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The Mangrove Tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, is a reasonably common Ascidian found in mangroves and shallow reef habitats in the tropical Western Atlantic. A promising anti tumor compound has been isolated from this organism. However, much of what I've read seems to suggest a struggle with both an inability to harvest enough of the tunicates to derive the needed volume of the compound, and the inability to completely synthesize the compound in the laboratory. However, this source seems to suggest that successful synthesis is ongoing at this point:
"The mangrove tunicate produces a compound called ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743, also known as trabectedin), which has gained attention for its anti-cancer properties (eg. Carballo et al. 2000). Although clinical trials support its effectiveness in reducing various solid-type tumors, the size and abundance of this ascidian make large-scale production of ET-743 difficult and costly. Approximately one metric ton of E. turbinata must be collected and extracted to produce one gram of the cancer-fighting agent (Proksch et al. 2003). In recent years, the medical industry has been producing trabectedin through semisynthesis (Cuevas & Francesch 2009), currently eliminating the need for the original natural product. Trabectedin, marketed under the brand name Yondelis, is the first marine anticancer agent approved in the European Union for use in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) (Cuevas & Francesch 2009). In the United States, the drug is undergoing clinical trials where it has been shown to reduce or stabilize the growth of STSs, including leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas (Amant et al. 2009, Schöffski et al. 2008)."
(from Smithsonian Marine Station)
It is significant that this marks the first marine organism yet to yield a pharmaceutical compound effective in cancer treatment.
Opening scene
It is late in the 22nd Century. United Planet cruiser C57D a year out from Earth base on the way to Altair for a special mission. Commander J.J Adams (Leslie Neilsen) orders the crew to the deceleration booths as the ship drops from light speed to normal space.
Adams orders pilot Jerry Farman (Jack Kelly) to lay in a course for the fourth planet. The captain then briefs the crew that they are at their destination, and that they are to look for survivors from the Bellerophon expedition 20 years earlier.
As they orbit the planet looking for signs of life, the ship is scanned by a radar facility some 20 square miles in area. Morbius (Walter Pigeon) contacts the ship from the planet asking why the ship is here. Morbius goes on to explain he requires nothing, no rescue is required and he can't guarantee the safety of the ship or its crew.
Adams confirms that Morbius was a member of the original crew, but is puzzled at the cryptic warning Morbius realizes the ship is going to land regardless, and gives the pilot coordinates in a desert region of the planet. The ship lands and security details deploy. Within minutes a high speed dust cloud approaches the ship. Adams realizes it is a vehicle, and as it arrives the driver is discovered to be a robot (Robby). Robby welcomes the crew to Altair 4 and invites members of the crew to Morbious residence.
Adams, Farman and Doc Ostrow (Warren Stevens) arrive at the residence and are greeted by Morbius. They sit down to a meal prepared by Robbys food synthesizer and Morbius shows the visitors Robbys other abilities, including his unwavering obedience. Morbius then gives Robby a blaster with orders to shoot Adams. Robby refuses and goes into a mechanical mind lock, disabling him till the order is changed.
Morbius then shows the men the defense system of the house (A series of steel shutters). When questioned, Morbius admits that the Belleraphon crew is dead, Morbius and his wife being the only original survivors. Morbius's wife has also died, but months after the others and from natural causes. Morbius goes on to explain many of the crew were torn limb from limb by a strange creature or force living on the planet. The Belleraphon herself was destroyed when the final three surviving members tried to take off for Earth.
Adams wonders why this force has remained dormant all these years and never attacked Morbius. As discussions continue, a young woman Altaira (Anne Francis) introduces herself as Morbius daughter. Farman takes an immediate interest in Altaira, and begins to flirt with her . Altaira then shows the men her ability to control wild animals by petting a wild tiger. During this display the ship checks in on the safety of the away party. Adams explains he will need to check in with Earth for further orders and begins preparations for sending a signal. Because of the power needed the ship will be disabled for up to 10 days. Morbius is mortified by this extended period and offers Robby's services in building the communication facility
The next day Robby arrives at ship as the crew unloads the engine to power the transmitter. To lighten the tense moment the commander instructs the crane driver to pick up Cookie (Earl Holliman) and move him out of the way. Quinn interrupts the practical joke to report that the assembly is complete and they can transmit in the morning.
Meanwhile Cookie goes looking for Robby and organizes for the robot to synthesize some bourbon. Robby takes a sample and tells Cookie he can have 60 gallons ready the next morning for him.
Farman continues to court Altair by teaching her how to kiss, and the health benefits of kissing. Adams interrupts the exercise, and is clearly annoyed with a mix of jealous. He then explains to Altair that the clothes she wears are inappropriate around his crew. Altair tries to argue till Adams looses patience and order Altair to leave the area.
That night, Altair, still furious, explains to her father what occurred. Altair takes Adams advice to heart and orders Robby to run up a less revealing dress. Meanwhile back at the ship two security guards think they hear breathing in the darkness but see nothing.
Inside the ship, one of the crew half asleep sees the inner hatch opened and some material moved around. Next morning the Captain holds court on the events of the night before. Quinn advises the captain that most of the missing and damaged equipment can be replaced except for the Clystron monitor. Angry the Capt and Doc go back to Morbius to confront him about what has occurred.
Morbius is unavailable, so the two men settle in to wait. Outside Adams sees Altair swimming and goes to speak to her. Thinking she is naked, Adams becomes flustered and unsettled till he realizes she wants him to see her new dress. Altair asks why Adams wont kiss her like everyone else has. He gives in and plants one on her. Behind them a tiger emerges from the forest and attacks Altair, Adams reacts by shooting it. Altair is badly troubled by the incident, the tiger had been her friend, but she can't understand why acted as if she was an enemy.
Returning to the house, Doc and Adams accidently open Morbius office. They find a series of strange drawings but no sign of Morbius. He appears through a secret door and is outraged at the intrusion. Adams explains the damage done to the ship the previous night and his concern that Morbius was behind the attack.
Morbius admits it is time for explanations. He goes on to tell them about a race of creatures that lived on the planet called the Krell. In the past they had visited Earth, which explains why there are Earth animals on the planet. Morbius believes the Krell civilization collapsed in a single night, right on the verge of their greatest discovery. Today 2000 centuries later, nothing of their cities exists above ground.
Morbius then takes them on a tour of the Krell underground installation. Morbius first shows them a device for projecting their knowledge; he explains how he began to piece together information. Then an education device that projects images formed in the mind. Finally he explains what the Krell were expected to do, and how much lower human intelligence is in comparison.
