View allAll Photos Tagged statistical
Statistical analysis is fundamental to all experiments that use statistics as a research methodology. Most experiments in social sciences and many important experiments in natural science and engineering need statistical analysis. Statistical analysis is also a very useful tool to get approximate solutions when the actual process is highly complex or unknown in its true form.
In downtown Wellsburg, West Virginia, on July 8th, 2020, the Ohio River as viewed from the west side of Main Street, north of 5th Street, at the site of the Wellsburg Wharf. The roadcut is along Ohio State Route 7 in Wells Township, Ohio.
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Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names terms:
• Brooke (county) (1002205)
• Jefferson (county) (1002519)
• Ohio River (7014265)
• Wellsburg (2120402)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus terms:
• Acanthaceae (family) (300375555)
• boundaries (300055590)
• cuts (earthworks) (300008021)
• riverine landscapes (300435110)
• rivers (300008707)
• summer (season) (300133099)
Wikidata items:
• 8 July 2020 (Q57396808)
• Allegheny Plateau (Q654947)
• Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests (Q4780886)
• Appalachian Plateau (Q620627)
• July 8 (Q2692)
• July 2020 (Q55281154)
• Justicia americana (Q586923)
• Monongahela Transition Zone (Q87752244)
• Northern Panhandle (Q1750731)
• Ohio State Route 7 (Q1162778)
• Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV Combined Statistical Area (Q55641455)
• state line (Q81716560)
• Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Q246501)
• Treaty of Greenville (Q767317)
• Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau (Q7884502)
• Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area (Q7980367)
• Wells Township (Q7981715)
• Wellsburg Wharf (Q7981743)
• Western Allegheny Plateau (Q17148740)
Library of Congress Subject Headings:
• Freshwater plants (sh85051946)
• Rivers—Ohio (sh85114372)
• Rivers—West Virginia (sh85114423)
Probability help in statistical analysis Friends, mathematics is a very vast subject which plays an important role in our daily work starting from buying goods to cooking. It is like playing game, which requires a lot of practice and hard work to succeed and become best in it. Similarly Probability is also a very important topic which plays an important role not just in maths but also in different areas of study like Physics, Chemistry, statistical analysis etc. Starting from tossing a coin to the population calculation probability plays a major role.
Big Questions for Artificial General Intelligence
3. Must an AGI wholly learn language, or can linguistic resources, statistical NLP, and Commonsense KB’s help?
From the opening session: Review of AI and AGI Past Present and Future by Ben Goertzel of Novamente at the The First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08) Ben Goertzel was one of the conference organizers and is a driving force in the AGI community.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) research focuses on the original and ultimate goal of AI -- to create intelligence as a whole, by exploring all available paths, including theoretical and experimental computer science, cognitive science, neuroscience, and innovative interdisciplinary methodologies. AGI is also called Strong AI in the AI community.
Another good reference is Artificial General Intelligence : A Gentle Introduction by Pei Wang
I030108 553
The presentation will highlight the main findings of the SDN and answer the following questions: What does “Big Data” mean and why is there so much hype about it? What are the potential and challenges that come with Big Data and their statistical implications? What role is there to play for institutions like the IMF? Where do we go from here? IMF Photo by Cliff Owen.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston
Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States. The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to 4,941,632 people as of 2020, ranking as the eleventh-largest MSA in the country. A broader combined statistical area (CSA), generally corresponding to the commuting area and including Worcester, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island, is home to approximately 8.2 million people, making it the seventh-most populous in the United States.
Boston is one of the nation's oldest municipalities, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name. During the American Revolution and the nation's founding, Boston was the location of several key events, including the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the hanging of Paul Revere's lantern signal in Old North Church, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the siege of Boston. Following American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to play an important role as a port, manufacturing hub, and center for American education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), the first public school (Boston Latin School, 1635), the first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897), and the first large public library (Boston Public Library, 1848).
In the 21st century, Boston has emerged as a global leader in higher education and academic research. Greater Boston's many colleges and universities include Harvard University and MIT, both located in suburban Cambridge and both routinely included among the world's most highly ranked universities. The city is also a national leader in scientific research, law, medicine, engineering, and business. With nearly 5,000 startup companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Boston businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and new investment.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenway_Park
Fenway Park is a ballpark located in Boston, Massachusetts, less than one mile from Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home field of Major League Baseball's (MLB) Boston Red Sox. While the stadium was built in 1912, it was substantially rebuilt in 1934, and underwent major renovations and modifications in the 21st century. It is the oldest active ballpark in MLB. Because of its age and constrained location in Boston's dense Fenway–Kenmore neighborhood, the park has many quirky features, including "The Triangle", Pesky's Pole, and the Green Monster in left field. It is the fifth-smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second-smallest by total capacity, and one of nine that cannot accommodate at least 40,000 spectators.
Fenway has hosted the World Series eleven times, with the Red Sox winning six of them and the Boston Braves winning one. Besides baseball games, it has also been the site of many other sporting and cultural events including professional football games for the Boston Redskins, Boston Yanks, and the Boston Patriots; concerts; soccer and hockey games (such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic); and political and religious campaigns.
On March 7, 2012 (Fenway's centennial year), the park was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is a landmark at the end of the Boston Irish heritage trail. Former pitcher Bill Lee has called Fenway Park "a shrine". It is a pending Boston Landmark, which will regulate any further changes to the park. The ballpark is considered to be one of the most well-known sports venues in the world and a symbol of Boston.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox
The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East Division. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the team's home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The "Red Sox" name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, c.1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the "Boston Red Stockings", including the Boston Braves (now the Atlanta Braves). The team has won nine World Series championships, tied for the third-most of any MLB team, and has played in thirteen World Series. Their most recent World Series appearance and win was in 2018. In addition, they won the 1904 American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series.
The Red Sox were a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. However, they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history, dubbed the "Curse of the Bambino" after its alleged inception due to the Red Sox' sale of star player Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their World Series championship in 1918. The Sox endured an 86-year wait before the team's sixth World Series championship in 2004. The team's history during that period was punctuated with some of the most memorable moments in World Series history, including Enos Slaughter's "mad dash" in 1946, the "Impossible Dream" of 1967, Carlton Fisk's home run in 1975, and Bill Buckner's error in 1986. Following their victory in the 2018 World Series, they became the first team to win four World Series trophies in the 21st century, with championships in 2004, 2007, 2013 and 2018. The team's history has also been marked by its intense rivalry with the New York Yankees, arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports.
The Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which also owns Liverpool of the Premier League in England, the National Hockey League's Pittsburgh Penguins and partially owns RFK Racing of the NASCAR Cup Series. They are consistently one of the top MLB teams in average road attendance, while the small capacity of Fenway Park prevents them from leading in overall attendance. From May 15, 2003, to April 10, 2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games (794 regular season) for a major professional sports record. Both Neil Diamond's "Sweet Caroline" and the Standells' "Dirty Water" have become anthems for the Red Sox.
As of the end of the 2024 season, the franchise's all-time regular-season record is 9,955–9,263–83 (.518).
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(Massachusetts) "ماساتشوستس" "麻萨诸塞州" "मैसाचुसेट्स" "マサチューセッツ" "매사추세츠 주" "Массачусетс"
(Boston) "بوسطن" "波士顿" "बोस्टन" "ボストン" "보스턴" "Бостон"
I heard the statistic that apparently about 50% of the area of cities are roads. That's a lot of space!
It made me think of Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
"Bypasses are devices that allow some people to dash from point A to point B very fast while other people dash from point B to point A very fast. People living at point C, being a point directly in between, are often given to wonder what's so great about point A that so many people from point B are so keen to get there and what's so great about point B that so many people from point A are so keen to get there. They often wish that people would just once and for all work out where the hell they wanted to be."
These are some of the things that help us move around since we can't work out where the hell we want to be.
Lakeside town of Aspern
Aspern Urban Lakeside (urban development project)
Logo of Aspern - Vienna's Urban Lakeside
Aspern Urban Lakeside (Vienna)
Red pog.svg
Basic Information
Bundesland (Federal state) Wien (W)
Judicial district of Donau City
District of Vienna 22. District: Donau City (KG Aspern)
♁ coordinates 48 ° 13 '33 "N, 16 ° 30' 13" O coordinates: 48 ° 13 '33 "N, 16 ° 30' 13" E | |
Height of 157 m above sea level.
Statistical identification
Image
View from the north to the urban development area Aspern Urban Lakeside, 2012
Source: STAT: Gazetteer; BEV: GEONAM; ViennaGIS
The Aspern Urban Lakeside (officially also Aspern Urban Lakeside, project name: Aspern - Vienna's Urban Lakeside) is a part of town under construction in the 22nd district of Vienna Danube city and one of the largest urban development projects in Europe of the 2010s. Over a period of around 20 years a new district should arise, in which over 20,000 people are supposed to work and to live. The first of three development stages focuses until around 2017 to the south of the part of the city.
Location
Aspern Urban Lakeside with lake, 2012
The planned seaside town is located about 7 kilometers east of the city center, on the other bank of the Danube, already on the verge of March field (gravel and stone plain in Lower Austria bordering Vienna).
The area is bounded as follows:
In the north of the Marchegger Eastern Railway, forming since 1870 the (currently operated hourly) connection between Vienna and Bratislava and long has been used by the legendary Orient Express. The here layed out traffic station Vienna Aspern Nord offers since October 2013 U-Bahn (U2) underground traffic to the center of Vienna and from 2017 S-Bahn ÖBB (line S80) suburban traffic to Vienna's main train station as well as regional trains.
To the east beyond the Josefine Hawelka pathway or the Cassinonestraße adjoin settlements of the since 1938 belonging to Vienna outskirts village of Essling.
In the south adjoins to the site an extensive factory premises of General Motors Austria, which lies at the Groß-Enzersdorfer Road (bus number 26A), connecting Aspern and Essling.
In the West adjoins beyond the Johann Kutschera alley the belonging to Aspern suburban settlement to the area.
Positions of neighboring districts:
Hirschstetten, Breitenlee, Lackenjöchl
Neuessling
Outskirts settlement, neighboring communities, Essling, Aspern
History
The area northeast of the historic village of Aspern in March field was named after a man-made lake in the center of the development area.
On the former airfield Aspern, Vienna's airport during the interwar period, by the year 2028 around 240 hectares should be developed. This corresponds to the area of 7th and 8th district of Vienna. Planned are around 10,500 homes for 20,000 people and business premises for 15,000 office jobs as well as 5,000 jobs in industry, science, research and education.
For the development and utilization responsible is the Wien 3420 Aspern Development AG, a real estate development company which in December 2004 as a subsidiary company of the Vienna Business Agency, a fund of the City of Vienna (73.6%) and the (Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) Federal Property Association (26.4%) was established. The planning is done in consultation with the relevant municipal departments of the city administration and the Wiener Linien, the public transport company of the city of Vienna.
The former airfield Aspern in 2007; top left of the factory Opel Vienna
The first finished house in the seaside town, the aspern IQ, 2012
Construction phase of the first tranche of homes in the southwestern part of the seaside town's area (October 2013)
Construction of the first tranche (June 2014)
Urban Planning
The urban concept of the maritime city is focused on the mixing of functions - there should be no purely residential use or commercial use. In this way, a dormitory town should be avoided and during the day non-stop revival obtained. The master plan for the seaside town was created by Swedish architect John Tovatt and adopted unanimously by the Vienna City Council on 25 May 2007. Essential contents are the functional arrangement of uses and the spatial configuration of both small and large urban gestures to an urban master plan.
Public space
The geographic center of the seaside town will form a 5-acre lake, which already largely exists, in a total of 9 hectare park. The lake is fed from groundwater. The public space - thus streets, squares and parks - occupies 50 percent of the total area of urban development.
In order to make the public space for the people who will live and work in the seaside town attractive, the Danish open space planners Gehl Architects by the Wien 3420 AG and the Municipal Department 19 (architecture) with the creation of a planning manual for public space (a "score of the public space") were commissioned. The planning manual is based on the idea that public life is a precious commodity that needs to focus it. Therefore Gehl Architects particularly important axes have worked out in the seaside town. The Circular road as a major route that has received the name Sun alley, the Red chord (shopping street, culture), the Blue string (sea park and promenade) and the Green string (green spaces, recreational areas). By 2015, three parks are built, the central Marine park, the Yella-Hertzka park and Hannah Arendt park, along with 8 hectares (May 26 2014 ground-breaking ceremony).
Development phases
The construction of the seaside town of Aspern is to take place until 2028 in three stages:
Stage 1 (2009-2017): The development company Wien 3420 Aspern Development AG builds the green spaces and the technical infrastructure (roads, sewage, etc.) and thus provides the impetus for the development of the maritime city. In the first large-scale expansion in the southwestern part of the maritime city arises a mixed quarter with approximately 2,600 residential units, offices, business and service companies as well as research and development facilities. The large volume is to ensure local supply and the desired mix of uses from the start. In October 2013, the metro stations Aspern North at the northern edge of the area and Seaside town as terminus of line U2 in the south have been opened. In this stage also falls the establishment of a R & D Park (research and development). As first impulse project there emerges an Innovation Quarter (Technology Centre), for which a realization competition was launched. With the IQ aspern by 2012 a first settlement core was created.
Stage 2 (2017-2022): The Station Aspern North and the connection through a powerful city street to the A 23 motorway and the branch S 1 are completed. Other residential and mixed districts and the train station and office quarters arise.
Stage 3 (from 2022): To the train station, the shopping street and the subway route adjacent areas are further compressed, the mix of uses is further improved.
Cultural and Medial
Lighted cranes art action Kranensee, 2014
On February 15, 2014 was held on the construction site of the seaside town of Aspern the art action Kranensee - a ballet of cranes. Some of the then 42 tower swivel cranes and a concrete pump have been fitted with differently colored lights, which to specially composed orchestral music shone, 15 cranes were occupied by crane operators, who approriate for the music turned the booms.
Vintage Canon Palmtronic F-71 scientific/ statistical calculator with blue VFD display. From the late 1970's.
The Non-Statistical Man, by Raymond F. Jones, 1964, Belmont Productions, Inc. (B50-820). Cover art by Ralph Brillhart is uncredited.
The presentation will highlight the main findings of the SDN and answer the following questions: What does “Big Data” mean and why is there so much hype about it? What are the potential and challenges that come with Big Data and their statistical implications? What role is there to play for institutions like the IMF? Where do we go from here? IMF Photo by Cliff Owen.
Lakeside town of Aspern
Aspern Urban Lakeside (urban development project)
Logo of Aspern - Vienna's Urban Lakeside
Aspern Urban Lakeside (Vienna)
Red pog.svg
Basic Information
Bundesland (Federal state) Wien (W)
Judicial district of Donau City
District of Vienna 22. District: Donau City (KG Aspern)
♁ coordinates 48 ° 13 '33 "N, 16 ° 30' 13" O coordinates: 48 ° 13 '33 "N, 16 ° 30' 13" E | |
Height of 157 m above sea level.
Statistical identification
Image
View from the north to the urban development area Aspern Urban Lakeside, 2012
Source: STAT: Gazetteer; BEV: GEONAM; ViennaGIS
The Aspern Urban Lakeside (officially also Aspern Urban Lakeside, project name: Aspern - Vienna's Urban Lakeside) is a part of town under construction in the 22nd district of Vienna Danube city and one of the largest urban development projects in Europe of the 2010s. Over a period of around 20 years a new district should arise, in which over 20,000 people are supposed to work and to live. The first of three development stages focuses until around 2017 to the south of the part of the city.
Location
Aspern Urban Lakeside with lake, 2012
The planned seaside town is located about 7 kilometers east of the city center, on the other bank of the Danube, already on the verge of March field (gravel and stone plain in Lower Austria bordering Vienna).
The area is bounded as follows:
In the north of the Marchegger Eastern Railway, forming since 1870 the (currently operated hourly) connection between Vienna and Bratislava and long has been used by the legendary Orient Express. The here layed out traffic station Vienna Aspern Nord offers since October 2013 U-Bahn (U2) underground traffic to the center of Vienna and from 2017 S-Bahn ÖBB (line S80) suburban traffic to Vienna's main train station as well as regional trains.
To the east beyond the Josefine Hawelka pathway or the Cassinonestraße adjoin settlements of the since 1938 belonging to Vienna outskirts village of Essling.
In the south adjoins to the site an extensive factory premises of General Motors Austria, which lies at the Groß-Enzersdorfer Road (bus number 26A), connecting Aspern and Essling.
In the West adjoins beyond the Johann Kutschera alley the belonging to Aspern suburban settlement to the area.
Positions of neighboring districts:
Hirschstetten, Breitenlee, Lackenjöchl
Neuessling
Outskirts settlement, neighboring communities, Essling, Aspern
History
The area northeast of the historic village of Aspern in March field was named after a man-made lake in the center of the development area.
On the former airfield Aspern, Vienna's airport during the interwar period, by the year 2028 around 240 hectares should be developed. This corresponds to the area of 7th and 8th district of Vienna. Planned are around 10,500 homes for 20,000 people and business premises for 15,000 office jobs as well as 5,000 jobs in industry, science, research and education.
For the development and utilization responsible is the Wien 3420 Aspern Development AG, a real estate development company which in December 2004 as a subsidiary company of the Vienna Business Agency, a fund of the City of Vienna (73.6%) and the (Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) Federal Property Association (26.4%) was established. The planning is done in consultation with the relevant municipal departments of the city administration and the Wiener Linien, the public transport company of the city of Vienna.
The former airfield Aspern in 2007; top left of the factory Opel Vienna
The first finished house in the seaside town, the aspern IQ, 2012
Construction phase of the first tranche of homes in the southwestern part of the seaside town's area (October 2013)
Construction of the first tranche (June 2014)
Urban Planning
The urban concept of the maritime city is focused on the mixing of functions - there should be no purely residential use or commercial use. In this way, a dormitory town should be avoided and during the day non-stop revival obtained. The master plan for the seaside town was created by Swedish architect John Tovatt and adopted unanimously by the Vienna City Council on 25 May 2007. Essential contents are the functional arrangement of uses and the spatial configuration of both small and large urban gestures to an urban master plan.
Public space
The geographic center of the seaside town will form a 5-acre lake, which already largely exists, in a total of 9 hectare park. The lake is fed from groundwater. The public space - thus streets, squares and parks - occupies 50 percent of the total area of urban development.
In order to make the public space for the people who will live and work in the seaside town attractive, the Danish open space planners Gehl Architects by the Wien 3420 AG and the Municipal Department 19 (architecture) with the creation of a planning manual for public space (a "score of the public space") were commissioned. The planning manual is based on the idea that public life is a precious commodity that needs to focus it. Therefore Gehl Architects particularly important axes have worked out in the seaside town. The Circular road as a major route that has received the name Sun alley, the Red chord (shopping street, culture), the Blue string (sea park and promenade) and the Green string (green spaces, recreational areas). By 2015, three parks are built, the central Marine park, the Yella-Hertzka park and Hannah Arendt park, along with 8 hectares (May 26 2014 ground-breaking ceremony).
Development phases
The construction of the seaside town of Aspern is to take place until 2028 in three stages:
Stage 1 (2009-2017): The development company Wien 3420 Aspern Development AG builds the green spaces and the technical infrastructure (roads, sewage, etc.) and thus provides the impetus for the development of the maritime city. In the first large-scale expansion in the southwestern part of the maritime city arises a mixed quarter with approximately 2,600 residential units, offices, business and service companies as well as research and development facilities. The large volume is to ensure local supply and the desired mix of uses from the start. In October 2013, the metro stations Aspern North at the northern edge of the area and Seaside town as terminus of line U2 in the south have been opened. In this stage also falls the establishment of a R & D Park (research and development). As first impulse project there emerges an Innovation Quarter (Technology Centre), for which a realization competition was launched. With the IQ aspern by 2012 a first settlement core was created.
Stage 2 (2017-2022): The Station Aspern North and the connection through a powerful city street to the A 23 motorway and the branch S 1 are completed. Other residential and mixed districts and the train station and office quarters arise.
Stage 3 (from 2022): To the train station, the shopping street and the subway route adjacent areas are further compressed, the mix of uses is further improved.
Cultural and Medial
Lighted cranes art action Kranensee, 2014
On February 15, 2014 was held on the construction site of the seaside town of Aspern the art action Kranensee - a ballet of cranes. Some of the then 42 tower swivel cranes and a concrete pump have been fitted with differently colored lights, which to specially composed orchestral music shone, 15 cranes were occupied by crane operators, who approriate for the music turned the booms.
"Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond Region. Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871. At the 2010 census, the city's population was 204,214; in 2020, the population had grown to 226,610, making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia. The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.
Richmond is at the fall line of the James River, 44 mi (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 mi (106 km) east of Charlottesville, 91 mi (146 km) east of Lynchburg and 92 mi (148 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 and encircled by Interstate 295, Virginia State Route 150 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.
The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty, or give me death!" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy. It entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a traditional hub of African-American commerce and culture.
Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms in the downtown area. The city is home to both a U.S. Court of Appeals, one of 13 such courts, and a Federal Reserve Bank, one of 12 such banks. There are several Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the city including: Dominion Energy, WestRock, Performance Food Group, CarMax, ARKO, and Altria with others, such as Markel, in the metropolitan area.
The city continues to struggle with exceptionally high rates of murder and violent crime, making it one of the most dangerous cities in the United States." - info from Wikipedia.
The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.
Now on Instagram.
Elko is the largest city and county seat of Elko County, Nevada, United States. The population was 18,297 at the 2010 census. The city straddles the Humboldt River.
Elko is the principal city of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area, a micropolitan area that covers Elko and Eureka counties and had a combined population of 48,594 at the 2010 census. It is the largest city for over 130 miles (210 km) in all directions, making it, as its city motto states, "The Heart of Northeast Nevada".
It is home to Great Basin College, as well as to the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office serving most of northern and central Nevada.
Though Elko lies along the route of the historic California Trail, it was first inhabited only in 1868, when it was at the east end of the railroad tracks built by Central Pacific Railroad (the portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad built from California to Utah). When the railroad crews moved on, Elko remained, serving as a center for ranching, mining, rail freight and general supplies.
The 1910 replacement for the original courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The U.S. Post Office-Elko Main, built in 1933, is also listed.
Elko's economy is based heavily on gold mining, with ranching and tourism providing additional jobs. The city is considered the capital of Nevada's goldbelt. The state of Nevada produces more gold than all but four countries, most of which is mined near Elko. This has caused the town to have a boom and bust economy consistent with the rises and declines in the price of gold. The town is surrounded by hundreds of abandoned mining camps, and viewing them is a popular local activity. A gold boom in the 1980s that ended in a bust in the late 1990s left the town with large numbers of abandoned homes and left the local governments struggling to survive on reduced tax revenues. With a new gold boom starting in 2009, city officials have been reluctant to hire new employees and have decided to build a reserve in the city budget to prepare for the next bust.
Elko has struggled to bring in other industries, mostly because of its isolation, and the surrounding harsh desert environment.
Elko is also the home of the annual National Cowboy Poetry Gathering, and has been for the last 27 years. This festival is held each January and is a week-long celebration of life in the rural West, features poetry, music, stories, gear, film, photography, and food.
Every July, since 1963, Elko is host to the National Basque Festival. in 2013 they will be celebrating their 50th Anniversary.
Elko is the home to the Western Folklife Center, which is regional nonprofit organization that works to expand understanding of the everyday traditions of people who live and work in the American West. The Western Folklife Center is located Downtown in the old Pioneer hotel.
Notable attractions in the Elko region include the Ruby Mountains, within which is located the popular Lamoille Canyon. To the north, the Jarbidge Wilderness is among the least visited and cleanest wilderness areas in the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elko,_Nevada
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Springville is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States that is part of the Provo-Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 31,464 in 2014, according to the United States Census. Springville is a bedroom community for commuters who work in the Provo-Orem and Salt Lake City metropolitan areas. Other neighboring cities include Spanish Fork and Mapleton. Springville has the nickname of "Art City" or "Hobble Creek".
Springville was first explored in 1776 by Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, a Franciscan padre. What became Springville lay along the wagon route called the Mormon Road that Mormon pioneers and 49ers traveled through southern Utah, northern Arizona, southern Nevada and Southern California. From 1855, each winter trains of freight wagons traveled on this road across the deserts between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City until the late 1860s when the railroad arrived in Utah. Springville was settled in 1850 by eight pioneer families who crossed the plains to Salt Lake Valley from the East and were directed by Brigham Young to settle 50 miles (80 km) further south.
Incorporated in February 1853, the pioneers called the city Hobble Creek because their horses were often hobbled (by loosely tying their front feet together) and left along the stream to graze in the lush grass. If the horses wandered into the creek, the hobbles came off in the water. As the town grew, the name was changed to Springville, after the Fort Springville. Fort Springville was named after the many freshwater springs in the area, particularly near the fort. The original name was not completely lost, however, as the canyon stream (and associated canyons), a local elementary school, and city-owned golf course have retained the name Hobble Creek.
