correnti di marea, che formano canali e barre secondo una tipica configurazione di piana di marea. Il passaggio con l'Oceano, la cui navigazione è resa problematica dalle numerose correnti, è dominato a sud dalla duna del Pyla e a nord dal Cap Ferret. La duna è imponente e ben visibile da gran parte dei comuni che si affacciano sul bacino: Arcachon, Lège-Cap-Ferret, Arès, Andernos-les-Bains, La Teste-de-Buch, Gujan-Mestras. Al centro del bacino si trova l'île aux oiseaux (isola degli uccelli): l'isola, che non ha corrente elettrica, ospita soltanto alcune palafitte e case in legno usate dagli ostricoltori. L'estensione dell'isola aumenta considerevolmente con la bassa marea.

Il bacino è inoltre alimentato di acqua dolce dal fiume Leyre, che è all'origine della sua formazione. Il bacino attira ogni estate un numero considerevole di turisti, che vi praticano la pesca e numerosi sport nautici. La principale attività del bacino (ed anche risorsa economica, assieme al turismo) è però l'ostricoltura: la presenza regolare della marea infatti permette di costruire delle strutture in cui coltivare le ostriche che, nel corso della giornata, vengono periodicamente sommerse dall'acqua. A sud-est del bacino vi è inoltre la riserva ornitologica del Teich, parco visitabile, che offre la possibilità di osservare da vicino, nel loro habitat naturale, una gran quantità di uccelli marini e non, stanziali e migratori.

 

Le bassin d’Arcachon (Laca d'Arcaishon en gascon) est une lagune mésotidale située dans les Landes de Gascogne, en Gironde, entre les villes de La Teste-de-Buch au sud, Lège-Cap-Ferret à l’ouest et le delta de la Leyre à l’est. Lui seul interrompt le cordon dunaire de 250 km de la Côte d’Argent, qui s'étend de l’estuaire de la Gironde au fleuve Adour. À la différence des grands lacs landais, il est largement ouvert sur l’océan Atlantique par l’intermédiaire des passes du bassin d’Arcachon et constitue une petite mer intérieure de 155 km² à marée haute et de 40 km² à marée basse. On y pratique l’ostréiculture, la pêche et la navigation de plaisance. Depuis le 8 juin 2014, il abrite le parc naturel marin du bassin d'Arcachon. Le bassin d'Arcachon fait partie du Pays de Buch, il est situé au cœur des Landes de Gascogne, à mi-chemin entre la pointe de Grave et Capbreton, au sud-ouest du département de la Gironde à une cinquantaine de kilomètres de Bordeaux. Le bassin est de forme triangulaire, délimité par plus de 80 km de côtes plates ou dunaires boisées. Le pourtour du bassin commence, dans le sens trigonométrique (antihoraire) au Pyla-sur-Mer puis remonte au nord vers Arcachon oblique à l'est puis au sud et à nouveau à l'est au niveau de La Teste-de-Buch. Il remonte au nord-ouest au niveau du delta de la Leyre puis à partir de Lège descend au sud-ouest jusqu'au Cap-Ferret, en face du Pyla-sur-Mer. Au centre du bassin se trouve « l'île aux oiseaux » et ses cabanes tchanquées. En plus de recevoir à La Hume de l'eau en provenance du lac de Cazaux (via le canal de Cazaux), à Lège celle venant du lac de Lacanau (via le canal des Étangs) et sur tout son pourtour des eaux de ruissellement via plusieurs ruisseaux ou quelques crastes, le Bassin est aussi alimenté en eau douce par l'Eyre. Ce petit fleuve côtier de 80 km de long, issu de la forêt des landes, est à l'origine de la formation du bassin d'Arcachon. En apportant un flux continu d'eau, il contribue à empêcher l'obstruction des passes par les sables venus de l'océan. L'ouverture sur l'océan Atlantique se fait par un accès unique, les « passes », un ensemble de chenaux d'environ trois kilomètres de large permettant la circulation de l'eau entre le bassin et l'océan. La force des courants de flux et de reflux rendent délicats les franchissements de ces passes, surtout aux marées de grands coefficients pour la navigation ; des accidents mortels de marins expérimentés sont régulièrement constatés. La localisation et la structure des passes suivent une évolution cyclique dont la période est d'environ 80 ans: les passes sont en fait deux chenaux grosso modo parallèles (la Passe sud et la Passe nord) dont le tracé se déplace en direction du sud-est (du Cap-Ferret vers la dune du Pilat). Quand la passe la plus au sud atteint la plage au pied de la dune, elle se rétrécit puis « disparait » alors qu'une nouvelle passe se forme vers le nord, du côté du Cap, transformant ainsi l'ancienne « Passe nord » en une nouvelle « Passe sud ». Le balisage (bouées de navigation) est sans cesse corrigé et les cartes marines nécessitent une mise à jour permanente. À la différence des grands lacs landais (Hourtin et Carcans, Lacanau, Cazaux et Sanguinet, Biscarosse et Parentis) cet écosystème original est largement ouvert sur le golfe de Gascogne et la marée fait pénétrer et sortir deux fois par jour des masses d'eau considérables. Le bassin est partiellement isolé de l'océan par un cordon dunaire comprenant notamment le Cap Ferret, la dune du Pilat et le banc d'Arguin (classé réserve naturelle). Des bancs de sable mobiles charriés par les courants marins en modifient sans cesse le tracé et favorisent les organismes aquatiques non fixés dans les passes et sur les bancs de sable qui évoluent au cours du temps particulièrement lors de fortes tempêtes mais aussi plus simplement et inexorablement sous l'effet des marées (environ 370 millions de mètres cubes d'eau sont échangés entre le bassin et l'océan chaque jour, à une vitesse moyenne d'environ 2 m/s, emportant le sable se trouvant sur les bords des passes) et du courant marin (longeant le littoral du nord vers le sud, il charrie environ 600 000 mètres cubes de sable par an). Localement les herbiers de zostères (Zostera noltii) accueillent, accueillaient ou pourraient accueillir une riche faune ou microflore épiphyte. Le en tant que vaste zone humide et pour son caractère original, ce bassin occupe une place importante dans la Trame verte et bleue nationale, mais le bon état écologique n'y est pas atteint. En particulier des algues vertes prolifèrent anormalement et les zostères, pour des raisons mal comprises et probablement multifactorielles y sont en forte régression ce qui est préoccupant car en tant qu'herbier aquatique elles fixent le fond et sont un abri et une source de nourriture pour un grand nombre d'autres espèces. L'azote et les pesticides agricoles et urbains apportés par les pluies et eaux de ruissellement10, ainsi que les biocides des antifoolings sont suspectés. Le bassin d'Arcachon jouit d'un climat doux avec un ensoleillement important tout au long de l'année (2100 heures en moyenne sur le bassin). Les hivers y sont pluvieux mais rarement rigoureux. Il neige toutefois une ou deux fois par an en général. En revanche, les tempêtes d'automne et d'hiver soufflent souvent avec force sur le bassin, rendant les passes impraticables. On a relevé plus de 170 km/h lors du passage des tempêtes Klaus en 2009 et Martin en 1999. Les étés y sont secs et chauds, et rarement caniculaires. La brise thermique se lève en effet souvent l'après-midi, les épisodes de fortes chaleurs ayant du mal à persister dans la durée. De violents orages venus du golfe de Gascogne touchent épisodiquement le bassin (juin 1987, juillet 2003, septembre 2004), occasionnant parfois d'importants dégâts. Les températures maximales moyennes varient de 11 ou 12 °C en hiver à 25 ou 26 °C l'été. La température de la mer dans le bassin est de 13 ou 14 °C alors qu'elle est en moyenne de 10 ou 11 °C dans l'océan en hiver. En été, le bassin se réchauffe pour atteindre jusqu'à 22 ou 23 °C alors qu'elle atteint 19 à 21 °C sur l'Atlantique.

 

Arcachon Bay (in French, the Bassin d'Arcachon, and known locally simply as "le Bassin") is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France, situated between the Côte d'Argent and the Côte des Landes, in the region of Aquitaine. The bay covers an area of 150 km² at high tide and 40 km² at low tide. Some of its geological features are natural preservation areas. The general shape of the Bassin d'Arcachon is that of an equilateral triangle pointing north, the southwest corner of which is open to the sea, between Cap Ferret and the town of Arcachon (more specifically, its suburb Pyla-sur-Mer), through a 3 km narrow channel (Les Passes). On the north shore is the town of Arès, then Andernos-les-Bains on the northeast. Just south of the entrance is The Great Dune of Pyla. Nearly in the middle of the bay is a very particular island: L'île aux Oiseaux (Isle of the Birds). The Bassin still has a link to the sea perhaps because of the Eyre river that runs from the Landes forest and has its mouth (Delta de l'Eyre) in its southeast corner. Otherwise the Bassin would have become blocked by the sandbanks built up by the tides. In the past, similar areas became lakes (called in French lacs or étangs) and are nowadays filled with fresh water. On the French Atlantic coast, running north-south between the Gironde estuary to the Adour river mouth, are the Lac d'Hourtin-Carcans, the Lac de Lacanau, the Étang de Cazaux et de Sanguinet, the Étang de Biscarrosse et de Parentis, the Étang d'Aureilhan, the Étang de Léon, the Étang de Soustons, the Étang Hardy, the Étang Blanc and the Étang de Garros. Arcachon Bay is the last water area that remains open to the ocean.

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Il bacino di Arcachon è un bacino di acqua salata, comunicante con l'Oceano Atlantico, situato in Francia nel dipartimento della Gironda, tra le città di Arcachon e Lège-Cap-Ferret. Fa parte delle Landes della Guascogna. A differenza degli stagni delle Landes, il bacino comunica con l'Oceano Atlantico tramite un passaggio, attraverso il quale la marea oceanica sposta quotidianamente una quantità considerevole d'acqua. L'alta marea si produce regolarmente ogni 12 ore circa. Durante la bassa marea, il bacino si riduce ad un'unione di canali navigabili. I canali ed i banchi di sabbia evolvono nel tempo sotto l'influenza della marea: circa 370 milioni di metri cubi d'acqua sono scambiati quotidianamente tra bacino e oceano, con una velocità media di circa 2 m/s, portando con sé molta sabbia. I sedimenti sabbiosi mobili che caratterizzano questo bacino sono distribuiti principalmente delle correnti di marea, che formano canali e barre secondo una tipica configurazione di piana di marea. Il passaggio con l'Oceano, la cui navigazione è resa problematica dalle numerose correnti, è dominato a sud dalla duna del Pyla e a nord dal Cap Ferret. La duna è imponente e ben visibile da gran parte dei comuni che si affacciano sul bacino: Arcachon, Lège-Cap-Ferret, Arès, Andernos-les-Bains, La Teste-de-Buch, Gujan-Mestras. Al centro del bacino si trova l'île aux oiseaux (isola degli uccelli): l'isola, che non ha corrente elettrica, ospita soltanto alcune palafitte e case in legno usate dagli ostricoltori. L'estensione dell'isola aumenta considerevolmente con la bassa marea.

Il bacino è inoltre alimentato di acqua dolce dal fiume Leyre, che è all'origine della sua formazione. Il bacino attira ogni estate un numero considerevole di turisti, che vi praticano la pesca e numerosi sport nautici. La principale attività del bacino (ed anche risorsa economica, assieme al turismo) è però l'ostricoltura: la presenza regolare della marea infatti permette di costruire delle strutture in cui coltivare le ostriche che, nel corso della giornata, vengono periodicamente sommerse dall'acqua. A sud-est del bacino vi è inoltre la riserva ornitologica del Teich, parco visitabile, che offre la possibilità di osservare da vicino, nel loro habitat naturale, una gran quantità di uccelli marini e non, stanziali e migratori.

 

Le bassin d’Arcachon (Laca d'Arcaishon en gascon) est une lagune mésotidale située dans les Landes de Gascogne, en Gironde, entre les villes de La Teste-de-Buch au sud, Lège-Cap-Ferret à l’ouest et le delta de la Leyre à l’est. Lui seul interrompt le cordon dunaire de 250 km de la Côte d’Argent, qui s'étend de l’estuaire de la Gironde au fleuve Adour. À la différence des grands lacs landais, il est largement ouvert sur l’océan Atlantique par l’intermédiaire des passes du bassin d’Arcachon et constitue une petite mer intérieure de 155 km² à marée haute et de 40 km² à marée basse. On y pratique l’ostréiculture, la pêche et la navigation de plaisance. Depuis le 8 juin 2014, il abrite le parc naturel marin du bassin d'Arcachon. Le bassin d'Arcachon fait partie du Pays de Buch, il est situé au cœur des Landes de Gascogne, à mi-chemin entre la pointe de Grave et Capbreton, au sud-ouest du département de la Gironde à une cinquantaine de kilomètres de Bordeaux. Le bassin est de forme triangulaire, délimité par plus de 80 km de côtes plates ou dunaires boisées. Le pourtour du bassin commence, dans le sens trigonométrique (antihoraire) au Pyla-sur-Mer puis remonte au nord vers Arcachon oblique à l'est puis au sud et à nouveau à l'est au niveau de La Teste-de-Buch. Il remonte au nord-ouest au niveau du delta de la Leyre puis à partir de Lège descend au sud-ouest jusqu'au Cap-Ferret, en face du Pyla-sur-Mer. Au centre du bassin se trouve « l'île aux oiseaux » et ses cabanes tchanquées. En plus de recevoir à La Hume de l'eau en provenance du lac de Cazaux (via le canal de Cazaux), à Lège celle venant du lac de Lacanau (via le canal des Étangs) et sur tout son pourtour des eaux de ruissellement via plusieurs ruisseaux ou quelques crastes, le Bassin est aussi alimenté en eau douce par l'Eyre. Ce petit fleuve côtier de 80 km de long, issu de la forêt des landes, est à l'origine de la formation du bassin d'Arcachon. En apportant un flux continu d'eau, il contribue à empêcher l'obstruction des passes par les sables venus de l'océan. L'ouverture sur l'océan Atlantique se fait par un accès unique, les « passes », un ensemble de chenaux d'environ trois kilomètres de large permettant la circulation de l'eau entre le bassin et l'océan. La force des courants de flux et de reflux rendent délicats les franchissements de ces passes, surtout aux marées de grands coefficients pour la navigation ; des accidents mortels de marins expérimentés sont régulièrement constatés. La localisation et la structure des passes suivent une évolution cyclique dont la période est d'environ 80 ans: les passes sont en fait deux chenaux grosso modo parallèles (la Passe sud et la Passe nord) dont le tracé se déplace en direction du sud-est (du Cap-Ferret vers la dune du Pilat). Quand la passe la plus au sud atteint la plage au pied de la dune, elle se rétrécit puis « disparait » alors qu'une nouvelle passe se forme vers le nord, du côté du Cap, transformant ainsi l'ancienne « Passe nord » en une nouvelle « Passe sud ». Le balisage (bouées de navigation) est sans cesse corrigé et les cartes marines nécessitent une mise à jour permanente. À la différence des grands lacs landais (Hourtin et Carcans, Lacanau, Cazaux et Sanguinet, Biscarosse et Parentis) cet écosystème original est largement ouvert sur le golfe de Gascogne et la marée fait pénétrer et sortir deux fois par jour des masses d'eau considérables. Le bassin est partiellement isolé de l'océan par un cordon dunaire comprenant notamment le Cap Ferret, la dune du Pilat et le banc d'Arguin (classé réserve naturelle). Des bancs de sable mobiles charriés par les courants marins en modifient sans cesse le tracé et favorisent les organismes aquatiques non fixés dans les passes et sur les bancs de sable qui évoluent au cours du temps particulièrement lors de fortes tempêtes mais aussi plus simplement et inexorablement sous l'effet des marées (environ 370 millions de mètres cubes d'eau sont échangés entre le bassin et l'océan chaque jour, à une vitesse moyenne d'environ 2 m/s, emportant le sable se trouvant sur les bords des passes) et du courant marin (longeant le littoral du nord vers le sud, il charrie environ 600 000 mètres cubes de sable par an). Localement les herbiers de zostères (Zostera noltii) accueillent, accueillaient ou pourraient accueillir une riche faune ou microflore épiphyte. Le en tant que vaste zone humide et pour son caractère original, ce bassin occupe une place importante dans la Trame verte et bleue nationale, mais le bon état écologique n'y est pas atteint. En particulier des algues vertes prolifèrent anormalement et les zostères, pour des raisons mal comprises et probablement multifactorielles y sont en forte régression ce qui est préoccupant car en tant qu'herbier aquatique elles fixent le fond et sont un abri et une source de nourriture pour un grand nombre d'autres espèces. L'azote et les pesticides agricoles et urbains apportés par les pluies et eaux de ruissellement10, ainsi que les biocides des antifoolings sont suspectés. Le bassin d'Arcachon jouit d'un climat doux avec un ensoleillement important tout au long de l'année (2100 heures en moyenne sur le bassin). Les hivers y sont pluvieux mais rarement rigoureux. Il neige toutefois une ou deux fois par an en général. En revanche, les tempêtes d'automne et d'hiver soufflent souvent avec force sur le bassin, rendant les passes impraticables. On a relevé plus de 170 km/h lors du passage des tempêtes Klaus en 2009 et Martin en 1999. Les étés y sont secs et chauds, et rarement caniculaires. La brise thermique se lève en effet souvent l'après-midi, les épisodes de fortes chaleurs ayant du mal à persister dans la durée. De violents orages venus du golfe de Gascogne touchent épisodiquement le bassin (juin 1987, juillet 2003, septembre 2004), occasionnant parfois d'importants dégâts. Les températures maximales moyennes varient de 11 ou 12 °C en hiver à 25 ou 26 °C l'été. La température de la mer dans le bassin est de 13 ou 14 °C alors qu'elle est en moyenne de 10 ou 11 °C dans l'océan en hiver. En été, le bassin se réchauffe pour atteindre jusqu'à 22 ou 23 °C alors qu'elle atteint 19 à 21 °C sur l'Atlantique.

 

Arcachon Bay (in French, the Bassin d'Arcachon, and known locally simply as "le Bassin") is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France, situated between the Côte d'Argent and the Côte des Landes, in the region of Aquitaine. The bay covers an area of 150 km² at high tide and 40 km² at low tide. Some of its geological features are natural preservation areas. The general shape of the Bassin d'Arcachon is that of an equilateral triangle pointing north, the southwest corner of which is open to the sea, between Cap Ferret and the town of Arcachon (more specifically, its suburb Pyla-sur-Mer), through a 3 km narrow channel (Les Passes). On the north shore is the town of Arès, then Andernos-les-Bains on the northeast. Just south of the entrance is The Great Dune of Pyla. Nearly in the middle of the bay is a very particular island: L'île aux Oiseaux (Isle of the Birds). The Bassin still has a link to the sea perhaps because of the Eyre river that runs from the Landes forest and has its mouth (Delta de l'Eyre) in its southeast corner. Otherwise the Bassin would have become blocked by the sandbanks built up by the tides. In the past, similar areas became lakes (called in French lacs or étangs) and are nowadays filled with fresh water. On the French Atlantic coast, running north-south between the Gironde estuary to the Adour river mouth, are the Lac d'Hourtin-Carcans, the Lac de Lacanau, the Étang de Cazaux et de Sanguinet, the Étang de Biscarrosse et de Parentis, the Étang d'Aureilhan, the Étang de Léon, the Étang de Soustons, the Étang Hardy, the Étang Blanc and the Étang de Garros. Arcachon Bay is the last water area that remains open to the ocean.

I find out about the Kentish churches I visit from various places, one is Google maps, as I scroll in all directions from my target church to see if there were any nearby.

 

Norton was one such church.

 

I had not heard of it, but I clicked on the icon on Google Kaps and an image of the church came up.

 

Anyway, onto postcodes: in urban areas a postcide and refer to as few as eight houses. In the country, anything goes.

 

So, I drive from Graveney to Norton, passing through the traffic jam that is Faversham, arriving in the village of Norton and finding no churches in the few houses.

 

As there were only three rads into Norton, and I had been down two, that narrowed my choices, and indeed, I saw the tower of St Mary from over the fields.

 

Mist un-Kentlike.

 

But to find it.

 

The road wound through farmyards and fields, until I came to a wide entrance, and through an orchard, was the church.

 

I drove in, past row and row of apple trees, the air heavy with the scent of rotting apples, as windfalls turned brown on the ground.

