Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire (see also mural).

 

Graffiti is a controversial subject. In most countries, marking or painting property without permission is considered by property owners and civic authorities as defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime, citing the use of graffiti by street gangs to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Graffiti has become visualized as a growing urban "problem" for many cities in industrialized nations, spreading from the New York City subway system and Philadelphia in the early 1970s to the rest of the United States and Europe and other world regions

 

"Graffiti" (usually both singular and plural) and the rare singular form "graffito" are from the Italian word graffiato ("scratched"). The term "graffiti" is used in art history for works of art produced by scratching a design into a surface. A related term is "sgraffito", which involves scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another beneath it. This technique was primarily used by potters who would glaze their wares and then scratch a design into them. In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp object, although sometimes chalk or coal were used. The word originates from Greek γράφειν—graphein—meaning "to write".

 

The term graffiti originally referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, as in the Catacombs of Rome or at Pompeii. Historically, these writings were not considered vanadlism, which today is considered part of the definition of graffiti.

 

The only known source of the Safaitic language, an ancient form of Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.

 

Some of the oldest cave paintings in the world are 40,000 year old ones found in Australia. The oldest written graffiti was found in ancient Rome around 2500 years ago. Most graffiti from the time was boasts about sexual experiences Graffiti in Ancient Rome was a form of communication, and was not considered vandalism.

 

Ancient tourists visiting the 5th-century citadel at Sigiriya in Sri Lanka write their names and commentary over the "mirror wall", adding up to over 1800 individual graffiti produced there between the 6th and 18th centuries. Most of the graffiti refer to the frescoes of semi-nude females found there. One reads:

 

Wet with cool dew drops

fragrant with perfume from the flowers

came the gentle breeze

jasmine and water lily

dance in the spring sunshine

side-long glances

of the golden-hued ladies

stab into my thoughts

heaven itself cannot take my mind

as it has been captivated by one lass

among the five hundred I have seen here.

 

Among the ancient political graffiti examples were Arab satirist poems. Yazid al-Himyari, an Umayyad Arab and Persian poet, was most known for writing his political poetry on the walls between Sajistan and Basra, manifesting a strong hatred towards the Umayyad regime and its walis, and people used to read and circulate them very widely.

 

Graffiti, known as Tacherons, were frequently scratched on Romanesque Scandinavian church walls. When Renaissance artists such as Pinturicchio, Raphael, Michelangelo, Ghirlandaio, or Filippino Lippi descended into the ruins of Nero's Domus Aurea, they carved or painted their names and returned to initiate the grottesche style of decoration.

 

There are also examples of graffiti occurring in American history, such as Independence Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.

 

Later, French soldiers carved their names on monuments during the Napoleonic campaign of Egypt in the 1790s. Lord Byron's survives on one of the columns of the Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion in Attica, Greece.

 

The oldest known example of graffiti "monikers" found on traincars created by hobos and railworkers since the late 1800s. The Bozo Texino monikers were documented by filmmaker Bill Daniel in his 2005 film, Who is Bozo Texino?.

 

In World War II, an inscription on a wall at the fortress of Verdun was seen as an illustration of the US response twice in a generation to the wrongs of the Old World:

 

During World War II and for decades after, the phrase "Kilroy was here" with an accompanying illustration was widespread throughout the world, due to its use by American troops and ultimately filtering into American popular culture. Shortly after the death of Charlie Parker (nicknamed "Yardbird" or "Bird"), graffiti began appearing around New York with the words "Bird Lives".

 

Modern graffiti art has its origins with young people in 1960s and 70s in New York City and Philadelphia. Tags were the first form of stylised contemporary graffiti. Eventually, throw-ups and pieces evolved with the desire to create larger art. Writers used spray paint and other kind of materials to leave tags or to create images on the sides subway trains. and eventually moved into the city after the NYC metro began to buy new trains and paint over graffiti.

 

While the art had many advocates and appreciators—including the cultural critic Norman Mailer—others, including New York City mayor Ed Koch, considered it to be defacement of public property, and saw it as a form of public blight. The ‘taggers’ called what they did ‘writing’—though an important 1974 essay by Mailer referred to it using the term ‘graffiti.’

 

Contemporary graffiti style has been heavily influenced by hip hop culture and the myriad international styles derived from Philadelphia and New York City Subway graffiti; however, there are many other traditions of notable graffiti in the twentieth century. Graffiti have long appeared on building walls, in latrines, railroad boxcars, subways, and bridges.

 

An early graffito outside of New York or Philadelphia was the inscription in London reading "Clapton is God" in reference to the guitarist Eric Clapton. Creating the cult of the guitar hero, the phrase was spray-painted by an admirer on a wall in an Islington, north London in the autumn of 1967. The graffito was captured in a photograph, in which a dog is urinating on the wall.

 

Films like Style Wars in the 80s depicting famous writers such as Skeme, Dondi, MinOne, and ZEPHYR reinforced graffiti's role within New York's emerging hip-hop culture. Although many officers of the New York City Police Department found this film to be controversial, Style Wars is still recognized as the most prolific film representation of what was going on within the young hip hop culture of the early 1980s. Fab 5 Freddy and Futura 2000 took hip hop graffiti to Paris and London as part of the New York City Rap Tour in 1983

 

Commercialization and entrance into mainstream pop culture

Main article: Commercial graffiti

With the popularity and legitimization of graffiti has come a level of commercialization. In 2001, computer giant IBM launched an advertising campaign in Chicago and San Francisco which involved people spray painting on sidewalks a peace symbol, a heart, and a penguin (Linux mascot), to represent "Peace, Love, and Linux." IBM paid Chicago and San Francisco collectively US$120,000 for punitive damages and clean-up costs.

 

In 2005, a similar ad campaign was launched by Sony and executed by its advertising agency in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Miami, to market its handheld PSP gaming system. In this campaign, taking notice of the legal problems of the IBM campaign, Sony paid building owners for the rights to paint on their buildings "a collection of dizzy-eyed urban kids playing with the PSP as if it were a skateboard, a paddle, or a rocking horse".

 

Tristan Manco wrote that Brazil "boasts a unique and particularly rich, graffiti scene ... [earning] it an international reputation as the place to go for artistic inspiration". Graffiti "flourishes in every conceivable space in Brazil's cities". Artistic parallels "are often drawn between the energy of São Paulo today and 1970s New York". The "sprawling metropolis", of São Paulo has "become the new shrine to graffiti"; Manco alludes to "poverty and unemployment ... [and] the epic struggles and conditions of the country's marginalised peoples", and to "Brazil's chronic poverty", as the main engines that "have fuelled a vibrant graffiti culture". In world terms, Brazil has "one of the most uneven distributions of income. Laws and taxes change frequently". Such factors, Manco argues, contribute to a very fluid society, riven with those economic divisions and social tensions that underpin and feed the "folkloric vandalism and an urban sport for the disenfranchised", that is South American graffiti art.

 

Prominent Brazilian writers include Os Gêmeos, Boleta, Nunca, Nina, Speto, Tikka, and T.Freak. Their artistic success and involvement in commercial design ventures has highlighted divisions within the Brazilian graffiti community between adherents of the cruder transgressive form of pichação and the more conventionally artistic values of the practitioners of grafite.

 

Graffiti in the Middle East has emerged slowly, with taggers operating in Egypt, Lebanon, the Gulf countries like Bahrain or the United Arab Emirates, Israel, and in Iran. The major Iranian newspaper Hamshahri has published two articles on illegal writers in the city with photographic coverage of Iranian artist A1one's works on Tehran walls. Tokyo-based design magazine, PingMag, has interviewed A1one and featured photographs of his work. The Israeli West Bank barrier has become a site for graffiti, reminiscent in this sense of the Berlin Wall. Many writers in Israel come from other places around the globe, such as JUIF from Los Angeles and DEVIONE from London. The religious reference "נ נח נחמ נחמן מאומן" ("Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman") is commonly seen in graffiti around Israel.

 

Graffiti has played an important role within the street art scene in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), especially following the events of the Arab Spring of 2011 or the Sudanese Revolution of 2018/19. Graffiti is a tool of expression in the context of conflict in the region, allowing people to raise their voices politically and socially. Famous street artist Banksy has had an important effect in the street art scene in the MENA area, especially in Palestine where some of his works are located in the West Bank barrier and Bethlehem.

 

There are also a large number of graffiti influences in Southeast Asian countries that mostly come from modern Western culture, such as Malaysia, where graffiti have long been a common sight in Malaysia's capital city, Kuala Lumpur. Since 2010, the country has begun hosting a street festival to encourage all generations and people from all walks of life to enjoy and encourage Malaysian street culture.

 

The modern-day graffitists can be found with an arsenal of various materials that allow for a successful production of a piece. This includes such techniques as scribing. However, spray paint in aerosol cans is the number one medium for graffiti. From this commodity comes different styles, technique, and abilities to form master works of graffiti. Spray paint can be found at hardware and art stores and comes in virtually every color.

 

Stencil graffiti is created by cutting out shapes and designs in a stiff material (such as cardboard or subject folders) to form an overall design or image. The stencil is then placed on the "canvas" gently and with quick, easy strokes of the aerosol can, the image begins to appear on the intended surface.

 

Some of the first examples were created in 1981 by artists Blek le Rat in Paris, in 1982 by Jef Aerosol in Tours (France); by 1985 stencils had appeared in other cities including New York City, Sydney, and Melbourne, where they were documented by American photographer Charles Gatewood and Australian photographer Rennie Ellis

 

Tagging is the practice of someone spray-painting "their name, initial or logo onto a public surface" in a handstyle unique to the writer. Tags were the first form of modern graffiti.

 

Modern graffiti art often incorporates additional arts and technologies. For example, Graffiti Research Lab has encouraged the use of projected images and magnetic light-emitting diodes (throwies) as new media for graffitists. yarnbombing is another recent form of graffiti. Yarnbombers occasionally target previous graffiti for modification, which had been avoided among the majority of graffitists.

 

Theories on the use of graffiti by avant-garde artists have a history dating back at least to the Asger Jorn, who in 1962 painting declared in a graffiti-like gesture "the avant-garde won't give up"

 

Many contemporary analysts and even art critics have begun to see artistic value in some graffiti and to recognize it as a form of public art. According to many art researchers, particularly in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles, that type of public art is, in fact an effective tool of social emancipation or, in the achievement of a political goal

 

In times of conflict, such murals have offered a means of communication and self-expression for members of these socially, ethnically, or racially divided communities, and have proven themselves as effective tools in establishing dialog and thus, of addressing cleavages in the long run. The Berlin Wall was also extensively covered by graffiti reflecting social pressures relating to the oppressive Soviet rule over the GDR.

