synthesizing photos on Flickr

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Maasai Mara Game Reserve

Hippo's Mouth

The hippo's jaw is powered by a large masseter (a muscle that runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw on each side and closes the jaw in chewing)

and a well developed digastric (each of a pair of muscles that run under the jaw and act to open it) the latter loops up behind the former to the hyoid.

The jaw hinge is located far back enough to allow the animal to open its mouth at almost 180°.

Dr. Brady Barr measured the bite force of an adult female hippo at 1821 lbf;

Hippopotamus teeth sharpen themselves as they grind together. The lower canines and lower incisors are enlarged, especially in males, and grow continuously. The incisors can reach 16 in, while the canines reach up to 20 in).

Their skin secretes a natural sunscreen substance which is red-colored. The secretion is sometimes referred to as "blood sweat," but is neither blood nor sweat. This secretion is initially colorless and turns red-orange within minutes, eventually becoming brown. Two distinct pigments have been identified in the secretions, one red (hipposudoric acid) and one orange (norhipposudoric acid). The two pigments are highly acidic compounds. Both pigments inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria; as well, the light absorption of both pigments peaks in the ultraviolet range, creating a sunscreen effect. All hippos, even those with different diets, secrete the pigments, so it does not appear that food is the source of the pigments. Instead, the animals may synthesize the pigments from precursors such as the amino acid tyrosine.

I learned that late Mr. Shankerbhai M. Patel of my village as well as of my street use to collect hipposudoric acid and norhipposudoric acid from hippo. He was doing business of this solvent. These are are seeds of pharmaceutically important compounds. The secretions are not technically sweat because hippos don't have the small sebaceous glands that produce it. The deeper and bigger glands release liquid through skin holes that are visible to the naked eye.This secretions play much of a role in regulating body temperature and inhibits growth of two disease causing bacteria. The pigment in secretion absorbs light in ultraviolet range. Hippo synthesize the pigment from common precursors such as the amino acid tyrosine.

Japanese Garden by Missouri Botanical Garden

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This garden is named Seiwa-en, which means “the garden of pure, clear harmony and peace.” Designed with great care by the late Professor Koichi Kawana to ensure authenticity, this 14-acre garden is the largest of its type in the Western hemisphere. A four-acre lake is complemented with waterfalls, streams, and water-filled basins. Dry gravel gardens are raked into beautiful, rippling patterns. Four islands rise from the lake to form symbolic images. Several Japanese bridges link shorelines; families delight in the feeding of the giant “koi” (Japanese carp). Visitors are enthralled by cherry blossoms, azaleas, chrysanthemums, peonies, lotus, and other oriental plantings. This garden represents centuries of tradition and a multiplicity of cultural influences synthesized in a uniquely Japanese art form.

RI174 A Highly Important and Rare Roman Orichalcum Sestertius of Hadrian (117-138 C.E.), By the Hand of the Alphaeus Master, Perhaps the Finest Known Coin of this Reign and Among the Finest of All Extant Roman Coins, A Numismatic Masterpiece by Ancient Art & Numismatics

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Rome Mint. Attributed to the Alphaeus Master. Orichalcum. 25.53 g. 34.5 mm.

HADRIANVS - AVG COS III P P Bare-headed, draped bust of Hadrian right. / PAX AVG around in field, S - C Pax standing left holding branch in right hand and cornucopia in left.

Extremely fine, an extraordinary specimen of splendid style and in an exceptional state of preservation. Only five specimens known.

Struck only three years before his death, this superb coin seems to sum up much of Hadrian's artistic sensibilities. As a philhellene he brought the official art of the Empire to new heights. Through his energetic building programs he created such architectural wonders as the Pantheon, his Villa near Tivoli and his mausoleum (today the Castel Sant'Angelo). With this same robust enthusiasm he also altered that other official art of the Empire, its coinage. The rather harshly realistic images of the Trajanic period are replaced by more idealized effigies, more in keeping with his perceptions of Greek art.

The portrait of this coin has been attributed by Charles Seltman, ("Greek Sculpture and Some Festival Coins," Hesperia 17, 1948, p. 71 ff.) to an individual known as the Alphaeus Master, and it has been further postulated that this superb engraver may in fact be the sculptor Antoninianus of Aphrodisias. Whatever the identity of the creator is secondary to the work of art he has created, which synthesizes the best medallic work of this period, and breathes life into Hadrian's metallic portrait.

The coin appears to have been struck in anticipation of Hadrian's vicennalia, the twentieth anniversary of his accession to the throne.

NGSA5, 233; Bunker Hunt I, 134

Leaf cross sections of C3 and C4 plants | Free educational graphics by Knowable Magazine Science Graphics Library

Cartoon graphics of two leaves in cross-section showing the different arrangement of cells.

Rubisco, the enzyme that grabs carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, will sometimes grab oxygen instead, gumming up the photosynthesis assembly line. C4 plants (right) prevent this by keeping rubisco sequestered in bundle sheath cells, the blue, wreath-like rings at the center of the leaves in this simplified diagram. In ordinary C3 plants (left) rubisco is found in mesophyll cells and is the first enzyme to grab carbon that enters the leaf.

More from Health & Wellness

Besides delivering annoying bites, mosquitoes cause hundreds of millions of cases of disease each year. As many as 500 million cases of malaria are contracted globally each year, and more than one million people die from it, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mosquitoes can also spread West Nile virus, dengue fever, yellow fever and other illnesses.

Currently the most effective repellents on the market often contain a chemical known as DEET, which has been associated in some studies with potential safety concerns, such as cancer and Gulf War syndrome. It also damages materials made of plastic. The federal Environmental Protection Agency has determined that DEET, when used as directed, is safe.

The Rothamsted team set out to get the mosquitoes' viewpoint. The researchers separated human volunteers into two groups—those who were attractive to mosquitoes and those who weren't. They then put each of the volunteers into body-size foil bags for two hours to collect their body odors. Using a machine known as a chromatograph, the scientists were able to separate the chemicals. They then tested each of them to see how the mosquitoes responded. By attaching microelectrodes to the insects' antennae, the researchers could measure the electrical impulses that are generated when mosquitoes recognize a chemical.

Dr. Logan and his team have found only a small number of body chemicals—seven or eight—that were present in significantly different quantities between those people who were attractive to mosquitoes and those who weren't. They then put their findings to the test. For this they used a so-called Y-tube olfactometer that allows mosquitoes to make a choice and fly toward or away from an individual's hand. After applying the chemicals thought to be repellant on the hands of individuals known to be attractive, Dr. Logan found that the bugs either flew in the opposite direction or weren't motivated by the person's smell to fly at all.

The chemicals were then tested to determine their impact on actual biting behavior. Volunteers put their arms in a box containing mosquitoes, one arm coated with repellent chemicals and the other without, to see if the arm without the coating got bitten more.

Significant Repellency

The group's latest paper, published in March in the Journal of Medical Entomology, identified two compounds with "significant repellency." One of the compounds, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, is a skin-derived compound that has the odor of toned-down nail-polish remover, according to George Preti, an organic chemist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, who is involved in a separate line of research into insect-biting behavior. The other, identified in the paper as geranylacetone, has a pleasant odor, though there is some question about whether the chemical is formed by the human biochemical process or is picked up in the environment, Dr. Preti says.

Dr. Logan declined to comment about the specific chemicals because of proprietary concerns. He says the findings have been patented and the group is working with a commercial company to develop the compounds into a usable insect repellent. One issue that still needs to be resolved: how to develop a formulation of the repellent chemicals that will stay on the skin, rather than quickly evaporating as they do naturally. The hope is to get a product to market within a year or two, he says.

Some of the chemicals researchers identified are believed to be related to stress, Dr. Logan says. Previous research has shown that these particular chemicals could be converted from certain other molecules and this could be as a result of oxidation in the body at times of stress, he says. However, it's not clear if the chemicals observed by the Rothamsted researchers were created in this way, and research is continuing to answer this and other questions.

Dr. Logan suggests that mosquitoes may deem hosts that emit more of these chemicals to be diseased or injured and "not a good quality blood meal." Proteins in the blood are necessary for female mosquitoes to produce fertile eggs, and Dr. Logan says it might be evolutionarily advantageous for mosquitoes to detect and avoid such people.

Other Research

Other research includes an effort by scientists at the University of California, Riverside, who published a paper in the journal Nature last week identifying a recently discovered class of molecules that inhibit fruit flies' and mosquitoes' ability to detect carbon dioxide. Mosquitoes can detect carbon dioxide emissions from long ranges, so turning off the ability to detect the gas, perhaps by releasing the inhibiting molecules into the environment, may be a way of keeping the bugs at bay, the researchers suggest. Another team, at the Monell Chemical Senses Center, is launching a study into whether the taste of human skin and blood are related to the insects' interest in biting certain individuals.

Santiago de Cuba 1959 Batista tortures and deaths by Los Toros

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Article quoted from :

santiagoarde.wordpress.com/tag/bonifacio-haza/

June 21, 2017

This photo was published in Santiago de Cuba, in the first days of January 1959. Many other pages revealed the faces or corpses of men, women, youngsters almost children, murdered by Batista's tyranny in this city, where one of the Criminals, the commander Bonifacio Haza-father of the mediocre violinist of Donald Trump, was the chief police.

President Trump Speech in Miami On U.S. Policy Towards Cuba. Miami. FL. June 16, 2017

www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh31MLrWebI

President Trump greeted several of these individuals by name, and was surrounded or accompanied by others at the time of the signing. These included a terrorist arrested in 1995 in California, with an arsenal of weapons to be used to commit violent actions, and who was implicated in an assassination attempt on President Fidel Castro Ruz in 1997. Another was part of a 1974 armed infiltration in Cuba; a third was the author of terrorist actions and pirate attacks at sea on Cuban fishing boats, between 1972 and 1975.