Springville is known as "Art City" due to its strong development of the arts. Springville is home to the Springville Museum of Art, Utah's oldest museum for the visual fine arts (circa 1937). The museum, housed in a historic Spanish Colonial Revival-style building, showcases collections of many well-known artists, both local and national, including collections of Utah art, a major Soviet collection, early Americana, and the European Steed collection. Springville is the birthplace of noted sculptor Cyrus Dallin. The main street is dotted with bronze statues, including several from local sculptors Gary Price and Jeff Decker.
Springville is a thriving community which has experienced steady growth over the past ten years. The current population is projected to grow to more than 50,000 over the next ten years, in line with the expected future expansion of its commercial, office, retail, and industrial sectors along the city's I-15 corridor.
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Schweiz / Wallis - Zermatt
seen on the way from Riffelsee to Riffelalp
gesehen auf dem Weg vom Riffelsee zur Riffelalp
Zermatt (German pronunciation: [t͡sɛʁˈmat]) is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a year-round population of about 5,800 and is classified as a town by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO).
It lies at the upper end of Mattertal at an elevation of 1,620 m (5,310 ft), at the foot of Switzerland's highest peaks. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the over 3,292 m (10,801 ft) high Theodul Pass bordering Italy. Zermatt is the southernmost commune of the German Sprachraum.
Zermatt is famed as a mountaineering and ski resort of the Swiss Alps. Until the mid-19th century, it was predominantly an agricultural community; the first and tragic ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 was followed by a rush on the mountains surrounding the village, leading to the construction of many tourist facilities. The year-round population (as of December 2020) is 5,820, though there may be several times as many tourists in Zermatt at any one time. Much of the local economy is based on tourism, with about half of the jobs in town in hotels or restaurants and just under half of all apartments are vacation apartments. Just over one-third of the permanent population was born in the town, while another third moved to Zermatt from outside Switzerland.
Etymology
The name of Zermatt, as well as that of the Matterhorn itself, derives from the alpine meadows, or matten (in German), in the valley. The name appeared first as Zur Matte ("at the meadow") and became later Zermatt. It does not appear until 1495 on a map or 1546 in a text, but may have been employed long before.
Praborno or Prato Borno (Prato also means meadow) are the older names of Zermatt; they appear in the ancient maps as early as the thirteenth century.The Romand-speaking people from the Aosta Valley and from the Romand-speaking part of canton Wallis (Valais) used this name until about 1860 in the form of Praborne, or Praborgne. The reason of this change from Praborno to Zermatt is attributed to the gradual replacement of the Romance-speaking people by German-speaking colony.
The town of Zermatt lies at the southern end of the Matter Valley (German: Mattertal), which is one of the lateral branches of the grand Valley of the Rhône. Zermatt is almost completely surrounded by the high mountains of the Pennine Alps including Monte Rosa (specifically its tallest peak, named Dufourspitze), Switzerland's highest peak at 4,634 metres (15,203 ft) above sea level. It is followed by the Dom (4,545 m [14,911 ft]), Liskamm (4,527 m [14,852 ft]), Weisshorn (4,505 m [14,780 ft]) and the Matterhorn (4,478 m [14,692 ft]). Most of the Alpine four-thousanders are located around Zermatt or in the neighbouring valleys.
Zermatt is traversed by the main river of the valley: the Matter Vispa, which rises at the glaciers at the feet of the highest peaks: the Gorner Glacier on the east side near Monte Rosa and the Zmutt Glacier on the west side between Dent d'Hérens and Dent Blanche.
The town of Zermatt, while dense, is geographically small. There are three main streets which run along the banks of the Matter Vispa, and numerous cross-streets, especially around the station and the church which forms the centre of Zermatt. In general anything is at most a thirty-minute walk away. There are several "suburbs" within Zermatt. Winkelmatten/Moos, which was once a separate hamlet, lies on a hill (1,670 m [5,480 ft]) on the southern side. Steinmatten is located on the eastern bank of the main river.
Many hamlets are located in the valleys above Zermatt, however they are not usually inhabited all year round. Zum See (1,766 m [5,794 ft]) lies south of Zermatt on the west bank of the Gorner gorge, near Furi where a cable car station is located (1,867 m [6,125 ft]). On the side of Zmutt valley (west of Zermatt) lies the hamlet of Zmutt (1,936 m [6,352 ft]), north of the creek Zmuttbach. Findeln (2,051 m [6,729 ft]) is located in the eastern valley above the creek Findelbach. It lies below the Sunnegga station (2,278 m [7,474 ft]). Located near a train station of the Gornergratbahn, Riffelalp (2,222 m [7,290 ft]) is one of the highest hamlets with a chapel.
Zermatt had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 242.91 km2 (93.79 sq mi). Of this area, about 9.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 85.2% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 54 ha (130 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 160 ha (400 acres).
Climate
Zermatt has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc). Summertime is cool in Zermatt, with mild days and cool nights, while winter is cold and snowy, with highs around freezing and annual snowfall averaging 128 inches (325 cm).
Tourism
The village was "discovered" by mid-nineteenth-century British mountaineers, most notably Edward Whymper, whose summit of the Matterhorn made the village famous. The Matterhorn was one of the last alpine mountains to be summitted (in 1865), and the first expedition that reached the top ended dramatically with only 3 of the 7 climbers surviving the descent. The story is related in the Matterhorn Museum.
Zermatt is a starting point for hikes into the mountains, including the Haute Route that leads to Chamonix in France and the Patrouille des Glaciers. Cable cars and chair lifts carry skiers in the winter and hikers in the summer; the highest of them leads to the Klein Matterhorn at 3,883 m (12,740 ft), a peak on the ridge between Breithorn and Matterhorn that offers extensive views in all directions. It is possible to cross into Italy via the Cervinia cable car station. A rack railway line (the Gornergratbahn, the highest open-air railway in Europe) runs up to the summit of the Gornergrat at 3,089 m (10,135 ft). Zermatt is also the western terminus for the Glacier Express rail service connecting to St. Moritz and the MGB (Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn). Together with eleven other towns Zermatt is a member of the community Best of the Alps.
Transport
To prevent air pollution that could obscure the town's view of the Matterhorn, the entire town is a combustion-engine car-free zone. Almost all vehicles in Zermatt are battery driven and almost completely silent. Electric vehicles are allowed for local commerces. The Cantonal police can issue a permit which allows residents to drive and park at the northern outskirts and for the permission to bring combustion-engine vehicles in to the town such as construction vehicles. Emergency and municipal vehicles, (fire trucks, ambulances, police etc.) generally use combustion engines, although even some of these are non-combustion (garbage trucks, etc.).
Passenger vehicles operating within Zermatt include tiny electric shuttles provided by hotels to carry visitors from the main train station (or the taxi transfer point just outside town) to the hotel properties, "electro" taxis operated by four major Zermatt families, and "electro" buses, which serve two routes: one between the major hotel areas and the stations of the various ski-lifts, and the other following a similar route but also serving the more rural "suburb" of Winkelmatten. Horse-drawn carriages can also be found; some are operated by hotels and others are available for hire.
Most visitors reach Zermatt by the rack-assisted railway train from the nearby town of Täsch (Zermatt shuttle). Trains also depart for Zermatt from farther down the valley at Visp and Brig, which are on the main Swiss rail network. The town also has a heliport (ICAO: LSEZ) and a local helicopter operator, Air Zermatt, which also provides alpine rescue services.
In 2007, a project group was formed to evaluate options for development of the local transportation network (as the "electro" buses do not have enough capacity). The results of this study are published in the December 2007 edition of Zermatt Inside. The six options explored are a coaster, a funicular, a metro, moving sidewalks, a gondola and more "electro" buses.
In 2019 work started to improve access on the Kirchbrücke – one of the most popular places to photograph the Matterhorn. The viewing area will be widened to keep tourists off the road and away from electric vehicles. The project should be complete by autumn 2019.
Skiing in Zermatt
Zermatt is known throughout the world for its skiing, especially Triftji for its moguls. The high altitude results in consistent skiing continuously throughout the summer.
Skiing in Zermatt is split up into four areas: Sunnegga, Gornergrat, Klein Matterhorn and Schwarzsee. There is also a connection to Cervinia and Valtournenche in Italy through the Plateau Rosa glacier.
In 2008, Zermatt hosted an "Infinity Downhill Race". The race took place on 13 and 14 December and comprised a course descending from the Matterhorn Glacier Paradise (3,800 m (12,500 ft)) and finished in Zermatt itself (1,600 m (5,200 ft)). The course was 20 kilometres (12 miles) long and featured a 2,200 metres (7,218 feet) descent.
Sunnegga
The Sunnegga Paradise is accessed via the SunneggaExpress funicular railway, followed by a gondola to Blauherd and finally a cable car onwards to the Rothorn (3,103 m) above. The topography of the mountain and the valley tends to keep the Rothorn clear and sunny, even when Zermatt is submerged in cloud.
From Blauherd there is a gondola down to Gant, and from there a connecting cablecar goes to Hohtälli. This cable car and the newer 4-seat chairlift Sunnegga-Findeln-Breitboden provide connections between Sunnegga and Gornergrat. With few steep slopes, this mountain is often used to train younger skiers.
Gornergrat
The Gornergrat is served by the Gornergrat railway, a 29-minute ride to the Gornergrat peak (3,089 m), via Riffelalp, Rotenboden and Riffelberg, (with limited stops at Findelbach and Landtunnel just above Zermatt). At the summit, the hotel and restaurant have been refurbished and accommodate a shopping centre. Riffelalp station is linked to Riffelalp Resort by a short tramway line named Riffelalptram.
A cable car heads up from Hohtälli to the Rote Nase (3,247 m). This final lift serves a freeride area but can be unreliable as this mountainside requires good snow cover to be skiable. The lifts in this area generally open for the season in late February or early March – cablecar is now permanently closed, with no replacement lift planned. A new slope leading back from Hohtälli to Kellensee just under the Gornergrat replaced this lift to maintain the link from the Rothorn to Gornergrat.
Klein Matterhorn / Schwarzsee
Near the southern end of Zermatt, the Matterhorn Express gondola transports passengers up to the interchange station at Furi. From here there is access to Schwarzsee via a gondola to the right, a cable car that leads on to the Trockener Steg midstation (and then on to the Klein Matterhorn); and a new gondola, opened on 18 December 2006, links Furi to Riffelberg on the Gornergrat mountain. This lift addresses one of the most persistent criticisms of Zermatt: that it is very difficult to ski the two sides of the valley without a tiresome trek through Zermatt between the Gornergratbahn and the Matterhorn Express at opposite ends of the town.
Testa Grigia at the top of the Theodul Pass serves as a connection to the Italian ski-resorts of Cervinia and Valtournenche. From the Swiss side it is reachable by skilift only, but from the Italian side by a chairlift and by a cablecar. In March 2019 it was announced that a new lift – the 'Alpine Crossing' – will connect Testa Grigia and Klein Matterhorn from spring 2021. There are customs offices here as well as a small alpine museum.
Zermatt is marketed as an all-year skiing resort, with summer skiing limited to the Theodul Glacier behind the Klein Matterhorn. Whilst strictly true, during the off season in May and June there will tend to be only one or two runs open, and the main glacier area does not open until July.
In operation since 25 October 2003, the Furggsattel six-seater chairlift has twelve (of eighteen) masts that stand directly on the glacial ice of the Theodul Glacier – a first for Switzerland.
The new CHF52 million 3S Glacier Ride Cable Car from the resort to Klein Matterhorn was opened on 29 September 2018. It has an uplift capacity of 2000 people per hour and takes just 9 minutes to reach the top using 25 cabins, each with 28 seats.
History of the lift system
1898 Start of summer operation of Gornergratbahn.
1928 Gornergrat Bahn introduces a twice-daily winter sports service to Riffelalp.
1939 Development of Theodul area from Breuil Cervinia to Testa Grigia.
1942 Zermatt-Sunnegga skilift (summer: foot lift, replaced by chairlift in 1967).
1946 Weisti trainer skilift (moved to Riffelberg in 1969). Zermatt-Sunnegga sideways-facing chairlift (replaced by funicular in 1980).
1947 Sunnegga-Blauherd skilift (replaced by cable car in 1967).
1955 Cableway Plan Maison-Furgghorn (discontinued 1992).
1956 Suspension lift Gornergrat-Hohtälli (Discontinued in the summer of 2007). Skilift Riffelberg (replaced by chairlift in 2003). Skilift Furi (discontinued 1960). Chairlift Findeln-Sunegga (due to be replaced in the summer of 2007).
1957 Suspension lift Zermatt-Furi.
1958 Suspension lift Hohtälli-Stockhorn (due to be discontinued in the summer of 2007). Furi-Schwarzsee suspension lift (replaced by cable car lift 2002).
1960 Skilift Garten (discontinued 2003).
1962 Suspension lift Furgg-Schwarzsee (replaced by group turnaround lift in 1991).
1963 Skilift Hornli.
1964 Suspension lift Furi-Furgg (replaced by Matterhorn Express in 2002). Theodullift (replaced by extension of Gandegglift 2003). Skilift Triftji-RoteNase
1965 Furgg-Trockener Steg suspension lift. Skilift National (replaced by chairlift Patrullarve 1989).
1967 Cable car lift Sunnegga-Blauherd (replaced by combi system in 2005). Suspension lift Blauherd-Rothorn (replaced in 1996). Skilift Furggsattel (replaced by a chairlift in 2003). Skilift Eisfluh (replaced by chairlift in 2001). Passlift (replaced by extension to Gandegglift 2003).
1968 Platform skilift Kumme (replaced by chairlift 1982). Skilift Gandegg (extended and renovated in 2003).
1971 Cable Car Gant-Blauherd. Skilift Gant-Platte (discontinued 2002). Skilift Riffelberg-Gifthittli (replaced by chairlift in 2003). Skilift Testa Grigia I.
1979 Cable Car Trockener Steg-Klein Matterhorn.
1980 Funicular Zermatt-Sunnegga. Skilift Testa Grigia II (moved to Plateau Rosa III 2005). Border skilift (Gobba di Rollin/Plateau Breithorn). Skilift Plateau Rosa I.
1982 Built: Suspension lift Furi-Trockener Steg. Cable car Zermatt-Furi. Chairlift Kumme-Rothorn.
1984 Joint skipass in Zermatt.
1986 Suspension lift Hohtälli-Rote Nase.
1989 Chairlift Patrullarve-Blauherd.
1991 Chairlift Furgg-Sandiger Boden-Theodul Glacier. Skilift Plateau Rosa II. Group turnaround lift Furgg-Schwazsee.
1995 Joint skipass Zermatt-Cervinia.
1996 Suspension lift Blauherd-Rothorn.
1997 T-bar Grenzlift built at Klein Matterhorn; highest lift in Europe. (Still in service)
1998 Suspension lift Gant-Hohtälli.
1999 Electronic ticketing system introduced.
2001 Chairlift Eisfluh-Sunnegga (replacing tow lift).
2002 Merger of Zermatt Bergbahnen. Cable car lifts Matterhorn Express (Zermatt-Furi-Schwarzsee).
2003 Chairlift Furggsattel Gletscherbahn (Trockener Steg – Furggsattel). Chairlift Gifthittli (Rifelberg – Gifthittli).
2005 Combi system (gondola/chairlift) Sunnegga-Blauherd. Passenger lift funicular-Riedweg (discontinued 2007).
2006 Suspension lift Furi-Schweigmatten-Riffelberg (Riffelberg Express).
2007 End of operations of the Gornergrat – Hohtälli Cable Car.
2007 End of operations of the Hohtälli – Stockhorn cable car, replaced by a 2 t-bar lifts (Stockhorn and Triftji) in 2008.
2007 Clearing of the skitunnel at Riffelberg, next to Gifthittli lift, increasing the capacity of this slope.
2007 Four-seat chairlift Sunnegga-Findeln/Eja and Findeln/Eja-Breitboden opened after construction.
2015 Bubble-Chairlift S.B. Hirli opens. (Stafel/Joscht- Hirli)
2016 Hublot-Express service Gant-Blauherd opens.
2017-2018 Blauherd-Rothorn Cable car temporarily out of service due to unstable ground foundations around Tower 1.
2018 Kumme-Rothorn chairlift destroyed by avalanche.
2018 Avalanche destroys T-bar Triftji-Rote Nase.
2018 Stockhorn T-bar destroyed in Avalanche.
2018 The world highest 3S cableway is inaugurated
2019 Blauherd – Rothorn Cable Car back in service after summer construction work.
2020 Kumme Gondola (replacing chairlift 1982)
Developments
The Zermatt Bergbahnen's website mentions a few projects for the following years:
c. 2024 Breitboden – Rosenritz high speed chairlift (new)
Unknown ETA new Cable Car Zermatt – Furi (replacing current cable car)
c.2022 New Gondola system Hohtalli – Rote Nase – Stockhorn (putting Stockhorn in service for the first time in 8 years)
Unknown ETA High-Speed Furgg-Garten Chairlift (replacing very slow current lift Furgg-Sandiger Boden)
In March 2019 Zermatt Bergbahnen announced plans for a new 3S 'Alpine Crossing' between Cervinia and Zermatt. It is planned to open in Spring 2021.
As well as several changes to the slopes, and the placement of new snowmaking installations.
Economy
About half of the jobs in Zermatt are in the hotel and restaurant industry.
As of 2012, there were a total of 6,370 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 42 people worked in 19 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 521 workers in 68 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 5,807 jobs in 736 businesses. In 2013 a total of 13.7% of the population received social assistance.
In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 4,261. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 538 of which 83 or (15.4%) were in manufacturing and 385 (71.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,703. In the tertiary sector, 531 or 14.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 477 or 12.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 2,178 or 58.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 38 or 1.0% were in the information industry, 54 or 1.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 116 or 3.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 56 or 1.5% were in education and 87 or 2.3% were in health care.
In 2000, there were 744 workers who commuted into the municipality and 89 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 8.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[36] Of the working population, 7.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 2.6% used a private car.
(Wikipedia)
Zermatt ([tsɛrˈmat]) ist eine politische Gemeinde und eine Burgergemeinde mit einem Burgerrat im Bezirk Visp sowie eine Pfarrgemeinde des Dekanats Visp im Schweizer Kanton Wallis. Bevölkerungsmässig ist Zermatt nach Visp zweitgrösster Ort im Bezirk Visp und liegt im Mattertal auf einer Höhe von circa 1610 m am Nordostfuss des Matterhorns. Zermatt ist ein Bergsteigerzentrum und dank dem Matterhorn und seinem Wintersport- und Wandergebiet ein bekannter Ferienort der Schweiz.
Der frühere Name Praborgne (französisch), abgeleitet vom ursprünglichen lateinischen Namen Pratobornum, wird nicht mehr verwendet.
Geographie
Lage
it einer Fläche von 243,4 km² gehört Zermatt zu den grössten Schweizer Gemeinden. Das Areal umfasst 1,3 km² Bauzone, 9,4 km² Wald, 10,0 km² Landwirtschaftszone (inkl. Alpweiden) und 183,0 km² Naturschutzzonen. Der höchste Punkt ist mit 4634 m ü. M. die Dufourspitze im Monte-Rosa-Massiv. Der tiefste Punkt auf 1524 m ü. M. liegt im Bachbett des Talflusses Mattervispa an der Grenze zur unterhalb liegenden Nachbargemeinde Täsch nahe der Flur mit dem Namen Schlangengrube. Das weite Hochtal ist im Osten von der Bergkette Rimpfischhorn – Strahlhorn – Jägerhorn – Dufourspitze – Signalkuppe begrenzt, im Süden von der Reihe Lyskamm – Castor und Pollux – Breithorn – Klein Matterhorn und westlich des Theodulpasses von Matterhorn – Dent d’Hérens – Tête Blanche. Im Westen liegen zwischen dem Tal des Zmuttbachs und dem Val d’Anniviers die Höhenzüge von Dent Blanche, Ober Gabelhorn und Zinalrothorn.
Das Zermatter Gemeindegebiet grenzt an Italien. Der Übergang über den Theodulpass nach Valtournenche ist wegen der Eisbedeckung nur für Fussgänger und Skifahrer passierbar.
Gewässer
Der Hauptfluss im Tal ist die Mattervispa, die durch den Ortskern von Zermatt fliesst. Sie entsteht durch die Vereinigung des vom Zmuttgletscher kommenden Zmuttbachs, der vom Gornergletscher kommenden Gornera, des vom Triftgletscher kommenden Triftbachs und des vom Findelgletscher durch die Findelschlucht fliessenden Findelbachs. Bei Stalden bildet die Mattervispa zusammen mit der Saaservispa die Vispa, die bei Visp in den Rotten (Rhône) mündet.
Die Gornera nimmt südlich von Furi den Furggbach auf, der am Furgggletscher unter der Ostwand des Matterhorns und unter dem Oberen Theodulgletscher entspringt. Der Bach Balmbrunnen fliesst vom Hohtälligrat über die Alp Breitboden in den Findelbach. Vom Mettelhorn rauscht der Luegelbach durch die steile Runse neben dem Wisshorn[6] zur Mattervispa hinunter.
Am Zmuttbach liegt der von 1961 bis 1964 gebaute Stausee Zmutt, der als Wasserfassung für die Stauhaltung des Grande-Dixence-Systems dient. Das Wasser wird mit Pumpstationen bei Zmutt und Stafel ins Dixence-Tal geleitet.
Berge
22 Schweizer Hauptgipfel über 4000 Meter liegen ganz oder teilweise auf Zermatter Gebiet:
Dufourspitze (Monte Rosa), 4634 m ü. M., der höchste Berg der Schweiz
Nordend (Monte Rosa), 4609 m ü. M.
Zumsteinspitze (Monte Rosa), 4563 m ü. M.
Signalkuppe (Monte Rosa), 4554 m ü. M.
Liskamm (manchmal Lyskamm), Ostgipfel, 4527 m ü. M.
Liskamm (Lyskamm), Westgipfel, 4479 m ü. M.
Matterhorn, 4478 m ü. M.
Parrotspitze (Monte Rosa), 4432 m ü. M.
Dent Blanche, 4356 m ü. M.
Ludwigshöhe (Monte Rosa), 4341 m ü. M.
Castor (Zwillinge), 4228 m ü. M.
Zinalrothorn (Weisshorngruppe), 4221 m ü. M.
Rimpfischhorn (Mischabel), 4199 m ü. M.
Strahlhorn (Mischabel), 4190 m ü. M.
Dent d’Hérens, 4171 m ü. M.
Breithorn-Westgipfel, 4164 m ü. M.
Breithorn-Mittelgipfel, 4159 m ü. M.[9]
Westlicher Breithornzwilling, 4139 m ü. M.
Gendarm (östlicher Breithornzwilling), 4106 m ü. M.
Pollux (Zwillinge), 4092 m ü. M.
Schwarzfluh (Breithorn), 4075 m ü. M.
Ober Gabelhorn (Weisshorngruppe), 4063 m ü. M.
Weitere markante Berge im Gemeindegebiet sind das Oberrothorn (3414 m ü. M.), das Stockhorn (3532 m ü. M.), das Äbihorn (3473 m ü. M.), das Untere Gabelhorn (3392 m ü. M.), das Theodulhorn (3468 m ü. M.),[10] das Riffelhorn (2928 m ü. M.) und das Mettelhorn (3406 m ü. M.).
Gletscher
In den hoch gelegenen Tälern von Zermatt liegen viele, zum Teil trotz dem andauernden Schwund noch recht grosse Gletscher. Zusammen mit allen Seitengletschern bedeckt das Gletschersystem des Gornergletschers eine Fläche von 68 km², was nach dem Aletschgletscher die zweitgrösste zusammenhängende Gletscherfläche der Alpen darstellt.
Liste der Zermatter Gletscher:
Findelgletscher
Triftjigletscher
Gornergletscher
Adlergletscher
Monte-Rosa-Gletscher
Grenzgletscher
Zwillingsgletscher
Schwärzegletscher
Breithorngletscher
Theodulgletscher mit Plateau Rosa
Furgggletscher
Tiefmattengletscher
Zmuttgletscher
Matterhorngletscher
Stockjigletscher
Schönbielgletscher
Hohwänggletscher
Arbengletscher
Gabelhorngletscher
Triftgletscher
Rothorngletscher
Bodengletscher
Klima
Durch die hohen Berge, welche in den Hauptwetterrichtungen die Niederschläge abschirmen, sowie das allgemein hohe Geländeniveau ist das Klima für die Höhe und die geographische Breite mild und niederschlagsarm. Die Waldgrenze liegt auf hohen 2'200 bis 2300 m und damit im mittel- und südeuropäischen Spitzenbereich. Die durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge im Dorf beträgt rund 700 mm pro Jahr. Die umgebenden Berge, insbesondere entlang der italienischen Grenze, sind – relativ zur Höhe – deutlich kälter und niederschlagsreicher. Auf der Signalkuppe des Monte Rosa beträgt der durchschnittliche Jahresniederschlag 4100 mm.