 

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The nave and chancel of this isolated church are of equal length, providing a most unusual aspect when viewed from the east end, with their lovely roof timbers exposed. The church is rather dark, partly due to the close proximity of the surrounding trees and partly due to the poor quality stained glass. However, it is the monuments which are so appealing, nearly all of them to families who lived at Norton Court. The most eye-catching is to Benjamin Godfrey (d. 1704). The top of his monument was later utilised as a memorial to the Revd W. Lushington (d. 1842). This was not the first re-use of a Godfrey tomb, for in 1730 the name of Mrs Mary Godi was inscribed on an existing memorial nearby!

 

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Norton

 

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NORTON.

SOUTHWARD from Buckland, but on the opposite side of the high London road, lies Norton, written in antient records Northtune, that is the north town, a name it took seemingly from its situation northward of Newnham, both places belonging to the bishop of Baieux, and held of him by the same tenant.

 

IT LIES close to the south side of the high London road, a little beyond the 44th mile-stone, whence the land rises southward to the hilly country, for about two miles and an half, to Stuppington, a little beyond which it joins to Newnham; its width is about a mile and a half, it joins to Ospringe eastwards at Syndal bottom, near which it is mostly woodland. The land in the lower, or northern part of the parish, is very good, but as it extends to the high ground it becomes gradually less so, being both chalky and much covered with flints. The church, with the seat of Norton-court near it, stands at the western edge of the parish, close to Lewson-street in Tenham, a little more than a quarter of a mile from the London road; at the same distance from which, eastward of the church, is Provenders, a low indifferent house, situated close to the woods, though it is open in front, having a good prospect north-westward; at no great distance above it is Rushitt, once part of the demesnes of Norton manor, as such it now pays part of the rent of castle-guard to Rochester castle, it is now the property of Mr. Richard Mount, who resides in it; and still further on the hills are the estates of Loiterton and Stuppington, where the country, as it becomes poor, becomes, by degrees, tolerably healthy. A small part of the parish extends to the opposite side of the London road, where it adjoins to Stone and Buckland.

 

MR. JACOB observed the Hypericum and rosæmum, tutsan, or park leaves, in a hedge near Provenders wood, in this parish.

 

THE MANOR of Norton, in the reign of the Conqueror, was part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, the king's half-brother, accordingly it is thus entered in the survey of Domesday, under the general title of that prelate's lands:

 

Hugo de Porth holds of the bishop (of Baieux) Nortone. It was taxed at four sulings.The arable land is four carucates. In demesne there are three carucates, and eighteen villeins, with six borderers, having five carucates. There are three churches, and three mills without tallage, and two fisheries of twelve pence. Wood for the pannage of forty hogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, it was worth eight pounds, and afterwards six pounds, now twelve pounds. Osuuard held it of king Edward.

 

Four years after the taking of this survey, the bishop of Baieux was disgraced, and all his possessions became confiscated to the crown.

 

Upon which Hugo de Port, who before held this estate of the bishop, became immediate tenant to the king for it, as his supreme lord. His descendant William, son of Adam de Port, assumed the name of St. John, of which family, as lords paramount, it was held by Hugh de Newenham, and afterwards by his son Fulk de Newenham, whose daughter Juliana, in the reign of Henry II. carried this manor of Norton in marriage to Sir Robert de Campania, or Champion, who resided at Champions court, in Newenham, as part of her inheritance. His descendant John de Campania held it at the latter end of king Edward the 1st.'s reign, and in the 31st year of it had a charter of freewarren granted to him for this manor, as did the lady Champion, or de Campania, in the 20th year of king Edward III. at which time there was a rent of thirty shillings paid from it, for ward to Rochester castle. After this family was become extinct here, which was soon afterwards, the Frogenhalls were become possessed of it, one of whom, John de Frogenhall, died possessed of it, as appears by the escheat-rolls in the reign of king Henry IV. from which name it passed by marriage into that of Boteler, whence it was again carried in marriage by Anne, daughter and sole heir of John Boteler, of Graveney, to John Martin, one of the judges of the common pleas, who died possessed of it in 1436, and was buried in that church. One of his descendants sold this manor, in the reign of Henry VII. to Fynche, descended from those of Sewards, in Linsted, whose descendant Nicholas Fynche left a son and heir George Fynche, esq. who resided at Norton-court, and died in 1584, leaving one daughter and heir Mary, who carried this manor in marriage to Sir Michael Sonds, of Throwley, who in the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign, sold it to Mr. Thomas Milles, who afterwards resided here for some time, till he removed to Davington-hall, but dying without male issue, his only daughter and heir Anne carried it in marriage to John Milles, esq. of Hampshire, who afterwards conveyed it to his brother Dr. Milles, who in the reign of king Charles I. alienated it to his relation Mr. Thomas Milles, of Sussex, and he afterwards, in the next reign of Charles II. sold it to Mr. Baptist Piggott, gent. afterwards of Norton-court, who died in 1677, and was buried in this church. He left Mary, his sole surviving heir, married to Benjamin Godfrey, merchant, of London, who was the twelfth and last surviving son of Thomas Godfrey, esq. of Hodiford, in Sellinge, descended from the Godfreys, of Lyd, whose arms he bore, Sable, a chevron between three pelicans heads, erased, or. He became, in right of his wife, entitled to this manor, and resided at Norton court, and dying in 1704, was buried in this church; he left two sons, John and Baptist surviving, and a daughter Catherine, who married Stephen Lushington, esq. of Sittingborne, who died in 1700, leaving only one son Thomas Godfrey Lushington. Upon the death of Benjamin Godfrey, the fee of it became vested in John Godfrey, esq. the eldest surviving son, who resided here, and was a gentleman of literature, and well versed in antiquities, especially such as related to this county. He died in 1737, s. p. having by his will devised this manor to his nephew Thomas Godfrey Lushington, esq. above-mentioned, who afterwards resided at Canterbury, where he died in 1757, leaving by Dorothy his first wife, daughter of John Gisburne, esq. of Derbyshire, three sons, and one daughter Catherine, then the wife of John Cockin Sole, esq. of Bobbing, on whom he had settled this manor in 1754, on her marriage in his life-time. (fn. 1)

 

John Cockin Sole, esq. becoming thus possessed of Norton-court, removed hither about the year 1765. He died in 1790, leaving an only surviving daughter by his first wife. Soon after his death this manor and seat were sold under the directions of his will to John Bennett, esq. of Faversham, who now owns it.

 

Norton-court is charged with a rent of castle-guard to Rochester-castle.

 

PROVENDERS is an antient seat in this parish, situated about half a mile eastward of the church, which was once the residence of a family of that name, one of whom, John de Provender, was possessed of it in the reign of Henry III. as appeared by an old dateless deed of about that time; but they were extinct here before the reign of Edward III. when Lucas de Vienna, or Vienne, was in the possession of it. His descendant Edward de Vienna paid aid for it, together with lands in this parish, called Viend-garden. From this name this seat passed into that of Quadring, who was possessed of it in the beginning of the reign of king Richard II. and thence again about the latter end of that of Henry IV. to the antient family of Goldwell, of Great Chart, and from them to the Drylands, of Cooksditch, one of which name alienated it, in the reign of Henry VIII. to Robert Atwater, esq. a justice of the peace of this county, and he sold it to Sir James Hales, one of the justices of the common pleas, and son of John Hales, of the Dungeon, one of the barons of the exchequer. He died anno 1555, 2 and 3 of Philip and Mary, whose descendant, in the next reign of queen Elizabeth, passed it away by sale to Thomas Sare, who afterwards resided here.

 

He was the eldest son of Laurence Sare, gent. of Lenham, and married Joane, daughter of John Adye, of Greet, in Doddington, by whom he had one son Adye, and three daughters. Adye Sare, esq the son, likewise resided here, to whom William Camden, clarencieux, in the 10th of James I. confirmed the arms of his ancestors, being Gules, two bars ermine, in chief three martlets or. He had two sons, Thomas and Archdale, and three daughters, Susan, Sarah and Jane, who afterwards became his heirs. (fn. 2)

 

His heirs seem to have sold this seat to Mr. James Hugessen, merchant adventurer, of Dover, who died possessed of it in 1637, and was buried in Linsted church, in which parish his son Mr. James Hugessen resided, at Sewards, where he kept his shrievalty for this county anno 17 Charles I. He died possessed of Provenders in 1646, and was buried in the chapel on the north side of Linsted church, which has continued the burial place of his descendants ever since. (fn. 3)

 

In them this seat continued down to William Hugessen, esq. who likewise resided at Provenders, where he died in 1719, having had three sons and three daughters; of the former, William became his heir, and John was of Stodmarsh, and ancestor of William Hugessen, esq. now of Stodmarsh Court.

 

William Hugessen, esq. the eldest son, resided at Provenders, and died there in 1753. He was twice married, first to Martha, daughter of Peter Gott, esq. who died s. p. and secondly to Dorothy, daughter of Francis Tyssen, esq. of Hackney, by whom he left an only son and heir William Western Hugessen, esq who resided at Provenders, where he died in 1764, leaving by Thomasine his wife, second daughter of Sir John Honywood, bart. three daughters his coheirs, Dorothy, Mary, and Sarah. His widow survived him, and possessed this seat till her death, in 1774, on which their three daughters became entitled to the property of it; of whom Sarah, the youngest daughter, died in 1777, æt. 14, unmarried; upon which her two sisters, Dorothy and Mary, became jointly entitled to this seat, among the rest of their inheritance. Dorothy married in 1779, Joseph Banks, esq. of Reavesby-abbey, in Lincolnshire, since elected president of the royal society, and created a baronet, and Mary, married Edward Knatchbull, esq. now Sir Edward Knatchbull, bart. of Mersham, who in right of their wives became jointly entitled to this seat, among the rest of their inheritance, and continue so at this time. Sir Joseph Banks is descended from ancestors who have resided for several generations at Reavesby-abbey, one of them Robert Banks, esq. was a younger son of the Banks's, of Banke Newton, in Yorkshire, who had been seated there ever since the beginning of Edward the IIId.'s reign, when Sir Simon de Banke acquired that estate by marriage with the daughter and heir of Robert de Catherton, the arms of Banks being Sable, a cross between four fleurs de lis, argent, with which the family have since usually quartered the coat of Catherton, A chevron, between three annulets. Sir Joseph Banks was the first man of scientific education who undertook a voyage of discovery, and that the first, which turned out satisfactory to this enlightened age. He was in some measure the first who gave a turn to such voyages, or rather to their commander Capt. Cooke, as guided and directed, as well those which came after, as those in which he was personally concerned, and botany being his favorite science, he has since his last voyage been preparing for the public, with infinite pains and expence, and account of all the new plants discovered in his voyage round the world. In 1779 he was elected, president of the royal society, and on March 24, 1781, created a baronet; since which, in 1797, he has been made a knight of the bath, and a privy consellor.

 

A further account of Sir Edward Knatchbull, bart. who is M. P. for this county, and at times resides at Provenders, and of his ancestors, may be seen under the description of their family seat at Mersham.

 

STUPPINGTON, antiently written Stependone, is an estate in this parish on the southern extremity of it, and about half a mile eastward of Lodge-house, which was formerly esteemed a manor, and of such account as to be recorded in the general survey of Domesday, at which time it was part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, under the general title of whose estates it is thus entered in it:

 

Hugo de Porth holds of the bishop of Baieux Stependone. Osuuard held it in the time of Edward the Confessor, and then it was taxed at one suling all but one yoke. The arable land is two carucates. In demesne there is. . . . with one servant and five borderers. It is worth thirty shillings.

 

Four years after which, the bishop was disgraced, and all his possessions were confiscated to the crown.

 

Upon which, Hugo, who had before been the bishop's tenant, came to hold it immediately, or in capite, of the king; of his descendants, who had assumed the name of St. John, it was held successively by the Cheneys (fn. 4) and Apulderfields, in which latter it continued, till at length about the end of king Edward the IVth.'s reign, Elizabeth, only daughter of Sir William de Apulderfield, of Badmangore, in Linsted, carried this estate in marriage to Sir John Fineux, chief justice of the king's bench, who died possessed of it in 1525, leaving two daughters his coheirs, of whom Jane, the eldest, carried it in marriage to John Roper, esq. of Eltham, who gave it to his second son Christopher Roper, esq. of Badmangore, whose son Sir John Roper, removed his residence to his new-built seat of Lodge, and was created Lord Teynham, in whose descendants lords Teynham, this estate of Stuppington has continued down to the present right hon. Henry, lord Teynham, the present owner of it.

 

There are no parochial charities. The poor constantly relieved are about twenty, casually thirty.

 

NORTON is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Ospringe.

 

The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, consists of one isle and a chancel, having a square tower at the west end, in which there is one bell. In it, in the chancel, there is a monument for Benjamin Godfrey, esq. of Norton-court; and among others, memorials for the Piggots, of the same place, and of the Sares, of Provenders.

 

The church of Norton was antiently an appendage to the manor, and as such was the property of the family of Newenham. Hugh de Newenham, lord of the manor of Norton, about the latter end of the reign of Henry I. gave, with the consent of his son, to the monks of St. Andrew, in Rochester, this church, with all the land belonging to it, and the half of the tithe of the demesne of the manor, and all other its appurtenances, in perpetual alms; (fn. 5) which gift was made in the presence of archbishop Ralph, who confirmed it to them.

 

Fulk de Newenham confirmed this church, with its appurtenances, in perpetual alms, and the archbishop granted, that Nicholas his chaplain should pay them yearly, in the name of this church, ten shillings annual pension, and that after his secession the whole church of Norton should pass to the perpetual uses of the monks, which was confirmed by archbishops Theobald and Richard, among the rest of the possessions of that monastery. And there was a final concord made in the king's court of exchequer at Westminster, in the 29th year of Henry II. by which the gift made of the appropriation of this church by him and his heirs afterwards, was acknowledged. After which this church was again confirmed to the church and monks of St. Andrew, by the archbishops Richard and Baldwin.

 

Archbishop Hubert, in the 1st year of king John, admitted and instituted Gilbert, bishop of Rochester, and the prior and convent of St. Andrew there, canonically into the parsonage of this church, so that they should always have a perpetual vicar in it, who should possess it with its appurtenances, and should pay to them yearly twenty shillings only, in the name of an annual pension; and every vicar, in order to his being instituted to it, should be elected and presented by the bishop and monks, and so to be instituted perpetual vicar in it by him and his successors, saving always to the church of Rochester the annual pension above-mentioned.

 

On bishop Gilbert de Glanville's coming to the see of Rochester anno 31 Henry II. he decreed, that in all such churches as belonged to the church of Rochester, situated out of the bishopric, the bishop should have the election of the person to be instituted, and after that the bishop and monks together should present him to the bishop of the respective diocese, saving the pensions in those churches to be paid to the monks, to the performance of which, the person instituted should take an oath in the chapter-house of Rochester; which pensions, and that of twenty shillings in particular from this church, he afterwards, by a separate instrument, confirmed to them.

 

It appears by several records, that from the time of the above-mentioned decree, the bishops of Rochester enjoyed the sole right of presentation to this church, exclusive of the prior and convent; and this appears further, among the rights and privileges of the bishopric of Rochester, taken in the year 1360, in which there is an account of those churches which belonged to the joint presentation of the bishop and the chapter, wherein it is said that the chapter had no other right, but only to affix their seal, the bishop nominating and presenting, and the chapter putting their seal; these churches were those of Rotherfield, in the diocese of Chichester, Mixbury and Henle, in the diocese of Lincoln, and Stourmouth and Norton, in the diocese of Canterbury. (fn. 6)

 

The church of Norton remained, after this, a rectory, of the patronage of the bishops of Rochester, uninterrupted by any claims from the monks of St. Andrew's, and continues so at this time, the right Rev. the bishop of Rochester being the present patron of it.

 

The annual pension of twenty shillings before-mentioned, decreed to be paid from this church to the monks of St. Andrew's, seems, sometime before the dissolution of their monastery, to have been lessened to ten shillings, the original sum, as may be seen before. After that event, this pension came into the king's hands, among the rest of the revenues of it, and was, next year, settled by his dotation-charter, on his newfounded dean and chapter of Rochester, who are now entitled to it.

 

This rectory is valued in the king's books at 10l. 18s. 4d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 1s. 10d. In 1640 it was valued at one hundred pounds. Communicants thirty.

 

One moiety of the tithes of the manor of Norton has been mentioned as having been given, with the church, to the monks of St. Andrew, by the family of Newenham. The other moiety of them seems to have been given by Juliana de Newenham, about the reign of Henry II. to the Benedictine priory of Davington, and were valued anno 17 king Edward III. at sixty shillings.

 

These tithes remained with the priory at the time of its escheating to the crown, anno 27 Henry VIII. and were afterwards, in the 35th year of that reign, granted to Sir Thomas Cheney, whose son Henry afterwards became possessed of them, among the rest of his inheritance, in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth.

 

¶These tithes at that time were compounded for at the yearly sum of 26s. 8d. which was paid to the possessor of Davington priory by the rector of this parish, as appears by a rental of the late revenues of the priory made for that year. How the property of these tithes came to be vested in the rector, or the composition for them annihilated, I cannot find; but the rector of Norton now enjoys the tithes of this whole parish, both great and small, without any exemption, and without any compensation or payment, made to or by him in lieu of any tithes whatsoever, the above pension of ten shillings only excepted.

 

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol6/pp401-413

Canon AE1 - PORTRA 400 - 50mm / f:1.4 - No Exif.

 

Photo : Matthieu Wassik

Facebook & www.matthieuwassik.com

Les photos ne sont pas libres de droit / Pictures are copyrighted

Pour toute utilisation veuillez me contacter / For any use please contact me

Houblon sauvage.

 

C'est une liane vivace qui s'enroule autour d'un support.

 

Les cônes (inflorescences femelles), sont utilisés pour aromatiser la bière depuis le XIIe siècle.

 

L'abbesse Hildegarde von Bingen (1099-1179) découvrit les vertus aseptisantes et conservatrices du houblon permettant à la bière de mieux se conserver. «L'amertume du houblon combat certaines fermentations nuisibles dans les boissons et permet de les conserver plus longtemps», écrit-elle.

 

Le houblon a des propriétés sédatives et hypnotiques.

On a observé que les récolteurs de houblon avaient tendance à s'endormir au travail.

 

Le houblon renferme aussi des substances proches des oestrogènes.

Il paraît que les femmes qui participent à sa cueillette sont réglées deux jours après, quelle que soit la période de leur cycle.

 

Au Moyen Âge les moines vont mener à bien de multiples expérimentations sur la fabrication et l'aromatisation de la bière. On avait toutes sortes de bières: bière à l'écorce de chêne, gentiane, coriandre, sauge. Le houblon va finir par s'imposer.

 

Jean Sans Peur, duc de Bourgogne, imposa le houblon comme arôme principal de la bière. Jean Sans Peur meurt en 1419 après avoir créé l'ordre du Houblon.

 

Hildegarde de Bingen, religieuse, compositrice et femme de lettres, sera faite "docteur de l'Eglise" par Benoît XVI le 7 octobre 2012. Sa fête est le 17 septembre.

 

landderhildegard.de/download/1_antiphon.mp3

  

Hops.

 

It is a perennial liana wraps around a support.

 

Cones (female inflorescences), are used to flavor beer since the twelfth century.

 

The abbess Hildegard von Bingen (1099-1179) discovered the aseptisantes and conservative virtues of hops to the beer better preserved. "The bitterness of hops fight certain harmful fermentation in drinks and can keep longer," she wrote.

 

Hops has sedative and hypnotic properties.

It was observed that the hop pickers tended to fall asleep at work.

 

Hops also contain substances similar to estrogen.

It seems that women who participate in its picking are menstruating two days later, regardless of the period of their cycle.

 

In the Middle Ages the monks will carry out multiple experiments on the manufacture and flavoring beer. We had all different beers: beer with oak bark, gentian, coriander, sage. Hops will eventually prevail.

 

Jean sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, imposed hops as the main flavor of the beer. John the Fearless died in 1419 after creating the order of Hops.

 

Hildegard of Bingen, religious, composer and woman of letters, will be made "Doctor of the Church" by Pope Benedict XVI Oct. 7, 2012. His feast day is September 17.

A beautiful historic Scottish Fishing bay dating back to the 1700's, under duress due to problems between the "Owner" and local fishermen who have utilised this historic harbour as they and their fore fathers have done for hundreds of years .