Also present was the spouse of a sergeant who committed acts of torture during the Batista dictatorship, and one of those responsible for financing the planting of bombs at tourist locations in Cuba which exploded in 1997, as revealed by infamous terrorist Posada Carriles in an interview with the New York Times. As we know, Posada Carriles was the author of the mid-flight bombing of a Cubana de Aviación civilian aircraft in 1976, the first terrorist act against an aircraft in flight.

Many of these individuals worked for the CIA at some point.

I strongly protest the United States government given such derision, and implore it to confirm or deny if the terrorists I have mentioned were beside President Trump or not. This is an affront to the Cuban people, to the people of the world, and to the victims of international terrorism across the globe.

When, during this show, the President of the United States alluded to the father of the out-of-tune violinist who played the U.S. national anthem, he failed to state that Captain Bonifacio Haza, mentioned on several occasions by the President of the United States, was directly responsible for the murders of Carlos Díaz and Orlando Carvajal toward the end of the Batista dictatorship, and personally participated in the murder of well-known revolutionary fighter Frank País, as well as his comrade Raúl Pujol, and later, Frank País’ younger brother, who was only 19 years of age at the time.

This is an outrage our people will never forget.

The packed audience was completed by several foreign agents who are paid by U.S. government agencies in Cuba. These are the new mercenaries.

The "heroism" of Trump's violinist's father

This photo was published in Santiago de Cuba, in the first days of January 1959. Many other pages revealed the faces or corpses of men, women, youngsters almost children, murdered by Batista's tyranny in this city, where one of the Criminals, the commander Bonifacio Haza-father of the mediocre violinist of Donald Trump, was the chief police.

This individual, famous for the persecution of the revolutionaries, for the crimes, tortures and disappearance of Santiago, participated in the assassination of the hero of the clandestine fight in this city, Frank País García and also underground fighter Raul Pujol, on July 30 Of 1957. By that date, the henchman was only captain. Trump will continue to reap losses, Cubans will continue cementing the victory

The history of the "victim" of the Cuban government, distorted by the president of the United States, has details that must be known by those who heard him in his recent anti-Cuban speech.

At the time of the assassination of Frank País, who was only 22 years old and the head of the 26th of July Revolutionary Movement in the plain, was prominent in Santiago de Cuba the henchman José María Salas Cañizares, known by the people of Santiago and Cubans as "slaughter". Frank's chase was in his charge.

In his book Frank, between the sun and the mountain, the also clandestine fighter and the Rebel Army, Brigadier General William Gálvez Rodriguez, synthesizes that tragic moment.

"Massacre" to one of his pack: "I will be moving around the area and anything will call me by the car, if I am not, call Haza, who will also go with us. He is waiting for us in the Provincial Government. But listen well: at the slightest sign of resistance or flight, the order is fire against anyone. We will see later".

Then the murderer, accompanied by two others of his own kind, went to pick up another of his own kind, Bonifacio Haza. On the way, "Masacre" asks the captain if he has already chosen the houses that will be registered. Haza says yes. The operation was beginning; It was only a few minutes by 4 in the afternoon.

Once completely surrounded, Frank and Pujol decide to leave, trying to go unnoticed, but are intercepted by a soldier. When they are registered, Frank is given a 38-gun. Both are taken before the bosses. And an informer, who had studied with Frank, identifies him. Immediately, the outrage. The corpse of Frank País, had 38 gunshot wounds. At his side, the pistol, to make public opinion believe that he had rebelled and attacked authority. It was the justification for the barbaric murder. Mariano Randich, the informant, was executed shortly afterwards.

As early as mid-April 1956, the "hero of Trump" had shot down a group of students who, before the Audiencia, asked for the freedom of their fellow judges. On that occasion, it was the murderer of the Moncada, Colonel Chaviano, who gave the order of repression. "If you order it, it will be so," answered Haza. And so he did.

Two students were seriously injured. And to the amusement of another henchman for the crime, Haza exclaimed: "Let us drink by the strong hand of General Batista in the East, by our beloved colonel and future general Alberto del Río Chaviano."

Before the aggression to the students, the answer of the revolutionaries was the combat, under the direction of Frank Pais. On April 20, 1956, Carlos Díaz and Orlando Carvajal were injured. Recluded in a hospital, they were taken out and taken to a group of military assassins, including Bonifacio Haza. And the two young men were killed, after barbaric torture, among them pure alcohol application in wounds and punctures with punches.

Then, Bonifacio Haza, followed his career and increased his history of torture and crimes. Until the triumph of the Revolution arrived.

Some time ago, I interviewed a clandestine fighter from Santiago de Cuba, who, recalling the first day of the victory, referred to his meeting, in the middle of the street, with Bonifacio Haza, still armed. His indignation was such that he went to the henchman to stop him. However, Haza replied that the agreements of El Escandel, where the military command of Moncada had surrendered to Commander in Chief Fidel Castro, established that the officers were free and armed.

Campos Miguel, although he could not understand that freedom for those who hours before murdered the revolutionaries and the population, did not take him prisoner, but he stripped him of the weapon. He relied on revolutionary justice, announcing that those who were not responsible for any crime would be released, but criminals would be tried and punished by the courts.

The revolutionaries and the people acted with serenity and ethics. And in those early days of January 1959, Commander Bonifacio Haza was tried by a Revolutionary Court and paid for his crimes. He was shot, along with other famous assassins.

I do not think that the president of the United States is totally turned away from the history of this one, one of his Cuban "heroes", father of his violinist, also cataloged as a victim. The son was not guilty of the crimes of his father, but the truth can not be faked, much less for petty interests.

In Cuba, many military or civilian children who were punished for their crimes have enjoyed and enjoyed all the rights and benefits of the Revolution. Even the relatives of the military who died in combat against the revolutionaries. That principle was expressed by Fidel from October 16, 1953, before the court that tried him for the events of July 26 of that year.

Fidel said: "When Cuba is free, it must respect, protect and help also the women and children of the brave who fell before us. They are innocent of the misfortunes of Cuba, they are so many victims of this dire situation. " And that has been totally fulfilled. If Bonifacio Haza's son lived in Cuba, he would be no exception. And he would be, at least, a better violinist.

Nothing, that the Yankee president follows the tradition of his predecessors, in his mania to manufacture Cuban "heroes", to choose the worst raw materials. Bonifacio Haza is a clear example of that failure.

It is not the whole story of this character, but something helps to know it as it was.

OM PARVAT 2017 HD by SUMERU PARVAT

OM PARVAT 2017 HD

OM PARVAT

Om Parvat (also Adi Kailash, Little Kailash, Jonglingkong Peak,Baba Kailash, chhota Kailash)[3] is a mountain in the Himalayanmountain range, lying in the Darchula district of western Nepal and inPithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, India. It is considered sacred by Hindusand its snow deposition pattern resembles the sacred 'OM' (ॐ). Its appearance is distinctly similar to Mount Kailash in Tibet.[4] Near Om Parvat lie Parvati Lake and Jonglingkong Lake. Jonglingkong Lake is sacred, as Mansarovar, to the Hindus. Opposite to this peak is a mountain called Parwati Muhar. The Om Parvat is the fruit of discord between India and Nepal who do not reach agreement about the border line between the two countries. The Om Parvat is currently on the Indo-Nepalese border face "Om/ॐ" in India and the back of the mountain inNepal.

This peak was attempted for the first time by an Indo-British team including Martin Moran, T. Rankin, M. Singh, S. Ward, A. Williams and R. Ausden. The climbers promised not to ascend the final 10 metres (30 ft) out of respect for the peak's holy status. However, they were stopped around 200 m (660 ft) short of the summit by very loose snow and rock conditions.[4]

The first ascent of Adi Kailash came on October 8, 2004. The team comprised Tim Woodward, Jack Pearse, Andy Perkins (UK); Jason Hubert, Martin Welch, Diarmid Hearns, Amanda George (Scotland); and Paul Zuchowski (USA). They did not ascend the final few metres, again out of respect for the sacred nature of the summit.

Om Parvat can be viewed en route to the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra from the last camp below Lipu Lekh pass at Nabhidhang. Many trekkers to Adi Kailash often make a diversion to view Om Parvat. Om Parvat and Adi Kailash or Baba Kailash are not one and the same. Om Parvat is located near Nabhi Dhang (Nepal),The Chhota Kailash is located near Sinla pass, Near Brahma Parvat.

The best view of Om Parvat which "Om" drawn by the snow is the view from the district of Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand, India), which faces the mountain and hence to the "Om". By Kailash Mansarovar Foundation Swami Bikash Giri www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com

OM

Auṃ or Oṃ, Sanskrit: ॐ) is a sacred sound and a spiritual icon in Indian religions. It is also a mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

Om is part of the iconography found in ancient and medieval era manuscripts, temples, monasteries and spiritual retreats in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The symbol has a spiritual meaning in all Indian dharmas, but the meaning and connotations of Om vary between the diverse schools within and across the various traditions.

In Hinduism, Om is one of the most important spiritual symbols (pratima). It refers to Atman (soul, self within) andBrahman (ultimate reality, entirety of the universe, truth, divine, supreme spirit, cosmic principles, knowledge). The syllable is often found at the beginning and the end of chapters in the Vedas, the Upanishads, and other Hindu texts. It is a sacred spiritual incantation made before and during the recitation of spiritual texts, during puja and private prayers, in ceremonies of rites of passages (sanskara) such as weddings, and sometimes during meditative and spiritual activities such as Yoga.