 

Many artists involved with graffiti are also concerned with the similar activity of stenciling. Essentially, this entails stenciling a print of one or more colors using spray-paint. Recognized while exhibiting and publishing several of her coloured stencils and paintings portraying the Sri Lankan Civil War and urban Britain in the early 2000s, graffitists Mathangi Arulpragasam, aka M.I.A., has also become known for integrating her imagery of political violence into her music videos for singles "Galang" and "Bucky Done Gun", and her cover art. Stickers of her artwork also often appear around places such as London in Brick Lane, stuck to lamp posts and street signs, she having become a muse for other graffitists and painters worldwide in cities including Seville.

 

Graffitist believes that art should be on display for everyone in the public eye or in plain sight, not hidden away in a museum or a gallery. Art should color the streets, not the inside of some building. Graffiti is a form of art that cannot be owned or bought. It does not last forever, it is temporary, yet one of a kind. It is a form of self promotion for the artist that can be displayed anywhere form sidewalks, roofs, subways, building wall, etc. Art to them is for everyone and should be showed to everyone for free.

 

Graffiti is a way of communicating and a way of expressing what one feels in the moment. It is both art and a functional thing that can warn people of something or inform people of something. However, graffiti is to some people a form of art, but to some a form of vandalism. And many graffitists choose to protect their identities and remain anonymous or to hinder prosecution.

 

With the commercialization of graffiti (and hip hop in general), in most cases, even with legally painted "graffiti" art, graffitists tend to choose anonymity. This may be attributed to various reasons or a combination of reasons. Graffiti still remains the one of four hip hop elements that is not considered "performance art" despite the image of the "singing and dancing star" that sells hip hop culture to the mainstream. Being a graphic form of art, it might also be said that many graffitists still fall in the category of the introverted archetypal artist.

 

Banksy is one of the world's most notorious and popular street artists who continues to remain faceless in today's society. He is known for his political, anti-war stencil art mainly in Bristol, England, but his work may be seen anywhere from Los Angeles to Palestine. In the UK, Banksy is the most recognizable icon for this cultural artistic movement and keeps his identity a secret to avoid arrest. Much of Banksy's artwork may be seen around the streets of London and surrounding suburbs, although he has painted pictures throughout the world, including the Middle East, where he has painted on Israel's controversial West Bank barrier with satirical images of life on the other side. One depicted a hole in the wall with an idyllic beach, while another shows a mountain landscape on the other side. A number of exhibitions also have taken place since 2000, and recent works of art have fetched vast sums of money. Banksy's art is a prime example of the classic controversy: vandalism vs. art. Art supporters endorse his work distributed in urban areas as pieces of art and some councils, such as Bristol and Islington, have officially protected them, while officials of other areas have deemed his work to be vandalism and have removed it.

 

Pixnit is another artist who chooses to keep her identity from the general public. Her work focuses on beauty and design aspects of graffiti as opposed to Banksy's anti-government shock value. Her paintings are often of flower designs above shops and stores in her local urban area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some store owners endorse her work and encourage others to do similar work as well. "One of the pieces was left up above Steve's Kitchen, because it looks pretty awesome"- Erin Scott, the manager of New England Comics in Allston, Massachusetts.

 

Graffiti artists may become offended if photographs of their art are published in a commercial context without their permission. In March 2020, the Finnish graffiti artist Psyke expressed his displeasure at the newspaper Ilta-Sanomat publishing a photograph of a Peugeot 208 in an article about new cars, with his graffiti prominently shown on the background. The artist claims he does not want his art being used in commercial context, not even if he were to receive compensation.

 

Territorial graffiti marks urban neighborhoods with tags and logos to differentiate certain groups from others. These images are meant to show outsiders a stern look at whose turf is whose. The subject matter of gang-related graffiti consists of cryptic symbols and initials strictly fashioned with unique calligraphies. Gang members use graffiti to designate membership throughout the gang, to differentiate rivals and associates and, most commonly, to mark borders which are both territorial and ideological.

 

Graffiti has been used as a means of advertising both legally and illegally. Bronx-based TATS CRU has made a name for themselves doing legal advertising campaigns for companies such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Toyota, and MTV. In the UK, Covent Garden's Boxfresh used stencil images of a Zapatista revolutionary in the hopes that cross referencing would promote their store.

 

Smirnoff hired artists to use reverse graffiti (the use of high pressure hoses to clean dirty surfaces to leave a clean image in the surrounding dirt) to increase awareness of their product.

 

Graffiti often has a reputation as part of a subculture that rebels against authority, although the considerations of the practitioners often diverge and can relate to a wide range of attitudes. It can express a political practice and can form just one tool in an array of resistance techniques. One early example includes the anarcho-punk band Crass, who conducted a campaign of stenciling anti-war, anarchist, feminist, and anti-consumerist messages throughout the London Underground system during the late 1970s and early 1980s. In Amsterdam graffiti was a major part of the punk scene. The city was covered with names such as "De Zoot", "Vendex", and "Dr Rat". To document the graffiti a punk magazine was started that was called Gallery Anus. So when hip hop came to Europe in the early 1980s there was already a vibrant graffiti culture.

 

The student protests and general strike of May 1968 saw Paris bedecked in revolutionary, anarchistic, and situationist slogans such as L'ennui est contre-révolutionnaire ("Boredom is counterrevolutionary") and Lisez moins, vivez plus ("Read less, live more"). While not exhaustive, the graffiti gave a sense of the 'millenarian' and rebellious spirit, tempered with a good deal of verbal wit, of the strikers.

 

I think graffiti writing is a way of defining what our generation is like. Excuse the French, we're not a bunch of p---- artists. Traditionally artists have been considered soft and mellow people, a little bit kooky. Maybe we're a little bit more like pirates that way. We defend our territory, whatever space we steal to paint on, we defend it fiercely.

 

The developments of graffiti art which took place in art galleries and colleges as well as "on the street" or "underground", contributed to the resurfacing in the 1990s of a far more overtly politicized art form in the subvertising, culture jamming, or tactical media movements. These movements or styles tend to classify the artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, since, in most countries, graffiti art remains illegal in many forms except when using non-permanent paint. Since the 1990s with the rise of Street Art, a growing number of artists are switching to non-permanent paints and non-traditional forms of painting.

 

Contemporary practitioners, accordingly, have varied and often conflicting practices. Some individuals, such as Alexander Brener, have used the medium to politicize other art forms, and have used the prison sentences enforced on them as a means of further protest. The practices of anonymous groups and individuals also vary widely, and practitioners by no means always agree with each other's practices. For example, the anti-capitalist art group the Space Hijackers did a piece in 2004 about the contradiction between the capitalistic elements of Banksy and his use of political imagery.

 

Berlin human rights activist Irmela Mensah-Schramm has received global media attention and numerous awards for her 35-year campaign of effacing neo-Nazi and other right-wing extremist graffiti throughout Germany, often by altering hate speech in humorous ways.

 

In Serbian capital, Belgrade, the graffiti depicting a uniformed former general of Serb army and war criminal, convicted at ICTY for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bosnian War, Ratko Mladić, appeared in a military salute alongside the words "General, thank to your mother". Aleks Eror, Berlin-based journalist, explains how "veneration of historical and wartime figures" through street art is not a new phenomenon in the region of former Yugoslavia, and that "in most cases is firmly focused on the future, rather than retelling the past". Eror is not only analyst pointing to danger of such an expressions for the region's future. In a long expose on the subject of Bosnian genocide denial, at Balkan Diskurs magazine and multimedia platform website, Kristina Gadže and Taylor Whitsell referred to these experiences as a young generations' "cultural heritage", in which young are being exposed to celebration and affirmation of war-criminals as part of their "formal education" and "inheritance".

 

There are numerous examples of genocide denial through celebration and affirmation of war criminals throughout the region of Western Balkans inhabited by Serbs using this form of artistic expression. Several more of these graffiti are found in Serbian capital, and many more across Serbia and Bosnian and Herzegovinian administrative entity, Republika Srpska, which is the ethnic Serbian majority enclave. Critics point that Serbia as a state, is willing to defend the mural of convicted war criminal, and have no intention to react on cases of genocide denial, noting that Interior Minister of Serbia, Aleksandar Vulin decision to ban any gathering with an intent to remove the mural, with the deployment of riot police, sends the message of "tacit endorsement". Consequently, on 9 November 2021, Serbian heavy police in riot gear, with graffiti creators and their supporters, blocked the access to the mural to prevent human rights groups and other activists to paint over it and mark the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism in that way, and even arrested two civic activist for throwing eggs at the graffiti.

 

Graffiti may also be used as an offensive expression. This form of graffiti may be difficult to identify, as it is mostly removed by the local authority (as councils which have adopted strategies of criminalization also strive to remove graffiti quickly). Therefore, existing racist graffiti is mostly more subtle and at first sight, not easily recognized as "racist". It can then be understood only if one knows the relevant "local code" (social, historical, political, temporal, and spatial), which is seen as heteroglot and thus a 'unique set of conditions' in a cultural context.

 

A spatial code for example, could be that there is a certain youth group in an area that is engaging heavily in racist activities. So, for residents (knowing the local code), a graffiti containing only the name or abbreviation of this gang already is a racist expression, reminding the offended people of their gang activities. Also a graffiti is in most cases, the herald of more serious criminal activity to come. A person who does not know these gang activities would not be able to recognize the meaning of this graffiti. Also if a tag of this youth group or gang is placed on a building occupied by asylum seekers, for example, its racist character is even stronger.

By making the graffiti less explicit (as adapted to social and legal constraints), these drawings are less likely to be removed, but do not lose their threatening and offensive character.

 

Elsewhere, activists in Russia have used painted caricatures of local officials with their mouths as potholes, to show their anger about the poor state of the roads. In Manchester, England, a graffitists painted obscene images around potholes, which often resulted in them being repaired within 48 hours.

 

In the early 1980s, the first art galleries to show graffitists to the public were Fashion Moda in the Bronx, Now Gallery and Fun Gallery, both in the East Village, Manhattan.

 

A 2006 exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum displayed graffiti as an art form that began in New York's outer boroughs and reached great heights in the early 1980s with the work of Crash, Lee, Daze, Keith Haring, and Jean-Michel Basquiat. It displayed 22 works by New York graffitists, including Crash, Daze, and Lady Pink. In an article about the exhibition in the magazine Time Out, curator Charlotta Kotik said that she hoped the exhibition would cause viewers to rethink their assumptions about graffiti.

 

From the 1970s onwards, Burhan Doğançay photographed urban walls all over the world; these he then archived for use as sources of inspiration for his painterly works. The project today known as "Walls of the World" grew beyond even his own expectations and comprises about 30,000 individual images. It spans a period of 40 years across five continents and 114 countries. In 1982, photographs from this project comprised a one-man exhibition titled "Les murs murmurent, ils crient, ils chantent ..." (The walls whisper, shout and sing ...) at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.