Für die Normalperiode 1991–2020 betrug die Jahresmitteltemperatur 4,7 °C, wobei im Januar mit −3,9 °C die kältesten und im Juli mit 13,7 °C die wärmsten Monatsmitteltemperaturen gemessen werden. Im Mittel sind hier rund 171 Frosttage und 42 Eistage zu erwarten. Sommertage gibt es im Jahresmittel 8 bis 9, während im Schnitt alle 10 Jahre ein Hitzetag zu verzeichnen ist. Die Messstation von MeteoSchweiz liegt auf einer Höhe von 1638 m ü. M.
Siedlungen
Auf dem Gebiet von Zermatt liegen die Weiler Findeln, Tuftern, Winkelmatten, Blatten, Zum See und Zmutt, meist mit eigenen Kapellen. Früher wurden sie als Sommersiedlungen benutzt. Heute sind sie beliebte Touristenziele.
Sprache
Zermatt ist noch vor Salurn in Südtirol der südlichste Ort des geschlossenen deutschen Sprachraumes (als deutsche Sprachinsel liegen lediglich die Lystaler Orte Gressoney und Issime weitere 20 km bis 30 km südlich).
Geschichte
Neuere archäologische Grabungen in einem Felsabri auf der Alp Hermetje förderten menschliche Spuren aus der Mittel- und Jungsteinzeit (ab 9000 v. Chr. und 5500–2200 v. Chr.) zutage. In den Hubelwäng am Fuss des Unteren Gabelhorns belegen fünf prähistorische Schalensteine am alten Handelsweg die frühe Anwesenheit von Menschen, während römische Münzfunde auf dem Theodulpass und spätmittelalterliche Münz- und Waffenfunde am Gletscherrand beim Trockenen Steg die Benützung dieses Alpenübergangs in Antike und Spätmittelalter bezeugen. In den 1880er Jahren wurde bei Fundamentarbeiten für das Hotel Monte Rosa eine latènezeitliche Topfwerkstätte entdeckt, in der Gefässe aus Chloritschiefer gehöhlt wurden. In den 1990er Jahren wurde im Furi eine ähnliche Werkstatt aus der jüngeren Eisenzeit (380–120 v. Chr.) freigelegt.
1280 wird Zermatt erstmals als Pratobornum erwähnt, was als «Matte im Quellgebiet» (von mittelhochdeutsch mat/mate «Wiese»; vgl. auch Alm (Bergweide)) oder «Matte in den Grenzmarken» übersetzt werden kann. Zermatt ist eine Tochterpfarrei von St. Niklaus. Die Pfarrgemeinde von Zermatt wird in einer Urkunde vom 25. April 1285 erwähnt. Eine Dorfkapelle wurde ca. 1290 errichtet. Zwischen dem 15. und 17. Jahrhundert kauften sich die Zermatter von verschiedenen Feudalherren frei.
Wichtige Handelswege führten im Mittelalter via Zermatt über den Theodulpass nach Italien. Münzfunde belegen, dass dieser Weg schon zu Zeiten der Römer im 1. bis 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. benutzt wurde. Die Münzen kann man heute im Matterhorn-Museum Zermatlantis besichtigen. Als sich die Gletscher während der Wärmephase um 1000 bis 1300 weit zurückgezogen hatten, war der Theodulpass auch auf der Nordseite eisfrei. Aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stammen die teilweise gepflasterten Saumwege, deren Überreste heute noch zu sehen sind.
Erste Naturforscher kamen um 1780 nach Zermatt. Ein bescheidener Fremdenbesuch setzte nach 1820 ein, ab 1838 gab es eine Gastherberge.] Zwischen 1850 und 1860 wurde eine mit Kutschen befahrbare Strasse zwischen Zermatt und St. Niklaus erstellt. 1852 wurde das erste kleine Hotel eröffnet. Der Gommer Bauernsohn Alexander Seiler I. eröffnete 1855 das Hotel Monte Rosa und begründete sein Hotelimperium. Ein Hotel auf dem Riffelberg wurde 1854 gebaut. 1858 folgte die Gründung einer Bergführergesellschaft in Zermatt, die 1860 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Im Jahre 1873 kam es dann zur Gründung der Führergesellschaft Zermatt St. Niklaus. Ein weiterer Tourismuspionier war Joseph Anton Clemenz, der 1852 das Mont Cervin eröffnete und es 15 Jahre später an Seiler verkaufte.
1865 gelang dem Engländer Edward Whymper die Erstbesteigung des Matterhorns. Dies war der Startschuss für den Aufstieg zum weltberühmten Touristenort.
1891 wurde die Bahnstrecke von Visp nach Zermatt der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn für den Sommerbetrieb eröffnet. 1898 folgte die Bahn auf den Gornergrat.
Im Januar 1902 organisierte Hermann Seiler als Präsident der Sektion Monte Rosa des Schweizer Alpen-Clubs in und bei Zermatt den ersten Skikurs in der Schweiz.
Von Zermatt aus gelang im September 1903 Luftschiffer Eduard Spelterini und Hermann Seiler zusammen mit einer dritten Person die erste Überfliegung der Hochalpen im Ballon.
Am 31. Dezember 1927 liess Hermann Seiler 180 eingeladene englische Sommerstammgäste in St. Niklaus mit 50 Schlitten abholen und nach Zermatt fahren. Mit dem Abschluss der Schutzbauten Ende Oktober 1933 konnte die heutige Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn den ganzjährigen fahrplanmässigen Betrieb bis nach Zermatt aufnehmen, wie er bereits seit 1928 bis St. Niklaus bestand, Voraussetzung für reguläre Wintersaisons in Zermatt. Bereits 1944 besuchten erstmals mehr Gäste im Winter als im Sommer Zermatt.
Im März 1963 grassierte in Zermatt eine Typhusepidemie mit über 400 Erkrankten und drei Toten.
Die 1968 gegründete Air Zermatt errichtete am Dorfeingang einen Heliport.
Durch den Tourismus ist Zermatt im Lauf der Zeit stark gewachsen. Das typische Bild eines Walliser Bergdorfs ist nur noch im Ortskern und bei den ausserhalb gelegenen Weilern zu finden, während im Tal ausgedehnte Feriensiedlungen entstanden sind.
Zermatt ist eine autofreie Gemeinde, die Strasse darf ab Täsch nur mit entsprechender Bewilligung befahren werden. In Zermatt werden Transportaufgaben von speziell bewilligten kommerziellen Elektrofahrzeugen oder Pferdetaxen übernommen. 124 Hotels sowie zahlreiche Gästebetten in Ferienwohnungen bieten über 17'500 Gästen Platz.
81,3 % der Einwohner gehören der Römisch-katholischen Kirche an, 9,2 % der Evangelisch-reformierten Kirche, 5,4 % gehören einer anderen Konfession an, und 4,1 % sind konfessionslos.
Tourismus
Wintersportgebiete
Das Wintersportgebiet um Zermatt gliedert sich in die drei Bereiche Matterhorn glacier paradise/Schwarzsee paradise, «Gornergrat» und Sunegga paradise/Rothorn paradise. Seit dem Bau der neuen Verbindungsbahn Furi–Riffelberg im Sommer 2006 sind die drei Skigebiete (Matterhorn ski paradise) miteinander verbunden. Mit dem angegliederten Gebiet von Breuil-Cervinia (Italien) stehen dem Wintersportler 63 Bergbahnen und 257 Pistenkilometer zur Verfügung. Die längste Abfahrt vom Kleinen Matterhorn nach Zermatt ist ca. 15 km lang und hat eine Höhendifferenz von 2'279 m.
Die Fahrt mit der Seilbahn von der Mittelstation auf dem Trockenen Steg zum Matterhorn glacier paradise (Klein Matterhorn) führt auf eine Höhe von 3820 m ü. M. Die am höchsten gelegene Bergstation wurde erst Ende der 1970er Jahre erbaut, nachdem die Bergbahngesellschaft die Konzession schon Ende der 1960er Jahre erhalten hatte. Ein Aufzug führt von der Bergstation zum Gipfel des Kleinen Matterhorns. Kurze Zeit später wäre das Projekt wohl kaum mehr realisierbar gewesen, was die Gemeinde Saas-Fee mit ihrem Projekt zum Feechopf (3888 m ü. M.) erfahren musste.
Über einen Personenlift gelangt man auf den Gipfel des Klein Matterhorns (höchster Aussichtspunkt Europas) auf 3883 m ü. M. Das Panorama reicht von den Schweizer Alpen über die französischen Alpen bis in die italienische Po-Ebene. Das Gebiet Matterhorn glacier paradise ist Kern des Sommerskigebiets von Zermatt.
Das Gebiet des Gornergrats wird durch die Gornergratbahn, eine der ältesten elektrischen Gebirgs-Zahnradstrecken der Schweiz, erschlossen. Ungefähr auf halber Strecke befindet sich bei der Station Riffelalp der Ausgangspunkt des Riffelalptrams, der (nur im Sommer betriebenen) höchstgelegenen Strassenbahn Europas von der Bahnstation zum Fünf-Sterne-Hotel Riffelalp Resort 2222 m. Am Endpunkt der Bahn auf dem Gornergrat befinden sich ein Hotel, eine Sternwarte sowie ein Aussichtspunkt mit Panoramablick auf den Gornergletscher und das Monte-Rosa-Massiv.
Sommerskigebiet
Das Sommerskigebiet von Zermatt ist das grösste und höchstgelegene in Europa. Je nach Schneeverhältnissen stehen bis zu 20 km Pisten zur Verfügung. Die längste Abfahrt hat eine Länge von 7 km. Das Sommerskigebiet erstreckt sich vom Trockenen Steg über den Theodulgletscher zur Testa Grigia oberhalb des Theodulpasses, weiter über das Plateau Rosa bis zum Klein Matterhorn. Die Gobba di Rollin, welche einige hundert Meter südlich des Kleinen Matterhorns, dicht an der Grenze zu Italien, liegt, ist mit einer Höhe von 3899 m ü. M. der höchste Punkt eines europäischen Skigebiets. Sie ist nur im Sommer mit Skiliften erreichbar. Im Frühling und Herbst ist ausserdem die Gletscherbahn zum Furggsattel geöffnet. Das Sommerskigebiet wird von vielen Skinationalmannschaften für das Sommertraining genutzt. Seit einigen Jahren wird zusammen mit Saas-Fee ein Kombiticket für Sommer-Skiurlauber angeboten. Die Fahrzeit von Täsch nach Saas-Fee beträgt circa 40 Minuten.
Zermatt ist neben dem Hintertuxer Gletscher das einzige Skigebiet der Alpen, in dem 365 Tage im Jahr Skibetrieb herrscht.
Langlauf
Zermatt selbst hat keine Langlaufloipen. Die 15 km lange, wettkampferprobte Spur liegt unterhalb von Zermatt zwischen Täsch und Randa.[28] In den Jahren 1981 bis 1989 wurde achtmal der Zermatter Nachtlanglauf, ein 10-km-Skilanglaufrennen, in den Strassen von Zermatt durchgeführt.
Bergsteigen
Die touristische Entdeckung des Mattertals begann 1792 mit den Erstbesteigungen des Klein Matterhorns und des Theodulhorns durch den Genfer Gelehrten Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. Nicht weniger als 58 Erstbesteigungen und 47 Ersttraversierungen folgten in den Jahren 1855 bis 1894. 1855 erfolgte zum Beispiel die Erstbesteigung der Dufourspitze des Monte Rosa.[29] 1858 folgte die Gründung einer Bergführergesellschaft in Zermatt, die 1860 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Im Jahre 1873 kam es dann zur Gründung der Führergesellschaft Zermatt St. Niklaus.[19] 1865 erfolgte die Erstbesteigung des Matterhorns. 1931 wurde die Matterhorn-Nordwand erstmals erfolgreich durchstiegen.
Die Haute Route ist eine internationale, hochalpine, mehrtägige Wander- und Skidurchquerung über 180 Kilometer vom Mont-Blanc-Massiv bei Chamonix, Frankreich, durch die Walliser Alpen bis nach Zermatt. Sie führt über verschiedene Gletscher und hohe Bergübergänge und etappenweise zu Berghütten wie der Bertolhütte und der Schönbielhütte.
Wandern
Zermatt bietet ein Wanderwegnetz von mehr als 400 km in allen Talgebieten an. Von Saas-Fee über Grächen (Höhenweg Balfrin) und über Gasenried nach Zermatt (Europaweg) führt die regionale Wanderroute 27 «Swiss Tour Monte Rosa» von Wanderland Schweiz. Die ganze Wanderung dauert drei Tage, kann jedoch auch in einzelnen Etappen bewältigt werden. Die Tour ist nur für geübte und ausdauernde Wanderer zu empfehlen.
Berglauf
Zwischen 1982 und 2012 fand vom Bahnhof Zermatt (1605 m ü. M.) zum Zielpunkt Schwarzsee (2580 m ü. M.) der Matterhornlauf mit einer Streckenlänge von 14,34 km statt. Seit 2002 finden im Juli der Zermatt-Marathon (der von St. Niklaus über Zermatt auf den Riffelberg führt) und seit 2013 jeweils im August das Matterhorn Ultraks statt.
Skiberglauf
Seit 1943 führt die Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) von Zermatt nach Verbier. Eine 2010 gestartete Patrouille mit dem Zermatter Skibergsteiger Martin Anthamatten hält den Streckenrekord.
Skiweltcup
Ab der Saison 2022/23 sollten im Spätherbst im Rahmen des Saisonstarts des Alpinen Skiweltcups Abfahrtsläufe auf der neuen Gran-Becca-Rennstrecke stattfinden. Der Start des Matterhorn Cervino Speed Opening sollte leicht unterhalb der Gobba di Rollin in der Schweiz liegen, das Ziel liegt bei der Mittelstation Laghi Cime Bianche oberhalb von Cervinia in Italien. Präsidiert wird das lokale Organisationskomitee von Franz Julen, CEO des Matterhorn Cervino Speed Opening ist Christian Ziörjen. Die Rennen mussten wegen Schneemangels abgesagt werden, an der Wahl des Austragungsorts und dem Termin wurde erhebliche Kritik geübt.
Verkehr
Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB)
Wichtigster Zubringer in das von Autos mit Verbrennungsmotor befreite Zermatt ist die Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB). Sie entstand 2003 durch die Fusion der Furka-Oberalp-Bahn und der Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn. Die 35 km lange Bahnstrecke von Visp nach Zermatt wurde 1891 eröffnet. Das Teilstück Brig–Visp wurde erst 1930 gebaut. Auf ihrer Linie nach Visp, Brig-Glis, Andermatt und Disentis verkehrt auch der Glacier Express. Seit der Eröffnung 2007 des Lötschberg-Basistunnels der NEAT ist der Bahnhof Zermatt von Zürich aus mit Umsteigen auf die Schmalspurbahn im Bahnhof Visp in drei Stunden erreichbar.
Gornergratbahn
Direkt neben dem Bahnhof der MGB beginnt die Zahnradstrecke der Gornergratbahn (GGB), die auf den Gornergrat führt. 1896 wurde mit dem Bau der imposanten Ausflugsbahn begonnen. Da die Endstation Gornergrat auf einer Höhenlage von 3089 m ü. M. liegt, war die Bauzeit zwischen Schneeschmelze und dem Wintereinbruch äusserst kurz. Über 1000 Arbeiter kamen zum Einsatz – die meisten von ihnen waren, wie bei allen damaligen grossen Eisenbahnbauten der Schweiz, Italiener. Insgesamt waren während der zweijährigen Bauzeit rund 2400 Arbeiter beschäftigt.
Bahnstationen
Sunnegga, Blauherd, Grünsee, Rothorn, Findeln, Gant, Gornergrat, Riffelalp/Riffelberg/Rotenboden, Hohtälli, Stockhorn, Rote Nase, Furi, Trockener Steg, Klein Matterhorn, Gobba di Rollin, Plateau Rosa, Theodulpass/Testa Grigia, Gandegg, Schwarzsee, Furggsattel.
Chronik der Bergbahnen von Zermatt
1898: Eröffnung der Gornergratbahn (nur Sommerbetrieb)
1928: Die Gornergratbahn fährt erstmals auch im Winter
1942: Bau des ersten Skiliftes von Zermatt nach Sunnegga
1947: Bau der Sesselbahn Zermatt–Sunnegga
1955: Gründung der LZS (Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Schwarzsee)
1955/56: Bau der Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Furi–Schwarzsee
1958–1958: Bau der Luftseilbahn Gornergrat–Hohtälli–Stockhorn
1962: Bau der Luftseilbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee
1963: Bau des Skiliftes Hörnli
1963–1965: Bau der Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Furi–Furgg–Trockener Steg
1964: Gründung der Rothornbahn AG
1967: Bau der Gondelbahn Sunnegga–Blauherd und der Luftseilbahn Blauherd–Rothorn
1971: Bau der Gondelbahn Gant–Blauherd
1973: 17. Dezember. Definitive Bewilligung der Luftseilbahn auf das Kleine Matterhorn
1979: Eröffnung der Luftseilbahn auf das Kleine Matterhorn
1980: Eröffnung der ersten unterirdischen Standseilbahn der Schweiz Zermatt–Sunnegga (Sunneggatunnel)
1982: Bau der Sechser-Gondelbahn Zermatt–Furi und der Luftseilbahn Furi–Trockener Steg
1984: Als Folge eine Grossbrandes bei der Bergstation Neubau des Skiliftes Triftji nach Rote Nase
1986: Eröffnung der Luftseilbahn Hohtälli–Rote Nase
1989: Ersatz der Skilifte Sunnegga–Blauherd und Patrullarve–Blauherd durch eine Vierersesselbahn
1990: Bau Sessellift Furgg–Sandiger Boden–Theodulgletscher
1991: Eröffnung der Gruppen-Gondelbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee als Ersatz der alten Luftseilbahn
1996: Eröffnung der neuen Pendelbahn Blauherd–Rothorn als Ersatz der alten Luftseilbahn
1998: Eröffnung der Seilbahn Gant–Hohtälli
2002: Fusion Sunnegga-Express AG, Rothornbahn AG und Matterhornbahnen AG zur Bergbahn Zermatt AG, der grössten Bergbahnunternehmung der Schweiz[32]
2002: Eröffnung der Achter-Gondelbahn Matterhorn-Express Zermatt–Furi–Schwarzsee
2002: Eröffnung des Sessellifts Gifthittli
2003: Eröffnung des neuen Sessellifts Furggsattel. Die Furggsattel-Gletscherbahn ist die erste Sesselbahn, welche auf einem Schweizer Gletscher gebaut wurde. Sie ist die längste Gletschersesselbahn Europas. Die Bergstation stand beim Bau auf italienischem Boden; da als Grenze die höchste Linie des Grats definiert ist, der gratbildende Gletscher inzwischen jedoch weggeschmolzen ist und die Felskante nun die höchste Linie bildet, steht auch die Bergstation (und somit die ganze Bahn) inzwischen in der Schweiz.
2005: Eröffnung der Kombibahn (Gondel- und Sesselbahn) zwischen Sunnegga und Blauherd
2006: Eröffnung der Gondelbahn Riffelberg Express zwischen Furi und Riffelberg
2007: Eröffnung des Sessellifts Sunnegga–Findeln–Breitboden
2008: Rückbau der Luftseilbahn Gornergrat–Hohtälli–Stockhorn. An ihrer Stelle wurde eine Verbindungspiste vom Hohtälli nach Gifthittli gebaut. Um das Stockhorn neu zu erschliessen, wurde ein neuer Skilift erstellt.
2008: Bau eines vollautomatischen Crossliners von Sunnegga zum Anfängerpark am Leisee
2009: Bau der Verlängerung des Matterhorn-Express von Schwarzsee via Furgg auf Trockener Steg. Diese Bahn ersetzt die alte Gondelbahn von 1965 von Furgg nach Trockener Steg sowie die Gruppen-Gondelbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee. Mit der neuen Bahn ist der Trockene Steg in 25 Minuten ohne Umsteigen zu erreichen.
2010: Rückbau der oberen Sektion des Theodul-Express (Sandiger Boden–Theodulgletscher). Als Ersatz dient die Verlängerung des Matterhorn-Express, welche 2009 realisiert wurde.
2013: Erneuerung der Standseilbahn Zermatt-Sunnegga[33]
2015: 6er-Sesselbahn Joscht–Hirli als Ersatz für den Skilift Hörnli
2016: 6er-Sesselbahn Gant–Blauherd als Ersatz für die 4er-Gondelbahn
2016: Baubeginn der 3S-Bahn Klein Matterhorn als Ergänzung zur Pendelbahn
2018: Eröffnung der neuen 3S-Bahn-Umlaufbahn aufs Klein Matterhorn. Sie verbindet die Station Trockener Steg auf 2939 Metern Höhe mit dem Matterhorn glacier paradise auf 3821 Metern Höhe.
2020: Bau und Inbetriebnahme der autonomen Zehner-Gondelbahn Kumme. Sie verbindet Tufternkehr über die Mittelstation Wyss Gufer mit dem Rothorn.
Autofreies Zermatt
Die Strassen von Zermatt sind für den privaten Autoverkehr seit 1931 gesperrt. Das bestehende Fahrverbot wurde durch die Stimmberechtigten von Zermatt in den Jahren 1972 und 1986 bestätigt. Die 5 km lange Strasse zwischen Täsch und Zermatt darf nur mit einer Spezialbewilligung befahren werden, die an Einheimische, Gäste mit einer Zweitwohnung, Taxis, Versorgungs- und Rettungsfahrzeuge vergeben wird. Handlungen gegen das bestehende Verkehrsreglement sowie gegen rechtskräftige Verfügungen des Gemeinderates werden durch den Gemeinderat mit einer Busse bis zu 5'000 CHF bestraft, sofern die kantonale oder eidgenössische Gesetzgebung nicht eine höhere Busse vorsieht. Die Verkehrskapazität der Strasse ist inzwischen überschritten. Am 6. März 2005 stimmten die Stimmbürger von Zermatt einem Ausbau der Strassenverbindung zu. Seitdem prüfen die Gemeinde Zermatt und der Kanton Wallis die Sanierung und den Ausbau der Strasse. Mit dem Ausbau der Strasse wurde bisher noch nicht begonnen. Die Feriengäste müssen für die Dauer des Aufenthaltes ihre Wagen im grossen Parkhaus in Täsch abstellen, das über 2000 kostenpflichtige Parkplätze aufweist. Ausserdem werden rund 900 Parkplätze von Privatunternehmen angeboten, die einen 24-Stunden-Taxidienst nach Zermatt anbieten. Im Matterhorn-Terminal ist eine Umsteigeplattform auf die Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn integriert. Pendelzüge mit Niederflurwagen, die auch mit Gepäckkulis befahren werden können, verkehren im 20-Minuten-Takt nach Zermatt. In den Nächten zwischen Freitag und Sonntag verkehren die Züge im Stundentakt durchgehend.
Für den Transport der Skifahrer stehen in Zermatt seit Januar 1988 Elektrobusse in Betrieb. Diese bedienen auf einem Rundkurs von circa 4,5 km Länge sämtliche Talstationen der Zermatter Bergbahnen. Im Dezember 1991 wurde für die Erschliessung des Aussenquartiers Winkelmatten zusätzlich ein Klein-Elektrobus in Betrieb genommen. Das Passagieraufkommen zu den Spitzenzeiten im Winter ist gross. Je nach Bustyp finden 27, 50 oder 80 Passagiere Platz. Die Busdienstleistungen sind im Skiabonnement enthalten. Die Maximalgeschwindigkeit beträgt, wie für alle Fahrzeuge in Zermatt, 20 km/h.
Während Privatfahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotoren in Zermatt verboten sind, sind Elektroautos für gewerbliche Nutzung zugelassen, dürfen aber wie die Busse nur mit einer maximalen Geschwindigkeit von 20 km/h fahren. Von diesen mit Ausnahme der Elektrobusse kleinen und schmalen Elektroautos sind viele unterwegs als Transportfahrzeuge der Handwerker, als Lieferfahrzeuge der Supermärkte, Geschäfte, Gaststätten und Hotels sowie als Taxis oder Hotelzubringer, um Gäste und deren Gepäck vom Bahnhof abzuholen. Seit 1947 ist die Zahl der bewilligten Elektrofahrzeuge auf rund 500 angewachsen. In Verbindung mit dem vorhandenen Strassensystem führt die Fahrzeugnutzung inzwischen zu Verkehrsproblemen, denen durch Verkehrsberuhigungsmassnahmen begegnet werden soll. Zudem gibt es Kutschbetriebe.
Regelmässige Veranstaltungen
Das Zermatt Festival findet seit September 2005 statt und nimmt die Tradition der Zermatter Sommerkonzerte und Meisterkurse aus den 1950er und 1960er Jahren wieder auf. Zu den Veranstaltungsorten zählt unter anderem die Riffelalp Kapelle auf 2222 m ü. M. Gäste waren unter anderem die Berliner Philharmoniker.
Beim Musikfestival Zermatt Unplugged verwenden die Künstler ausschliesslich akustische Instrumente. Es hat erstmals 2007 stattgefunden und ist das einzige Festival dieser Art in Europa.
Das Folklore-Festival findet seit 1970 am zweiten Augustwochenende statt. Der Umzug am Samstagnachmittag umfasst um die 30 Gruppen.