Vedic literature

The syllable "Om" is described with various meanings in the Vedas and different early Upanishads.[19] The meanings include "the sacred sound, the Yes!, the Vedas, the Udgitha (song of the universe), the infinite, the all encompassing, the whole world, the truth, the ultimate reality, the finest essence, the cause of the Universe, the essence of life, theBrahman, the Atman, the vehicle of deepest knowledge, and Self-knowledge".

Vedas

The chapters in Vedas, and numerous hymns, chants and benedictions therein use the syllable Om. The Gayatri mantra from the Rig Veda, for example, begins with Om. The mantra is extracted from the 10th verse of Hymn 62 in Book III of the Rig Veda.These recitations continue to be in use, and major incantations and ceremonial functions begin and end with Om.

ॐ भूर्भुवस्व: |

तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यम् |

भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि |

धियो यो न: प्रचोदयात् ||

Om. Earth, atmosphere, heaven.

Let us think on that desirable splendour

of Savitr, the Inspirer. May he stimulate

us to insightful thoughts.

Om is a common symbol found in the ancient texts of Hinduism, such as in the first line of Rig veda (top), as well as a icon in temples and spiritual retreats.

The Chandogya Upanishad is one of the oldest Upanishads of Hinduism. It opens with the recommendation that "let a man meditate on Om". It calls the syllable Om as udgitha (उद्गीथ, song, chant), and asserts that the significance of the syllable is thus: the essence of all beings is earth, the essence of earth is water, the essence of water are the plants, the essence of plants is man, the essence of man is speech, the essence of speech is the Rig Veda, the essence of the Rig Veda is the Sama Veda, and the essence of Sama Veda is the udgitha (song, Om).

Rik (ऋच्, Ṛc) is speech, states the text, and Sāman (सामन्) is breath; they are pairs, and because they have love and desire for each other, speech and breath find themselves together and mate to produce song. The highest song is Om, asserts section 1.1 of Chandogya Upanishad. It is the symbol of awe, of reverence, of threefold knowledge because Adhvaryu invokes it, the Hotr recites it, and Udgatr sings it.

The second volume of the first chapter continues its discussion of syllable Om, explaining its use as a struggle between Devas (gods) and Asuras (demons). Max Muller states that this struggle between gods and demons is considered allegorical by ancient Indian scholars, as good and evil inclinations within man, respectively. The legend in section 1.2 of Chandogya Upanishad states that gods took the Udgitha (song of Om) unto themselves, thinking, "with this [song] we shall overcome the demons". The syllable Om is thus implied as that which inspires the good inclinations within each person.

Chandogya Upanishad's exposition of syllable Om in its opening chapter combines etymological speculations, symbolism, metric structure and philosophical themes. In the second chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad, the meaning and significance of Om evolves into a philosophical discourse, such as in section 2.10 where Om is linked to the Highest Self, and section 2.23 where the text asserts Om is the essence of three forms of knowledge, Om is Brahman and "Om is all this [observed world]".

Katha Upanishad

The Katha Upanishad is the legendary story of a little boy, Nachiketa – the son of sage Vajasravasa, who meetsYama – the Indian deity of death. Their conversation evolves to a discussion of the nature of man, knowledge,Atman (Soul, Self) and moksha (liberation). In section 1.2, Katha Upanishad characterizes Knowledge/Wisdom as the pursuit of good, and Ignorance/Delusion as the pursuit of pleasant, that the essence of Veda is make man liberated and free, look past what has happened and what has not happened, free from the past and the future, beyond good and evil, and one word for this essence is the word Om.

The word which all the Vedas proclaim,

That which is expressed in every Tapas (penance, austerity, meditation),

That for which they live the life of a Brahmacharin,

Understand that word in its essence: Om! that is the word.

Yes, this syllable is Brahman,

This syllable is the highest.

He who knows that syllable,

Whatever he desires, is his.

— Katha Upanishad,

Maitri Upanishad

The Maitrayaniya Upanishad in sixth Prapathakas (lesson) discusses the meaning and significance of Om. The text asserts that Om represents Brahman-Atman. The three roots of the syllable, states the Maitri Upanishad, are A + U + M. The sound is the body of Soul, and it repeatedly manifests in three: as gender-endowed body - feminine, masculine, neuter; as light-endowed body - Agni, Vayu and Aditya; as deity-endowed body - Brahma, Rudra and Vishnu; as mouth-endowed body - Garhapatya, Dakshinagni and Ahavaniya; as knowledge-endowed body - Rig, Saman and Yajur; as world-endowed body - Bhūr, Bhuvaḥ and Svaḥ; as time-endowed body - Past, Present and Future; as heat-endowed body - Breath, Fire and Sun; as growth-endowed body - Food, Water and Moon; as thought-endowed body - intellect, mind and pysche. Brahman exists in two forms - the material form, and the immaterial formless. The material form is changing, unreal. The immaterial formless isn't changing, real. The immortal formless is truth, the truth is the Brahman, the Brahman is the light, the light is the Sun which is the syllable Om as the Self.

The world is Om, its light is Sun, and the Sun is also the light of the syllable Om, asserts the Upanishad. Meditating on Om, is acknowledging and meditating on the Brahman-Atman (Soul, Self).

Mundaka Upanishad

The Mundaka Upanishad in the second Mundakam (part), suggests the means to knowing the Self and the Brahman to be meditation, self-reflection and introspection, that can be aided by the symbol Om.

That which is flaming, which is subtler than the subtle,

on which the worlds are set, and their inhabitants –

That is the indestructible Brahman. It is life, it is speech, it is mind. That is the real. It is immortal.

It is a mark to be penetrated. Penetrate It, my friend.

Taking as a bow the great weapon of the Upanishad,

one should put upon it an arrow sharpened by meditation,

Stretching it with a thought directed to the essence of That,

Penetrate that Imperishable as the mark, my friend.

Om is the bow, the arrow is the Soul, Brahman the mark,

By the undistracted man is It to be penetrated,

One should come to be in It,

as the arrow becomes one with the mark.

— Mundaka Upanishad, 2.2.2 - 2.2.4

Adi Shankara, in his review of the Mundaka Upanishad, states Om as a symbolism for Atman (soul, self).

Mandukya Upanishad

The Mandukya Upanishad opens by declaring, "Om!, this syllable is this whole world". Thereafter it presents various explanations and theories on what it means and signifies. This discussion is built on a structure of "four fourths" or "fourfold", derived from A + U + M + "silence" (or without an element).

Aum as all states of time

In verse 1, the Upanishad states that time is threefold: the past, the present and the future, that these three are "Aum". The four fourth of time is that which transcends time, that too is "Aum" expressed.

Aum as all states of Atman

In verse 2, states the Upanishad, everything is Brahman, but Brahman is Atman (the Soul, Self), and that the Atman is fourfold. Johnston summarizes these four states of Self, respectively, as seeking the physical, seeking inner thought, seeking the causes and spiritual consciousness, and the fourth state is realizing oneness with the Self, the Eternal.

Aum as all states of consciousness

In verses 3 to 6, the Mandukya Upanishad enumerates four states of consciousness: wakeful, dream, deep sleep and the state of ekatma (being one with Self, the oneness of Self). These four are A + U + M + "without an element" respectively.

Aum as all of knowledge

In verses 9 to 12, the Mandukya Upanishad enumerates fourfold etymological roots of the syllable "Aum". It states that the first element of "Aum" is A, which is from Apti (obtaining, reaching) or from Adimatva (being first). The second element is U, which is from Utkarsa (exaltation) or from Ubhayatva(intermediateness). The third element is M, from Miti (erecting, constructing) or from Mi Minati, or apīti (annihilation). The fourth is without an element, without development, beyond the expanse of universe. In this way, states the Upanishad, the syllable Om is indeed the Atman (the self).

Shvetashvatara Upanishad

The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, in verses 1.14 to 1.16, suggests meditating with the help of syllable Om, where one's perishable body is like one fuel-stick and the syllable Om is the second fuel-stick, which with discipline and diligent rubbing of the sticks unleashes the concealed fire of thought and awareness within. Such knowledge, asserts the Upanishad, is the goal of Upanishads. The text asserts that Om is a tool of meditation empowering one to know the God within oneself, to realize one's Atman (Soul, Self).

Epics

The Bhagavad Gita, in the Epic Mahabharata, mentions the meaning and significance of Om in several verses. For example, Fowler notes that verse 9.17 of the Bhagavad Gita synthesizes the competing dualistic and monist streams of thought in Hinduism, by using "Om which is the symbol for the indescribable, impersonal Brahman".

I am the Father of this world, Mother, Ordainer, Grandfather, the Thing to be known, the Purifier, the syllable Om, Rik, Saman and also Yajus.

— Krishna to Arjuna, Bhagavad Gita 9.17,

The significance of the sacred syllable in the Hindu traditions, is similarly highlighted in various of its verses, such as verse 17.24 where the importance of Omduring prayers, charity and meditative practices is explained as follows,

Therefore, uttering Om, the acts of yajna (fire ritual), dāna (charity) and tapas (austerity) as enjoined in the scriptures, are always begun by those who study the Brahman.

— Bhagavad Gita

Yoga Sutra

The aphoristic verse 1.27 of Pantanjali's Yogasutra links Om to Yoga practice, as follows,

तस्य वाचकः प्रणवः ॥२७॥

His word is Om.

