Yikes!

photo taken by Jason Russell

The Devaraja market in Mysore was built during the reign of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868 – 1894). It is said that there was at this place a small weekly market which may have been as old as the origin of the city itself.

_______________________

The chili pepper (also chile pepper, chilli pepper, or simply chilli) from Nahuatl chīlli Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃiːli] (About this sound listen)) is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. They are widely used in many cuisines to add spiciness to dishes. The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids.

Chili peppers originated in Mexico. After the Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used for both food and traditional medicine.

Worldwide in 2014, 32.3 million tonnes of green chili peppers and 3.8 million tonnes of dried chili peppers were produced. China is the world's largest producer of green chillies, providing half of the global total.

HISTORY

Chili peppers have been a part of the human diet in the Americas since at least 7500 BCE. The most recent research shows that chili peppers were domesticated more than 6000 years ago in Mexico, in the region that extends across southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca to southeastern Veracruz, and were one of the first self-pollinating crops cultivated in Mexico, Central and parts of South America.

Peru is considered the country with the highest cultivated Capsicum diversity because it is a center of diversification where varieties of all five domesticates were introduced, grown, and consumed in pre-Columbian times. Bolivia is considered to be the country where the largest diversity of wild Capsicum peppers are consumed. Bolivian consumers distinguish two basic forms: ulupicas, species with small round fruits including C. eximium, C. cardenasii, C. eshbaughii, and C. caballeroi landraces; and arivivis with small elongated fruits including C. baccatum var. baccatum and C. chacoense varieties.

Christopher Columbus was one of the first Europeans to encounter them (in the Caribbean), and called them "peppers" because they, like black pepper of the Piper genus known in Europe, have a spicy, hot taste unlike other foodstuffs. Upon their introduction into Europe, chilies were grown as botanical curiosities in the gardens of Spanish and Portuguese monasteries. Christian monks experimented with the culinary potential of chili and discovered that their pungency offered a substitute for black peppercorns, which at the time were so costly that they were used as legal currency in some countries.

Chilies were cultivated around the globe after Indigenous people shared them with travelers. Diego Álvarez Chanca, a physician on Columbus' second voyage to the West Indies in 1493, brought the first chili peppers to Spain and first wrote about their medicinal effects in 1494.

The spread of chili peppers to Asia was most likely a natural consequence of its introduction to Portuguese traders (Lisbon was a common port of call for Spanish ships sailing to and from the Americas) who, aware of its trade value, would have likely promoted its commerce in the Asian spice trade routes then dominated by Portuguese and Arab traders. It was introduced in India by the Portuguese towards the end of 15th century. Today chilies are an integral part of South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.

The chili pepper features heavily in the cuisine of the Goan region of India, which was the site of a Portuguese colony (e.g., vindaloo, an Indian interpretation of a Portuguese dish). Chili peppers journeyed from India, through Central Asia and Turkey, to Hungary, where they became the national spice in the form of paprika.

An alternate, although not so plausible account (no obvious correlation between its dissemination in Asia and Spanish presence or trade routes), defended mostly by Spanish historians, was that from Mexico, at the time a Spanish colony, chili peppers spread into their other colony the Philippines and from there to India, China, Indonesia. To Japan, it was brought by the Portuguese missionaries in 1542, and then later, it was brought to Korea.

In 1995 archaeobotanist Hakon Hjelmqvist published an article in Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift claiming there was evidence for the presence of chili peppers in Europe in pre-Columbian times. According to Hjelmqvist, archaeologists at a dig in St Botulf in Lund found a Capsicum frutescens in a layer from the 13th century. Hjelmqvist thought it came from Asia. Hjelmqvist also said that Capsicum was described by the Greek Theophrastus (370–286 BCE) in his Historia Plantarum, and in other sources. Around the first century CE, the Roman poet Martialis (Martial) mentioned "Piperve crudum" (raw pepper) in Liber XI, XVIII, allegedly describing them as long and containing seeds (a description which seems to fit chili peppers - but could also fit the long pepper, which was well known to ancient Romans).

PRODUCTION

In 2014, world production of fresh green chillies and peppers was 33.2 million tonnes, led by China with 48% of the global total. Global production of dried chillies and peppers was about nine times less than for fresh production, led by India with 32% of the world total.

SPECIES AND CULTIVARS

The five domesticated species of chili peppers are as follows:

Capsicum annuum, which includes many common varieties such as bell peppers, wax, cayenne, jalapeños, chiltepin, and all forms of New Mexico chile.

Capsicum frutescens, which includes malagueta, tabasco and Thai peppers, piri piri, and Malawian Kambuzi

Capsicum chinense, which includes the hottest peppers such as the naga, habanero, Datil and Scotch bonnet

Capsicum pubescens, which includes the South American rocoto peppers

Capsicum baccatum, which includes the South American aji peppers

Though there are only a few commonly used species, there are many cultivars and methods of preparing chili peppers that have different names for culinary use. Green and red bell peppers, for example, are the same cultivar of C. annuum, immature peppers being green. In the same species are the jalapeño, the poblano (which when dried is referred to as ancho), New Mexico, serrano, and other cultivars.

Peppers are commonly broken down into three groupings: bell peppers, sweet peppers, and hot peppers. Most popular pepper varieties are seen as falling into one of these categories or as a cross between them.

INTENSITY

The substances that give chili peppers their pungency (spicy heat) when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) and several related chemicals, collectively called capsaicinoids. The quantity of capsaicin varies by variety, and on growing conditions. Water stressed peppers usually produce stronger pods. When a habanero plant is stressed, for example low water, the concentration of capsaicin increases in some parts of the fruit.

When peppers are consumed, capsaicin binds with pain receptors in the mouth and throat, potentially evoking pain via spinal relays to the brainstem and thalamus where heat and discomfort are perceived. The intensity of the "heat" of chili peppers is commonly reported in Scoville heat units (SHU). Historically, it was a measure of the dilution of an amount of chili extract added to sugar syrup before its heat becomes undetectable to a panel of tasters; the more it has to be diluted to be undetectable, the more powerful the variety, and therefore the higher the rating. The modern method is a quantitative analysis of SHU using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to directly measure the capsaicinoid content of a chili pepper variety. Pure capsaicin is a hydrophobic, colorless, odorless, and crystalline-to-waxy solid at room temperature, and measures 16,000,000 SHU.

USE

CULINARY USES

Chili pepper pods, which are berries, are used fresh or dried. Chilies are dried to preserve them for long periods of time, which may also be done by pickling.

Dried chilies are often ground into powders, although many Mexican dishes including variations on chiles rellenos use the entire chili. Dried whole chilies may be reconstituted before grinding to a paste. The chipotle is the smoked, dried, ripe jalapeño.

Many fresh chilies such as poblano have a tough outer skin that does not break down on cooking. Chilies are sometimes used whole or in large slices, by roasting, or other means of blistering or charring the skin, so as not to entirely cook the flesh beneath. When cooled, the skins will usually slip off easily.

The leaves of every species of Capsicum are edible. Though almost all other Solanaceous crops have toxins in their leaves, chili peppers do not. The leaves, which are mildly bitter and nowhere near as hot as the fruit, are cooked as greens in Filipino cuisine, where they are called dahon ng sili (literally "chili leaves"). They are used in the chicken soup tinola. In Korean cuisine, the leaves may be used in kimchi. In Japanese cuisine, the leaves are cooked as greens, and also cooked in tsukudani style for preservation.

Chili is by far the most important fruit in Bhutan. Local markets are never without chilies in different colors and sizes, in fresh and dried form. Bhutanese call this crop ema (in Dzongkha) or solo (in Sharchop). Chili is a staple fruit in Bhutan; the ema datsi recipe is entirely made of chili mixed with local cheese. Chili is also an important ingredient in almost all curries and food recipes in the country.

In India, most households always keep a stack of fresh hot green chilies at hand, and use them to flavor most curries and dry dishes. It is typically lightly fried with oil in the initial stages of preparation of the dish. Some states in India, such as Rajasthan, make entire dishes only by using spices and chilies.

Chilies are present in many cuisines. Some notable dishes other than the ones mentioned elsewhere in this article include:

Arrabbiata sauce from Italy is a tomato-based sauce for pasta always including dried hot chilies.

Puttanesca sauce is tomato-based with olives, capers, anchovy and, sometimes, chilies.

Paprikash from Hungary uses significant amounts of mild, ground, dried chilies, known as paprika, in a braised chicken dish.

Chiles en nogada from the Puebla region of Mexico uses fresh mild chilies stuffed with meat and covered with a creamy nut-thickened sauce.

Curry dishes usually contain fresh or dried chillies.

Kung pao chicken (Mandarin Chinese: 宫保鸡丁 gōng bǎo jī dīng) from the Sichuan region of China uses small hot dried chilies briefly fried in oil to add spice to the oil then used for frying.

Mole poblano from the city of Puebla in Mexico uses several varieties of dried chilies, nuts, spices, and fruits to produce a thick, dark sauce for poultry or other meats.

Nam phrik are traditional Thai chili pastes and sauces, prepared with chopped fresh or dry chilies, and additional ingredients such as fish sauce, lime juice, and herbs, but also fruit, meat or seafood.

'Nduja, a more typical example of Italian spicy specialty, from the region of Calabria, is a soft pork sausage made "hot" by the addition of the locally grown variety of jalapeño chili.

Paprykarz szczeciński is a Polish fish paste with rice, onion, tomato concentrate, vegetable oil, chili pepper powder and other spices.

Sambal terasi or sambal belacan is a traditional Indonesian and Malay hot condiment made by frying a mixture of mainly pounded dried chillies, with garlic, shallots, and fermented shrimp paste. It is customarily served with rice dishes and is especially popular when mixed with crunchy pan-roasted ikan teri or ikan bilis (sun-dried anchovies), when it is known as sambal teri or sambal ikan bilis. Various sambal variants existed in Indonesian archipelago, among others are sambal badjak, sambal oelek, sambal pete (prepared with green stinky beans) and sambal pencit (prepared with unripe green mango).

Som tam, a green papaya salad from Thai and Lao cuisine, traditionally has, as a key ingredient, a fistful of chopped fresh hot Thai chili, pounded in a mortar.

Fresh or dried chilies are often used to make hot sauce, a liquid condiment - usually bottled when commercially available - that adds spice to other dishes. Hot sauces are found in many cuisines including harissa from North Africa, chili oil from China (known as rāyu in Japan), and sriracha from Thailand.

Capsaicin is also the primary component in pepper spray, a less-than-lethal weapon.

PSYCHOLOGY

Psychologist Paul Rozin suggests that eating chilies is an example of a "constrained risk" like riding a roller coaster, in which extreme sensations like pain and fear can be enjoyed because individuals know that these sensations are not actually harmful. This method lets people experience extreme feelings without any risk of bodily harm.

MEDICINAL

Capsaicin, the chemical in chili peppers that makes them hot, is used as an analgesic in topical ointments, nasal sprays, and dermal patches to relieve pain.

PEPPER SPRAY

Capsaicin extracted from chilies is used in pepper spray as an irritant, a form of less-lethal weapon.

CROP DEFENSE

Conflicts between farmers and elephants have long been widespread in African and Asian countries, where elephants nightly destroy crops, raid grain houses, and sometimes kill people. Farmers have found the use of chilies effective in crop defense against elephants. Elephants do not like capsaicin, the chemical in chilies that makes them hot. Because the elephants have a large and sensitive olfactory and nasal system, the smell of the chili causes them discomfort and deters them from feeding on the crops. By planting a few rows of the pungent fruit around valuable crops, farmers create a buffer zone through which the elephants are reluctant to pass. Chilly-Dung Bombs are also used for this purpose. They are bricks made of mixing dung and chili, and are burned, creating a noxious smoke that keeps hungry elephants out of farmers' fields. This can lessen dangerous physical confrontation between people and elephants.

FOOD DEFENSE

Birds do not have the same sensitivity to capsaicin, because it targets a specific pain receptor in mammals. Chili peppers are eaten by birds living in the chili peppers' natural range, possibly contributing to seed dispersal and evolution of the protective capsaicin in chili peppers.

NUTRITIONAL VALUE

While red chilies contain large amounts of vitamin C (table), other species contain significant amounts of provitamin A beta-carotene. In addition, peppers are a rich source of vitamin B6

SPELLING AND USAGE

The three primary spellings are chili, chile and chilli, all of which are recognized by dictionaries.

Chili is widely used in historically Anglophone regions of the United States and Canada. However, it is also commonly used as a short name for chili con carne (literally "chili with meat"). Most versions are seasoned with chili powder, which can refer to pure dried, ground chili peppers, or to a mixture containing other spices.

Chile is the most common Spanish spelling in Mexico and several other Latin American countries, as well as some parts of the United States and Canada, which refers specifically to this plant and its fruit. In the Southwest United States (particularly New Mexico), chile also denotes a thick, spicy, un-vinegared sauce made from this fruit, available in red and green varieties, and served over the local food, while chili denotes the meat dish. The plural is chile or chiles.

Chilli was the original Romanization of the Náhuatl language word for the fruit (chīlli) and is the preferred British spelling according to the Oxford English Dictionary, although it also lists chile and chili as variants. Chilli (and its plural chillies) is the most common spelling in Australia, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore and South Africa.

The name of the plant is almost certainly unrelated to that of Chile, the country, which has an uncertain etymology perhaps relating to local place names. Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico are some of the Spanish-speaking countries where chilies are known as ají, a word of Taíno origin. Though pepper originally referred to the genus Piper, not Capsicum, the latter usage is included in English dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary (sense 2b of pepper) and Merriam-Webster. The word pepper is also commonly used in the botanical and culinary fields in the names of different types of chili plants and their fruits.

