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KONSTRUCTIVE TANZANITE STEEL
High-Performance 29er / 27.5-Plus All-Mountain Bike by Konstructive Frame Builders / Bike Rahmenbau Carbon & Steel
•Fortschrittlichste Stahl-Rahmen-Technologie
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TECHNISCHE DATEN DES ABGEBILDETEN BIKES
Modell: TANZANITE XT ELITE Bike
Größe / Gewicht Bike / Gewicht Rahmen: Large / 10,3 kg / 2.300 g
Design Style: Konstructive Pure Steel
High-Performance 29er / 27.5-Plus All-Mountain Bike
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SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PICTURED BIKE
Model name: TANZANITE XT ELITE Bike
Size / Bike weight / Frame weight: Large / 10,3 kg / 2.300 g
Design Style and color: Konstructive Pure Carbon
Konstructive Cycles Berlin
Further details via Revolution Sports Distribution. www.revolutionsports.eu
WHO
Konstructive Cycles is a German cycling brand. Konstructive Custom Dream Bikes and accessories are designed in Berlin, Germany and hand made by the best craftsmen in Europe. Konstructive Cycles Berlin are distributed by RevolutionSports.eu.
WHAT
Konstruktive Cycles develops high performance carbon and steel Bikes, components, high-end accessories and functional clothing. The bike categories include Road Bikes, Cyclo-Cross Bikes, Mountain Bikes as well as niche products. We offer complete bicycles with various build kit options and individual frames. Our products are for bike enthusiasts and weight conscious riders and racers (weight weenies).
WHY
Konstruktive Cycles offers quality instead of quantity and focuses on the most important details. The era of individualization has started. Konstructive Cycles Berlin would like to build your exclusive Dream Bike tailored to your specific needs.
HOW
Get more information and start to configure your ultimate Dream Bike on our Website: www.konstructive.de.
Get in touch with us and support products made in Germany and Europe!
KONSTRUCTIVE CYCLES BERLIN
WER
Konstruktive Cycles ist eine deutsche Marke Konstruktive Cycles Berlin Produkte werden in Berlin entwickelt und gestaltet (Design Made in Germany) und von den besten Handwerkern in Europa gefertigt (Made in Europe). Die Firma RevolutionSports.eu vertreibt die hochwertige Dream Bikes (Traumbikes) und Zubehörprodukte.
WAS
Konstruktive Cycles entwickelt Hochleistungs-Bikes aus Carbon und Stahl, Komponenten sowie exklusives Zubehör und Funktionsbekleidung. Zu den Bike-Kategorien zählen Rennräder, Cyclo-Cross Bikes, Mountain Bikes und zahlreiche Sonderlösungen. Wir bieten komplette Bikes mit vielfältigen Ausstattungsoptionen und einzelne Rahmen an. Unsere Produkte werden für Bike-Enthusiasten entwickelt, die besonderen Wert auf Qualität und ein niedriges Gewicht ihres Bikes legen.
WARUM
Konstruktive Cycles bietet Klasse anstatt Massenware und legt großen Wert auf alle wichtigen Details. Für uns hat die Ära der Individualisierung begonnen. Konstruktive Cycles fertigt Ihr individuelles Traumbike, zugeschnitten auf Ihre persönlichen Wünsche.
WIE
Nutzen Sie die Informationen auf unserer Website und konfigurieren Sie Ihr ultimatives Traumbike: www.konstructive.de.
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ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2022. ITALIA / USA - Aggiornare: 'Petrolio - Ladri di bellezza 2018/2022'; Gli studiosi italiani: "Musei negli USA - Restituisci quello che hai rubato!"; in: RAI 1 HD / VIDEO (2018) & Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / Fb (08/2022) = "Il Getty Museum di Los Angeles restituirà all’Italia un antico gruppo scultoreo"; in: ARTRIBUNE & LOS ANGELES TIMES, USA (11/08/2022) [Italiano & English]. wp.me/pbMWvy-337
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018); s.v., Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154274
** Nota: tutte le fotografie qui sono dal video – “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018) / Foto & Video [1:26]; o specificato ed elencato come un’altra fonte citata. **
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888651
1). ITALIA / USA - "Petrolio Ladri di bellezza"; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018) / Foto & Video [1:26].