— Yogasutra 1.27,

Johnston states this verse highlights the importance of Om in the meditative practice of Yoga, where it symbolizes three worlds in the Soul; the three times – past, present and future eternity, the three divine powers – creation, preservation and transformation in one Being; and three essences in one Spirit – immortality, omniscience and joy. It is, asserts Johnston, a symbol for the perfected Spiritual Man (his emphasis). BY KAILASH MANSAROVAR FOUNDATION SWAMI BIKASH GIRI www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com

Palencia, Benjamin (1894-1980) - Lying Figure (Museum of Fine Arts, Bilbao, Spain) by Milton Sonn

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Benjamín Palencia

Title :Figura tumbada

Medium : gouache on paper

Overall Size : h: 23 x w: 30 cm / h: 9.1 x w: 11.8 in

Spanish painter. based in madrid from 1909, he was self-taught and began by copying pictures by diego velázquez and el greco in the prado. he received support from the poet juan ramón jiménez and established links with such young poets and artists as federico garcía lorca, rafael alberti, salvador dalí and luis buñuel. in 1925, when he participated in the artistas ibéricos exhibition (madrid, casón buen retiro), his work consisted of mildly abstracted landscapes and cubist still-lifes. after several lengthy spells in paris between 1926 and 1928, where he met picasso, he held a one-man exhibition at the palacio de bibliotecas y museos in madrid (1928), his unconventional choice of material—including combinations of oils, soil and sand—scandalizing both critics and visitors. his work developed towards abstraction under the influence of joan miró and was marked also by surrealism in an effort to synthesize the iberian spirit with the avant-garde.

Vampire 103009 V3 by Lloyd Thrap

2 18

Model's: Melanie and Kaleigh.

Location: model shop studio. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Lloyd-Thrap-Creative-Photography

All works subject to applicable copyright laws. This intellectual property MAY NOT BE DOWNLOADED except by normal viewing process of the browser. The intellectual property may not be copied to another computer, transmitted , published, reproduced, stored, manipulated, projected, or altered in any way, including without limitation any digitization or synthesizing of the images, alone or with any other material, by use of computer or other electronic means or any other method or means now or hereafter known, without the written permission of Lloyd Thrap and payment of a fee or arrangement thereof.

No images are within Public Domain. Use of any image as the basis for another photographic concept or illustration is a violation of copyright.

Lloyd Thrap's Public Portfolio

Butterfly (Zebra Longwing) Profile 1 at Loxahatchee NWR, Boynton Beach, Florida by Paul Fernandez

4 1

Details best viewed in Original Size.

I photographed this Zebra Longwing Butterfly at the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge located on Boynton Beach, near Florida's Atlantic Coast. Jan Nagalski was visiting Florida on his annual birding trip from the frozen north, had heard of Loxahatchee, and wanted to see it for himself. This El-Niño-Wintered Loxahatchee was less than optimal, but then it was close to the Wakodahatchee Wetlands which were outstanding. Jan and I were at Loxahatchee mainly for the birds, but is something else worth shooting shows up, well we shoot it. So was with this Zebra Longwing.

Zebra Longwing or Zebra Heliconian is a species of butterfly belonging to the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae. The boldly striped black and white wing pattern is aposematic, warning off predators. The species is distributed across South and Central America and as far north as southern Texas and peninsular Florida; there are migrations north into other American states in the warmer months. Zebra longwing adults roost communally at night in groups of up to 60 adults for safety from predators. The adult butterflies are unusual in feeding on pollen as well as on nectar; the pollen enables them to synthesize cyanogenic glycosides that make their bodies toxic to potential predators. Caterpillars feed on various species of passionflower, evading the plants' defensive trichomes by biting them off or laying silk mats over them. The zebra longwing, Heliconius charithonia, was designated the state butterfly of Florida in 1996. However, mass spraying of naled has decimated the zebra longwing population in Miami-Dade County, Florida. There has been mass collapse of the colonies with impacts on the balance of the ecosystem. Further studies are needed to evaluate any potential for recolonization. The caterpillars are white with black spots and have numerous black spikes along their body. Adult butterflies are monomorphic of medium size with long wings. On the dorsal side, the wings are black with narrow white and yellow stripes, with a similar pattern on the ventral side, but paler and with red spots. The wingspan ranges from 72 to 100 mm.

Info above was extracted from Wikipedia.

TED Fellow 2010 Long Beach, love coffee by Cesar Jung-Harada

ted.com

cesarharada.com

opensailing.net

Mubarak Abdullahi (Nigeria/UK) - Aircraft engineer who, at 24, built a homemade helicopter out of old car and bike parts

Milena Boniolo (Brazil) - Chemist and PhD student at Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil, who is developing methods to detect emerging contaminants in the environment

Premesh Chandran (Malaysia) - Co-founder and CEO of Malaysiakini.com, an independent Malaysian news website

Perry Chen (US) - Co-founder and CEO of Kickstarter, a web platform offering people a new way to fund their creative ideas and endeavors

Anita Doron (Ukraine/Canada) - Surrealist filmmaker and documentarian

Ndubuisi Ekekwe (Nigeria/US) - Engineer, inventor, author and founder of the African Institution of Technology, an organization seeking to develop microelectronics in Africa

Saeed Taji Farouky (Palestine/UK) - Documentary filmmaker, photographer and writer focusing on human rights in the Middle East and North Africa

Jessica Green (US) - Professor at the University of Oregon’s Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology whose research focuses on microbial diversity

Benjamin Gulak (Canada/US) - Inventor of the Uno, the “green” electric street bike, and founder of BPG Motors

Robert Gupta (US) - Violinist, youngest member of the Los Angeles Philharmonic

Cesar Harada (Japan/France/UK) - Coordinator of the Open_Sailing project, working to develop open-source technologies to intelligently inhabit the oceans

Susie Ibarra (US/Philippines) - Composer, percussionist and co-founder of Song of the Bird King, a production company using music and film to preserve indigenous culture and ecology

Jennifer Indovina (US) - Founder of Tenrehte Technologies, a semiconductor company developing wireless smart-grid applications

Mitchell Joachim (US) - Architect and co-founder of Terreform ONE + Terrefuge, non-profit design groups that promote ecological design in cities

Raffael Lomas (Israel) - Sculptor and teacher of creative workshops for the blind

Kate Nichols (US) - Artist-in-residence at the Alivisatos Lab who synthesizes nanoparticles that exhibit structural color and incorporates them into macroscale art pieces

Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy (Pakistan/Canada) - Documentary filmmaker and founder of The Citizens Archive of Pakistan, an educational institution and heritage center established to preserve Pakistan's history

Sarah Jane Pell (Australia) - Artist-researcher, diver and founder of Aquabatics Research Team initiative (ARTi)

Manu Prakash (India/US) - Junior Fellow at Harvard Society of Fellows, physicist and inventor pursuing research in the field of physical biology

Kellee Santiago (US) - President and co-founder of thatgamecompany, a video game company working to create video games that communicate different emotional experiences

Durreen Shahnaz (Bangladesh/Singapore/US) - Founder and Chairperson of Impact Investment Exchange Asia (IIX), a social stock exchange for Social Enterprises to raise growth capital

Gavin Sheppard (Canada) - Founder of I.C. Visions and co-founder of The Remix Project, a youth program acting as an arts and cultural incubator in Toronto, Cananda

Hugo Van Vuuren (South Africa/US) - Fellow at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and at The Laboratory at Harvard, co-founder of Lebone – a social enterprise working on off-grid technologies in Africa

Angelo Vermeulen (Belgium) - Biologist, filmmaker, and visual artist creating large-scale collaborative art installations

Daniel Zoughbie (US/UK) - Founder and CEO of the Global Micro-Clinic Project (GMCP), an organization working to prevent and manage diseases in the developing world using low-cost behavioral interventions

Diploria strigosa fossil symmetrical brain coral (Cockburn Town Member, Grotto Beach Formation, Upper Pleistocene, 114-127 ka; Cockburn Town Fossil Reef, San Salvador Island, Bahamas) 4 by James St. John

Diploria strigosa - fossil symmetrical brain coral colony in the reef facies of the Cockburn Town Member, upper Grotto Beach Formation at the Cockburn Town Fossil Reef, western margin of San Salvador Island.

The Cockburn Town Fossil Reef is a well-preserved, well-exposed Pleistocene fossil reef. It consists of non-bedded to poorly-bedded, poorly-sorted, very coarse-grained, aragonitic fossiliferous limestones (grainstones and rubblestones), representing shallow marine deposition in reef and peri-reef facies. Cockburn Town Member reef facies rocks date to the MIS 5e sea level highstand event (early Late Pleistocene). Dated corals in the Cockburn Town Fossil Reef range in age from 114 to 127 ka.

---------------------------------------

The surface bedrock geology of San Salvador consists entirely of Pleistocene and Holocene limestones. Thick and relatively unforgiving vegetation covers most of the island’s interior (apart from inland lakes). Because of this, the most easily-accessible rock outcrops are along the island’s shorelines.

------------------------------

Stratigraphic Succession in the Bahamas:

Rice Bay Formation (Holocene, <10 ka), subdivided into two members (Hanna Bay Member over North Point Member)

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Grotto Beach Formation (lower Upper Pleistocene, 119-131 ka), subdivided into two members (Cockburn Town Member over French Bay Member)

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Owl's Hole Formation (Middle Pleistocene, ~215-220 ka & ~327-333 ka & ~398-410 ka & older)

------------------------------

San Salvador’s surface bedrock can be divided into two broad lithologic categories:

1) LIMESTONES

2) PALEOSOLS

The limestones were deposited during sea level highstands (actually, only during the highest of the highstands). During such highstands (for example, right now), the San Salvador carbonate platform is partly flooded by ocean water. At such times, the “carbonate factory” is on, and abundant carbonate sediment grains are generated by shallow-water organisms living on the platform. The abundance of carbonate sediment means there will be abundant carbonate sedimentary rock formed after burial and cementation (diagenesis). These sea level highstands correspond with the climatically warm interglacials during the Pleistocene Ice Age.