 

In Australia, art historians have judged some local graffiti of sufficient creative merit to rank them firmly within the arts. Oxford University Press's art history text Australian Painting 1788–2000 concludes with a long discussion of graffiti's key place within contemporary visual culture, including the work of several Australian practitioners.

 

Between March and April 2009, 150 artists exhibited 300 pieces of graffiti at the Grand Palais in Paris.

 

Spray paint has many negative environmental effects. The paint contains toxic chemicals, and the can uses volatile hydrocarbon gases to spray the paint onto a surface.

 

Volatile organic compound (VOC) leads to ground level ozone formation and most of graffiti related emissions are VOCs. A 2010 paper estimates 4,862 tons of VOCs were released in the United States in activities related to graffiti.

  

In China, Mao Zedong in the 1920s used revolutionary slogans and paintings in public places to galvanize the country's communist movement.

 

Based on different national conditions, many people believe that China's attitude towards Graffiti is fierce, but in fact, according to Lance Crayon in his film Spray Paint Beijing: Graffiti in the Capital of China, Graffiti is generally accepted in Beijing, with artists not seeing much police interference. Political and religiously sensitive graffiti, however, is not allowed.

 

In Hong Kong, Tsang Tsou Choi was known as the King of Kowloon for his calligraphy graffiti over many years, in which he claimed ownership of the area. Now some of his work is preserved officially.

 

In Taiwan, the government has made some concessions to graffitists. Since 2005 they have been allowed to freely display their work along some sections of riverside retaining walls in designated "Graffiti Zones". From 2007, Taipei's department of cultural affairs also began permitting graffiti on fences around major public construction sites. Department head Yong-ping Lee (李永萍) stated, "We will promote graffiti starting with the public sector, and then later in the private sector too. It's our goal to beautify the city with graffiti". The government later helped organize a graffiti contest in Ximending, a popular shopping district. graffitists caught working outside of these designated areas still face fines up to NT$6,000 under a department of environmental protection regulation. However, Taiwanese authorities can be relatively lenient, one veteran police officer stating anonymously, "Unless someone complains about vandalism, we won't get involved. We don't go after it proactively."

 

In 1993, after several expensive cars in Singapore were spray-painted, the police arrested a student from the Singapore American School, Michael P. Fay, questioned him, and subsequently charged him with vandalism. Fay pleaded guilty to vandalizing a car in addition to stealing road signs. Under the 1966 Vandalism Act of Singapore, originally passed to curb the spread of communist graffiti in Singapore, the court sentenced him to four months in jail, a fine of S$3,500 (US$2,233), and a caning. The New York Times ran several editorials and op-eds that condemned the punishment and called on the American public to flood the Singaporean embassy with protests. Although the Singapore government received many calls for clemency, Fay's caning took place in Singapore on 5 May 1994. Fay had originally received a sentence of six strokes of the cane, but the presiding president of Singapore, Ong Teng Cheong, agreed to reduce his caning sentence to four lashes.

 

In South Korea, Park Jung-soo was fined two million South Korean won by the Seoul Central District Court for spray-painting a rat on posters of the G-20 Summit a few days before the event in November 2011. Park alleged that the initial in "G-20" sounds like the Korean word for "rat", but Korean government prosecutors alleged that Park was making a derogatory statement about the president of South Korea, Lee Myung-bak, the host of the summit. This case led to public outcry and debate on the lack of government tolerance and in support of freedom of expression. The court ruled that the painting, "an ominous creature like a rat" amounts to "an organized criminal activity" and upheld the fine while denying the prosecution's request for imprisonment for Park.

 

In Europe, community cleaning squads have responded to graffiti, in some cases with reckless abandon, as when in 1992 in France a local Scout group, attempting to remove modern graffiti, damaged two prehistoric paintings of bison in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel in Tarn-et-Garonne, earning them the 1992 Ig Nobel Prize in archeology.

 

In September 2006, the European Parliament directed the European Commission to create urban environment policies to prevent and eliminate dirt, litter, graffiti, animal excrement, and excessive noise from domestic and vehicular music systems in European cities, along with other concerns over urban life.

 

In Budapest, Hungary, both a city-backed movement called I Love Budapest and a special police division tackle the problem, including the provision of approved areas.

 

The Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 became Britain's latest anti-graffiti legislation. In August 2004, the Keep Britain Tidy campaign issued a press release calling for zero tolerance of graffiti and supporting proposals such as issuing "on the spot" fines to graffiti offenders and banning the sale of aerosol paint to anyone under the age of 16. The press release also condemned the use of graffiti images in advertising and in music videos, arguing that real-world experience of graffiti stood far removed from its often-portrayed "cool" or "edgy'" image.

 

To back the campaign, 123 Members of Parliament (MPs) (including then Prime Minister Tony Blair), signed a charter which stated: "Graffiti is not art, it's crime. On behalf of my constituents, I will do all I can to rid our community of this problem."

 

In the UK, city councils have the power to take action against the owner of any property that has been defaced under the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 (as amended by the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005) or, in certain cases, the Highways Act. This is often used against owners of property that are complacent in allowing protective boards to be defaced so long as the property is not damaged.

 

In July 2008, a conspiracy charge was used to convict graffitists for the first time. After a three-month police surveillance operation, nine members of the DPM crew were convicted of conspiracy to commit criminal damage costing at least £1 million. Five of them received prison sentences, ranging from eighteen months to two years. The unprecedented scale of the investigation and the severity of the sentences rekindled public debate over whether graffiti should be considered art or crime.

 

Some councils, like those of Stroud and Loerrach, provide approved areas in the town where graffitists can showcase their talents, including underpasses, car parks, and walls that might otherwise prove a target for the "spray and run".

 

Graffiti Tunnel, University of Sydney at Camperdown (2009)

In an effort to reduce vandalism, many cities in Australia have designated walls or areas exclusively for use by graffitists. One early example is the "Graffiti Tunnel" located at the Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney, which is available for use by any student at the university to tag, advertise, poster, and paint. Advocates of this idea suggest that this discourages petty vandalism yet encourages artists to take their time and produce great art, without worry of being caught or arrested for vandalism or trespassing.[108][109] Others disagree with this approach, arguing that the presence of legal graffiti walls does not demonstrably reduce illegal graffiti elsewhere. Some local government areas throughout Australia have introduced "anti-graffiti squads", who clean graffiti in the area, and such crews as BCW (Buffers Can't Win) have taken steps to keep one step ahead of local graffiti cleaners.

 

Many state governments have banned the sale or possession of spray paint to those under the age of 18 (age of majority). However, a number of local governments in Victoria have taken steps to recognize the cultural heritage value of some examples of graffiti, such as prominent political graffiti. Tough new graffiti laws have been introduced in Australia with fines of up to A$26,000 and two years in prison.

 

Melbourne is a prominent graffiti city of Australia with many of its lanes being tourist attractions, such as Hosier Lane in particular, a popular destination for photographers, wedding photography, and backdrops for corporate print advertising. The Lonely Planet travel guide cites Melbourne's street as a major attraction. All forms of graffiti, including sticker art, poster, stencil art, and wheatpasting, can be found in many places throughout the city. Prominent street art precincts include; Fitzroy, Collingwood, Northcote, Brunswick, St. Kilda, and the CBD, where stencil and sticker art is prominent. As one moves farther away from the city, mostly along suburban train lines, graffiti tags become more prominent. Many international artists such as Banksy have left their work in Melbourne and in early 2008 a perspex screen was installed to prevent a Banksy stencil art piece from being destroyed, it has survived since 2003 through the respect of local street artists avoiding posting over it, although it has recently had paint tipped over it.

 

In February 2008 Helen Clark, the New Zealand prime minister at that time, announced a government crackdown on tagging and other forms of graffiti vandalism, describing it as a destructive crime representing an invasion of public and private property. New legislation subsequently adopted included a ban on the sale of paint spray cans to persons under 18 and increases in maximum fines for the offence from NZ$200 to NZ$2,000 or extended community service. The issue of tagging become a widely debated one following an incident in Auckland during January 2008 in which a middle-aged property owner stabbed one of two teenage taggers to death and was subsequently convicted of manslaughter.

 

Graffiti databases have increased in the past decade because they allow vandalism incidents to be fully documented against an offender and help the police and prosecution charge and prosecute offenders for multiple counts of vandalism. They also provide law enforcement the ability to rapidly search for an offender's moniker or tag in a simple, effective, and comprehensive way. These systems can also help track costs of damage to a city to help allocate an anti-graffiti budget. The theory is that when an offender is caught putting up graffiti, they are not just charged with one count of vandalism; they can be held accountable for all the other damage for which they are responsible. This has two main benefits for law enforcement. One, it sends a signal to the offenders that their vandalism is being tracked. Two, a city can seek restitution from offenders for all the damage that they have committed, not merely a single incident. These systems give law enforcement personnel real-time, street-level intelligence that allows them not only to focus on the worst graffiti offenders and their damage, but also to monitor potential gang violence that is associated with the graffiti.

 

Many restrictions of civil gang injunctions are designed to help address and protect the physical environment and limit graffiti. Provisions of gang injunctions include things such as restricting the possession of marker pens, spray paint cans, or other sharp objects capable of defacing private or public property; spray painting, or marking with marker pens, scratching, applying stickers, or otherwise applying graffiti on any public or private property, including, but not limited to the street, alley, residences, block walls, and fences, vehicles or any other real or personal property. Some injunctions contain wording that restricts damaging or vandalizing both public and private property, including but not limited to any vehicle, light fixture, door, fence, wall, gate, window, building, street sign, utility box, telephone box, tree, or power pole.

 

To help address many of these issues, many local jurisdictions have set up graffiti abatement hotlines, where citizens can call in and report vandalism and have it removed. San Diego's hotline receives more than 5,000 calls per year, in addition to reporting the graffiti, callers can learn more about prevention. One of the complaints about these hotlines is the response time; there is often a lag time between a property owner calling about the graffiti and its removal. The length of delay should be a consideration for any jurisdiction planning on operating a hotline. Local jurisdictions must convince the callers that their complaint of vandalism will be a priority and cleaned off right away. If the jurisdiction does not have the resources to respond to complaints in a timely manner, the value of the hotline diminishes. Crews must be able to respond to individual service calls made to the graffiti hotline as well as focus on cleanup near schools, parks, and major intersections and transit routes to have the biggest impact. Some cities offer a reward for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of suspects for tagging or graffiti related vandalism. The amount of the reward is based on the information provided, and the action taken.