WIKIPEDIA

bit.ly/13Zxbo1 - Cell Phone Tracking Software 5 Tips Parents Need To Know for Cell Phone Spy Smartphone Monitoring Mobile phone spy monitoring and tracking software can help inform parents of their children's activities, and help businesses protect sensitive data. mSpy provides undetectable features across an array of communication options on target user smartphones and tablets. No doubt cell phones have played a crucial role in enabling parents to keep in a better touch with teens, but threats like 'sexting' and 'cyber bullying' have many parents concerned where most are wondering if it is worth it. Teens rarely pursue cell phone privileges these days. Rather they tend to share personal details with strangers in form of talking and texting in the wee hours of morning. They can also start neglecting their school assignments which leads them to feel embarrassed and fear the loss of their cell phone use. In such a set-up, teens won't share the root cause of their issues with parents because their cell phone privileges are at stake. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 In the scenario like above, parents need to know the secrets of smart parenting! Below are some useful tips to monitor your teens' safety while using cell phone. 1) Spare some time to teach them to the pitfalls of sexting and other internet dangers that surface due to inappropriate use of a cell phone. 2) Take some interest in their social life, start keeping an eye on certain things like who they are calling and texting and at what time. Monitor their calls, no one will know they are being monitored. 3) Instruct your teens not to share any personal information with strangers. 4) In case your teens have gone too far abusing the cell phone privileges, installing mobile monitoring software onto their cell phone would be the next best step. To protect and monitor your children 24/7 even when they're away. 5) Protect them from cyber-bulling and online threats. Safeguard your family. mSpy is a customizable phone spy app for smartphones and tablets which provides advanced mobile phone spy tracking and monitoring options between devices. Home and Business solutions from mSpy offer specific features designed for each environment. The mSpy phone spy home version gives parents the option of listening to incoming or outgoing phone calls, logging and tracking SMS messages, viewing photos and browser history, and tracking GPS location and viewing history. A newly provided feature allows tracking of Skype and Whatsapp activity. A complete list of features for the home version of mSpy can be found by going to Mobile Phone Spy. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 Subsribe to our channel to receive more info about: cell phone spy software cell phone spy software free download cell phone spy software reviews cell phone spy software remote installation cell phone spy software iphone cell phone spy software free trial cheating spouse cell phone iphone spy software spybubble mSpy mobistealth Samsung SGH-T959 Vibrant Samsung Galaxy S II SGH-T989 HTC myTouch 4G (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit II 4G SGH-T679 LG T-Mobile myTouch E739 LG P999 G2x (T-Mobie) LG LG Optimus T (T-Mobile) Nokia Nuron 5230 (unlocked) HTC G2 A6161 (T-Mobile) LG P509 Motorola DROID A855 (VZW) Samsung Gravity SMART SGH-T589 Samsung Highlight T749 (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit 4G SGH-T759 Samsung Behold T919 (T-Mobile) LG Doubleplay C729 Samsung Gravity T T669 (T-Mobile) HTC Amaze 4G Samsung Dart SGH-T499 Samsung Memoir T929 (T-Mobile) Samsung A777 (AT&T) Samsung Evergreen A667 (ATT) Samsung Rugby II A847 (AT&T) Pantech Ease P2020 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson Xperia X10a (AT&T) Pantech Pursuit P9020 (AT&T) Huawei U2800 ZTE R225 (unlocked) Samsung A237 (AT&T) Nokia 6350 (AT&T) Nokia 2330 (AT&T) Samsung Captivate I897 (AT&T) Nokia 6085 Pantech Breeze C520 (AT&T) Motorola BACKFLIP MB300 (AT&T) Samsung A437 (AT&T) Nokia 2600 (AT&T) Nokia 2720 (AT&T) ZTE F160 (ATT) Pantech Breeze II P2000 (AT&T) Nokia 6030 Nokia 2610 (AT&T) LG P505 Motorola Flipside MB508 (ATT) Samsung A117 (AT&T) Pantech P5000 BlackBerry Curve 3G 9300 (ATT) LG CU515 (AT&T) BlackBerry Bold 9700 (AT&T) BlackBerry Curve 8520 (AT&T) Samsung Jack i637 (AT&T) Pantech P6010 Motorola ROKR EM330 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson W580i Nokia 6126 (AT&T) Nokia 6102i bit.ly/13ZxbVd

bit.ly/13Zxbo1 - Cell Phone Tracking Software 5 Tips Parents Need To Know for Cell Phone Spy Smartphone Monitoring Mobile phone spy monitoring and tracking software can help inform parents of their children's activities, and help businesses protect sensitive data. mSpy provides undetectable features across an array of communication options on target user smartphones and tablets. No doubt cell phones have played a crucial role in enabling parents to keep in a better touch with teens, but threats like 'sexting' and 'cyber bullying' have many parents concerned where most are wondering if it is worth it. Teens rarely pursue cell phone privileges these days. Rather they tend to share personal details with strangers in form of talking and texting in the wee hours of morning. They can also start neglecting their school assignments which leads them to feel embarrassed and fear the loss of their cell phone use. In such a set-up, teens won't share the root cause of their issues with parents because their cell phone privileges are at stake. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 In the scenario like above, parents need to know the secrets of smart parenting! Below are some useful tips to monitor your teens' safety while using cell phone. 1) Spare some time to teach them to the pitfalls of sexting and other internet dangers that surface due to inappropriate use of a cell phone. 2) Take some interest in their social life, start keeping an eye on certain things like who they are calling and texting and at what time. Monitor their calls, no one will know they are being monitored. 3) Instruct your teens not to share any personal information with strangers. 4) In case your teens have gone too far abusing the cell phone privileges, installing mobile monitoring software onto their cell phone would be the next best step. To protect and monitor your children 24/7 even when they're away. 5) Protect them from cyber-bulling and online threats. Safeguard your family. mSpy is a customizable phone spy app for smartphones and tablets which provides advanced mobile phone spy tracking and monitoring options between devices. Home and Business solutions from mSpy offer specific features designed for each environment. The mSpy phone spy home version gives parents the option of listening to incoming or outgoing phone calls, logging and tracking SMS messages, viewing photos and browser history, and tracking GPS location and viewing history. A newly provided feature allows tracking of Skype and Whatsapp activity. A complete list of features for the home version of mSpy can be found by going to Mobile Phone Spy. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 Subsribe to our channel to receive more info about: cell phone spy software cell phone spy software free download cell phone spy software reviews cell phone spy software remote installation cell phone spy software iphone cell phone spy software free trial cheating spouse cell phone iphone spy software spybubble mSpy mobistealth Samsung SGH-T959 Vibrant Samsung Galaxy S II SGH-T989 HTC myTouch 4G (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit II 4G SGH-T679 LG T-Mobile myTouch E739 LG P999 G2x (T-Mobie) LG LG Optimus T (T-Mobile) Nokia Nuron 5230 (unlocked) HTC G2 A6161 (T-Mobile) LG P509 Motorola DROID A855 (VZW) Samsung Gravity SMART SGH-T589 Samsung Highlight T749 (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit 4G SGH-T759 Samsung Behold T919 (T-Mobile) LG Doubleplay C729 Samsung Gravity T T669 (T-Mobile) HTC Amaze 4G Samsung Dart SGH-T499 Samsung Memoir T929 (T-Mobile) Samsung A777 (AT&T) Samsung Evergreen A667 (ATT) Samsung Rugby II A847 (AT&T) Pantech Ease P2020 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson Xperia X10a (AT&T) Pantech Pursuit P9020 (AT&T) Huawei U2800 ZTE R225 (unlocked) Samsung A237 (AT&T) Nokia 6350 (AT&T) Nokia 2330 (AT&T) Samsung Captivate I897 (AT&T) Nokia 6085 Pantech Breeze C520 (AT&T) Motorola BACKFLIP MB300 (AT&T) Samsung A437 (AT&T) Nokia 2600 (AT&T) Nokia 2720 (AT&T) ZTE F160 (ATT) Pantech Breeze II P2000 (AT&T) Nokia 6030 Nokia 2610 (AT&T) LG P505 Motorola Flipside MB508 (ATT) Samsung A117 (AT&T) Pantech P5000 BlackBerry Curve 3G 9300 (ATT) LG CU515 (AT&T) BlackBerry Bold 9700 (AT&T) BlackBerry Curve 8520 (AT&T) Samsung Jack i637 (AT&T) Pantech P6010 Motorola ROKR EM330 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson W580i Nokia 6126 (AT&T) Nokia 6102i bit.ly/18qjH8s

Features of the Belly Ups Maternity Suspenders:

*Machine washable

*Undetectable under clothing

*One size fits all

*For longer-waisted women attach Belly Ups vertically, for shorter-waisted women attach Belly Ups diagonally

*Won’t damage clothing

*Made from the finest nylon elastic

*Keep low-rise pants snug, secure and in place

*Not just for pregnancy, works for women of all sizes

This one hasn't been cheap, at about $10 million, but like the discovery of the Higgs boson — dubbed the "God particle" by some — earlier this year in Switzerland, the detection of dark matter would be a seismic occurrence in the scientific community. Scientists know dark matter exists by its gravitational pull but, unlike regular matter and antimatter, it's so far been undetectable. Regular matter accounts for about 4 percent of the universe's mass, and dark matter makes up about 25 percent. The rest is dark energy, which is also a mystery.

bit.ly/13Zxbo1 - Cell Phone Tracking Software 5 Tips Parents Need To Know for Cell Phone Spy Smartphone Monitoring Mobile phone spy monitoring and tracking software can help inform parents of their children's activities, and help businesses protect sensitive data. mSpy provides undetectable features across an array of communication options on target user smartphones and tablets. No doubt cell phones have played a crucial role in enabling parents to keep in a better touch with teens, but threats like 'sexting' and 'cyber bullying' have many parents concerned where most are wondering if it is worth it. Teens rarely pursue cell phone privileges these days. Rather they tend to share personal details with strangers in form of talking and texting in the wee hours of morning. They can also start neglecting their school assignments which leads them to feel embarrassed and fear the loss of their cell phone use. In such a set-up, teens won't share the root cause of their issues with parents because their cell phone privileges are at stake. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 In the scenario like above, parents need to know the secrets of smart parenting! Below are some useful tips to monitor your teens' safety while using cell phone. 1) Spare some time to teach them to the pitfalls of sexting and other internet dangers that surface due to inappropriate use of a cell phone. 2) Take some interest in their social life, start keeping an eye on certain things like who they are calling and texting and at what time. Monitor their calls, no one will know they are being monitored. 3) Instruct your teens not to share any personal information with strangers. 4) In case your teens have gone too far abusing the cell phone privileges, installing mobile monitoring software onto their cell phone would be the next best step. To protect and monitor your children 24/7 even when they're away. 5) Protect them from cyber-bulling and online threats. Safeguard your family. mSpy is a customizable phone spy app for smartphones and tablets which provides advanced mobile phone spy tracking and monitoring options between devices. Home and Business solutions from mSpy offer specific features designed for each environment. The mSpy phone spy home version gives parents the option of listening to incoming or outgoing phone calls, logging and tracking SMS messages, viewing photos and browser history, and tracking GPS location and viewing history. A newly provided feature allows tracking of Skype and Whatsapp activity. A complete list of features for the home version of mSpy can be found by going to Mobile Phone Spy. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 Subsribe to our channel to receive more info about: cell phone spy software cell phone spy software free download cell phone spy software reviews cell phone spy software remote installation cell phone spy software iphone cell phone spy software free trial cheating spouse cell phone iphone spy software spybubble mSpy mobistealth Samsung SGH-T959 Vibrant Samsung Galaxy S II SGH-T989 HTC myTouch 4G (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit II 4G SGH-T679 LG T-Mobile myTouch E739 LG P999 G2x (T-Mobie) LG LG Optimus T (T-Mobile) Nokia Nuron 5230 (unlocked) HTC G2 A6161 (T-Mobile) LG P509 Motorola DROID A855 (VZW) Samsung Gravity SMART SGH-T589 Samsung Highlight T749 (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit 4G SGH-T759 Samsung Behold T919 (T-Mobile) LG Doubleplay C729 Samsung Gravity T T669 (T-Mobile) HTC Amaze 4G Samsung Dart SGH-T499 Samsung Memoir T929 (T-Mobile) Samsung A777 (AT&T) Samsung Evergreen A667 (ATT) Samsung Rugby II A847 (AT&T) Pantech Ease P2020 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson Xperia X10a (AT&T) Pantech Pursuit P9020 (AT&T) Huawei U2800 ZTE R225 (unlocked) Samsung A237 (AT&T) Nokia 6350 (AT&T) Nokia 2330 (AT&T) Samsung Captivate I897 (AT&T) Nokia 6085 Pantech Breeze C520 (AT&T) Motorola BACKFLIP MB300 (AT&T) Samsung A437 (AT&T) Nokia 2600 (AT&T) Nokia 2720 (AT&T) ZTE F160 (ATT) Pantech Breeze II P2000 (AT&T) Nokia 6030 Nokia 2610 (AT&T) LG P505 Motorola Flipside MB508 (ATT) Samsung A117 (AT&T) Pantech P5000 BlackBerry Curve 3G 9300 (ATT) LG CU515 (AT&T) BlackBerry Bold 9700 (AT&T) BlackBerry Curve 8520 (AT&T) Samsung Jack i637 (AT&T) Pantech P6010 Motorola ROKR EM330 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson W580i Nokia 6126 (AT&T) Nokia 6102i bit.ly/18qjG4k

bit.ly/13Zxbo1 - Cell Phone Tracking Software 5 Tips Parents Need To Know for Cell Phone Spy Smartphone Monitoring Mobile phone spy monitoring and tracking software can help inform parents of their children's activities, and help businesses protect sensitive data. mSpy provides undetectable features across an array of communication options on target user smartphones and tablets. No doubt cell phones have played a crucial role in enabling parents to keep in a better touch with teens, but threats like 'sexting' and 'cyber bullying' have many parents concerned where most are wondering if it is worth it. Teens rarely pursue cell phone privileges these days. Rather they tend to share personal details with strangers in form of talking and texting in the wee hours of morning. They can also start neglecting their school assignments which leads them to feel embarrassed and fear the loss of their cell phone use. In such a set-up, teens won't share the root cause of their issues with parents because their cell phone privileges are at stake. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 In the scenario like above, parents need to know the secrets of smart parenting! Below are some useful tips to monitor your teens' safety while using cell phone. 1) Spare some time to teach them to the pitfalls of sexting and other internet dangers that surface due to inappropriate use of a cell phone. 2) Take some interest in their social life, start keeping an eye on certain things like who they are calling and texting and at what time. Monitor their calls, no one will know they are being monitored. 3) Instruct your teens not to share any personal information with strangers. 4) In case your teens have gone too far abusing the cell phone privileges, installing mobile monitoring software onto their cell phone would be the next best step. To protect and monitor your children 24/7 even when they're away. 5) Protect them from cyber-bulling and online threats. Safeguard your family. mSpy is a customizable phone spy app for smartphones and tablets which provides advanced mobile phone spy tracking and monitoring options between devices. Home and Business solutions from mSpy offer specific features designed for each environment. The mSpy phone spy home version gives parents the option of listening to incoming or outgoing phone calls, logging and tracking SMS messages, viewing photos and browser history, and tracking GPS location and viewing history. A newly provided feature allows tracking of Skype and Whatsapp activity. A complete list of features for the home version of mSpy can be found by going to Mobile Phone Spy. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 Subsribe to our channel to receive more info about: cell phone spy software cell phone spy software free download cell phone spy software reviews cell phone spy software remote installation cell phone spy software iphone cell phone spy software free trial cheating spouse cell phone iphone spy software spybubble mSpy mobistealth Samsung SGH-T959 Vibrant Samsung Galaxy S II SGH-T989 HTC myTouch 4G (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit II 4G SGH-T679 LG T-Mobile myTouch E739 LG P999 G2x (T-Mobie) LG LG Optimus T (T-Mobile) Nokia Nuron 5230 (unlocked) HTC G2 A6161 (T-Mobile) LG P509 Motorola DROID A855 (VZW) Samsung Gravity SMART SGH-T589 Samsung Highlight T749 (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit 4G SGH-T759 Samsung Behold T919 (T-Mobile) LG Doubleplay C729 Samsung Gravity T T669 (T-Mobile) HTC Amaze 4G Samsung Dart SGH-T499 Samsung Memoir T929 (T-Mobile) Samsung A777 (AT&T) Samsung Evergreen A667 (ATT) Samsung Rugby II A847 (AT&T) Pantech Ease P2020 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson Xperia X10a (AT&T) Pantech Pursuit P9020 (AT&T) Huawei U2800 ZTE R225 (unlocked) Samsung A237 (AT&T) Nokia 6350 (AT&T) Nokia 2330 (AT&T) Samsung Captivate I897 (AT&T) Nokia 6085 Pantech Breeze C520 (AT&T) Motorola BACKFLIP MB300 (AT&T) Samsung A437 (AT&T) Nokia 2600 (AT&T) Nokia 2720 (AT&T) ZTE F160 (ATT) Pantech Breeze II P2000 (AT&T) Nokia 6030 Nokia 2610 (AT&T) LG P505 Motorola Flipside MB508 (ATT) Samsung A117 (AT&T) Pantech P5000 BlackBerry Curve 3G 9300 (ATT) LG CU515 (AT&T) BlackBerry Bold 9700 (AT&T) BlackBerry Curve 8520 (AT&T) Samsung Jack i637 (AT&T) Pantech P6010 Motorola ROKR EM330 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson W580i Nokia 6126 (AT&T) Nokia 6102i bit.ly/18qjFNM