 

I revisited today Tuesday 27th August 2019 , I was disappointed to see concrete barriers blocking access to cars and fishing boats , sad circumstances indeed , though I still managed to capture as much of the bays charm a I could , its ongoing battle and new concrete blocks preventing access made me feel unhappy and sad, any ways I have pasted some of my previous comments and news items reference this pathetic situation below for your perusal, I am on the side of the fishermen , its a sad tale indeed.

 

Check my previous posts in my Cove Bay folder for photos of the harbour in its glory days that I have taken over the years before this nonsense raised its ugly head.

 

Previous Posts

 

I love this bay, its a beautiful tranquil place, however after reading news reports on a court judgement 13/7/2018 forcing the fisher men to remove their boats within 28 days it saddened me, hence I made a trip today Friday 13th July 2018 to capture the views and scenery before this unpopular ruling is implemented, what a sad situation indeed, I have included the news report on the legal wrangle at the end of this description.

 

Cove is a 20 minute drive from my home in Aberdeen Scotland, it was a pleasure to visit today and capture the tranquility that it presented.

 

Scattered across the harbour are stones with various sealife characters carved into them.

 

Cove Bay is a suburb on the south-east edge of Aberdeen, Scotland.

 

Today Cove is home to over 7000 people. It is a popular residential location owing to its extremely village-like status.

 

It is a quiet suburb just at the edge of the City and in 2015 won the Silver award for Scotland in bloom. Nearby Altens and Tullos Industrial Estates, affording ample employment opportunities.

 

History

 

Cove Bay is situated to the east of the ancient Causey Mounth, which road was built on high ground to make passable this only available medieval route from coastal points south from Stonehaven to Aberdeen.

 

This ancient trackway specifically connected the River Dee crossing (where the Bridge of Dee is located) via Portlethen Moss, Muchalls Castle and Stonehaven to the south.

 

The route was that taken by William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose, who led a Covenanter army of 9000 men in the battle of the Civil War in 1639.

 

Cove Bay was a village in the extreme north-east corner of Kincardine, governed from Stonehaven, until 1975, when it was added to the City of Aberdeen. Though simply referred to as Cove, in the 19th and early 20th centuries it was known as The Cove, becoming Cove Bay around 1912.

 

Industry

 

Cove has been noted for industries such as granite, which was quarried in several locations to the south of the village. Owing to its close-grained texture, Cove granite was one of the hardest in north-east Scotland and proved highly resistant to frost, making it ideal for causeway stones used in the construction of roads. It was widely exported to cities in England, including Billingsgate Market in London.

 

Fishing

The village itself sprung up around the fishing industry, with the boats berthed on a shingle beach, a gap in the rocks that afforded a natural harbour. During this time, it is estimated that approximately 300 people lived in the area. In the mid 19th century the fishing was at its height, which, over years, has included cod, haddock, salmon, herring and shellfish. The piers and breakwater were constructed in 1878. At the end of World War I the fishing began to decline. At present only a couple of boats pursue shellfish on a part-time basis.

 

Between 1894 and 1937, Cove also housed a fishmeal factory, the Aberdeen Fish Meal Factory, which was located at the edge of the cliffs. It produced quality manure which was exported to both Europe and America. It became locally known as "the stinker" because of the processing odour, which was highlighted by the Aberdeen entertainer Harry Gordon in a parody entitled A Song of Cove.

 

Amenities

Retail

 

Cove has just had a brand new Co-operative built just off of Earnshugh Circle.

To the west of Loirston Road is the Cove Shopping Centre, which overlooks Loirston Primary School. This houses a pharmacist, the Wee China Chinese takeaway/Chip shop, Ruby Tuesdays beauty salon and the Harr Rock cafe (Cove's second).

 

Within the new development of cove a local Sainsbury's has opened. There is also the Harr Rock Cafe (the first one), a hairdressers and a gift shop within the new development.

 

There are also 2 RS McColl newsagents. One located at Bervie Brow in Altens, and a second located on the corner of Loirston Road and Cove Road which also houses a Post Office.

 

Hospitality

 

The Cove Bay hotel is located on Colsea Road. There is also The Aberdeen Altens Hotel in Altens, which has 216 bedrooms, making it the largest of the three Thistle Hotels in Aberdeen.

 

There is also a pub, the Langdykes which now has an Indian restaurant situated inside called The Curry lounge which you can sit in or take away.

 

Transport

 

Bus services to and from Cove and the wider area of Aberdeen are available. These are run by First Aberdeen with the numbers 3 (to Mastrick) and the 18 to Dyce, via Kincorth. Stagecoach also cover cove partially, with numbers 7A & 8 (Both to the City Centre).

 

Healthcare

Cove Bay has its own medical centre, the Cove Bay Medical Centre. It was originally located on Catto Walk, but moved to a new facility off Earns Hugh Road. Cove Dental Care has since moved into the old surgery building.

 

Sport

Cove is currently home to two football teams: Cove Rangers, who currently play in the Highland Football League, they temporarily play in Harlow Park, Inverurie, as their old home Allan park was demolished to make way for housing. Cove Thistle, who hold amateur status. Sunday amateur team Cove Revolution folded in 2010.

 

There are also many youth teams in the area that are run by Cove Youth FC. The Cove Youth FC area SFA credited community club, organizing players from 6 years old up to 19 years old. They also have a girls section. The Cove Community Football Trust is run by Cove Rangers FC, Cove Thistle FC and Cove Youth FC.

 

Other Amenities

A state-of-the-art library was recently built between Loirston Primary School and the Cove Shopping Centre. There are blueprints for a local sports centre to also be built in the near future.

 

Education

Cove has two primary schools, Charleston Primary School and Loirston Primary School. Most secondary pupils attend the nearby Kincorth Academy, but some choose to go to Portlethen Academy.

 

Future Developments

Aberdeen Gateway[edit]

Construction on a new Aberdeen Gateway industrial development began in 2008. It will see new offices and industrial units built to the south of the village. Current tenants at the site include National Oilwell Varco (NOV), Driving Standards Agency and Hydrasun. A Community football pitch is also inlcluded within the development.

 

Cove Academy

Plans for a secondary school in Cove have now been approved and will be situated alongside Wellington Road. It is thought that once this is built pupils from Cove, Torry as well as Kincorth will attend this school.

 

The Legal Wrangle - Landowner V Fishermen - Judgement 13/7/18

  

Fishermen told to move boats from Cove Bay after legal dispute

 

Fishermen have been told to move their boats from an Aberdeen bay after a long-running dispute.

Several fishermen were fighting an eviction order on behalf of landowner Pralhad Kolhe at Cove Bay, where they had been fishing for many years.

In a written judgement, a sheriff has given them 28 days to move their boats and equipment from Mr Kolhe's land.

However, Sheriff Andrew Miller also ordered the removal of obstructions to vehicular access onto the pier.

 

The case was heard at Aberdeen Sheriff Court earlier this year.

 

One of the fisherman, Jim Adam, told a court he was "stunned" to receive a legal letter telling him to remove his boat.

 

He had been fishing from Cove Bay since 1966.

'We were hopeful'

 

The first day of the hearing heard the letter said the landowner, who lives in a house overlooking the harbour, was unable to make use of his land for amenity purposes and that he did not wish Mr Adam's vessel, or any other vessel, on his land.

 

In the ruling, Sheriff Miller also gave Mr Kolhe 28 days to remove the obstructions to vehicle access to the pier.

Mr Adam told BBC Scotland: "We are disappointed, we were hopeful.

 

"The good news is at least for the recreational folks they have got vehicle access."

 

News Report From P&J Aberdeen

 

A campaign group could use new powers to try to buy the land at the centre of a long-running dispute over access to Cove Harbour.

 

Councillors in Aberdeen agreed yesterday to investigate using the purchase powers contained in the Community Empowerment Scotland Act 2015 to finally resolve the stand-off.

 

The proposal was backed after Jim Adam, chairman of the Cove Fishermen Association, delivered an emotional plea to Aberdeen City Council’s petitions committee yesterday.

 

He outlined the group’s ongoing disagreement with the landowner, Pralhad Kohle, over vehicle access to the harbour-side.

 

Mr Adam highlighted the historical use of the harbour since the 1700s for fishing boats and recreational users, showing members photographs as evidence.

 

He also said the denial of emergency access to the harbour would create safety issues, and spoke of a strong community spirit in the village.

 

Cove Councillor Neil Cooney stated: “Boats have been fishing out of Cove since mediaeval times; we need to retain that heritage.”

 

Committee convener Alan Donnelly said: “You would think, with 11,000 signatures, that the owner would take it seriously and come along.”

 

He added: “We are moving today that the council refers the petition to the landowner, with the hope that they can come to an amicable solution.

 

“And request a report to the communities, housing and infrastructure committee to investigate the viability of the community to use the new Community Empowerment Scotland Act 2015 to purchase the land.”

 

Speaking afterwards Mr Adam said: “We are very encouraged by the support from the council. It’s very positive and has opened up a number of avenues, but we would like there to be an amicable solution.

 

“The Community Empowerment Act is a very useful tool, but it would be a last resort.”

 

Mr Kohle, who was not in attendance, owns a house overlooking the bay and some of the land at the harbour below.

 

Scotland’s First Minister has pledged to investigate the “suffering” faced by the Cove Harbour fishing community as a result of a devastating fire and a dispute with the landlord.

 

The first minister promised action after being warned the Scottish Government risked ignoring a group whose livelihoods had been threatened by recent events.

 

Ms Sturgeon said the government wanted “to do everything we possibly can” to help communities faced with difficulties after the Cove Harbour situation was raised with her.

 

In January, thousands of pounds worth of damage was caused when a fire, thought to be deliberate, destroyed five vessels, boating equipment, a shed and fishing gear.

 

The community has also been involved in a long-running battle with landowner Pralhad Kolhe, a plastic surgeon who had sought to evict the fishermen’s fleet of traditional vessels from the part of the harbour he owns.

 

The Cove Fisherman’s Association had a four-year legal battle with Mr Kolhe, and lost their fight to dock their small fleet of traditional vessels at a particular part of Cove Harbour last year.

 

Last August the remaining vessels at the site were finally moved from Mr Kolhe’s land to a small corner of the harbour. The judgement said access to the pier for walkers and vehicles should be maintained.

 

After January’s fire, North East MSP Liam Kerr wrote to Rural Economy Secretary Fergus Ewing asking for support for the fishermen.

 

Mr Ewing replied say he was “very saddened” by the disaster but financial support would be “limited”.

 

Yesterday Mr Kerr raised Cove Harbour with Ms Sturgeon in the Scottish Parliament.

 

Mr Kerr told the first minister the Cove Harbour fishing community was “suffering” and faced “significant” legal costs.

 

The Tory MSP said the fishermen had requested a meeting with Mr Ewing “but to no avail”.

 

And he asked Ms Sturgeon to persuade Mr Ewing to meet the community and “not risk ignoring a community facing the loss of their livelihoods”.

 

The First Minister said: “Of course we want to do everything we possibly can to help any community experiencing difficulties.

 

“I am not aware beyond what the member has just said of the content of the correspondence to Fergus Ewing.

 

“But I am happy to give an undertaking to look into that and if Fergus Ewing thinks there is help the Scottish Government can offer – certainly to meet with those affected.”

 

A group of Aberdeen fishermen who lost a court case last year have been hit with a legal fee bill of around £45,000 – just days after their cherished vessels were destroyed in a malicious fire.

 

The Cove Fishermen’s Association was forced to move its boats at Cove Harbour last year after a court ruled in favour of landowner Pralhad Kolhe – who owns sections of the historic bay.

 

Mr Kolhe has been seeking to remove the small fleet of boats from his land, but in the months since the court’s decision, the fishermen have continued their activities by keeping their remaining vessels in a much smaller pocket of the harbour not under the landowner’s control, further away from the shoreline

These days, St Laurence sits beside a busy double mini roundabout, surrounded by shots and take aways, it is a place you could easily miss.

 

I have had my eye on htis for some time, but there is always elsewhere to go to on Heritage weekend, so a second weekend of that this year meant that on the second Saturday we were parking the car outside.

 

The church is pretty enough from the outside, but the windows have wire mesh to protect them, but we received a warm welcome as we entered the porch.

 

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Very much a village church, set back from the road in the heart of this former agricultural settlement. Now a suburb of Ramsgate it is the original parish church for the later resort. Norman in date, with a fine crossing tower, it is well worth a visit if only for its monuments which record many military men (who passed through the parish during the Napoleonic Wars) and the wealthy eighteenth century visitors who came to Ramsgate for their health and died there. There is a fine Royal Arms of George II over the south door, whilst a twentieth century rood beam emphasises the height of the Norman crossing arch. The chancel is pleasantly empty, with a noble nineteenth century reredos of blank arcading. The south chapel contains an unusual memorial to Sarah Spencer who died in 1745. This poor lady has had so many later members of her family commemorated on her tablet, that there is no room left. Every flat surface has been utilised! Opposite is a little-known but eminently beautiful relief of Henrietta Ashley who died in 1874 carved by the Royal Academician Thomas Woolner. The collection of stained glass has recently been enriched by a window in the north aisle by the Cathedral Studios (1998) which depicts the nearby St Augustine's Cross. It is a simple, dignified and moving attempt to record the 1400th anniversary of the landing of St Augustine which occurred just a couple of miles away. Other stained glass can best be described as curious. The east window was erected as a memorial to Queen Victoria who, we are told, `worshipped in this church` when staying in the area. At the base is a series of panels recording the arrival of St Augustine. One shows the baptism of King Ethelbert in the font of St Martin's Church, Canterbury - a font which wasn't carved until 400 years later! The artist, Alfred Hemming, obviously felt that a font of authentic design would not have been worthy of the subject! The bizarre east window in the south chapel (1902) shows some very sleepy dead being woken at the Last Trump whilst St Peter swings his key impatiently at the gates of Heaven! Not to be missed!

 

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=St+Lawrence

 

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ST. LAURENCE.

THE PARISH OF ST. LAURENCE lies the next southward from that of St. Peter last described, taking its name from the saint to which the church is dedicated. The ville Ramsgate, within this parish, is within the liberty of the cinque ports; but the rest of the parish is within the hundred of Ringslow and jurisdiction of the justices of the county.

 

The VILLAGE OF ST. LAURENCE, having the church on an hill on the west side of it, is neat and small, being pleasantly situated in the south-east part of this parish, and commands one of the most extensive prospects in this island, as well towards the sea as the neighbouring parts of the county. This parish is about three miles from east to west, and two miles from north to south. The lands in it are more enclosed than the more northern parishes before-described. It is very populous, and has in it several small hamlets, or knots of houses, besides those particularly mentioned before; among which, in the western part of it, are Manston-green, and Spratingstreet; (fn. 1) on the northern, Hains, and Lymington; on the eastern, Hallicandane, and Herson; and towards the south, Great and Little Cliffsend, Chilson, Courtstairs; and adjoining to the sea, Pegwell, alias Courtis a small manor, usually stiled Pegwell, alias Courtstairs, and is an appendage to that of Sheriffs court, in Minster, as has been taken notice of before, in the description of that estate.

 

Adjoining is Courtstairs, alias Pegwell bay, where the inhabitants catch shrimps, lobsters, soles, mullets, &c. and a delicious flat-fish, called a prill, much sought after. At Pegwell there is a neat villa, lately erected by William Garrow, esq. for his occasional residence, and between this place and Ramsgate is another, called Belmont, an elegant building in the gothic taste, late the residence of Joseph Ruse, esq.

 

¶From this bay to a place called Cliffs-end, instead of chalk, the ground next the sea is a sort of blueish earth, somewhat like Fuller's earth; it is about sixteen feet above the sand, and in it are seen strata of culver and other fish shells, lying in a confused manner, one on the top of the other. This earth has been carried away frequently by people, as Fuller's earth, in great quantities, to dispose of as such; but on a trial it was found very deficient, and not partaking of any quality belonging to it.

 

By the return made by archbishop Parker, in 1563, to the privy council, it appears that there were then here ninety-eight housholds; but this place, owing to the prosperity of Ramsgate, has greatly increased for many years past, insomuch that in 1773, here were in this parish, including Ramsgate, which contains more than two thirds of the houses and inhabitants of the whole parish, 699 houses, and 2726 inhabitants; and in 1792 there were found 825 houses and 3601 inhabitants; which is a great increase for so short a space as nineteen years. (fn. 2) A fair is held here yearly, on August 10, for toys, pedlary, &c.

 

In this parish lived one Joy, who in king William's reign had such a reputation for very extraordinary strength of body, that he was called the English Sampson, and the strong man of Kent, and was taken notice of by the king, royal family, and the nobility, before whom he performed his feats. In 1699 his picture was engraved, and round it several representations of his performances, as pulling against an extraordinary strong horse, breaking a rope, which would bear thirty-five hundred weight, and lifting a weight of 2240lb. He was drowned in 1734.

 

In the month of March, 1764, between Ramsgate and Pegwell in this parish, a part of the cliff, seventy feet high, on the surface of which was a corn field, gave way for about twenty yards in length, and five yards in breadth, and fell into the sea.

 

The VILLE AND TOWN OF RAMSGATE, so called from the way here which leads to the sea, through the chalk cliff; the inhabitants, of which like those of other places, are fond of having it famous for its antiquity, and have fancied the name of it to have been derived from Romans gate, that is, from its being used as a port, or landing place, by the Romans; but besides, that its name was never so written in antient writings, it may well be doubted, whether during the time of the Romans frequenting this island, there was here any way or gate at all to the sea; and it seems plain, that it was dug first through the cliff, as the rest of the sea gates were in this little island, for the conveniency of the fishery, no Roman coins, &c. have been known ever to have been found here, as they have at Bradstow, where the Romans, if they had any at all, might have a station in this island.

 

The PARISH OF ST. LAURENCE is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Westbere.

 

The church, which is dedicated to St. Laurence, consists of three isles and three chancels, having a tower steeple in the middle of it, standing on four pillars, the capitals of which display the rude conceits of the artist. This tower, on the outside, is encircled with a string of very plain octagonal small pillars and semicircular arches, in the true Saxon taste. There are five bells in it. The church itself is a handsome building, of field stones, rough casted over, as the rest of the churches in this island are, and seems to have been built at several times; of the two side chancels the north one is said to have been built by the Manstons, of Manston-court, many of whom lie buried in it, though most of their monumental inscriptions are perished through length of time. Weever has however preserved two of them, being those of Roger Manston, and Julian his wife, and of Thomas St. Nicholas, who married Joane Manston, and had by her Thomas, entombed here likewise. There was likewise here a brass plate, having the effigies of a man, and these arms, quarterly, first and fourth, A fess, ermine, between three mullets; second and third, On a cross, engrailed, a cinquefoil, and underneath an inscription for Nicholas Manston, esq. obt. 1444. A brass plate, now torn off, for. . . Sayen Nicholas, esq. and Johane his wife; she died 1499; and just by, on a flat stone a brass with the effigies of a woman, and these arms, Ermine, a chief, quarterly; the inscription gone. A monument fixed against the north wall, for Frances, wife of Thomas Coppin, of Westminster, and daughter of Robert Brooke, esq. of Nacton, in Suffolk, who died during her stay here at Manston, in 1677; arms, Parted per pale, azure and gules, three boars heads, couped, or, a chief of the last. On a stone near this monument, and adjoining to that of Nicholas Sprackling, are four shields of arms, first, A cross engrailed, a rose in the centre; second, A cross engrailed; third, A fess, between three mullets, impaling the first coat; fourth, As the third, quartering the first. Part of this chancel is now made into a very handsome vestry. In the high chancel are several memorials in brass, with figures and inscriptions, for the family of Sprakeling. Below these is one having the figure scratched in the marble, of a man lying, with a pen in his hand, writing, Garde promesse fidelement; arms, Sable, a saltier, between four leopards faces, or, impaling or, a chevron, gules, between three bulls passant, sable. In this church is an antient grave-stone of one Umfry, but the arms are gone as well as the inscription, if it ever had any. In the body of the church there have been built several galleries, (which make a most unsightly appearance) to make as much room as possible for the numerous inhabitants of this parish, who had increased to four times the number that they were sixty or seventy years ago; but the inhabitants of Ramsgate are now accommodated with a chapel of of ease, lately built in that ville, as has been already noticed. Besides the above there are numerous monuments and memorials, of a more modern date, and among them, in the south chancel, a mural monument for Sarah, wife of Mr. Adam Spencer, obt. 1745, who with her three children were deposited in a vault near it; she had nine children, of whom four only survived; also for the aforesaid Mr. Adam Spencer, merchant, obt. 1757, who lies in the same vault with Sarah his wife, on it are these arms, Quarterly, first and fourth, Argent; second and third, Gules, a fret, or, over all, on a bend, sable, three escallops of the first, impaling barry of six, azure and gules, a chief, ermine. A mural monument for Capt. Martin Read, obt. 1792, and for Margaret his wife; arms, Gules, a saltier, or, between four leopards faces, proper. A mural monument for Capt. Martin Long, obt. 1751; for Elizabeth his sister, and for his sister Catharine, widow of Mr. William Abbott, arms, Sable, a lion rampant, argent.