Doc tries the intelligence tester but is confused when it does not register as high as Morbius. Morbius then explains it can also boost intelligence, and that the captain of the Belleraphon died using it. Morbius himself was badly injured but when he recovered his IQ had doubled.
Adams questions why all the equipment looks brand new. It is explained that all the machines left on the planet are self repairing and Morbius takes them on a tour of the rest of the installation. First they inspect a giant air vent that leads to the core of the planet. There are 400 other such shafts in the area and 9200 thermal reactors spread through the facilities 8000 cubic miles.
Later that night the crew has completed the security arrangements and tests the force field fence. Cookie asks permission to go outside the fence. He meets Robby who gives him the 60 gallons of bourbon. Outside, something hits the fence and shorts it out. The security team checks the breach but finds nothing. A series of foot like depressions begin forming leading to the ship. Something unseen enters the ship. A scream echos through the compound.
Back at the Morbius residence he argues that only he should be allowed to control the flow of Krell technology back to Earth. In the middle of the discussion, Adams is paged and told that the Chief Quinn has been murdered. Adams breaks of his discussions and heads back to the ship.
Later that night Doc finds the footprints and makes a cast. The foot makes no evolutionary sense. It seems to have elements of a four footed and biped creature; also it seems a predator and herbivore. Adams questions Cookie who was with the robot during the test and decides the robot was not responsible.
The next day at the funeral for Chief Morbius again warns him of impending doom facing the ship and crew. Adams considers this a challenge and spends the day fortifying the position around the ship. After testing the weapons and satisfied all that could be done has, the radar station suddenly reports movement in the distance moving slowly towards the ship.
No one sees anything despite the weapons being under radar fire control. The controller confirms a direct hit, but the object is still moving towards the ship. Suddenly something hits the force field fence, and a huge monster appears outlined in the energy flux. The crew open fire, but seem to do little good. A number of men move forward but a quickly killed.
Morbious wakes hearing the screams of Altair. Shes had a dream mimicking the attack that has just occurred. As Morbious is waking the creature in the force field disappears. Doc theories that the creature is made of some sort of energy, renewing itself second by second.
Adams takes Doc in the tractor to visit Morbius intending to evacuate him from the planet. He leaves orders for the ship to be readied for lift off. If he and Doc dont get back, the ship is to leave without them. They also want to try and break into Morbious office and take the brain booster test.
They are met at the door by Robby, who disarms them. Altair appears and countermands the orders given to Robby by her father. Seeing a chance Doc sneaks into the office. Altair argues with Adams about trying to make Morbius return home, she ultimately declares her love for him.
Robby appears carrying the injured Doc. Struggling to speak and heavy pain, Doc explains that the Krell succeeded in their great experiment. However they forgot about the sub conscious monsters they would release. Monsters from the id.
Morbius sees the dead body of Doc, and makes a series of ugly comments. His daughter reminds him that Doc is dead. Morbius lack of care convinces Altair she is better off going with Adams. Morbius tries to talk Adams out of taking Altair.
Adams demands an explanation of the id. Morbius realizes he is the source of the creature killing everyone. The machine the Krell built was able to release his inner beast, the sub conscious monster dwelling deep inside his ancestral mind.
Robby interrupts the debate to report something approaching the house. Morbius triggers the defensive shields of the house, which the creature begins to destroy. Morbius then orders Robby to destroy the creature, however Robby short circuits. Adams explained that it was useless; Robby knew it was Morbius self.
Adams, Altair and Morbius retreat to the Krell lab and sealed themselves in by sealing a special indestructible door. Adams convinces Morbius that he is really the monster, and that Morbius can not actually control his subconscious desires.
The group watch as the creature beings the slow process of burning through the door. Panicked Morbius implores Altair to say it is not so. Suddenly the full realization comes, and he understands that he could endanger or even kill Altair.
As the creature breaks through Morbius rushes forward and denies its existence. Suddenly the creature disappears but Morbius is mortally wounded. With his dying breath he instructs Adams to trigger a self destruct mechanism linked to the reactors of the great machine. The ship and crew have 24 hours to get as far away from the planet as possible
The next day we see the ship deep in space. Robby and Altair are onboard watching as the planet brightens and is destroyed. Adams assures Altair that her fathers memory will shine like a beacon.
FOV: 5" wide
Home made fluorescent paint made with synthesized fluorescent minerals combined with white glue and water and painted on charred wood.
Contains:
Willemite (FL+PHOS Green >UVc)
Calcite (FL Green,Red >UVb,c)
Sphalerite (FL+PHOS Orange, Blue-green >UVabc)
Scheelite (FL Blue >UVc)
Powellite (FL Yellow >UVbc)
Shown under UVabc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosporescent
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Obtained from the basement lab. Thanks to Gordon Czop for synthesizing the scheelite and powellite.
..Fluorescent Art\Fluorescent Paint\Trees
Series best viewed in Light Box mode using Right and Left arrows to navigate.
Photostream best viewed in Slideshow mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
Jointed sandstone in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.
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(Synthesized from info. provided by several geologists during the 2003 Annual Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists):
The Lower Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation is a 10-15 meter thick, ledge-forming, erosion-resistant unit. The Sharon is paleovalley-filling in places, so it is thicker than 10-15 meters in some spots. The jointing patterns of the Sharon Formation allow for 3-D examination around large blocks of outcrop - can see the 3-D architecture of sedimentary structures. The Pottsville Group lies over a major unconformity, which was formed by eustatic sealevel fall & erosion. The Sharon Formation is the basal unit of the Pottsville sediments over this unconformity. In terms of the tectonic setting, this is in the Appalachian Foreland Basin. What influenced sedimentation and sediment supply of the Sharon Formation during the Early Pennsylvanian? Probably a migrating forebulge and Early Pennsylvanian climatic changes. The Sharon is correlatable with the Olean Conglomerate in Pennsylvania. Both the Sharon and the Olean are time-equivalent to the Tumbling Hill Member & the Huylkill Member of the lower Pottsville Formation of central Pennsylvania (both of those members are below the major unconformity in Pennsylvania, unlike in northeastern Ohio). The Sharon Conglomerate/Formation & the Olean Conglomerate were deposited under strong north-to-south paleoflow conditions.