The chili pepper (also chile pepper, chilli pepper, or simply chilli) from Nahuatl chīlli Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃiːli] (About this sound listen)) is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. They are widely used in many cuisines to add spiciness to dishes. The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids.

Chili peppers originated in Mexico. After the Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used for both food and traditional medicine.

Worldwide in 2014, 32.3 million tonnes of green chili peppers and 3.8 million tonnes of dried chili peppers were produced. China is the world's largest producer of green chillies, providing half of the global total.

HISTORY

Chili peppers have been a part of the human diet in the Americas since at least 7500 BCE. The most recent research shows that chili peppers were domesticated more than 6000 years ago in Mexico, in the region that extends across southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca to southeastern Veracruz, and were one of the first self-pollinating crops cultivated in Mexico, Central and parts of South America.

Peru is considered the country with the highest cultivated Capsicum diversity because it is a center of diversification where varieties of all five domesticates were introduced, grown, and consumed in pre-Columbian times. Bolivia is considered to be the country where the largest diversity of wild Capsicum peppers are consumed. Bolivian consumers distinguish two basic forms: ulupicas, species with small round fruits including C. eximium, C. cardenasii, C. eshbaughii, and C. caballeroi landraces; and arivivis with small elongated fruits including C. baccatum var. baccatum and C. chacoense varieties.

Christopher Columbus was one of the first Europeans to encounter them (in the Caribbean), and called them "peppers" because they, like black pepper of the Piper genus known in Europe, have a spicy, hot taste unlike other foodstuffs. Upon their introduction into Europe, chilies were grown as botanical curiosities in the gardens of Spanish and Portuguese monasteries. Christian monks experimented with the culinary potential of chili and discovered that their pungency offered a substitute for black peppercorns, which at the time were so costly that they were used as legal currency in some countries.

Chilies were cultivated around the globe after Indigenous people shared them with travelers. Diego Álvarez Chanca, a physician on Columbus' second voyage to the West Indies in 1493, brought the first chili peppers to Spain and first wrote about their medicinal effects in 1494.

The spread of chili peppers to Asia was most likely a natural consequence of its introduction to Portuguese traders (Lisbon was a common port of call for Spanish ships sailing to and from the Americas) who, aware of its trade value, would have likely promoted its commerce in the Asian spice trade routes then dominated by Portuguese and Arab traders. It was introduced in India by the Portuguese towards the end of 15th century. Today chilies are an integral part of South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.

The chili pepper features heavily in the cuisine of the Goan region of India, which was the site of a Portuguese colony (e.g., vindaloo, an Indian interpretation of a Portuguese dish). Chili peppers journeyed from India, through Central Asia and Turkey, to Hungary, where they became the national spice in the form of paprika.

An alternate, although not so plausible account (no obvious correlation between its dissemination in Asia and Spanish presence or trade routes), defended mostly by Spanish historians, was that from Mexico, at the time a Spanish colony, chili peppers spread into their other colony the Philippines and from there to India, China, Indonesia. To Japan, it was brought by the Portuguese missionaries in 1542, and then later, it was brought to Korea.

In 1995 archaeobotanist Hakon Hjelmqvist published an article in Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift claiming there was evidence for the presence of chili peppers in Europe in pre-Columbian times. According to Hjelmqvist, archaeologists at a dig in St Botulf in Lund found a Capsicum frutescens in a layer from the 13th century. Hjelmqvist thought it came from Asia. Hjelmqvist also said that Capsicum was described by the Greek Theophrastus (370–286 BCE) in his Historia Plantarum, and in other sources. Around the first century CE, the Roman poet Martialis (Martial) mentioned "Piperve crudum" (raw pepper) in Liber XI, XVIII, allegedly describing them as long and containing seeds (a description which seems to fit chili peppers - but could also fit the long pepper, which was well known to ancient Romans).

PRODUCTION

In 2014, world production of fresh green chillies and peppers was 33.2 million tonnes, led by China with 48% of the global total. Global production of dried chillies and peppers was about nine times less than for fresh production, led by India with 32% of the world total.

SPECIES AND CULTIVARS

The five domesticated species of chili peppers are as follows:

Capsicum annuum, which includes many common varieties such as bell peppers, wax, cayenne, jalapeños, chiltepin, and all forms of New Mexico chile.

Capsicum frutescens, which includes malagueta, tabasco and Thai peppers, piri piri, and Malawian Kambuzi

Capsicum chinense, which includes the hottest peppers such as the naga, habanero, Datil and Scotch bonnet

Capsicum pubescens, which includes the South American rocoto peppers

Capsicum baccatum, which includes the South American aji peppers

Though there are only a few commonly used species, there are many cultivars and methods of preparing chili peppers that have different names for culinary use. Green and red bell peppers, for example, are the same cultivar of C. annuum, immature peppers being green. In the same species are the jalapeño, the poblano (which when dried is referred to as ancho), New Mexico, serrano, and other cultivars.

Peppers are commonly broken down into three groupings: bell peppers, sweet peppers, and hot peppers. Most popular pepper varieties are seen as falling into one of these categories or as a cross between them.

INTENSITY

The substances that give chili peppers their pungency (spicy heat) when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) and several related chemicals, collectively called capsaicinoids. The quantity of capsaicin varies by variety, and on growing conditions. Water stressed peppers usually produce stronger pods. When a habanero plant is stressed, for example low water, the concentration of capsaicin increases in some parts of the fruit.

When peppers are consumed, capsaicin binds with pain receptors in the mouth and throat, potentially evoking pain via spinal relays to the brainstem and thalamus where heat and discomfort are perceived. The intensity of the "heat" of chili peppers is commonly reported in Scoville heat units (SHU). Historically, it was a measure of the dilution of an amount of chili extract added to sugar syrup before its heat becomes undetectable to a panel of tasters; the more it has to be diluted to be undetectable, the more powerful the variety, and therefore the higher the rating. The modern method is a quantitative analysis of SHU using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to directly measure the capsaicinoid content of a chili pepper variety. Pure capsaicin is a hydrophobic, colorless, odorless, and crystalline-to-waxy solid at room temperature, and measures 16,000,000 SHU.

USE

CULINARY USES

Chili pepper pods, which are berries, are used fresh or dried. Chilies are dried to preserve them for long periods of time, which may also be done by pickling.

Dried chilies are often ground into powders, although many Mexican dishes including variations on chiles rellenos use the entire chili. Dried whole chilies may be reconstituted before grinding to a paste. The chipotle is the smoked, dried, ripe jalapeño.

Many fresh chilies such as poblano have a tough outer skin that does not break down on cooking. Chilies are sometimes used whole or in large slices, by roasting, or other means of blistering or charring the skin, so as not to entirely cook the flesh beneath. When cooled, the skins will usually slip off easily.

The leaves of every species of Capsicum are edible. Though almost all other Solanaceous crops have toxins in their leaves, chili peppers do not. The leaves, which are mildly bitter and nowhere near as hot as the fruit, are cooked as greens in Filipino cuisine, where they are called dahon ng sili (literally "chili leaves"). They are used in the chicken soup tinola. In Korean cuisine, the leaves may be used in kimchi. In Japanese cuisine, the leaves are cooked as greens, and also cooked in tsukudani style for preservation.

Chili is by far the most important fruit in Bhutan. Local markets are never without chilies in different colors and sizes, in fresh and dried form. Bhutanese call this crop ema (in Dzongkha) or solo (in Sharchop). Chili is a staple fruit in Bhutan; the ema datsi recipe is entirely made of chili mixed with local cheese. Chili is also an important ingredient in almost all curries and food recipes in the country.

In India, most households always keep a stack of fresh hot green chilies at hand, and use them to flavor most curries and dry dishes. It is typically lightly fried with oil in the initial stages of preparation of the dish. Some states in India, such as Rajasthan, make entire dishes only by using spices and chilies.

Chilies are present in many cuisines. Some notable dishes other than the ones mentioned elsewhere in this article include:

Arrabbiata sauce from Italy is a tomato-based sauce for pasta always including dried hot chilies.

Puttanesca sauce is tomato-based with olives, capers, anchovy and, sometimes, chilies.

Paprikash from Hungary uses significant amounts of mild, ground, dried chilies, known as paprika, in a braised chicken dish.

Chiles en nogada from the Puebla region of Mexico uses fresh mild chilies stuffed with meat and covered with a creamy nut-thickened sauce.

Curry dishes usually contain fresh or dried chillies.

Kung pao chicken (Mandarin Chinese: 宫保鸡丁 gōng bǎo jī dīng) from the Sichuan region of China uses small hot dried chilies briefly fried in oil to add spice to the oil then used for frying.

Mole poblano from the city of Puebla in Mexico uses several varieties of dried chilies, nuts, spices, and fruits to produce a thick, dark sauce for poultry or other meats.

Nam phrik are traditional Thai chili pastes and sauces, prepared with chopped fresh or dry chilies, and additional ingredients such as fish sauce, lime juice, and herbs, but also fruit, meat or seafood.

'Nduja, a more typical example of Italian spicy specialty, from the region of Calabria, is a soft pork sausage made "hot" by the addition of the locally grown variety of jalapeño chili.

Paprykarz szczeciński is a Polish fish paste with rice, onion, tomato concentrate, vegetable oil, chili pepper powder and other spices.

Sambal terasi or sambal belacan is a traditional Indonesian and Malay hot condiment made by frying a mixture of mainly pounded dried chillies, with garlic, shallots, and fermented shrimp paste. It is customarily served with rice dishes and is especially popular when mixed with crunchy pan-roasted ikan teri or ikan bilis (sun-dried anchovies), when it is known as sambal teri or sambal ikan bilis. Various sambal variants existed in Indonesian archipelago, among others are sambal badjak, sambal oelek, sambal pete (prepared with green stinky beans) and sambal pencit (prepared with unripe green mango).

Som tam, a green papaya salad from Thai and Lao cuisine, traditionally has, as a key ingredient, a fistful of chopped fresh hot Thai chili, pounded in a mortar.

Fresh or dried chilies are often used to make hot sauce, a liquid condiment - usually bottled when commercially available - that adds spice to other dishes. Hot sauces are found in many cuisines including harissa from North Africa, chili oil from China (known as rāyu in Japan), and sriracha from Thailand.

Capsaicin is also the primary component in pepper spray, a less-than-lethal weapon.

PSYCHOLOGY

Psychologist Paul Rozin suggests that eating chilies is an example of a "constrained risk" like riding a roller coaster, in which extreme sensations like pain and fear can be enjoyed because individuals know that these sensations are not actually harmful. This method lets people experience extreme feelings without any risk of bodily harm.

MEDICINAL

Capsaicin, the chemical in chili peppers that makes them hot, is used as an analgesic in topical ointments, nasal sprays, and dermal patches to relieve pain.

PEPPER SPRAY

Capsaicin extracted from chilies is used in pepper spray as an irritant, a form of less-lethal weapon.

CROP DEFENSE

Conflicts between farmers and elephants have long been widespread in African and Asian countries, where elephants nightly destroy crops, raid grain houses, and sometimes kill people. Farmers have found the use of chilies effective in crop defense against elephants. Elephants do not like capsaicin, the chemical in chilies that makes them hot. Because the elephants have a large and sensitive olfactory and nasal system, the smell of the chili causes them discomfort and deters them from feeding on the crops. By planting a few rows of the pungent fruit around valuable crops, farmers create a buffer zone through which the elephants are reluctant to pass. Chilly-Dung Bombs are also used for this purpose. They are bricks made of mixing dung and chili, and are burned, creating a noxious smoke that keeps hungry elephants out of farmers' fields. This can lessen dangerous physical confrontation between people and elephants.

FOOD DEFENSE

Birds do not have the same sensitivity to capsaicin, because it targets a specific pain receptor in mammals. Chili peppers are eaten by birds living in the chili peppers' natural range, possibly contributing to seed dispersal and evolution of the protective capsaicin in chili peppers.

NUTRITIONAL VALUE

While red chilies contain large amounts of vitamin C (table), other species contain significant amounts of provitamin A beta-carotene. In addition, peppers are a rich source of vitamin B6

SPELLING AND USAGE

The three primary spellings are chili, chile and chilli, all of which are recognized by dictionaries.

Chili is widely used in historically Anglophone regions of the United States and Canada. However, it is also commonly used as a short name for chili con carne (literally "chili with meat"). Most versions are seasoned with chili powder, which can refer to pure dried, ground chili peppers, or to a mixture containing other spices.