 

In the south isle, among many others, a white tablet for Martha, widow of Darell Shorte, jun. esq. of Wadhurst, in Suffex, and daughter of Sir Robert Kemp, bart. late of Appeston, in Suffolk, obt. 1789; another for Dorothy, wife of Mr. William Abbott; she died 1728, and two of their daughters both named Dorothy, and their son Adam, obt. 1735, also the above mentioned Mr. William Abbott, obt. 1755, and for Dorothy his wife, and their children; and for the Holman's. In the great chancel, a memorial for Ann, relict of Capt. William Bookey, of the East-India Company's service, obt. 1770. In the vestry a black tablet for the Rev. Robert Tyler, A. M. twenty-six years vicar, obt. June 10, 1766.—In the north isle a white tablet to the memory of several of the Tomsons. A mural monument for the Tickners. A memorial for Peter Johnson, A. M. son of Henry Johnson, gent. and fellow of Corpus Christi college, Oxford, vicar of this church, obt. April 18, 1704; arms, Parted per fess, dancette, a vulture. On a plain stone, Capt. John Pettit, died; the rest is covered by the pews; arms, On a chevron, gules, three bezants, between three griffins heads, sable, crowned, or. A tablet in the south cross for Anna-Eliza, eldest daughter of the Rev. William-Worcester Wilson, D. D. obt. 1792. A memorial for the Rev. Peter James, M. A. late of Greenwich, and rector of Ight ham, obt. 1791. The following are plain slabs, mostly at the east end of the church; for Mrs. Elizabeth Kelly, daughter of Dr. Kelly, of Winchester, and sister of Dr. Kelly, regius professor, of Oxford; also Martha Kelly, sister to Elizabeth, wife of Lieutenant Charles Kelly, of the royal navy, obt. 1788; arms, A castle, between two lions rampant; for Matthew Brooke, A. M. fellow of king's college, and rector of Walton, in Hertfordshire, and vicar of this parish, obt. 1739; arms, On a fess, three martlets, a bordure engrailed, impaling a chevron, between three covered cups; for Matthew Bookey, son of M. and A. Bookey, obt. 1747. Memorials for several of the Gillows, Tomsons, Abbotts, Pamfleets, Harnets, Law, Joad, Moses, Parkers, Quince, Carraways, Redwood, Evers, Curling, Whites, Napletons, and Hoopers; for George Garrett, esq. obt. 1775. A mural monument, with inscription, that in a vault hereto adjoining, lie several of the family of Abbott, and their relatives; arms, A chevron, between three pears, impaling, on a pile, three griffins heads, erased.

 

In the church-yard are several monuments for the Stocks, Austens and Coxens; for Brotherly and Quince; for the Maxteds and Holmans; for Lithered and Joad. Two mural monuments, one for the Garretts, Casbys, and Browns, and their relatives; arms, Garrett, on a fess, a lion passant; the other for Mark Seller Garrett, obt. 1779. There are principal monuments and gravestones in this church and church-yard, the whole of which are by far too numerous to insert here.

 

Besides the high altar in this church, there were formerly others dedicated to St. James, St. Catherine, St. Thomas, and the Holy Trinity; besides which there were kept wax-lights, the expence of which was maintained by voluntary gifts and legacies. In the west window of the church were formerly painted the arms of Criol, who owned Upper-court, being Or, two chevrons, and a canton, gules. Septvans, Azure, three wheat skreens, or, an annulet for difference; the latter dwelt in this parish, and lies buried under a monument in Ash church. Of St. Nicholas, who married Jane Manstone, Ermine, a chief quarterly, or, and gules; in the first quarter, an annulet for difference Of Chiche, Azure, three lions rampant, argent, a bordure of the second; and of Manston, Gules, a fess, ermine, between three mullets.

 

At a small distance from the church to the eastward, are the remains of a small chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, now converted into a cottage.—There was a chantry founded in it, for the support of which several lands hereabouts were given, which at the suppression of these chapels in king Edward VI.'s reign, came into the hands of the crown, and became a lay fee.

 

This church was one of the three chapels belonging to the church of Minster, and was very probably made parochial sometime after the year 1200, after that church, with its appendages, had been appropriated in 1128, to the monastery of St. Augustine; it was at the same time assigned with the three chapels, and all rents, tithes, and other things belonging to them, to the sacristy of the monastery; and it was further granted, that the abbot and convent should present to the archbishop, in the above-mentioned chapels, fit perpetual chaplains to the altarages of them; but that the vicar of the mother church should take and receive in right of his vicarage, the tenths of small tithes, of lambs and pigs, and all obventions arising from marriages and churchings which were forbid at the chapels, and were solemnized, &c. at the mother church only. (fn. 12)

 

In the year 1275, archbishop Robert consecrated the cemetery of this church, and granted it the right of sepulture, with the restrictions, that the tenants or occupiers of land, who were parishioners of this chapel, should be buried at their mother church of Minster, as the parishioners of this chapel had heretofore been; and that none of them should be buried here, without the express leave of the vicar of Minster, notwithstanding they, by their wills, or by any other means, ordered their burial to be in the burying-place of the chapel; but that children and poor people, who were parishioners of it, and not tenants or occupiers of land, might be buried here, with this proviso, that all obventions, oblations, or legacies arising, on account of such sepulture, in the yard of this chapel, should wholly be divided between the vicars of Minster and this chapel of St. Laurence; that no prejudice might be done to the mother church of Minster, as to marriages and churchings, which should be done for the future at the mother church, as they had been before.

 

These obventions, oblations and legacies, arising from funerals, were to be faithfully laid up and kept by the vicar of this chapel and his chaplains, till they should be equally divided between him and the vicar of Minster, which was to be done every month, unless they should be required of the vicar of Minster, or his chaplain or proctor, oftener. But a composition, we are told, was made between the patrons and several incumbents, which was confirmed by the archbishop, which was, that the incumbents of these chapels or dependant churches should pay only the tenth part of all their real profits to the incumbent of the mother church; which composition was, it is said, duly observed about the year 1370. (fn. 13)

 

Although the chaplains of these chapels were to receive no more than ten marcs of these altarages, yet they were not excluded the enjoyment of the manses and glebes given to these chapels when they were first consecrated, which made some addition to their income, and enabled them to keep a deacon to assist them. On the great and principal festivals, the inhabitants of the three chapelries, preceded by their priests, were accustomed to go in procession to Minster, in token of their subjection to their parochial or mother church.

 

In 1301, the abbot of St. Augustine ordained several new deanries, one of which, named the deanry of Minster, in which this church of St. Laurence was included; but this raising great contests between the abbot and the archbishop, and the pope deciding in favour of the latter, these new deanries were entirely dissolved. (fn. 14)

 

After this, the appropriation of the church of Minster, with its appendant chapels and the advowsons of the vicarages of them, continued with the abbot and convent till the dissolution of the monastery in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when they were surrendered, together with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands.

 

¶After the dissolution of the monastery, and the change in the service of churches wrought by the reformation, this parochial chapel of St. Laurence became entirely separated from the mother church of Minster, the vicar of this parish having no further subjection to it in any shape whatever; but by the same change he was likewise deprived of several of those emoluments he had before enjoyed in the right of his vicarage; and all the tithes of corn and grain within this parish, being appropriated to the two granges, or parsonages of Newland and Ozingell, and the small tithes of it to that of Salmestone, as has been already mentioned before. The endowment of this vicarage consisted only of the yearly stipends of six pounds paid out of Newland grange, and of ten pounds paid out of Ozingell grange, a vicaragehouse, barn, and two acres of glebe. But this income, by reason of the increase of every necessary article of life, falling far short of a reasonable maintenance, archbishop Juxon, in conformity to the king's letters mandatory, in 1660, augmented this vicarage with the addition of 40l. to be paid yearly out of Newland grange. (fn. 15)

 

This vicarage is valued in the king's books at seven pounds, and the yearly tenths at fourteen shillings. In 1588 here were communicants six hundred and fifty-six, and it was valued at only twenty pounds. In 1640 here were six hundred and fifty communicants.

 

The advowson of this vicarage coming into the hands of the crown, on the dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, continued there till Edward VI. in the first year of his reign, granted the advowson of the vicarage of Minster, with the three chapels appendant to it, one of which was this church of St. Laurence, among other premises, to the archbishop, since which this advowson has continued parcel of the possessious of that see, the archbishop being the present patron of it.

 

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol10/pp377-406

Photo recadrée et utilisée par Wikipedia Brest contre ma volonté exprimée, sous prétexte que l’œuvre est dans le domaine public. Comparez l’EXIF :

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89douar...

 

François Édouard CIBOT

(Paris, 1799 - id., 1877)

Les amours des anges au moment du déluge

1834

Huile sur toile, 200 x 243 cm

Don de Mme André Cabanel et de Mr Jacques Foucart en 1972

BREST Musée des Beaux-Arts

 

07/03/2015 : nouvelle photo

 

Un passage assez obscur de la Genèse (VI, 1 -2) est à l'origine de ce thème, particulièrement rare. La source immédiate que donne l'artiste dans le livret du Salon de 1835 est le poème de Byron, Le ciel et la terre (publié pour la première fois en 1823 dans le n° 2 du Libéral) où est contée l'aventure des anges qui acceptèrent la déchéance pour avoir refusé d'abandonner les mortelles qu'ils avaient séduites. Thomas Moore avait, la même année que Byron, écrit Les amours des anges et Lamartine, en 1838, en fera le sujet d'une épopée, La chute d'un ange.

L'étrange pouvoir de séduction de cette œuvre ne réside pas seulement dans le charme du sujet, mais dans la synthèse qu'il réalise entre deux poétiques : celle, toute romantique, de l'idée et celle de l'académisme rigoureux et pur qui préside à la forme. Une même dualité en marque l'exécution, à la fois lisse et vibrante, le coloris tantôt froid et tantôt cuivré. Ce romantisme idéaliste et sensible est celui d'un Ary Scheffer, contemporain de Cibot et comme lui élève de Guérin : on rapprochera du tableau de Brest une œuvre comme le Paolo et Francesca de Scheffer (Louvre).

Catalogue "Renaissance du Musée de Brest" : bibliotheque.idbe.bzh/data/cle_140/Renaissance_du_MusAe_d...

  

Évoquant le Déluge, cette scène singulière met en scène l’union des anges avec des femmes mortelles. La théorie de cette alliance contre nature suivie de la déchéance des anges comme origine du Déluge a eu du succès au début du XIXe siècle. Plusieurs ouvrages s’y rapportant paraissent en Angleterre, puis en France – parmi eux, l’épopée de Lamartine (1790-1869), La Chute d’un ange. Ici, c’est un poème de Byron (1788-1984), Heaven and Earth, qui inspire Cibot. Les anges Samiasa et Raphaël emportent leurs bien-aimées dans leurs bras, tandis que la catastrophe commence. Le peintre réalise une synthèse entre deux visions : celle, romantique, du sujet et celle, plus académique, de l’exécution.

Élève de Pierre-Narcisse Guérin (1774-1833), François-Édouard Cibot est surtout un peintre d’histoire : il reçoit des commandes pour le musée historique de Versailles et peint plusieurs sujets tirés de l’histoire médiévale.

Site du musée des Beaux-Arts de Brest - Œuvre du mois - mars 2013

 

Cette traduction d'un texte du poète britannique lord Byron (1788-1824) met en scène des jeunes gens à l'âme pure, épargnés par la contagion du mal. Le poème rappelle que les anges acceptent la déchéance qui guette les humains dès lors qu'ils restent fidèles aux mortelles qu'ils aiment. Ils font ici paisiblement face à la mort, certains que la vie éternelle les attend dans l'au-delà. Cette vision romantique du Déluge est mise en place par des moyens plastiques académiques comme en témoignent le soin accordé par l'artiste au dessin idéalisé des formes, au rendu réaliste des chairs et des attitudes.

Cartel lors de l'exposition "Ode à la pluie" (2013)

Utilising the 15x optical zoom on new point & shoot camera :) Window seat view on way to Sydney from Wellington.

A beautiful historic Scottish Fishing bay dating back to the 1700's, under duress due to problems between the "Owner" and local fishermen who have utilised this historic harbour as they and their fore fathers have done for hundreds of years .

 

I revisited today Tuesday 27th August 2019 , I was disappointed to see concrete barriers blocking access to cars and fishing boats , sad circumstances indeed , though I still managed to capture as much of the bays charm a I could , its ongoing battle and new concrete blocks preventing access made me feel unhappy and sad, any ways I have pasted some of my previous comments and news items reference this pathetic situation below for your perusal, I am on the side of the fishermen , its a sad tale indeed.

 

Check my previous posts in my Cove Bay folder for photos of the harbour in its glory days that I have taken over the years before this nonsense raised its ugly head.

 

Previous Posts

 

I love this bay, its a beautiful tranquil place, however after reading news reports on a court judgement 13/7/2018 forcing the fisher men to remove their boats within 28 days it saddened me, hence I made a trip today Friday 13th July 2018 to capture the views and scenery before this unpopular ruling is implemented, what a sad situation indeed, I have included the news report on the legal wrangle at the end of this description.

 

Cove is a 20 minute drive from my home in Aberdeen Scotland, it was a pleasure to visit today and capture the tranquility that it presented.

 

Scattered across the harbour are stones with various sealife characters carved into them.

 

Cove Bay is a suburb on the south-east edge of Aberdeen, Scotland.

 

Today Cove is home to over 7000 people. It is a popular residential location owing to its extremely village-like status.

 

It is a quiet suburb just at the edge of the City and in 2015 won the Silver award for Scotland in bloom. Nearby Altens and Tullos Industrial Estates, affording ample employment opportunities.

 

History

 

Cove Bay is situated to the east of the ancient Causey Mounth, which road was built on high ground to make passable this only available medieval route from coastal points south from Stonehaven to Aberdeen.

 

This ancient trackway specifically connected the River Dee crossing (where the Bridge of Dee is located) via Portlethen Moss, Muchalls Castle and Stonehaven to the south.

 

The route was that taken by William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose, who led a Covenanter army of 9000 men in the battle of the Civil War in 1639.

 

Cove Bay was a village in the extreme north-east corner of Kincardine, governed from Stonehaven, until 1975, when it was added to the City of Aberdeen. Though simply referred to as Cove, in the 19th and early 20th centuries it was known as The Cove, becoming Cove Bay around 1912.

 

Industry

 

Cove has been noted for industries such as granite, which was quarried in several locations to the south of the village. Owing to its close-grained texture, Cove granite was one of the hardest in north-east Scotland and proved highly resistant to frost, making it ideal for causeway stones used in the construction of roads. It was widely exported to cities in England, including Billingsgate Market in London.

 

Fishing

The village itself sprung up around the fishing industry, with the boats berthed on a shingle beach, a gap in the rocks that afforded a natural harbour. During this time, it is estimated that approximately 300 people lived in the area. In the mid 19th century the fishing was at its height, which, over years, has included cod, haddock, salmon, herring and shellfish. The piers and breakwater were constructed in 1878. At the end of World War I the fishing began to decline. At present only a couple of boats pursue shellfish on a part-time basis.

 

Between 1894 and 1937, Cove also housed a fishmeal factory, the Aberdeen Fish Meal Factory, which was located at the edge of the cliffs. It produced quality manure which was exported to both Europe and America. It became locally known as "the stinker" because of the processing odour, which was highlighted by the Aberdeen entertainer Harry Gordon in a parody entitled A Song of Cove.

 

Amenities

Retail

 

Cove has just had a brand new Co-operative built just off of Earnshugh Circle.

To the west of Loirston Road is the Cove Shopping Centre, which overlooks Loirston Primary School. This houses a pharmacist, the Wee China Chinese takeaway/Chip shop, Ruby Tuesdays beauty salon and the Harr Rock cafe (Cove's second).

 

Within the new development of cove a local Sainsbury's has opened. There is also the Harr Rock Cafe (the first one), a hairdressers and a gift shop within the new development.

 

There are also 2 RS McColl newsagents. One located at Bervie Brow in Altens, and a second located on the corner of Loirston Road and Cove Road which also houses a Post Office.

 

Hospitality

 

The Cove Bay hotel is located on Colsea Road. There is also The Aberdeen Altens Hotel in Altens, which has 216 bedrooms, making it the largest of the three Thistle Hotels in Aberdeen.

 

There is also a pub, the Langdykes which now has an Indian restaurant situated inside called The Curry lounge which you can sit in or take away.

 

Transport

 

Bus services to and from Cove and the wider area of Aberdeen are available. These are run by First Aberdeen with the numbers 3 (to Mastrick) and the 18 to Dyce, via Kincorth. Stagecoach also cover cove partially, with numbers 7A & 8 (Both to the City Centre).

 

Healthcare

Cove Bay has its own medical centre, the Cove Bay Medical Centre. It was originally located on Catto Walk, but moved to a new facility off Earns Hugh Road. Cove Dental Care has since moved into the old surgery building.

 

Sport

Cove is currently home to two football teams: Cove Rangers, who currently play in the Highland Football League, they temporarily play in Harlow Park, Inverurie, as their old home Allan park was demolished to make way for housing. Cove Thistle, who hold amateur status. Sunday amateur team Cove Revolution folded in 2010.

 

There are also many youth teams in the area that are run by Cove Youth FC. The Cove Youth FC area SFA credited community club, organizing players from 6 years old up to 19 years old. They also have a girls section. The Cove Community Football Trust is run by Cove Rangers FC, Cove Thistle FC and Cove Youth FC.

 

Other Amenities

A state-of-the-art library was recently built between Loirston Primary School and the Cove Shopping Centre. There are blueprints for a local sports centre to also be built in the near future.

 

Education

Cove has two primary schools, Charleston Primary School and Loirston Primary School. Most secondary pupils attend the nearby Kincorth Academy, but some choose to go to Portlethen Academy.

 

Future Developments

Aberdeen Gateway[edit]

Construction on a new Aberdeen Gateway industrial development began in 2008. It will see new offices and industrial units built to the south of the village. Current tenants at the site include National Oilwell Varco (NOV), Driving Standards Agency and Hydrasun. A Community football pitch is also inlcluded within the development.

 

Cove Academy

Plans for a secondary school in Cove have now been approved and will be situated alongside Wellington Road. It is thought that once this is built pupils from Cove, Torry as well as Kincorth will attend this school.

 

The Legal Wrangle - Landowner V Fishermen - Judgement 13/7/18

  

Fishermen told to move boats from Cove Bay after legal dispute

 

Fishermen have been told to move their boats from an Aberdeen bay after a long-running dispute.

Several fishermen were fighting an eviction order on behalf of landowner Pralhad Kolhe at Cove Bay, where they had been fishing for many years.

In a written judgement, a sheriff has given them 28 days to move their boats and equipment from Mr Kolhe's land.

However, Sheriff Andrew Miller also ordered the removal of obstructions to vehicular access onto the pier.

 

The case was heard at Aberdeen Sheriff Court earlier this year.

 

One of the fisherman, Jim Adam, told a court he was "stunned" to receive a legal letter telling him to remove his boat.

 

He had been fishing from Cove Bay since 1966.

'We were hopeful'

 

The first day of the hearing heard the letter said the landowner, who lives in a house overlooking the harbour, was unable to make use of his land for amenity purposes and that he did not wish Mr Adam's vessel, or any other vessel, on his land.

 

In the ruling, Sheriff Miller also gave Mr Kolhe 28 days to remove the obstructions to vehicle access to the pier.

Mr Adam told BBC Scotland: "We are disappointed, we were hopeful.

 

"The good news is at least for the recreational folks they have got vehicle access."

 

News Report From P&J Aberdeen

 

A campaign group could use new powers to try to buy the land at the centre of a long-running dispute over access to Cove Harbour.

 

Councillors in Aberdeen agreed yesterday to investigate using the purchase powers contained in the Community Empowerment Scotland Act 2015 to finally resolve the stand-off.