 

When police obtain search warrants in connection with a vandalism investigation, they are often seeking judicial approval to look for items such as cans of spray paint and nozzles from other kinds of aerosol sprays; etching tools, or other sharp or pointed objects, which could be used to etch or scratch glass and other hard surfaces; permanent marking pens, markers, or paint sticks; evidence of membership or affiliation with any gang or tagging crew; paraphernalia including any reference to "(tagger's name)"; any drawings, writing, objects, or graffiti depicting taggers' names, initials, logos, monikers, slogans, or any mention of tagging crew membership; and any newspaper clippings relating to graffiti crime.

use crosswalks

 

Using Topaz Impression

Shot this using a pinhole "lens" - for those who don't know and are curious this is basically shot with no lens at all just a plastic cover with a pinhole in it instead of a lens - i made it from drilling a hole in an old camera body cap that i had lying around and then taping a small piece of aluminium can in front of the hole with a pinhole in it.. depending on the size of the pinhole you get different levels of sharpness - i did a few indoor experiments before i was happy with this version.

 

The image itself was processed mostly in camera raw - recovered a lot of the detail using the dehaze filter, after that i just did a simple mono conversion using nik silver efx and tried to remove some of the dust spots (soooo many dust spots i'm horrified!)

 

I was surprised at the zoom effect of the pinhole lens - i was shooting using a 16-35 lens at 16mm and when i switched to the pinhole lens i had to move back a lot to get a similar composition. Its a fun process because you have to experiment over an over until you get a decent exposure and composition.

 

Anyway enough waffle - interesting low tech experiment - happy with the results..

 

Week No: 16

Theme: Pinhole

Category: Creative

Lastest Celebrity Hair News

Farrah Abraham Gives Celebrity Big Brother UK Housemates Sex-Ed Lesson Using a …

 

Abraham and her U.S. teammate (and real porn pro) Jenna Jameson then did a show-and-tell about various sexual positions (while dressed, thankfully). The two women, with their hair...

 

tsceleb.com/farrah-abraham-gives-celebrity-big-brother-uk...

Autumn - Sun

This bridge is used for the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76) interchange ramp crossing Big Beaver Boulevard (SR 18) at exit 13. The National Bridge Inventory listed this bridge as being built in 1950. It was built BEFORE Big Beaver Boulevard was even constructed and it appears this bridge was built at least a year or two before it was put into use. This bridge handles 2,000 to 5,000 vehicles a day. It appears the unusual steel truss design was built so that the bridge could cross five lanes of traffic without having columns in the middle. The nearby bridge the Turnpike uses to cross-over Big Beaver is a concrete arched-top design.

 

The original interchange connected to Norwood Drive (the main road in the area prior to Big Beaver Boulevard opening in the early 1950s) in an unusually long ramp that continued north beside the current Big Beaver Boulevard and looped back around at the current location of Westgate Drive. Eastwood Drive was part of the original ramp for the Pennsylvania Turnpike. We can also see part of the original ramp abandoned now that the trees are cleared out east of Big Beaver Boulevard.

 

Exit 13 bridge at I-76 and SR 18 - Homewood, Pennsylvania

 

If you want to use this photo please contact me (Nicholas Eckhart) in one of the following ways:

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I walked outside and took a series of random photographs so you cannot really make any quality judgements based on the images that I have published to date.

 

I ordered this lens at the beginning of August but it did not arrive until today [21 October 2016]. According to my dealer only 11 have been allocated to Ireland and the UK and not many more to the rest of Europe [that may be true and then again it may not be true]. He also said that they are now taking pre-orders for delivery in twelve weeks. Because of the long wait I got a discount of Euro 200.

 

I have been advised that it is necessary to update the camera firmware in order to use this GM lens but unfortunately all attempts to upgrade have failed. So the images may not be as good as they should be. Also it should be noted that the available light was poor.

 

The lens is very heavy and in may be claimed that this defeats the point of purchasing a mirrorless camera and to an extent this claim is valid. To be honest the weight does present me with a problem but I will not discuss this in detail here.

 

Autofocus is as fast as anything that I have seen to date and the lens is a pleasure to use.

Used nearly every day

(used in Yahoo! Profiles)

For your Art only, not for Sale on a collage Sheet or CD

USE A LOT OF CIRCLES TO SHAPE

This is free for use, all I ask is you credit me with a link back to this texture.

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Do you want to know a secret?

Do you promise not to tell?, Ooh oh, oh.

Closer,

Let me whisper in your ear,

Say the words you long to hear,

I'm in love with you.

 

beatles

do you want to know a secret?

Used panty. These are my used panty with some staining. They do smell very nice. Hope you like them. I get really hot when someone looks at my panties.

 

You can see more used panties here bit.ly/used-panties

 

 

Using Lego Dots in a 80 x 80 stud configuration (5x5 Lego Technic art bricks with frame) I have tried to make this skull design 'Pop' with a contrasting turquoise background. If you zoom in can you see Unicorns?

On the way of Al-Hasa. Dammam, KSA

 

© "All rights are reserved" worldwide by Mishu Jadu. Please do not use the picture without permission.

Use Mouse Click for a magnified view

using the pfx brick, this victorian bungalow is decorated for the season. plays "the christmas song", and is fully lit with a spinning tree. back opens to show the main floor scene inside. check the full album for details.

video

Please don't use my images on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission.

© All rights reserved - Use without permission is illegal!

 

Tra le numerose cittadine della Baviera e in particolare della Strada Romantica emerge per bellezza e fascino quel gioiello dell'arte medievale che è Rothenburg ob der Tauber (Rothenburg sopra il Tauber). La città ha circa 13.000 abitanti e vanta un grande numero di alberghi, pensioni e ristoranti tale da conquistare il primato come offerte turistiche tra le città di piccole dimensioni della Germania.

 

L'origine della città risale al X secolo quando sorse il castello dei Conti di Rothenburg; per tutto il 1100 Rothenburg gode di un periodo politico, culturale e commerciale molto fiorente e positivo a tal punto che nel 1274 le cinta murarie vengono allargate per ospitare il quartiere degli artigiani. Nel 1802 la città viene annessa alla Baviera mentre cento anni dopo, nel 1905, viene collegata con le altre città tedesche attraverso una linea ferroviaria.

 

Per Rothenburg e la sua ottima economia la situazione idilliaca sembrava senza fine ma nel 1945 un terribile bombardamento distrugge buona parte del centro storico e solo grazie all'intervento di un generale americano si evitò la distruzione totale della città. Dopo la fine della seconda guerra mondiale inizia la grande ricostruzione ed oggi si può ammirare la città in tutta la sua ritrovata bellezza.

 

Da non perdere la Marktplatz (piazza del mercato), da sempre luogo principale della vita cittadina anche grazie alla presenza del Rathaus. Il grande edificio del municipio è caratterizzato da due differenti stili architettonici: una parte risale al periodo gotico mentre la facciata principale sulla Marktplatz è in stile rinascimentale. Da vedere inoltre la Baumeisterhaus (casa dell'architetto) che venne edificata nel 1596 come residenza dell'architetto della città.

 

La strada principale di Rothenburg è la Herrngasse (via dei Signori) che collega la Marktplatz con i Burggarten (giardini del castello). E' una tipica via di un paese bavarese: eleganti abitazioni dalle facciate realizzate con stili e colori diversi, balconi ricchi di fiori dai colori accesi e molti negozi.

 

Tra le chiese è da segnalare la Jakobskirche (Chiesa di S. Giacomo) che è la più grande ed importante della città. La costruzione è durata quasi 100 anni mentre la solenne consacrazione risale al 1448. L'esterno della chiesa, con due alti campanili, e l'interno, sobrio e severo, sono in stile tardo gotico.

 

Quello che però caratterizza maggiormente Rothenburg è la grande cinta muraria che racchiude la città e le solenni porte d'accesso: una parte delle mura sono percorribili a piedi. Tra le porte più belle: la Klingentor e la Galgentor.

 

Un altro vanto della città si trova nella Herrngasse 1: è il negozio di giocattoli e articoli natalizi fondato nel 1977 dalla famiglia Wohlfahrt che, forte del grande successo ottenuto in Germania, ha aperto alcune filiali all'estero. Durante il periodo di Natale è aperto anche di domenica.

 

Rothenburg, un gioiello medievale

This building was erected in the late teens or early '20's (I believe) for use as a Vaudeville theater house. In the next decade, a large Michigan theater chain, W. S. Butterfield Theaters (headquarters in Lansing) purchased this and turned it into the largest movie theater in town. They also built two other theaters in Holland. One was further west on 8th St, in the middle of town, named the "Centennial." This was torn down in the '50's and a lovely little park is in now in the location where it once stood. The old "Colonial" was turned into the "Park" Theater on River Ave - still in existence and, along with the neon sign, beautifully restored. When the Park was the Colonial, there had been a fire at one time, long ago. You can still see black soot, embedded in the brick on the south side of the building. This side is currently exposed as a very small, but very old building, next to it, was recently demolished. A developer has plans for the current vacant lot. Another slice of Holland, Michigan history GONE. Anyway, this local district part of the chain - the three Holland theaters and the Starlight Drive-In, on Blue Star Highway, south of Holland, near Saugatuck - where under the ownership of the aka Carley Amusement Co.

 

W. S. Butterfield Theater Co. built theaters in towns and cities throughout Michigan. Among the those I can remember, many of the various original facades and signs on the buildings are gone (remnants of the buildings are still in some of these towns). They also owned drive-In Theaters, including the Starlight near Saugatuck. Fortunately, some of the theaters, such as the Regent in Allegan, the Grand in Grand Haven, and the Michigan in South Haven are still as lovely as ever and have been accurately restored and look as they should. With the help of various people who have shown interest in keeping these alive, the fine old relics are still as beautiful as ever! The two most ornate of the theater palaces in Michigan are still with us in their former glory. The State in Kalamazoo, is still being used for notable entertainment venues and the Michigan in Lansing is restored and integrated into an office environment. The integrity of the interior seems to have remained intact from what I have read. These beauties were designed by the reknowned architect / designer John Eberson. The Lansing theater was built in 1920 formally called "The Strand.". He also created the State Theater in 1927 - still considered a gem in Kalamazoo.

 

Most people know that Holland's Park Theatre has since been revived by Hope college (they did a fabulous job of renovating the neon sign) where events are held upon occasion. The Starlight Drive-In had never been remodeled, much beyond a new coat of paint on the sign or the concession stand. Also, the neon was removed from the Drive-In Sign in the early 1980's when it was purchased by Goodrich Theaters out of Grand Rapids. I have pictures of both the existing park and the renovated (later removed) Starlight in my stream. Unfortunately, when I was in college, I wasn't around the area as much and didn't get a picture of the original Starlight sign. I also worked there for a short time in '79. When Goodrich bought the Starlight and removed the neon from all of the signs, I realized finally, that I should get a few shots as I feared that it would, as it did, go out of business. I should have feared before Goodrich ruined the look of the place.