(Wikipedia)
The wise Lloyd Christmas once said, "So, you're telling me there's a chance!".
This humble quote serves as a reminder that statistically speaking, there is always a chance that something can happen, unless it absolutely requires a violation of the laws of physics or reality.
Even if this event is the manufacture of a Kotobukiya product that I don't have any real issues with.
Presenting the Kotobukiya 1/7 Fate/Hollow Ataraxia Saber: Swimsuit edition.
This statue is continuation of long and proud tradition of releasing Bishoujo statues of characters in bathing suits that may or may not have appear in canon. Having never played the game, I have no idea if this happened, but this isn't the first swimsuit edition of Artoria that I've seen.
The swimsuit she is depicted in is a pretty basic two piece, with two purple ribbons adorning her hips. Again, having no idea about how canonically accurate this is, I would say it's a good fit for her seeing how Artoria starts acting more feminine in this game, and this seems like a pretty modest piece of swimwear.
Artoria is sculpted in a relaxed stance, arms over and behind her head mid stretch. Her base is neat, with simulated water touching her right foot.
There are no loose accessories to attach to her... guess she doesn't bring Exalibur swimming with her.
An up close and personal examination of all the usual suspects shows, well, nothing out of place. All the paint and decals are in good order, with little to no overspray to report. Detailing of the statue itself is very good, with good quality found even in finer details like her hair, the various ripples and bulges of her outfit, and the general musculature of her body.
There are no concerns from a finish perspective, and there are no unsightly assembly gaps. Even the proportions of her various body parts are as one would expect, and reflect the overall aesthetic popularized by the Fate/Stay Night anime.
Without the usual suspects to complain about, I turn to the nit picking - namely that the subject matter isn't terribly exciting (hardly the fault of the statue itself) and that they didn't do much for her fingernails, which is a pretty common occurrence even with other scale figure companies.
With an MSRP of 7,800 Yen as of 2015, this wasn't a premium priced figure either.
Overall, this piece is so good, in fact, that if I didn't know better, I'd say this was an Alter release or something.
So yeah, overall a very strong release by Kotobukiya, which is not a combination of words that usually string together when writing about these things. This Artoria is definitely simple by comparison to other swimsuit figures, but it's honestly a good reflection of her character and ultimately a good choice, and the great finishes just help to further make this piece shine.
If you appreciate good quality in a statue, even if the piece is a bit on the simple side, I think this would make a classy addition to your collection. Not sure what the demand on this figure is, but based on some preliminary research, I think finding her at a very reasonable price probably not going to be an issue.
Highly recommended.
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-390
MEDICAID: Additional Reporting May Help CMS Oversee Prescription-Drug Fraud Controls
Note: Data are from the Medicaid Statistical Information System (MSIS), Excluded Parties List System, List of Excluded Individuals and Entities, Social Security Administration (SSA) death data, and state prison records.
Área metropolitana de Miami (Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area)
Florida
Estados Unidos
Showing statistical distribution of OpenStreetMap GPS points, taken from the OSM GPS Dump in April 2012. Histograms on the axes show the distribution by longitude and latitude respectively.
Visualisuation was done using first release of planet-wide GPS track data. Data copyright OpenStreetMap and its contributors.
Created in Processing
Caveat: the data was binned into lat/lon squares, so it's not taking area into account (equirectangular projection is not equal area). This data was from the CC-BY-SA era, hence the licencing.
You can clearly see the bias towards the north hemisphere - that's to be expected, as the vast majority of people live north of the equator.
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-214
PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE: Geographic Variation in Spending for Certain High-Cost Procedures Driven by Inpatient Prices
Note: Data were from 78 MSAs. We included all MSAs with a sufficient number of episodes to support our analyses for all three procedures. For each procedure, the lowest- and highest-spending quintiles each consist of 16 MSAs. Prices and spending were adjusted to control for geographic differences in the cost of doing business and differences in demographics and health status of enrollees in each MSA. Prices and spending may not add to totals because of rounding.
From my visits there I have always perceived the city as a terrible place to be, as having an aggressively hostile social climate formed of relentless male bullying gone unchecked for decades. But it does look pretty from up here!
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In Archer Heights near Follansbee, West Virginia, on July 8th, 2020, downtown Steubenville and the Ohio River as viewed from the "Highland Hills Memorial Park" cemetery.
Steubenville, Ohio, is on the opposite riverbank. There is the Market Street Bridge, erected 1905 by the Ohio Steel Erection Company, 100003517 on the National Register of Historic Places.
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Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names terms:
• Archer Heights (2117270)
• Brooke (county) (1002205)
• Follansbee (2118261)
• Jefferson (county) (1002519)
• Ohio River (7014265)
• Steubenville (2082033)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus terms:
• boundaries (300055590)
• cemeteries (300266755)
• central business districts (300000868)
• overlooks (300008186)
• riverine landscapes (300435110)
• rivers (300008707)
• road bridges (300007891)
• skylines (300075416)
• summer (season) (300133099)
• suspension bridges (300007868)
• urban landscapes (300132447)
• valleys (landforms) (300008761)
Wikidata items:
• 8 July 2020 (Q57396808)
• 1900s in transport (Q98399699)
• 1905 in transport (Q98399704)
• Allegheny Plateau (Q654947)
• Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests (Q4780886)
• Appalachian Plateau (Q620627)
• July 8 (Q2692)
• July 2020 (Q55281154)
• Market Street Bridge (Q6770753)
• Monongahela Transition Zone (Q87752244)
• Northern Panhandle (Q1750731)
• Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV Combined Statistical Area (Q55641455)
• state line (Q81716560)
• Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Q246501)
• Treaty of Greenville (Q767317)
• Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau (Q7884502)
• Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area (Q7980367)
• Western Allegheny Plateau (Q17148740)
Library of Congress Subject Headings:
• Bridges—Ohio (sh2002005352)
• Bridges—Ohio River (sh92000506)
• Bridges—West Virginia (sh94008302)
• Ohio River Valley (sh85094291)
• Rivers—Ohio (sh85114372)
• Rivers—West Virginia (sh85114423)
Me and my friend Neal were testing out my new Cactus V2s's. They are freakin awesome by the way!!
Srobist: one SB800 camera right and one canon flash (dont remember what model) camera left. both on light stands up high aimed down at shoulders. Neal is holding a white bounce card to get light on his face.
San Antonio, officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States. Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718, the city became the first chartered civil settlement in Texas in 1731, making it the state's oldest municipality. The city's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth: it was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the second from 1990 to 2000.
Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas, San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the "Texas Triangle".
San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County; recent annexations have extended the city's boundaries into Medina County and, for a tiny area near the city of Garden Ridge, into Comal County. Since San Antonio was founded during the Spanish Colonial Era, it has a church (San Fernando Cathedral) in its center, on the main civic plaza in front, a characteristic of many Spanish-founded cities, towns, and villages in Spain and Latin America. As with many other Western urban centers, areas outside the city limits are sparsely populated.
San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area. Commonly called Greater San Antonio, the metro area has a population of 2,473,974 based on the 2017 U.S. census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in Texas. Growth along the Interstate 35 and Interstate 10 corridors to the north, west and east make it likely that the metropolitan area will continue to expand.
San Antonio was named by a 1691 Spanish expedition for Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is June 13. The city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions, including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which together were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 2015. Other notable attractions include the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, SeaWorld, the Alamo Bowl, and Marriage Island. Commercial entertainment includes Six Flags Fiesta Texas and Morgan's Wonderland amusement parks. According to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau, the city is visited by about 32 million tourists a year. It is home to the five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs, and hosts the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest such events in the U.S.
The U.S. Armed Forces have numerous facilities in and around San Antonio; Fort Sam Houston is the only one within the city limits. Lackland Air Force Base, Randolph Air Force Base, Lackland AFB/Kelly Field Annex, Camp Bullis, and Camp Stanley are outside the city limits. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, when the airfield was transferred to Lackland AFB. The remaining parts of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, the only medical research and care provider in the South Texas region.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Schweiz / Wallis - Zermatt
View back on the way to Höhbalmen
Rückblick auf dem Weg zu den Höhbalmen
Zermatt (German pronunciation: [t͡sɛʁˈmat]) is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a year-round population of about 5,800 and is classified as a town by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO).
It lies at the upper end of Mattertal at an elevation of 1,620 m (5,310 ft), at the foot of Switzerland's highest peaks. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the over 3,292 m (10,801 ft) high Theodul Pass bordering Italy. Zermatt is the southernmost commune of the German Sprachraum.
Zermatt is famed as a mountaineering and ski resort of the Swiss Alps. Until the mid-19th century, it was predominantly an agricultural community; the first and tragic ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 was followed by a rush on the mountains surrounding the village, leading to the construction of many tourist facilities. The year-round population (as of December 2020) is 5,820, though there may be several times as many tourists in Zermatt at any one time. Much of the local economy is based on tourism, with about half of the jobs in town in hotels or restaurants and just under half of all apartments are vacation apartments. Just over one-third of the permanent population was born in the town, while another third moved to Zermatt from outside Switzerland.
Etymology
The name of Zermatt, as well as that of the Matterhorn itself, derives from the alpine meadows, or matten (in German), in the valley. The name appeared first as Zur Matte ("at the meadow") and became later Zermatt. It does not appear until 1495 on a map or 1546 in a text, but may have been employed long before.
Praborno or Prato Borno (Prato also means meadow) are the older names of Zermatt; they appear in the ancient maps as early as the thirteenth century.The Romand-speaking people from the Aosta Valley and from the Romand-speaking part of canton Wallis (Valais) used this name until about 1860 in the form of Praborne, or Praborgne. The reason of this change from Praborno to Zermatt is attributed to the gradual replacement of the Romance-speaking people by German-speaking colony.
The town of Zermatt lies at the southern end of the Matter Valley (German: Mattertal), which is one of the lateral branches of the grand Valley of the Rhône. Zermatt is almost completely surrounded by the high mountains of the Pennine Alps including Monte Rosa (specifically its tallest peak, named Dufourspitze), Switzerland's highest peak at 4,634 metres (15,203 ft) above sea level. It is followed by the Dom (4,545 m [14,911 ft]), Liskamm (4,527 m [14,852 ft]), Weisshorn (4,505 m [14,780 ft]) and the Matterhorn (4,478 m [14,692 ft]). Most of the Alpine four-thousanders are located around Zermatt or in the neighbouring valleys.
Zermatt is traversed by the main river of the valley: the Matter Vispa, which rises at the glaciers at the feet of the highest peaks: the Gorner Glacier on the east side near Monte Rosa and the Zmutt Glacier on the west side between Dent d'Hérens and Dent Blanche.
The town of Zermatt, while dense, is geographically small. There are three main streets which run along the banks of the Matter Vispa, and numerous cross-streets, especially around the station and the church which forms the centre of Zermatt. In general anything is at most a thirty-minute walk away. There are several "suburbs" within Zermatt. Winkelmatten/Moos, which was once a separate hamlet, lies on a hill (1,670 m [5,480 ft]) on the southern side. Steinmatten is located on the eastern bank of the main river.
Many hamlets are located in the valleys above Zermatt, however they are not usually inhabited all year round. Zum See (1,766 m [5,794 ft]) lies south of Zermatt on the west bank of the Gorner gorge, near Furi where a cable car station is located (1,867 m [6,125 ft]). On the side of Zmutt valley (west of Zermatt) lies the hamlet of Zmutt (1,936 m [6,352 ft]), north of the creek Zmuttbach. Findeln (2,051 m [6,729 ft]) is located in the eastern valley above the creek Findelbach. It lies below the Sunnegga station (2,278 m [7,474 ft]). Located near a train station of the Gornergratbahn, Riffelalp (2,222 m [7,290 ft]) is one of the highest hamlets with a chapel.
Zermatt had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 242.91 km2 (93.79 sq mi). Of this area, about 9.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 85.2% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 54 ha (130 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 160 ha (400 acres).
Climate
Zermatt has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc). Summertime is cool in Zermatt, with mild days and cool nights, while winter is cold and snowy, with highs around freezing and annual snowfall averaging 128 inches (325 cm).
Tourism
The village was "discovered" by mid-nineteenth-century British mountaineers, most notably Edward Whymper, whose summit of the Matterhorn made the village famous. The Matterhorn was one of the last alpine mountains to be summitted (in 1865), and the first expedition that reached the top ended dramatically with only 3 of the 7 climbers surviving the descent. The story is related in the Matterhorn Museum.
Zermatt is a starting point for hikes into the mountains, including the Haute Route that leads to Chamonix in France and the Patrouille des Glaciers. Cable cars and chair lifts carry skiers in the winter and hikers in the summer; the highest of them leads to the Klein Matterhorn at 3,883 m (12,740 ft), a peak on the ridge between Breithorn and Matterhorn that offers extensive views in all directions. It is possible to cross into Italy via the Cervinia cable car station. A rack railway line (the Gornergratbahn, the highest open-air railway in Europe) runs up to the summit of the Gornergrat at 3,089 m (10,135 ft). Zermatt is also the western terminus for the Glacier Express rail service connecting to St. Moritz and the MGB (Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn). Together with eleven other towns Zermatt is a member of the community Best of the Alps.
Transport
To prevent air pollution that could obscure the town's view of the Matterhorn, the entire town is a combustion-engine car-free zone. Almost all vehicles in Zermatt are battery driven and almost completely silent. Electric vehicles are allowed for local commerces. The Cantonal police can issue a permit which allows residents to drive and park at the northern outskirts and for the permission to bring combustion-engine vehicles in to the town such as construction vehicles. Emergency and municipal vehicles, (fire trucks, ambulances, police etc.) generally use combustion engines, although even some of these are non-combustion (garbage trucks, etc.).
Passenger vehicles operating within Zermatt include tiny electric shuttles provided by hotels to carry visitors from the main train station (or the taxi transfer point just outside town) to the hotel properties, "electro" taxis operated by four major Zermatt families, and "electro" buses, which serve two routes: one between the major hotel areas and the stations of the various ski-lifts, and the other following a similar route but also serving the more rural "suburb" of Winkelmatten. Horse-drawn carriages can also be found; some are operated by hotels and others are available for hire.
Most visitors reach Zermatt by the rack-assisted railway train from the nearby town of Täsch (Zermatt shuttle). Trains also depart for Zermatt from farther down the valley at Visp and Brig, which are on the main Swiss rail network. The town also has a heliport (ICAO: LSEZ) and a local helicopter operator, Air Zermatt, which also provides alpine rescue services.
In 2007, a project group was formed to evaluate options for development of the local transportation network (as the "electro" buses do not have enough capacity). The results of this study are published in the December 2007 edition of Zermatt Inside. The six options explored are a coaster, a funicular, a metro, moving sidewalks, a gondola and more "electro" buses.
In 2019 work started to improve access on the Kirchbrücke – one of the most popular places to photograph the Matterhorn. The viewing area will be widened to keep tourists off the road and away from electric vehicles. The project should be complete by autumn 2019.
Skiing in Zermatt
Zermatt is known throughout the world for its skiing, especially Triftji for its moguls. The high altitude results in consistent skiing continuously throughout the summer.
Skiing in Zermatt is split up into four areas: Sunnegga, Gornergrat, Klein Matterhorn and Schwarzsee. There is also a connection to Cervinia and Valtournenche in Italy through the Plateau Rosa glacier.
In 2008, Zermatt hosted an "Infinity Downhill Race". The race took place on 13 and 14 December and comprised a course descending from the Matterhorn Glacier Paradise (3,800 m (12,500 ft)) and finished in Zermatt itself (1,600 m (5,200 ft)). The course was 20 kilometres (12 miles) long and featured a 2,200 metres (7,218 feet) descent.
Sunnegga
The Sunnegga Paradise is accessed via the SunneggaExpress funicular railway, followed by a gondola to Blauherd and finally a cable car onwards to the Rothorn (3,103 m) above. The topography of the mountain and the valley tends to keep the Rothorn clear and sunny, even when Zermatt is submerged in cloud.
From Blauherd there is a gondola down to Gant, and from there a connecting cablecar goes to Hohtälli. This cable car and the newer 4-seat chairlift Sunnegga-Findeln-Breitboden provide connections between Sunnegga and Gornergrat. With few steep slopes, this mountain is often used to train younger skiers.
Gornergrat
The Gornergrat is served by the Gornergrat railway, a 29-minute ride to the Gornergrat peak (3,089 m), via Riffelalp, Rotenboden and Riffelberg, (with limited stops at Findelbach and Landtunnel just above Zermatt). At the summit, the hotel and restaurant have been refurbished and accommodate a shopping centre. Riffelalp station is linked to Riffelalp Resort by a short tramway line named Riffelalptram.
A cable car heads up from Hohtälli to the Rote Nase (3,247 m). This final lift serves a freeride area but can be unreliable as this mountainside requires good snow cover to be skiable. The lifts in this area generally open for the season in late February or early March – cablecar is now permanently closed, with no replacement lift planned. A new slope leading back from Hohtälli to Kellensee just under the Gornergrat replaced this lift to maintain the link from the Rothorn to Gornergrat.
Klein Matterhorn / Schwarzsee
Near the southern end of Zermatt, the Matterhorn Express gondola transports passengers up to the interchange station at Furi. From here there is access to Schwarzsee via a gondola to the right, a cable car that leads on to the Trockener Steg midstation (and then on to the Klein Matterhorn); and a new gondola, opened on 18 December 2006, links Furi to Riffelberg on the Gornergrat mountain. This lift addresses one of the most persistent criticisms of Zermatt: that it is very difficult to ski the two sides of the valley without a tiresome trek through Zermatt between the Gornergratbahn and the Matterhorn Express at opposite ends of the town.
Testa Grigia at the top of the Theodul Pass serves as a connection to the Italian ski-resorts of Cervinia and Valtournenche. From the Swiss side it is reachable by skilift only, but from the Italian side by a chairlift and by a cablecar. In March 2019 it was announced that a new lift – the 'Alpine Crossing' – will connect Testa Grigia and Klein Matterhorn from spring 2021. There are customs offices here as well as a small alpine museum.
Zermatt is marketed as an all-year skiing resort, with summer skiing limited to the Theodul Glacier behind the Klein Matterhorn. Whilst strictly true, during the off season in May and June there will tend to be only one or two runs open, and the main glacier area does not open until July.
In operation since 25 October 2003, the Furggsattel six-seater chairlift has twelve (of eighteen) masts that stand directly on the glacial ice of the Theodul Glacier – a first for Switzerland.
The new CHF52 million 3S Glacier Ride Cable Car from the resort to Klein Matterhorn was opened on 29 September 2018. It has an uplift capacity of 2000 people per hour and takes just 9 minutes to reach the top using 25 cabins, each with 28 seats.
History of the lift system
1898 Start of summer operation of Gornergratbahn.
1928 Gornergrat Bahn introduces a twice-daily winter sports service to Riffelalp.
1939 Development of Theodul area from Breuil Cervinia to Testa Grigia.
1942 Zermatt-Sunnegga skilift (summer: foot lift, replaced by chairlift in 1967).
1946 Weisti trainer skilift (moved to Riffelberg in 1969). Zermatt-Sunnegga sideways-facing chairlift (replaced by funicular in 1980).
1947 Sunnegga-Blauherd skilift (replaced by cable car in 1967).
1955 Cableway Plan Maison-Furgghorn (discontinued 1992).
1956 Suspension lift Gornergrat-Hohtälli (Discontinued in the summer of 2007). Skilift Riffelberg (replaced by chairlift in 2003). Skilift Furi (discontinued 1960). Chairlift Findeln-Sunegga (due to be replaced in the summer of 2007).
1957 Suspension lift Zermatt-Furi.
1958 Suspension lift Hohtälli-Stockhorn (due to be discontinued in the summer of 2007). Furi-Schwarzsee suspension lift (replaced by cable car lift 2002).
1960 Skilift Garten (discontinued 2003).
1962 Suspension lift Furgg-Schwarzsee (replaced by group turnaround lift in 1991).
1963 Skilift Hornli.
1964 Suspension lift Furi-Furgg (replaced by Matterhorn Express in 2002). Theodullift (replaced by extension of Gandegglift 2003). Skilift Triftji-RoteNase
1965 Furgg-Trockener Steg suspension lift. Skilift National (replaced by chairlift Patrullarve 1989).
1967 Cable car lift Sunnegga-Blauherd (replaced by combi system in 2005). Suspension lift Blauherd-Rothorn (replaced in 1996). Skilift Furggsattel (replaced by a chairlift in 2003). Skilift Eisfluh (replaced by chairlift in 2001). Passlift (replaced by extension to Gandegglift 2003).
1968 Platform skilift Kumme (replaced by chairlift 1982). Skilift Gandegg (extended and renovated in 2003).
1971 Cable Car Gant-Blauherd. Skilift Gant-Platte (discontinued 2002). Skilift Riffelberg-Gifthittli (replaced by chairlift in 2003). Skilift Testa Grigia I.
1979 Cable Car Trockener Steg-Klein Matterhorn.
1980 Funicular Zermatt-Sunnegga. Skilift Testa Grigia II (moved to Plateau Rosa III 2005). Border skilift (Gobba di Rollin/Plateau Breithorn). Skilift Plateau Rosa I.
1982 Built: Suspension lift Furi-Trockener Steg. Cable car Zermatt-Furi. Chairlift Kumme-Rothorn.
1984 Joint skipass in Zermatt.
1986 Suspension lift Hohtälli-Rote Nase.
1989 Chairlift Patrullarve-Blauherd.
1991 Chairlift Furgg-Sandiger Boden-Theodul Glacier. Skilift Plateau Rosa II. Group turnaround lift Furgg-Schwazsee.
1995 Joint skipass Zermatt-Cervinia.
1996 Suspension lift Blauherd-Rothorn.
1997 T-bar Grenzlift built at Klein Matterhorn; highest lift in Europe. (Still in service)
1998 Suspension lift Gant-Hohtälli.
1999 Electronic ticketing system introduced.
2001 Chairlift Eisfluh-Sunnegga (replacing tow lift).
2002 Merger of Zermatt Bergbahnen. Cable car lifts Matterhorn Express (Zermatt-Furi-Schwarzsee).
2003 Chairlift Furggsattel Gletscherbahn (Trockener Steg – Furggsattel). Chairlift Gifthittli (Rifelberg – Gifthittli).
2005 Combi system (gondola/chairlift) Sunnegga-Blauherd. Passenger lift funicular-Riedweg (discontinued 2007).
2006 Suspension lift Furi-Schweigmatten-Riffelberg (Riffelberg Express).
2007 End of operations of the Gornergrat – Hohtälli Cable Car.
2007 End of operations of the Hohtälli – Stockhorn cable car, replaced by a 2 t-bar lifts (Stockhorn and Triftji) in 2008.
2007 Clearing of the skitunnel at Riffelberg, next to Gifthittli lift, increasing the capacity of this slope.
2007 Four-seat chairlift Sunnegga-Findeln/Eja and Findeln/Eja-Breitboden opened after construction.
2015 Bubble-Chairlift S.B. Hirli opens. (Stafel/Joscht- Hirli)
2016 Hublot-Express service Gant-Blauherd opens.
2017-2018 Blauherd-Rothorn Cable car temporarily out of service due to unstable ground foundations around Tower 1.
2018 Kumme-Rothorn chairlift destroyed by avalanche.
2018 Avalanche destroys T-bar Triftji-Rote Nase.
2018 Stockhorn T-bar destroyed in Avalanche.
2018 The world highest 3S cableway is inaugurated
2019 Blauherd – Rothorn Cable Car back in service after summer construction work.
2020 Kumme Gondola (replacing chairlift 1982)
Developments
The Zermatt Bergbahnen's website mentions a few projects for the following years:
c. 2024 Breitboden – Rosenritz high speed chairlift (new)
Unknown ETA new Cable Car Zermatt – Furi (replacing current cable car)
c.2022 New Gondola system Hohtalli – Rote Nase – Stockhorn (putting Stockhorn in service for the first time in 8 years)
Unknown ETA High-Speed Furgg-Garten Chairlift (replacing very slow current lift Furgg-Sandiger Boden)
In March 2019 Zermatt Bergbahnen announced plans for a new 3S 'Alpine Crossing' between Cervinia and Zermatt. It is planned to open in Spring 2021.
As well as several changes to the slopes, and the placement of new snowmaking installations.
Economy
About half of the jobs in Zermatt are in the hotel and restaurant industry.
As of 2012, there were a total of 6,370 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 42 people worked in 19 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 521 workers in 68 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 5,807 jobs in 736 businesses. In 2013 a total of 13.7% of the population received social assistance.
In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 4,261. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 538 of which 83 or (15.4%) were in manufacturing and 385 (71.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,703. In the tertiary sector, 531 or 14.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 477 or 12.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 2,178 or 58.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 38 or 1.0% were in the information industry, 54 or 1.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 116 or 3.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 56 or 1.5% were in education and 87 or 2.3% were in health care.
In 2000, there were 744 workers who commuted into the municipality and 89 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 8.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[36] Of the working population, 7.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 2.6% used a private car.