About twelve lithofacies can be seen in the Sharon Formation in the Akron, Ohio area. The Sharon Formation is dominantly conglomerate and sandstone, with lots of sedimentary structures. It is light on fine-grained materials. The Sharon has horizontally bedded gravels, cross-bedded gravels (including trough and tabular cross bedding), deformed/overturned cross-bed sets, basal scours up to 2 meters deep (but typically 0.5 to 1 meter deep; scours are backfilled by dune/bar back migration), whole channel fills, chute fills, and gravel bar platform deposits (usually 1-2 meters thick in the Sharon; these include bar head deposits, bar core deposits, bar tail deposits, and bar margin deposits - can usually use the presence of imbricated clasts to ID bar-head & bar-core portions of gravel bar platforms, but in the Sharon, clasts are mostly spheroidal, so it is difficult to tell specific portions of gravel platforms here). In the gravel-rich Sharon deposits, get calculated average bankfull depths of 2.1 meters, 19.9 meter average paleochannel widths, and 34.3 meter maximum paleochannel widths. Get different numbers for the sandy Sharon deposits. The Sharon is typically more conglomeratic at the base & more sandy near the top. The Sharon’s interpreted depositional environment is gravel & sand bedload streams. Paleovalleys underneath the Sharon Formation were formed when the subsidence rate was greater than the sediment supply. Paleovalley backfilling (i.e., Sharon deposits) occurred when the subsidence rate was less than the sediment supply. The change in fluvial style seen in Sharon deposits is probably due to filling & overtopping of paleovalleys.
Beds of the Sharon Formation are usually cliff-forming. The Sharon in the Akron area consists of quartz-pebble conglomerate & quartzose sandstone & pebbly quartzose sandstone & sandy quartz-pebble conglomerate & some lenses or thin intervals of granulestone. The basal Sharon is conglomeratic - the “lower conglomerate”. An “upper conglomerate” can be seen in places - it is usually quite thin (1-2 pebbles thick in places), and in some places, it splits into two horizons; in some places it’s not there at all. Pebbles are almost entirely white vein quartz, with an uncertain source from the north. Detrital muscovite in the Sharon has been dated to about 370 and 406 Ma (Devonian), so the source area includes Acadian Orogeny materials. The Sharon has relatively common cross-bedding, with a few overturned cross-beds visible in areas. Abundant iron oxide staining is present in the Sharon sandstones, with a variety of morphologies - this can weather out as resistant ridges or as 3-D surfaces. Many vugs have thick goethite linings. Many goethite-stained quartz pebbles are present. Seeps & springs occur sporadically along the sandstones of the lower Sharon Formation in places. These spring waters have widely variable pH and TDS (total dissolved solids). Some dry springs are present - conduits without water emerging. A few places in basal Sharon strata have obvious rip-up shale clasts, derived from uppermost Meadville Shale beds (below the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity). One outcrop is known with many Meadville Shale clasts mixed in with Sharon quartz pebbles - this appears to represent paleobank failure of Meadville material during near-earliest Sharon deposition.
The outcrop shown above is at Virginia Kendall Ledges in Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Virginia Kendall Ledges is an isolated platform of Sharon Formation, surrounded by a lower land surface of Lower Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation shales & siltstones & sandstones. The lower Sharon Formation at this site is quite pebbly - many pebble-filled channelform features are present. Upon 3-D examination of their architecture, these are not channels or chutes, but are interpreted by Professor Neil Wells as bar confluence scours with subsequent pebble fills. The edges of the Virginia Kendall Ledges platform have large Sharon blocks separating from the rest of the platform. Abundant overturned recumbent cross beds are present - some of the world's best developed and best exposed examples. The mechanism by which crossbeds get overturned seems straightforward (unidirectional shear by fluvial currents), but the cause is not clearly understood - some cohesive agent may be required? Someone suggested biomats. Some of the scour pits in this area seem to have fairly steep margins - perhaps whatever cohesive agent was responsible for simple deformation of crossbeds was also responsible for overly steep, stable margins of depressions/chutes/channels/scours.
-----------------------------
Stratigraphy: Sharon Formation (also known as Sharon Sandstone or Sharon Conglomerate or Sharon Member), lower Pottsville Group, upper Lower Pennsylvanian
Locality: Virginia Kendall Ledges, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, north of Akron, northern Summit County, northeastern Ohio, USA (~~vicinity of 41° 13' 44.76" North latitude, 81° 30' 37.76" West longitude)
Phi is part of a series of interactive installations called Enigmas, whose poetic audiovisual systems perform aesthetic operations reflecting the issues raised by authors such as Flusser, Bergson and Gibson. The artwork uses webcams for a real-time sensing of the variance and invariance of light in the exhibition area. All the data collected through this process is translated into monochromatic lines and synthesized sounds.
credit: tom mesic
This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: V. Atakos (CCAFS)
bioLogic is growing living actuators and synthesizing responsive bio-skin in the era where bio is the new interface. Natto bacteria are harvested in a bio lab, assembled by a micron-resolution bio-printing system, and transformed into responsive fashion, a “Second Skin”. The synthetic bio-skin reacts to body heat and sweat, causing flaps around heat zones to open, enabling sweat to evaporate and cool down the body through an organic material flux.
credit: Rob Chron
Synthetic Fluorescent Minerals: Hot Rocks Group 1 - UVab
Fluorescent minerals synthesized by heating rocks and additives using a MAPP gas torch.
Contains L to R:
Aluminum Sulfate on Calcite (FL Red, Blue >UVab)
Barite soaked in Zinc Chloride (FL Yellow orange >UVab)
Zinc Metal burned with Sulfur on Barite/Fluorite (FL Green, Yellow, Orange, Blue >UVab)
Barite/Fluorite donated by Polman Minerals.
Shown under UVab light.
Series best viewed in Light Box mode using Right and Left arrows to navigate.
Key:
WL = White light
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosporesces
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:"
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
Penso che questa foto sintetizzi il concerto, favoloso!, di Elisa dove c'era proprio tutto oltre alla sua stupenda, bellissima voce che sarebbe già di per se bastata.
Spettacolo, artisti, ballerini, inventiva, scenografie...e una carica pazzesca!!
Grazie Elisa!! E' stata una super serata!! Grazie ai miei amici che l'han resa ancora migliore.
*Starlight*
p.s.:Martix !! appena trovo un video che non faccia venire il mal di mare lo posto, intanto eccoti le foto :))))!...
-------------------------------------------------* * * * * ---------------------------------------------
I think that this photo synthesize the wonderful (!) concert, of Elisa where there was everything and more in add to her beautiful, extraordinary voice that alone would be suffice always .