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154079
Alla luce degli ultimi risvolti giudiziari e dopo aver acceso i riflettori sulla vicenda dell'Atleta di Fano di Lisippo, la statua in bronzo datata tra il IV e il Il secolo a.C., il capolavoro trafugato nell'Adriatico e venduto illegalmente al Getty Museum quarant'anni fa, "Petrolio - Ladri di bellezza" torna ad occuparsi del traffico di reperti archeologici, ricostruendo la rete capillare di contatti, rapporti, scambi di denaro che ha generato il quarto mercato illecito del mondo.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888726
Grazie al lavoro di inchiesta durato un anno attraverso fonti esclusive e testimonianze uniche di magistrati, carabinieri, uomini dell'FBI, esperti ed archeologi, "Petrolio", documenta i legami tra organizzazioni malavitose, mondo del collezionismo e i più importanti musei del mondo. Duilio Giammaria va negli Stati Uniti sulle tracce del traffico miliardario di reperti archeologici. In California intervista in esclusiva Timothy Potts, direttore del Getty Museum, in merito alla questione del bronzo di Lisippo. Un viaggio che prosegue a Ginevra, luogo di transito di molti dei reperti trafugati e a Cambridge dove l'archeologo forense Christos Tsirogiannis spiega il ruolo delle case d'asta in questo commercio illecito. Ospiti di Petrolio il critico d'arte Vittorio Sgarbi, lo storico dell'arte Tomaso Montanari e il tenente colonnello Nicola Candido, comandante del reparto operativo dei carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale.
Fonte / source: Video & foto:
--- RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018) / Foto & Video [1:26].
www.raiplay.it/video/2018/11/Petrolio-2e271483-c1ca-4e3c-...
Foto: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888541
2). ITALIA / USA - SE E' VERO, BISOGNA FESTEGGIARE!!!!!! Ricordate l'interrogazione 3-01243 di novembre 2019 dedicata proprio ad Orfeo e le Sirene? Fonte: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
Foto: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado et al., in: Senato della Repubblica / Legislatura 18 Atto di Sindacato Ispettivo n° 3-01243; Atto n. 3-01243 (in Commissione). Pubblicato il 20 novembre 2019, nella seduta n. 167; Svolto nella seduta n. 181 della 7ª Commissione (05/08/2020).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280370960
Chi volesse rinfrescarsi la memoria, può aprire questo link:
--- Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado et al., Senato della Repubblica / Legislatura 18 Atto di Sindacato Ispettivo n° 3-01243; Atto n. 3-01243 (in Commissione). Pubblicato il 20 novembre 2019, nella seduta n. 167; Svolto nella seduta n. 181 della 7ª Commissione (05/08/2020).
Fonte / source:
--- Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / Fb (11/08/2022);
www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100058012031617
--- Anche: Senato della Repubblica / Legislatura 18 Atto di Sindacato Ispettivo n° 3-01243; Atto n. 3-01243 (in Commissione) [11/08/2022].
www.senato.it/japp/bgt/showdoc/18/Sindisp/0/1128243/index...
Foto: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022); s.v., Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154054
2.1). ITALIA / USA - ADELANTE, PEDRO, CUM JUICIO, SI PUEDES...
Eccola qui la prova del delitto (fotogramma tratto dal filmato trasmesso dalla trasmissione "Petrolio") ma il 2 luglio 2020 il (futuro) MinC mi rispondeva come leggete... Fonte: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
Fonte / source:
--- Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / Fb (11/08/2022);
www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100058012031617
Foto: ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904772
3). ITALIA / USA - Il Getty Museum di Los Angeles restituirà all’Italia un antico gruppo scultoreo. ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
COME PREVISTO DALLA POLICY DEL GRANDE MUSEO LOSANGELINO, CHE OBBLIGA AL RIMPATRIO DELLE OPERE SOTTRATTE ILLEGALMENTE, ORFEO E LE SIRENE TORNERANNO A SETTEMBRE 2022 A ROMA, SEGUITI DA ALTRI MANUFATTI IN UN SECONDO MOMENTO.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904902
Un momento storico per le restituzioni, e per l’Italia. Il J. Paul Getty Museum di Los Angeles ha annunciato oggi che restituirà al Paese il Gruppo scultoreo di un Poeta Seduto e Sirene, un gruppo di figure in terracotta a grandezza naturale della seconda metà del IV secolo a.C. proveniente dalla colonia magnogreca di Taranto, noto anche come Orfeo e le Sirene. Il museo statunitense starebbe inoltre collaborando con il Ministero della Cultura per organizzare la restituzione di altri quattro manufatti, a data da destinarsi. Il gigantesco museo a capo dell’omonimo centro per le arti ha già rimosso i manufatti dal percorso di visita in preparazione per il trasporto a Roma a settembre (peraltro molto difficile, vista la fragilità delle sculture), dove saranno affidati al Ministero della Cultura.