(Wikipedia)
Zermatt ([tsɛrˈmat]) ist eine politische Gemeinde und eine Burgergemeinde mit einem Burgerrat im Bezirk Visp sowie eine Pfarrgemeinde des Dekanats Visp im Schweizer Kanton Wallis. Bevölkerungsmässig ist Zermatt nach Visp zweitgrösster Ort im Bezirk Visp und liegt im Mattertal auf einer Höhe von circa 1610 m am Nordostfuss des Matterhorns. Zermatt ist ein Bergsteigerzentrum und dank dem Matterhorn und seinem Wintersport- und Wandergebiet ein bekannter Ferienort der Schweiz.
Der frühere Name Praborgne (französisch), abgeleitet vom ursprünglichen lateinischen Namen Pratobornum, wird nicht mehr verwendet.
Geographie
Lage
it einer Fläche von 243,4 km² gehört Zermatt zu den grössten Schweizer Gemeinden. Das Areal umfasst 1,3 km² Bauzone, 9,4 km² Wald, 10,0 km² Landwirtschaftszone (inkl. Alpweiden) und 183,0 km² Naturschutzzonen. Der höchste Punkt ist mit 4634 m ü. M. die Dufourspitze im Monte-Rosa-Massiv. Der tiefste Punkt auf 1524 m ü. M. liegt im Bachbett des Talflusses Mattervispa an der Grenze zur unterhalb liegenden Nachbargemeinde Täsch nahe der Flur mit dem Namen Schlangengrube. Das weite Hochtal ist im Osten von der Bergkette Rimpfischhorn – Strahlhorn – Jägerhorn – Dufourspitze – Signalkuppe begrenzt, im Süden von der Reihe Lyskamm – Castor und Pollux – Breithorn – Klein Matterhorn und westlich des Theodulpasses von Matterhorn – Dent d’Hérens – Tête Blanche. Im Westen liegen zwischen dem Tal des Zmuttbachs und dem Val d’Anniviers die Höhenzüge von Dent Blanche, Ober Gabelhorn und Zinalrothorn.
Das Zermatter Gemeindegebiet grenzt an Italien. Der Übergang über den Theodulpass nach Valtournenche ist wegen der Eisbedeckung nur für Fussgänger und Skifahrer passierbar.
Gewässer
Der Hauptfluss im Tal ist die Mattervispa, die durch den Ortskern von Zermatt fliesst. Sie entsteht durch die Vereinigung des vom Zmuttgletscher kommenden Zmuttbachs, der vom Gornergletscher kommenden Gornera, des vom Triftgletscher kommenden Triftbachs und des vom Findelgletscher durch die Findelschlucht fliessenden Findelbachs. Bei Stalden bildet die Mattervispa zusammen mit der Saaservispa die Vispa, die bei Visp in den Rotten (Rhône) mündet.
Die Gornera nimmt südlich von Furi den Furggbach auf, der am Furgggletscher unter der Ostwand des Matterhorns und unter dem Oberen Theodulgletscher entspringt. Der Bach Balmbrunnen fliesst vom Hohtälligrat über die Alp Breitboden in den Findelbach. Vom Mettelhorn rauscht der Luegelbach durch die steile Runse neben dem Wisshorn[6] zur Mattervispa hinunter.
Am Zmuttbach liegt der von 1961 bis 1964 gebaute Stausee Zmutt, der als Wasserfassung für die Stauhaltung des Grande-Dixence-Systems dient. Das Wasser wird mit Pumpstationen bei Zmutt und Stafel ins Dixence-Tal geleitet.
Berge
22 Schweizer Hauptgipfel über 4000 Meter liegen ganz oder teilweise auf Zermatter Gebiet:
Dufourspitze (Monte Rosa), 4634 m ü. M., der höchste Berg der Schweiz
Nordend (Monte Rosa), 4609 m ü. M.
Zumsteinspitze (Monte Rosa), 4563 m ü. M.
Signalkuppe (Monte Rosa), 4554 m ü. M.
Liskamm (manchmal Lyskamm), Ostgipfel, 4527 m ü. M.
Liskamm (Lyskamm), Westgipfel, 4479 m ü. M.
Matterhorn, 4478 m ü. M.
Parrotspitze (Monte Rosa), 4432 m ü. M.
Dent Blanche, 4356 m ü. M.
Ludwigshöhe (Monte Rosa), 4341 m ü. M.
Castor (Zwillinge), 4228 m ü. M.
Zinalrothorn (Weisshorngruppe), 4221 m ü. M.
Rimpfischhorn (Mischabel), 4199 m ü. M.
Strahlhorn (Mischabel), 4190 m ü. M.
Dent d’Hérens, 4171 m ü. M.
Breithorn-Westgipfel, 4164 m ü. M.
Breithorn-Mittelgipfel, 4159 m ü. M.[9]
Westlicher Breithornzwilling, 4139 m ü. M.
Gendarm (östlicher Breithornzwilling), 4106 m ü. M.
Pollux (Zwillinge), 4092 m ü. M.
Schwarzfluh (Breithorn), 4075 m ü. M.
Ober Gabelhorn (Weisshorngruppe), 4063 m ü. M.
Weitere markante Berge im Gemeindegebiet sind das Oberrothorn (3414 m ü. M.), das Stockhorn (3532 m ü. M.), das Äbihorn (3473 m ü. M.), das Untere Gabelhorn (3392 m ü. M.), das Theodulhorn (3468 m ü. M.),[10] das Riffelhorn (2928 m ü. M.) und das Mettelhorn (3406 m ü. M.).
Gletscher
In den hoch gelegenen Tälern von Zermatt liegen viele, zum Teil trotz dem andauernden Schwund noch recht grosse Gletscher. Zusammen mit allen Seitengletschern bedeckt das Gletschersystem des Gornergletschers eine Fläche von 68 km², was nach dem Aletschgletscher die zweitgrösste zusammenhängende Gletscherfläche der Alpen darstellt.
Liste der Zermatter Gletscher:
Findelgletscher
Triftjigletscher
Gornergletscher
Adlergletscher
Monte-Rosa-Gletscher
Grenzgletscher
Zwillingsgletscher
Schwärzegletscher
Breithorngletscher
Theodulgletscher mit Plateau Rosa
Furgggletscher
Tiefmattengletscher
Zmuttgletscher
Matterhorngletscher
Stockjigletscher
Schönbielgletscher
Hohwänggletscher
Arbengletscher
Gabelhorngletscher
Triftgletscher
Rothorngletscher
Bodengletscher
Klima
Durch die hohen Berge, welche in den Hauptwetterrichtungen die Niederschläge abschirmen, sowie das allgemein hohe Geländeniveau ist das Klima für die Höhe und die geographische Breite mild und niederschlagsarm. Die Waldgrenze liegt auf hohen 2'200 bis 2300 m und damit im mittel- und südeuropäischen Spitzenbereich. Die durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge im Dorf beträgt rund 700 mm pro Jahr. Die umgebenden Berge, insbesondere entlang der italienischen Grenze, sind – relativ zur Höhe – deutlich kälter und niederschlagsreicher. Auf der Signalkuppe des Monte Rosa beträgt der durchschnittliche Jahresniederschlag 4100 mm.
Für die Normalperiode 1991–2020 betrug die Jahresmitteltemperatur 4,7 °C, wobei im Januar mit −3,9 °C die kältesten und im Juli mit 13,7 °C die wärmsten Monatsmitteltemperaturen gemessen werden. Im Mittel sind hier rund 171 Frosttage und 42 Eistage zu erwarten. Sommertage gibt es im Jahresmittel 8 bis 9, während im Schnitt alle 10 Jahre ein Hitzetag zu verzeichnen ist. Die Messstation von MeteoSchweiz liegt auf einer Höhe von 1638 m ü. M.
Siedlungen
Auf dem Gebiet von Zermatt liegen die Weiler Findeln, Tuftern, Winkelmatten, Blatten, Zum See und Zmutt, meist mit eigenen Kapellen. Früher wurden sie als Sommersiedlungen benutzt. Heute sind sie beliebte Touristenziele.
Sprache
Zermatt ist noch vor Salurn in Südtirol der südlichste Ort des geschlossenen deutschen Sprachraumes (als deutsche Sprachinsel liegen lediglich die Lystaler Orte Gressoney und Issime weitere 20 km bis 30 km südlich).
Geschichte
Neuere archäologische Grabungen in einem Felsabri auf der Alp Hermetje förderten menschliche Spuren aus der Mittel- und Jungsteinzeit (ab 9000 v. Chr. und 5500–2200 v. Chr.) zutage. In den Hubelwäng am Fuss des Unteren Gabelhorns belegen fünf prähistorische Schalensteine am alten Handelsweg die frühe Anwesenheit von Menschen, während römische Münzfunde auf dem Theodulpass und spätmittelalterliche Münz- und Waffenfunde am Gletscherrand beim Trockenen Steg die Benützung dieses Alpenübergangs in Antike und Spätmittelalter bezeugen. In den 1880er Jahren wurde bei Fundamentarbeiten für das Hotel Monte Rosa eine latènezeitliche Topfwerkstätte entdeckt, in der Gefässe aus Chloritschiefer gehöhlt wurden. In den 1990er Jahren wurde im Furi eine ähnliche Werkstatt aus der jüngeren Eisenzeit (380–120 v. Chr.) freigelegt.
1280 wird Zermatt erstmals als Pratobornum erwähnt, was als «Matte im Quellgebiet» (von mittelhochdeutsch mat/mate «Wiese»; vgl. auch Alm (Bergweide)) oder «Matte in den Grenzmarken» übersetzt werden kann. Zermatt ist eine Tochterpfarrei von St. Niklaus. Die Pfarrgemeinde von Zermatt wird in einer Urkunde vom 25. April 1285 erwähnt. Eine Dorfkapelle wurde ca. 1290 errichtet. Zwischen dem 15. und 17. Jahrhundert kauften sich die Zermatter von verschiedenen Feudalherren frei.
Wichtige Handelswege führten im Mittelalter via Zermatt über den Theodulpass nach Italien. Münzfunde belegen, dass dieser Weg schon zu Zeiten der Römer im 1. bis 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. benutzt wurde. Die Münzen kann man heute im Matterhorn-Museum Zermatlantis besichtigen. Als sich die Gletscher während der Wärmephase um 1000 bis 1300 weit zurückgezogen hatten, war der Theodulpass auch auf der Nordseite eisfrei. Aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stammen die teilweise gepflasterten Saumwege, deren Überreste heute noch zu sehen sind.
Erste Naturforscher kamen um 1780 nach Zermatt. Ein bescheidener Fremdenbesuch setzte nach 1820 ein, ab 1838 gab es eine Gastherberge.] Zwischen 1850 und 1860 wurde eine mit Kutschen befahrbare Strasse zwischen Zermatt und St. Niklaus erstellt. 1852 wurde das erste kleine Hotel eröffnet. Der Gommer Bauernsohn Alexander Seiler I. eröffnete 1855 das Hotel Monte Rosa und begründete sein Hotelimperium. Ein Hotel auf dem Riffelberg wurde 1854 gebaut. 1858 folgte die Gründung einer Bergführergesellschaft in Zermatt, die 1860 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Im Jahre 1873 kam es dann zur Gründung der Führergesellschaft Zermatt St. Niklaus. Ein weiterer Tourismuspionier war Joseph Anton Clemenz, der 1852 das Mont Cervin eröffnete und es 15 Jahre später an Seiler verkaufte.
1865 gelang dem Engländer Edward Whymper die Erstbesteigung des Matterhorns. Dies war der Startschuss für den Aufstieg zum weltberühmten Touristenort.
1891 wurde die Bahnstrecke von Visp nach Zermatt der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn für den Sommerbetrieb eröffnet. 1898 folgte die Bahn auf den Gornergrat.
Im Januar 1902 organisierte Hermann Seiler als Präsident der Sektion Monte Rosa des Schweizer Alpen-Clubs in und bei Zermatt den ersten Skikurs in der Schweiz.
Von Zermatt aus gelang im September 1903 Luftschiffer Eduard Spelterini und Hermann Seiler zusammen mit einer dritten Person die erste Überfliegung der Hochalpen im Ballon.
Am 31. Dezember 1927 liess Hermann Seiler 180 eingeladene englische Sommerstammgäste in St. Niklaus mit 50 Schlitten abholen und nach Zermatt fahren. Mit dem Abschluss der Schutzbauten Ende Oktober 1933 konnte die heutige Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn den ganzjährigen fahrplanmässigen Betrieb bis nach Zermatt aufnehmen, wie er bereits seit 1928 bis St. Niklaus bestand, Voraussetzung für reguläre Wintersaisons in Zermatt. Bereits 1944 besuchten erstmals mehr Gäste im Winter als im Sommer Zermatt.
Im März 1963 grassierte in Zermatt eine Typhusepidemie mit über 400 Erkrankten und drei Toten.
Die 1968 gegründete Air Zermatt errichtete am Dorfeingang einen Heliport.
Durch den Tourismus ist Zermatt im Lauf der Zeit stark gewachsen. Das typische Bild eines Walliser Bergdorfs ist nur noch im Ortskern und bei den ausserhalb gelegenen Weilern zu finden, während im Tal ausgedehnte Feriensiedlungen entstanden sind.
Zermatt ist eine autofreie Gemeinde, die Strasse darf ab Täsch nur mit entsprechender Bewilligung befahren werden. In Zermatt werden Transportaufgaben von speziell bewilligten kommerziellen Elektrofahrzeugen oder Pferdetaxen übernommen. 124 Hotels sowie zahlreiche Gästebetten in Ferienwohnungen bieten über 17'500 Gästen Platz.
81,3 % der Einwohner gehören der Römisch-katholischen Kirche an, 9,2 % der Evangelisch-reformierten Kirche, 5,4 % gehören einer anderen Konfession an, und 4,1 % sind konfessionslos.
Tourismus
Wintersportgebiete
Das Wintersportgebiet um Zermatt gliedert sich in die drei Bereiche Matterhorn glacier paradise/Schwarzsee paradise, «Gornergrat» und Sunegga paradise/Rothorn paradise. Seit dem Bau der neuen Verbindungsbahn Furi–Riffelberg im Sommer 2006 sind die drei Skigebiete (Matterhorn ski paradise) miteinander verbunden. Mit dem angegliederten Gebiet von Breuil-Cervinia (Italien) stehen dem Wintersportler 63 Bergbahnen und 257 Pistenkilometer zur Verfügung. Die längste Abfahrt vom Kleinen Matterhorn nach Zermatt ist ca. 15 km lang und hat eine Höhendifferenz von 2'279 m.
Die Fahrt mit der Seilbahn von der Mittelstation auf dem Trockenen Steg zum Matterhorn glacier paradise (Klein Matterhorn) führt auf eine Höhe von 3820 m ü. M. Die am höchsten gelegene Bergstation wurde erst Ende der 1970er Jahre erbaut, nachdem die Bergbahngesellschaft die Konzession schon Ende der 1960er Jahre erhalten hatte. Ein Aufzug führt von der Bergstation zum Gipfel des Kleinen Matterhorns. Kurze Zeit später wäre das Projekt wohl kaum mehr realisierbar gewesen, was die Gemeinde Saas-Fee mit ihrem Projekt zum Feechopf (3888 m ü. M.) erfahren musste.
Über einen Personenlift gelangt man auf den Gipfel des Klein Matterhorns (höchster Aussichtspunkt Europas) auf 3883 m ü. M. Das Panorama reicht von den Schweizer Alpen über die französischen Alpen bis in die italienische Po-Ebene. Das Gebiet Matterhorn glacier paradise ist Kern des Sommerskigebiets von Zermatt.
Das Gebiet des Gornergrats wird durch die Gornergratbahn, eine der ältesten elektrischen Gebirgs-Zahnradstrecken der Schweiz, erschlossen. Ungefähr auf halber Strecke befindet sich bei der Station Riffelalp der Ausgangspunkt des Riffelalptrams, der (nur im Sommer betriebenen) höchstgelegenen Strassenbahn Europas von der Bahnstation zum Fünf-Sterne-Hotel Riffelalp Resort 2222 m. Am Endpunkt der Bahn auf dem Gornergrat befinden sich ein Hotel, eine Sternwarte sowie ein Aussichtspunkt mit Panoramablick auf den Gornergletscher und das Monte-Rosa-Massiv.
Sommerskigebiet
Das Sommerskigebiet von Zermatt ist das grösste und höchstgelegene in Europa. Je nach Schneeverhältnissen stehen bis zu 20 km Pisten zur Verfügung. Die längste Abfahrt hat eine Länge von 7 km. Das Sommerskigebiet erstreckt sich vom Trockenen Steg über den Theodulgletscher zur Testa Grigia oberhalb des Theodulpasses, weiter über das Plateau Rosa bis zum Klein Matterhorn. Die Gobba di Rollin, welche einige hundert Meter südlich des Kleinen Matterhorns, dicht an der Grenze zu Italien, liegt, ist mit einer Höhe von 3899 m ü. M. der höchste Punkt eines europäischen Skigebiets. Sie ist nur im Sommer mit Skiliften erreichbar. Im Frühling und Herbst ist ausserdem die Gletscherbahn zum Furggsattel geöffnet. Das Sommerskigebiet wird von vielen Skinationalmannschaften für das Sommertraining genutzt. Seit einigen Jahren wird zusammen mit Saas-Fee ein Kombiticket für Sommer-Skiurlauber angeboten. Die Fahrzeit von Täsch nach Saas-Fee beträgt circa 40 Minuten.
Zermatt ist neben dem Hintertuxer Gletscher das einzige Skigebiet der Alpen, in dem 365 Tage im Jahr Skibetrieb herrscht.
Langlauf
Zermatt selbst hat keine Langlaufloipen. Die 15 km lange, wettkampferprobte Spur liegt unterhalb von Zermatt zwischen Täsch und Randa.[28] In den Jahren 1981 bis 1989 wurde achtmal der Zermatter Nachtlanglauf, ein 10-km-Skilanglaufrennen, in den Strassen von Zermatt durchgeführt.
Bergsteigen
Die touristische Entdeckung des Mattertals begann 1792 mit den Erstbesteigungen des Klein Matterhorns und des Theodulhorns durch den Genfer Gelehrten Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. Nicht weniger als 58 Erstbesteigungen und 47 Ersttraversierungen folgten in den Jahren 1855 bis 1894. 1855 erfolgte zum Beispiel die Erstbesteigung der Dufourspitze des Monte Rosa.[29] 1858 folgte die Gründung einer Bergführergesellschaft in Zermatt, die 1860 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Im Jahre 1873 kam es dann zur Gründung der Führergesellschaft Zermatt St. Niklaus.[19] 1865 erfolgte die Erstbesteigung des Matterhorns. 1931 wurde die Matterhorn-Nordwand erstmals erfolgreich durchstiegen.
Die Haute Route ist eine internationale, hochalpine, mehrtägige Wander- und Skidurchquerung über 180 Kilometer vom Mont-Blanc-Massiv bei Chamonix, Frankreich, durch die Walliser Alpen bis nach Zermatt. Sie führt über verschiedene Gletscher und hohe Bergübergänge und etappenweise zu Berghütten wie der Bertolhütte und der Schönbielhütte.
Wandern
Zermatt bietet ein Wanderwegnetz von mehr als 400 km in allen Talgebieten an. Von Saas-Fee über Grächen (Höhenweg Balfrin) und über Gasenried nach Zermatt (Europaweg) führt die regionale Wanderroute 27 «Swiss Tour Monte Rosa» von Wanderland Schweiz. Die ganze Wanderung dauert drei Tage, kann jedoch auch in einzelnen Etappen bewältigt werden. Die Tour ist nur für geübte und ausdauernde Wanderer zu empfehlen.
Berglauf
Zwischen 1982 und 2012 fand vom Bahnhof Zermatt (1605 m ü. M.) zum Zielpunkt Schwarzsee (2580 m ü. M.) der Matterhornlauf mit einer Streckenlänge von 14,34 km statt. Seit 2002 finden im Juli der Zermatt-Marathon (der von St. Niklaus über Zermatt auf den Riffelberg führt) und seit 2013 jeweils im August das Matterhorn Ultraks statt.
Skiberglauf
Seit 1943 führt die Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) von Zermatt nach Verbier. Eine 2010 gestartete Patrouille mit dem Zermatter Skibergsteiger Martin Anthamatten hält den Streckenrekord.
Skiweltcup
Ab der Saison 2022/23 sollten im Spätherbst im Rahmen des Saisonstarts des Alpinen Skiweltcups Abfahrtsläufe auf der neuen Gran-Becca-Rennstrecke stattfinden. Der Start des Matterhorn Cervino Speed Opening sollte leicht unterhalb der Gobba di Rollin in der Schweiz liegen, das Ziel liegt bei der Mittelstation Laghi Cime Bianche oberhalb von Cervinia in Italien. Präsidiert wird das lokale Organisationskomitee von Franz Julen, CEO des Matterhorn Cervino Speed Opening ist Christian Ziörjen. Die Rennen mussten wegen Schneemangels abgesagt werden, an der Wahl des Austragungsorts und dem Termin wurde erhebliche Kritik geübt.
Verkehr
Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB)
Wichtigster Zubringer in das von Autos mit Verbrennungsmotor befreite Zermatt ist die Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB). Sie entstand 2003 durch die Fusion der Furka-Oberalp-Bahn und der Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn. Die 35 km lange Bahnstrecke von Visp nach Zermatt wurde 1891 eröffnet. Das Teilstück Brig–Visp wurde erst 1930 gebaut. Auf ihrer Linie nach Visp, Brig-Glis, Andermatt und Disentis verkehrt auch der Glacier Express. Seit der Eröffnung 2007 des Lötschberg-Basistunnels der NEAT ist der Bahnhof Zermatt von Zürich aus mit Umsteigen auf die Schmalspurbahn im Bahnhof Visp in drei Stunden erreichbar.
Gornergratbahn
Direkt neben dem Bahnhof der MGB beginnt die Zahnradstrecke der Gornergratbahn (GGB), die auf den Gornergrat führt. 1896 wurde mit dem Bau der imposanten Ausflugsbahn begonnen. Da die Endstation Gornergrat auf einer Höhenlage von 3089 m ü. M. liegt, war die Bauzeit zwischen Schneeschmelze und dem Wintereinbruch äusserst kurz. Über 1000 Arbeiter kamen zum Einsatz – die meisten von ihnen waren, wie bei allen damaligen grossen Eisenbahnbauten der Schweiz, Italiener. Insgesamt waren während der zweijährigen Bauzeit rund 2400 Arbeiter beschäftigt.
Bahnstationen
Sunnegga, Blauherd, Grünsee, Rothorn, Findeln, Gant, Gornergrat, Riffelalp/Riffelberg/Rotenboden, Hohtälli, Stockhorn, Rote Nase, Furi, Trockener Steg, Klein Matterhorn, Gobba di Rollin, Plateau Rosa, Theodulpass/Testa Grigia, Gandegg, Schwarzsee, Furggsattel.
Chronik der Bergbahnen von Zermatt
1898: Eröffnung der Gornergratbahn (nur Sommerbetrieb)
1928: Die Gornergratbahn fährt erstmals auch im Winter
1942: Bau des ersten Skiliftes von Zermatt nach Sunnegga
1947: Bau der Sesselbahn Zermatt–Sunnegga
1955: Gründung der LZS (Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Schwarzsee)
1955/56: Bau der Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Furi–Schwarzsee
1958–1958: Bau der Luftseilbahn Gornergrat–Hohtälli–Stockhorn
1962: Bau der Luftseilbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee
1963: Bau des Skiliftes Hörnli
1963–1965: Bau der Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Furi–Furgg–Trockener Steg
1964: Gründung der Rothornbahn AG
1967: Bau der Gondelbahn Sunnegga–Blauherd und der Luftseilbahn Blauherd–Rothorn
1971: Bau der Gondelbahn Gant–Blauherd
1973: 17. Dezember. Definitive Bewilligung der Luftseilbahn auf das Kleine Matterhorn
1979: Eröffnung der Luftseilbahn auf das Kleine Matterhorn
1980: Eröffnung der ersten unterirdischen Standseilbahn der Schweiz Zermatt–Sunnegga (Sunneggatunnel)
1982: Bau der Sechser-Gondelbahn Zermatt–Furi und der Luftseilbahn Furi–Trockener Steg
1984: Als Folge eine Grossbrandes bei der Bergstation Neubau des Skiliftes Triftji nach Rote Nase
1986: Eröffnung der Luftseilbahn Hohtälli–Rote Nase
1989: Ersatz der Skilifte Sunnegga–Blauherd und Patrullarve–Blauherd durch eine Vierersesselbahn
1990: Bau Sessellift Furgg–Sandiger Boden–Theodulgletscher
1991: Eröffnung der Gruppen-Gondelbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee als Ersatz der alten Luftseilbahn
1996: Eröffnung der neuen Pendelbahn Blauherd–Rothorn als Ersatz der alten Luftseilbahn
1998: Eröffnung der Seilbahn Gant–Hohtälli
2002: Fusion Sunnegga-Express AG, Rothornbahn AG und Matterhornbahnen AG zur Bergbahn Zermatt AG, der grössten Bergbahnunternehmung der Schweiz[32]
2002: Eröffnung der Achter-Gondelbahn Matterhorn-Express Zermatt–Furi–Schwarzsee
2002: Eröffnung des Sessellifts Gifthittli
2003: Eröffnung des neuen Sessellifts Furggsattel. Die Furggsattel-Gletscherbahn ist die erste Sesselbahn, welche auf einem Schweizer Gletscher gebaut wurde. Sie ist die längste Gletschersesselbahn Europas. Die Bergstation stand beim Bau auf italienischem Boden; da als Grenze die höchste Linie des Grats definiert ist, der gratbildende Gletscher inzwischen jedoch weggeschmolzen ist und die Felskante nun die höchste Linie bildet, steht auch die Bergstation (und somit die ganze Bahn) inzwischen in der Schweiz.