Spectacle, artists, dancers, invention, scenographic..and an incredible energy!!
Thanks to Elisa!! It was a super evening!! Thanks to my friends to make it more special.
*Starlight*
Sorry for absence, many problems altogheter...! :((...now I pass by. Ciaoo!!
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FINAL CAPTION: One of the world's pre-eminent organic chemists, Larry Overman came to UCI in 1971. Behind him is a model of one of the thousands of compounds synthesized in his lab that could be a starting point for possible cancer treatment.
FEATURES CAPTION: Chemist Larry Overman, who helped develop the acclaimed department, loves teaching as much as reassembling molecules.
This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: V. Atakos (CCAFS)
Mohammed Assaduzzaman, Bangladesh.
This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: A. Jarvis (CIAT/CCAFS)
Per the NMAAHC website:
"The NMAAHC’s highly symbolic presence on the National Mall is matched by the symbolism of the building itself. Lead designer David Adjaye and lead architect Philip Freelon, together with their architectural team Freelon Adjaye Bond/SmithGroup, won the international competition in April 2009 to design and deliver the museum to the people of the United States. Groundbreaking on the five-acre site took place in February 2012, with the museum opening on September 24, 2016.
The son of a Ghanaian diplomat, Adjaye grew up as a citizen of the world; he has lived in Egypt, England, Lebanon, and Tanzania; and has visited all 54 independent nations of Africa. Freelon is the leading designer for African American museums today. And before his death in February 2009, J. Max Bond Jr. designed African American historic sites, museum, and archives around the world. As a result, the architects have synthesized a variety of distinctive elements from Africa and the Americas into the building’s design and structure.
By wrapping the entire building in an ornamental bronze-colored metal lattice, Adjaye and the other architects pay homage to the intricate ironwork that was crafted by enslaved African Americans in Louisiana, South Carolina, and elsewhere."
DSC_0292
Synthesize Her performs at The Holland Project in Reno.
www.facebook.com/SynthesizeHer
Photos by: www.TonyContini.com
Geeta Chandran (Delhi) - Bharatnatyam - 20 October 2010 (Wednesday)
Geeta Chandran has been trained by eminent Bharatanatyam gurus, including Smt Swarna Saraswathy and Guru KN Dakshinamurthi Pillai. She has ably synthesized her eclectic training to present unique dance presentations in which she skilfully weaves abstract notions of joy, beauty, values, aspiration, myth and spirituality. Celebrated for her composite understanding of Bharatanatyam, Geeta is also an accomplished Carnatic vocalist. She is known for her work in television, film and theatre as also in dance education, activism and journalism. She is the founder-president of Natya Vriksha where she teaches and promotes Bharatanatyam. She is also the artistic director of the Natya Vriksha Dance Company, which has travelled all over the world with its superb dance presentations. Geeta has received many prestigious awards and fellowships, including the Padma Shri.
Presentation
In Revision, her presentation for the evening, Geeta Chandran and her Natya Vriksha Dance Company present a selection of classical numbers from the Bharatanatyam repertoire. It is suffused with the dancer’s focus on choreographic processes of intent, content and context. The intent is to celebrate the pristine classicism of Bharatanatyam. Through her Thanjavur bani, Geeta uses the adavu as the basis of her revision. This basic unit of Bharatanatyam is cast and recast in prismatic formations. The content remains the classical. The traditional Mallari, Alarippu, Padam and Tillana form the basis of Geeta’s revision. The context is what’s been altered. Since a solo dance is transformed into a group experience, the inter-body connections create new contexts for movement. There is also the context of the space in which the pieces are being performed. The grandeur of the dance has been re-contextualized for the Purana Qila monument.
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MiTo Festival 2010:
Play your Phone!
Interactive performance-concert for performers and pubblic
Chris Chafe
Siren Cloud, for piano, electric guitar and public
Robert Hamilton
Tale-Harmonium, for piano and virtual performers
Jieun Oh, Robert Hamilton
Dichotomous Harmonies, for analogical and synthesized trombones
Juan-Pablo Caceres
Perkussionista, for piano, virtual percussions
Luke Dahl, Jorge Herrera, Carr Wilkerson, Robert Hamilton
Tweet, for public, Twitter and iPad controllers
Sept 7 2010:
www.mitosettembremusica.it/en/programma/07092010-2200-pla...
Sept 8 2010:
www.mitosettembremusica.it/en/programma/08092010-2200-pla...
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Synthesize Her performs at The Holland Project in Reno.
www.facebook.com/SynthesizeHer
Photos by: www.TonyContini.com
This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: C. Peterson (CCAFS)
Subject: Payne, Eugene H
Rebstock, Mildred Catherine 1919-2011
Parke-Davis Research Laboratories
Type: Black-and-white photographs
Topic: Pharmacology
Women scientists
Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2009-1338]
Summary: left to right: Eugene H. Payne and Mildred Catherine Rebstock (1919-2011). Payne was the first person to use chloromycetin on humans and Rebstock, the leader of the Parke-Davis Research Laboratories team, was the first person to synthesize the drug
Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archivess
Persistent URL:Link to data base record
Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives
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This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: C. Peterson (CCAFS)
Conglomerate & sandstone in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.
-----------------------------
(Synthesized from info. provided by several geologists during the 2003 Annual Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists):
The Lower Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation is a 10-15 meter thick, ledge-forming, erosion-resistant unit. The Sharon is paleovalley-filling in places, so it is thicker than 10-15 meters in some spots. The jointing patterns of the Sharon Formation allow for 3-D examination around large blocks of outcrop - can see the 3-D architecture of sedimentary structures. The Pottsville Group lies over a major unconformity, which was formed by eustatic sealevel fall & erosion. The Sharon Formation is the basal unit of the Pottsville sediments over this unconformity. In terms of the tectonic setting, this is in the Appalachian Foreland Basin. What influenced sedimentation and sediment supply of the Sharon Formation during the Early Pennsylvanian? Probably a migrating forebulge and Early Pennsylvanian climatic changes. The Sharon is correlatable with the Olean Conglomerate in Pennsylvania. Both the Sharon and the Olean are time-equivalent to the Tumbling Hill Member & the Huylkill Member of the lower Pottsville Formation of central Pennsylvania (both of those members are below the major unconformity in Pennsylvania, unlike in northeastern Ohio). The Sharon Conglomerate/Formation & the Olean Conglomerate were deposited under strong north-to-south paleoflow conditions.