Foto: ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154144
IL GRUPPO SCULTOREO ORFEO E LE SIRENE
La restituzione non è per l’Italia una vera e propria sorpresa, dato che già all’inizio del 2006 l’opera compariva in un elenco di manufatti di cui si rivendicava il possesso e si chiedeva la restituzione. Stando alla commissione permanente in Senato su Istruzione pubblica, beni culturali, ricerca scientifica, spettacolo e sport riunitasi nell’agosto 2020, “il bene, databile secondo la maggior parte degli studiosi nell’ambito della seconda metà del IV secolo a.C., si compone di tre statue, originariamente policrome: due figure femminili stanti (140 per 55 centimetri circa), riconoscibili come sirene in base alla conformazione ornitomorfa della parte inferiore del corpo, e una figura maschile seduta, vestita del solo mantello, variamente identificata come poeta, come Orfeo o semplicemente come un defunto del quale poteva costituire parte del monumento sepolcrale.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154234
La figura maschile impugna con la mano destra un oggetto allungato, probabilmente il manico di un plektron, secondo l’interpretazione di Bottini e Guzzo, che ipotizzano nell’altra mano l’originaria presenza di uno strumento a corda. L’opera è riconducibile con certezza al patrimonio culturale italiano e proviene probabilmente dal territorio tarantino”. Lo stesso Getty Trust, si legge ancora nel verbale del Senato, aveva sottoscritto nel 2007 una convenzione con l’allora Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali che aveva permesso il rientro in Italia di molti beni preziosi e che stabiliva l’impegno del Ministero a “interpellare previamente il Getty Trust prima di procedere al recupero di beni archeologici dei quali sia acquisita la prova della provenienza da scavo clandestino e/o oggetto di esportazione illegittima dall’Italia di beni archeologici presenti nelle collezioni del Getty Trust
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904892
“. Sono passati un po’ di anni, certo, ma la collaborazione si può ora dire fruttuosa, nonostante i trascorsi anche burrascosi (vedasi la condanna del tribunale di Pesaro di qualche anno fa).
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154259
LA POLICY DI RESTITUZIONE DEL GETTY MUSEUM DEI MANUFATTI SOTTRATTI ILLECITAMENTE
Il Getty – un’istituzione di livello globale con una enorme collezione che va dalle opere greche alle fotografie del Novecento – ha adempiuto così alla propria policy di restituzione dei manufatti al Paese d’origine, obbligatoria nel caso in cui vi siano informazioni affidabili a indicare che siano stati rubati o scavati illegalmente. “Grazie alle informazioni fornite da Matthew Bogdanos e dall’Unità per il traffico di antichità dell’ufficio del procuratore distrettuale di Manhattan che indicano lo scavo illegale di Orfeo e delle sirene, abbiamo deciso che questi oggetti dovrebbero essere restituiti”, hanno dichiarato i direttori Timothy Potts, Maria Hummer-Tuttle e Robert Tuttle.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154264
Ma non finisce qui: secondo ricercatori dell’istituzione e studiosi indipendenti, bisognerà restituire anche una colossale testa in marmo di una divinità del II secolo d.C.; uno stampo in pietra del II secolo d.C. per la fusione di pendenti; un dipinto a olio intitolato Oracolo a Delfi (1881) di Camillo Miola; e un thymiaterion in bronzo etrusco del IV secolo a.C. I primi tre di questi oggetti furono acquisiti dal fondatore J. Paul Getty e dal Getty Museum negli anni ’70, il quarto nel 1996, e nessuno di loro è più stato esposto al pubblico negli ultimi anni. “Apprezziamo il nostro forte e fruttuoso rapporto con il Ministero della Cultura italiano e con i nostri numerosi colleghi archeologi, conservatori, curatoriali e altri studiosi in tutta Italia, con i quali condividiamo la missione di promuovere la conservazione del patrimonio culturale antico“, ha affermato il direttore Potts.
Fonte / source, foto:
--- ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
www.artribune.com/arti-visive/archeologia-arte-antica/202...
Foto: The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280378020
4). ITALIA / USA - Getty to return illegally excavated Orpheus sculptures, some great antiquities, to Italy. The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
The J. Paul Getty Museum is returning its Orpheus group of sculptures — a culturally significant group of nearly life-size terra-cotta figures known as “Orpheus and the Sirens,” some of the museum’s greatest antiquities — to Italy. The objects, which have been determined to have been illegally excavated and exported, will be sent to Rome in September. The institution is coordinating with Italy’s Ministry of Culture to send four other objects back as well at a future date.
Foto: The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904817
“The Getty is not in a position to comment on information that led to the return of the Orpheus,” spokesperson Julie Jaskol said. “The information was supplied by Matthew Bogdanos of the Antiquities Trafficking Unit of the Manhattan district attorney’s office, who developed the evidence in an investigation unrelated to the Getty. The evidence persuaded us that the statues had been illegally excavated and it was appropriate to return them in accordance with Getty policy.”