Chile is the most common Spanish spelling in Mexico and several other Latin American countries, as well as some parts of the United States and Canada, which refers specifically to this plant and its fruit. In the Southwest United States (particularly New Mexico), chile also denotes a thick, spicy, un-vinegared sauce made from this fruit, available in red and green varieties, and served over the local food, while chili denotes the meat dish. The plural is chile or chiles.

Chilli was the original Romanization of the Náhuatl language word for the fruit (chīlli) and is the preferred British spelling according to the Oxford English Dictionary, although it also lists chile and chili as variants. Chilli (and its plural chillies) is the most common spelling in Australia, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore and South Africa.

The name of the plant is almost certainly unrelated to that of Chile, the country, which has an uncertain etymology perhaps relating to local place names. Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico are some of the Spanish-speaking countries where chilies are known as ají, a word of Taíno origin. Though pepper originally referred to the genus Piper, not Capsicum, the latter usage is included in English dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary (sense 2b of pepper) and Merriam-Webster. The word pepper is also commonly used in the botanical and culinary fields in the names of different types of chili plants and their fruits.

WIKIPEDIA

Below is an article on this little known coachbuilder from Sausalito, California. I had a chance to visit with Simon Favre at the CSRG seson opener this year at Infineon Raceway. He is quoted below:

Nadeau Bourgeault

I read a message on the Vintage Race web from Simon Favre which that noted he owned a 1958 Bourgeault Formula Jr., "the oldest car trying to run in CSRG's open wheel group". I wrote to him that I have a Frazer Nash web site for the postwar models of these cars. One of the Frazer Nash's brought into the US was a Le Mans Replica owned by Jim Lowe, listed in the Frazer Nash records with the following history:

"Bolt on wheels. Spare wheel in boot. Wire wheel conversion in August 1953. Exported to USA. Rebodied in mid-50's by Nadeau Bouregault (sic)."

Noting the "similarity" of these names, I'm asked if he knew any of the history of his Formula Jr.'s constructor. Mr. Nadeau Bourgeault, I've been told, worked in San Francisco doing custom bodies. Further, I noted my inquiry to him was "a very long shot..."

Mr. Favre replied:

"Not a long shot at all. There was exactly one Bourgeault in the race car business, and Nadeau was the one. He was a body and fender man by trade. He was an absolute artist in aluminum. He rebodied several cars as far as I know, but I don't know what happened to them. My car was his first purpose-built race car, and his only Junior. His shop was actually in Sausalito, CA, north of San Francisco in Marin County. The first shop he had was at Bob Cornish Motors, then he moved elsewhere. Nick Reynolds of the Kingston Trio drove my car, and later went on to take 2nd honors nationally in another Bourgeault running in Formula C.

Bourgeault also worked with Joe Huffaker on the first BMC Juniors, then went off on his own after a falling out. One of the local BMC drivers bought the original body molds from Huffaker. He swears he can see the impressions of rivet heads in the molds. He figures Bourgeault must have done a prototype in Aluminum that Huffaker took the molds off of.

There is a strong similarity in the shape of the hole in the nose. Nadeau passed away in 1974, after a heart attack. 2 or 3 of his other cars and some of the original plans burned up in the Oakland Hills fire some years back. The only other Bourgeaults extant that I know of are one Formula B car that was in Reno for a long time, and a sports racer currently being restored. The B is about ready to make an appearance according to its current owner. For a picture of the Bourgeault Formula Junior, see:

ftp://ftp.team.net/vintage/Images/bfj-svc.jpg

FYI, one of the Bourgeault sports racers was fitted by its owner with a BRM F1 engine! The car was subsequently destroyed. I don't know if the driver survived.

Cheers, Simon"

I thanked Simon for this great slice of history! I corrected the spelling of the special-bodied Lowe Frazer Nash to "Bourgeault" on the Frazer Nash web pages. I can't recall the exact source of my misspelling, but the name appears as "Bourebault" in an old anthology, "Sportscar Specials".

In December 2006, I received further information on this sports racer from Edwin Marshall:

On your website you wrote, "FYI, one of the Bourgeault sports racers was fitted by its owner with a BRM F1 engine! The car was subsequently destroyed. I don't know if the driver survived."

Yes, the driver survived just fine. His name was Alan Ladder (sp?) That particular car was possibly the most beautiful late 60's under 2 liter sports racing car every built. Absolutely stunningly gorgeous.

The F-1 motor was built up by the factory as a 2 liter. At the time they had taken the 1.5 liter F-1 V-8 engine out to 2.2 liter for the Tasman series (off season down under races, 2.5 limit- Jim Clark, Graham Hill, Bruce McLaren, Brabham and locals etc). The 2 liter version was the under 2 liter sports racing class offshoot. No, the owner did not fit the engine.

The car was designed by Bourgeault around the engine using a Hewland F-1 (Gurney type) gearbox. As I remember it had McLaren wheels.

It only raced a few times before being written off in a crash. I do remember at its weight (approx. 950lbs empty?) and with the BRM, it would hold the Can Am cars of the time in a straight line up to well over the 150mph range. It was REALLY FAST, REALLY BEAUTIFUL and unfortunately, really short lived.

Then more in February, 2007 in response to my inquiry about the Bourgeault cars:

Not really a story about the car(s), more about the characters involved in the early days of SCCA racing in the SF Bay Area.

I learned about Jim Lowe, and met him once, through my mentor and best friend, Nadeau Bourgeault. I was a boy on a bike when I first met Nade, he was about 10 years older and 100 years more grown up. Some people thought Nade was born grown up. Heck, he was changing the oil and tuning his father's Packard by age 10!!! I learned the "Lowe" stories when I was a racer myself in the mid-late 60's and Nade and I became best friends.

Anyway, back in the early and mid 50's Bill Breeze owned the Sports Car Center. It was located off of highway 101 just north of Sausalito in some WWII Quonset huts. There were a full cast of characters there starting with Bill who raced Jaguar 120s and C types. Bob Winkleman (Winkleman Formula Fords of the 70's) was an apprentice mechanic fresh out of old England, perhaps 20 years of age. Nadeau Bourgeault had just left his position running the Rolls Royce Body Shop for BMC Motor Car in SF. (Someone had just invented bondo, Nade hated the stuff, "it diminished craftsmanship") Anyway, across the dirt alley from the SCC was Nade's shop in another Quonset hut. That early on he dealt with pretty exotic - for the time - stuff. Nick Reynolds of the Kingston Trio had an old Ferrari sports car, a 166 Milla Miglia I think, that Nade took care of? Nade's famous Fiat powered FJ was being built along with other "projects", including a little coupe he built as a road car and drove until his death in 1972 - it was built out of spare parts from his shop! An MG chassis, Fiat Topolino body with some Bourgeault custom aluminum pieces and Volvo engine (MG at first, replaced by Volvo later). Gorgeous, quick and 30+mpg highway.

One day along comes Jim Lowe. Nade did not know him and was a bit suspicious. It seems Jim's car, which according to Nade "was concourses", had a bit of almost undetectable dust under the lens of the gauges. Jim wanted it removed. Nade took a look and figured it was no small job, but a days work to get everything apart and then back together after a few minutes of dusting. He quoted the daily rate for the time thinking this mad man would go away. Without a blink Jim said "great, when can I pick it up." - and left.

Nade had an in and did a credit check on him thinking he was a bit mad. Following the report he then did the work and thus a friendship was born. Jim had two Frazer Nash's, one for himself and one for his wife of the time, Marian (sp?). They both raced them.

Fast forward to Speed Week, Nassau the Bahamas. I'm not sure exactly what year, but it was the year Colin Chapman first campaigned and offered for sale his 1,100 cc Climax powered Lotus 11. Jim had paid Nadeau to tow both Frazer Nashs from CA to the Bahamas so he and his wife could participate. While there Jim asked Nade "of all the cars here, what would you buy for yourself if you could?" Nade responded he thought Chapman's Lotus 11 was the absolute coolest. Jim and Nade then go over to meet Chapman. They look his car over inside and out and talk for about 40 minutes at which time Lowe asked Chapman "how much"? Chapman gave him a price - I don't remember the number now, I was told, but its just been too long- and then the most amazing thing happened. Jim asked Nade to give Chapman a business card so he would know where to deliver the cars, reached into his pocket and pulled out a huge wad of cash and peeled off the price of one car and handed it to Chapman with the comment, "I'll pay for the second when you deliver them." They shook hands and walked off, that was it! Not a single piece of paper, just cash and a handshake.

So anyway, that's it for my Jim Lowe stories. I could go on and on about Nadeau, but that's another chapter.

See Nadeau for more stories from Ed

The Lowe Frazer Nash (421/200/183) was sold to Jim Firestone. The car was completely destroyed and Mr. Firestone was killed in a crash at a Paramount Ranch race in December, 1957, according to the history I have so far.

I also discussed Mr. Bourgeault with a San Diego-area auto historian. He said the August 1961 issue of "Car & Driver" has a story about him. I'll look for this issue.

Last Update: February 11, 2007

Red star creations newest installment Iron Man stealth suit prototype "Ghost" Tony Stark with the help of Nick Fury and S.H.I.E.L.D technology have created a stealth version of the Iron Man suit. Using the same technology used on the Helicarrier the "Ghost" prototype is totally undetectable and invisable to the naked eye making the "Ghost" suit the ultimate stealth weapon. I would love to hear your opinions on my newest suit.

FUE harvesting does not always require a 'complete shave' of the donor area. You can still have an undetectable donor area immediately after an FUE hair transplant using this method.

By letting the donor hair grow long before the procedure and shaving just a small row or two across the area to be harvested, the existing surrounding hair can often easily camouflage the area below where the extractions have been performed.

Here is an example of a 41 y/o male patient who had approximately to 1000 FUE grafts harvested with NeoGraft at Bauman Medical Group. He is seen here on Post-Op Day #1, twenty-four hours after his procedure. His existing donor hair provides near-complete coverage of the harvested area immediately after surgery. The trimmed, non-harvested hair will take several weeks to regrow to a normal length.

The typical limit of FUE harvesting using a "Stealth-Shave" method is typically 1400-1500 grafts, but this method allows the patient to return to work and social functions quickly, without having to "explain" or hide a total donor shave.

For more info on FUE with NeoGraft, visit www.baumanmedical.com

Please note: For maximum FUE yield per day, a complete 'buzzcut' of the donor area is recommended.

Edited Spitzer Space Telescope image of the galaxy cluster Abell 1033 with interesting radio and x-rays. (The web site says the radio waves look like the USS Enterprise from Star Trek...) Colorized variant.

Image source: chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2018/a1033/

Original caption: Hidden in a distant galaxy cluster collision are wisps of gas resembling the starship Enterprise — an iconic spaceship from the "Star Trek" franchise.

Galaxy clusters — cosmic structures containing hundreds or even thousands of galaxies — are the largest objects in the Universe held together by gravity. Multi-million-degree gas fills the space in between the individual galaxies. The mass of the hot gas is about six times greater than that of all the galaxies combined. This superheated gas is invisible to optical telescopes, but shines brightly in X-rays, so an X-ray telescope like NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is required to study it.

By combining X-rays with other types of light, such as radio waves, a more complete picture of these important cosmic objects can be obtained. A new composite image of the galaxy cluster Abell 1033, including X-rays from Chandra (purple) and radio emission from the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) network in the Netherlands (blue), does just that. Optical emission from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is also shown. The galaxy cluster is located about 1.6 billion light years from Earth.

Using X-ray and radio data, scientists have determined that Abell 1033 is actually two galaxy clusters in the process of colliding. This extraordinarily energetic event, happening from the top to the bottom in the image, has produced turbulence and shock waves, similar to sonic booms produced by a plane moving faster than the speed of sound.

In Abell 1033, the collision has interacted with another energetic cosmic process — the production of jets of high-speed particles by matter spiraling into a supermassive black hole, in this case one located in a galaxy in one of the clusters. These jets are revealed by radio emission to the left and right sides of the image. The radio emission is produced by electrons spiraling around magnetic field lines, a process called synchrotron emission.

The electrons in the jets are traveling at very close to the speed of light. As the galaxy and its black hole moved toward the lower part of the image, the jet on the right slowed down as it crashed into hot gas in the other galaxy cluster. The jet on the left did not slow down because it encountered much less hot gas, giving a warped appearance for the jets, rather than the straight line that is typically seen.

This image of Abell 1033 also provides an example of "pareidolia", a psychological phenomenon where familiar shapes and patterns are seen in otherwise random data. In Abell 1033, the structures in the data create an uncanny resemblance to many of the depictions of the fictional Starship Enterprise from Star Trek.

In terms of astrophysical research, a detailed study of the image shows that the energy of the electrons in the "saucer section" and neck of the starship-shaped radio emission in Abell 1033 is higher than that found in the stardrive section towards the lower left (see labels). This suggests that the electrons have been reenergized, presumably when the jets interact with turbulence or shock waves in the hot gas. The energetic electrons producing the radio emission will normally lose substantial amounts of energy over tens to hundreds of millions of years as they radiate. The radio emission would then become undetectable. However, the vastly extended radio emission observed in Abell 1033, extending over about 500,000 light years, implies that energetic electrons are present in larger quantities and with higher energies than previously thought. One idea is that the electrons have been given a further boost in energy by extra bouts of shocks and turbulence.

Other sources of radio emission in the image besides the starship-shaped object are the shorter jets from another galaxy (labeled "short jets") and a "radio phoenix" consisting of a cloud of electrons that faded in radio emission but was then reenergized when shock waves compressed the cloud. This caused the cloud to once again shine at radio frequencies, as we reported back in 2015.

The team who made this study will use observations with Chandra and LOFAR to look for further examples of colliding galaxy clusters with warped radio emission, to further their understanding of these energetic objects.

A paper describing this result was published in the October 4th, 2017 issue of Science Advances and is available online. The authors of the paper are Francesco de Gasperin, Huib Intema, Timothy Shimwell (Leiden University, the Netherlands), Gianfranco Brunetti (Institute of Radio Astronomy, Italy), Marcus Bruggen (University of Hamburg, Germany), Torsten Enblin (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany), Reinout van Weeren (Leiden), Annalisa Bonafede (Hamburg), and Huub Rottgering (Leiden).

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, controls Chandra's science and flight operations.

Juvenile T. virginea from shell-grit samples. White semi-spiral protoconch attached to apex.

1 & 4: interiors lack pigment; translucency reveals exterior markings which are usually brownish at this stage, and cause frequent misidentification as T. testudinalis.

3: in water so more translucent than other dry specimens.

Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION at: flic.kr/p/WadzLk

Key id. features: flic.kr/p/WNjbUS

APPENDIX re range advance/retreat BELOW

Sets of OTHER SPECIES:

www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/

The Distribution Limits of Testudinalia testudinalis.