 

The proposal was backed after Jim Adam, chairman of the Cove Fishermen Association, delivered an emotional plea to Aberdeen City Council’s petitions committee yesterday.

 

He outlined the group’s ongoing disagreement with the landowner, Pralhad Kohle, over vehicle access to the harbour-side.

 

Mr Adam highlighted the historical use of the harbour since the 1700s for fishing boats and recreational users, showing members photographs as evidence.

 

He also said the denial of emergency access to the harbour would create safety issues, and spoke of a strong community spirit in the village.

 

Cove Councillor Neil Cooney stated: “Boats have been fishing out of Cove since mediaeval times; we need to retain that heritage.”

 

Committee convener Alan Donnelly said: “You would think, with 11,000 signatures, that the owner would take it seriously and come along.”

 

He added: “We are moving today that the council refers the petition to the landowner, with the hope that they can come to an amicable solution.

 

“And request a report to the communities, housing and infrastructure committee to investigate the viability of the community to use the new Community Empowerment Scotland Act 2015 to purchase the land.”

 

Speaking afterwards Mr Adam said: “We are very encouraged by the support from the council. It’s very positive and has opened up a number of avenues, but we would like there to be an amicable solution.

 

“The Community Empowerment Act is a very useful tool, but it would be a last resort.”

 

Mr Kohle, who was not in attendance, owns a house overlooking the bay and some of the land at the harbour below.

 

Scotland’s First Minister has pledged to investigate the “suffering” faced by the Cove Harbour fishing community as a result of a devastating fire and a dispute with the landlord.

 

The first minister promised action after being warned the Scottish Government risked ignoring a group whose livelihoods had been threatened by recent events.

 

Ms Sturgeon said the government wanted “to do everything we possibly can” to help communities faced with difficulties after the Cove Harbour situation was raised with her.

 

In January, thousands of pounds worth of damage was caused when a fire, thought to be deliberate, destroyed five vessels, boating equipment, a shed and fishing gear.

 

The community has also been involved in a long-running battle with landowner Pralhad Kolhe, a plastic surgeon who had sought to evict the fishermen’s fleet of traditional vessels from the part of the harbour he owns.

 

The Cove Fisherman’s Association had a four-year legal battle with Mr Kolhe, and lost their fight to dock their small fleet of traditional vessels at a particular part of Cove Harbour last year.

 

Last August the remaining vessels at the site were finally moved from Mr Kolhe’s land to a small corner of the harbour. The judgement said access to the pier for walkers and vehicles should be maintained.

 

After January’s fire, North East MSP Liam Kerr wrote to Rural Economy Secretary Fergus Ewing asking for support for the fishermen.

 

Mr Ewing replied say he was “very saddened” by the disaster but financial support would be “limited”.

 

Yesterday Mr Kerr raised Cove Harbour with Ms Sturgeon in the Scottish Parliament.

 

Mr Kerr told the first minister the Cove Harbour fishing community was “suffering” and faced “significant” legal costs.

 

The Tory MSP said the fishermen had requested a meeting with Mr Ewing “but to no avail”.

 

And he asked Ms Sturgeon to persuade Mr Ewing to meet the community and “not risk ignoring a community facing the loss of their livelihoods”.

 

The First Minister said: “Of course we want to do everything we possibly can to help any community experiencing difficulties.

 

“I am not aware beyond what the member has just said of the content of the correspondence to Fergus Ewing.

 

“But I am happy to give an undertaking to look into that and if Fergus Ewing thinks there is help the Scottish Government can offer – certainly to meet with those affected.”

 

A group of Aberdeen fishermen who lost a court case last year have been hit with a legal fee bill of around £45,000 – just days after their cherished vessels were destroyed in a malicious fire.

 

The Cove Fishermen’s Association was forced to move its boats at Cove Harbour last year after a court ruled in favour of landowner Pralhad Kolhe – who owns sections of the historic bay.

 

Mr Kolhe has been seeking to remove the small fleet of boats from his land, but in the months since the court’s decision, the fishermen have continued their activities by keeping their remaining vessels in a much smaller pocket of the harbour not under the landowner’s control, further away from the shoreline

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Matériels utilisés :

Boitier: Nikon D60

Objectif: Samyang 8 mm f/3.5 Asphérique IF MC Fish-eye

Accessoires: Grip Phottix

Logiciel: LightRoom 3.3

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© Josselin Dutheil - Merci de me contacter pour toute utilisation de la photographie.

 

-- - All rights reserved / Tous droits réservés - --

The enormously successful British propaganda campaign known as "Careless Talk Costs Lives" utilised these cartoon style posters developed by Fougasse aka Cyril Kenneth Bird who was a well-known commercial artist of the period. The various posters show differing situations and were designed to show how passing information might end up in the wrong hands. The posters were commissioned by the Ministry of Information and were deliberately intended to be humorous. This is one of the sketches that appeared as a vignette in the booklet the posters appeared in.

Copyright © 2012 Ruggero Poggianella Photostream.

All rights reserved. Please, do not use my photos without my written permission.

Please note that the fact that "This photo is public" doesn't mean it's public domain or a free stock image. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. If you wish to use any of my images for any reason/purpose please contact me for written permission. Tous droits reservés. Défense d'utilisation de cette image sans ma permission. Todos derechos reservados. No usar sin mi consentimiento.

© Copyright : Você não pode usar !

© Copyright : Sie dürfen es nicht kopieren !

© حقوق النشر محفوظة. لا يمكنك استخدام الصورة

 

Senza ombra di dubbio è un posto da visitare e che non dimenticherete. Il buio e il suono dei tamburi nella notte, i fumi delle bancarelle che vendono cibo, i fuochi, la varietà di persone che lo popola sono un ricordo vivido nella mia mente. Jemaa el Fna è la piazza al centro della quale si sviluppa la città vecchia di Marrakech. È circondata a nord dal souk, a est dalla Kasbah. Patrimonio orale dell'umanità Unesco è trafficatissima giorno e notte: tanti i turisti, ma la massima parte delle persone che la popolano sono marocchini. È sede di bancarelle che vendono diversi genere di merci (dalla frutta, alle spremute, alle stoffe, a oggetti usati contro le malattie). La mattina è dominata da incantatori di serpenti, acquaioli, decoratrici con l'hennè. Ma fate attenzione perché tutto ha un prezzo. La foto scattata con la scimmia o con il cobra che vi saranno messi in testa o il ritratto dell'acquaiolo (non bevete l'acqua se ci tenete allo stomaco, però) andranno remunerati e vi conviene contrattare il prezzo prima per evitare sgraditissime sorprese. La sera a dominare la piazza buia sono invece concerti, cantastorie e le decine di affollatissime bancarelle dedicate al cibo e che offrono in particolare economici brochettes (spiedini di carne o pesce), con i fumi delle grigliate che si elevano sopra la piazza illuminati dalle luci. Uno stand vale l'altro e mangiarci è un'esperienza da fare.

La Piazza Jema El-Fna è uno dei punti di ritrovo principali di Marrakech. Nel 2001 l'Unesco l'ha denominata Patrimonio Orale e Immateriale dell'Umanità. È situata a lato dei vari suk e a partire dalle ore 17.00 si riempie di venditori di succhi di frutta naturali, frutta secca, donne che dipingono il corpo con l'hennè, incantatori di serpenti, musici, venditori ambulanti, tassisti, veggenti, turisti e addirittura dentisti! Inoltre è circondata da piccole moschee e la chiamata alla preghiera diventa un vero spettacolo. I caffè più famosi della città si trovano proprio qui: Il Café De France, l'Argana... Tutti hanno terrazze in cui sedersi per sorseggiare tè alla menta o cenare con vista sulla piazza. A ora di cena,in particolare durante il tramonto, vengono improvvisati punti di ristoro che propongono pietanze di carne, pesce o cuscus.

La Piazza Jemaa el Fna è la piazza centrale di Marrakech, luogo dichiarato dall'UNESCO "di tradizione orale". Qui si recano gli "Gnaouas", un gruppo di musicisti locali, a suonare musica e percussioni, accompagnati da incantatori di serpenti o di scimmie. Si raccontano storie, si balla, si mangia fino a tarda ora. Durante il giorno la piazza, che si trova accanto alla Kutubia, è quasi vuota a causa del gran caldo. Nel pomeriggio iniziano ad apparire i primi tavoli e le prime sedie, assieme ai venditori di cibo e a coloro che preparano carne alla griglia e cous-cous. Durante il giorno si può prendere un succo d'arancia, spremuto all'istante, accompagnato da datteri e dolci tipici. Il momento migliore rimane il tardo pomeriggio, quando la piazza si riempie di gente del posto, persone arrivate dal deserto per vendere tessuti o animali magici in grado di curare qualsiasi malanno, famiglie che vengono a mangiare.

 

Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and market place in Marrakesh's medina quarter (old city). The origin of its name is unclear: Jemaa means "congregational mosque" in Arabic, probably referring to a destroyed Almoravid mosque. "Fanâʼ" or "finâ'" can mean "death" or "a courtyard, space in front of a building." Thus, one meaning could be "The mosque or assembly of death," or "The Mosque at the End of the World". A more likely explanation is that it refers to a mosque with a distinctive courtyard or square in front of it. Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids 1070-1072. After a destructive struggle, it was falling to the Almohads in 1147. Following this, Jamaa el Fna was renovated along with much of the city. The city walls were also extended by Abou Yacoub Youssef and particularly by Yacoub el Mansour 1147-1158. The surrounding mosque, palace, hospital, parade ground and gardens around the edges of the marketplace were also overhauled, and the Kasbah was fortified. Subsequently, with the fortunes of the city, Jamaa el Fna saw periods of decline and also renewal. The place remains the main square of Marrakesh, used by locals and tourists. During the day it is predominantly occupied by orange juice stalls, youths with chained Barbary apes, water sellers in colourful costumes with traditional leather water-bags and brass cups, and snake charmers who will pose for photographs for tourists. As the day progresses, the entertainment on offer changes: the snake charmers depart, and late in the day the square becomes more crowded, with Chleuh dancing-boys (it would be against custom for girls to provide such entertainment), story-tellers (telling their tales in Berber or Arabic, to an audience of appreciative locals), magicians, and peddlers of traditional medicines. As darkness falls, the square fills with dozens of food-stalls as the number of people on the square peaks. The square is edged along one side by the Marrakesh souk, a traditional North African market catering both for the common daily needs of the locals, and for the tourist trade. On other sides are hotels and gardens and cafe terraces offering an escape from the noise and confusion of the square. Once a bus station, the place was closed to vehicle traffic in the early 2000s. The authorities are well aware of its importance to the tourist trade, and a strong but discreet police presence ensures the safety of visitors. The idea of the UNESCO project Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity came from people concerned about the Jamaa el Fna. The place is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures. In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level, to recognize the need for the protection of such places - termed "cultural spaces" - and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression. UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage. The UNESCO label aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity. The spectacle of Jamaa el Fna is repeated daily and each day it is different. Everything changes - voices, sounds, gestures, the public which sees, listens, smells, tastes, touches. The oral tradition is framed by one much vaster - that we can call intangible. The Square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition.

 

Jamaâ El Fna (en arabe : جامع الفناء, littéralement en français: "assemblée des trépassés" est une place située à Marrakech à côté de la mosquée Koutoubia. Ce haut-lieu touristique attire sans cesse plus d'un million de visiteurs venus pour assister aux spectacles animés par les charmeurs de serpents, les dresseurs de singes, les conteurs, les musiciens et d’autres artistes populaires, jeux, dessin au henné, etc... du début de soirée jusqu'à l'appel de la prière de l'aube. L'espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna a été inscrit par l’UNESCO en 2001 en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité. Elle se distingue aussi par des orateurs qui racontent des histoires ou vantent les mérites de produits magiques. Son nom de "assemblée des trépassés" vient du fait qu'elle servait autrefois à l'exposition, sur ordre du Sultan, des têtes des condamnés à mort qui venaient d'être exécutés. Certains jours, on pouvait ainsi compter jusqu'à quarante-cinq têtes. Elle est le théâtre d'une explosion meurtrière le 28 avril 20113. L’attentat, provoqué par une bombe actionnée à distance dont l'auteur présumé a été arrêté le 5 mai 2011, a fait 17 morts dont 8 français.

Copyright © 2012 Ruggero Poggianella Photostream.

All rights reserved. Please, do not use my photos without my written permission.

Please note that the fact that "This photo is public" doesn't mean it's public domain or a free stock image. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. If you wish to use any of my images for any reason/purpose please contact me for written permission. Tous droits reservés. Défense d'utilisation de cette image sans ma permission. Todos derechos reservados. No usar sin mi consentimiento.

© Copyright : Você não pode usar !

© Copyright : Sie dürfen es nicht kopieren !

© حقوق النشر محفوظة. لا يمكنك استخدام الصورة

 

Senza ombra di dubbio è un posto da visitare e che non dimenticherete. Il buio e il suono dei tamburi nella notte, i fumi delle bancarelle che vendono cibo, i fuochi, la varietà di persone che lo popola sono un ricordo vivido nella mia mente. Jemaa el Fna è la piazza al centro della quale si sviluppa la città vecchia di Marrakech. È circondata a nord dal souk, a est dalla Kasbah. Patrimonio orale dell'umanità Unesco è trafficatissima giorno e notte: tanti i turisti, ma la massima parte delle persone che la popolano sono marocchini. È sede di bancarelle che vendono diversi genere di merci (dalla frutta, alle spremute, alle stoffe, a oggetti usati contro le malattie). La mattina è dominata da incantatori di serpenti, acquaioli, decoratrici con l'hennè. Ma fate attenzione perché tutto ha un prezzo. La foto scattata con la scimmia o con il cobra che vi saranno messi in testa o il ritratto dell'acquaiolo (non bevete l'acqua se ci tenete allo stomaco, però) andranno remunerati e vi conviene contrattare il prezzo prima per evitare sgraditissime sorprese. La sera a dominare la piazza buia sono invece concerti, cantastorie e le decine di affollatissime bancarelle dedicate al cibo e che offrono in particolare economici brochettes (spiedini di carne o pesce), con i fumi delle grigliate che si elevano sopra la piazza illuminati dalle luci. Uno stand vale l'altro e mangiarci è un'esperienza da fare.

La Piazza Jema El-Fna è uno dei punti di ritrovo principali di Marrakech. Nel 2001 l'Unesco l'ha denominata Patrimonio Orale e Immateriale dell'Umanità. È situata a lato dei vari suk e a partire dalle ore 17.00 si riempie di venditori di succhi di frutta naturali, frutta secca, donne che dipingono il corpo con l'hennè, incantatori di serpenti, musici, venditori ambulanti, tassisti, veggenti, turisti e addirittura dentisti! Inoltre è circondata da piccole moschee e la chiamata alla preghiera diventa un vero spettacolo. I caffè più famosi della città si trovano proprio qui: Il Café De France, l'Argana... Tutti hanno terrazze in cui sedersi per sorseggiare tè alla menta o cenare con vista sulla piazza. A ora di cena,in particolare durante il tramonto, vengono improvvisati punti di ristoro che propongono pietanze di carne, pesce o cuscus.

La Piazza Jemaa el Fna è la piazza centrale di Marrakech, luogo dichiarato dall'UNESCO "di tradizione orale". Qui si recano gli "Gnaouas", un gruppo di musicisti locali, a suonare musica e percussioni, accompagnati da incantatori di serpenti o di scimmie. Si raccontano storie, si balla, si mangia fino a tarda ora. Durante il giorno la piazza, che si trova accanto alla Kutubia, è quasi vuota a causa del gran caldo. Nel pomeriggio iniziano ad apparire i primi tavoli e le prime sedie, assieme ai venditori di cibo e a coloro che preparano carne alla griglia e cous-cous. Durante il giorno si può prendere un succo d'arancia, spremuto all'istante, accompagnato da datteri e dolci tipici. Il momento migliore rimane il tardo pomeriggio, quando la piazza si riempie di gente del posto, persone arrivate dal deserto per vendere tessuti o animali magici in grado di curare qualsiasi malanno, famiglie che vengono a mangiare.

 

Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and market place in Marrakesh's medina quarter (old city). The origin of its name is unclear: Jemaa means "congregational mosque" in Arabic, probably referring to a destroyed Almoravid mosque. "Fanâʼ" or "finâ'" can mean "death" or "a courtyard, space in front of a building." Thus, one meaning could be "The mosque or assembly of death," or "The Mosque at the End of the World". A more likely explanation is that it refers to a mosque with a distinctive courtyard or square in front of it. Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids 1070-1072. After a destructive struggle, it was falling to the Almohads in 1147. Following this, Jamaa el Fna was renovated along with much of the city. The city walls were also extended by Abou Yacoub Youssef and particularly by Yacoub el Mansour 1147-1158. The surrounding mosque, palace, hospital, parade ground and gardens around the edges of the marketplace were also overhauled, and the Kasbah was fortified. Subsequently, with the fortunes of the city, Jamaa el Fna saw periods of decline and also renewal. The place remains the main square of Marrakesh, used by locals and tourists. During the day it is predominantly occupied by orange juice stalls, youths with chained Barbary apes, water sellers in colourful costumes with traditional leather water-bags and brass cups, and snake charmers who will pose for photographs for tourists. As the day progresses, the entertainment on offer changes: the snake charmers depart, and late in the day the square becomes more crowded, with Chleuh dancing-boys (it would be against custom for girls to provide such entertainment), story-tellers (telling their tales in Berber or Arabic, to an audience of appreciative locals), magicians, and peddlers of traditional medicines. As darkness falls, the square fills with dozens of food-stalls as the number of people on the square peaks. The square is edged along one side by the Marrakesh souk, a traditional North African market catering both for the common daily needs of the locals, and for the tourist trade. On other sides are hotels and gardens and cafe terraces offering an escape from the noise and confusion of the square. Once a bus station, the place was closed to vehicle traffic in the early 2000s. The authorities are well aware of its importance to the tourist trade, and a strong but discreet police presence ensures the safety of visitors. The idea of the UNESCO project Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity came from people concerned about the Jamaa el Fna. The place is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures. In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level, to recognize the need for the protection of such places - termed "cultural spaces" - and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression. UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage. The UNESCO label aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity. The spectacle of Jamaa el Fna is repeated daily and each day it is different. Everything changes - voices, sounds, gestures, the public which sees, listens, smells, tastes, touches. The oral tradition is framed by one much vaster - that we can call intangible. The Square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition.

 

Jamaâ El Fna (en arabe : جامع الفناء, littéralement en français: "assemblée des trépassés" est une place située à Marrakech à côté de la mosquée Koutoubia. Ce haut-lieu touristique attire sans cesse plus d'un million de visiteurs venus pour assister aux spectacles animés par les charmeurs de serpents, les dresseurs de singes, les conteurs, les musiciens et d’autres artistes populaires, jeux, dessin au henné, etc... du début de soirée jusqu'à l'appel de la prière de l'aube. L'espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna a été inscrit par l’UNESCO en 2001 en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité. Elle se distingue aussi par des orateurs qui racontent des histoires ou vantent les mérites de produits magiques. Son nom de "assemblée des trépassés" vient du fait qu'elle servait autrefois à l'exposition, sur ordre du Sultan, des têtes des condamnés à mort qui venaient d'être exécutés. Certains jours, on pouvait ainsi compter jusqu'à quarante-cinq têtes. Elle est le théâtre d'une explosion meurtrière le 28 avril 20113. L’attentat, provoqué par une bombe actionnée à distance dont l'auteur présumé a été arrêté le 5 mai 2011, a fait 17 morts dont 8 français.

12th October 1980 Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.3, Construction Number: 712204 / Registration Number: XZ968 / Alternative Code: 9222M.

 

Famous throughout the world as the first jet fighter capable of vertical take off and landing, the Harrier was utilised by the Royal Air Force as a ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft in the Close Air Support role (CAS).

 

The Harrier GR.3 was a development of the Harrier GR.1, being fitted with improved attack sensors, electronic countermeasures and a more powerful engine over the GR1. The simplicity and flexibility inherent in the Harrier design proved their worth in service in Germany. In time of war the Harrier was to be deployed away from established airfields, which were vulnerable to attack. Instead it was to be operated from short, rough strips of ground and hidden in camouflaged ‘hides’, from which it would attack the enemy’s approaching armoured formations.