2005: Eröffnung der Kombibahn (Gondel- und Sesselbahn) zwischen Sunnegga und Blauherd
2006: Eröffnung der Gondelbahn Riffelberg Express zwischen Furi und Riffelberg
2007: Eröffnung des Sessellifts Sunnegga–Findeln–Breitboden
2008: Rückbau der Luftseilbahn Gornergrat–Hohtälli–Stockhorn. An ihrer Stelle wurde eine Verbindungspiste vom Hohtälli nach Gifthittli gebaut. Um das Stockhorn neu zu erschliessen, wurde ein neuer Skilift erstellt.
2008: Bau eines vollautomatischen Crossliners von Sunnegga zum Anfängerpark am Leisee
2009: Bau der Verlängerung des Matterhorn-Express von Schwarzsee via Furgg auf Trockener Steg. Diese Bahn ersetzt die alte Gondelbahn von 1965 von Furgg nach Trockener Steg sowie die Gruppen-Gondelbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee. Mit der neuen Bahn ist der Trockene Steg in 25 Minuten ohne Umsteigen zu erreichen.
2010: Rückbau der oberen Sektion des Theodul-Express (Sandiger Boden–Theodulgletscher). Als Ersatz dient die Verlängerung des Matterhorn-Express, welche 2009 realisiert wurde.
2013: Erneuerung der Standseilbahn Zermatt-Sunnegga[33]
2015: 6er-Sesselbahn Joscht–Hirli als Ersatz für den Skilift Hörnli
2016: 6er-Sesselbahn Gant–Blauherd als Ersatz für die 4er-Gondelbahn
2016: Baubeginn der 3S-Bahn Klein Matterhorn als Ergänzung zur Pendelbahn
2018: Eröffnung der neuen 3S-Bahn-Umlaufbahn aufs Klein Matterhorn. Sie verbindet die Station Trockener Steg auf 2939 Metern Höhe mit dem Matterhorn glacier paradise auf 3821 Metern Höhe.
2020: Bau und Inbetriebnahme der autonomen Zehner-Gondelbahn Kumme. Sie verbindet Tufternkehr über die Mittelstation Wyss Gufer mit dem Rothorn.
Autofreies Zermatt
Die Strassen von Zermatt sind für den privaten Autoverkehr seit 1931 gesperrt. Das bestehende Fahrverbot wurde durch die Stimmberechtigten von Zermatt in den Jahren 1972 und 1986 bestätigt. Die 5 km lange Strasse zwischen Täsch und Zermatt darf nur mit einer Spezialbewilligung befahren werden, die an Einheimische, Gäste mit einer Zweitwohnung, Taxis, Versorgungs- und Rettungsfahrzeuge vergeben wird. Handlungen gegen das bestehende Verkehrsreglement sowie gegen rechtskräftige Verfügungen des Gemeinderates werden durch den Gemeinderat mit einer Busse bis zu 5'000 CHF bestraft, sofern die kantonale oder eidgenössische Gesetzgebung nicht eine höhere Busse vorsieht. Die Verkehrskapazität der Strasse ist inzwischen überschritten. Am 6. März 2005 stimmten die Stimmbürger von Zermatt einem Ausbau der Strassenverbindung zu. Seitdem prüfen die Gemeinde Zermatt und der Kanton Wallis die Sanierung und den Ausbau der Strasse. Mit dem Ausbau der Strasse wurde bisher noch nicht begonnen. Die Feriengäste müssen für die Dauer des Aufenthaltes ihre Wagen im grossen Parkhaus in Täsch abstellen, das über 2000 kostenpflichtige Parkplätze aufweist. Ausserdem werden rund 900 Parkplätze von Privatunternehmen angeboten, die einen 24-Stunden-Taxidienst nach Zermatt anbieten. Im Matterhorn-Terminal ist eine Umsteigeplattform auf die Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn integriert. Pendelzüge mit Niederflurwagen, die auch mit Gepäckkulis befahren werden können, verkehren im 20-Minuten-Takt nach Zermatt. In den Nächten zwischen Freitag und Sonntag verkehren die Züge im Stundentakt durchgehend.
Für den Transport der Skifahrer stehen in Zermatt seit Januar 1988 Elektrobusse in Betrieb. Diese bedienen auf einem Rundkurs von circa 4,5 km Länge sämtliche Talstationen der Zermatter Bergbahnen. Im Dezember 1991 wurde für die Erschliessung des Aussenquartiers Winkelmatten zusätzlich ein Klein-Elektrobus in Betrieb genommen. Das Passagieraufkommen zu den Spitzenzeiten im Winter ist gross. Je nach Bustyp finden 27, 50 oder 80 Passagiere Platz. Die Busdienstleistungen sind im Skiabonnement enthalten. Die Maximalgeschwindigkeit beträgt, wie für alle Fahrzeuge in Zermatt, 20 km/h.
Während Privatfahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotoren in Zermatt verboten sind, sind Elektroautos für gewerbliche Nutzung zugelassen, dürfen aber wie die Busse nur mit einer maximalen Geschwindigkeit von 20 km/h fahren. Von diesen mit Ausnahme der Elektrobusse kleinen und schmalen Elektroautos sind viele unterwegs als Transportfahrzeuge der Handwerker, als Lieferfahrzeuge der Supermärkte, Geschäfte, Gaststätten und Hotels sowie als Taxis oder Hotelzubringer, um Gäste und deren Gepäck vom Bahnhof abzuholen. Seit 1947 ist die Zahl der bewilligten Elektrofahrzeuge auf rund 500 angewachsen. In Verbindung mit dem vorhandenen Strassensystem führt die Fahrzeugnutzung inzwischen zu Verkehrsproblemen, denen durch Verkehrsberuhigungsmassnahmen begegnet werden soll. Zudem gibt es Kutschbetriebe.
Regelmässige Veranstaltungen
Das Zermatt Festival findet seit September 2005 statt und nimmt die Tradition der Zermatter Sommerkonzerte und Meisterkurse aus den 1950er und 1960er Jahren wieder auf. Zu den Veranstaltungsorten zählt unter anderem die Riffelalp Kapelle auf 2222 m ü. M. Gäste waren unter anderem die Berliner Philharmoniker.
Beim Musikfestival Zermatt Unplugged verwenden die Künstler ausschliesslich akustische Instrumente. Es hat erstmals 2007 stattgefunden und ist das einzige Festival dieser Art in Europa.
Das Folklore-Festival findet seit 1970 am zweiten Augustwochenende statt. Der Umzug am Samstagnachmittag umfasst um die 30 Gruppen.
(Wikipedia)
This liitle girl started doing cart wheels are the plaza, she was very entertaining. The 'Quarter of Santa Croce', Venice day 5 of our Cosmos tour, October 4, 2012.
Venice is a city in northeastern Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks.The city in its entirety is listed as a World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon.
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region. In 2009, there were 270,098 people residing in Venice's comune (the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 60,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazioni of Mestre and Marghera; 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), with a total population of 1,600,000. PATREVE is only a statistical metropolitan area without degree of autonomy.
The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city historically was the capital of the Venetian Republic. Venice has been known as the "La Dominante", "Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Masks", "City of Bridges", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals". Luigi Barzini described it in The New York Times as "undoubtedly the most beautiful city built by man". Venice has also been described by the Times Online as being one of Europe's most romantic cities.
The Republic of Venice was a major maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain, and spice) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history. It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi.
For More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice
On average, someone in the US will suffer a stroke every 40 seconds; someone will die from one every 4 minutes.
This is a photograph from both of the races in the 8th annual Longwood Village 10KM and 5KM Road Races and Fun Runs which were held in Longwood Village, Longwood, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 22nd October 2017 at 11:00. The races are held annually to support the development of the local GAA club while also supporting local charities. The race has support from Trim AC which sees the race have full AAI premit status. These races have grown steadily over the years and this year almost 400 participants to part in the two races. This is an impressive statistic given that a very large number of local runners will be preparing for the Dublin City marathon 7 days from now. However both races provide marathon runners and all other runners, joggers and walkers with an ideal opportunity to race on a very fair course in a beautiful rural setting. Barry Clarke of Longwood GAA and Trim AC and his very large group of volunteers deserve the highest of praise for the very high standard of organisation immediately apparent to anyone taking part in the race. Overall the whole day was a great success with the hard work put in by the organising committee ensuring that participants enjoyed their race experience. Both routes were accurately measured, kilometer points clearly marked, junctions well stewarded, and electronic timing provided. The event provided many local runners, joggers, fun runners and walkers with a local event to support whilst at the same time providing runners preparing for events such as the Dublin marathon with an opportunity to race a short, fast, distance in the lead up to marathon day. The GAA club provided excellent stewarding and traffic management all around the course. The race had a professional feel to it and it is sure to grow next year given the very positive feedback from many of the participants today. The weather in the week leading up to the race was hardly ideal with both Storm Ophelia and Storm Brian bringing windy and rainy conditions to Ireland all week. The weather for race day was more suitable for running. Dry, with a fresh breeze, the weather remained dry for both races with the sun making an appearance also.
We have an extensive set of photographs from all of the races today in the following Flickr Album: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157661720601468
Timing and event management was provided by PopUpRaces.ie. Results are available on their website at www.popupraces.ie/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2016: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157672030705623
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2015: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157660017638535
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2014: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157648845224981/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2013: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157636477484093/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2012: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157631820426332/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2011: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157627782257481/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2010: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157625058772687/
Longwood is a small village in South East Co. Meath and is close to the town of Enfield with access to the M4 Motorway.
5KM Course: The 5KM started in Longwood village. Runners then took a left turn in the Village down St. Oliver's Road. This straight section of road brings runners to a left turn onto a very well maintained boreen road for less than one kilometer. The race then emerges and joins with the 10KM at Stoneyford where the runners take a left and then another left before arriving back at the finish line in Longwood GAA club. Overall this is a very fast and flat 5KM with no hills to speak of.
10KM Course: The 10KM event begins in Longwood Village outside Dargan's Pub and proceeds westward out of the village. There are some interesting points along this part of the course. At the 2KM point the runners will run under the double bridges - an aquaduct for the Royal Canal and a bridge carrying the Dublin Sligo Railway line. The race then enters county Kildare just before the 3km and after taking a right turn at the four-cross roads known locally as Lally's Cross it returns to County Meath on top of the River Boyne Bridge (Ashfield Bridge) which forms the county boundary. The race follows a straight road for the next 2KM until runners encounter Blackshade bridge which is the toughest climb on the route. As a point of interest Blackshade bridge brings runners back over the Royal Canal and the Railway line. The race then crosses the River Boyne again at Stoneyford before taking a right which will bring runners on a testing two kilometer stretch with some short hills. The 10KM course then joins with the 5Km course for the final 1.5KM back to Longwood GAA club for the finish.
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
BUT..... Wait there a minute....
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.
This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TARGETS: MEASURING THE CONNECT 2020 AGENDA
BEXCO Conference Centre, Busan, Republic of Korea
© ITU/PH.Seung
O BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016 decorreu no Grande Auditório do ISCTE-IUL, a 19 de julho de 2016 e contou com a presença do Secretário de estado da Energia, Jorge Seguro Sanches. Fotografia de Hugo Alexandre Cruz.
Image from '[The Imperial Gazetteer; a general dictionary of geography, physical, political, statistical and descriptive ... Edited by W. G. Blackie ... With ... illustrations, etc.]', 000366689
Author: BLACKIE, Walter Graham.
Volume: 04
Page: 135
Year: 1874
Place: London
Publisher: Blackie & Son
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
Open the page in the British Library's itemViewer (page: 000135)
THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TARGETS: MEASURING THE CONNECT 2020 AGENDA
BEXCO Conference Centre, Busan, Republic of Korea
© ITU/PH.Seung
This is the new monument, unveiled on the 25th November 2008, to the Edinburgh-born physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), hailed as the greatest mathematical physicist since Newton.
The James Clerk Maxwell Statue is by Scottish sculptor Alexander Stoddart, and is located at the east end of George Street, Edinburgh.
Maxwell was responsible for the second great unification in physics, that of electricity and magnetism, after the first unification, by Newton, of terrestrial and celestial mechanics. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics (see Maxwell's demon).
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Maxwell was born at 14 India Street, at the other end of Edinburgh's New Town.
His experimentation with colour photography is less well known, but his photograph of a tartan ribbon is considered to have have been the first colour photograph.
This album also in the Collection: "The Physicists"
View this set as a slideshow
Schweiz / Wallis - Zermatt
Edelweissweg
Zermatt (German pronunciation: [t͡sɛʁˈmat]) is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a year-round population of about 5,800 and is classified as a town by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO).
It lies at the upper end of Mattertal at an elevation of 1,620 m (5,310 ft), at the foot of Switzerland's highest peaks. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the over 3,292 m (10,801 ft) high Theodul Pass bordering Italy. Zermatt is the southernmost commune of the German Sprachraum.
Zermatt is famed as a mountaineering and ski resort of the Swiss Alps. Until the mid-19th century, it was predominantly an agricultural community; the first and tragic ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 was followed by a rush on the mountains surrounding the village, leading to the construction of many tourist facilities. The year-round population (as of December 2020) is 5,820, though there may be several times as many tourists in Zermatt at any one time. Much of the local economy is based on tourism, with about half of the jobs in town in hotels or restaurants and just under half of all apartments are vacation apartments. Just over one-third of the permanent population was born in the town, while another third moved to Zermatt from outside Switzerland.
Etymology
The name of Zermatt, as well as that of the Matterhorn itself, derives from the alpine meadows, or matten (in German), in the valley. The name appeared first as Zur Matte ("at the meadow") and became later Zermatt. It does not appear until 1495 on a map or 1546 in a text, but may have been employed long before.
Praborno or Prato Borno (Prato also means meadow) are the older names of Zermatt; they appear in the ancient maps as early as the thirteenth century.The Romand-speaking people from the Aosta Valley and from the Romand-speaking part of canton Wallis (Valais) used this name until about 1860 in the form of Praborne, or Praborgne. The reason of this change from Praborno to Zermatt is attributed to the gradual replacement of the Romance-speaking people by German-speaking colony.
The town of Zermatt lies at the southern end of the Matter Valley (German: Mattertal), which is one of the lateral branches of the grand Valley of the Rhône. Zermatt is almost completely surrounded by the high mountains of the Pennine Alps including Monte Rosa (specifically its tallest peak, named Dufourspitze), Switzerland's highest peak at 4,634 metres (15,203 ft) above sea level. It is followed by the Dom (4,545 m [14,911 ft]), Liskamm (4,527 m [14,852 ft]), Weisshorn (4,505 m [14,780 ft]) and the Matterhorn (4,478 m [14,692 ft]). Most of the Alpine four-thousanders are located around Zermatt or in the neighbouring valleys.
Zermatt is traversed by the main river of the valley: the Matter Vispa, which rises at the glaciers at the feet of the highest peaks: the Gorner Glacier on the east side near Monte Rosa and the Zmutt Glacier on the west side between Dent d'Hérens and Dent Blanche.
The town of Zermatt, while dense, is geographically small. There are three main streets which run along the banks of the Matter Vispa, and numerous cross-streets, especially around the station and the church which forms the centre of Zermatt. In general anything is at most a thirty-minute walk away. There are several "suburbs" within Zermatt. Winkelmatten/Moos, which was once a separate hamlet, lies on a hill (1,670 m [5,480 ft]) on the southern side. Steinmatten is located on the eastern bank of the main river.
Many hamlets are located in the valleys above Zermatt, however they are not usually inhabited all year round. Zum See (1,766 m [5,794 ft]) lies south of Zermatt on the west bank of the Gorner gorge, near Furi where a cable car station is located (1,867 m [6,125 ft]). On the side of Zmutt valley (west of Zermatt) lies the hamlet of Zmutt (1,936 m [6,352 ft]), north of the creek Zmuttbach. Findeln (2,051 m [6,729 ft]) is located in the eastern valley above the creek Findelbach. It lies below the Sunnegga station (2,278 m [7,474 ft]). Located near a train station of the Gornergratbahn, Riffelalp (2,222 m [7,290 ft]) is one of the highest hamlets with a chapel.
Zermatt had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 242.91 km2 (93.79 sq mi). Of this area, about 9.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 85.2% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 54 ha (130 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 160 ha (400 acres).
Climate
Zermatt has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc). Summertime is cool in Zermatt, with mild days and cool nights, while winter is cold and snowy, with highs around freezing and annual snowfall averaging 128 inches (325 cm).
Tourism
The village was "discovered" by mid-nineteenth-century British mountaineers, most notably Edward Whymper, whose summit of the Matterhorn made the village famous. The Matterhorn was one of the last alpine mountains to be summitted (in 1865), and the first expedition that reached the top ended dramatically with only 3 of the 7 climbers surviving the descent. The story is related in the Matterhorn Museum.
Zermatt is a starting point for hikes into the mountains, including the Haute Route that leads to Chamonix in France and the Patrouille des Glaciers. Cable cars and chair lifts carry skiers in the winter and hikers in the summer; the highest of them leads to the Klein Matterhorn at 3,883 m (12,740 ft), a peak on the ridge between Breithorn and Matterhorn that offers extensive views in all directions. It is possible to cross into Italy via the Cervinia cable car station. A rack railway line (the Gornergratbahn, the highest open-air railway in Europe) runs up to the summit of the Gornergrat at 3,089 m (10,135 ft). Zermatt is also the western terminus for the Glacier Express rail service connecting to St. Moritz and the MGB (Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn). Together with eleven other towns Zermatt is a member of the community Best of the Alps.
Transport
To prevent air pollution that could obscure the town's view of the Matterhorn, the entire town is a combustion-engine car-free zone. Almost all vehicles in Zermatt are battery driven and almost completely silent. Electric vehicles are allowed for local commerces. The Cantonal police can issue a permit which allows residents to drive and park at the northern outskirts and for the permission to bring combustion-engine vehicles in to the town such as construction vehicles. Emergency and municipal vehicles, (fire trucks, ambulances, police etc.) generally use combustion engines, although even some of these are non-combustion (garbage trucks, etc.).
Passenger vehicles operating within Zermatt include tiny electric shuttles provided by hotels to carry visitors from the main train station (or the taxi transfer point just outside town) to the hotel properties, "electro" taxis operated by four major Zermatt families, and "electro" buses, which serve two routes: one between the major hotel areas and the stations of the various ski-lifts, and the other following a similar route but also serving the more rural "suburb" of Winkelmatten. Horse-drawn carriages can also be found; some are operated by hotels and others are available for hire.
Most visitors reach Zermatt by the rack-assisted railway train from the nearby town of Täsch (Zermatt shuttle). Trains also depart for Zermatt from farther down the valley at Visp and Brig, which are on the main Swiss rail network. The town also has a heliport (ICAO: LSEZ) and a local helicopter operator, Air Zermatt, which also provides alpine rescue services.
In 2007, a project group was formed to evaluate options for development of the local transportation network (as the "electro" buses do not have enough capacity). The results of this study are published in the December 2007 edition of Zermatt Inside. The six options explored are a coaster, a funicular, a metro, moving sidewalks, a gondola and more "electro" buses.
In 2019 work started to improve access on the Kirchbrücke – one of the most popular places to photograph the Matterhorn. The viewing area will be widened to keep tourists off the road and away from electric vehicles. The project should be complete by autumn 2019.
Skiing in Zermatt
Zermatt is known throughout the world for its skiing, especially Triftji for its moguls. The high altitude results in consistent skiing continuously throughout the summer.
Skiing in Zermatt is split up into four areas: Sunnegga, Gornergrat, Klein Matterhorn and Schwarzsee. There is also a connection to Cervinia and Valtournenche in Italy through the Plateau Rosa glacier.
In 2008, Zermatt hosted an "Infinity Downhill Race". The race took place on 13 and 14 December and comprised a course descending from the Matterhorn Glacier Paradise (3,800 m (12,500 ft)) and finished in Zermatt itself (1,600 m (5,200 ft)). The course was 20 kilometres (12 miles) long and featured a 2,200 metres (7,218 feet) descent.
Sunnegga
The Sunnegga Paradise is accessed via the SunneggaExpress funicular railway, followed by a gondola to Blauherd and finally a cable car onwards to the Rothorn (3,103 m) above. The topography of the mountain and the valley tends to keep the Rothorn clear and sunny, even when Zermatt is submerged in cloud.
From Blauherd there is a gondola down to Gant, and from there a connecting cablecar goes to Hohtälli. This cable car and the newer 4-seat chairlift Sunnegga-Findeln-Breitboden provide connections between Sunnegga and Gornergrat. With few steep slopes, this mountain is often used to train younger skiers.
Gornergrat
The Gornergrat is served by the Gornergrat railway, a 29-minute ride to the Gornergrat peak (3,089 m), via Riffelalp, Rotenboden and Riffelberg, (with limited stops at Findelbach and Landtunnel just above Zermatt). At the summit, the hotel and restaurant have been refurbished and accommodate a shopping centre. Riffelalp station is linked to Riffelalp Resort by a short tramway line named Riffelalptram.
A cable car heads up from Hohtälli to the Rote Nase (3,247 m). This final lift serves a freeride area but can be unreliable as this mountainside requires good snow cover to be skiable. The lifts in this area generally open for the season in late February or early March – cablecar is now permanently closed, with no replacement lift planned. A new slope leading back from Hohtälli to Kellensee just under the Gornergrat replaced this lift to maintain the link from the Rothorn to Gornergrat.
Klein Matterhorn / Schwarzsee
Near the southern end of Zermatt, the Matterhorn Express gondola transports passengers up to the interchange station at Furi. From here there is access to Schwarzsee via a gondola to the right, a cable car that leads on to the Trockener Steg midstation (and then on to the Klein Matterhorn); and a new gondola, opened on 18 December 2006, links Furi to Riffelberg on the Gornergrat mountain. This lift addresses one of the most persistent criticisms of Zermatt: that it is very difficult to ski the two sides of the valley without a tiresome trek through Zermatt between the Gornergratbahn and the Matterhorn Express at opposite ends of the town.
Testa Grigia at the top of the Theodul Pass serves as a connection to the Italian ski-resorts of Cervinia and Valtournenche. From the Swiss side it is reachable by skilift only, but from the Italian side by a chairlift and by a cablecar. In March 2019 it was announced that a new lift – the 'Alpine Crossing' – will connect Testa Grigia and Klein Matterhorn from spring 2021. There are customs offices here as well as a small alpine museum.
Zermatt is marketed as an all-year skiing resort, with summer skiing limited to the Theodul Glacier behind the Klein Matterhorn. Whilst strictly true, during the off season in May and June there will tend to be only one or two runs open, and the main glacier area does not open until July.
In operation since 25 October 2003, the Furggsattel six-seater chairlift has twelve (of eighteen) masts that stand directly on the glacial ice of the Theodul Glacier – a first for Switzerland.
The new CHF52 million 3S Glacier Ride Cable Car from the resort to Klein Matterhorn was opened on 29 September 2018. It has an uplift capacity of 2000 people per hour and takes just 9 minutes to reach the top using 25 cabins, each with 28 seats.
History of the lift system
1898 Start of summer operation of Gornergratbahn.
1928 Gornergrat Bahn introduces a twice-daily winter sports service to Riffelalp.
1939 Development of Theodul area from Breuil Cervinia to Testa Grigia.
1942 Zermatt-Sunnegga skilift (summer: foot lift, replaced by chairlift in 1967).
1946 Weisti trainer skilift (moved to Riffelberg in 1969). Zermatt-Sunnegga sideways-facing chairlift (replaced by funicular in 1980).
1947 Sunnegga-Blauherd skilift (replaced by cable car in 1967).
1955 Cableway Plan Maison-Furgghorn (discontinued 1992).
1956 Suspension lift Gornergrat-Hohtälli (Discontinued in the summer of 2007). Skilift Riffelberg (replaced by chairlift in 2003). Skilift Furi (discontinued 1960). Chairlift Findeln-Sunegga (due to be replaced in the summer of 2007).
1957 Suspension lift Zermatt-Furi.
1958 Suspension lift Hohtälli-Stockhorn (due to be discontinued in the summer of 2007). Furi-Schwarzsee suspension lift (replaced by cable car lift 2002).