About twelve lithofacies can be seen in the Sharon Formation in the Akron, Ohio area. The Sharon Formation is dominantly conglomerate and sandstone, with lots of sedimentary structures. It is light on fine-grained materials. The Sharon has horizontally bedded gravels, cross-bedded gravels (including trough and tabular cross bedding), deformed/overturned cross-bed sets, basal scours up to 2 meters deep (but typically 0.5 to 1 meter deep; scours are backfilled by dune/bar back migration), whole channel fills, chute fills, and gravel bar platform deposits (usually 1-2 meters thick in the Sharon; these include bar head deposits, bar core deposits, bar tail deposits, and bar margin deposits - can usually use the presence of imbricated clasts to ID bar-head & bar-core portions of gravel bar platforms, but in the Sharon, clasts are mostly spheroidal, so it is difficult to tell specific portions of gravel platforms here). In the gravel-rich Sharon deposits, get calculated average bankfull depths of 2.1 meters, 19.9 meter average paleochannel widths, and 34.3 meter maximum paleochannel widths. Get different numbers for the sandy Sharon deposits. The Sharon is typically more conglomeratic at the base & more sandy near the top. The Sharon’s interpreted depositional environment is gravel & sand bedload streams. Paleovalleys underneath the Sharon Formation were formed when the subsidence rate was greater than the sediment supply. Paleovalley backfilling (i.e., Sharon deposits) occurred when the subsidence rate was less than the sediment supply. The change in fluvial style seen in Sharon deposits is probably due to filling & overtopping of paleovalleys.
Beds of the Sharon Formation are usually cliff-forming. The Sharon in the Akron area consists of quartz-pebble conglomerate & quartzose sandstone & pebbly quartzose sandstone & sandy quartz-pebble conglomerate & some lenses or thin intervals of granulestone. The basal Sharon is conglomeratic - the “lower conglomerate”. An “upper conglomerate” can be seen in places - it is usually quite thin (1-2 pebbles thick in places), and in some places, it splits into two horizons; in some places it’s not there at all. Pebbles are almost entirely white vein quartz, with an uncertain source from the north. Detrital muscovite in the Sharon has been dated to about 370 and 406 Ma (Devonian), so the source area includes Acadian Orogeny materials. The Sharon has relatively common cross-bedding, with a few overturned cross-beds visible in areas. Abundant iron oxide staining is present in the Sharon sandstones, with a variety of morphologies - this can weather out as resistant ridges or as 3-D surfaces. Many vugs have thick goethite linings. Many goethite-stained quartz pebbles are present. Seeps & springs occur sporadically along the sandstones of the lower Sharon Formation in places. These spring waters have widely variable pH and TDS (total dissolved solids). Some dry springs are present - conduits without water emerging. A few places in basal Sharon strata have obvious rip-up shale clasts, derived from uppermost Meadville Shale beds (below the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity). One outcrop is known with many Meadville Shale clasts mixed in with Sharon quartz pebbles - this appears to represent paleobank failure of Meadville material during near-earliest Sharon deposition.
The outcrop shown above is at Virginia Kendall Ledges in Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Virginia Kendall Ledges is an isolated platform of Sharon Formation, surrounded by a lower land surface of Lower Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation shales & siltstones & sandstones. The lower Sharon Formation at this site is quite pebbly - many pebble-filled channelform features are present. Upon 3-D examination of their architecture, these are not channels or chutes, but are interpreted by Professor Neil Wells as bar confluence scours with subsequent pebble fills. The edges of the Virginia Kendall Ledges platform have large Sharon blocks separating from the rest of the platform. Abundant overturned recumbent cross beds are present - some of the world's best developed and best exposed examples. The mechanism by which crossbeds get overturned seems straightforward (unidirectional shear by fluvial currents), but the cause is not clearly understood - some cohesive agent may be required? Someone suggested biomats. Some of the scour pits in this area seem to have fairly steep margins - perhaps whatever cohesive agent was responsible for simple deformation of crossbeds was also responsible for overly steep, stable margins of depressions/chutes/channels/scours.
-----------------------------
Stratigraphy: Sharon Formation (also known as Sharon Sandstone or Sharon Conglomerate or Sharon Member), lower Pottsville Group, upper Lower Pennsylvanian
Locality: Virginia Kendall Ledges, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, north of Akron, northern Summit County, northeastern Ohio, USA (~~vicinity of 41° 13' 44.76" North latitude, 81° 30' 37.76" West longitude)
Overturned cross-bedding in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.
Cross-bedding is a common sedimentary structure - it refers to tilted layers between horizontal layers. Crossbeds form in a one-direction current by wind or water. They are common in many sandstones.
Overturned cross-bedding is a rare sedimentary structure - the upper parts of a crossbed set are tilted upside down. It forms by one-directional shear by the same process that produced the crossbeds in the first place (e.g., 1-directional stream current or 1-direction water current). Overturned crossbeds may often be formed in nature, but subsequent, partial erosion of crossbed sets usually removes all traces of their presence.
I've seen overturned cross-bedding in the field in Ohio, Wisconsin, and Utah. The best examples I've ever seen are in the Lower Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation of northeastern Ohio. Seen above is an outcrop at Virginia Kendall Ledges in Cuyahoga Valley National Park. They can also be seen at Cuyahoga Gorge in the town of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
-----------------------------
(Synthesized from info. provided by several geologists during the 2003 Annual Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists):
The Lower Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation is a 10-15 meter thick, ledge-forming, erosion-resistant unit. The Sharon is paleovalley-filling in places, so it is thicker than 10-15 meters in some spots. The jointing patterns of the Sharon Formation allow for 3-D examination around large blocks of outcrop - can see the 3-D architecture of sedimentary structures. The Pottsville Group lies over a major unconformity, which was formed by eustatic sealevel fall & erosion. The Sharon Formation is the basal unit of the Pottsville sediments over this unconformity. In terms of the tectonic setting, this is in the Appalachian Foreland Basin. What influenced sedimentation and sediment supply of the Sharon Formation during the Early Pennsylvanian? Probably a migrating forebulge and Early Pennsylvanian climatic changes. The Sharon is correlatable with the Olean Conglomerate in Pennsylvania. Both the Sharon and the Olean are time-equivalent to the Tumbling Hill Member & the Huylkill Member of the lower Pottsville Formation of central Pennsylvania (both of those members are below the major unconformity in Pennsylvania, unlike in northeastern Ohio). The Sharon Conglomerate/Formation & the Olean Conglomerate were deposited under strong north-to-south paleoflow conditions.