Based on geochronologic dating on various Bahamas islands, and based on a modern understanding of the history of Pleistocene-Holocene global sea level changes, surficial limestones in the Bahamas are known to have been deposited at the following times (expressed in terms of marine isotope stages, “MIS” - these are the glacial-interglacial climatic cycles determined from δ18O analysis):

1) MIS 1 - the Holocene, <10 k.y. This is the current sea level highstand.

2) MIS 5e - during the Sangamonian Interglacial, in the early Late Pleistocene, from 119 to 131 k.y. (sea level peaked at ~125 k.y.)

3) MIS 7 - ~215 to 220 k.y. - late Middle Pleistocene

4) MIS 9 - ~327-333 k.y. - late Middle Pleistocene

5) MIS 11 - ~398-410 k.y. - late Middle Pleistocene

Bahamian limestones deposited during MIS 1 are called the Rice Bay Formation. Limestones deposited during MIS 5e are called the Grotto Beach Formation. Limestones deposited during MIS 7, 9, 11, and perhaps as old as MIS 13 and 15, are called the Owl’s Hole Formation. These stratigraphic units were first established on San Salvador Island (the type sections are there), but geologic work elsewhere has shown that the same stratigraphic succession also applies to the rest of the Bahamas.

During times of lowstands (= times of climatically cold glacial intervals of the Pleistocene Ice Age), weathering and pedogenesis results in the development of soils. With burial and diagenesis, these soils become paleosols. The most common paleosol type in the Bahamas is calcrete (a.k.a. caliche; a.k.a. terra rosa). Calcrete horizons cap all Pleistocene-aged stratigraphic units in the Bahamas, except where erosion has removed them. Calcretes separate all major stratigraphic units. Sometimes, calcrete-looking horizons are encountered in the field that are not true paleosols.

----------------------------

Subsurface Stratigraphy of San Salvador Island:

The island’s stratigraphy below the Owl’s Hole Formation was revealed by a core drilled down ~168 meters (~550-feet) below the surface (for details, see Supko, 1977). The well site was at 3 meters above sea level near Graham’s Harbour beach, between Line Hole Settlement and Singer Bar Point (northern margin of San Salvador Island). The first 37 meters were limestones. Below that, dolostones dominate, alternating with some mixed dolostone-limestone intervals. Reddish-brown calcretes separate major units. Supko (1977) infers that the lowest rocks in the core are Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene, based on known Bahamas Platform subsidence rates.

In light of the successful island-to-island correlations of Middle Pleistocene, Upper Pleistocene, and Holocene units throughout the Bahamas (see the Bahamas geologic literature list below), it seems reasonable to conclude that San Salvador’s subsurface dolostones may correlate well with sub-Pleistocene dolostone units exposed in the far-southeastern portions of the Bahamas Platform.

Recent field work on Mayaguana Island has resulted in the identification of Miocene, Pliocene, and Lower Pleistocene surface outcrops (see: www2.newark.ohio-state.edu/facultystaff/personal/jstjohn/...). On Mayaguana, the worked-out stratigraphy is:

- Rice Bay Formation (Holocene)

- Grotto Beach Formation (Upper Pleistocene)

- Owl’s Hole Formation (Middle Pleistocene)

- Misery Point Formation (Lower Pleistocene)

- Timber Bay Formation (Pliocene)

- Little Bay Formation (Upper Miocene)

- Mayaguana Formation (Lower Miocene)

The Timber Bay Fm. and Little Bay Fm. are completely dolomitized. The Mayaguana Fm. is ~5% dolomitized. The Misery Point Fm. is nondolomitized, but the original aragonite mineralogy is absent.

----------------------------

The stratigraphic information presented here is synthesized from the Bahamian geologic literature.

----------------------------

Supko, P.R. 1977. Subsurface dolomites, San Salvador, Bahamas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 47: 1063-1077.

Bowman, P.A. & J.W. Teeter. 1982. The distribution of living and fossil Foraminifera and their use in the interpretation of the post-Pleistocene history of Little Lake, San Salvador, Bahamas. San Salvador Field Station Occasional Papers 1982(2). 21 pp.

Sanger, D.B. & J.W. Teeter. 1982. The distribution of living and fossil Ostracoda and their use in the interpretation of the post-Pleistocene history of Little Lake, San Salvador Island, Bahamas. San Salvador Field Station Occasional Papers 1982(1). 26 pp.

Gerace, D.T., R.W. Adams, J.E. Mylroie, R. Titus, E.E. Hinman, H.A. Curran & J.L. Carew. 1983. Field Guide to the Geology of San Salvador (Third Edition). 172 pp.

Curran, H.A. 1984. Ichnology of Pleistocene carbonates on San Salvador, Bahamas. Journal of Paleontology 58: 312-321.

Anderson, C.B. & M.R. Boardman. 1987. Sedimentary gradients in a high-energy carbonate lagoon, Snow Bay, San Salvador, Bahamas. CCFL Bahamian Field Station Occasional Paper 1987(2). (31) pp.

1988. Bahamas Project. pp. 21-48 in First Keck Research Symposium in Geology (Abstracts Volume), Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, 14-17 April 1988.

1989. Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 17-22, 1988. 381 pp.

1989. Pleistocene and Holocene carbonate systems, Bahamas. pp. 18-51 in Second Keck Research Symposium in Geology (Abstracts Volume), Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 14-16 April 1989.

Curran, H.A., J.L. Carew, J.E. Mylroie, B. White, R.J. Bain & J.W. Teeter. 1989. Pleistocene and Holocene carbonate environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 28th International Geological Congress Field Trip Guidebook T175. 46 pp.

1990. The 5th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 15-19, 1990, Abstracts and Programs. 29 pp.

1991. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas. 247 pp.

1992. The 6th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 11-15, 1992, Abstracts and Program. 26 pp.

1992. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 7-11, 1991. 123 pp.

Boardman, M.R., C. Carney, B. White, H.A. Curran & D.T. Gerace. 1992. The geology of Columbus' landfall: a field guide to the Holcoene geology of San Salvador, Bahamas, Field trip 3 for the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 26-29, 1992. Ohio Division of Geological Survey Miscellaneous Report 2. 49 pp.

Carew, J.L., J.E. Mylroie, N.E. Sealey, M. Boardman, C. Carney, B. White, H.A. Curran & D.T. Gerace. 1992. The 6th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 11-15, 1992, Field Trip Guidebook. 56 pp.

1993. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 11-15, 1992. 222 pp.

Lawson, B.M. 1993. Shelling San Sal, an Illustrated Guide to Common Shells of San Salvador Island, Bahamas. San Salvador, Bahamas. Bahamian Field Station. 63 pp.

1994. The 7th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 16-20, 1994, Abstracts and Program. 26 pp.

1994. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 11-14, 1993. 107 pp.

Carew, J.L. & J.E. Mylroie. 1994. Geology and Karst of San Salvador Island, Bahamas: a Field Trip Guidebook. 32 pp.

Godfrey, P.J., R.L. Davis, R.R. Smtih & J.A. Wells. 1994. Natural History of Northeastern San Salvador Island: a "New World" Where the New World Began, Bahamian Field Station Trail Guide. 28 pp.

Hinman, G. 1994. A Teacher's Guide to the Depositional Environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 64 pp.

Mylroie, J.E. & J.L. Carew. 1994. A Field Trip Guide Book of Lighthouse Cave, San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 10 pp.

1995. Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 16-20, 1994. 134 pp.

1995. Terrestrial and shallow marine geology of the Bahamas and Bermuda. Geological Society of America Special Paper 300.

1996. The 8th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, May 30-June 3, 1996, Abstracts and Program. 21 pp.

1996. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 9-13, 1995. 165 pp.

1997. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, May 30-June 3, 1996. 213 pp.

Curran, H.A., B. White & M.A. Wilson. 1997. Guide to Bahamian Ichnology: Pleistocene, Holocene, and Modern Environments. San Salvador, Bahamas. Bahamian Field Station. 61 pp.

1998. The 9th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 4-June 8, 1998, Abstracts and Program. 25 pp.

Wilson, M.A., H.A. Curran & B. White. 1998. Paleontological evidence of a brief global sea-level event during the last interglacial. Lethaia 31: 241-250.

1999. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 4-8, 1998. 142 pp.

2000. The 10th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-June 12, 2000, Abstracts and Program. 29+(1) pp.

2001. Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-12, 2000. 200 pp.

Bishop, D. & B.J. Greenstein. 2001. The effects of Hurricane Floyd on the fidelity of coral life and death assemblages in San Salvador, Bahamas: does a hurricane leave a signature in the fossil record? Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 51.

Gamble, V.C., S.J. Carpenter & L.A. Gonzalez. 2001. Using carbon and oxygen isotopic values from acroporid corals to interpret temperature fluctuations around an unconformable surface on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 52.

Gardiner, L. 2001. Stability of Late Pleistocene reef mollusks from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Palaios 16: 372-386.

Ogarek, S.A., C.K. Carney & M.R. Boardman. 2001. Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Holocene sediments of Pigeon Creek, San Salvador, Bahamas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 17.

Schmidt, D.A., C.K. Carney & M.R. Boardman. 2001. Pleistocene reef facies diagenesis within two shallowing-upward sequences at Cockburntown, San Salvador, Bahamas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 42.

2002. The 11th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 6th-June 10, 2002, Abstracts and Program. 29 pp.

2004. The 12th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 3-June 7, 2004, Abstracts and Program. 33 pp.

2004. Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 6-10, 2002. 240 pp.