 

These qualities came into their own during the Falklands War, RAF Harriers were deployed to the Royal Navy aircraft carrier H.M.S Hermes, as part of the Task Force sent to recapture the Falklands Islands. The Harrier GR.3 performed attack sorties from the aircraft carrier, and later from basic landing strips on the islands, often in conditions that would have grounded conventional aircraft.

 

In addition to operations with RAF Germany, the Harrier GR.3 has also seen service with the Royal Air Force in Norway and Belize. The concept of a high performance fighter aircraft being able to take off and land vertically was almost unbelievable until the Harrier was developed. The scientific, technological and engineering challenges which were overcome in order to achieve the remarkable performance enjoyed by this aircraft marks it out as one of the most special machines.

 

General characteristics -

 

▪︎Role: V/STOL Ground-attack Aircraft

▪︎National Origin: United Kingdom

▪︎Manufacturer: Hawker Siddeley

▪︎First Flight: 28th December 1967

▪︎Introduction: 1st April 1969

▪︎Retired: 2006

▪︎Status: Retired

▪︎Primary Users: Royal Air Force / United States Marine Corps / Spanish Navy / Royal Thai Navy ▪︎Produced: 1967 to the 1970's

▪︎Number Built: 278

▪︎Developed From: Hawker Siddeley P.1127/Kestrel

▪︎Developed Into: British Aerospace Sea Harrier / McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II / British ▪︎Aerospace Harrier II

▪︎Crew: 1

▪︎Length: 46 ft 10 in

▪︎Wingspan: 25 ft 5 in / 29 ft 8 in with ferry tips fitted

▪︎Height: 11 ft 11 in

▪︎Wing area: 201.1 sq ft / 216 sq ft with ferry tips fitted

▪︎Aspect Ratio: 3.175 / 4.08 with ferry tips fitted

▪︎Empty Weight: 13,535 lb

▪︎Maximum Takeoff Weight: 25,200 lb

▪︎Fuel Capacity: 5,060 lb internal / 2 x 100 imp gal, 790 lb drop-tanks for combat / 2 x 330 imp gal, 2,608 lb drop-tanks for ferry

▪︎Powerplant: 1 x Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 vectored-thrust high-bypass turbofan engine, 21,500 lbf thrust with water injection

▪︎Maximum Speed: 731 mph, at sea level

▪︎Maximum Diving Speed: Mach 1.3

▪︎Combat Range: 360 nmi - 410 mi, ho-lo-hi with 4,400 lb payload / 200 nmi - 230 mi, lo-lo with 4,400 lb payload

▪︎Ferry Range: 1,850 nmi - 2,130 mi, with 330 imp gal drop-tanks / 3,000 nmi - 3,500 mi, with one AAR

▪︎Endurance: 1 hour 30 minutes combat air patrol 100 nmi - 120 mi, from base / 7 hours plus with one AAR

▪︎Service Ceiling: 51,200 ft

G Limits: +7.8 −4.2

Time to Altitude: 40,000 ft in 2 minutes 23 seconds from a vertical take-off

Take-off Run CTOL: 1,000 ft at max. TO weight

 

▪︎ARMAMENT -

 

▪︎Guns: 2 x 1.18 in ADEN cannon pods under the fuselage

▪︎Hardpoints: 4 x under-wing & 1 x under-fuselage pylon stations with a capacity of 5,000 lb, with provisions to carry combinations of -

▪︎Rockets: 4 x Matra rocket pods with 18 x SNEB 68mm rockets each

▪︎Missiles: 2 x AIM-9 Sidewinders Air-to-air missiles

▪︎Bombs: A variety of unguided iron bombs, BL755 cluster bombs or laser-guided bombs

▪︎1 x Reconnaissance pod

▪︎2 x drop tanks for extended range/loitering time.

 

Information sourced from -

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier

www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/hawker-siddeley...

A beautiful historic Scottish Fishing bay dating back to the 1700's, under duress due to problems between the "Owner" and local fishermen who have utilised this historic harbour as they and their fore fathers have done for hundreds of years .

 

I revisited today Tuesday 27th August 2019 , I was disappointed to see concrete barriers blocking access to cars and fishing boats , sad circumstances indeed , though I still managed to capture as much of the bays charm a I could , its ongoing battle and new concrete blocks preventing access made me feel unhappy and sad, any ways I have pasted some of my previous comments and news items reference this pathetic situation below for your perusal, I am on the side of the fishermen , its a sad tale indeed.

 

Check my previous posts in my Cove Bay folder for photos of the harbour in its glory days that I have taken over the years before this nonsense raised its ugly head.

 

Previous Posts

 

I love this bay, its a beautiful tranquil place, however after reading news reports on a court judgement 13/7/2018 forcing the fisher men to remove their boats within 28 days it saddened me, hence I made a trip today Friday 13th July 2018 to capture the views and scenery before this unpopular ruling is implemented, what a sad situation indeed, I have included the news report on the legal wrangle at the end of this description.

 

Cove is a 20 minute drive from my home in Aberdeen Scotland, it was a pleasure to visit today and capture the tranquility that it presented.

 

Scattered across the harbour are stones with various sealife characters carved into them.

 

Cove Bay is a suburb on the south-east edge of Aberdeen, Scotland.

 

Today Cove is home to over 7000 people. It is a popular residential location owing to its extremely village-like status.

 

It is a quiet suburb just at the edge of the City and in 2015 won the Silver award for Scotland in bloom. Nearby Altens and Tullos Industrial Estates, affording ample employment opportunities.

 

History

 

Cove Bay is situated to the east of the ancient Causey Mounth, which road was built on high ground to make passable this only available medieval route from coastal points south from Stonehaven to Aberdeen.

 

This ancient trackway specifically connected the River Dee crossing (where the Bridge of Dee is located) via Portlethen Moss, Muchalls Castle and Stonehaven to the south.

 

The route was that taken by William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose, who led a Covenanter army of 9000 men in the battle of the Civil War in 1639.

 

Cove Bay was a village in the extreme north-east corner of Kincardine, governed from Stonehaven, until 1975, when it was added to the City of Aberdeen. Though simply referred to as Cove, in the 19th and early 20th centuries it was known as The Cove, becoming Cove Bay around 1912.

 

Industry

 

Cove has been noted for industries such as granite, which was quarried in several locations to the south of the village. Owing to its close-grained texture, Cove granite was one of the hardest in north-east Scotland and proved highly resistant to frost, making it ideal for causeway stones used in the construction of roads. It was widely exported to cities in England, including Billingsgate Market in London.

 

Fishing

The village itself sprung up around the fishing industry, with the boats berthed on a shingle beach, a gap in the rocks that afforded a natural harbour. During this time, it is estimated that approximately 300 people lived in the area. In the mid 19th century the fishing was at its height, which, over years, has included cod, haddock, salmon, herring and shellfish. The piers and breakwater were constructed in 1878. At the end of World War I the fishing began to decline. At present only a couple of boats pursue shellfish on a part-time basis.

 

Between 1894 and 1937, Cove also housed a fishmeal factory, the Aberdeen Fish Meal Factory, which was located at the edge of the cliffs. It produced quality manure which was exported to both Europe and America. It became locally known as "the stinker" because of the processing odour, which was highlighted by the Aberdeen entertainer Harry Gordon in a parody entitled A Song of Cove.

 

Amenities

Retail

 

Cove has just had a brand new Co-operative built just off of Earnshugh Circle.

To the west of Loirston Road is the Cove Shopping Centre, which overlooks Loirston Primary School. This houses a pharmacist, the Wee China Chinese takeaway/Chip shop, Ruby Tuesdays beauty salon and the Harr Rock cafe (Cove's second).

 

Within the new development of cove a local Sainsbury's has opened. There is also the Harr Rock Cafe (the first one), a hairdressers and a gift shop within the new development.

 

There are also 2 RS McColl newsagents. One located at Bervie Brow in Altens, and a second located on the corner of Loirston Road and Cove Road which also houses a Post Office.

 

Hospitality

 

The Cove Bay hotel is located on Colsea Road. There is also The Aberdeen Altens Hotel in Altens, which has 216 bedrooms, making it the largest of the three Thistle Hotels in Aberdeen.

 

There is also a pub, the Langdykes which now has an Indian restaurant situated inside called The Curry lounge which you can sit in or take away.

 

Transport

 

Bus services to and from Cove and the wider area of Aberdeen are available. These are run by First Aberdeen with the numbers 3 (to Mastrick) and the 18 to Dyce, via Kincorth. Stagecoach also cover cove partially, with numbers 7A & 8 (Both to the City Centre).

 

Healthcare

Cove Bay has its own medical centre, the Cove Bay Medical Centre. It was originally located on Catto Walk, but moved to a new facility off Earns Hugh Road. Cove Dental Care has since moved into the old surgery building.

 

Sport

Cove is currently home to two football teams: Cove Rangers, who currently play in the Highland Football League, they temporarily play in Harlow Park, Inverurie, as their old home Allan park was demolished to make way for housing. Cove Thistle, who hold amateur status. Sunday amateur team Cove Revolution folded in 2010.

 

There are also many youth teams in the area that are run by Cove Youth FC. The Cove Youth FC area SFA credited community club, organizing players from 6 years old up to 19 years old. They also have a girls section. The Cove Community Football Trust is run by Cove Rangers FC, Cove Thistle FC and Cove Youth FC.

 

Other Amenities

A state-of-the-art library was recently built between Loirston Primary School and the Cove Shopping Centre. There are blueprints for a local sports centre to also be built in the near future.

 

Education

Cove has two primary schools, Charleston Primary School and Loirston Primary School. Most secondary pupils attend the nearby Kincorth Academy, but some choose to go to Portlethen Academy.

 

Future Developments

Aberdeen Gateway[edit]

Construction on a new Aberdeen Gateway industrial development began in 2008. It will see new offices and industrial units built to the south of the village. Current tenants at the site include National Oilwell Varco (NOV), Driving Standards Agency and Hydrasun. A Community football pitch is also inlcluded within the development.

 

Cove Academy

Plans for a secondary school in Cove have now been approved and will be situated alongside Wellington Road. It is thought that once this is built pupils from Cove, Torry as well as Kincorth will attend this school.

 

The Legal Wrangle - Landowner V Fishermen - Judgement 13/7/18

  

Fishermen told to move boats from Cove Bay after legal dispute

 

Fishermen have been told to move their boats from an Aberdeen bay after a long-running dispute.

Several fishermen were fighting an eviction order on behalf of landowner Pralhad Kolhe at Cove Bay, where they had been fishing for many years.

In a written judgement, a sheriff has given them 28 days to move their boats and equipment from Mr Kolhe's land.

However, Sheriff Andrew Miller also ordered the removal of obstructions to vehicular access onto the pier.

 

The case was heard at Aberdeen Sheriff Court earlier this year.

 

One of the fisherman, Jim Adam, told a court he was "stunned" to receive a legal letter telling him to remove his boat.

 

He had been fishing from Cove Bay since 1966.

'We were hopeful'

 

The first day of the hearing heard the letter said the landowner, who lives in a house overlooking the harbour, was unable to make use of his land for amenity purposes and that he did not wish Mr Adam's vessel, or any other vessel, on his land.

 

In the ruling, Sheriff Miller also gave Mr Kolhe 28 days to remove the obstructions to vehicle access to the pier.

Mr Adam told BBC Scotland: "We are disappointed, we were hopeful.

 

"The good news is at least for the recreational folks they have got vehicle access."

 

News Report From P&J Aberdeen

 

A campaign group could use new powers to try to buy the land at the centre of a long-running dispute over access to Cove Harbour.

 

Councillors in Aberdeen agreed yesterday to investigate using the purchase powers contained in the Community Empowerment Scotland Act 2015 to finally resolve the stand-off.

 

The proposal was backed after Jim Adam, chairman of the Cove Fishermen Association, delivered an emotional plea to Aberdeen City Council’s petitions committee yesterday.

 

He outlined the group’s ongoing disagreement with the landowner, Pralhad Kohle, over vehicle access to the harbour-side.

 

Mr Adam highlighted the historical use of the harbour since the 1700s for fishing boats and recreational users, showing members photographs as evidence.

 

He also said the denial of emergency access to the harbour would create safety issues, and spoke of a strong community spirit in the village.

 

Cove Councillor Neil Cooney stated: “Boats have been fishing out of Cove since mediaeval times; we need to retain that heritage.”

 

Committee convener Alan Donnelly said: “You would think, with 11,000 signatures, that the owner would take it seriously and come along.”

 

He added: “We are moving today that the council refers the petition to the landowner, with the hope that they can come to an amicable solution.

 

“And request a report to the communities, housing and infrastructure committee to investigate the viability of the community to use the new Community Empowerment Scotland Act 2015 to purchase the land.”

 

Speaking afterwards Mr Adam said: “We are very encouraged by the support from the council. It’s very positive and has opened up a number of avenues, but we would like there to be an amicable solution.

 

“The Community Empowerment Act is a very useful tool, but it would be a last resort.”

 

Mr Kohle, who was not in attendance, owns a house overlooking the bay and some of the land at the harbour below.

 

Scotland’s First Minister has pledged to investigate the “suffering” faced by the Cove Harbour fishing community as a result of a devastating fire and a dispute with the landlord.

 

The first minister promised action after being warned the Scottish Government risked ignoring a group whose livelihoods had been threatened by recent events.

 

Ms Sturgeon said the government wanted “to do everything we possibly can” to help communities faced with difficulties after the Cove Harbour situation was raised with her.

 

In January, thousands of pounds worth of damage was caused when a fire, thought to be deliberate, destroyed five vessels, boating equipment, a shed and fishing gear.

 

The community has also been involved in a long-running battle with landowner Pralhad Kolhe, a plastic surgeon who had sought to evict the fishermen’s fleet of traditional vessels from the part of the harbour he owns.

 

The Cove Fisherman’s Association had a four-year legal battle with Mr Kolhe, and lost their fight to dock their small fleet of traditional vessels at a particular part of Cove Harbour last year.

 

Last August the remaining vessels at the site were finally moved from Mr Kolhe’s land to a small corner of the harbour. The judgement said access to the pier for walkers and vehicles should be maintained.

 

After January’s fire, North East MSP Liam Kerr wrote to Rural Economy Secretary Fergus Ewing asking for support for the fishermen.

 

Mr Ewing replied say he was “very saddened” by the disaster but financial support would be “limited”.

 

Yesterday Mr Kerr raised Cove Harbour with Ms Sturgeon in the Scottish Parliament.

 

Mr Kerr told the first minister the Cove Harbour fishing community was “suffering” and faced “significant” legal costs.

 

The Tory MSP said the fishermen had requested a meeting with Mr Ewing “but to no avail”.

 

And he asked Ms Sturgeon to persuade Mr Ewing to meet the community and “not risk ignoring a community facing the loss of their livelihoods”.

 

The First Minister said: “Of course we want to do everything we possibly can to help any community experiencing difficulties.

 

“I am not aware beyond what the member has just said of the content of the correspondence to Fergus Ewing.

 

“But I am happy to give an undertaking to look into that and if Fergus Ewing thinks there is help the Scottish Government can offer – certainly to meet with those affected.”

 

A group of Aberdeen fishermen who lost a court case last year have been hit with a legal fee bill of around £45,000 – just days after their cherished vessels were destroyed in a malicious fire.

 

The Cove Fishermen’s Association was forced to move its boats at Cove Harbour last year after a court ruled in favour of landowner Pralhad Kolhe – who owns sections of the historic bay.

 

Mr Kolhe has been seeking to remove the small fleet of boats from his land, but in the months since the court’s decision, the fishermen have continued their activities by keeping their remaining vessels in a much smaller pocket of the harbour not under the landowner’s control, further away from the shoreline

Matériels utilisés :

Boitier : Canon 1100D

Objectif : Canon EF 35-80mm F/4-5.6 II

 

Réglages :

Focale : F/5.6

Temps d'exposition : 1/500 secondes

Vitesse ISO : 100 ISO

Longueur de la focale : 80 mm

 

Logiciel :

Paint.NET

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Merci de me contacter pour toute utilisation de la photographie, contact@wackou.com

 

© Wackou | En pratique, il n'y a plus de théorie …

 

Site : www.wackou.com

Facebook : Wackou | Photographies

Taken utilising Agfa Vista 200 135 Film on a Nikon F5 Camera. Utilised a ND0.6 filter. I love the light this film produces. Taken at Wembury Beach.

 

www.scottcalnon-photography.com

 

Je sais qu'en ce moment j'arrête pas d'utiliser ce fond, cet angle, mais dernière photo après promis j'arrête :)

 

Lizebeth: ma chouchoute ultime ♥ Celle que je vendrais JAMAIS même sous la torture !! XD

 

Photo très naturelle la aussi: luminosité améliorée sur le visage, luminosité améliorée sur les yeux, accentuation de la cicatrice, modification légère sur les couleurs :)

 

I know that I make a lot of photos with this angle, this background, but one more and I'll stop, I promise :)

Lizebeth: my favorite doll ever ! The doll which I'll NEVER sell because I can't! ♥ She's a part of mine :)

Photo very natural with little enhancements: light, color's editing very lightly :)

 

FACEBOOK PAGE: www.facebook.com/nenndolls

________________________________________________ __ _

Matériels utilisés :

Boitier: Nikon D7000

Objectif: Tamron SP AF 10-24 mm F/3.5-4.5 Di II LD Aspherical (IF)

Accessoires: Grip Phottix BG-D7000

Logiciel: Lightroom 3.0

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© Josselin Dutheil - Merci de me contacter pour toute utilisation de la photographie.

 

-- - All rights reserved / Tous droits réservés - --

 

Copyright © 2012 Ruggero Poggianella Photostream.

All rights reserved. Please, do not use my photos without my written permission.

Please note that the fact that "This photo is public" doesn't mean it's public domain or a free stock image. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. If you wish to use any of my images for any reason/purpose please contact me for written permission. Tous droits reservés. Défense d'utilisation de cette image sans ma permission. Todos derechos reservados. No usar sin mi consentimiento.

© Copyright : Você não pode usar !

© Copyright : Sie dürfen es nicht kopieren !

© حقوق النشر محفوظة. لا يمكنك استخدام الصورة

 

Senza ombra di dubbio è un posto da visitare e che non dimenticherete. Il buio e il suono dei tamburi nella notte, i fumi delle bancarelle che vendono cibo, i fuochi, la varietà di persone che lo popola sono un ricordo vivido nella mia mente. Jemaa el Fna è la piazza al centro della quale si sviluppa la città vecchia di Marrakech. È circondata a nord dal souk, a est dalla Kasbah. Patrimonio orale dell'umanità Unesco è trafficatissima giorno e notte: tanti i turisti, ma la massima parte delle persone che la popolano sono marocchini. È sede di bancarelle che vendono diversi genere di merci (dalla frutta, alle spremute, alle stoffe, a oggetti usati contro le malattie). La mattina è dominata da incantatori di serpenti, acquaioli, decoratrici con l'hennè. Ma fate attenzione perché tutto ha un prezzo. La foto scattata con la scimmia o con il cobra che vi saranno messi in testa o il ritratto dell'acquaiolo (non bevete l'acqua se ci tenete allo stomaco, però) andranno remunerati e vi conviene contrattare il prezzo prima per evitare sgraditissime sorprese. La sera a dominare la piazza buia sono invece concerti, cantastorie e le decine di affollatissime bancarelle dedicate al cibo e che offrono in particolare economici brochettes (spiedini di carne o pesce), con i fumi delle grigliate che si elevano sopra la piazza illuminati dalle luci. Uno stand vale l'altro e mangiarci è un'esperienza da fare.

La Piazza Jema El-Fna è uno dei punti di ritrovo principali di Marrakech. Nel 2001 l'Unesco l'ha denominata Patrimonio Orale e Immateriale dell'Umanità. È situata a lato dei vari suk e a partire dalle ore 17.00 si riempie di venditori di succhi di frutta naturali, frutta secca, donne che dipingono il corpo con l'hennè, incantatori di serpenti, musici, venditori ambulanti, tassisti, veggenti, turisti e addirittura dentisti! Inoltre è circondata da piccole moschee e la chiamata alla preghiera diventa un vero spettacolo. I caffè più famosi della città si trovano proprio qui: Il Café De France, l'Argana... Tutti hanno terrazze in cui sedersi per sorseggiare tè alla menta o cenare con vista sulla piazza. A ora di cena,in particolare durante il tramonto, vengono improvvisati punti di ristoro che propongono pietanze di carne, pesce o cuscus.