About twelve lithofacies can be seen in the Sharon Formation in the Akron, Ohio area. The Sharon Formation is dominantly conglomerate and sandstone, with lots of sedimentary structures. It is light on fine-grained materials. The Sharon has horizontally bedded gravels, cross-bedded gravels (including trough and tabular cross bedding), deformed/overturned cross-bed sets, basal scours up to 2 meters deep (but typically 0.5 to 1 meter deep; scours are backfilled by dune/bar back migration), whole channel fills, chute fills, and gravel bar platform deposits (usually 1-2 meters thick in the Sharon; these include bar head deposits, bar core deposits, bar tail deposits, and bar margin deposits - can usually use the presence of imbricated clasts to ID bar-head & bar-core portions of gravel bar platforms, but in the Sharon, clasts are mostly spheroidal, so it is difficult to tell specific portions of gravel platforms here). In the gravel-rich Sharon deposits, get calculated average bankfull depths of 2.1 meters, 19.9 meter average paleochannel widths, and 34.3 meter maximum paleochannel widths. Get different numbers for the sandy Sharon deposits. The Sharon is typically more conglomeratic at the base & more sandy near the top. The Sharon’s interpreted depositional environment is gravel & sand bedload streams. Paleovalleys underneath the Sharon Formation were formed when the subsidence rate was greater than the sediment supply. Paleovalley backfilling (i.e., Sharon deposits) occurred when the subsidence rate was less than the sediment supply. The change in fluvial style seen in Sharon deposits is probably due to filling & overtopping of paleovalleys.
Beds of the Sharon Formation are usually cliff-forming. The Sharon in the Akron area consists of quartz-pebble conglomerate & quartzose sandstone & pebbly quartzose sandstone & sandy quartz-pebble conglomerate & some lenses or thin intervals of granulestone. The basal Sharon is conglomeratic - the “lower conglomerate”. An “upper conglomerate” can be seen in places - it is usually quite thin (1-2 pebbles thick in places), and in some places, it splits into two horizons; in some places it’s not there at all. Pebbles are almost entirely white vein quartz, with an uncertain source from the north. Detrital muscovite in the Sharon has been dated to about 370 and 406 Ma (Devonian), so the source area includes Acadian Orogeny materials. The Sharon has relatively common cross-bedding, with a few overturned cross-beds visible in areas. Abundant iron oxide staining is present in the Sharon sandstones, with a variety of morphologies - this can weather out as resistant ridges or as 3-D surfaces. Many vugs have thick goethite linings. Many goethite-stained quartz pebbles are present. Seeps & springs occur sporadically along the sandstones of the lower Sharon Formation in places. These spring waters have widely variable pH and TDS (total dissolved solids). Some dry springs are present - conduits without water emerging. A few places in basal Sharon strata have obvious rip-up shale clasts, derived from uppermost Meadville Shale beds (below the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity). One outcrop is known with many Meadville Shale clasts mixed in with Sharon quartz pebbles - this appears to represent paleobank failure of Meadville material during near-earliest Sharon deposition.
Virginia Kendall Ledges is an isolated platform of Sharon Formation, surrounded by a lower land surface of Lower Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation shales & siltstones & sandstones. The lower Sharon Formation at this site is quite pebbly - many pebble-filled channelform features are present. Upon 3-D examination of their architecture, these are not channels or chutes, but are interpreted by Professor Neil Wells as bar confluence scours with subsequent pebble fills. The edges of the Virginia Kendall Ledges platform have large Sharon blocks separating from the rest of the platform. Abundant overturned recumbent cross beds are present - some of the world's best developed and best exposed examples. The mechanism by which crossbeds get overturned seems straightforward (unidirectional shear by fluvial currents), but the cause is not clearly understood - some cohesive agent may be required? Someone suggested biomats. Some of the scour pits in this area seem to have fairly steep margins - perhaps whatever cohesive agent was responsible for simple deformation of crossbeds was also responsible for overly steep, stable margins of depressions/chutes/channels/scours.
-----------------------------
Stratigraphy: Sharon Formation (also known as Sharon Sandstone or Sharon Conglomerate or Sharon Member), lower Pottsville Group, upper Lower Pennsylvanian
Locality: Virginia Kendall Ledges, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, north of Akron, northern Summit County, northeastern Ohio, USA (~~vicinity of 41° 13' 44.76" North latitude, 81° 30' 37.76" West longitude)
This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: C. Peterson (CCAFS)
This is the preparation phase. Normal cell functions are carried out, DNA replicates, and proteins are synthesized.
Art Institute of Chicago
www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/72198
"This graceful trio by the Minnesota-born sculptor Paul Manship exemplifies his ability to synthesize different artistic influences in his work. The dancer, raised elegantly on the balls of her feet, gestures with her arms toward the two gazelles in a pose reminiscent of Indian art; in contrast, the stylization of the draped fabric of her skirt recalls archaic Greek sculpture. The work also highlights Manship's keen eye for detail; the linear ornament that adorns the skirt and the plinth is striking in its refined beauty. Despite its assimilation of past art forms, Dance and Gazelles remains fresh and original, and it is one of Manship's most admired works."
Rajbir Singh and JP Mishra, India.
This 2-day workshop brought representatives from countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America in order to share their experiences in developing plans for the agriculture and livestock sector, in order to synthesize lessons learned and identify future research and capacity needs for national adaptation plans (NAPs). The workshop discussed lessons from the CCAFS’ report, “Meta Synthesis of National Adaptation Plans and Policies: West and East Africa and South Asia,” testing an analytical framework to measure country needs and progress. The key audience included national-level adaptation and agriculture decision-makers.
More information on the CCAFS report can be found here: New report highlights lessons from national adaptation planning .
Photo: A. Jarvis (CIAT/CCAFS)
Polyketides are bioactive natural products and some of the most important medicines; they are synthesized by bacteria, fungi and some plants and represent an important group of structurally diverse and clinically useful compounds which include antibiotics like erythromycin and tetracycline, anticancer drugs and immunosuppressants, as such understanding the biosynthetic pathways of the different polyketide compounds is essential for creating new families of bioactive compounds with potentially useful properties. Using mutasynthesis, mutagenesis and gene cloning, we investigate the possibility of creating new hybrid molecules through manipulating the biosynthetic genes of different polyketide systems; including Mupirocin, Thiomarinols and Aminocoumarins. Our results shows that SimL (an amide ligase in the Aminocoumarins pathway) has no effect on Mupirocin or Thiomarinol production, which makes it a strong candidate for creating hybrid compounds based on Mupirocin. Work is underway to further exploit Aminocoumarins in creation of new hybrids by introducing it to both P.fluorescens NCIMB10586 and P.alteromonas SANK73390. The outcome of these experiments will determine to what extent Aminocoumarins can be used to combine independent antibiotic biosynthetic pathways and consequently aid in developing a new family of hybrid derivatives that may extend the effective use of mupirocin against MRSA.
