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Traces (and trace fossils) are physical evidence of an organism's behavior. Common examples include tracks, trails, burrows, and borings. Seen here are borings in the trunk of a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) made by woodpeckers. This is in Florissant National Monument, Colorado. The park service reports at least the following woodpeckers species in the area: Williamson's sapsucker, downy woodpecker, hairy woodpecker, and northern flicker.
Woodpecker holes are produced by repeated concussion against the surface wood by the bird's beak. These particular woodpecker holes are "xylem wells" - they are made to access tree sap as a food source.
Locality: trailside, Petrified Forest Loop Trail, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, central Colorado, USA
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Info. at:
natureidentification.com/woodpecker-holes-and-other-sign-...
Natchez Trace Parkway Bridge across Birdsong Hollow.
The double arch bridge at milepost 438 on the Natchez Trace Parkway was completed in 1994 and received the Presidential Award for Design Excellence in 1995 for its innovative design. The bridge rises 155 feet above the valley and eliminates the need for spandrel columns.
The attractive town of Tewkesbury has been dominated by its superb abbey church since the beginning of the 12th century, and we can be forever grateful to its townspeople for purchasing the monastic church in 1540 for £453 for use as their parish church, saving it from the fate that befell countless similar great churches across the land during the turmoil of the Dissolution. It reminds us both how lucky we are to still marvel at it today, yet also how great a loss to our heritage the period wrought when many more such buildings were so utterly plundered as to have gone without trace (the fate of the monastic buildings here and even the lady chapel of the church whose footings are laid out in the grass at the east end).
Tewkesbury Abbey is thus rightly celebrated as one of our greatest non-cathedral churches, and remarkably much of the original Norman church remains substantially intact, most apparently in the great central tower, a fine example of Romanesque architecture adorned with rows of blind-arcading. The west front is dominated by a massive Norman-arched recess (enclosing the somewhat later west window) and the nave and transepts remain largely as originally built, though this is less clear externally owing to the changes made to the windows, nearly all of which were enlarged in the 14th century in the Decorated Gothic style. This century also saw the complete rebuilding of the eastern limb of the church, of a form less common in England with radiating chapels surrounding the eastern apse of the choir (the central lady chapel sadly missing since 1540).
The interior reveals far more of the Romanesque structure with mighty columns supporting the round Norman arches of the nave arcades giving the building a great sense of solidity. The space is further enlivened by the changes made during the 14th century by the stunning vault over the nave (adorned with a rewarding series of figurative bosses) which sits surprisingly well with the Norman work below. Beyond the apsidal choir beckons, and both this and the space below the tower are enriched with stunningly complex vaulted ceilings (replete with further bosses and gilded metal stars), all ablaze with colour and gilding.
There is much to enjoy in glass here, most remarkably a complete set of 14th century glazing in the clerestorey of the choir, seven windows filled with saints and prophets (and most memorably two groups of knights in the westernmost windows on each side). A few of the figures have fared less well over the centuries but on the whole this is a wonderfully rare and well preserved scheme. There is much glass from the 19th century too, with an extensive scheme in the nave of good quality work by Hardman's, and more recently a pair of rich windows by Tom Denny were added in one of the polygonal chapels around the east end.
Some of the most memorable features are the monuments with many medieval tombs of note, primarily the effigies and chantry chapels of members of the Despenser family around the choir (two of the chantries being miniature architectural gems in their own right with exquisite fan-vaulting). In one of the apsidal chapels is the unusual cenotaph to Abbot Wakeman with his grisly cadaver effigy, a late medieval reminder of earthly mortality.
Tewkesbury Abbey is not to be missed and is every bit as rewarding as many of our cathedrals (superior in fact to all but the best). It is normally kept open and welcoming to visitors on a daily basis. I have also had the privilege of working on this great building several times over the years (as part of the team at the studio I once worked for), and have left my mark in glass in a few discreet places.
From our Campground we took a cab to the Buffalo Trace Distillery and had a nice guide named Freddie. He was 3rd Generation working at the Distillery. It was just us and Freddie on the Historical Tour. One of the best tours we have been on. A must if you are in the area!
Trace Line Worksheet
Dear families, in this worksheet, you are going to teach some shapes to your children like a triangle, circle and etc. What can you do for this activity? For instance; you can teach circle shape by showing a basket or a plate and tell what they are. On the other hand, you...
Hump Day shenanigans in Astoria got Elites coming out for some Buffalo Trace (www.buffalotrace.com) and Queens Brewery (www.queensbrewery.com) to complement fun bites of octopus, dragon fingers, burgers, and live music at one of the borough's coolest venues in Front Toward Enemy (www.yelp.com/biz/front-toward-enemy-astoria) (@FTEnemyNYC). Peep the reviews here: www.yelp.com/biz/elite-event-front-toward-enemy-astoria