Appendix for full species account at flic.kr/s/aHskbm8fpS

Ian F. Smith October 2020

This appendix will be amended if new evidence requires it.

The following is based on available specimens and images, and on information from workers with many years of experience of T. testudinalis. Over fifty museum curators, academics, professionals, amateur shore workers and divers have provided information, and appeals have been made for images or specimens to online groups of shore workers and divers with a total membership of over a thousand.

Information from regions with the most complete historic and current evidence suggest that the species extended its range southwards in the relatively cold 19th century and has receded towards its previous range in the climatic warming of the late 20th and early 21st centuries A11 flic.kr/p/2jW2BDV . The range expansion is demonstrated with the date of the earliest recorded appearance of T. testudinalis at different latitudes. Early recorders were a limited number of specialists, and their accuracy can be checked from museum specimens and their published descriptions and images.

Recording its disappearance from localities has many problems as absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. The onus of proof, by display of specimen or image, rests on those who maintain it is still present at a locality. To assess the probability of decline, reliance has been placed on those with the necessary identification skills who have frequently investigated an area over a period of years. If numbers were noted to decline, followed by no finds while consciously watching for it for several years, it is reasonable to think that the species is lost or at undetectably low numbers. Occasionally, such assumptions are reversed by subsequent finds, such as happened in the Isle of Man.

Readers are asked to contact the author with any visual evidence that affects the findings below, so that the Flickr version of this account can be adjusted accordingly.

A particular problem with documenting the recent decline northwards of T. testudinalis has been the very frequent mistaken recording of T. virginea as it. This has several probable causes:

1) Specimens of T. virginea can be mistaken for it if the exterior markings are concealed by epizooic growths A1 flic.kr/p/2jW2ChD or are worn away A5 flic.kr/p/2jW2C7i .

2) The markings on early juvenile T. virginea, such as tiny specimens from shell-grit samples, are often brownish and mistaken for those of Testudinalia testudinalis A1 flic.kr/p/2jW2ChD & A2 flic.kr/p/2jW74ig .

3) The vernacular name of T. testudinalis, “Common tortoiseshell limpet”, has lead many recorders to think it is the tortoiseshell limpet that is found commonly in England and southern Ireland where it is absent or extremely rare. It is T. virginea, the “White tortoiseshell limpet”, that is common there and frequently misidentified. To reduce this confusion, the vernacular name of T. testudinalis was changed to the “Northern tortoiseshell limpet” in October 2020 on the UK Species Inventory controlled by the Natural History Museum, London. This problem does not apply in America where T. virginea does not occur and the vernacular used for T. testudinalis is simply “Tortoiseshell limpet”.

4) Distribution maps, such as NBN Atlas, show historic and recent records with the same symbol, so users may think their finds in areas where it is lost are plausible because of the historic records shown.

5) Recent misidentifications added to the T. testudinalis map on NBN Atlas, by amateurs, professionals and academics alike, further add to the apparent plausibility of records in areas where it has gone. Sophia Ratcliffe of NBN is making efforts to have them recognised and removed, but the cooperation of some data providers is difficult to obtain.

6) The multiplication of fauna recording organizations, online interest groups and ways of submitting records online has drawn in many enthusiastic but non-specialist contributors. Many are averse to disturbing specimens for close examination and rely on un-posed photographs for identification.

Regional Detail.

North-east England has the most detailed data. It is assumed that similar climate changes to those described occurred in other areas.

British North Sea

Forbes (Forbes & Hanley, 1849) knew of T. testudinalis at many places in Scotland but not in England. He predicted the range expansion southwards which reached the Farne Islands by 1856, Roker by 1857 (Tate, 1863 in Foster-Smith, 2000); Hesleden by 1861 (Dove Marine Laboratory manuscript, 1862, in Foster-Smith, 2000); Hartlepool by 1863 (Hancock, 1863, in Foster-Smith, 2000); Sandsend by 1901 (Lebour, 1902); and Flamborough before 1910 (Hargreaves, 1910) A3 flic.kr/p/2jW74hp & A4 flic.kr/p/2jW6fb9 . This advance south of over 220 km took place in the cold period c. 1855 – c.1920 when the ten year running mean temperature in central England was always below the mean temperature of 1961 – 1990 A4 flic.kr/p/2jW6fb9 . From c.1920 to the late 1980s the ten year running mean temperature rose to fluctuate around the level of the 1961- 1990 mean. In this period, records of T. testudinalis continued to be made so it seems to have maintained its expanded range, though no specimens or images have been seen, so some may be misidentified T. virginea . From the late 1980s to 2019 the ten year running mean temperature has risen to unprecedented heights well above the 1961-1990 mean and there has been a marked reduction of reliable records of T. testudinalis. Sue Hull, Programme Director Marine Biology, University of Hull, observed occasional rare specimens in Yorkshire from 2002 to 2007 with a final single specimen at Ravenscar in 2010. Paula Lightfoot, who did extensive shore work and diving in Yorkshire and the North East of England from 2010 to 2020, saw none despite consciously looking for it. The experience of a large number of other shore workers and divers conforms to that of SH and PL.

NBN Atlas had several recent records of it in the North East, but all photos shown were of misidentified T. virginea , and all 2010 to 2020 records were retracted by those who recorded them, though some may remain on NBN Atlas until the Data Providers allow NBN to remove them. The distribution limit may have fallen back to its pre 1856 position in south-east Scotland. The furthest south in the British North Sea, recent (2020), live-taken image seen by IFS is from Edinburgh, 56.00° N A5 flic.kr/p/2jW2C7i . It may yet survive further south in Scotland and the extreme north of England as there is a live-taken specimen in National Museums Scotland from Eyemouth 55.88° N (1981). Re-examination of 1980s sites is desirable to see how far south beyond Edinburgh it still occurs live.

Other records for 2010 to present in NE England should not be relied on unless evidence can be shown, and users of NBN Atlas should be aware that the T. testudinalis map shows historic records in North East England at sites where it no longer occurs.

West coast of Ireland

No historic data available. Furthest south recent record at Mulroy Bay, N. Donegal 55.15° N, 07.68°W. (J. Nunn pers. comm. July 2020).

East coast of Ireland

The spread south is mentioned in Forbes and Hanley (1849) thus: “On the Irish shores it has found its way as far south as Dublin Bay, in which well-searched district it has been noticed only of late years ; it is there ‘abundant, near Williamstown, on stones above low water-mark’ (Hassall)”

The furthest south historic (pre 1893) record is at Bray, Wicklow, 53.20° N. The specimen is in the National Museum of Ireland and has been examined and catalogued (Nunn & Holmes, 1995).

There are several recent records of T. testudinalis from Carlingford Lough, about 95 km north of Bray, such as at Greencastle, 54.04° N (2013, det. J. Nunn) and many further north A6 flic.kr/p/2jW2C3R . No recent, reliable records further south have come to light in this inquiry.

Isle of Man

The spread south of T. testudinalis to the Isle of Man, probably from Northern Ireland or southern Scotland, is mentioned in Forbes and Hanley (1849) thus: “appeared since 1836, and multiplied considerably on the north coast”. Subsequent records in Moore (1937) include Ramsey 54.32°N, (1878); Ballaugh 54.31°N, (1901); Fleshwick Bay 54.11°N, common, (1932); Port Erin 54.09°N, few, (1932).

A decline and apparent ‘loss of species from south of Isle of Man’ was observed when none was found in the years 2000 – 2005 where it had previously been found intertidally in the1970s and early 1980s (Hawkins in Mieszkowska, 2005), but it was present in 2017, at least sublittorally.

Furthest south, recent, sublittoral records at southern tip of island, 54.05° N (2014) and Niarbyl, 54.16° N (2017) A6 flic.kr/p/2jW2C3R .

North East Irish Sea.

The furthest south, historic record (pre 1910) is from Fleetwood, Lancashire 53.92°N A7 flic.kr/p/2jW2BXA . No information has been found on when, and if, it spread south from Scotland in mid 19th Century.

The furthest south post 2000 records with images are on the south coast of Scotland from Ardwell, Mull of Galloway, 54.77° N (2019) eastwards to Islands of Fleet, 54.81°N, 4.94° W (2017) A7 flic.kr/p/2jW2BXA . It was present in low numbers in1991 at Parton Bay, Cumbria 54.55° N. (S.J. Hawkins on NBN Atlas).

Wales

No image or specimen evidence has been found for T. testudinalis living in Wales recently or historically. The National Museum Wales has specimens of the species, but none is from Wales. A few publications such as Graham (1988) mention Anglesey without further detail. A specimen is rumoured to exist in the Zoology Museum, Bangor University, but the Collections Officer, Helen Gwerfyl, has been unable to find a specimen or documentation to support this. Appeals for images of T. testudinalis to sub aqua divers and shore workers in online groups with membership around 1000 have produced several images from Scotland, but none from Wales. There are several records in Wales on NBN Atlas, but none can be substantiated with specimen or image. All images viewed from all sources offered as T. testudinalis from Wales were of misidentified T. virginea .

Forbes and Hanley (1849) mention the possible source of reports of it from Wales thus:

“The locality ‘Bangor’, assigned to it by Mr. Sowerby, refers not to Bangor in North Wales, but to a place of the same name in the north of Ireland.”

Until specimens or images can be found to substantiate the presence of T. testudinalis in Wales, recently or historically, it should not be accepted as a confirmed resident. Any new records should be supported with specimens or clear images, preferably including the interior of a fresh shell.

South-west England

No historic records of T. testudinalis were made in this region in the period of its greatest extent 1855-1920, apart from a misidentification of T. virginea in Cornwall mentioned in Jeffreys (1865). It is most surprising that there are thirty records on NBN Atlas for the northern, cold water species, T. testudinalis, in this most southern, warm water area in the period of climate warming 1981 – 2013 when it was retreating northwards elsewhere. The data holders for most of the records are JNCC or Natural England. Records here were challenged as probable misidentifications of T. virginea in Wilkinson (2010) who reported, “JNCC are currently looking into the sources of these more carefully”, but no action has been taken in the ten years since. Unless evidence in the form of specimens or images can be produced, records of T. testudinalis in this area should be disregarded.

Continental coast of Europe

T. testudinalis occurs in Norway and south-west Sweden extending, both recently and historically, into the Kattegat and Öresund to the vicinity of Lund at 55.8° N where the limit of distribution is probably controlled by low salinity further into the Baltic A8 flic.kr/p/2jW73Zf .

T. testudinalis also lives on the Danish side of the Kattegat and Lillebaelt A9 flic.kr/p/2jW6ePC & A11 flic.kr/p/2jW2BDV to the outer fringe of the Kieler Bucht and Fehmarnbelt between Germany and the Danish island of Lolland where low salinity probably limits extension further east; this was also the historic limit stated in Meyer & Möbius (1872).

On the North Sea coast of continental Europe, no live-taken specimen or image further south than Norway and Sweden has been traced, but a dead, strandline specimen (date and location when live uncertain) was found at Lister Haken, Sylt, Germany at 55.04° N in 1969 A9 flic.kr/p/2jW6ePC .

Offshore there is an unlocalized mention of “central North Sea” (Götting, 2008) and an imprecise reference to “North Sea-Helgoland + deep channel + stony ground” (Zettler et al., 2018) but K. Janke, a biologist who worked many years on Helgoland, never found it there (pers. comm. V. Wiese).

East coast of North America

The furthest south historic (1914) record of T. testudinalis was at Hempstead Bay, Long Island, New York, 40.6° N A10 flic.kr/p/2jW73QC . The furthest south recent (2009) record on iNaturalist is East Matunuck, Rhode Island, 41.38° N , about 200 km north-east of Hempstead Bay A10 flic.kr/p/2jW73QC & A11 flic.kr/p/2jW2BDV . American records have extended more than 10° of latitude further south than in Europe probably because of the cold Labrador current extending south down the coast to the vicinity of Cape Cod.

In the St Lawrence River, the furthest upstream record on iNaturalist in the St Lawrence Estuary is at L’Isle-aux-Coudres (2020), 47.40° N, 70.34° W (dead, but unlikely to have been carried upstream against the flow). Furthest upstream live image on iNaturalist is Rivière-du-Loup (2018), 47.84° N, 69.54° W. The limiting factor is low salinity, so there has probably been little historic variation there with climate change.

Northern limits of distribution

Several museums hold specimens of T. testudinalis from the northernmost coasts of the land masses encircling the Arctic Ocean, including those which are icebound for part of the year. Although the southern limit of distribution is receding northwards, there seems little, if any, unoccupied coast for it to advance onto northwards with global warming. It might already extend undetected below the sea ice to the North Pole. Some most northerly museum-records on GBIF are:

North Alaska 71.3° N (1900); Devon Island, Canada 76.6° N (1962); northern Greenland 76.2° N (1894); north-west Iceland 65.88° N (2019) A12 flic.kr/p/2jW6eDc ; Svalbard 77.7° N (undated); Nenets Region, northern Russia 69.8° N (1875).

Acknowledgements

I should like to thank the following for information, images or specimens that helped establish the probable limits of T. testudinalis historically and recently. It is not intended to imply that all agree entirely with my interpretation of the available evidence.

Lin Baldock, Charlotte Bolton, Sarah Bowen, Paul Brazier, Blaise Bullimore, Shaun Case, Jon Chamberlain, Jane Delany, Jonas Ekstrom, Mike Elliott, Helen Gwerfyl, Steve Hawkins, Rosemary Hill, Anna Holmes, Rohan Holt, Sue Hull, Angus Jackson, Stuart Jenkins, Nia Jones, Paul Kay, David Kipling, Kerry Lewis, Paula Lightfoot, Kate Lock, Jim Logan, Aisling May, Krysia Mazik, Jim Middleton, Nova Mieszkowska, David Mozzoni, Will Musk, Naoise Nolan, David Notton, Claude Nozeres, Julia Nunn, Graham Oliver, Gustav Paulay, Anna Persson, Bernard Picton, Sankurie Pye, Poul Rasmussen, Sophia Ratcliffe, Allan Rowat, Ben Rowson, Julia Sigwart, John Slapcinsky, Sabine Stohr, Simon Taylor, Anders Telenius, Dawn Thomas, Ann Wake, Dawn Watson, Richie West, Vollrath Wiese, Andrew Wright and Richard Yorke.

References

Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 2 (1849), London, van Voorst. (as ‘Acmaea testudinalis’) archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02forb#page/434/mode/2up

Foster-Smith, J. 2000. The marine flora and flora of the Cullercoats district. Newcastle upon Tyne University.

GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility). Distribution map for T. testudinalis accessed October 2020. Includes many obvious errors such as far-inland or tropical locations. www.gbif.org/species/4369953

Götting, K.-J. 2008: Mollusca II. Meeres-Gehäuseschnecken Deutschlands. Bestimmungsschlüssel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. Hackenheim, Conch Books.

Graham, A. 1988. Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.2 (Second edition). Leiden, E.J.Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys. 662 pages.

Hargreaves, J. A. 1910. The marine mollusca of the Yorkshire coast and the Dogger Bank.

J. Conch., Lond. 13: 80 – 105.

iNaturalist, Taxa information and map, Testudinalia testudinalis, accessed October 2020. www.inaturalist.org/taxa/415169-Testudinalia-testudinalis

Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 3 (1865). London, van Voorst. (As Tectura testudinalis; archive.org/stream/britishconcholog03jeff#page/246/mode/2up .

Lebour, M.V. 1902. Marine mollusca of Sandsend. Naturalist, Hull.

Meyer, H. A. & Möbius, K. 1872. Fauna der Kieler Bucht, vol 2. Leipzig, Engelmann. p 7-9. www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110011#page/4/mode/1up

Mieszkowska, N., Leaper, R., Moore, P., Kendall, M.A., Burrows, M.T, Lear, D., Poloczanska, E., Hiscock, K., Moschella, P.S., Thompson,R.C., Herbert, R.J., Laffoley, D., Baxter, J., Southward, A.J., & Hawkins, S.J. 2005. Assessing and predicting the influence of climatic change using eulittoral rocky shore biota. M.B.A. Occasional publication 20: p 26. www.researchgate.net/publication/281164392_Assessing_and_...

NBN Atlas species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021056387#tab_mapView

Nunn, J.D. and Holmes, J.M.C. 1995. A catalogue of the Irish and British marine Mollusca

in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland ~ Natural History, 1835-2008. Ulster Museum (Belfast) and the National Museum of Ireland (Dublin).

www.habitas.org.uk/nmi_catalogue/searchresults.asp?Family...

Parker, D.E., T.P. Legg, and C.K. Folland. 1992. A new daily Central England Temperature Series, 1772-1991. Int. J. Clim., 12: 317-342 www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/ [includes update to 2020]

Wilkinson, S. 2010. The changing (?) distribution of Tectura testudinalis.

Mollusc World 22: 10 - 12, Conch. Soc. GB & Ireland.

Zettler, M.L., Beermann, J., Dannheim, J. et al. 2018. An annotated checklist of macrozoobenthic species in German waters of the North and Baltic Seas. Helgol Mar Res 72 (5). doi.org/10.1186/s10152-018-0507-5 [scroll down and click ‘additional file 1’ for the list of taxa].

From here:

New neurons are born and then many die. The survival timecourse answers the questions: How many new neurons are born? Where are they born and where do they end up, anatomically? How many of them survive and can their survival be altered? Survival timecourses are typically performed by injecting animals with a mitotic marker that will label new neurons as they’re being born, e.g. ³H-thymidine (old school), BrdU (tried and true – example), or a GFP-expressing retrovirus (new school). At a later date one can then detect these birthdated new neurons and count them, see where they’re located etc.

What do these survival timecourses tell us?

many newborn neurons die between 1w and 4w of age but after that they all survive

neurons born during infancy are an exception as they DO die off many months after their birth (Dayer 2003), lending support to the sexy-but-underexplored idea that neuronal turnover might underlie memory turnover in the hippocampus

the number of new cells labeled with a birthdating marker (e.g. BrdU) grows between 2 hours and several days after the birthdating marker is administered

this is caused by continued division of the stem cell or precursor cell that took up the marker in the first place (see expression timecourse, below). After a few cell divisions the marker gets diluted to undetectable levels.

the general timecourse of cell death is similar in young and aged animals (McDonald 2005) and in mice and rats, although more cells die in mice (Snyder 2009)

the addition and culling of newborn neurons in the monkey hippocampus (Gould 2001) follows a delayed timecourse compared to rodents

CREB signalling is critical for neurons to survive between 5-7 days old (Jagasia 2009), NMDA receptors are critical for survival from 14-21 days (Tashiro 2006)

thus, CREB signalling would appear to regulate survival before new neurons have formed excitatory connections and are functional (see below) and NMDA receptors regulate survival during the early phase of excitatory synapse formation, when new neurons are just beginning to be able to contribute to behavior. Knowing how to regulate neuronal survival has obvious implications for disorders where reduced neurogenesis might be a causative factor.

learning increases the survival of new neurons (Leuner 2004)

learning does not increase the survival of new neurons (Snyder 2005)

Hasselblad 500c/m | Carl Zeiss 80mm Planar f/2.8 C T* | Ilford Delta 400 | T-Max Developer 1+9

While the Hasselblad is indeed a massive camera, somehow it being a waist-level camera makes it seem a little bit more undetectable than an SLR, or anything that you raise to your eyes.

I managed to walk around pretty much undisturbed amongst the crowd of couples on Valentine's Day at the Marina Barrage.

And this was just one of those little intimate moments that got caught on film.

Do drop me a follow on any of my accounts if you like what you see:

Instagram: @glynsen

Facebook: facebook.com/glynsen

F-70A is an autonomous¹ hypersonic VTOL 7GF operating in AD environment beyond the 2050 timeframe, equipped with NG EA, ISP, ADSs, PQR detection, Li-Fi, DEW and enhanced capabilities in areas such as reach, persistence, survivability, net-centricity, SA, cyberattack, HSI, WEs. Cfr. notes² over the above image.

Customers: USAF, USN, USMC

Total operational aircraft quantity: 100

Total program cost (2020-2050): US$200 billion

Unit flyaway cost: US$700 million

Unit OSCPFH: US$150,000/h

NOTES

1. The F-70A is also an Optionally Piloted Aerial Vehicle (OPAV).

2. Scale ≅ 1:17.693; 1 m = 214√p; 1√p = 1/96" ≅ 4.68E-3 m;

OALₛ = 4,715√p ≅ 1.248 mₛ; WSₛ = 2,145√p ≅ 5.675E-1 mₛ.

Crew: 2 · OAL/WS/OAH 22.0726/16.0528/4.8514 m · WA 92.903 m² · E/L/MTO M 13,608/27,488/29,484 Kg · ELC 13,608 Kg · IFC 15,876 Kg · 2× 445 KN GE/PW F250 + 1× 80 KN RR LS1 STOVL · TVC ±15° @40°/s P/Y · NE/C S @SC M10.0/5.0 · SC 3E4 m · CR 2.5E6 m · WL 550 Kg/m² · 1× AN/APG90 QAESA + 1× AN/AAQ40 DAS-MWS/EOTS/SATP/SAIRST + 1× AN/ASQ239 EWS + 1× MADLCS + 2× HMDS · 1× 2,000-rds 20 mm GAU22A + 2×8 IRLAS + 2×2 IFS + 4× EWPS

Rockwell-Lockheed A/FX 1992 concept, initially non hypersonic, significantly influenced the forthcoming F-70's design and style.

REFERENCES

R. Avella 2025: Boeing F-47 6GF concept.

D.A. Vincenzi & al. 2024: Human factors in simulation & training.

M. Ghafarian & al. 2023: Dynamic Vehicular Motion Simulators.

X. Li & al. 2023: Flying-wing wing rock mode.

H.P. Williams & al. 2021: ETC Kraken GL6000 @ ±3g₀.

J. Van Welbergen 2020: Thales FCAS 2035 avionics.

R.L. Laurent Jr. 2020: ETC ATFS-400-31 @ ±20g₀.

P.G.A. Cizmas 2020: Aerothermodynamics & jet propulsion.

A.R. Jha 2017: UAV theory, design & apps.

J. Park & al. 2016: Tailless aircraft control surface design optimization.

E.H. Hirschel 2015: Aerothermodynamics.

Y. Gordon & S. Komissarov 2013: Unflown wings, p. 523.

E.H. Hirschel & C. Weiland 2009: HFV aerothermodynamics.

T.A. Heppenheimer 2002: History of the Space Shuttle.

J.J. Bertin 1994: Hypersonic aerothermodynamics.

W.T. Gunston 1992: Faster than sound, pp. 228-266.

A.J. Eggers Jr. 1957: LR hypervelocity vehicles.

A.J. Eggers Jr. & al. 1957: LR hypervelocity vehicles.

ÆHSA · B21 · X30 · FBWL · FS · ITE · NEAT · NESI · MSTC · AIM260 · CHAMP · LREW · MSDM · SCIFiRE · AS24 · R37M · HTK · ABL · ec

The standard route zig-zags up the slope on the left side from this perspective. On this weekend, the switchbacks were snowed over and undetectable, so it was pretty much a slow, steep slog.

2016-01-23 12.12.59_CO-RMNP-EstesCone

Printed on reverse: "Rob. Süss Nachf. Inh. Felix Habel, Bautzen, Tuchmacherstr. 20 (Drei Raben) Von dieser Karte können Kabinetbilder sowie Vergrösserungen angefertigt werden."

Obviously unhappy with the end result, the photographer has "touched-up" the soldier's eyes during the printing process. This is virtually undetectable on the original and the subject would have been oblivious to this subtle alteration.

The Landwehr Cross appears on his helmet cover, identifying him as a Landsturmmann.

Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Hack Cheats Tutorial [Unlimited Diamonds] Android iOS

No need to look anywhere else, the most advanced Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Cheat is available right now for you to download. If you want to become the best player in the world and impress your friends, get the Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Hack by HacksCommunity which requires no root or jailbreaking to your device. Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Hack Cheats is very easy to use due to the user-friendly interface. Everyday the cheat is scanned for viruses or different exploits, so no need to worry about the hack safety.

Visit Webpage: www.hackscommunity.com/soldiers-inc-mobile-warfare-hack-c...

Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Hack Tool Features:

Add Unlimited Unlimited DiamondsSoldiers Inc Mobile Warfare [Latest & Updated Version] Created by : HacksCommunity.com Team! Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Cheats Undetectable, Safe & Effective! User-friendly interface & support Plug and Play [Connect Device, Start Hack] Soldiers Inc Mobile Warfare Hack works for all Android mobile phones and tablets & iPhone, iPad, iPod, iPad Mini and other iOS Devices! No root and jailbreak needed!

U=?

The future for HIV prevention and care is promising, led by the PARTNER studies’ (Rodger et. al, 2016; Rodger et. al, 2019) ground breaking findings into antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV+ people using ART medication on a daily basis can obtain undetectable levels of viral load in their bloodstream, thus becoming unable to transmit the infection to their sexual partners, even without the use of protection. Notably, the Prevention Access Campaign (PCA) has been working to popularise the slogan “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (U=U) to promote further education and awareness on these findings, and also working to tackle the issue of social stigma towards people with HIV. Yet, even with the U=U campaign working to abolish the stigmas surrounding HIV, these facts and findings are going largely unnoticed, especially by the general public. Traditional ways of displaying information on the topic do not seem to be catching the attention of HIV negative individuals and, even within the groups where the HIV epidemic is most prevalent, the message is not having the effect it should. As an alternative way to educate on the topic, I have designed a game to help educate on HIV Stigma and the U=U Campaign, 'U=?'.

nathan_2911@msn.com

Twitter @U_EqualsGame

Spy gadgets store supply spy gadgets with free shipping. Buy hidden cameras, spy cam, spy equipment, GPS trackers for your professional, home and business surveillance security needs.

www.spygadgetmall.com/sniper-spy-sunglasses-with-undetect...

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

The wind farms have invaded the scenery in central Illinois.

Something about the juxtaposition of the century old farms with the futuristic wind mills I just love.

I took this picture at dusk with at f4.5 and a 5s shutter for an even more futuristic look. The propellers are almost undetectable. Imagine the power they could create if the propeller could really turn this fast.

-Enjoy

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

Nicholas Owen enrolled as an apprentice to the Oxford joiner William Conway on the feast of the Purification of Blessed Mary, February 2nd ,1577. He was bound for a period of eight years and the papers of indenture state that he was the son of Walter Owen, citizen of Oxford, carpenter. Oxford at the time was strongly Catholic.

Fr. Garnet in a letter dated 1596 writes of a carpenter of singular faithfulness and skill who has traveled through almost the entire kingdom and, without charge, has made for Catholic priests hiding places where they might shelter the fury of heretical searchers. If money is offered him by way of payment he gives it to his two brothers; one of them is a priest, the other a layman in prison for his faith.

Why should priests need hiding places? From 1585 it was considered treason, punishable by a traitor's death, to be found in England if a priest had been ordained abroad. Of Owen, the modern edition of Butler's Lives of the Saints says: "Perhaps no single person contributed more to the preservation of Catholic religion in England in penal times".

In the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot, 1605, the result of the frustration of a group of young Catholics when, after dropping hints of toleration, James I made it clear that there would be no relaxation of anti - Catholic legislation, the hunt for priests accused of complicity centred on Hindlip House. This had been provided with hiding places by Nicholas Owen which proved undetectable. He himself was there and when he emerged after four days of hiding he was arrested.

Contrary to English law, which forbade the torture of a man suffering from a hernia, as he was, he was racked day after day, six hours at a time. He died under torture without betraying any secret - and he knew enough to bring down the entire network of covert Catholics in England.

He was canonized in 1970, not merely for his endurance but for his sanctity, attested by his contemporaries. Today, 22 March, is his feast day.

This sculpture of Nicholas Owen is in Harvington Catholic church, next to the Hall in which he had built seven priest hiding holes - more than in any other place.

www.messersmith.name/wordpress/2011/12/25/a-final-stroll-...

I've been keeping a low public profile since I left Sedona on a snowy day in early December. After a couple of nights of layover time in Brisbane I arrived in rainy Madang and began to trudge through the seemingly endless list of tasks which will allow me to exit my home town of thirty years. I was planning to take some pictures of the inside of my house before I left, but I watited too long. It is now in a sorry state. I have to avert my eyes from the bare walls, empty shelves and vacant bookcases. It is not the home I once thought. I discovered late in life that home is not a place or a house. The old expression seems trite - home is where the heart is - but it is profoundly true.

My garden is still a cheery place. I've enjoyed several quiet walks there, accompanied by my trusty old Canon G10. I sold my G11 and its underwater housing. I was going to sell the G10 and housing also, but I think I'll keep it. I seriously doubt if I'll ever dive again, but it's possible. The G10 will make a great camera for Grace. She wants something that will let her grow. It's a perfect camera for an enthusiastic amateur. I can't see much sense in letting it set on a shelf while spending the money on a new G12. For most shots the difference in the images is undetectable.