Yusra Alsammarraie
PhD
College of Life and Environmental Sciences
For Cypher, 2009, KAC wrote a poem, which – by means of a specific code - he subsequently converted into the four letters to indicate DNA elements: ATGC (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine). He synthesized his poem - with a DNA synthesizer he produced a synthetic DNA string - and prepared the kit so that the user can insert the synthetic poem into a bacteria which will then multiply.
The poem reads: “A tagged cat will attack Gattaca”
Kac explains:
The word "Gattaca" in the poem refers to the movie, but most importantly, it refers to the emblematic oppressive genocratic state portrayed in the movie.
Genocratic (my coinage in intro to my MIT book) = "genocracy, that is, a government that conducts social policy (privacy legislation, public health, labor regulations, law enforcement) based on the false belief that genes alone determine matters of life and death."
The kit refers to the DIY method, which ensures that the development of synthetic biology evolves very quickly. At the same time this design refers to a statement of ‘empowerment’; man should not just helplessly subject to this new technology, but should ‘get to know it’ by using it.
Eduado Kac
Cypher (2009)
Courtesy Eduado Kac
photo: Kristof Vrancken / Z33
exhibition Alter Nature: We Can at Z33 from 21.11.2010 to 13.03.2011
Satya Paul unleashes exquisite off-the -rack, mod and voguish garments intrigued to provide an ultimate seduction to the soul. Dress up in vogue to create mesmerizing moments in your life.
The range comprises of vivid tops, trendy tunics, fabulous kaftans, and sensuous blouses specially synthesized to reveal the perfection and conceal the imperfection.
These ready to wear garments are crafted envisaging the needs of the leading- edge women. These are the products for that niche clientele who crave for comfort with an urge for glamour.
Dia de los Muertos Marigold Parade 2008 Albuquerque New Mexico.
© 2008 2012 Lloyd Thrap Photography for Halo Media Group
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No images are within Public Domain. Use of any image as the basis for another photographic concept or illustration is a violation of copyright.
Prismacolor Colored Pencils on Canson Field Sketch Paper
Deconstruction in progress. This is Stage 3 of a study in reducing and synthesizing shape and color elements from a black and white photo source.
Below are Stages 2 and 1. Stage 2 has served as the model for the above study.
DNA synthesizers can chemically synthesize or “print” DNA sequences. As this is still costly at present, it is usually carried out by specialized companies and sold as a service to universities and research institutions. This has had a serious side effect: the companies decide which DNA to synthesize—and which not to synthesize. There is an unofficial “black list” of potentially harmful and banned DNA sequences shared by these companies—officially for biosecurity reasons. “BLP-2000” is now developing prototype DNA synthesizers that print only blacklisted DNA sequences. However, because these prototypes are still error-prone, they repeatedly produce mutations in the physical DNA sequences. Printing out DNA from the “black list” also raises an ethical and social dilemma: Should it even be possible for the general public to print “forbidden” DNA? Or is it better to stop DIY DNA synthesis in the name of biosafety?
Credit: BCL / Georg Tremmel & Shiho Fukuhara
Photo showing impressions of the Deep Space 8K Event "Transient" by Quayola (IT) and Seta (IT).
Transient – Impermanent paintings is an audiovisual concert performed on a Steinway Spirio D grand piano and conducted in collaboration with generative algorithms. Hyper-realistic digital brushstrokes articulate endlessly on a large-scale projection as if on a real canvas. Each brushstroke is sonified with a piano note, creating polyphonic synesthetic landscapes. As veritable pictorial material, the algorithm becomes the real, tangible subject. Transient marks the beginning of a new direction in Quayola Studio, where experimentation extends to sound through unconventional generative systems. A new software has been developed ad hoc for this project, allowing images and sound to be seamlessly interconnected. The piano, an emblem of musical tradition, synthesize technological and human features: by reproducing hand movements, it acts as a link with the human realm, while at the same time performing non-human virtuosity. This project features Quayola’s studio collaborator and musician Andrea Santicchia, aka Seta. In Transient, he has fused his personal experience into the studio’s research, contributing significantly to the development of new lines of enquiry.
Credit: tom mesic
I'm still waiting for my 10 gallon pin. : )
I seriously urge everyone who is able, to donate whole blood, platelets or plasma as often as you can. These products and the many by-products that are made from them cannot be synthesized and there is always a shortage. Especially if you are a rare blood type or O Neg. which is Universal Donor. I also encourage everyone to consider getting on the Red Cross's National Bone Marrow Donor Registry.
AlienZen's recent donation prompted me to address this issue. Good for you, Mike!
Coralloids & cave boxwork in South Dakota, USA.
Boxwork is a scarce cave feature characterized by a network of intersecting veins projecting from cave walls or ceilings. Boxwork veins are typically composed of calcite, but quartz and gypsum boxwork have also been reported. Wind Cave in South Dakota’s Black Hills is the best locality on Earth for seeing abundant, well-developed cave boxwork. Wind Cave is developed in the Lower Mississippian Pahasapa Limestone. Early in the geologic history of Wind Cave, the rocks were attacked by sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and became decomposed, leaving a residual, crumbly, sandy-like material. Veins in the limestone bedrock were originally gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O - hydrous calcium sulfate), which is immune to sulfuric acid attack. The result was gypsum veins sticking out from cave walls. These projecting gypsum veins were later replaced by calcite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate).
The boxwork seen here is mostly covered with coralloids, which are pustulose to nodulose structures in caves. They are also known as knobstone and cave popcorn. There are multiple proposed origins of knobstone, including:
1) water seeping through cave bedrock and through cave popcorn itself
2) thin films of water flowing over wall irregularities
3) splash from dripping water
4) water moving by capillary action from pools into walls
5) condensation water
6) aerosols
Locality: Wind Cave, southern Black Hills, southwestern South Dakota, USA
---------
Site geology synthesized from:
Palmer, A.N. 2007. Cave Geology. Dayton. Cave Books & Cave Research Foundation. 454 pp.