Martin, A.J. 2006. Trace Fossils of San Salvador. 80 pp.

2006. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 3-7, 2004. 249 pp.

2006. The 13th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-June 12, 2006, Abstracts and Program. 27 pp.

Mylroie, J.E. & J.L. Carew. 2008. Field Guide to the Geology and Karst Geomorphology of San Salvador Island. 88 pp.

2008. Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-12, 2006. 223 pp.

2008. The 14th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 12-June 16, 2006, Abstracts and Program. 26 pp.

2010. Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 12-16, 2008. 249 pp.

2010. The 15th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 17-June 21, 2010, Abstracts and Program. 36 pp.

2012. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 17-21, 2010. 183 pp.

2012. The 16th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 14-June 18, 2012, Abstracts with Program. 45 pp.

Chelsea, Damm ™ & Nick. AKA Sid and Nancy by Lloyd Thrap

5 10

Model: Chelsea, Damm ™ & Nick.

"There is no remedy for love but to love more."

-Thoreau

Location: model shop studio, Albuquerque, NM. USA

Lloyd-Thrap-Creative-Photography
All works subject to applicable copyright laws. This intellectual property MAY NOT BE DOWNLOADED except by normal viewing process of the browser. The intellectual property may not be copied to another computer, transmitted , published, reproduced, stored, manipulated, projected, or altered in any way, including without limitation any digitization or synthesizing of the images, alone or with any other material, by use of computer or other electronic means or any other method or means now or hereafter known, without the written permission of Lloyd Thrap and payment of a fee or arrangement thereof.

No images are within Public Domain. Use of any image as the basis for another photographic concept or illustration is a violation of copyright.

Lloyd Thrap's Public Portfolio

Anyolite (corundum-amphibole zoisitite) (Neoproterozoic; Mundarara Mine, about 27 km west of Longido, Tanzania) 6 by James St. John

2

Anyolite from the Precambrian of Tanzania. (public display, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA)

Green = Cr-zoisite

Black = amphibole

Reddish = ruby (corundum)

This attractive rock is called anyolite, or corundum-amphibole zoisitite (or corundum-amphibole zoisite metamorphite). Anyolite is a metamorphic rock consisting of finely-crystalline chromian zoisite (green, Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) - calcium aluminum hydroxy-oxysilicate with Cr impurity) with minor pargasite amphibole (black), and some large porphyroblasts of red corundum (ruby) (Al2O3 - aluminum oxide with Cr impurity). There’s also minor Ca-rich plagioclase feldspar (anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8) in this rock.

Origin: Published mineralogy studies indicate that this chromian zoisite-ruby combination is the result of very high-grade metamorphism of anorthosite, an intrusive igneous rock dominated by Ca-rich plagioclase feldspar. The chromium (Cr) in the zoisite and the corundum (ruby = corundum with chromium impurity) is derived from metamorphic alteration of chromite crystals (FeCr2O4 - iron chromium oxide) in the original anorthosite unit. Chromite and chromitite (= chromite-dominated igneous rock) are commonly associated with anorthosites in LLIs (= large layered igneous intrusions, such as Montana’s Stillwater Complex).

Geologic Context & Age: This Tanzanian anyolite is hosted in gneisses exposed in the Mozambique Collision Belt, an ancient, north-south trending, tectonic collision zone in eastern Africa. It dates to the Pan-African Orogeny (Neoproterozoic), during which the ancient continents of West Gondwana (~modern-day South America & Africa) and East Gondwana (~modern-day India-Australia-Antarctica) collided, forming the long-lived, small supercontinent Gondwana.

Locality: Mundarara Mine, ~27 km west of Longido, northeastern Tanzania, southeastern Africa (2° 37.876’ South latitude, 36° 28.421’ East longitude)

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Mostly synthesized from:

Game, P.M. 1954. Zoisite-amphibolite with corundum from Tanganyika. Mineralogical Magazine 30: 458-466.

Mercier, A., P. Debat & J.M. Paul. 1999. Exotic origin of the ruby deposits of the Mangari area in SE Kenya. Ore Geology Reviews 14: 83-104.

Philosophy leader, science tutor, world superstar - smith (Fangruida) by rs alan

宇宙-生命-粒子-人类世界科学，哲学经典论坛（Smith-Fangruida 科学-哲学经典论语）

Universe-Life-Particles-Human World Science, Philosophy Classics Forum (Smith-Fangruida Science-Philosophy Classical Analects)

地球的一山一水，美丽和富饶广阔。自然，在月球，在火星，在木星卫星，在金星，水星，土星等等，以及其他类地星球特别是遥远广袤的星际，银河，银河之外，不能说没有这些地质元素存在。几千年以后，几万年以后，几十万年以后，只要人类尚存，他照样展现出同样的精致和美丽。

The mountains and waters of the earth are beautiful and rich. Naturally, on the moon, on Mars, on Jupiter satellites, on Venus, Mercury, Saturn, etc., and other terrestrial planets, especially distant and vast interstellar, galaxy, and galaxy, it cannot be said that these geological elements exist. After thousands of years, after tens of thousands of years, hundreds of thousands of years later, as long as human beings still exist, he still shows the same exquisiteness and beauty.

世界上没有永恒存在的生命（生物活性大分子以及其他高级），但是确有永久存在的永久存在的“物质体”。不论宇宙如何演变，也不论星球，天体，黑洞，暗物质，尘埃，粒子等等之类；也不论宇宙和粒子的产生隐没如何相互转化复变，宇宙之所以称其宇宙，就是宇宙本体就是物质形体，完全空洞虚无缥缈的的所谓宇宙实际上并不存在。宇宙是物质体的的变化和转换形态。即使伟大的科学家在研究说明它的最基本原理和事态的时候，也往往会过于抽象或者过于迂腐甚至走向实证的偏激，因而导致它的理论和研究漏洞百出，即使能够自圆其说，但也会失去中心，堕入研究和阐述的漩涡之中。当然，就更不必被指那些所谓的头面人物哲学大师之类的名人了。宇宙是抽象的，又是具体的实体物质性存在，它和人类的生命系统并不等同，甚至南辕北辙。人类的智慧和愚笨同样存在，想当然地以为制造或合成一些生物机器人之类就可以改变宇宙，也是一种伟大而荒唐的创造和魔法。

There is no eternal life in the world (bioactive macromolecules and other high-level ones), but there is a permanent and permanent “material body”. No matter how the universe evolves, no matter whether it is a planet, a celestial body, a black hole, a dark matter, a dust, a particle, etc., no matter how the universe and the particle are hidden, how do they transform each other? The universe is called the universe, that is, the universe is the physical form. The so-called universe, which is completely empty and imaginary, does not actually exist. The universe is the transformation and transformation of matter. Even if a great scientist studies its most basic principles and state of affairs, it tends to be too abstract or too pedantic or even to empirically biased. As a result, its theory and research are full of loopholes. Even if it can be self-explanatory, it will lose its center. Into the whirlpool of research and elaboration. Of course, it is even less necessary to be referred to celebrities such as the so-called head philosophers. The universe is abstract, and it is a concrete physical material existence. It is not equivalent to the human life system, and even the south. Human wisdom and stupidity also exist, taking it for granted that creating or synthesizing some biological robots can change the universe, and it is also a great and absurd creation and magic.

几十年几百年几千年对于政治家，军事家，思想家和哲学家来说，的确身手不凡；但对于自然科学家来说，根本不值一提。自然科学并不会是永恒不变的真理；但是，它的严酷严谨严实需要千锤百炼，才能铸就永恒。

For decades, centuries and centuries for politicians, strategists, thinkers and philosophers, it is indeed extraordinary; but for natural scientists, it is not worth mentioning. Natural science is not an eternal truth; but its harshness, rigor, and rigorous need to be tempered to create eternity.

站在月球站在火星，你看到的不仅是地球的美貌和宇宙之阔，而是一个新生的具有特质性的星球世界和人类社会。不论人类的脚步能走多么遥远，也不论自然和上帝能否给人类提供多大的机遇和成功，对于高级生命来说已经足够了；当然，对于宇宙本身来说，这都无关紧要和无伤大体。

Standing on the moon standing on Mars, you see not only the beauty of the earth and the universe, but a new and traitual world of planets and human society. No matter how far the human footsteps can go, no matter whether nature and God can provide humans with much opportunity and success, it is enough for advanced life; of course, for the universe itself, this is irrelevant and harmless. .

人类的诞生与宇宙的生辰是反比；物质的存在与宇宙的生息永远是正比。

The birth of man is inversely proportional to the birth of the universe; the existence of matter is always proportional to the life of the universe.

高级生命对于自然宇宙来说仅仅是自然中的必然，而对于物质和有机体的演变来说，则是一种正崎变。倘若是相反，逆变就会发生。生命体和有机体的演变演化存满各种变数和多杂渠道和路径。

Advanced life is only a natural necessity for the natural universe, and a positive change for the evolution of matter and organisms. If it is the opposite, the inverter will happen. The evolution of living organisms and organisms is full of variables and channels and paths.

浩瀚的宇宙中，星球爆炸，天体缩变，在极其广阔的星际每每发生，包括超巨星，超黑洞之类，甚至包括有机物和生命体的灭绝和毁灭也会出现。这些并不是天下奇观。这是否等同于宇宙毁灭呢？二者并不趋同。几万亿颗星球天体极变，对于宇宙整体物质性毫发无损，对于人类太阳系来说恐怕就是万劫不复的灾难了。

In the vast universe, the planet explodes, the celestial body shrinks, and it occurs in extremely vast interstellars, including supergiants, superblack holes, and even the extinction and destruction of organic matter and living bodies. These are not the wonders of the world. Is this equivalent to the destruction of the universe? The two do not converge. The trillions of celestial bodies have changed dramatically, and the overall materiality of the universe is unscathed. For the human solar system, it is probably a disaster that never ends.