You won't be able to tell much about cameras from these shots. They all have been heavily Photoshopped for "artistic" purposes. This hibiscus has been smoothed, despeckled, outlined, enlarged, shrunk, posterized and massaged in other ways until it bears little resemblance to a photograph:

And the spider in this shot has been stretched, sharpened and colorized within an inch of its life:

The colors in this shot are nothing like the original photo, but the grasshopper looks exactly as it does in my head:

I wanted a grasshopper which might take up residence behind the looking glass.

These jasmine flowers smell so sweet as to make the head spin. They affect me much the same as orange blossoms:

I remember driving once through an orange grove with Eunie and getting so light-headed from the intensity of the aroma that I had to ask her to drive.

This night-blooming jasmine has much the same effect on me. After nine in the evening stepping out my front door is a mind-bending experience:

Visceral experiences are common here in the belly of the tropics. Redundant as that might be linguistically, the metaphor holds true. I find the high desert austere in comparison. That is not a measure of value, but an observation upon which I need to reflect so that I may learn to appreciate it and discover its secrets. When I arrived in Madang I was a gawker. I could not appreciate it properly because I had so little knowledge. As I gain knowledge of my new environment I will come to love and appreciate it as much as I ever have loved and appreciated Madang.

Lush . . . the word which comes to mind so often. Bathed in perfume and perspiration - I'm enjoying being wet again - I stand in simple awe of the outrageous palette displayed by humble vegetation:

A little super-virgin olive oil with a dash of balsamic . . . voila! A tasty and festive salad. I wonder what coleus tastes like?

I am having little trouble bidding goodbye to most things in Madang. Friends are the hardest . . . Some things I won't miss: melting roads with potholes so deep that you have to turn your lights on, power outages that are timed by Satan himself, phones that work when you don't need them . . . the list goes on. I'll live without my boat. I can survive quite happily in the absence of the verdant landscape. Diving gave me decades of fun and learning, but I will find other pleasant pursuits. I think that when I look back over a few years to catalog the things I miss the few pages will be occupied with simple notations of things I thought of as uniquly mine. My smart, pretty dog, Sheba, my lovely house, my orchids in my garden:

The funny thing about this is that you can't really own any of these things. The way things are going today I sometimes wonder if we can own anything. Maybe some of us are beginning to realize that is it just so much stuff. It's not the actual stuff that is of value. The value lies in the feelings we get from thinking that we own it and it is ours. It's my stuff. It's your stuff. It's good stuff . . .

Ah, well, since it's only the feelings and memories that get the endorphins flowing freely, juicing me up nicely and making me jingle like a pocket full of silver dollars, I'm going to develop a philosophy of Gratification by Means of Virtual Ownership.

I'm going to start with a virtual spin in my new virtual Corvette on the virtually smooth North Coast Road.

See you later . . .

Edited Chandra Space Telescope image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, with colors representing the various metals (to an astronomer, if it's not hydrogen or helium, it's a metal) in the nebula formed from the explosion. Silicon is red, sulfur is yellow, calcium is green, and iron is purple. (Blue is the blast wave.) Color/processing variant.

Original caption: Where do most of the elements essential for life on Earth come from? The answer: inside the furnaces of stars and the explosions that mark the end of some stars' lives.

Astronomers have long studied exploded stars and their remains — known as "supernova remnants" — to better understand exactly how stars produce and then disseminate many of the elements observed on Earth, and in the cosmos at large.

Due to its unique evolutionary status, Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is one of the most intensely studied of these supernova remnants. A new image from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows the location of different elements in the remains of the explosion: silicon (red), sulfur (yellow), calcium (green) and iron (purple). Each of these elements produces X-rays within narrow energy ranges, allowing maps of their location to be created. The blast wave from the explosion is seen as the blue outer ring.

X-ray telescopes such as Chandra are important to study supernova remnants and the elements they produce because these events generate extremely high temperatures — millions of degrees — even thousands of years after the explosion. This means that many supernova remnants, including Cas A, glow most strongly at X-ray wavelengths that are undetectable with other types of telescopes.

Chandra's sharp X-ray vision allows astronomers to gather detailed information about the elements that objects like Cas A produce. For example, they are not only able to identify many of the elements that are present, but how much of each are being expelled into interstellar space.

The Chandra data indicate that the supernova that produced Cas A has churned out prodigious amounts of key cosmic ingredients. Cas A has dispersed about 10,000 Earth masses worth of sulfur alone, and about 20,000 Earth masses of silicon. The iron in Cas A has the mass of about 70,000 times that of the Earth, and astronomers detect a whopping one million Earth masses worth of oxygen being ejected into space from Cas A, equivalent to about three times the mass of the Sun. (Even though oxygen is the most abundant element in Cas A, its X-ray emission is spread across a wide range of energies and cannot be isolated in this image, unlike with the other elements that are shown.)

Astronomers have found other elements in Cas A in addition to the ones shown in this new Chandra image. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrogen have also been detected using various telescopes that observe different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Combined with the detection of oxygen, this means all of the elements needed to make DNA, the molecule that carries genetic information, are found in Cas A.

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the human body (about 65% by mass), calcium helps form and maintain healthy bones and teeth, and iron is a vital part of red blood cells that carry oxygen through the body. All of the oxygen in the Solar System comes from exploding massive stars. About half of the calcium and about 40% of the iron also come from these explosions, with the balance of these elements being supplied by explosions of smaller mass, white dwarf stars.

While the exact date is not confirmed (PDF), many experts think that the stellar explosion that created Cas A occurred around the year 1680 in Earth's timeframe. Astronomers estimate that the doomed star was about five times the mass of the Sun just before it exploded. The star is estimated to have started its life with a mass about 16 times that of the Sun, and lost roughly two-thirds of this mass in a vigorous wind blowing off the star several hundred thousand years before the explosion.

Earlier in its lifetime, the star began fusing hydrogen and helium in its core into heavier elements through the process known as "nucleosynthesis." The energy made by the fusion of heavier and heavier elements balanced the star against the force of gravity. These reactions continued until they formed iron in the core of the star. At this point, further nucleosynthesis would consume rather than produce energy, so gravity then caused the star to implode and form a dense stellar core known as a neutron star.

The exact means by which a massive explosion is produced after the implosion is complicated, and a subject of intense study, but eventually the infalling material outside the neutron star was transformed by further nuclear reactions as it was expelled outward by the supernova explosion.

Chandra has repeatedly observed Cas A since the telescope was launched into space in 1999. The different datasets have revealed new information about the neutron star in Cas A, the details of the explosion, and specifics of how the debris is ejected into space.

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, controls Chandra's science and flight operations.

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

"The sea is so salty because everyone pees in it" Goku.

____________________________________________

I wanted to find a quote where Goku talks about food but then I stumbled upon the above one and thought it made no sense at all... 🤔 and it was perfect for Goku ! I mean he can kick a villain's ass but let's be honest, he's a imbecile

Anyway, this makeup is for my nephew (I love you !!!😘), biggest fan in the world and also for his papi my big brother ☺ 'cause we used to watch DB when we were kids. And it's also for you guys of course ! 😬 I hope you like it !

____________________________________________

Products used :

@bourjoisparis Air Mat Undetectable Matte Finish Liquid Foundation; Golden Beige

@maybelline Master Precise Liquid Eyeliner, Black

@officialsnazaroo Water-Activated Paint, Black, Sky Blue, Dark Blue, Orange, Red, Pink

@mehronmakeup White Clown

@elizabethmott 6 Color Contouring Palette

I made Goku's hair with @cansonpaper paper and @mehronmakeup AQ Paradise Palette

Watch the tutorial for this bodypaint here

youtu.be/pHehGx4X8gE

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

Posted on September 29, 2007 Le Télégramme

Gautier Hamon (19) left just two years ago. The day dedicated to him today at La Torche is carried by the Kangaroo Surf Club and all those who have known this surfer like no other.The school, it was not his thing. In surfing either, when he started out, he was far from being one of the most gifted of his generation. "No coach would have bet a kopeck on this lanky little blonde" recalls another reference from current surfing Thomas Joncour.

No one saw it coming

But by dint of hours spent in the waves, Gautier will climb the steps. He slowly made a name for himself in the middle, even a nickname. "Golgoth" exploded in 2002 at the highest level. The nice surfer with good cheeks (he practices the bombard) does not change anything of his way of being but begins to win everything. In contrast to the arrogant and showy killers. If he loses too bad, if he wins, he is almost embarrassed for those he comes out in the final. His father emotionally sees his rise. "We saw the look of other surfers on him, the groupies, the brands that were starting to take an interest in him". "But he didn't see any of it. We were much more proud than him. It felt like success and recognition were going over her. In 2004 at 18, he illustrates at the highest national level in long boarding, a discipline traditionally mastered by experienced surfers. But he does not take the melon so far and continues to invest with the young people of the Kangaroo surf club. Always available to chat, to go sailing with the little ones.

Moving ceremony

On October 1, 2005, "Golgoth" was struck down in mid-flight, in Minou, near Brest. Ruptured aneurysm or undetectable heart failure. On the day of his cremation, more than a hundred surfers took part in the watershed ceremony. On the day of this moving ceremony, the urn is placed at the surf club, a bulb farmer from La Torche provides the flower petals ... His parents watch the farewell in impressive silence. Gautier had the aura of those who disappear too quickly, without warning. When he was not there, everyone missed him. He arrived on the water and the surf session took on another dimension. Always the banana, always the smile. He was the first to congratulate those who managed to beat him (fewer and fewer at the end). He will never challenge a judge's decision. His coaches do not remember having seen him once in a bad mood. “It was embodied life. Always fooling around, making others laugh with his jokes. ”

Golgoth for ever

"He was already legendary during his lifetime," said surfer Thomas Joncour. "There is not a day when I do not see him in the water, not a day when I do not take a wave for him". This day of surfing is open to all, it is disputed by team (tag team), with at least one young person under 18 years old.

Good chewy turmeric rice with lashings of ghee, but undetectable turmeric despite positively glowing with yellow!

The chickpea curry was freshened up with diced red onions, which I liked, but onion-haters will loath.

All 3 curries were too sweet and seriously lacking in spice.

Little India

235 Upper Food Court,

1341 Dandenong Rd, Chadstone, VIC 3148

03 9530 9745

Little India - Chadstone Shopping Centre

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

04/01/2022

Click here to view press release

WASHINGTON – To inform oil spill responders about new technologies available to address oil spills, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) hosted an outdoor demonstration of the Low-Emission Spray Crude Oil Combustor technology–also known as the “BSEE Burner”–at NRL’s testing facility in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, on March 30.

“This technology has the potential to be a game changer in the performance of oil spill recovery,” said BSEE Director Kevin Sligh. “I’ve seen how much damage an oil spill can cause, and the BSEE Burner, once deployed, will be an important tool to use in its mitigation.”

Developed in partnership with NRL over seven years, the BSEE Burner technology cleanly burns large volumes of emulsified oil from spills that occur in remote areas where storage facilities may not be available, or where transporting the recovered oil is cost prohibitive.

EPA emission tests revealed that the burner performs well with a combustion efficiency of 99.9%. Carbon monoxide concentrations were at almost undetectable levels, and low soot emissions yielded no visible smoke plume.

“This technology can completely burn oil without the plume of harmful black smoke or residue,” said Steven Tuttle, Ph.D., NRL combustion and reacting transport section head and developer and operator of the burner. “This burner will benefit the environment by providing oil spill remediation of emulsified crude oil in remote locations, where the carbon footprint of transporting the oil to be re-processed is greater than burning the oil in place.”

Attended by the U.S. Coast Guard, NOAA, industry, and oil spill response organizations, BSEE and NRL arranged the demonstration to facilitate open discussions regarding potential use scenarios and system specifications, and for those who may have an interest in pursuing licensing options and licensing information with the U.S. Navy.

The invention is another important example of Federal technology transfer efforts and is now ready for commercialization by private interests through collaboration with TechLink – a nationally focused technology transfer partnership intermediary for the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs.

BSEE conducts research and development as part of its robust Oil Spill Preparedness Program. The program ensure owners and operators of offshore facilities are ready to respond to threats of and actual oil spills that may result from their activities. These research efforts benefit oil spill responders and contingency planners by providing expanded decision-making options, better tactics, and updated equipment.

Photo: A low-emission burner apparatus burns emulsified oil in a demonstration at the Naval Research Laboratory in Chesapeake Beach, MD in the early morning of Wednesday, March 30, 2022. (BSEE Public Affairs)

-BSEE-

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

Dr. Alan Bauman brought his patient, Kevin Nalts Nalty as an example of the minimally-invasive, natural hairline restorations that can be performed using the FUE/NeoGraft device. Physicians from around the world had an opportunity to examine Kevin's hairline and donor area. FUE NeoGraft Hair Transplantation leaves no linear scar in the donor and can yield undetectably natural results in the hairline. For more info on NeoGraft FUE, visit www.baumanmedical.com or www.neograft.info.

“If the eye does not want to see, neither light nor glasses will help”

German Proverb

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From the middle Earth

The blue hotness did rise

Laid above mantles of pain

Cutting through the ethers

A willingness to enter a vessel

Can they handle the energy?

Children borne of leading light

Crystal goblets in hand

Clutching the living trust

Undetectable, on fainting lips

Hidden behind the materials

To become tangible to the touch

Finger to finger

They are reconnecting the fibers...

~Jmtm

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

Dr. Alan Bauman brought his patient, Kevin Nalts Nalty as an example of the minimally-invasive, natural hairline restorations that can be performed using the FUE/NeoGraft device. Physicians from around the world had an opportunity to examine Kevin's hairline and donor area. FUE NeoGraft Hair Transplantation leaves no linear scar in the donor and can yield undetectably natural results in the hairline. For more info on NeoGraft FUE, visit www.baumanmedical.com or www.neograft.info.