 

I have a small picture of the old Centennial Theater (formerly called The Strand) in a postcard that I have in my stream. As a chain, W. S. Butterfield Theaters folded in the mid '80's. Again, among the many towns where their theaters were located, are Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo (The heavenly State Theater), Lansing (Michigan Theater), Allegan (with the still vibrant Regent Theater, thanks to local historical preservation efforts, also in my stream), Niles, Grand Haven (the beautiful Grand Theater, also restored and in my stream), South Haven (the neat old Michigan Theater, still much in use and with original facade, also in my stream), and many other downtown areas in the state.

 

Jack Loeks, a man who used to work for Butterfield, left the company to start his own company. He went on to build the first huge multiplex theater in the country, once located on the busy 28th St. in Wyoming (Grand Rapids suburb), of which he named, "Studio 28." This was next to the Beltline Drive-In Theater (also in my stream) that was demolished in 1989. His company was quite successful since he was the leader of the multiplex model that has now become the norm. This has been closed for many years. Recently, the abandoned structure was torn down; Sadly, it did become an eyesore, really. Today the site is unrecognizable.

 

When I worked at the Holland and Park Theaters, and later the Starlight Drive-In, little had been changed; this still in the mid to late '70's. Most of the old projecting equipment was still in place and was used. The projectionist's were part of a union.

 

The upstairs office in the Holland Theater was large and no one had ever gone under the stairs of the large balcony. I took a flashlight one day, I decided to go under there and search with a flashlight, just to see if it was possible to find traces of anything old. I found an old ticket stub, from the former Knickerbocker (from the original era - vaudeville plays and live stage presentations) in the insulation on the floor and was quite pleased that my effort panned out! The new manager (Rudy Ball - A Hope College student at the time) took credit for finding it and convinced a writer to feature my find in an article (no mention of me) in the local paper, The "Holland Evening Sentinel." Elsewhere in the room, in a more accessible and visible place, there was a very large bin stuffed with filed, divided rows of old illustrated or photo lobby cards from old past movies, dating back to, at least, the 1940's (perhaps earlier as I don't recall having time to look at them all) up until the early '60's. The previous managers, during that era, had kept and subsequently left these behind, for the sake of the theater's history, after each had retired.

 

The manager, Mr. Ed Hochschild, hired me as an assistant at the Holland (and later sent me to run the Park). He also had been with Butterfield for many years. He was transferred (and probably demoted) to Holland from the State Theater in Kalamazoo. Mr Hochschild was an older, genteel man. He left everything alone inside of the theater - nothing had changed, not even the carpet. However, a doorman convinced said manager to let him have the original penny scale. I don't know what happened to the original candy machine. In later years, some time after I left, the theater was sold and the original interior, including the concession counter, seats and the rest were removed. After my manager retired, he was replaced by the district supervisor (Mr. Harry Himes, another old timer but more of a curmudgeon) by an an aggressive young male student from Hope College (the jerk who took my ticket stub) as he decided that a man should be at the Holland full time - he could oversee the Park and the Starlite Drive-In. Needless to say, it was a better paying job. After he took over (like a tidal wave) he kept me at bay so I don't wonder where the old, original movie posters went. I always did think that Harry Himes made poor decisions and should have retired himself. Even in the '70's he was completely OLD school and Mr. Ball knew how to work him (or wear him down as he did with most people - loud and boisterous).

 

Technically, I was the assistant manager of the Holland when I worked with the older manager (who hired me). I laid out the weekly newspaper ads for all three of the area theaters (Holland, Park, and Starlight). He smoked Cigarillos and drove a Fiat! I have memories of the cigar smell that permeated the office and seeing his car turn into a rust bucket.

 

My main job was to manage the smaller Park Theater at the time. It had been semi-out of commission for a number of years so I was hired to clean it up and keep it open nightly but for Sundays. In later years, prior to my arrival, it been a week-end purview. The Holland had most of the first run films that were anticipated as those that would bring in the larger crowds, such as "Jaws" and the first "Star Wars." I was shocked at the "Star Wars" crowds and now wish that I had bought all of the original memorabilia or taken a sign or poster! I always was out of touch with sci-fi - dummy me. The Park did manage to snag "Annie Hall," "Taxi Driver," "Carrie," and "Blazing Saddles" to name a few. If the movie was considered a bit more controversial, for the most part, it would end up at the Park. Sometimes Butterfield miscalculated on what kind of turn-out a particular movie would bring. Anticipating smaller audience interest for certain films. "Carrie" was huge at the Park, with lines around the corner. That also brought out a number of people from churches, armed with pamphlets, who fervently attempted to appeal to people in line to not expose themselves to this evil film. It got pretty wild; when the pamphlet preachers tried to get into the lobby, I had to call the police, as they were not allowed on the property. The Park ran plenty of stinker films (Heaven's Gate for example) but had some overlooked, first run classics.

 

Incidentally, I certainly should mention that when Hope college ultimately purchased (still owns) the building in this picture, it was immediately "renovated" (entire facade removed). It is known again as the Knickerbocker Theater. Hope College has a very large theater department and plenty of money to purchase and maintain and use both theaters. It is a influential force in the city. In recent years, the town allowed the college to wipe out an entire block, behind this theater, of old and historic Victorian homes; many were large and well intact. There is a big building and parking lots where they once stood. It makes me physically ill to think about the ruination of Victorian / Edwardian era architecture that was demolished in later years, when historic preservation was a priority in many areas; particularly in nearby Grand Rapids when awareness for preservation took hold in the early 1970's - thus, we have the splendid "Heritage Hill." for generations to behold and cherish.

 

UPDATE: I have just read, on the Facebook page called "Remembering Holland, Michigan" that in it's heyday, the old Knickerbocker was quite a colorful entertainment spot. Circus animals - elephants and such, also adorned the stage. Incidentally, I did find out that an elephant had died during this period and was buried in the grounds of the Starlite Drive-In site - a fact from a friend who is a Saugatuck / Douglas historian (shout out to Ken Kutzel). Also, quite surprisingly, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke here, on stage, while he was serving as the secretary of the navy. I'll try to get more details, in the future, from any sources re all of the Holland area theaters.

 

UPDATE: I only recently found this fascinating article online, which has been there for more than several years (now 2022): The Knickerbocker Theatre

 

The Knickerbocker Theatre

Location86 East Eight Street

Completed1910

Original OwnerTieman Slagh

Current OwnerHope College

Content

Founding

The Death of Slagh

Change in Ownership and Financial Struggles

Operating Under Hope College Ownership

Bibliography

 

Written by Joshua Briggs

 

First announced in autumn 1910, the Knickerbocker Theatre was called “one of the best little playhouses in the state.” Since entrepreneur Tieman Slagh first constructed the edifice on Eighth Street more than 100 years ago, this “beautiful playhouse” has exhibited all varieties of entertainment, from Navy Secretary Franklin Delano Roosevelt to a seven-ton elephant. Although the historic theatre has faced financial struggles and changes in ownership nine times, the Knickerbocker Theatre remains on Eighth Street to this day, now under the ownership of Hope College.

 

Founding

By the autumn of 1910, local Holland resident Tieman Slagh had constructed a local business district along the east end of Eighth Street, despite public skepticism against the venture. The Holland City News described the endeavor as one that “took nerve” and later extolled Slagh for constructing “four of the handsomest business blocks that ornament our public streets.” By December of 1910, Slagh completed his most risky pursuit: a refined, upper-class entertainment facility, a little theater he called “The Knickerbocker.” Chosen by means of an elaborate contest and an executive committee, the name translates to “the very best in life.”

 

The Death of Slagh

On February 25, 1911, while adorning the Knickerbocker’s sign with decorative lights for opening night, a chain on the scaffolding parted, and Slagh fell 28 feet to the cement sidewalk below. On March 2, 1911, the Holland City News reported an “almost immediate death.” Slagh’s funeral, held at Third Reformed Church in Holland, was described as “one of the largest that has been held in Holland for years.” For months after the burial ceremony, the Knickerbocker’s windows remained dark.

 

Change in Ownership and Financial Struggles

In August of 1911, more than five months after Slagh’s death, the Knickerbocker Theatre was “leased for a period of two years to Charles Agnew and John C. New of Evanston, Illinois,” according to The Holland City News.

 

The first production in the reopened theatre, Brewer’s Millions, premiered on November 3, 1911. Although the show was a success, the Knickerbocker suffered from financial troubles for nearly four years before a new owner purchased the theater in 1915. Mr. A. Berlin, a resident of Holland who originally hailed from New York state, was “prepared to experiment,” and “ready to put his best efforts into giving Holland a theatre.” However, just a year later, Berlin sold the theatre. According to the July 20, 1916 edition of the Holland City News, the Knickerbocker was sold at a public auction to Frank A. Ogden who later refitted and remodeled the facility. The business floundered and was eventually acquired by advertising magnate Jon Vanden Berg Jr., better known to the theater-going public as “Vaudie.” Vanden Berg’s expensive investments in the Knickerbocker promised an entertainment venue “second to none in Western Michigan.” Again, the venture fell short of projected goals and was repossessed in 1923.

 

Later in 1923, businessmen Horace Morton and Harry Jones purchased the Knickerbocker Theatre. They premiered a special Christmas Eve showing of The Courtship of Miles Standish. A short time later, the owners went into bankruptcy.

 

In 1947, a $29,000 renovation effort was funded, and by January 1986, the theater remained an unsuccessful venture. Goodrich Theatre Company purchased the theater in an effort to acquire a more local audience. Goodrich advertised with the slogan: “Our Progress Strides Forward.”

 

In December 1987, Hope College proposed to preserve the theatre. In January 1987, a memorandum explained that “the [Hope College] trustees authorized the purchase from Goodrich Theaters Incorporated of the Holland Theater on East Eighth Street near the Hope Campus.”

 

Operating Under Hope College Ownership

Initially, Phil Tanis managed the Knickerbocker Theatre. He assumed leadership for a short period of time and began the popular film series program still in existence. Erik Alberg succeeded Tanis. “I won’t say I pack them in here,” Alberg confessed to the Holland Sentinel. He added, “a core group of independent movie fans shows up regularly.” To this day, Hope College’s Knickerbocker Theatre continues to promote showings of film and stage productions.