La Piazza Jemaa el Fna è la piazza centrale di Marrakech, luogo dichiarato dall'UNESCO "di tradizione orale". Qui si recano gli "Gnaouas", un gruppo di musicisti locali, a suonare musica e percussioni, accompagnati da incantatori di serpenti o di scimmie. Si raccontano storie, si balla, si mangia fino a tarda ora. Durante il giorno la piazza, che si trova accanto alla Kutubia, è quasi vuota a causa del gran caldo. Nel pomeriggio iniziano ad apparire i primi tavoli e le prime sedie, assieme ai venditori di cibo e a coloro che preparano carne alla griglia e cous-cous. Durante il giorno si può prendere un succo d'arancia, spremuto all'istante, accompagnato da datteri e dolci tipici. Il momento migliore rimane il tardo pomeriggio, quando la piazza si riempie di gente del posto, persone arrivate dal deserto per vendere tessuti o animali magici in grado di curare qualsiasi malanno, famiglie che vengono a mangiare.

 

Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and market place in Marrakesh's medina quarter (old city). The origin of its name is unclear: Jemaa means "congregational mosque" in Arabic, probably referring to a destroyed Almoravid mosque. "Fanâʼ" or "finâ'" can mean "death" or "a courtyard, space in front of a building." Thus, one meaning could be "The mosque or assembly of death," or "The Mosque at the End of the World". A more likely explanation is that it refers to a mosque with a distinctive courtyard or square in front of it. Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids 1070-1072. After a destructive struggle, it was falling to the Almohads in 1147. Following this, Jamaa el Fna was renovated along with much of the city. The city walls were also extended by Abou Yacoub Youssef and particularly by Yacoub el Mansour 1147-1158. The surrounding mosque, palace, hospital, parade ground and gardens around the edges of the marketplace were also overhauled, and the Kasbah was fortified. Subsequently, with the fortunes of the city, Jamaa el Fna saw periods of decline and also renewal. The place remains the main square of Marrakesh, used by locals and tourists. During the day it is predominantly occupied by orange juice stalls, youths with chained Barbary apes, water sellers in colourful costumes with traditional leather water-bags and brass cups, and snake charmers who will pose for photographs for tourists. As the day progresses, the entertainment on offer changes: the snake charmers depart, and late in the day the square becomes more crowded, with Chleuh dancing-boys (it would be against custom for girls to provide such entertainment), story-tellers (telling their tales in Berber or Arabic, to an audience of appreciative locals), magicians, and peddlers of traditional medicines. As darkness falls, the square fills with dozens of food-stalls as the number of people on the square peaks. The square is edged along one side by the Marrakesh souk, a traditional North African market catering both for the common daily needs of the locals, and for the tourist trade. On other sides are hotels and gardens and cafe terraces offering an escape from the noise and confusion of the square. Once a bus station, the place was closed to vehicle traffic in the early 2000s. The authorities are well aware of its importance to the tourist trade, and a strong but discreet police presence ensures the safety of visitors. The idea of the UNESCO project Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity came from people concerned about the Jamaa el Fna. The place is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures. In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level, to recognize the need for the protection of such places - termed "cultural spaces" - and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression. UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage. The UNESCO label aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity. The spectacle of Jamaa el Fna is repeated daily and each day it is different. Everything changes - voices, sounds, gestures, the public which sees, listens, smells, tastes, touches. The oral tradition is framed by one much vaster - that we can call intangible. The Square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition.

 

Jamaâ El Fna (en arabe : جامع الفناء, littéralement en français: "assemblée des trépassés" est une place située à Marrakech à côté de la mosquée Koutoubia. Ce haut-lieu touristique attire sans cesse plus d'un million de visiteurs venus pour assister aux spectacles animés par les charmeurs de serpents, les dresseurs de singes, les conteurs, les musiciens et d’autres artistes populaires, jeux, dessin au henné, etc... du début de soirée jusqu'à l'appel de la prière de l'aube. L'espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna a été inscrit par l’UNESCO en 2001 en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité. Elle se distingue aussi par des orateurs qui racontent des histoires ou vantent les mérites de produits magiques. Son nom de "assemblée des trépassés" vient du fait qu'elle servait autrefois à l'exposition, sur ordre du Sultan, des têtes des condamnés à mort qui venaient d'être exécutés. Certains jours, on pouvait ainsi compter jusqu'à quarante-cinq têtes. Elle est le théâtre d'une explosion meurtrière le 28 avril 20113. L’attentat, provoqué par une bombe actionnée à distance dont l'auteur présumé a été arrêté le 5 mai 2011, a fait 17 morts dont 8 français.

Copyright © 2012 Ruggero Poggianella Photostream.

All rights reserved. Please, do not use my photos without my written permission.

Please note that the fact that "This photo is public" doesn't mean it's public domain or a free stock image. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. If you wish to use any of my images for any reason/purpose please contact me for written permission. Tous droits reservés. Défense d'utilisation de cette image sans ma permission. Todos derechos reservados. No usar sin mi consentimiento.

© Copyright : Você não pode usar !

© Copyright : Sie dürfen es nicht kopieren !

© حقوق النشر محفوظة. لا يمكنك استخدام الصورة

 

Senza ombra di dubbio è un posto da visitare e che non dimenticherete. Il buio e il suono dei tamburi nella notte, i fumi delle bancarelle che vendono cibo, i fuochi, la varietà di persone che lo popola sono un ricordo vivido nella mia mente. Jemaa el Fna è la piazza al centro della quale si sviluppa la città vecchia di Marrakech. È circondata a nord dal souk, a est dalla Kasbah. Patrimonio orale dell'umanità Unesco è trafficatissima giorno e notte: tanti i turisti, ma la massima parte delle persone che la popolano sono marocchini. È sede di bancarelle che vendono diversi genere di merci (dalla frutta, alle spremute, alle stoffe, a oggetti usati contro le malattie). La mattina è dominata da incantatori di serpenti, acquaioli, decoratrici con l'hennè. Ma fate attenzione perché tutto ha un prezzo. La foto scattata con la scimmia o con il cobra che vi saranno messi in testa o il ritratto dell'acquaiolo (non bevete l'acqua se ci tenete allo stomaco, però) andranno remunerati e vi conviene contrattare il prezzo prima per evitare sgraditissime sorprese. La sera a dominare la piazza buia sono invece concerti, cantastorie e le decine di affollatissime bancarelle dedicate al cibo e che offrono in particolare economici brochettes (spiedini di carne o pesce), con i fumi delle grigliate che si elevano sopra la piazza illuminati dalle luci. Uno stand vale l'altro e mangiarci è un'esperienza da fare.

La Piazza Jema El-Fna è uno dei punti di ritrovo principali di Marrakech. Nel 2001 l'Unesco l'ha denominata Patrimonio Orale e Immateriale dell'Umanità. È situata a lato dei vari suk e a partire dalle ore 17.00 si riempie di venditori di succhi di frutta naturali, frutta secca, donne che dipingono il corpo con l'hennè, incantatori di serpenti, musici, venditori ambulanti, tassisti, veggenti, turisti e addirittura dentisti! Inoltre è circondata da piccole moschee e la chiamata alla preghiera diventa un vero spettacolo. I caffè più famosi della città si trovano proprio qui: Il Café De France, l'Argana... Tutti hanno terrazze in cui sedersi per sorseggiare tè alla menta o cenare con vista sulla piazza. A ora di cena,in particolare durante il tramonto, vengono improvvisati punti di ristoro che propongono pietanze di carne, pesce o cuscus.

La Piazza Jemaa el Fna è la piazza centrale di Marrakech, luogo dichiarato dall'UNESCO "di tradizione orale". Qui si recano gli "Gnaouas", un gruppo di musicisti locali, a suonare musica e percussioni, accompagnati da incantatori di serpenti o di scimmie. Si raccontano storie, si balla, si mangia fino a tarda ora. Durante il giorno la piazza, che si trova accanto alla Kutubia, è quasi vuota a causa del gran caldo. Nel pomeriggio iniziano ad apparire i primi tavoli e le prime sedie, assieme ai venditori di cibo e a coloro che preparano carne alla griglia e cous-cous. Durante il giorno si può prendere un succo d'arancia, spremuto all'istante, accompagnato da datteri e dolci tipici. Il momento migliore rimane il tardo pomeriggio, quando la piazza si riempie di gente del posto, persone arrivate dal deserto per vendere tessuti o animali magici in grado di curare qualsiasi malanno, famiglie che vengono a mangiare.

 

Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and market place in Marrakesh's medina quarter (old city). The origin of its name is unclear: Jemaa means "congregational mosque" in Arabic, probably referring to a destroyed Almoravid mosque. "Fanâʼ" or "finâ'" can mean "death" or "a courtyard, space in front of a building." Thus, one meaning could be "The mosque or assembly of death," or "The Mosque at the End of the World". A more likely explanation is that it refers to a mosque with a distinctive courtyard or square in front of it. Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids 1070-1072. After a destructive struggle, it was falling to the Almohads in 1147. Following this, Jamaa el Fna was renovated along with much of the city. The city walls were also extended by Abou Yacoub Youssef and particularly by Yacoub el Mansour 1147-1158. The surrounding mosque, palace, hospital, parade ground and gardens around the edges of the marketplace were also overhauled, and the Kasbah was fortified. Subsequently, with the fortunes of the city, Jamaa el Fna saw periods of decline and also renewal. The place remains the main square of Marrakesh, used by locals and tourists. During the day it is predominantly occupied by orange juice stalls, youths with chained Barbary apes, water sellers in colourful costumes with traditional leather water-bags and brass cups, and snake charmers who will pose for photographs for tourists. As the day progresses, the entertainment on offer changes: the snake charmers depart, and late in the day the square becomes more crowded, with Chleuh dancing-boys (it would be against custom for girls to provide such entertainment), story-tellers (telling their tales in Berber or Arabic, to an audience of appreciative locals), magicians, and peddlers of traditional medicines. As darkness falls, the square fills with dozens of food-stalls as the number of people on the square peaks. The square is edged along one side by the Marrakesh souk, a traditional North African market catering both for the common daily needs of the locals, and for the tourist trade. On other sides are hotels and gardens and cafe terraces offering an escape from the noise and confusion of the square. Once a bus station, the place was closed to vehicle traffic in the early 2000s. The authorities are well aware of its importance to the tourist trade, and a strong but discreet police presence ensures the safety of visitors. The idea of the UNESCO project Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity came from people concerned about the Jamaa el Fna. The place is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures. In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level, to recognize the need for the protection of such places - termed "cultural spaces" - and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression. UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage. The UNESCO label aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity. The spectacle of Jamaa el Fna is repeated daily and each day it is different. Everything changes - voices, sounds, gestures, the public which sees, listens, smells, tastes, touches. The oral tradition is framed by one much vaster - that we can call intangible. The Square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition.

 

Jamaâ El Fna (en arabe : جامع الفناء, littéralement en français: "assemblée des trépassés" est une place située à Marrakech à côté de la mosquée Koutoubia. Ce haut-lieu touristique attire sans cesse plus d'un million de visiteurs venus pour assister aux spectacles animés par les charmeurs de serpents, les dresseurs de singes, les conteurs, les musiciens et d’autres artistes populaires, jeux, dessin au henné, etc... du début de soirée jusqu'à l'appel de la prière de l'aube. L'espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna a été inscrit par l’UNESCO en 2001 en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité. Elle se distingue aussi par des orateurs qui racontent des histoires ou vantent les mérites de produits magiques. Son nom de "assemblée des trépassés" vient du fait qu'elle servait autrefois à l'exposition, sur ordre du Sultan, des têtes des condamnés à mort qui venaient d'être exécutés. Certains jours, on pouvait ainsi compter jusqu'à quarante-cinq têtes. Elle est le théâtre d'une explosion meurtrière le 28 avril 20113. L’attentat, provoqué par une bombe actionnée à distance dont l'auteur présumé a été arrêté le 5 mai 2011, a fait 17 morts dont 8 français.

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Il bacino di Arcachon è un bacino di acqua salata, comunicante con l'Oceano Atlantico, situato in Francia nel dipartimento della Gironda, tra le città di Arcachon e Lège-Cap-Ferret. Fa parte delle Landes della Guascogna. A differenza degli stagni delle Landes, il bacino comunica con l'Oceano Atlantico tramite un passaggio, attraverso il quale la marea oceanica sposta quotidianamente una quantità considerevole d'acqua. L'alta marea si produce regolarmente ogni 12 ore circa. Durante la bassa marea, il bacino si riduce ad un'unione di canali navigabili. I canali ed i banchi di sabbia evolvono nel tempo sotto l'influenza della marea: circa 370 milioni di metri cubi d'acqua sono scambiati quotidianamente tra bacino e oceano, con una velocità media di circa 2 m/s, portando con sé molta sabbia. I sedimenti sabbiosi mobili che caratterizzano questo bacino sono distribuiti principalmente delle correnti di marea, che formano canali e barre secondo una tipica configurazione di piana di marea. Il passaggio con l'Oceano, la cui navigazione è resa problematica dalle numerose correnti, è dominato a sud dalla duna del Pyla e a nord dal Cap Ferret. La duna è imponente e ben visibile da gran parte dei comuni che si affacciano sul bacino: Arcachon, Lège-Cap-Ferret, Arès, Andernos-les-Bains, La Teste-de-Buch, Gujan-Mestras. Al centro del bacino si trova l'île aux oiseaux (isola degli uccelli): l'isola, che non ha corrente elettrica, ospita soltanto alcune palafitte e case in legno usate dagli ostricoltori. L'estensione dell'isola aumenta considerevolmente con la bassa marea.

Il bacino è inoltre alimentato di acqua dolce dal fiume Leyre, che è all'origine della sua formazione. Il bacino attira ogni estate un numero considerevole di turisti, che vi praticano la pesca e numerosi sport nautici. La principale attività del bacino (ed anche risorsa economica, assieme al turismo) è però l'ostricoltura: la presenza regolare della marea infatti permette di costruire delle strutture in cui coltivare le ostriche che, nel corso della giornata, vengono periodicamente sommerse dall'acqua. A sud-est del bacino vi è inoltre la riserva ornitologica del Teich, parco visitabile, che offre la possibilità di osservare da vicino, nel loro habitat naturale, una gran quantità di uccelli marini e non, stanziali e migratori.

 

Le bassin d’Arcachon (Laca d'Arcaishon en gascon) est une lagune mésotidale située dans les Landes de Gascogne, en Gironde, entre les villes de La Teste-de-Buch au sud, Lège-Cap-Ferret à l’ouest et le delta de la Leyre à l’est. Lui seul interrompt le cordon dunaire de 250 km de la Côte d’Argent, qui s'étend de l’estuaire de la Gironde au fleuve Adour. À la différence des grands lacs landais, il est largement ouvert sur l’océan Atlantique par l’intermédiaire des passes du bassin d’Arcachon et constitue une petite mer intérieure de 155 km² à marée haute et de 40 km² à marée basse. On y pratique l’ostréiculture, la pêche et la navigation de plaisance. Depuis le 8 juin 2014, il abrite le parc naturel marin du bassin d'Arcachon. Le bassin d'Arcachon fait partie du Pays de Buch, il est situé au cœur des Landes de Gascogne, à mi-chemin entre la pointe de Grave et Capbreton, au sud-ouest du département de la Gironde à une cinquantaine de kilomètres de Bordeaux. Le bassin est de forme triangulaire, délimité par plus de 80 km de côtes plates ou dunaires boisées. Le pourtour du bassin commence, dans le sens trigonométrique (antihoraire) au Pyla-sur-Mer puis remonte au nord vers Arcachon oblique à l'est puis au sud et à nouveau à l'est au niveau de La Teste-de-Buch. Il remonte au nord-ouest au niveau du delta de la Leyre puis à partir de Lège descend au sud-ouest jusqu'au Cap-Ferret, en face du Pyla-sur-Mer. Au centre du bassin se trouve « l'île aux oiseaux » et ses cabanes tchanquées. En plus de recevoir à La Hume de l'eau en provenance du lac de Cazaux (via le canal de Cazaux), à Lège celle venant du lac de Lacanau (via le canal des Étangs) et sur tout son pourtour des eaux de ruissellement via plusieurs ruisseaux ou quelques crastes, le Bassin est aussi alimenté en eau douce par l'Eyre. Ce petit fleuve côtier de 80 km de long, issu de la forêt des landes, est à l'origine de la formation du bassin d'Arcachon. En apportant un flux continu d'eau, il contribue à empêcher l'obstruction des passes par les sables venus de l'océan. L'ouverture sur l'océan Atlantique se fait par un accès unique, les « passes », un ensemble de chenaux d'environ trois kilomètres de large permettant la circulation de l'eau entre le bassin et l'océan. La force des courants de flux et de reflux rendent délicats les franchissements de ces passes, surtout aux marées de grands coefficients pour la navigation ; des accidents mortels de marins expérimentés sont régulièrement constatés. La localisation et la structure des passes suivent une évolution cyclique dont la période est d'environ 80 ans: les passes sont en fait deux chenaux grosso modo parallèles (la Passe sud et la Passe nord) dont le tracé se déplace en direction du sud-est (du Cap-Ferret vers la dune du Pilat). Quand la passe la plus au sud atteint la plage au pied de la dune, elle se rétrécit puis « disparait » alors qu'une nouvelle passe se forme vers le nord, du côté du Cap, transformant ainsi l'ancienne « Passe nord » en une nouvelle « Passe sud ». Le balisage (bouées de navigation) est sans cesse corrigé et les cartes marines nécessitent une mise à jour permanente. À la différence des grands lacs landais (Hourtin et Carcans, Lacanau, Cazaux et Sanguinet, Biscarosse et Parentis) cet écosystème original est largement ouvert sur le golfe de Gascogne et la marée fait pénétrer et sortir deux fois par jour des masses d'eau considérables. Le bassin est partiellement isolé de l'océan par un cordon dunaire comprenant notamment le Cap Ferret, la dune du Pilat et le banc d'Arguin (classé réserve naturelle). Des bancs de sable mobiles charriés par les courants marins en modifient sans cesse le tracé et favorisent les organismes aquatiques non fixés dans les passes et sur les bancs de sable qui évoluent au cours du temps particulièrement lors de fortes tempêtes mais aussi plus simplement et inexorablement sous l'effet des marées (environ 370 millions de mètres cubes d'eau sont échangés entre le bassin et l'océan chaque jour, à une vitesse moyenne d'environ 2 m/s, emportant le sable se trouvant sur les bords des passes) et du courant marin (longeant le littoral du nord vers le sud, il charrie environ 600 000 mètres cubes de sable par an). Localement les herbiers de zostères (Zostera noltii) accueillent, accueillaient ou pourraient accueillir une riche faune ou microflore épiphyte. Le en tant que vaste zone humide et pour son caractère original, ce bassin occupe une place importante dans la Trame verte et bleue nationale, mais le bon état écologique n'y est pas atteint. En particulier des algues vertes prolifèrent anormalement et les zostères, pour des raisons mal comprises et probablement multifactorielles y sont en forte régression ce qui est préoccupant car en tant qu'herbier aquatique elles fixent le fond et sont un abri et une source de nourriture pour un grand nombre d'autres espèces. L'azote et les pesticides agricoles et urbains apportés par les pluies et eaux de ruissellement10, ainsi que les biocides des antifoolings sont suspectés. Le bassin d'Arcachon jouit d'un climat doux avec un ensoleillement important tout au long de l'année (2100 heures en moyenne sur le bassin). Les hivers y sont pluvieux mais rarement rigoureux. Il neige toutefois une ou deux fois par an en général. En revanche, les tempêtes d'automne et d'hiver soufflent souvent avec force sur le bassin, rendant les passes impraticables. On a relevé plus de 170 km/h lors du passage des tempêtes Klaus en 2009 et Martin en 1999. Les étés y sont secs et chauds, et rarement caniculaires. La brise thermique se lève en effet souvent l'après-midi, les épisodes de fortes chaleurs ayant du mal à persister dans la durée. De violents orages venus du golfe de Gascogne touchent épisodiquement le bassin (juin 1987, juillet 2003, septembre 2004), occasionnant parfois d'importants dégâts. Les températures maximales moyennes varient de 11 ou 12 °C en hiver à 25 ou 26 °C l'été. La température de la mer dans le bassin est de 13 ou 14 °C alors qu'elle est en moyenne de 10 ou 11 °C dans l'océan en hiver. En été, le bassin se réchauffe pour atteindre jusqu'à 22 ou 23 °C alors qu'elle atteint 19 à 21 °C sur l'Atlantique.