1960 Skilift Garten (discontinued 2003).
1962 Suspension lift Furgg-Schwarzsee (replaced by group turnaround lift in 1991).
1963 Skilift Hornli.
1964 Suspension lift Furi-Furgg (replaced by Matterhorn Express in 2002). Theodullift (replaced by extension of Gandegglift 2003). Skilift Triftji-RoteNase
1965 Furgg-Trockener Steg suspension lift. Skilift National (replaced by chairlift Patrullarve 1989).
1967 Cable car lift Sunnegga-Blauherd (replaced by combi system in 2005). Suspension lift Blauherd-Rothorn (replaced in 1996). Skilift Furggsattel (replaced by a chairlift in 2003). Skilift Eisfluh (replaced by chairlift in 2001). Passlift (replaced by extension to Gandegglift 2003).
1968 Platform skilift Kumme (replaced by chairlift 1982). Skilift Gandegg (extended and renovated in 2003).
1971 Cable Car Gant-Blauherd. Skilift Gant-Platte (discontinued 2002). Skilift Riffelberg-Gifthittli (replaced by chairlift in 2003). Skilift Testa Grigia I.
1979 Cable Car Trockener Steg-Klein Matterhorn.
1980 Funicular Zermatt-Sunnegga. Skilift Testa Grigia II (moved to Plateau Rosa III 2005). Border skilift (Gobba di Rollin/Plateau Breithorn). Skilift Plateau Rosa I.
1982 Built: Suspension lift Furi-Trockener Steg. Cable car Zermatt-Furi. Chairlift Kumme-Rothorn.
1984 Joint skipass in Zermatt.
1986 Suspension lift Hohtälli-Rote Nase.
1989 Chairlift Patrullarve-Blauherd.
1991 Chairlift Furgg-Sandiger Boden-Theodul Glacier. Skilift Plateau Rosa II. Group turnaround lift Furgg-Schwazsee.
1995 Joint skipass Zermatt-Cervinia.
1996 Suspension lift Blauherd-Rothorn.
1997 T-bar Grenzlift built at Klein Matterhorn; highest lift in Europe. (Still in service)
1998 Suspension lift Gant-Hohtälli.
1999 Electronic ticketing system introduced.
2001 Chairlift Eisfluh-Sunnegga (replacing tow lift).
2002 Merger of Zermatt Bergbahnen. Cable car lifts Matterhorn Express (Zermatt-Furi-Schwarzsee).
2003 Chairlift Furggsattel Gletscherbahn (Trockener Steg – Furggsattel). Chairlift Gifthittli (Rifelberg – Gifthittli).
2005 Combi system (gondola/chairlift) Sunnegga-Blauherd. Passenger lift funicular-Riedweg (discontinued 2007).
2006 Suspension lift Furi-Schweigmatten-Riffelberg (Riffelberg Express).
2007 End of operations of the Gornergrat – Hohtälli Cable Car.
2007 End of operations of the Hohtälli – Stockhorn cable car, replaced by a 2 t-bar lifts (Stockhorn and Triftji) in 2008.
2007 Clearing of the skitunnel at Riffelberg, next to Gifthittli lift, increasing the capacity of this slope.
2007 Four-seat chairlift Sunnegga-Findeln/Eja and Findeln/Eja-Breitboden opened after construction.
2015 Bubble-Chairlift S.B. Hirli opens. (Stafel/Joscht- Hirli)
2016 Hublot-Express service Gant-Blauherd opens.
2017-2018 Blauherd-Rothorn Cable car temporarily out of service due to unstable ground foundations around Tower 1.
2018 Kumme-Rothorn chairlift destroyed by avalanche.
2018 Avalanche destroys T-bar Triftji-Rote Nase.
2018 Stockhorn T-bar destroyed in Avalanche.
2018 The world highest 3S cableway is inaugurated
2019 Blauherd – Rothorn Cable Car back in service after summer construction work.
2020 Kumme Gondola (replacing chairlift 1982)
Developments
The Zermatt Bergbahnen's website mentions a few projects for the following years:
c. 2024 Breitboden – Rosenritz high speed chairlift (new)
Unknown ETA new Cable Car Zermatt – Furi (replacing current cable car)
c.2022 New Gondola system Hohtalli – Rote Nase – Stockhorn (putting Stockhorn in service for the first time in 8 years)
Unknown ETA High-Speed Furgg-Garten Chairlift (replacing very slow current lift Furgg-Sandiger Boden)
In March 2019 Zermatt Bergbahnen announced plans for a new 3S 'Alpine Crossing' between Cervinia and Zermatt. It is planned to open in Spring 2021.
As well as several changes to the slopes, and the placement of new snowmaking installations.
Economy
About half of the jobs in Zermatt are in the hotel and restaurant industry.
As of 2012, there were a total of 6,370 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 42 people worked in 19 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 521 workers in 68 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 5,807 jobs in 736 businesses. In 2013 a total of 13.7% of the population received social assistance.
In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 4,261. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 538 of which 83 or (15.4%) were in manufacturing and 385 (71.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,703. In the tertiary sector, 531 or 14.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 477 or 12.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 2,178 or 58.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 38 or 1.0% were in the information industry, 54 or 1.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 116 or 3.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 56 or 1.5% were in education and 87 or 2.3% were in health care.
In 2000, there were 744 workers who commuted into the municipality and 89 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 8.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[36] Of the working population, 7.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 2.6% used a private car.
(Wikipedia)
Zermatt ([tsɛrˈmat]) ist eine politische Gemeinde und eine Burgergemeinde mit einem Burgerrat im Bezirk Visp sowie eine Pfarrgemeinde des Dekanats Visp im Schweizer Kanton Wallis. Bevölkerungsmässig ist Zermatt nach Visp zweitgrösster Ort im Bezirk Visp und liegt im Mattertal auf einer Höhe von circa 1610 m am Nordostfuss des Matterhorns. Zermatt ist ein Bergsteigerzentrum und dank dem Matterhorn und seinem Wintersport- und Wandergebiet ein bekannter Ferienort der Schweiz.
Der frühere Name Praborgne (französisch), abgeleitet vom ursprünglichen lateinischen Namen Pratobornum, wird nicht mehr verwendet.
Geographie
Lage
it einer Fläche von 243,4 km² gehört Zermatt zu den grössten Schweizer Gemeinden. Das Areal umfasst 1,3 km² Bauzone, 9,4 km² Wald, 10,0 km² Landwirtschaftszone (inkl. Alpweiden) und 183,0 km² Naturschutzzonen. Der höchste Punkt ist mit 4634 m ü. M. die Dufourspitze im Monte-Rosa-Massiv. Der tiefste Punkt auf 1524 m ü. M. liegt im Bachbett des Talflusses Mattervispa an der Grenze zur unterhalb liegenden Nachbargemeinde Täsch nahe der Flur mit dem Namen Schlangengrube. Das weite Hochtal ist im Osten von der Bergkette Rimpfischhorn – Strahlhorn – Jägerhorn – Dufourspitze – Signalkuppe begrenzt, im Süden von der Reihe Lyskamm – Castor und Pollux – Breithorn – Klein Matterhorn und westlich des Theodulpasses von Matterhorn – Dent d’Hérens – Tête Blanche. Im Westen liegen zwischen dem Tal des Zmuttbachs und dem Val d’Anniviers die Höhenzüge von Dent Blanche, Ober Gabelhorn und Zinalrothorn.
Das Zermatter Gemeindegebiet grenzt an Italien. Der Übergang über den Theodulpass nach Valtournenche ist wegen der Eisbedeckung nur für Fussgänger und Skifahrer passierbar.
Gewässer
Der Hauptfluss im Tal ist die Mattervispa, die durch den Ortskern von Zermatt fliesst. Sie entsteht durch die Vereinigung des vom Zmuttgletscher kommenden Zmuttbachs, der vom Gornergletscher kommenden Gornera, des vom Triftgletscher kommenden Triftbachs und des vom Findelgletscher durch die Findelschlucht fliessenden Findelbachs. Bei Stalden bildet die Mattervispa zusammen mit der Saaservispa die Vispa, die bei Visp in den Rotten (Rhône) mündet.
Die Gornera nimmt südlich von Furi den Furggbach auf, der am Furgggletscher unter der Ostwand des Matterhorns und unter dem Oberen Theodulgletscher entspringt. Der Bach Balmbrunnen fliesst vom Hohtälligrat über die Alp Breitboden in den Findelbach. Vom Mettelhorn rauscht der Luegelbach durch die steile Runse neben dem Wisshorn[6] zur Mattervispa hinunter.
Am Zmuttbach liegt der von 1961 bis 1964 gebaute Stausee Zmutt, der als Wasserfassung für die Stauhaltung des Grande-Dixence-Systems dient. Das Wasser wird mit Pumpstationen bei Zmutt und Stafel ins Dixence-Tal geleitet.
Berge
22 Schweizer Hauptgipfel über 4000 Meter liegen ganz oder teilweise auf Zermatter Gebiet:
Dufourspitze (Monte Rosa), 4634 m ü. M., der höchste Berg der Schweiz
Nordend (Monte Rosa), 4609 m ü. M.
Zumsteinspitze (Monte Rosa), 4563 m ü. M.
Signalkuppe (Monte Rosa), 4554 m ü. M.
Liskamm (manchmal Lyskamm), Ostgipfel, 4527 m ü. M.
Liskamm (Lyskamm), Westgipfel, 4479 m ü. M.
Matterhorn, 4478 m ü. M.
Parrotspitze (Monte Rosa), 4432 m ü. M.
Dent Blanche, 4356 m ü. M.
Ludwigshöhe (Monte Rosa), 4341 m ü. M.
Castor (Zwillinge), 4228 m ü. M.
Zinalrothorn (Weisshorngruppe), 4221 m ü. M.
Rimpfischhorn (Mischabel), 4199 m ü. M.
Strahlhorn (Mischabel), 4190 m ü. M.
Dent d’Hérens, 4171 m ü. M.
Breithorn-Westgipfel, 4164 m ü. M.
Breithorn-Mittelgipfel, 4159 m ü. M.[9]
Westlicher Breithornzwilling, 4139 m ü. M.
Gendarm (östlicher Breithornzwilling), 4106 m ü. M.
Pollux (Zwillinge), 4092 m ü. M.
Schwarzfluh (Breithorn), 4075 m ü. M.
Ober Gabelhorn (Weisshorngruppe), 4063 m ü. M.
Weitere markante Berge im Gemeindegebiet sind das Oberrothorn (3414 m ü. M.), das Stockhorn (3532 m ü. M.), das Äbihorn (3473 m ü. M.), das Untere Gabelhorn (3392 m ü. M.), das Theodulhorn (3468 m ü. M.),[10] das Riffelhorn (2928 m ü. M.) und das Mettelhorn (3406 m ü. M.).
Gletscher
In den hoch gelegenen Tälern von Zermatt liegen viele, zum Teil trotz dem andauernden Schwund noch recht grosse Gletscher. Zusammen mit allen Seitengletschern bedeckt das Gletschersystem des Gornergletschers eine Fläche von 68 km², was nach dem Aletschgletscher die zweitgrösste zusammenhängende Gletscherfläche der Alpen darstellt.
Liste der Zermatter Gletscher:
Findelgletscher
Triftjigletscher
Gornergletscher
Adlergletscher
Monte-Rosa-Gletscher
Grenzgletscher
Zwillingsgletscher
Schwärzegletscher
Breithorngletscher
Theodulgletscher mit Plateau Rosa
Furgggletscher
Tiefmattengletscher
Zmuttgletscher
Matterhorngletscher
Stockjigletscher
Schönbielgletscher
Hohwänggletscher
Arbengletscher
Gabelhorngletscher
Triftgletscher
Rothorngletscher
Bodengletscher
Klima
Durch die hohen Berge, welche in den Hauptwetterrichtungen die Niederschläge abschirmen, sowie das allgemein hohe Geländeniveau ist das Klima für die Höhe und die geographische Breite mild und niederschlagsarm. Die Waldgrenze liegt auf hohen 2'200 bis 2300 m und damit im mittel- und südeuropäischen Spitzenbereich. Die durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge im Dorf beträgt rund 700 mm pro Jahr. Die umgebenden Berge, insbesondere entlang der italienischen Grenze, sind – relativ zur Höhe – deutlich kälter und niederschlagsreicher. Auf der Signalkuppe des Monte Rosa beträgt der durchschnittliche Jahresniederschlag 4100 mm.
Für die Normalperiode 1991–2020 betrug die Jahresmitteltemperatur 4,7 °C, wobei im Januar mit −3,9 °C die kältesten und im Juli mit 13,7 °C die wärmsten Monatsmitteltemperaturen gemessen werden. Im Mittel sind hier rund 171 Frosttage und 42 Eistage zu erwarten. Sommertage gibt es im Jahresmittel 8 bis 9, während im Schnitt alle 10 Jahre ein Hitzetag zu verzeichnen ist. Die Messstation von MeteoSchweiz liegt auf einer Höhe von 1638 m ü. M.
Siedlungen
Auf dem Gebiet von Zermatt liegen die Weiler Findeln, Tuftern, Winkelmatten, Blatten, Zum See und Zmutt, meist mit eigenen Kapellen. Früher wurden sie als Sommersiedlungen benutzt. Heute sind sie beliebte Touristenziele.
Sprache
Zermatt ist noch vor Salurn in Südtirol der südlichste Ort des geschlossenen deutschen Sprachraumes (als deutsche Sprachinsel liegen lediglich die Lystaler Orte Gressoney und Issime weitere 20 km bis 30 km südlich).
Geschichte
Neuere archäologische Grabungen in einem Felsabri auf der Alp Hermetje förderten menschliche Spuren aus der Mittel- und Jungsteinzeit (ab 9000 v. Chr. und 5500–2200 v. Chr.) zutage. In den Hubelwäng am Fuss des Unteren Gabelhorns belegen fünf prähistorische Schalensteine am alten Handelsweg die frühe Anwesenheit von Menschen, während römische Münzfunde auf dem Theodulpass und spätmittelalterliche Münz- und Waffenfunde am Gletscherrand beim Trockenen Steg die Benützung dieses Alpenübergangs in Antike und Spätmittelalter bezeugen. In den 1880er Jahren wurde bei Fundamentarbeiten für das Hotel Monte Rosa eine latènezeitliche Topfwerkstätte entdeckt, in der Gefässe aus Chloritschiefer gehöhlt wurden. In den 1990er Jahren wurde im Furi eine ähnliche Werkstatt aus der jüngeren Eisenzeit (380–120 v. Chr.) freigelegt.
1280 wird Zermatt erstmals als Pratobornum erwähnt, was als «Matte im Quellgebiet» (von mittelhochdeutsch mat/mate «Wiese»; vgl. auch Alm (Bergweide)) oder «Matte in den Grenzmarken» übersetzt werden kann. Zermatt ist eine Tochterpfarrei von St. Niklaus. Die Pfarrgemeinde von Zermatt wird in einer Urkunde vom 25. April 1285 erwähnt. Eine Dorfkapelle wurde ca. 1290 errichtet. Zwischen dem 15. und 17. Jahrhundert kauften sich die Zermatter von verschiedenen Feudalherren frei.
Wichtige Handelswege führten im Mittelalter via Zermatt über den Theodulpass nach Italien. Münzfunde belegen, dass dieser Weg schon zu Zeiten der Römer im 1. bis 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. benutzt wurde. Die Münzen kann man heute im Matterhorn-Museum Zermatlantis besichtigen. Als sich die Gletscher während der Wärmephase um 1000 bis 1300 weit zurückgezogen hatten, war der Theodulpass auch auf der Nordseite eisfrei. Aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stammen die teilweise gepflasterten Saumwege, deren Überreste heute noch zu sehen sind.
Erste Naturforscher kamen um 1780 nach Zermatt. Ein bescheidener Fremdenbesuch setzte nach 1820 ein, ab 1838 gab es eine Gastherberge.] Zwischen 1850 und 1860 wurde eine mit Kutschen befahrbare Strasse zwischen Zermatt und St. Niklaus erstellt. 1852 wurde das erste kleine Hotel eröffnet. Der Gommer Bauernsohn Alexander Seiler I. eröffnete 1855 das Hotel Monte Rosa und begründete sein Hotelimperium. Ein Hotel auf dem Riffelberg wurde 1854 gebaut. 1858 folgte die Gründung einer Bergführergesellschaft in Zermatt, die 1860 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Im Jahre 1873 kam es dann zur Gründung der Führergesellschaft Zermatt St. Niklaus. Ein weiterer Tourismuspionier war Joseph Anton Clemenz, der 1852 das Mont Cervin eröffnete und es 15 Jahre später an Seiler verkaufte.
1865 gelang dem Engländer Edward Whymper die Erstbesteigung des Matterhorns. Dies war der Startschuss für den Aufstieg zum weltberühmten Touristenort.
1891 wurde die Bahnstrecke von Visp nach Zermatt der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn für den Sommerbetrieb eröffnet. 1898 folgte die Bahn auf den Gornergrat.
Im Januar 1902 organisierte Hermann Seiler als Präsident der Sektion Monte Rosa des Schweizer Alpen-Clubs in und bei Zermatt den ersten Skikurs in der Schweiz.
Von Zermatt aus gelang im September 1903 Luftschiffer Eduard Spelterini und Hermann Seiler zusammen mit einer dritten Person die erste Überfliegung der Hochalpen im Ballon.
Am 31. Dezember 1927 liess Hermann Seiler 180 eingeladene englische Sommerstammgäste in St. Niklaus mit 50 Schlitten abholen und nach Zermatt fahren. Mit dem Abschluss der Schutzbauten Ende Oktober 1933 konnte die heutige Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn den ganzjährigen fahrplanmässigen Betrieb bis nach Zermatt aufnehmen, wie er bereits seit 1928 bis St. Niklaus bestand, Voraussetzung für reguläre Wintersaisons in Zermatt. Bereits 1944 besuchten erstmals mehr Gäste im Winter als im Sommer Zermatt.
Im März 1963 grassierte in Zermatt eine Typhusepidemie mit über 400 Erkrankten und drei Toten.
Die 1968 gegründete Air Zermatt errichtete am Dorfeingang einen Heliport.
Durch den Tourismus ist Zermatt im Lauf der Zeit stark gewachsen. Das typische Bild eines Walliser Bergdorfs ist nur noch im Ortskern und bei den ausserhalb gelegenen Weilern zu finden, während im Tal ausgedehnte Feriensiedlungen entstanden sind.
Zermatt ist eine autofreie Gemeinde, die Strasse darf ab Täsch nur mit entsprechender Bewilligung befahren werden. In Zermatt werden Transportaufgaben von speziell bewilligten kommerziellen Elektrofahrzeugen oder Pferdetaxen übernommen. 124 Hotels sowie zahlreiche Gästebetten in Ferienwohnungen bieten über 17'500 Gästen Platz.
81,3 % der Einwohner gehören der Römisch-katholischen Kirche an, 9,2 % der Evangelisch-reformierten Kirche, 5,4 % gehören einer anderen Konfession an, und 4,1 % sind konfessionslos.
Tourismus
Wintersportgebiete
Das Wintersportgebiet um Zermatt gliedert sich in die drei Bereiche Matterhorn glacier paradise/Schwarzsee paradise, «Gornergrat» und Sunegga paradise/Rothorn paradise. Seit dem Bau der neuen Verbindungsbahn Furi–Riffelberg im Sommer 2006 sind die drei Skigebiete (Matterhorn ski paradise) miteinander verbunden. Mit dem angegliederten Gebiet von Breuil-Cervinia (Italien) stehen dem Wintersportler 63 Bergbahnen und 257 Pistenkilometer zur Verfügung. Die längste Abfahrt vom Kleinen Matterhorn nach Zermatt ist ca. 15 km lang und hat eine Höhendifferenz von 2'279 m.
Die Fahrt mit der Seilbahn von der Mittelstation auf dem Trockenen Steg zum Matterhorn glacier paradise (Klein Matterhorn) führt auf eine Höhe von 3820 m ü. M. Die am höchsten gelegene Bergstation wurde erst Ende der 1970er Jahre erbaut, nachdem die Bergbahngesellschaft die Konzession schon Ende der 1960er Jahre erhalten hatte. Ein Aufzug führt von der Bergstation zum Gipfel des Kleinen Matterhorns. Kurze Zeit später wäre das Projekt wohl kaum mehr realisierbar gewesen, was die Gemeinde Saas-Fee mit ihrem Projekt zum Feechopf (3888 m ü. M.) erfahren musste.
Über einen Personenlift gelangt man auf den Gipfel des Klein Matterhorns (höchster Aussichtspunkt Europas) auf 3883 m ü. M. Das Panorama reicht von den Schweizer Alpen über die französischen Alpen bis in die italienische Po-Ebene. Das Gebiet Matterhorn glacier paradise ist Kern des Sommerskigebiets von Zermatt.
Das Gebiet des Gornergrats wird durch die Gornergratbahn, eine der ältesten elektrischen Gebirgs-Zahnradstrecken der Schweiz, erschlossen. Ungefähr auf halber Strecke befindet sich bei der Station Riffelalp der Ausgangspunkt des Riffelalptrams, der (nur im Sommer betriebenen) höchstgelegenen Strassenbahn Europas von der Bahnstation zum Fünf-Sterne-Hotel Riffelalp Resort 2222 m. Am Endpunkt der Bahn auf dem Gornergrat befinden sich ein Hotel, eine Sternwarte sowie ein Aussichtspunkt mit Panoramablick auf den Gornergletscher und das Monte-Rosa-Massiv.
Sommerskigebiet
Das Sommerskigebiet von Zermatt ist das grösste und höchstgelegene in Europa. Je nach Schneeverhältnissen stehen bis zu 20 km Pisten zur Verfügung. Die längste Abfahrt hat eine Länge von 7 km. Das Sommerskigebiet erstreckt sich vom Trockenen Steg über den Theodulgletscher zur Testa Grigia oberhalb des Theodulpasses, weiter über das Plateau Rosa bis zum Klein Matterhorn. Die Gobba di Rollin, welche einige hundert Meter südlich des Kleinen Matterhorns, dicht an der Grenze zu Italien, liegt, ist mit einer Höhe von 3899 m ü. M. der höchste Punkt eines europäischen Skigebiets. Sie ist nur im Sommer mit Skiliften erreichbar. Im Frühling und Herbst ist ausserdem die Gletscherbahn zum Furggsattel geöffnet. Das Sommerskigebiet wird von vielen Skinationalmannschaften für das Sommertraining genutzt. Seit einigen Jahren wird zusammen mit Saas-Fee ein Kombiticket für Sommer-Skiurlauber angeboten. Die Fahrzeit von Täsch nach Saas-Fee beträgt circa 40 Minuten.
Zermatt ist neben dem Hintertuxer Gletscher das einzige Skigebiet der Alpen, in dem 365 Tage im Jahr Skibetrieb herrscht.
Langlauf
Zermatt selbst hat keine Langlaufloipen. Die 15 km lange, wettkampferprobte Spur liegt unterhalb von Zermatt zwischen Täsch und Randa.[28] In den Jahren 1981 bis 1989 wurde achtmal der Zermatter Nachtlanglauf, ein 10-km-Skilanglaufrennen, in den Strassen von Zermatt durchgeführt.
Bergsteigen
Die touristische Entdeckung des Mattertals begann 1792 mit den Erstbesteigungen des Klein Matterhorns und des Theodulhorns durch den Genfer Gelehrten Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. Nicht weniger als 58 Erstbesteigungen und 47 Ersttraversierungen folgten in den Jahren 1855 bis 1894. 1855 erfolgte zum Beispiel die Erstbesteigung der Dufourspitze des Monte Rosa.[29] 1858 folgte die Gründung einer Bergführergesellschaft in Zermatt, die 1860 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Im Jahre 1873 kam es dann zur Gründung der Führergesellschaft Zermatt St. Niklaus.[19] 1865 erfolgte die Erstbesteigung des Matterhorns. 1931 wurde die Matterhorn-Nordwand erstmals erfolgreich durchstiegen.
Die Haute Route ist eine internationale, hochalpine, mehrtägige Wander- und Skidurchquerung über 180 Kilometer vom Mont-Blanc-Massiv bei Chamonix, Frankreich, durch die Walliser Alpen bis nach Zermatt. Sie führt über verschiedene Gletscher und hohe Bergübergänge und etappenweise zu Berghütten wie der Bertolhütte und der Schönbielhütte.
Wandern
Zermatt bietet ein Wanderwegnetz von mehr als 400 km in allen Talgebieten an. Von Saas-Fee über Grächen (Höhenweg Balfrin) und über Gasenried nach Zermatt (Europaweg) führt die regionale Wanderroute 27 «Swiss Tour Monte Rosa» von Wanderland Schweiz. Die ganze Wanderung dauert drei Tage, kann jedoch auch in einzelnen Etappen bewältigt werden. Die Tour ist nur für geübte und ausdauernde Wanderer zu empfehlen.