 

The following is a response to a comment on Facebook re Kalamazoo's State Theater: The district manager for W.S. Butterfield (a crusty and quite elderly guy with old fashioned clothes - all black suit, coat, hat) ALWAYS waxed eloquent about the State in K-zoo, every time he dropped in. I managed the Park Theater, was asst. manager at the Holland Theater ('76/'77) and was the asst. manager at the Starlight Drive-In near Saugatuck ('79) - www.waterwinterwonderland.com/driveintheaters.aspx?id=93&.... The Holland Theater was renovated, in 1941, out of a Vaudeville and / or local events theater called the Knickerbocker, built in 1911. Decades later, in 1988, Hope College purchased the vacant theater building and reverted it back to their version of the new Knickerbocker Theater. hope.edu/directory/buildings/knickerbocker-theatre/knicke.... The three aforementioned theaters were part of the latter year "Carley Amusement Co." franchise under Butterfield - www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/hollandsentinel/name/robert-.... During that time, the Park Theater was named "The Colonial" and there was one other Carley owned theater, The Center Theater, located a few blocks west from the Holland Theater on 8th St). The Center was torn down in the early 1960's. Incidentally, Jack Loeks -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Loeks - started his career, working for Butterfield. The State in K-zoo, along with the Strand theater in Lansing - lansingcitypulse.com/stories/vaudeville-and-vivisection,1...) - in the once thriving Butterfield chain (most built in the 1920's) - were both considered THE showcase Butterfield theaters in Michigan. Smaller ones, still exist, such as the restored Regent in Allegan, the State in South Haven, the Park in Holland, and more - cinematreasures.org/chains/169/previous. Butterfield sold off the chain in the early '80's, as I remember. Still, new owners and city preservationists kept some of the theaters alive (previous link). The State in K-zoo was and still is the paragon of all of the many in Michigan . I shall ALWAYS remember when you guys took me there in the '70's and I was SO impressed and just blown away as I've always loved old and great theaters! - www.kazoostate.com/about/history/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Theatre_(Kalamazoo,_Michigan)

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Thank you,

Brenda.

 

I belong to this set. ~Textures~

 

If you are looking for more stock images and textures, please check out my group at

"Brenda's Stock Resources".

For your Art only, not for Sale on a CD or Collage Sheet~

Life Magazine Oct 1925

Melbourne based street artist Rone (Tyrone Wright) used the decaying glory of the 1933 Harry Norris designed Streamline Moderne mansion, Burnham Beeches in the Dandenong Ranges' Sherbrooke, between March the 6th and April 22nd to create an immersive hybrid art space for his latest installation exhibition; "Empire".

 

"Empire" combined a mixture of many different elements including art, sound, light, scent, found objects, botanic designs, objects from nature and music especially composed for the project by Nick Batterham. The Burnham Beeches project re-imagines and re-interprets the spirit of one of Victoria’s landmark mansions, seldom seen by the public and not accessed since the mid 1980s. According to Rone - Empire website; "viewers are invited to consider what remains - the unseen cultural, social, artistic and spiritual heritage which produces intangible meaning."

 

Rone was invited by the current owner of Burnham Beeches, restaurateur Shannon Bennett, to exhibit "Empire" during a six week interim period before renovations commence to convert the heritage listed mansion into a select six star hotel.

 

Rone initially imagined the mansion to be in a state of dereliction, but found instead that it was a stripped back blank canvas for him to create his own version of how he thought it should look. Therefore, almost all the decay is in fact of Rone's creation from grasses in the Games Room which 'grow' next to a rotting billiards table, to the damp patches, water staining and smoke damage on the ceilings. Nests of leaves fill some spaces, whilst tree branches and in one case an entire avenue of boughs sprout from walls and ceilings. Especially designed Art Deco wallpaper created in Rone's studio has been installed on the walls before being distressed and damaged. The rooms have been adorned with furnishings and objects that might once have graced the twelve original rooms of Burnham Beeches: bulbulous club sofas, half round Art Deco tables, tarnished silverware and their canteen, mirrored smoke stands of chrome and Bakelite, glass lamps, English dinner services, a glass drinks trolley, photos of people long forgotten in time, walnut veneer dressing tables reflecting the installation sometimes in triplicate, old wire beadsteads, luggage, shelves of books, an Underwood typewriter, a John Broadwood and Sons of London grand piano and even a Kriesler radiogramme. All these objects were then covered in a thick sheet or light sprinkling of 'dust' made of many different things including coffee grinds and talcum powder, creating a sensation for the senses. Burnham Beeches resonated with a ghostly sense of its former grandeur, with a whiff of bittersweet romance.

 

Throughout the twelve rooms, magnificent and beautifully haunting floor-to-ceiling and wall-to-wall portraits of Australian actress Lily Sullivan, star of the Foxtel re-make of Picnic at Hanging Rock, appear. Larger than life, each portrait is created in different colours, helping to create seasonal shifts as you move from room to room.

 

Although all the rooms are amazing for many different reasons, there are two major standouts. The Study features walls of books covered with a portrait of Lily Sullivan, and the entire room is partially submerged in a lake of black water with the occasional red oak leaf floating across its glassy surface. The Dining Room features two long tables covered in a Miss Havisham like feast of a trove of dinner table objects from silverware and glassware to empty oyster shells and vases of grasses and feathers.

 

The Dining Room installation I found especially confronting. In 1982, I visited Burnham Beeches when it was a smart and select hotel and had Devonshire tea in the dining room at a table alongside the full length windows overlooking the terraces below. I was shocked to see a room I remember appointed with thick carpets and tables covered in gleaming silver and white napery, strewn with dust and leaves, and adorned with Miss Havisham's feast of found dining objects.

 

I feel very honoured and privileged to be amongst the far too few people fortunate enough to have seen Rone's "Empire", as like the seasons, it is ephemeral, and it will already have been dismantled. Rone's idea is that, like his street art, things he creates don't last forever, and that made the project exciting. I hope that my photographs do justice to, and adequately share as much as is possible of this amazing installation with you.

 

Title.

women and women and women. (Three-point shot. The shutter is released at the moment each of the three people arrive at the location. I have never used the continuous shooting function before.)

  

(FUJIFILM GFX50R shot)

  

Terminal 3. Haneda airport. Ota-ku. Tokyo. Japan. March 21st. 2024. … 7 / 15

(Today's photo. It is unpublished.)

  

Images.

USHER - Kissing Strangers

youtu.be/_fepftsv6RA?si=8wkSnXH6VAnriwWk

  

::Link photo music and iTunes playlist::

music.apple.com/jp/playlist/photo-music/pl.u-Eg8qefpy8Xz

  

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

Important Notices.

 

I have relaxed the following conditions.

I will distribute my T-shirt to the world for free.

m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50656401427/in/dateposted-p...

m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50613367691/in/dateposted-p...

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

​

Exhibition in 2024

  

theme

Goodbye , Photo .

  

Images

Ai Otsuka ( 大塚　愛 ) / Goodbye photo ( 恋愛写真 )

youtu.be/B2XfJCQ2Dy0?si=WN3UePWye5N03yi4

 

Live 1.

youtu.be/MjBYxuVgj70?si=K3TyYOGqa3Y8BdAt

 

Live 2.

youtu.be/Dccv85TarHs?si=BI-f4JfrihO3CTXD

  

Mitsushiro - Nakagawa

  

Sponsored by

design festa

designfesta.com

 

place

Tokyo Big Site

www.bigsight.jp

  

schedule

2024. autumn.

 

exhibition.mitsushiro.nakagawa@gmail.com

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Notice regarding "Lot No.402_”.

  

From now on # I will host "Lot No.402_".

 

The work of Leonardo da Vinci who was sleeping.

That is the number when it was put up for auction.

No sign was written on the work.

So this work couldn't conclude that it was his work.

However # as a result of various appraisals # it was exposed to the sun.

A work that no one notices. A work that speaks quietly without a title.

I will continue to strive to provide it to many people in various ways.

 

October 24 2020 by Mitsushiro - Nakagawa.

  

Mitsushiro Nakagawa belong to Lot No. 402 _.Copyright©︎2024 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Profile.

In November 2014 # we caught the attention of the party selected to undertake the publicity for a mobile phone that changed the face of the world with just a single model # and will conclude a confidentiality agreement with them.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Interviews and novels.

About my book.

 

I published a book a long time ago.

At that time # I uploaded my interview as a PDF on the internet.

Its Japanese and English.

 

I will publish it for free.

For details # I explained to the Amazon site.

 

How to write a novel.

How to take a picture.

A sense of distance to the work.

 

All of these have something in common.

I wrote down what I felt and left it.

 

I hope my text will be read by many people.

Thank you.

 

Mitsushiro.

 

1 Interview in English

 

2 novels. unforgettable 'English version.(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)

 

3 Interview Japanese version

 

4 novels. unforgettable ' JPN version.

 

5 A streamlined trajectory. only Japanese.

 

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

iBooks. Electronic Publishing. It is free now.

 

0.about the iBooks.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

1.unforgettable '(ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)

itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...

 

2.unforgettable '(JNP.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)

itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...

 

3. Streamlined trajectory.(For Japanese only.)

itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8... =11

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

My Novel : Unforgettable'

 

(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)

  

Synopsis

Kei Kitami, who is aiming for university, meets Kaori Uemura, an event companion who is 6 years older than her, on SNS.

Kaori's dream of coming to Tokyo is to become friends with a famous artist.

For that purpose, the radio station's producer, Ryo Osawa, was needed.

Osawa speaks to Kaori during a live radio broadcast.

"I have a wife and children. But I want to meet you."

Rika Sanjo, who is Kei's classmate and has feelings for him, has been looking into her girlfriend Kaori's movements. . . . .

   

Mitsushiro Nakagawa

All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .

www.fotolog.net/yuming/

  

images.

U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin

www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related

  

Main story

 

There are two reasons why a person faces the sea.

One to enjoy a slice of shine in the sea like children bubbling over in the beach.

The other to brush the dust of memory like an old man who misses old days staring at the shine

quietly.

Those lead to only one meaning though they do not seem to overlap. It’s a rebirth.

I face myself to change tomorrow a vague day into something certain.

That is the meaning of a rebirth.

I had a very sweet girlfriend when I was 18.

After she left I knew the meaning of gentleness for the first time and also a true pain of loss. After

she left # how many times did I depend too much on her # doubt her # envy her and keep on telling lies

until I realized it is love?

I wonder whether a nobody like me could have given something to her who was struggling in the

daily life in those days. Giving something is arrogant conceit. It is nothing but self-satisfaction.

I had been thinking about such a thing.

However I guess what she saw in me was because I had nothing. That‘s why she tried to see

something in me. Perhaps she found a slight possibility in me # a guy filled with ambiguous unstable

tomorrow. But I wasted days depending too much on her gentleness.

Now I finally can convey how I felt in those days when we met.

  

1/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...

2/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...