重复历史不如创造历史；改写历史不如铸就历史。

It is better to repeat history than to create history; to rewrite history is worse than to cast history.

与其把整个人类历史描绘成智慧辉煌，倒真不如把它理解为双生的怪诞复杂的生灵之物------漫长艰难复杂的的自然原始生物性自然性和渐生渐长的智慧和高级理性。

Rather than portraying the entire human history as a wise glory, it is better to understand it as a bizarre and grotesque creature of the twins—long and difficult natural natural biological nature and gradually growing wisdom and Advanced rationality.

世界既是金碧辉煌，也是浑浑噩噩，历史的正反面或者多面体而已。

The world is both brilliant and embarrassing, the front and back of history or the polyhedron.

人的生命的尽头无异于动物生物的死亡，所不同的是，人类具有高端意识和智慧理性以及所能够创造和改造的整个自然世界。The end of human life is tantamount to the death of animal creatures. The difference is that human beings have high-end consciousness and wisdom rationality as well as the entire natural world that can be created and transformed.

生命动物，高级智慧动物，有机物-无机物集化而成的复合智能动物，在未来的世界和星球中会出现，并不为怪。It is not surprising that life animals, high-intelligence animals, and organic-inorganic integrated intelligent animals will appear in the future world and in the planet.

VPX Sports/Redline Model Search by VPX Sports / Redline

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VPX is looking for models to represent our product line at shows, events, demos, and more.

Think you have what it takes? Please send the following:

- A 150 word paragraph describing why you'd make a great addition to our team and promo crew.

- Front, side, back and the most recent image of yourself.

Please send all photographs and contact info to: MODELS@VPXSPORTS.COM

Visit us at www.vpxsports.com

Shop at shop.vpxsports.com

PRETTY GIRL FACE - 3 IMAGES by Linden Hudson

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Image by Linden Hudson (amateur photographer). These are freeze frames from video.

Who is Linden Hudson?

CLASSICBANDS DOT COM said: “According to former roadie David Blayney in his book SHARP DRESSED MEN: sound engineer Linden Hudson co-wrote much of the material on the ZZ Top ELIMINATOR album.” (end quote)

(ZZ Top never opted to give Linden credit, which would have been THE decent thing to do. It would have helped Linden's career as well. The band and management worked ruthlessly to take FULL credit for the hugely successful album which Linden had spent a good deal of time working on. Linden works daily to tell this story. Also, the band did not opt to pay Linden, they worked to keep all the money and they treated Linden like dirt. It was abuse. Linden launched a limited lawsuit, brought about using his limited resources which brought limited results and took years. No one should treat the co-writer of their most successful album like this. It's just deeply fucked up.)

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Hear the original ZZ Top ELIMINATOR writing/rehearsal tapes made by Linden Hudson and Billy Gibbons at: youtu.be/2QZ8WUTaS18

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Read Linden's story of the making of the super-famous ZZ Top ELIMINATOR album at: www.flickr.com/people/152350852@N02/

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Follow this Wikipedia link and find Linden's name throughout the article & read the album songwriter credits about halfway down at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliminator_%28album%29

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LICKLIBRARY DOT COM (2013 Billy Gibbons interview) ZZ TOP'S BILLY GIBBONS FINALLY ADMITTED: “the Eliminator sessions in 1983 were guided largely by another one of our associates, Linden Hudson, a gifted engineer, during the development of those compositions.” (end quote) (Gibbons admits this after 30 years, but offers Linden no apology or reparations for lack of credit/royalties)

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MUSICRADAR DOT COM (2013 interview with ZZ Top's guitarist Billy Gibbons broke 30 years of silence about Linden Hudson introducing synthesizers into ZZ Top's sound.) Gibbons said: “This was a really interesting turning point. We had befriended somebody who would become an influential associate, a guy named Linden Hudson. He was a gifted songwriter and had production skills that were leading the pack at times. He brought some elements to the forefront that helped reshape what ZZ Top were doing, starting in the studio and eventually to the live stage. Linden had no fear and was eager to experiment in ways that would frighten most bands. But we followed suit, and the synthesizers started to show up on record.” (once again, there was no apology from ZZ Top or Billy Gibbons after this revelation).

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TEXAS MONTHLY MAGAZINE (Dec 1996, By Joe Nick Patoski): "Linden Hudson floated the notion that the ideal dance music had 124 beats per minute; then he and Gibbons conceived, wrote, and recorded what amounted to a rough draft of an album before the band had set foot inside Ardent Studios."

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FROM THE BOOK: SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP (By David Blayney) : "Probably the most dramatic development in ZZ Top recording approaches came about as Eliminator was constructed. What had gone on before evolutionary; this change was revolutionary. ZZ Top got what amounted to a new bandsman (Linden) for the album, unknown to the world at large and at first even to Dusty and Frank."

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CNET DOT COM: (question posed to ZZ Top): Sound engineer Linden Hudson was described as a high-tech music teacher on your highly successful "Eliminator" album. How much did the band experiment with electronic instruments prior to that album?

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THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, MARCH 2018: "Eliminator" had a tremendous impact on us and the people who listen to us," says ZZ Top’s bass player. Common band lore points to production engineer Linden Hudson suggesting that 120 beats per minute was the perfect rock tempo, or "the people's tempo" as it came to be known.

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FROM THE BOOK: SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP by David Blayney: (page 227): "...the song LEGS Linden Hudson introduced the pumping synthesizer effect."

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(Search Linden Hudson in the various ZZ Top Wikipedia pages which are related to the ELIMINATOR album and you will find bits about Linden. Also the main ZZ Top Wikipedia page mentions Linden. He's mentioned in at least 7 ZZ Top related Wikipedia pages.)

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FROM THE BOOK: SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP By David Blayney: "Linden found himself in the position of being Billy's (Billy Gibbons, ZZ Top guitarist) closest collaborator on Eliminator. In fact, he wound up spending more time on the album than anybody except Billy. While the two of them spent day after day in the studio, they were mostly alone with the equipment and the ideas."

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FROM THE BOOK: BEER DRINKERS & HELL RAISERS: A ZZ TOP GUIDE (By Neil Daniels, released 2014): "Hudson reportedly had a significant role to play during the planning stages of the release (ELIMINATOR)."

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FROM THE BOOK: ZZ TOP - BAD AND WORLDWIDE (ROLLING STONE PRESS, WRITTEN BY DEBORAH FROST): "Linden was always doing computer studies. It was something that fascinated him, like studio technology. He thought he might understand the components of popular songs better if he fed certain data into his computer. It might help him understand what hits (song releases) of any given period share. He first found out about speed; all the songs he studied deviated no more than one beat from 120 beats per minute. Billy immediately started to write some songs with 120 beats per minute. Linden helped out with a couple, like UNDER PRESSURE and SHARP DRESSED MAN. Someone had to help Billy out. Dusty and Frank didn't even like to rehearse much. Their studio absence wasn't really a problem though. The bass and drum parts were easily played with a synthesizer or Linn drum machine." (end quote)

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FROM THE BOOK: "SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP" BY DAVID BLAYNEY: "After his quantitative revelations, Linden informally but instantly became ZZ Top's rehearsal hall theoretician, producer, and engineer." (end quote)

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FROM THE BOOK: "ZZ TOP - BAD AND WORLDWIDE" (ROLLING STONE PRESS, BY DEBORAH FROST): "With the release of their ninth album, ELIMINATOR, in 1983, these hairy, unlikely rock heroes had become a pop phenomenon. This had something to do with the discoveries of a young preproduction engineer (Linden Hudson) whose contributions, like those of many associated with the band over the years, were never acknowledged."

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FROM THE BOOK: SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP (By DAVID BLAYNEY) : "The integral position Linden occupied in the process of building Eliminator was demonstrated eloquently in the case of song Under Pressure. Billy and Linden, the studio wizards, did the whole song all in one afternoon without either the bass player or drummer even knowing it had been written and recorded on a demo tape. Linden synthesized the bass and drums and helped write the lyrics; Billy did the guitars and vocals."

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FROM THE BOOK: "TRES HOMBRES - THE STORY OF ZZ TOP" BY DAVID SINCLAIR (Writer for the Times Of London): "Linden Hudson, the engineer/producer who lived at Beard's house (ZZ's drummer) had drawn their attention to the possibilities of the new recording technology and specifically to the charms of the straight drumming pattern, as used on a programmed drum machine. On ELIMINATOR ZZ Top unveiled a simple new musical combination that cracked open a vast worldwide market.

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FROM THE BOOK: "SHARP DRESS MEN - ZZ TOP" BY DAVID BLAYNEY: "ELIMINATOR went on to become a multi-platinum album, just as Linden had predicted when he and Billy were setting up the 124-beat tempos and arranging all the material. Rolling Stone eventually picked the album as number 39 out of the top 100 of the 80's. Linden Hudson in a fair world shoud have had his name all over ELIMINATOR and gotten the just compensation he deserved. Instead he got ostracized."

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FROM THE BOOK: SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP by DAVID BLAYNEY: "He (Linden) went back with the boys to 1970 when he was working as a radio disc jocky aliased Jack Smack. He was emcee for a show ZZ did around that time, and even sang an encore tune with the band, perhaps the only person ever to have that honor." (side note: this was ZZ Top's very first show).