 

Arcachon Bay (in French, the Bassin d'Arcachon, and known locally simply as "le Bassin") is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France, situated between the Côte d'Argent and the Côte des Landes, in the region of Aquitaine. The bay covers an area of 150 km² at high tide and 40 km² at low tide. Some of its geological features are natural preservation areas. The general shape of the Bassin d'Arcachon is that of an equilateral triangle pointing north, the southwest corner of which is open to the sea, between Cap Ferret and the town of Arcachon (more specifically, its suburb Pyla-sur-Mer), through a 3 km narrow channel (Les Passes). On the north shore is the town of Arès, then Andernos-les-Bains on the northeast. Just south of the entrance is The Great Dune of Pyla. Nearly in the middle of the bay is a very particular island: L'île aux Oiseaux (Isle of the Birds). The Bassin still has a link to the sea perhaps because of the Eyre river that runs from the Landes forest and has its mouth (Delta de l'Eyre) in its southeast corner. Otherwise the Bassin would have become blocked by the sandbanks built up by the tides. In the past, similar areas became lakes (called in French lacs or étangs) and are nowadays filled with fresh water. On the French Atlantic coast, running north-south between the Gironde estuary to the Adour river mouth, are the Lac d'Hourtin-Carcans, the Lac de Lacanau, the Étang de Cazaux et de Sanguinet, the Étang de Biscarrosse et de Parentis, the Étang d'Aureilhan, the Étang de Léon, the Étang de Soustons, the Étang Hardy, the Étang Blanc and the Étang de Garros. Arcachon Bay is the last water area that remains open to the ocean.

 

Utilising a vast array of spectacular special effects, including fountains, fireworks, HD pixel-mapping projections, fire, water screens, multi-coloured lasers and a bright "Second Star to the Right" atop Sleeping Beauty Castle itself, this new signature show for Disneyland Paris will be presented every single night.

 

As the Second Star to the Right shines brightly in the skies above, Peter Pan flies onto the scene with Wendy following close behind. "What a perfect night for dreaming!" he proclaims, calling out for Tinker Bell to help them fly off to the star with her special pixie dust. Suddenly, Peter Pan's shadow jumps free and runs across the façade of the castle, Pan chasing behind. He grabs a hold of his feet, but the shadow pulls away only to smash right into the star, knocking its light -- and its dreams -- out!

 

They pour out across the castle, engulfing Peter's shadow and leading him on an epic journey through the greatest Disney Dreams ever wished upon a star. He dances with Lumière to "Be Our Guest" from Beauty and the Beast, flies on a magic carpet with Genie from Aladdin for the spectacular "Friend Like Me", meets Remy from Ratatouille in Paris and dances across the chimney tops with Bert from Mary Poppins to "Step in Time". Quasimodo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, dreams of going "Out There" while Rapunzel dreams of seeing the mystical lights in "I See the Light" from Tangled.

 

Things turn sour as Dr Facilier from The Princess and Frog teaches Shadow a thing or two about be careful what you wish for. The tentacles of Ursula from The Little Mermaid twist and pull Peter's Shadow, before a fiery blast from the dragon of Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty erupts.

 

Finally, Captain Hook arrives on the scene, grabbing Shadow by his hook and turfing him into the waters where his ticking crocodile lies. Will Peter Pan be able to find Tinkerbell, save his Shadow and restore the magic to the Second Star to the Right, making it shine brightly in the night sky again, for dreamers around the world to wish upon?

 

Disney Dreams! at Disneyland Paris is an epic tale that teaches you: always believe in your dreams. Anyone can fly, and everyone can soar beyond the stars. If only you dream your dream.

 

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L’ATTELAGE A LA DAUMONT DE LA MAISON DE L’EMPEREUR VERS 1811

 

Il arrive que le couple impérial se déplace en calèche pour des sorties en ville, officielles ou d’agrément. L’iconographie montre des calèches à quatre ou cinq planches en vis-à-vis. De tels véhicules servent encore pour de court voyages, comme ceux à Vincennes ou à Fontainebleau, lorsque l’impératrice accompagne l’empereur à la chasse (1). On utilise alors l’attelage « à la Daumont » ( ou à la d’Aumont) parfois à deux chevaux, mais il s’impose à quatre chevaux lorsqu’il s’agit de prestige, ce qui est le plus souvent le cas pour les sorties impériales.

 

Quelques généralités sur les postillons de Daumont

 

Le postillon de Daumont, peu importe son employeur, porte une tenue typique que l’on verra encore pendant tout le XIX siècle sans modification aucune. Il coiffe une toque appelée « cape », porte une veste courte ou « casaque » (2) à ceinture de tissu, une culotte de peau très ajustée (3) , des bottes à revers et des gants ; ce long fouet qu’on voit sur nos illustrations est l’accessoire indispensable ; à cheval, le postillon le tient de la main droite, il s’en sert peu toutefois et guère autrement que pour le faire claquer à l’oreille du cheval.

 

Bien que diriger un tel attelage sans secousse demande une réelle habileté, il est de tradition que les postillons de Daumont soient très jeunes. Aussi, puisqu’il s’agit de gala et d’être en représentation, nul doute que ce sont les physiques les plus avantageux qui sont sélectionnés pour l’emploi.

Les postillons de la Maison de l’Empereur

 

La casaque de nos postillons est aux couleurs de la livrée de la Maison Impériale, vert et rouge à galons d’or, réparties comme le montre notre planche. Les épaules sont ornées de ce qui semble de petits nids d’hirondelles recouverts à franges d’or cousues dessus. La ceinture de tissu vert bordé d’or est sans doute fixée à demeure sur la casaque et doit s’agrafer sur le côté.

 

La cape, entièrement en feutre visière comprise, est pour sa moitié supérieure couverte d’un tissu d’or, lui-même couvert de brins d’or partant d’un bouton de tissu d’or au sommet. Ces brins, longs et nombreux, paraissent cousus sur le galon car l’iconographie montre bien leur répartition régulière et qu’ils ne sont pas libres. Les pantalons de peau couleur chamois ont toujours été un privilège sous l’’Empire et, comme pour les Chasseurs à Cheval de la Garde, ne peuvent se porter qu’en présence de l’empereur.

 

On lit que des postillons de Daumont pouvaient même être des garçons de 15 à 16 ans à peine, certains si petits qu’il fallait les placer sur leur cheval. S’il reste acquit que la petite taille était courante par tradition pour la fonction, la sélection se faisant sur les éventuels mêmes critères que les jockeys de nos jours, il est peu probable que les postillons de Daumont de l’équipage impérial soit de si jeunes gens – certes cavaliers-nés, fréquent à l’époque- ; pouvait-on confier la responsabilité et la sécurité des monarques à des enfants ?

 

Notes sur l’attelage à la Daumont

 

Il peut arriver que deux valets de pied destinés à faire le service des portes soient assis sur un siège à l’arrière, prévu à cet usage. Toutefois, dans les deux peintures qui nous ont servies pour cette courte étude, l’une de Sweibach, l’autre de Vernet, de tels personnages n’apparaissent pas.

Les chevaux doivent être les plus beaux et l’usage comme le luxe veulent que les quatre soient de même robe. Ils sont montrés gris pour l’attelage impérial par Swebach et Vernet.

C’est la paire de chevaux arrière qui tire la calèche, les chevaux de devant donnant la direction ; ils ne tireront qu’en cas de nécessité et sont placés assez loin des chevaux de l’arrière pour permettre un éventuel galop, les traits ne pouvant toutefois jamais être tendues.

1) Les dames chassaient rarement avec l’empereur, si elles le faisaient jamais. Toutefois, certaines chasses étant aussi des évènements mondains où les privilégiés et des hôtes de marque étaient conviés, l’impératrice accompagnée d’une petite suite suivait parfois en calèche.

2) le mot « casaque » depuis loin dans l’Ancien Régime, implique toujours une livrée domestique.

3) Dans les codes sociaux de l’époque, un pantalon ajusté à ce point sur les fesses si celles-ci n’étant pas couvertes par les basques d’un habit, était considérée comme indécent ; l’absence de basques d’ailleurs, même petites voire symboliques, étant indécente elle aussi. Il semble pourtant que tout cela soit accepté dans certains rares cas, dont celui des postillons de Daumont c’est l’évidence, peut être parce qu’il s’agissait de très jeunes gens… ou moins jeunes, mais considérés comme tels. La plupart de ces codes nous échappent aujourd’hui…

 

L'INCOLLO AL DAUMONT DELLA CASA DELL'IMPERATORE CIRCA 1811

 

A volte la coppia imperiale viaggia in carrozze trainate da cavalli per gite in città, ufficiali o di piacere. L'iconografia mostra carrozze con quattro o cinque assi una di fronte all'altra. Tali veicoli sono ancora utilizzati per brevi viaggi, come quelli di Vincennes o Fontainebleau, quando l'imperatrice accompagna l'imperatore nella caccia (1). Si usa poi l'accoppiata "à la Daumont" (o à la d'Aumont) a volte con due cavalli, ma è indispensabile con quattro cavalli quando si parla di prestigio, come spesso accade per le uscite imperiali.

  

Alcune generalità sui postiglioni di Daumont

 

Il postiglione di Daumont, indipendentemente dal suo datore di lavoro, indossa un abito tipico che vedremo ancora per tutto il XIX secolo senza alcuna modifica. Indossa un cappello chiamato “mantello”, indossa una giacca corta o “vestito” (2) con cintura in tessuto, calzoni di pelle attillati (3), stivali con polsini e guanti; questa lunga frusta che vediamo nelle nostre illustrazioni è l'accessorio indispensabile; a cavallo, il postiglione lo tiene nella mano destra, ma lo usa poco, però, e poco altro che per incastrarlo nell'orecchio del cavallo.

 

Sebbene guidare una squadra del genere senza strappi richieda abilità reali, è tradizione che i postiglioni di Daumont siano molto giovani. Inoltre, poiché si tratta di gala e di esibizione, non c'è dubbio che sia il fisico più vantaggioso ad essere selezionato per il lavoro.

I postiglioni della Casa dell'Imperatore

 

I mantelli dei nostri postiglioni sono nei colori della livrea della Casa Imperiale, verde e rossa con passamaneria dorata, distribuiti come da nostra tavola. Le spalle sono ornate da quelli che sembrano piccoli nidi di rondine ricoperti di frange dorate cucite sopra. La cintura di tessuto verde bordata d'oro è senza dubbio fissata in modo permanente all'abito e deve agganciarsi al fianco.

 

La mantella, realizzata interamente in feltro, compresa la visiera, è per la sua metà superiore rivestita da un tessuto dorato, a sua volta ricoperto da fili d'oro a partire da un bottone di tessuto dorato posto in alto. Questi fili, lunghi e numerosi, sembrano cuciti sulla treccia perché l'iconografia mostra chiaramente la loro distribuzione regolare e che non sono liberi. I pantaloni color camoscio sono sempre stati un privilegio sotto l'Impero e, come i Cacciatori di Cavalli della Guardia, possono essere indossati solo in presenza dell'Imperatore.

 

Leggiamo che i postiglioni di Daumont potevano essere anche ragazzi di 15-16 anni, alcuni così piccoli da dover essere messi sui loro cavalli. Se resta riconosciuto che la piccola taglia era comune per tradizione per la funzione, essendo la selezione fatta sugli stessi possibili criteri dei fantini dei nostri giorni, è improbabile che i postiglioni di Daumont dell'equipaggio imperiale siano di così giovani - cavalieri certamente nati, frequenti all'epoca -; si potrebbe affidare ai bambini la responsabilità e la sicurezza dei monarchi?

 

Note sull'intoppo di Daumont

 

Ci possono essere momenti in cui due valletti destinati a svolgere il servizio di gate sono seduti in un sedile posteriore previsto a tale scopo. Tuttavia, nei due dipinti che ci sono serviti per questo breve studio, uno di Sweibach, l'altro di Vernet, tali figure non compaiono.

I cavalli devono essere i più belli, e sia il lusso che la consuetudine richiedono che tutti e quattro siano nello stesso vestito. Sono mostrati in grigio per la squadra imperiale da Swebach e Vernet.

È la coppia di cavalli posteriori che tirano la carrozza, i cavalli anteriori che guidano la strada; tireranno solo quando necessario e sono posizionati abbastanza lontano dai cavalli posteriori per consentire un possibile galoppo, tuttavia il tiro non può mai essere teso.

1) Le dame raramente cacciavano con l'Imperatore, se mai lo facevano. Tuttavia, poiché alcune cacce erano anche eventi mondani a cui venivano invitati gli ospiti privilegiati e illustri, l'imperatrice accompagnata da un piccolo seguito a volte seguiva una carrozza trainata da cavalli.

2) la parola "casaque" di molto tempo fa nell'Ancien Régime, implica ancora una livrea domestica.

3) Nei codici sociali dell'epoca, i pantaloni che calzavano così stretti sui glutei se i glutei non erano coperti dai baschi di un cappotto, erano considerati indecenti; anche l'assenza dei baschi, per quanto piccola o addirittura simbolica, è indecente. Sembra però che tutto questo sia accettato in certi rari casi, compreso quello dei postiglioni di Daumont è ovvio, forse perché erano giovanissimi... o meno giovani, ma considerati tali. La maggior parte di questi codici ci sfuggono oggi...

Usually utilised on the Cambrdge Busway by Fenstanton , MCV eVoRa bodied Volvo B8RLE 21366 BU69XXD departs from Milton Keynes Coachway with an X5 from Oxford to Bedford, whilst on Loan to Bedford as cover whilst protection screens are fitted to the fleet of Plaxton Elite bodied Volvo B11R(T)'s usually employed on the route

 

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Senza ombra di dubbio è un posto da visitare e che non dimenticherete. Il buio e il suono dei tamburi nella notte, i fumi delle bancarelle che vendono cibo, i fuochi, la varietà di persone che lo popola sono un ricordo vivido nella mia mente. Jemaa el Fna è la piazza al centro della quale si sviluppa la città vecchia di Marrakech. È circondata a nord dal souk, a est dalla Kasbah. Patrimonio orale dell'umanità Unesco è trafficatissima giorno e notte: tanti i turisti, ma la massima parte delle persone che la popolano sono marocchini. È sede di bancarelle che vendono diversi genere di merci (dalla frutta, alle spremute, alle stoffe, a oggetti usati contro le malattie). La mattina è dominata da incantatori di serpenti, acquaioli, decoratrici con l'hennè. Ma fate attenzione perché tutto ha un prezzo. La foto scattata con la scimmia o con il cobra che vi saranno messi in testa o il ritratto dell'acquaiolo (non bevete l'acqua se ci tenete allo stomaco, però) andranno remunerati e vi conviene contrattare il prezzo prima per evitare sgraditissime sorprese. La sera a dominare la piazza buia sono invece concerti, cantastorie e le decine di affollatissime bancarelle dedicate al cibo e che offrono in particolare economici brochettes (spiedini di carne o pesce), con i fumi delle grigliate che si elevano sopra la piazza illuminati dalle luci. Uno stand vale l'altro e mangiarci è un'esperienza da fare.

La Piazza Jema El-Fna è uno dei punti di ritrovo principali di Marrakech. Nel 2001 l'Unesco l'ha denominata Patrimonio Orale e Immateriale dell'Umanità. È situata a lato dei vari suk e a partire dalle ore 17.00 si riempie di venditori di succhi di frutta naturali, frutta secca, donne che dipingono il corpo con l'hennè, incantatori di serpenti, musici, venditori ambulanti, tassisti, veggenti, turisti e addirittura dentisti! Inoltre è circondata da piccole moschee e la chiamata alla preghiera diventa un vero spettacolo. I caffè più famosi della città si trovano proprio qui: Il Café De France, l'Argana... Tutti hanno terrazze in cui sedersi per sorseggiare tè alla menta o cenare con vista sulla piazza. A ora di cena,in particolare durante il tramonto, vengono improvvisati punti di ristoro che propongono pietanze di carne, pesce o cuscus.

La Piazza Jemaa el Fna è la piazza centrale di Marrakech, luogo dichiarato dall'UNESCO "di tradizione orale". Qui si recano gli "Gnaouas", un gruppo di musicisti locali, a suonare musica e percussioni, accompagnati da incantatori di serpenti o di scimmie. Si raccontano storie, si balla, si mangia fino a tarda ora. Durante il giorno la piazza, che si trova accanto alla Kutubia, è quasi vuota a causa del gran caldo. Nel pomeriggio iniziano ad apparire i primi tavoli e le prime sedie, assieme ai venditori di cibo e a coloro che preparano carne alla griglia e cous-cous. Durante il giorno si può prendere un succo d'arancia, spremuto all'istante, accompagnato da datteri e dolci tipici. Il momento migliore rimane il tardo pomeriggio, quando la piazza si riempie di gente del posto, persone arrivate dal deserto per vendere tessuti o animali magici in grado di curare qualsiasi malanno, famiglie che vengono a mangiare.

 

Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and market place in Marrakesh's medina quarter (old city). The origin of its name is unclear: Jemaa means "congregational mosque" in Arabic, probably referring to a destroyed Almoravid mosque. "Fanâʼ" or "finâ'" can mean "death" or "a courtyard, space in front of a building." Thus, one meaning could be "The mosque or assembly of death," or "The Mosque at the End of the World". A more likely explanation is that it refers to a mosque with a distinctive courtyard or square in front of it. Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids 1070-1072. After a destructive struggle, it was falling to the Almohads in 1147. Following this, Jamaa el Fna was renovated along with much of the city. The city walls were also extended by Abou Yacoub Youssef and particularly by Yacoub el Mansour 1147-1158. The surrounding mosque, palace, hospital, parade ground and gardens around the edges of the marketplace were also overhauled, and the Kasbah was fortified. Subsequently, with the fortunes of the city, Jamaa el Fna saw periods of decline and also renewal. The place remains the main square of Marrakesh, used by locals and tourists. During the day it is predominantly occupied by orange juice stalls, youths with chained Barbary apes, water sellers in colourful costumes with traditional leather water-bags and brass cups, and snake charmers who will pose for photographs for tourists. As the day progresses, the entertainment on offer changes: the snake charmers depart, and late in the day the square becomes more crowded, with Chleuh dancing-boys (it would be against custom for girls to provide such entertainment), story-tellers (telling their tales in Berber or Arabic, to an audience of appreciative locals), magicians, and peddlers of traditional medicines. As darkness falls, the square fills with dozens of food-stalls as the number of people on the square peaks. The square is edged along one side by the Marrakesh souk, a traditional North African market catering both for the common daily needs of the locals, and for the tourist trade. On other sides are hotels and gardens and cafe terraces offering an escape from the noise and confusion of the square. Once a bus station, the place was closed to vehicle traffic in the early 2000s. The authorities are well aware of its importance to the tourist trade, and a strong but discreet police presence ensures the safety of visitors. The idea of the UNESCO project Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity came from people concerned about the Jamaa el Fna. The place is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures. In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level, to recognize the need for the protection of such places - termed "cultural spaces" - and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression. UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage. The UNESCO label aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity. The spectacle of Jamaa el Fna is repeated daily and each day it is different. Everything changes - voices, sounds, gestures, the public which sees, listens, smells, tastes, touches. The oral tradition is framed by one much vaster - that we can call intangible. The Square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition.

 

Jamaâ El Fna (en arabe : جامع الفناء, littéralement en français: "assemblée des trépassés" est une place située à Marrakech à côté de la mosquée Koutoubia. Ce haut-lieu touristique attire sans cesse plus d'un million de visiteurs venus pour assister aux spectacles animés par les charmeurs de serpents, les dresseurs de singes, les conteurs, les musiciens et d’autres artistes populaires, jeux, dessin au henné, etc... du début de soirée jusqu'à l'appel de la prière de l'aube. L'espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna a été inscrit par l’UNESCO en 2001 en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité. Elle se distingue aussi par des orateurs qui racontent des histoires ou vantent les mérites de produits magiques. Son nom de "assemblée des trépassés" vient du fait qu'elle servait autrefois à l'exposition, sur ordre du Sultan, des têtes des condamnés à mort qui venaient d'être exécutés. Certains jours, on pouvait ainsi compter jusqu'à quarante-cinq têtes. Elle est le théâtre d'une explosion meurtrière le 28 avril 20113. L’attentat, provoqué par une bombe actionnée à distance dont l'auteur présumé a été arrêté le 5 mai 2011, a fait 17 morts dont 8 français.