3/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...

4/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...

5/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...

6/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...

7/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...

8/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...

9/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...

  

Fin.

  

images.

U2 - No Line On The Horizon

www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Title of my book : unforgettable'

Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa

Out Now.

ISBN978-4-86264-866-2

in Amazon.

Unforgettable’ amzn.asia/d/eG1wNc5

_________________________________

_________________________________

The schedule of the next novel.

Still would stand all time. (Unforgettable '2)

(It will not go away forever)

Please give me some more time. That is Japanese.

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

My Works.

 

1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...

2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...

3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Do you want to hear my voice?

:)

 

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw

 

1

About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. First type.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw

 

2

About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. Second type.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=443

 

3

About when I started Fotolog. Architect 's point of view.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=649

 

4

Why did not you have a camera so far?

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=708

 

5

What is the coolest thing? The photo is as it is.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=776

 

6

About the current YouTube bar. I also want to tell # I want to leave.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=964

 

7

About Japanese photographers. Japanese YouTube bar is Pistols.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1059

 

8

The composition of the photograph is sensibility. Meet the designers in Milan. Two questions.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1242

 

9

What is a good composition? What is a bad composition?

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1482

 

10

What is the time to point the camera? It is slow if you are looking into the viewfinder or display.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1662

 

11

Family photos. I can not take pictures with others. The inside of the subject.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1745

 

12

About YouTube 's photographer. Camera technology etc. Sensibility is polished by reading books.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=2144

 

13

About the Japanese newspaper. A picture of a good newspaper is Reuters. If you continue to look at useless photographs # it will be useless.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=2305

 

14

About Japanese photographers. About the exhibition.

Summary. I wrote a novel etc. What I want to tell the most.

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=2579

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

I talked about how to make a work.

 

About work production 1/2

youtu.be/ZFjqUJn74kM

  

About work production 2/2

youtu.be/pZIbXmnXuCw

 

1 Photo exhibition up to that point. Did you want to go?

 

2 Well # what is an exhibition that you want to visit even if you go there?

 

3 Challenge to exhibit one work every month before opening a solo exhibition at the Harajuku Design Festa.

 

4 works are materials and silhouettes. Similar to fashion.

 

5 Who is your favorite artist? What is it? Make it clear.

 

6 Creating a collage is exactly the same as taking photos. As I wrote in the interview # it is the same as writing a novel.

 

7 I want to show it to someone # but I do not make a piece to show it. Aim for the work you want to decorate your own room as in the photo.

 

8 What is copycat? Nowadays # it is suspected to be beaten. There is something called Mimesis?

 

ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimesis

kotobank.jp/word/Mimesis-139464

 

9 What is Individuality? What is originality?

 

www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

Explanation of composition. 2

 

1.Composition explanation 2 ... 1/4

youtu.be/yVbvneBIMs8

 

2.Composition explanation 2 ... 2/4

youtu.be/LToFez9vOAw

 

3.Composition Explanation 2 ... 3/4

youtu.be/uTR0wVi9Z7M

 

4.Composition Explanation 2 ... 4/4

youtu.be/h2LjfU6Vvno

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

My shutter feeling.

 

youtu.be/3JkbGiFLjAM

 

Today's photo.

It is a photo taken from Eurostar.

 

This video is an explanation.

 

I went to Milan in 2005.

At that time # I went from Milan to Venice.

We took Eurostar into the transportation.

 

This photo was not taken from a very fast Eurostar.

When I changed the track # I took a picture at the moment I slowed down.

  

Is there a Japanese beside you?

Please have my video translated.

:)

 

In the Eurostar to Venice . 2005. shot ... 1 / 2

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/49127115021/in/dateposted...

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

flickr.

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

instagram.

www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Pinterest.

www.pinterest.jp/MitsushiroNakagawa/

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

YouPic

youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

twitter.

twitter.com/mitsushiro

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

facebook.

www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

threads.

www.threads.net/@mitsushiro_nakagawa

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Blue sky.

bsky.app/profile/mitsushironakagawa.bsky.social

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Amazon.

www.amazon.co.jp/gp/profile/amzn1.account.AHSKI3YMYPYE5UE...

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

my statistics. (As of February 7, 2024)

What is the number of accesses to Flickr and U-Pik?

Flickr 21,694,434 Views

Youpic 7,003,230 Views

 

What is the number of accesses to Flickr and YouPic?

(As of November 13, 2023)

Flickr 20,852,872 View

Youpic 6,671,486 View

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Japanese is the following.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2

 

Mitsu Nakagawa belong to Lot No. 204 _ . Copyright©︎2020 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

Title.

女性と女性と女性。( 3点ショット。3人がそれぞれその場所に来た一瞬にシャッターを切っています。僕はこれまで一度も連写機能を使ったことがありません。 )

  

( FUJIFILM GFX50R shot )

  

第三ターミナル。羽田空港。大田区。東京都。日本。3月21日。2024年。 … 6 / 15

(今日の写真。それは未発表です。）

  

Images.

USHER - Kissing Strangers

youtu.be/_fepftsv6RA?si=8wkSnXH6VAnriwWk

  

::写真の音楽とiTunesプレイリストをリンク::

music.apple.com/jp/playlist/photo-music/pl.u-Eg8qefpy8Xz

  

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

重要なお知らせ。

 

僕は以下の条件を緩和します。

僕はTシャツを無料で世界中へ配布します。

m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50656401427/in/dateposted-p...

m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50613367691/in/dateposted-p...

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

２０２４年の展示

  

テーマ

Goodbye , Photo

  

Images

大塚 愛 ( Ai Otsuka ) / 恋愛写真 ( Goodbye photo )

youtu.be/B2XfJCQ2Dy0?si=WN3UePWye5N03yi4

 

Live 1.

youtu.be/MjBYxuVgj70?si=K3TyYOGqa3Y8BdAt

 

Live 2.

youtu.be/Dccv85TarHs?si=BI-f4JfrihO3CTXD

  

Mitsushiro - Nakagawa

  

主催

デザインフェスタ

designfesta.com

 

場所

東京ビッグサイト

www.bigsight.jp

  

日程

2024年。秋。

 

exhibition.mitsushiro.nakagawa@gmail.com

 

_________________________________

_________________________________

   

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

” Lot No.402_ ” に関するお知らせ。

  

今後、僕は、” Lot No.402_ ”を主催します。

 

このロットナンバーは、眠っていたレオナルドダヴィンチの作品がオークションにかけらた際に付されたものです。

作品にはサインなどがいっさい記されていなかったため、彼の作品だと断定できませんでした。

しかし、様々な鑑定の結果、陽の光を浴びました。

誰にも気づかれない作品。肩書がなくとも静かに語りかける作品。

僕はこれから様々な形で、多くの皆様に提供できるよう努めてゆきます。

 

2020年10月24日 by Mitsushiro - Nakagawa.

 

Copyright©︎2021 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.

_________________________________

_________________________________

プロフィール

2014年11月、たった1機種で世界を塗り替えた携帯電話の広告を請け負った選考者の目に留まり、秘密保持同意書を結ぶ。

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

_________________________________

_________________________________

  

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

インタビューと小説。

僕の本について。

 

僕は、昔に本を出版しました。

その際に、僕のインタビューをPDFでネット上へアップロードしていました。

その日本語と英語。

 

僕は、無料でを公開します。

詳細は、アマゾンのサイトへ解説しました。

 

小説の書き方。

写真の撮影方法。

作品への距離感。

 

これらはすべて共通項があります。

僕は、僕が感じたことを文章にして、残しました。

 

僕のテキストが多くの人に読んでもらえることを望みます。

ありがとう。

 

Mitsushiro.

 

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

  

１　インタビュー　英語版

 

２　小説。unforgettable’ 英語版。

 

３　インタビュー　日本語版

 

４　小説。unforgettable’ 日本語版。(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)

(四百字詰め原稿用紙４５６枚)

 

　あらすじ

　大学を目指している北見ケイは、SNS上で、6歳年上のイベントコンパニオン、上村香織に出会う。

　上京してきた香織の夢は、有名なアーティストの友達になるためだ。

　そのためにはラジオ局のプロデューサー、大沢亮の存在が必要だった。

　大沢は、ラジオの生放送中、香織へ語りかける。

　「僕には妻子がある。しかし、僕は君に会いたいと思っている」

　ケイの同級生で、彼を想っている三條里香は、香織の動向を探っていた。。。。。

  

本編

 

人が海へ向かう理由には、二つある。

　ひとつは、波打ち際ではしゃぐ子供のように、今の瞬間の海の輝きを楽しむこと。

　もうひとつは、その輝きを静かに見据えて、過ぎ去った日々を懐かしむ老人のように記憶の埃を払うこと。

　二つは重なり合わないようではあるけれども、たったひとつの意味しか生まない。

　再生だ。

　明日っていう、曖昧な日を確実なものへと変えてゆくために、自分の存在に向き合う。

　それが再生の意味だ。

 

　十八歳だった僕には大切な人がいた。

 

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

  

５　流線形の軌跡。　日本語のみ。

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

iBooks.電子出版。（現在は無料）

 

0.about the iBooks.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

1.unforgettable’ ( ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)

itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...

For Japanese only.

 

2.unforgettable’ ( JNP.ver.)(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)

itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...

 

3.流線形の軌跡。

itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8...

_________________________________

_________________________________

 

僕の小説。英語版　

My Novel Unforgettable' (This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)

 

Mitsushiro Nakagawa

All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .

www.fotolog.net/yuming/

   

1/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...

2/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...

3/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...

4/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...

5/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...

6/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...

7/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...

8/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...

9/9

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...

Fin.

  

images.

U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin

www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related

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Title of my book : unforgettable'

Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa

Out Now.

 

ISBN978-4-86264-866-2

in Amazon.

Unforgettable’ amzn.asia/d/eG1wNc5

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僕の作品。

 

1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...

2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...

3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...