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FROM THE BOOK: "SHARP DRESSED MEN - ZZ TOP" BY DAVID BLAYNEY: "Linden remained at Frank's (ZZ Top drummer) place as ZZ's live-in engineer throughout the whole period of ELIMINATOR rehearsals, and was like one of the family... as he (Linden) worked at the controls day after day, watching the album (ELIMINATOR) take shape, his hopes for a big step forward in his production career undoubtably soared. ELIMINATOR marked the first time that ZZ Top was able to rehearse an entire album with the recording studio gadgetry that Billy so loved. With Linden Hudson around all the time, it also was the first time the band could write, rehearse, and record with someone who knew the men and the machines. ZZ Top was free to go musically crazy, but also musically crazy like a fox. Linden made that possible too."

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FROM THE BOOK "ZZ TOP - BAD AND WORLDWIDE" (ROLLING STONE PRESS, BY DEBORAH FROST, WRITER FOR ROLLING STONE MAGAZINE): "... SHARP DRESSED MAN which employed Hudson's 120 beat-per-minute theory. The feel, the enthusiasm, the snappy beat and crisp clean sound propelled ELIMINATOR into the ears and hearts of 5 million people who previously could have cared less about the boogie band of RIO GRANDE MUD."

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THE GREATEST ROCK REBRAND OF ALL TIME (by Jason Miller): "Sound engineer Linden Hudson researched the tempos at which the most popular rock tracks in the charts had been recorded. His data showed that there was something very special about 120 beats to a minute. Gibbons decided to record pretty much the whole of ZZ Top’s new album at that tempo. The result? 1983’s Eliminator. It was named after Gibbons’ Ford Coupé; it had been created through a unique combination of creative collaboration and data mining. And it was about to take the world by storm."

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ULTIMATECLASSICROCK DOT COM: "This new melding of styles was encouraged by Hudson, who served as a kind of pre-producer for EL LOCO ... ... Hudson helped construct ZZ Top drummer Frank Beard's home studio, and had lived with him for a time. That led to these initial sessions, and then a closer collaboration on 1983's ELIMINATOR.

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FIREDOGLAKE DOT COM: "I like Billy Gibbons' guitar tone quite a lot, but I lost all respect for them after reading how badly they fucked over Linden Hudson (the guy who was the brains behind their move to include synthesizers and co-wrote most of their career-defining Eliminator record)."

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EMAIL FROM A ZZ TOP FAN TO LINDEN (One Of Many): "I write you today about broken hearts, one is mine and one is for you. I have been a ZZ Top fan since I was 6 years old. I purchased ELIMINATOR vinyl from Caldors in Connecticut with the $20 my grandma gave me for my birthday. I will spare the #1 fan epic saga of tee shirts, harassing Noreen at the fan club via phone weekly for years, over 40 shows attended. Posters, non stop conversation about the time I have spent idolizing this band, but more Billy G, as he has seemed to break free of the Lone Wolf shackles and it became more clear this was his baby. In baseball I was Don Mattingly's #1 fan, Hershel Walker in football, Billy Gibbons in music. What do these individuals have in common? They were role models. Not a DUI, not a spousal abuse, not a drug overdose, not a cheater. Until I read your web page. I read Blayney's book around 1992 or so, I was in middle school and I was familiar with your name for a long time. I didn't realize you suffered so greatly or that your involvement was so significant. It pains me to learn my idol not only cheated but did something so wrong to another being. I now know this is where tall tales and fun loving bullshit and poor morals and ethics are distinguished and where I would no longer consider myself to look up to Billy. I love to joke and I love credit but I have always prided myself on ethics and principles... I hold them dear. I wanted to say, the snippet of UNDER PRESSURE you played sounded very new wave and I may like it more than the finished product. Well that's all. You have reached ZZ Top's biggest fan and I can let others know. Bummer. Cheers and good luck. James."

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VINYLSTYLUS DOT COM: Much of Eliminator was recorded at 124bpm, the tempo that considered perfect for dance music by the band’s associate Linden Hudson. An aspiring songwriter, former DJ and – at the time – drummer Frank Beard’s house-sitter, Hudson’s involvement in the recording of the album would come back to haunt them. Despite assisting Gibbons with the pre-production and developing of the material that would end up on both El Loco and Eliminator, his contribution wasn’t credited when either record was released.

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INFOMORY DOT COM: ‘Eliminator’ is a studio album of the American rock band ZZ Top. It was released on March 23, 1983 and topped the charts worldwide. Its lyrics were co-written by the band’s sound engineer Linden Hudson while the band denied it.

higher and higher - is featured in CABA photobook by michele molinari

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CABA - Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires

Is it possible to synthesize the soul of a city through photographs of its buildings? The work of Michele Molinari heads in that direction, overlooking the Buenos Aires of historic monuments and focusing on the common dwellings that stud the skyline of the porteña city. They are boundary lines by day and by night, suburban intersections trying to spur on the vertical expansion of the city. Molinari’s interesting experiment is to go back to the same places after a period of time to crystalize the changes and witness the immanence of certain corners of the urban fabric. – Alessandro Trabucco

How emotional it is to admire Buenos Aires at dusk. The passers-by are hurrying along the sidewalks and distractedly look at the camera lens. With curious or perplexed glances. […] The essence of the obscurity is easier to enjoy in the quieter neighborhoods. […] The sense of calm even appears to reach the historic center in one of the few photos of monumental Buenos Aires included in the book. The circle closes. Every splintered scrap of the urban fabric is recomposed under the protective wing of the night. – Andrea Mauri

CABA - Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires is a photobook. Photographs and essay by Michele Molinari, more essays by Andrea Mauri and Alessandro Trabucco. [essays are in English, Spanish and Italian]

CABA comes in 2 printed editions by Blurb, Pocket Edition [7x7in, 18x18cm, 132 pages, Standard Photo paper, Flexible High-Gloss Laminated cover, 106 color photos] and Deluxe Edition [8x10in, 20x25cm, 134 pages, ProLine Pearl Photo paper, Hardcover with Dust Jacket, 107 color photos], and one Digital Edition by Apple iBooks that features 107 + 7 bonus color photos.

CABA won Bronze Award at TIFA2020 Book/Documentary

Find it here: michelemolinari.info/2020/07/25/caba/

Where cheese gets its microbes | Free educational graphic by Knowable Magazine Science Graphics Library

Illustration shows some common sources of the microbes in cheese.

The microbes that colonize cheese come from many places. Some are intentionally added to the milk, while others drift there from the environment and from the cheesemakers themselves. Details of temperature, salt, acidity and other variables determine which of the colonists survive and dominate as the cheese matures.

Read more in Knowable Magazine

How to make corn more like cactus

It’s an agricultural moonshot: Scientists hope to increase plant yields by hacking photosynthesis, the process that powers life on Earth

https://knowablemagazine.org/article/living-world/2022/how-to-make-corn-more-like-cactus

The photosynthesis fix

As world food needs rise, so does the need for faster, more efficient plant growth. Bypassing an error-prone enzyme is one way to do it.

https://knowablemagazine.org/article/food-environment/2017/photosynthesis-fix

Take a deeper dive: Selected scholarly reviews

Engineering of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

The CAM pathway of photosynthesis, which has evolved multiple times in plants in arid environments, is an attractive target of engineering as the climate shifts to warmer temperatures.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-104814

The Costs of Photorespiration to Food Production Now and in the Future

When the photosynthesis enzyme Rubisco grabs oxygen rather than carbon dioxide, it kicks off a process that costs the plant both carbon and energy. Various engineering strategies could reduce these costs and improve yields.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111709

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The Knowable Magazine Science Graphics Library is an initiative to create freely available, accurate and engaging graphics for teachers and students. All graphics are curated from Knowable Magazine articles and are free for classroom use.

Knowable Magazine is an editorially independent initiative produced by Annual Reviews, a nonprofit publisher dedicated to synthesizing and integrating knowledge for the progress of science and the benefit of society.

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Corals encrusting the Devil's Point Hardground (Cockburn Town Member, Grotto Beach Formation, Upper Pleistocene, ~120-123 ka; Cockburn Town Fossil Reef, San Salvador Island, Bahamas) 2 by James St. John

In-situ fossil scleractinian coral colonies on the Devil's Point Hardground in the reef facies of the Cockburn Town Member, upper Grotto Beach Formation at the Cockburn Town Fossil Reef, western margin of San Salvador Island.

The Cockburn Town Fossil Reef is a well-preserved, well-exposed Pleistocene fossil reef. It consists of non-bedded to poorly-bedded, poorly-sorted, very coarse-grained, aragonitic fossiliferous limestones (grainstones and rubblestones), representing shallow marine deposition in reef and peri-reef facies. Cockburn Town Member reef facies rocks date to the MIS 5e sea level highstand event (early Late Pleistocene).

The fossil corals shown above are encrusting an irregular surface. This surface is an unconformity and is traceable throughout the outcrop. It represents a limestone hardground surface that formed during a short-lived, mid-5e regression called the Devil's Point Event, dated to somewhere between 120 and 123 ka. After the event, high sea level returned. These corals were some of the earliest inhabitants of this locality’s shallow seafloor after the mid-5e regression. The Devil's Point Unconformity is present on most Bahamian islands and is traceable to Florida and Mexico. The more deeply flooded carbonate platforms in the Bahamas, such as Mayaguana Island, were not significantly affected by the mid-5e regression.

The rocks and fossils below the unconformity are referred to as "Reef 1". The rocks and fossils above are called "Reef 2". Isotopic dating has been done on 122 coral samples from the Cockburn Town Fossil Reef. The oldest is 127 ka and the youngest is 114.3 ka. Including dates from San Salvador Island to Great Inagua Island, Reef 1 has an average age of 123.5 ka, and Reef 2 has an average age of 119.5 ka.