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Tornillo de mantequera acompañado de la Vía Láctea,al fondo la contaminación lumínica de Málaga, el primer plano esta iluminado con la luna
- The green block is a plasticized permanent magnet.
- Der grüne Block ist ein plastifizierter Permanentmagnet.
- El bloque verde es un imán permanente plastificado.
Flowers by Valentina Minayeva.
Tornillo by Paolo Bascetta.
Paper Size: 5cm*5cm*90.
Final Size: 7.5cm.
Smell like chocolate :)
Foto: Teresa Fernández Naranjo
No usar esta imagen sin mi autorización expresa. © Todos los derechos reservados.
Please don't use this image without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
The Sierra del Carmen mountains just across the Rio Grande in Mexico dominate the Eastern half of Big Bend National Park. They are majestic in the afternoon sun and spectacular at sundown.
They also represent the "normal" elevation on this side of the park.
Although they look like high mountains, they really are relatively unmoved. The relief is due to the next to the last step in the geological history of the park.
About 15 million years ago, the extension or spreading apart that has dominated the Western United States started to work its way through the Big Bend area. This spreading created what we call the Basin and Range province of the Western US.
Death Valley in Califonia is one of the western-most examples of this and Big Bend is one of the eastern-most examples in the US.
Like the Grand Tetons in Wyoming, the Sierra del Carmens owe their relief to a large fault. The del Carmens remained at their normal elevation while where this picture was taken began to sink forming the basin in the basin and range while the Sierra del Carmens formed the range. The opposite side of the basin is a similar fault at Santa Elena Canyon on the west side of the park. The basin here is not blessed with a colorful Chihuahuan name - some geologist who was a little short on imagination called it: The Sunken Block.
The Chisos Mountains form an unusual high mountainous oasis in this basin. The cooled magma stocks are thought to have prevented them from sinking with the rest of the basin.
This new basin rapidly filled with sediment eroded off of the Chisos Mountains and to a lesser extent, the sediments also eroded off of the Larmide compressional anticlines or swells such as Dagger, San Vincinte, and Mariscal Mountains.
Eventually, the Rio Grande River worked its way through this area, spilling from filled basin to filled basin.
This is the last chapter in the geologic story of Big Bend - erosion.
As the Rio Grande "spilled" into The Sunken Block, it and the basin sediments formed a lake until it reached the height of the southeastern rim of the basin.
Once it began spilling over, it began cutting what would later become Boquillas Canyon. As it cut lower and lower, it began to empty the sediments that had partially filled The Sunken Block.
This erosion began only 5 to 3 million years ago and is still continuing although right now, the decreased flow of the river after the last ice age means that this area has entered a pause in the erosion and is actually slightly filling again along the river.
Tornillo Creek runs in the mid-distance along the low hills and has emptied hundreds of feet of Tertiary sediments into the Rio Grande forming Tornillo flats as it lowers the surface.
If you look closely at the surface near the prickly pear cactus, you will see that it is very gravely. We call this a deflation surface and it is caused by the creek selectively removing the clays, silts, and sands while leaving the larger gravels. As this process continues, more gravels are concentrated at the surface forming a gravel lag deposit.
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El tornillo aéreo de Leonardo da Vinci, también conocido como hélice o predecesor del helicóptero, es un diseño de máquina voladora que se encuentra en los bocetos de Da Vinci. Consistía en un gran tornillo en espiral que, al girar, debía generar una fuerza de sustentación vertical, similar al funcionamiento de un helicóptero moderno.
Descripción:
El diseño del tornillo aéreo se basaba en la idea de un tornillo gigante que, al girar, penetraría en el aire como un tornillo en la madera. Tenía una base circular de la que salía un eje que sostenía una vela en forma de espiral, con un diámetro de aproximadamente 10 metros, formando un tornillo sin fin.
Funcionamiento:
Se esperaba que al girar el tornillo, el aire quedaría atrapado entre las espirales y empujado hacia abajo, generando una fuerza de elevación que permitiría al dispositivo ascender.
Importancia histórica:
Aunque Da Vinci nunca construyó un modelo funcional de su tornillo aéreo, su diseño se considera un precursor importante del helicóptero moderno y muestra el interés de Da Vinci por la aeronáutica y su capacidad para observar e imitar la naturaleza.
Relevancia actual:
En la actualidad, el diseño del tornillo aéreo ha inspirado a investigadores y científicos, según un artículo de Infobae. Un estudio reciente de la Universidad Johns Hopkins demostró que una versión modernizada del tornillo aéreo puede generar la misma sustentación que un rotor convencional de un dron, pero con menor consumo de energía y menor ruido. Esto abre nuevas posibilidades para la reducción de la contaminación acústica en entornos urbanos con drones.
En resumen, el tornillo aéreo de Leonardo da Vinci es un testimonio de su genio creativo y su visión anticipada del futuro de la aeronáutica, que sigue inspirando investigaciones y desarrollos tecnológicos en la actualidad.
Tomorrow (or today depending on where you are) is the 75th Anniversary of the establishment of Big Bend National Park. It seemed that even Nature wanted to join the celebration.
I mentioned that the clouds began to gather in the description of the previous photo. Perhaps that was a little understated. A few welcome very light showers blew over on my way back to the Dog Canyon Trailhead. The rain was so light and the air so dry that the drops splattering on my clothes evaporated almost as soon as they landed. It made the hike very enjoyable and comfortable. I could see, however, several true thunderstorms building over a wide expanse of the eastern side of the park.
I loaded my backpack in the Jeep and spent several minutes watching these storms build and the showers intensify.
The speed limit within the park is only 45 mph and the distances are great - for example from the Dog Canyon trailhead back to Panther Junction near the center of the Park is over 20 miles. I wanted to get closer to a storm that was cascading great sheets of rain over the Chisos Mountains.
The road crosses a low rise to climb over Hannold Hill and I looked in the mirror and saw this scene.
There is a pull out to a fossil bone exhibit here and I turned off the road and almost leaped out of the Jeep with my camera. I have learned to not waste time because storms can come and go quickly in the quirky Chihauhuan weather.
The pungent smell of rain hitting the dry desert and the Texas Sage and Creosote Plants raced across the campsite driven by the down-gusts from the coalescing storms.
The storm on the left was drenching the upper part of Tornillo Flat while the shafts of rain on the right were flooding the Old Ore Road as it snaked behind the low, brown intrusive rocks of the McKinney Hills.
I have waited years to see these kinds of storms at Big Bend and I couldn't believe my incredible luck that it coincided with the Park's 75th Anniversary!
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