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あなたは僕の声を聞きたいですか？

:)

 

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw

  

1

フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。１種類目。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw

 

2

フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。２種類目。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=443

 

3

Fotologを始めた時について。 建築家の視点。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=649

 

4

なぜ、今までカメラを手にしなかったのか？

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=708

 

5

何が一番かっこいいのか？　写真はありのままに。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=776

 

6

現在のユーチューバーについて。僕も伝え、残したい。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=964

 

7

日本人の写真家について。日本のユーチューバーはピストルズ。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1059

 

8

写真の構図は、感性。ミラノのデザイナーに会って。二つの質問。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1242

 

9

良い構図とは？　悪い構図とは？

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1482

 

10

カメラを向ける時とは？　ファインダーやディスプレイを覗いていては遅い。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1662

 

11

家族写真。他人では撮れない。被写体の内面。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=1745

 

12

ユーチューブの写真家について。カメラの技術等。感性は、本を読むことで磨く。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=2144

 

13

日本の新聞について。良い新聞の写真はロイター。ダメな写真を見続けるとダメになる。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=2305

 

14

日本の写真家について。その展示について。

まとめ。僕が書いた小説など。僕が最も伝えたいこと。

youtu.be/b1o6Xf-Mjhw?t=2579

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作品制作について 1/2

youtu.be/ZFjqUJn74kM

 

作品制作について 2/2

youtu.be/pZIbXmnXuCw

  

１　それまでの写真展。自分は行きたいと思ったか？

 

２　じゃ、自分が足を運んででも行きたい展示とは何か？

 

３　原宿デザインフェスタで個展を開くまでに、毎月ひとつの作品を展示することにチャレンジ。

 

４　作品とは、素材とシルエット。ファッションと似ている。

 

５　自分が好きなアーティストは誰か？　どんなものなのか？　そこをはっきりさせる。

 

６　コラージュの作成も写真の撮り方と全く同じ。インタビューに書いたように小説の書き方とも同じ。

 

７　誰かに見せたい、見せるがために作品は作らない。写真と同じように自分の部屋に飾りたい作品を目指す。

 

８　パクリとは何か？　昨今、叩かれるパクリ疑惑。ミメーシスとは？

 

　　https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ミメーシス

　　https://kotobank.jp/word/ミメーシス-139464

  

９　個性とはなにか？　オリジナリティってなに？

 

おまけ　眞子さまについて

 

という流れです。

お時間がある方は是非聴いてください。

:)

 

www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/

 

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構図の解説２

 

1.構図の解説２ ... 1/4

youtu.be/yVbvneBIMs8

 

2.構図の解説２ ... 2/4

youtu.be/LToFez9vOAw

 

3.構図の解説２ ... 3/4

youtu.be/uTR0wVi9Z7M

 

4.構図の解説２ ... 4/4

youtu.be/h2LjfU6Vvno

 

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僕のシャッター感覚

 

youtu.be/3JkbGiFLjAM

 

In the Eurostar to Venice . 2005. shot ... 1 / 2

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/49127115021/in/dateposted...

 

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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

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flickr.

www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/

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YouTube.

www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/

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instagram.

www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/

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Pinterest.

www.pinterest.jp/MitsushiroNakagawa/

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YouPic

youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/

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fotolog

www.fotolog.com/stealaway/

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twitter.

twitter.com/mitsushiro

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facebook.

www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa

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threads.

www.threads.net/@mitsushiro_nakagawa

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Blue sky.

bsky.app/profile/mitsushironakagawa.bsky.social

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Amazon.

www.amazon.co.jp/gp/profile/amzn1.account.AHSKI3YMYPYE5UE...

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僕の統計。（2024年2月7日現在）

フリッカー、ユーピクのアクセス数は？

Flickr 21,694,434 View

Youpic 7,003,230 View

 

僕の統計。（2023年11月13日現在）

フリッカー、ユーピクのアクセス数は？

Flickr 20,852,872 View

Youpic 6,671,486 View

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Japanese is the following.

drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...

 

Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2

 

Mitsushiro Nakagawa belong to Lot no.204_ . Copyright©︎2020 Lot no.204_ All rights reserved.

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” Lot No.402_ ” に関するお知らせ。

  

今後、僕は、” Lot No.402_ ”を主催します。

 

このロットナンバーは、眠っていたレオナルドダヴィンチの作品がオークションにかけらた際に付されたものです。

作品にはサインなどがいっさい記されていなかったため、彼の作品だと断定できませんでした。

しかし、様々な鑑定の結果、陽の光を浴びました。

誰にも気づかれない作品。肩書がなくとも静かに語りかける作品。

僕はこれから様々な形で、多くの皆様に提供できるよう努めてゆきます。

 

2020年10月24日 by Mitsushiro - Nakagawa.

 

Copyright©︎2024 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.

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Using Human Persception Modeling conversion of color into black and white, I revisit a few images from the Vintage Revival Montlhery in 2022.

 

With digital, working in color is very easy. But I'm not sure it's the best way to express things all the time. Which is why I keep returning to black and white.

 

The exploration is fun.

February 13, 2008: This building has been demolished.

Taken using a Nikkor 50mm f/1.4 AI manual focus lens (Phil's lens, thanks Phil!).

 

The D300 allows users to enter non-CPU lens data which is great. So it's able to record the f/stop, able to meter and aperture mode works, yay!

 

(Of course you still need to manually set the aperture through the lens)

 

Larger on black

Using the stereo 3D tool in StarTools image processing software on an image of "The Wall" I took a while back. Just stare and cross your eyes for 3D effect.

Usei:

1 camada da base Nail Envy Original, OPI

2 camadas do Seta Vermelha, Colorama

1 camada do Gilded Glitter, Nyx

TC Impala

 

againstbadhairday.blogspot.com.br/2012/12/notd-flocos-dou...

 

Meninas, que papai noel seja bem generoso com todo mundo e feliz natal! hohoho rs...

  

Background texture for Valentine art. Free to use in your art. Thank you for original texture from Flickr member Goam.

When I used to live here, this is sometimes how I would feel -- not bigger and better than everyone else, but as if my whole straining desire to be something great was the size of a giant, and everyone could tell.

 

I took this photograph on an excursion to the art museum last week. Ross and I have just now gotten back from four glorious days in Phuket, where there were lizards everywhere, red dragonflies flitting about, and a soursop tree growing above our hotel room.

The Jacquard head used replaceable punched cards to control a sequence of operations. It is considered an important step in the history of computing hardware. The ability to change the pattern of the loom's weave by simply changing cards was an important conceptual precursor to the development of computer programming and data entry. Charles Babbage knew of Jacquard looms and planned to use cards to store programs in his Analytical engine. In the late 19th century, Herman Hollerith took the idea of using punched cards to store information a step further when he created a punched card tabulating machine which he used to input data for the 1890 U.S. Census. A large, punched-card-based data processing industry developed in the first half of the twentieth century, dominated by the International Business Machine corporation (IBM), with its line of unit record equipment. The cards were used for data, however, with programming done by plugboards.

 

Some early computers, such as the 1944 IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I) received program instructions from a paper tape punched with holes, similar to Jacquard's string of cards. Later computers executed programs from higher-speed memory, though cards were commonly used to load the programs into memory. Punched cards remained in use in computing up until the mid 1980s. In Wikipedia

 

This specimen is in the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry

USE THIS!

Used Canon 600d + Sigma 17-70mm Macro OS + Hoya Variable ND filter.

My Favourite time of year for Galloway..... colours are lovely before the winter arrives

Enough said... Just a great place to hang out...

Rock En Seine 2013

 

www.mathieuezan.com/

twitter.com/MathieuEZAN

I was using the fuji X-Pro 1 for a while with the 35mm 1.4 then sold it.

 

Then i missed it so much i looked into getting a Leica but bank so not so keen!

After looking around on the internet for a manual lens i could get the same usage as a Leica on the XPro i found the Jackar 34mm 1.8....

 

When i got the lens i was shocked how well made it was. A heavy smooth aperture and focus. When the lens is wide open the bokeh is nice! Sharp on the centre and it fades out to the corners kind of like an old lens when shooting film.

 

There seems to be an added bonus of Jackar and thats the meta data tells me the aperture is shooting at f1.0!!

The focus seems to look like a f1.0 as its hard to get it spot on.. but when it is its great!

 

Anyone looking for a very cheap £70 lens to shoot manually at 50mm its a gem;)

  

A personal fav of mine from the trip

I used to make custom motorcycle speedometer faces, (Alien Faces) and this is one that I made for a customer. (These were high resolution printed inserts that was placed OVER your original speedometer face)

He had a WWII P-51 Mustang airplane theme and wanted something fit the theme.

 

We talked about it in e-mail and came up with this, he just had a vague idea as to what he wanted.

 

His motorcycle had a custom paint job on it that had bullet holes and some intentional paint wear, rust, damage, exhaust smudge etc. So, that is what he wanted to continue on this.

 

I know that those with a sharp eye will see that the two gauges have (digitally painted) glass over them. The inner face has broken (digitally painted) glass over it too, AND, not just that, but there was some REAL glass over these. :)

So, that part, while hokey, he loved it, and we both knew it was WAY over the top, but he wanted it that way, so...

 

Also, in real life if those bullet holes were from a German plane, the holes would be larger, so practically NONE of what you see is realistic. (These are .22 caliber size)

 

In my mind I designed this to be like an old plane that was in a plane boneyard and was rusting for years and he came along and saved it. That was how I looked at it, and realism is what I aimed for, although, nothing was realistic in 'real life'. :)

I learned how to do rust, and age things while making this.

 

This was all done in Photoshop after looking online at how planes (especially P-51's) gauges looked. Actually, I couldn't find one, so I looked at other plane gauges and just went with it.

 

He was ex-Air Force so he had to have the Air Force star, and he also wanted the small type in small print about, "War Bird", his bike. (See circular print in the inner ring)

He won some contests with his bike, I saw it in a magazine once.

I did several that were in magazines actually, I had a really good business while it lasted.

(Another guy saw this and wanted one for his bike and he had been a Tomcat pilot, so I made him one for that, I had several pilots actually)

 

Anyway, yeah, it's not realistic, but you just have to open your mind, or, have a shot of tequila, whichever. :)

 

Pomegranate Artpiece Puzzles

1000 pieces, used and complete

27 x 20 in

68.6 x 50.8 cm

 

TED: "The bear in this pussel is in a cage! I fink that's VERY cruel, don't you? I no sum bears is a bit grumpy - not me, I'm a pussycat! - but puttin' 'im in a cage is goin' too far!

Me an' Mum did this pussle in a day becuz we wanted to see 'ow fast we cud do it. It's got a peece of paper wiv it, wiv all the Bs in a long list, an' a pikchur so yew can see ware all the Bs is. I liked this pussel - even if that bear's locked up - an' it wuz compleat."

 

2020 piece count: 91188

Puzzle 98

Using Fujifilm X-H1 and XF70-300 F4-5.6

I used to hang out with this girl all the time, really chill. She cuts my hair for me, and we had a quick photoshoot for payment. I really liked this one, though.

 

Canon 5D Mark II with 50mm 1.8

 

STROBIST:

B800 Camera right through 47" Octabox with both diffusers. Triggered by Cactus V4's. Powered by Vagabond II.

 

Facebook | Twitter | Tumblr | www.GarrettCoyte.com | gcoyte@gmail.com

For your Art only, not for Sale on a Collage Sheet or a CD

Used a Rogue Flash Bender as a snoot and a black backdrop.