Berglauf
Zwischen 1982 und 2012 fand vom Bahnhof Zermatt (1605 m ü. M.) zum Zielpunkt Schwarzsee (2580 m ü. M.) der Matterhornlauf mit einer Streckenlänge von 14,34 km statt. Seit 2002 finden im Juli der Zermatt-Marathon (der von St. Niklaus über Zermatt auf den Riffelberg führt) und seit 2013 jeweils im August das Matterhorn Ultraks statt.
Skiberglauf
Seit 1943 führt die Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) von Zermatt nach Verbier. Eine 2010 gestartete Patrouille mit dem Zermatter Skibergsteiger Martin Anthamatten hält den Streckenrekord.
Skiweltcup
Ab der Saison 2022/23 sollten im Spätherbst im Rahmen des Saisonstarts des Alpinen Skiweltcups Abfahrtsläufe auf der neuen Gran-Becca-Rennstrecke stattfinden. Der Start des Matterhorn Cervino Speed Opening sollte leicht unterhalb der Gobba di Rollin in der Schweiz liegen, das Ziel liegt bei der Mittelstation Laghi Cime Bianche oberhalb von Cervinia in Italien. Präsidiert wird das lokale Organisationskomitee von Franz Julen, CEO des Matterhorn Cervino Speed Opening ist Christian Ziörjen. Die Rennen mussten wegen Schneemangels abgesagt werden, an der Wahl des Austragungsorts und dem Termin wurde erhebliche Kritik geübt.
Verkehr
Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB)
Wichtigster Zubringer in das von Autos mit Verbrennungsmotor befreite Zermatt ist die Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB). Sie entstand 2003 durch die Fusion der Furka-Oberalp-Bahn und der Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn. Die 35 km lange Bahnstrecke von Visp nach Zermatt wurde 1891 eröffnet. Das Teilstück Brig–Visp wurde erst 1930 gebaut. Auf ihrer Linie nach Visp, Brig-Glis, Andermatt und Disentis verkehrt auch der Glacier Express. Seit der Eröffnung 2007 des Lötschberg-Basistunnels der NEAT ist der Bahnhof Zermatt von Zürich aus mit Umsteigen auf die Schmalspurbahn im Bahnhof Visp in drei Stunden erreichbar.
Gornergratbahn
Direkt neben dem Bahnhof der MGB beginnt die Zahnradstrecke der Gornergratbahn (GGB), die auf den Gornergrat führt. 1896 wurde mit dem Bau der imposanten Ausflugsbahn begonnen. Da die Endstation Gornergrat auf einer Höhenlage von 3089 m ü. M. liegt, war die Bauzeit zwischen Schneeschmelze und dem Wintereinbruch äusserst kurz. Über 1000 Arbeiter kamen zum Einsatz – die meisten von ihnen waren, wie bei allen damaligen grossen Eisenbahnbauten der Schweiz, Italiener. Insgesamt waren während der zweijährigen Bauzeit rund 2400 Arbeiter beschäftigt.
Bahnstationen
Sunnegga, Blauherd, Grünsee, Rothorn, Findeln, Gant, Gornergrat, Riffelalp/Riffelberg/Rotenboden, Hohtälli, Stockhorn, Rote Nase, Furi, Trockener Steg, Klein Matterhorn, Gobba di Rollin, Plateau Rosa, Theodulpass/Testa Grigia, Gandegg, Schwarzsee, Furggsattel.
Chronik der Bergbahnen von Zermatt
1898: Eröffnung der Gornergratbahn (nur Sommerbetrieb)
1928: Die Gornergratbahn fährt erstmals auch im Winter
1942: Bau des ersten Skiliftes von Zermatt nach Sunnegga
1947: Bau der Sesselbahn Zermatt–Sunnegga
1955: Gründung der LZS (Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Schwarzsee)
1955/56: Bau der Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Furi–Schwarzsee
1958–1958: Bau der Luftseilbahn Gornergrat–Hohtälli–Stockhorn
1962: Bau der Luftseilbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee
1963: Bau des Skiliftes Hörnli
1963–1965: Bau der Luftseilbahn Zermatt–Furi–Furgg–Trockener Steg
1964: Gründung der Rothornbahn AG
1967: Bau der Gondelbahn Sunnegga–Blauherd und der Luftseilbahn Blauherd–Rothorn
1971: Bau der Gondelbahn Gant–Blauherd
1973: 17. Dezember. Definitive Bewilligung der Luftseilbahn auf das Kleine Matterhorn
1979: Eröffnung der Luftseilbahn auf das Kleine Matterhorn
1980: Eröffnung der ersten unterirdischen Standseilbahn der Schweiz Zermatt–Sunnegga (Sunneggatunnel)
1982: Bau der Sechser-Gondelbahn Zermatt–Furi und der Luftseilbahn Furi–Trockener Steg
1984: Als Folge eine Grossbrandes bei der Bergstation Neubau des Skiliftes Triftji nach Rote Nase
1986: Eröffnung der Luftseilbahn Hohtälli–Rote Nase
1989: Ersatz der Skilifte Sunnegga–Blauherd und Patrullarve–Blauherd durch eine Vierersesselbahn
1990: Bau Sessellift Furgg–Sandiger Boden–Theodulgletscher
1991: Eröffnung der Gruppen-Gondelbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee als Ersatz der alten Luftseilbahn
1996: Eröffnung der neuen Pendelbahn Blauherd–Rothorn als Ersatz der alten Luftseilbahn
1998: Eröffnung der Seilbahn Gant–Hohtälli
2002: Fusion Sunnegga-Express AG, Rothornbahn AG und Matterhornbahnen AG zur Bergbahn Zermatt AG, der grössten Bergbahnunternehmung der Schweiz[32]
2002: Eröffnung der Achter-Gondelbahn Matterhorn-Express Zermatt–Furi–Schwarzsee
2002: Eröffnung des Sessellifts Gifthittli
2003: Eröffnung des neuen Sessellifts Furggsattel. Die Furggsattel-Gletscherbahn ist die erste Sesselbahn, welche auf einem Schweizer Gletscher gebaut wurde. Sie ist die längste Gletschersesselbahn Europas. Die Bergstation stand beim Bau auf italienischem Boden; da als Grenze die höchste Linie des Grats definiert ist, der gratbildende Gletscher inzwischen jedoch weggeschmolzen ist und die Felskante nun die höchste Linie bildet, steht auch die Bergstation (und somit die ganze Bahn) inzwischen in der Schweiz.
2005: Eröffnung der Kombibahn (Gondel- und Sesselbahn) zwischen Sunnegga und Blauherd
2006: Eröffnung der Gondelbahn Riffelberg Express zwischen Furi und Riffelberg
2007: Eröffnung des Sessellifts Sunnegga–Findeln–Breitboden
2008: Rückbau der Luftseilbahn Gornergrat–Hohtälli–Stockhorn. An ihrer Stelle wurde eine Verbindungspiste vom Hohtälli nach Gifthittli gebaut. Um das Stockhorn neu zu erschliessen, wurde ein neuer Skilift erstellt.
2008: Bau eines vollautomatischen Crossliners von Sunnegga zum Anfängerpark am Leisee
2009: Bau der Verlängerung des Matterhorn-Express von Schwarzsee via Furgg auf Trockener Steg. Diese Bahn ersetzt die alte Gondelbahn von 1965 von Furgg nach Trockener Steg sowie die Gruppen-Gondelbahn Furgg–Schwarzsee. Mit der neuen Bahn ist der Trockene Steg in 25 Minuten ohne Umsteigen zu erreichen.
2010: Rückbau der oberen Sektion des Theodul-Express (Sandiger Boden–Theodulgletscher). Als Ersatz dient die Verlängerung des Matterhorn-Express, welche 2009 realisiert wurde.
2013: Erneuerung der Standseilbahn Zermatt-Sunnegga[33]
2015: 6er-Sesselbahn Joscht–Hirli als Ersatz für den Skilift Hörnli
2016: 6er-Sesselbahn Gant–Blauherd als Ersatz für die 4er-Gondelbahn
2016: Baubeginn der 3S-Bahn Klein Matterhorn als Ergänzung zur Pendelbahn
2018: Eröffnung der neuen 3S-Bahn-Umlaufbahn aufs Klein Matterhorn. Sie verbindet die Station Trockener Steg auf 2939 Metern Höhe mit dem Matterhorn glacier paradise auf 3821 Metern Höhe.
2020: Bau und Inbetriebnahme der autonomen Zehner-Gondelbahn Kumme. Sie verbindet Tufternkehr über die Mittelstation Wyss Gufer mit dem Rothorn.
Autofreies Zermatt
Die Strassen von Zermatt sind für den privaten Autoverkehr seit 1931 gesperrt. Das bestehende Fahrverbot wurde durch die Stimmberechtigten von Zermatt in den Jahren 1972 und 1986 bestätigt. Die 5 km lange Strasse zwischen Täsch und Zermatt darf nur mit einer Spezialbewilligung befahren werden, die an Einheimische, Gäste mit einer Zweitwohnung, Taxis, Versorgungs- und Rettungsfahrzeuge vergeben wird. Handlungen gegen das bestehende Verkehrsreglement sowie gegen rechtskräftige Verfügungen des Gemeinderates werden durch den Gemeinderat mit einer Busse bis zu 5'000 CHF bestraft, sofern die kantonale oder eidgenössische Gesetzgebung nicht eine höhere Busse vorsieht. Die Verkehrskapazität der Strasse ist inzwischen überschritten. Am 6. März 2005 stimmten die Stimmbürger von Zermatt einem Ausbau der Strassenverbindung zu. Seitdem prüfen die Gemeinde Zermatt und der Kanton Wallis die Sanierung und den Ausbau der Strasse. Mit dem Ausbau der Strasse wurde bisher noch nicht begonnen. Die Feriengäste müssen für die Dauer des Aufenthaltes ihre Wagen im grossen Parkhaus in Täsch abstellen, das über 2000 kostenpflichtige Parkplätze aufweist. Ausserdem werden rund 900 Parkplätze von Privatunternehmen angeboten, die einen 24-Stunden-Taxidienst nach Zermatt anbieten. Im Matterhorn-Terminal ist eine Umsteigeplattform auf die Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn integriert. Pendelzüge mit Niederflurwagen, die auch mit Gepäckkulis befahren werden können, verkehren im 20-Minuten-Takt nach Zermatt. In den Nächten zwischen Freitag und Sonntag verkehren die Züge im Stundentakt durchgehend.
Für den Transport der Skifahrer stehen in Zermatt seit Januar 1988 Elektrobusse in Betrieb. Diese bedienen auf einem Rundkurs von circa 4,5 km Länge sämtliche Talstationen der Zermatter Bergbahnen. Im Dezember 1991 wurde für die Erschliessung des Aussenquartiers Winkelmatten zusätzlich ein Klein-Elektrobus in Betrieb genommen. Das Passagieraufkommen zu den Spitzenzeiten im Winter ist gross. Je nach Bustyp finden 27, 50 oder 80 Passagiere Platz. Die Busdienstleistungen sind im Skiabonnement enthalten. Die Maximalgeschwindigkeit beträgt, wie für alle Fahrzeuge in Zermatt, 20 km/h.
Während Privatfahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotoren in Zermatt verboten sind, sind Elektroautos für gewerbliche Nutzung zugelassen, dürfen aber wie die Busse nur mit einer maximalen Geschwindigkeit von 20 km/h fahren. Von diesen mit Ausnahme der Elektrobusse kleinen und schmalen Elektroautos sind viele unterwegs als Transportfahrzeuge der Handwerker, als Lieferfahrzeuge der Supermärkte, Geschäfte, Gaststätten und Hotels sowie als Taxis oder Hotelzubringer, um Gäste und deren Gepäck vom Bahnhof abzuholen. Seit 1947 ist die Zahl der bewilligten Elektrofahrzeuge auf rund 500 angewachsen. In Verbindung mit dem vorhandenen Strassensystem führt die Fahrzeugnutzung inzwischen zu Verkehrsproblemen, denen durch Verkehrsberuhigungsmassnahmen begegnet werden soll. Zudem gibt es Kutschbetriebe.
Regelmässige Veranstaltungen
Das Zermatt Festival findet seit September 2005 statt und nimmt die Tradition der Zermatter Sommerkonzerte und Meisterkurse aus den 1950er und 1960er Jahren wieder auf. Zu den Veranstaltungsorten zählt unter anderem die Riffelalp Kapelle auf 2222 m ü. M. Gäste waren unter anderem die Berliner Philharmoniker.
Beim Musikfestival Zermatt Unplugged verwenden die Künstler ausschliesslich akustische Instrumente. Es hat erstmals 2007 stattgefunden und ist das einzige Festival dieser Art in Europa.
Das Folklore-Festival findet seit 1970 am zweiten Augustwochenende statt. Der Umzug am Samstagnachmittag umfasst um die 30 Gruppen.
(Wikipedia)
David Murray collected with 'a social conscience and for Scotland's future'. This collection as a whole is, therefore, an important historical and cultural resource. It emphasises the importance of preserving history and mapping both change and continuity on a local, regional and national scale.
Reference: MS Murray 636
View the catalogue online: collections.gla.ac.uk/#/details/ecatalogue/319724
8% of participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30+, did not perceive themselves as obese and seemed happy with being huge.
This is a photograph from both of the races in the 8th annual Longwood Village 10KM and 5KM Road Races and Fun Runs which were held in Longwood Village, Longwood, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 22nd October 2017 at 11:00. The races are held annually to support the development of the local GAA club while also supporting local charities. The race has support from Trim AC which sees the race have full AAI premit status. These races have grown steadily over the years and this year almost 400 participants to part in the two races. This is an impressive statistic given that a very large number of local runners will be preparing for the Dublin City marathon 7 days from now. However both races provide marathon runners and all other runners, joggers and walkers with an ideal opportunity to race on a very fair course in a beautiful rural setting. Barry Clarke of Longwood GAA and Trim AC and his very large group of volunteers deserve the highest of praise for the very high standard of organisation immediately apparent to anyone taking part in the race. Overall the whole day was a great success with the hard work put in by the organising committee ensuring that participants enjoyed their race experience. Both routes were accurately measured, kilometer points clearly marked, junctions well stewarded, and electronic timing provided. The event provided many local runners, joggers, fun runners and walkers with a local event to support whilst at the same time providing runners preparing for events such as the Dublin marathon with an opportunity to race a short, fast, distance in the lead up to marathon day. The GAA club provided excellent stewarding and traffic management all around the course. The race had a professional feel to it and it is sure to grow next year given the very positive feedback from many of the participants today. The weather in the week leading up to the race was hardly ideal with both Storm Ophelia and Storm Brian bringing windy and rainy conditions to Ireland all week. The weather for race day was more suitable for running. Dry, with a fresh breeze, the weather remained dry for both races with the sun making an appearance also.
We have an extensive set of photographs from all of the races today in the following Flickr Album: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157661720601468
Timing and event management was provided by PopUpRaces.ie. Results are available on their website at www.popupraces.ie/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2016: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157672030705623
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2015: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157660017638535
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2014: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157648845224981/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2013: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157636477484093/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2012: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157631820426332/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2011: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157627782257481/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2010: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157625058772687/
Longwood is a small village in South East Co. Meath and is close to the town of Enfield with access to the M4 Motorway.
5KM Course: The 5KM started in Longwood village. Runners then took a left turn in the Village down St. Oliver's Road. This straight section of road brings runners to a left turn onto a very well maintained boreen road for less than one kilometer. The race then emerges and joins with the 10KM at Stoneyford where the runners take a left and then another left before arriving back at the finish line in Longwood GAA club. Overall this is a very fast and flat 5KM with no hills to speak of.
10KM Course: The 10KM event begins in Longwood Village outside Dargan's Pub and proceeds westward out of the village. There are some interesting points along this part of the course. At the 2KM point the runners will run under the double bridges - an aquaduct for the Royal Canal and a bridge carrying the Dublin Sligo Railway line. The race then enters county Kildare just before the 3km and after taking a right turn at the four-cross roads known locally as Lally's Cross it returns to County Meath on top of the River Boyne Bridge (Ashfield Bridge) which forms the county boundary. The race follows a straight road for the next 2KM until runners encounter Blackshade bridge which is the toughest climb on the route. As a point of interest Blackshade bridge brings runners back over the Royal Canal and the Railway line. The race then crosses the River Boyne again at Stoneyford before taking a right which will bring runners on a testing two kilometer stretch with some short hills. The 10KM course then joins with the 5Km course for the final 1.5KM back to Longwood GAA club for the finish.
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
BUT..... Wait there a minute....
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.
This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
This is a photograph from both of the races in the 8th annual Longwood Village 10KM and 5KM Road Races and Fun Runs which were held in Longwood Village, Longwood, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 22nd October 2017 at 11:00. The races are held annually to support the development of the local GAA club while also supporting local charities. The race has support from Trim AC which sees the race have full AAI premit status. These races have grown steadily over the years and this year almost 400 participants to part in the two races. This is an impressive statistic given that a very large number of local runners will be preparing for the Dublin City marathon 7 days from now. However both races provide marathon runners and all other runners, joggers and walkers with an ideal opportunity to race on a very fair course in a beautiful rural setting. Barry Clarke of Longwood GAA and Trim AC and his very large group of volunteers deserve the highest of praise for the very high standard of organisation immediately apparent to anyone taking part in the race. Overall the whole day was a great success with the hard work put in by the organising committee ensuring that participants enjoyed their race experience. Both routes were accurately measured, kilometer points clearly marked, junctions well stewarded, and electronic timing provided. The event provided many local runners, joggers, fun runners and walkers with a local event to support whilst at the same time providing runners preparing for events such as the Dublin marathon with an opportunity to race a short, fast, distance in the lead up to marathon day. The GAA club provided excellent stewarding and traffic management all around the course. The race had a professional feel to it and it is sure to grow next year given the very positive feedback from many of the participants today. The weather in the week leading up to the race was hardly ideal with both Storm Ophelia and Storm Brian bringing windy and rainy conditions to Ireland all week. The weather for race day was more suitable for running. Dry, with a fresh breeze, the weather remained dry for both races with the sun making an appearance also.
We have an extensive set of photographs from all of the races today in the following Flickr Album: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157661720601468
Timing and event management was provided by PopUpRaces.ie. Results are available on their website at www.popupraces.ie/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2016: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157672030705623
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2015: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157660017638535
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2014: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157648845224981/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM and 10KM 2013: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157636477484093/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2012: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157631820426332/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2011: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157627782257481/
Our photographs from Longwood 5KM 2010: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157625058772687/
Longwood is a small village in South East Co. Meath and is close to the town of Enfield with access to the M4 Motorway.
5KM Course: The 5KM started in Longwood village. Runners then took a left turn in the Village down St. Oliver's Road. This straight section of road brings runners to a left turn onto a very well maintained boreen road for less than one kilometer. The race then emerges and joins with the 10KM at Stoneyford where the runners take a left and then another left before arriving back at the finish line in Longwood GAA club. Overall this is a very fast and flat 5KM with no hills to speak of.
10KM Course: The 10KM event begins in Longwood Village outside Dargan's Pub and proceeds westward out of the village. There are some interesting points along this part of the course. At the 2KM point the runners will run under the double bridges - an aquaduct for the Royal Canal and a bridge carrying the Dublin Sligo Railway line. The race then enters county Kildare just before the 3km and after taking a right turn at the four-cross roads known locally as Lally's Cross it returns to County Meath on top of the River Boyne Bridge (Ashfield Bridge) which forms the county boundary. The race follows a straight road for the next 2KM until runners encounter Blackshade bridge which is the toughest climb on the route. As a point of interest Blackshade bridge brings runners back over the Royal Canal and the Railway line. The race then crosses the River Boyne again at Stoneyford before taking a right which will bring runners on a testing two kilometer stretch with some short hills. The 10KM course then joins with the 5Km course for the final 1.5KM back to Longwood GAA club for the finish.
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
BUT..... Wait there a minute....
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.
This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Built 1924-27.
"Sault Ste. Marie (/ˌsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ SOO-seint-ma-REE) is the only city in, and county seat of, Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. With a population of 14,144 at the 2010 census, it is the second-most populated city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette. It is the central city of the Sault Ste. Marie, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Chippewa County and had a population of 38,520 at the 2010 census.
Sault Ste. Marie was settled as early as 1668, which makes it Michigan's oldest city and among the oldest cities in the United States. Located at the northeastern edge of the Upper Peninsula, it is separated by the St. Marys River from the much-larger city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The two are connected by the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge, which represents the northern terminus of Interstate 75. This portion of the river also contains the Soo Locks, as well as a swinging railroad bridge. The city is also home to Lake Superior State University.
For centuries Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native Americans had lived in the area, which they referred to as Baawitigong ("at the cascading rapids"), after the rapids of St. Marys River. French colonists renamed the region Saulteaux ("rapids" in French).
In 1668, French missionaries Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette founded a Jesuit mission at this site. Sault Ste. Marie developed as the fourth-oldest European city in the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains, and the oldest permanent settlement in contemporary Michigan state. On June 4, 1671, Simon-François Daumont de Saint-Lusson, a colonial agent, was dispatched from Quebec to the distant tribes, proposing a congress of Indian nations at the Falls of St. Mary between Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Trader Nicolas Perrot helped attract the principal chiefs, and representatives of 14 Indigenous nations were invited for the elaborate ceremony. The French officials proclaimed France's appropriation of the immense territory surrounding Lake Superior in the name of King Louis XIV.
In the 18th century, the settlement became an important center of the fur trade, when it was a post for the British-owned North West Company, based in Montreal. The fur trader John Johnston, a Scots-Irish immigrant from Belfast, was considered the first European settler in 1790. He married a high-ranking Ojibwe woman named Ozhaguscodaywayquay, the daughter of a prominent chief, Waubojeeg. She also became known as Susan Johnston. Their marriage was one of many alliances in the northern areas between high-ranking European traders and Ojibwe. The family was prominent among Native Americans, First Nations, and Europeans from both Canada and the United States. They had eight children who learned fluent Ojibwe, English and French. The Johnstons entertained a variety of trappers, explorers, traders, and government officials, especially during the years before the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States.
For more than 140 years, the settlement was a single community under French colonial, and later, British colonial rule. After the War of 1812, a US–UK Joint Boundary Commission finally fixed the border in 1817 between the Michigan Territory of the US and the British Province of Upper Canada to follow the river in this area. Whereas traders had formerly moved freely through the whole area, the United States forbade Canadian traders from operating in the United States, which reduced their trade and disrupted the area's economy. The American and Canadian communities of Sault Ste. Marie were each incorporated as independent municipalities toward the end of the 19th century.
As a result of the fur trade, the settlement attracted Ojibwe and Ottawa, Métis, and ethnic Europeans of various nationalities. It was a two-tiered society, with fur traders (who had capital) and their families and upper-class Ojibwe in the upper echelon. In the aftermath of the War of 1812, however, the community's society changed markedly.
The U.S. built Fort Brady near the settlement, introducing new troops and settlers, mostly Anglo-American. The UK and the US settled on a new northern boundary in 1817, dividing the US and Canada along St. Mary's River. The US prohibited British fur traders from operating in the United States. After completion of the Erie Canal in New York State in 1825 (expanded in 1832), the number of settlers migrating to Ohio and Michigan increased dramatically from New York and New England, bringing with them the Yankee culture of the Northern Tier. Their numbers overwhelmed the cosmopolitan culture of the earlier settlers. They practiced more discrimination against Native Americans and Métis.
The falls proved a choke point for shipping between the Great Lakes. Early ships traveling to and from Lake Superior were portaged around the rapids[8] in a lengthy process (much like moving a house) that could take weeks. Later, only the cargoes were unloaded, hauled around the rapids, and then loaded onto other ships waiting below the rapids. The first American lock, the State Lock, was built in 1855; it was instrumental in improving shipping. The lock has been expanded and improved over the years.
In 1900, Northwestern Leather Company opened a tannery in Sault Ste. Marie. The tannery was founded to process leather for the upper parts of shoes, which was finer than that for soles. After the factory closed in 1958, the property was sold to Filborn Limestone, a subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corporation.
In March 1938 during the Great Depression, Sophia Nolte Pullar bequeathed $70,000 for construction of the Pullar Community Building, which opened in 1939. This building held an indoor ice rink composed of artificial ice, then a revolutionary concept. The ice rink is still owned by the city." - info from Wikipedia.
Now on Instagram.
In downtown Steubenville, Ohio, on July 8th, 2020, on the west side of the alley "South Court Street," north of Adams Street.
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Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names terms:
• Jefferson (county) (1002519)
• Steubenville (2082033)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus terms:
• alleys (streets) (300008248)
• brick (clay material) (300010463)
• commercial buildings (300005147)
• concrete blocks (300374976)
• glass block (300374977)
• summer (season) (300133099)
• vines (300132406)
• Vitaceae (300389834)
Wikidata items:
• 8 July 2020 (Q57396808)
• July 8 (Q2692)
• July 2020 (Q55281154)
• National Register of Historic Places (Q3719)
• Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Q157979)
• Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV Combined Statistical Area (Q55641455)
• Treaty of Greenville (Q767317)
• Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area (Q7980367)
Library of Congress Subject Headings:
• Concrete masonry (sh85030722)
• Urban plants (sh85141312)