A.N. Palmer (pers. comm., 2011)
Images generated by deep generator network (DGN, Nguyen, et al) as specified here: www.evolvingai.org/synthesizing
Sandstone in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.
-----------------------------
(Synthesized from info. provided by several geologists during the 2003 Annual Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists):
The Lower Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation is a 10-15 meter thick, ledge-forming, erosion-resistant unit. The Sharon is paleovalley-filling in places, so it is thicker than 10-15 meters in some spots. The jointing patterns of the Sharon Formation allow for 3-D examination around large blocks of outcrop - can see the 3-D architecture of sedimentary structures. The Pottsville Group lies over a major unconformity, which was formed by eustatic sealevel fall & erosion. The Sharon Formation is the basal unit of the Pottsville sediments over this unconformity. In terms of the tectonic setting, this is in the Appalachian Foreland Basin. What influenced sedimentation and sediment supply of the Sharon Formation during the Early Pennsylvanian? Probably a migrating forebulge and Early Pennsylvanian climatic changes. The Sharon is correlatable with the Olean Conglomerate in Pennsylvania. Both the Sharon and the Olean are time-equivalent to the Tumbling Hill Member & the Huylkill Member of the lower Pottsville Formation of central Pennsylvania (both of those members are below the major unconformity in Pennsylvania, unlike in northeastern Ohio). The Sharon Conglomerate/Formation & the Olean Conglomerate were deposited under strong north-to-south paleoflow conditions.
About twelve lithofacies can be seen in the Sharon Formation in the Akron, Ohio area. The Sharon Formation is dominantly conglomerate and sandstone, with lots of sedimentary structures. It is light on fine-grained materials. The Sharon has horizontally bedded gravels, cross-bedded gravels (including trough and tabular cross bedding), deformed/overturned cross-bed sets, basal scours up to 2 meters deep (but typically 0.5 to 1 meter deep; scours are backfilled by dune/bar back migration), whole channel fills, chute fills, and gravel bar platform deposits (usually 1-2 meters thick in the Sharon; these include bar head deposits, bar core deposits, bar tail deposits, and bar margin deposits - can usually use the presence of imbricated clasts to ID bar-head & bar-core portions of gravel bar platforms, but in the Sharon, clasts are mostly spheroidal, so it is difficult to tell specific portions of gravel platforms here). In the gravel-rich Sharon deposits, get calculated average bankfull depths of 2.1 meters, 19.9 meter average paleochannel widths, and 34.3 meter maximum paleochannel widths. Get different numbers for the sandy Sharon deposits. The Sharon is typically more conglomeratic at the base & more sandy near the top. The Sharon’s interpreted depositional environment is gravel & sand bedload streams. Paleovalleys underneath the Sharon Formation were formed when the subsidence rate was greater than the sediment supply. Paleovalley backfilling (i.e., Sharon deposits) occurred when the subsidence rate was less than the sediment supply. The change in fluvial style seen in Sharon deposits is probably due to filling & overtopping of paleovalleys.
Beds of the Sharon Formation are usually cliff-forming. The Sharon in the Akron area consists of quartz-pebble conglomerate & quartzose sandstone & pebbly quartzose sandstone & sandy quartz-pebble conglomerate & some lenses or thin intervals of granulestone. The basal Sharon is conglomeratic - the “lower conglomerate”. An “upper conglomerate” can be seen in places - it is usually quite thin (1-2 pebbles thick in places), and in some places, it splits into two horizons; in some places it’s not there at all. Pebbles are almost entirely white vein quartz, with an uncertain source from the north. Detrital muscovite in the Sharon has been dated to about 370 and 406 Ma (Devonian), so the source area includes Acadian Orogeny materials. The Sharon has relatively common cross-bedding, with a few overturned cross-beds visible in areas. Abundant iron oxide staining is present in the Sharon sandstones, with a variety of morphologies - this can weather out as resistant ridges or as 3-D surfaces. Many vugs have thick goethite linings. Many goethite-stained quartz pebbles are present. Seeps & springs occur sporadically along the sandstones of the lower Sharon Formation in places. These spring waters have widely variable pH and TDS (total dissolved solids). Some dry springs are present - conduits without water emerging. A few places in basal Sharon strata have obvious rip-up shale clasts, derived from uppermost Meadville Shale beds (below the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity). One outcrop is known with many Meadville Shale clasts mixed in with Sharon quartz pebbles - this appears to represent paleobank failure of Meadville material during near-earliest Sharon deposition.
The outcrop shown above is at Virginia Kendall Ledges in Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Virginia Kendall Ledges is an isolated platform of Sharon Formation, surrounded by a lower land surface of Lower Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation shales & siltstones & sandstones. The lower Sharon Formation at this site is quite pebbly - many pebble-filled channelform features are present. Upon 3-D examination of their architecture, these are not channels or chutes, but are interpreted by Professor Neil Wells as bar confluence scours with subsequent pebble fills. The edges of the Virginia Kendall Ledges platform have large Sharon blocks separating from the rest of the platform. Abundant overturned recumbent cross beds are present - some of the world's best developed and best exposed examples. The mechanism by which crossbeds get overturned seems straightforward (unidirectional shear by fluvial currents), but the cause is not clearly understood - some cohesive agent may be required? Someone suggested biomats. Some of the scour pits in this area seem to have fairly steep margins - perhaps whatever cohesive agent was responsible for simple deformation of crossbeds was also responsible for overly steep, stable margins of depressions/chutes/channels/scours.
-----------------------------
Stratigraphy: Sharon Formation (also known as Sharon Sandstone or Sharon Conglomerate or Sharon Member), lower Pottsville Group, upper Lower Pennsylvanian
Locality: Virginia Kendall Ledges, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, north of Akron, northern Summit County, northeastern Ohio, USA (~~vicinity of 41° 13' 44.76" North latitude, 81° 30' 37.76" West longitude)
Nutrient mobilization begins when the endosperm breaks down, fueling the emergence of the radicle, the first root, and the first leave (cotyledons). Photosynthesis has not begun because chlorophyll still needs to be synthesized in the emerging leaves and stems.
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Phi is part of a series of interactive installations called Enigmas, whose poetic audiovisual systems perform aesthetic operations reflecting the issues raised by authors such as Flusser, Bergson and Gibson. The artwork uses webcams for a real-time sensing of the variance and invariance of light in the exhibition area. All the data collected through this process is translated into monochromatic lines and synthesized sounds.
credit: tom mesic