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

bit.ly/13Zxbo1 - Cell Phone Tracking Software 5 Tips Parents Need To Know for Cell Phone Spy Smartphone Monitoring Mobile phone spy monitoring and tracking software can help inform parents of their children's activities, and help businesses protect sensitive data. mSpy provides undetectable features across an array of communication options on target user smartphones and tablets. No doubt cell phones have played a crucial role in enabling parents to keep in a better touch with teens, but threats like 'sexting' and 'cyber bullying' have many parents concerned where most are wondering if it is worth it. Teens rarely pursue cell phone privileges these days. Rather they tend to share personal details with strangers in form of talking and texting in the wee hours of morning. They can also start neglecting their school assignments which leads them to feel embarrassed and fear the loss of their cell phone use. In such a set-up, teens won't share the root cause of their issues with parents because their cell phone privileges are at stake. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 In the scenario like above, parents need to know the secrets of smart parenting! Below are some useful tips to monitor your teens' safety while using cell phone. 1) Spare some time to teach them to the pitfalls of sexting and other internet dangers that surface due to inappropriate use of a cell phone. 2) Take some interest in their social life, start keeping an eye on certain things like who they are calling and texting and at what time. Monitor their calls, no one will know they are being monitored. 3) Instruct your teens not to share any personal information with strangers. 4) In case your teens have gone too far abusing the cell phone privileges, installing mobile monitoring software onto their cell phone would be the next best step. To protect and monitor your children 24/7 even when they're away. 5) Protect them from cyber-bulling and online threats. Safeguard your family. mSpy is a customizable phone spy app for smartphones and tablets which provides advanced mobile phone spy tracking and monitoring options between devices. Home and Business solutions from mSpy offer specific features designed for each environment. The mSpy phone spy home version gives parents the option of listening to incoming or outgoing phone calls, logging and tracking SMS messages, viewing photos and browser history, and tracking GPS location and viewing history. A newly provided feature allows tracking of Skype and Whatsapp activity. A complete list of features for the home version of mSpy can be found by going to Mobile Phone Spy. For more Cell Phone Spy Tips Go Here~ bit.ly/13Zxbo1 Subsribe to our channel to receive more info about: cell phone spy software cell phone spy software free download cell phone spy software reviews cell phone spy software remote installation cell phone spy software iphone cell phone spy software free trial cheating spouse cell phone iphone spy software spybubble mSpy mobistealth Samsung SGH-T959 Vibrant Samsung Galaxy S II SGH-T989 HTC myTouch 4G (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit II 4G SGH-T679 LG T-Mobile myTouch E739 LG P999 G2x (T-Mobie) LG LG Optimus T (T-Mobile) Nokia Nuron 5230 (unlocked) HTC G2 A6161 (T-Mobile) LG P509 Motorola DROID A855 (VZW) Samsung Gravity SMART SGH-T589 Samsung Highlight T749 (T-Mobile) Samsung Exhibit 4G SGH-T759 Samsung Behold T919 (T-Mobile) LG Doubleplay C729 Samsung Gravity T T669 (T-Mobile) HTC Amaze 4G Samsung Dart SGH-T499 Samsung Memoir T929 (T-Mobile) Samsung A777 (AT&T) Samsung Evergreen A667 (ATT) Samsung Rugby II A847 (AT&T) Pantech Ease P2020 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson Xperia X10a (AT&T) Pantech Pursuit P9020 (AT&T) Huawei U2800 ZTE R225 (unlocked) Samsung A237 (AT&T) Nokia 6350 (AT&T) Nokia 2330 (AT&T) Samsung Captivate I897 (AT&T) Nokia 6085 Pantech Breeze C520 (AT&T) Motorola BACKFLIP MB300 (AT&T) Samsung A437 (AT&T) Nokia 2600 (AT&T) Nokia 2720 (AT&T) ZTE F160 (ATT) Pantech Breeze II P2000 (AT&T) Nokia 6030 Nokia 2610 (AT&T) LG P505 Motorola Flipside MB508 (ATT) Samsung A117 (AT&T) Pantech P5000 BlackBerry Curve 3G 9300 (ATT) LG CU515 (AT&T) BlackBerry Bold 9700 (AT&T) BlackBerry Curve 8520 (AT&T) Samsung Jack i637 (AT&T) Pantech P6010 Motorola ROKR EM330 (AT&T) Sony Ericsson W580i Nokia 6126 (AT&T) Nokia 6102i bit.ly/18qjGRN

Dr. Alan Bauman brought his patient, Kevin Nalts Nalty as an example of the minimally-invasive, natural hairline restorations that can be performed using the FUE/NeoGraft device. Physicians from around the world had an opportunity to examine Kevin's hairline and donor area. FUE NeoGraft Hair Transplantation leaves no linear scar in the donor and can yield undetectably natural results in the hairline. For more info on NeoGraft FUE, visit www.baumanmedical.com or www.neograft.info.

#maangpatta #maangpattagame #maangpattavideo #maangpattacheatingdevice #powerbankdevice #powerbankcheatingdevice #powerbankcardscanner #powerbankcameradevice

Play and win in every game of maang patta using the latest power bank cheating device designed by HR Playing Cards store. We have designed the #powerbankcheatingdevice with 2 meter card scanning range. All the information for game result can be gained in less than second with this device. It can provide you information for which card coming in or out. You can use this device secretly without getting caught. You can use this secret device to cheat as well as to normally charge your mobile phones.

Benefits of Using Power Bank Device

1.Looks and works like real power bank device

2.Super fast card scanning speed

3.100% accuracy

4.Supports wireless earpiece and vibrator device for sharing information

5.Easy to use with all poker cheating devices and playing cards scanner devices

For more information visit: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL3j9GpDtz0&feature=youtu.be

HR Playing Cards store is the leading dealer of playing card cheating equipment in India. We have our delivery services available in all cities of India. We are the most trusted playing cards cheating devices dealer providing an undetectable range of products which can be used anywhere without risk of getting caught.

Dr. Alan Bauman brought his patient, Kevin Nalts Nalty as an example of the minimally-invasive, natural hairline restorations that can be performed using the FUE/NeoGraft device. Physicians from around the world had an opportunity to examine Kevin's hairline and donor area. FUE NeoGraft Hair Transplantation leaves no linear scar in the donor and can yield undetectably natural results in the hairline. For more info on NeoGraft FUE, visit www.baumanmedical.com or www.neograft.info.

Being paranoid does not mean that it is not happening: the remote control tools known affectionately as RAT (Remote Administration Tool) are a type of Trojan that allows controlling other people's computers remotely and, in most cases, undetectable.

There are old and obscure ones, like BackOrifice (presented in the Defcon of 1998 to demonstrate the numerous vulnerabilities of Windows 98) or corporate and modern as Symantec's pcAnywhere. Unlike other tools for hackers, RATs have become very popular because they are simple to use. Simply install the program and use the interface to manage all infected computers, including their webcams.

In this web, the cams are totally open, they are not private and are directed to a very specific public, the name of the web is cams xxxx and you can see as many as you want.

If our computer has been "ratted", the camera could be turned on without us knowing or taking pictures every X minutes, depending on the Trojan and our own configuration. Probably the hacker has full access to our system and can create, copy, delete and modify folders; read and answer emails, install new software and run programs, change operating system settings and even turn on and off the computer without us noticing to get gas light. In the RAT jargon, infected users are "slaves" that fans are exchanged in dedicated forums along with software updates and tips to catch more victims. This is also easier than it seems.

Social life of a trojan

To get a slave you have to make the user install the Trojan first but, obviously, nobody knowingly installs malicious software. The most common and effective ruse is to fill the exchange networks and hosting files with executables disguised as songs or movies. The movies are usually compressed to facilitate traffic and, when the user clicks to unzip the file, ends with an alien instead of the last episode of Game of Thrones. You have to fear files finished in .exe instead of .rar or .zip.

Another perfect site for slave fishing are social networks, where the artificial connection between "friends" provides a false sense of security. The most exquisite talk with their victims and convince them to open a link to a video or a photo. Others limit themselves to sending massive messages that say: Click to see an incredible video or Signing to end censorship in the Middle East.

It is not enough to avoid strangers. When you get the first slave, it's easy to use your personal email to infect your circle of friends and family. If a cousin sends you a message that says "click to see your e-card" it is best to make sure that the surprise card does not hide a poisoned gift, even if it is our birthday, holy or the day of the Constitution. Beware of suspicious attachments.

May the light be with you

The favorite victims are young and attractive girls with little interest in computers, many photos on social networks and the bad habit of leaving the laptop on and open in their room. Many rats are onlookers who boast of their conquests in specialized forums and distribute photos and videos of girls who often end up in the cloud or in child pornography networks. Sometimes they are classmates, workmates or ex-boyfriends that can cause even more harm.

Access to emails, telephone conversations and personal documents produces an omniscient effect that terrifies victims but intoxicates the perpetrator, who quickly develops God's complex. In recent years there have been cases of spies who have collected intimate material and then blackmail the victim and force her to undress in front of the camera, but the tendency is to troll the slave or make him gas light. The DarkComet panel had a poltergeist mode that allows you to move things from the site, change the names of things or have the system read texts aloft, to see how the victim reacts. Typically, slaves can watch videos of themselves in previous days or gross and unpleasant pictures. Some of these videos can be seen briefly on YouTube.

Trojans not only control cameras, but they can register passwords and listen to conversations, activating the microphone in addition to the camera. Interestingly, it is not easy to turn off the light that is turned on in some computers to indicate that the camera is active.

It's amazing how many people turn off that warning on their own initiative and there are many computers that simply do not have it (and hackers handle lists of all of them). It is best to unplug the camera when we are not using it or, if it is embedded in the notebook, put a sticker on it. Many companies have begun to launch sophisticated ways to cover the third eye but just a post-it or a piece of electrical tape.

Arcane Dragons Hack Cheats Tutorial [Unlimited Ruby and Gold] Android iOS

No need to look anywhere else, the most advanced Arcane Dragons Cheat is available right now for you to download. If you want to become the best player in the world and impress your friends, get the Arcane Dragons Hack by HacksCommunity which requires no root or jailbreaking to your device. Arcane Dragons Hack Cheats is very easy to use due to the user-friendly interface. Everyday the cheat is scanned for viruses or different exploits, so no need to worry about the hack safety.

Visit Webpage: www.hackscommunity.com/arcane-dragons-hack-cheats/

Arcane Dragons Hack Tool Features:

Add Unlimited Unlimited Ruby and GoldArcane Dragons [Latest & Updated Version] Created by : HacksCommunity.com Team! Arcane Dragons Cheats Undetectable, Safe & Effective! User-friendly interface & support Plug and Play [Connect Device, Start Hack] Arcane Dragons Hack works for all Android mobile phones and tablets & iPhone, iPad, iPod, iPad Mini and other iOS Devices! No root and jailbreak needed!

Blueberry juice feels rather decadent when you consider how many of the tiny fruits are required to produce just a glass or two of juice. Luckily, blueberry pulp is very easy to use. It becomes almost invisible when combined with chocolate or cocoa powder in baked goods, where it lends moisture and can even replace some of the oil or butter in your recipe.

www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/blueberry-papaya-cucumber-ju...

BLUEBERRY PAPAYA CUCUMBER JUICE

Juice Ingredients

1¼ cup blueberries

1 medium papaya, peeled, and trimmed, seeds removed

1 large cucumber, peeled and seededjuice of 1 to 2 sweet limes or 1 Valencia orange

Juice Instructions

1. Process blueberries and cucumber in your juicer and reserve the pulp in one bag.

2. Juice papaya and reserve its pulp separately.

3. Add the sweet lime or orange juice to the mixture, stir, and enjoy.

Serves 3.

BLUEBERRY CHOCOLATE CAKE WITH DARK CHOCOLATE GANACHE AND TOASTED COCONUT

The above juice left me with about 4 ounces (½ cup) of cucumber-blueberry pulp and ¾ cup of papaya pulp. Using slightly more or less pulp in your recipe probably will not affect your finished product all that much.

Here I adapted my standard vegan chocolate cake recipe, with the pulp serving as a substitute for a large portion of the oil. As I mentioned above, the pulp in the batter is virtually undetectable and the cake came out incredibly moist and tender.

Cake Ingredients

1½ cups whole wheat pastry flour

1½ cups all purpose flour

⅔ cup unsweetened cocoa powder, plus extra for dusting

(I add a tablespoon or two of black onyx cocoa powder to my regular cocoa when I make chocolate cake — it gives a slightly richer product. Onyx cocoa powder can be ordered from the Savory Spice Shop.)

1½ cups sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

½ cup blueberry-cucumber pulp

½ cup vegetable oil

2 cups brewed black tea*, chilled

1 tablespoon vanilla

4 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

*Either coffee or tea works very well in this recipe — for best results be sure to use a strong brew.

Cake Instructions

1. Grease two 9-inch round cake pans and dust with cocoa powder. Line bottoms of the pans with parchment paper and grease the parchment as well.

2. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) with a rack in the middle.

3. Sift flours, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt together in a large bowl.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the blueberry-cucumber pulp, vegetable oil, chilled tea, and vanilla.

5. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and combine with a rubber spatula. Add the vinegar and mix in with as few strokes as possible (it’s okay if there are streaks in the batter).

6. Pour batter into the prepared pans and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, testing doneness with a wooden toothpick.

7. Let cakes cool in their pans for 5 to 10 minutes before running a knife around the edge of each pan and unmolding to cool completely.

While cakes are cooling, put the papaya pulp and a tablespoon or two or orange juice into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer. Add a tablespoon of sugar and stir as the mixture simmers gently for about 5 minutes. Cook until you have a thick, spreadable paste. Cool.

Filling Instructions

When the cake has cooled you may want to even out the surface of your first layer by slicing off the dome to create a flat, even round. Spread the papaya filling over the bottom cake layer and top with second cake.

Ganache Ingredients

8 ounces chopped dark chocolate, or chocolate chips (about 60% cocoa)

⅔ cup soy milk

4 tablespoons maple syrup

topping: ½ cup toasted* unsweetened shredded coconut

(*spread coconut onto a sheet pan and toast at 325°F (163°C) in a toaster oven for about 10 minutes)

Ganache Instructions

1. Heat the soy milk in a small saucepan until it begins to boil. Remove from heat and immediately add the chocolate.

2. Stir until all the chocolate has melted, then stir in maple syrup until the mixture is completely smooth.

3. Let cool slightly before pouring over the cake. Top your cake with the toasted coconut, and chill in fridge to set the ganache.

This cake keeps beautifully for 3 to 4 days at room temperature when wrapped in plastic or stored inside a cake dome.

Dr. Alan Bauman brought his patient, Kevin Nalts Nalty as an example of the minimally-invasive, natural hairline restorations that can be performed using the FUE/NeoGraft device. Physicians from around the world had an opportunity to examine Kevin's hairline and donor area. FUE NeoGraft Hair Transplantation leaves no linear scar in the donor and can yield undetectably natural results in the hairline. For more info on NeoGraft FUE, visit www.baumanmedical.com or www.neograft.info.

Dr. Alan Bauman brought his patient, Kevin Nalts Nalty as an example of the minimally-invasive, natural hairline restorations that can be performed using the FUE/NeoGraft device. Physicians from around the world had an opportunity to examine Kevin's hairline and donor area. FUE NeoGraft Hair Transplantation leaves no linear scar in the donor and can yield undetectably natural results in the hairline. For more info on NeoGraft FUE, visit www.baumanmedical.com or www.neograft.info.