Foto: The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904822
Bogdanos was not able to comment given that the investigation is still in progress, a spokesperson for the Manhattan district attorney’s office said.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888581
“This piece is being returned pursuant to an ongoing and active criminal investigation,” the spokesperson said in an email, “which uncovered the antiquity was illegally trafficked.”
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154109
“Orpheus and the Sirens” is extremely fragile, and the museum says it is working on “specially tailored equipment and procedures” regarding its transfer.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279906673
J. Paul Getty purchased the Orpheus sculptures in the spring of 1976. It was among his final acquisitions prior to his June 6 death.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904762
In his diary, which is part of the Getty’s archives, an entry from Saturday, March 6, 1976, notes that he “bought the following objects” including “a group of 3 Greek statues made in Tarentum at the end of the 4th C.B.C.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279906703
They represent a singer Orpheus seated and 2 standing sirens. $550,000 from Bank Leu. All of these naturally were on [Czech American archaeologist Jiří Frel’s] recommendation.” Frel was the Getty’s antiquities curator from 1973 to 1986.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154284
The $550,000 Getty paid in 1976 is equivalent to around $3 million today, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ CPI Inflation Calculator.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280371120
The Orpheus group of sculptures is an incredibly important work to the Getty. It has been on view, in a ground floor gallery at the Getty Villa, since it was acquired more than four decades ago.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904857
“It is a very important work. I’d even say one of the most important in the [Getty Museum’s] collection,” Getty Museum director Timothy Potts said in an interview. “So it will be a loss as to what we can represent about the art of the ancient classical world, in this case southern Italy in the late fourth century B.C.”
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888676
Potts said the work is especially unique because of its scale, quality and subject matter — it suggests the mythical story of Jason and the Argonauts, which would make the sculpture’s seated man, who plays a harp-like instrument, Orpheus.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904867
“It’s just extremely rare and there’s nothing similar in our collection, or closely similar in any collection,” Potts said. “It does leave a hole in our gallery but with this evidence that came forth, there was no question that it needed to be sent back to Italy.”
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154224
“We value our strong and fruitful relationship with the Italian Ministry of Culture and with our many archaeological, conservation, curatorial, and other scholarly colleagues throughout Italy, with whom we share a mission to advance the preservation of ancient cultural heritage,” Potts said in a statement.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154229
The other pieces being returned to Italy — none of which have been exhibited in recent years — are a colossal marble head of a divinity and a limestone mold for casting pendants, both from the second century A.D., along with a 19th century oil painting by Camillo Miola, “The Oracle,” and an Etruscan bronze thymiaterion, a ceremonial incense burner, from the fourth century B.C. The latter was acquired by the Getty in 1996 while the other three objects were acquired in the 1970s.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280371150
Fonte / source, foto:
--- The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2022-08-11/getty...
The rear of the T-shirt says: "Supporting lesbian, gay, bisexual & trans homeless young people".
That's a very specific target of people to support.
Presumably he is a Street Fundraiser, or Chugger "Charity Mugger" (if one wants be less generous with the description). He is waiting for a bus home after a long day trying to get people to sign up to a small monthly donation via direct debit.
Just so everything is clear, I've posted this picture as this is an unusual sight and I'm slightly taken aback at how narrow the target of people they will help. No other reason.
Nice stripey Taxi on the road.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_fundraising
The Albert Kennedy Trust
In 1989, 16 year old Albert Kennedy fell to his death from the top of a car park in Manchester whilst trying to escape from a group of homophobic bullies pursuing him in a car. Albert was a runaway from a children's home and was suffering depression. In his short life he had experienced rejection and abuse from society.
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2022. ITALIA / USA - Aggiornare: 'Petrolio - Ladri di bellezza 2018/2022'; Gli studiosi italiani: "Musei negli USA - Restituisci quello che hai rubato!"; in: RAI 1 HD / VIDEO (2018) & Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / Fb (08/2022) = "Il Getty Museum di Los Angeles restituirà all’Italia un antico gruppo scultoreo"; in: ARTRIBUNE & LOS ANGELES TIMES, USA (11/08/2022) [Italiano & English]. wp.me/pbMWvy-337
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018); s.v., Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154274
** Nota: tutte le fotografie qui sono dal video – “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018) / Foto & Video [1:26]; o specificato ed elencato come un’altra fonte citata. **
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888651
1). ITALIA / USA - "Petrolio Ladri di bellezza"; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018) / Foto & Video [1:26].
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154079
Alla luce degli ultimi risvolti giudiziari e dopo aver acceso i riflettori sulla vicenda dell'Atleta di Fano di Lisippo, la statua in bronzo datata tra il IV e il Il secolo a.C., il capolavoro trafugato nell'Adriatico e venduto illegalmente al Getty Museum quarant'anni fa, "Petrolio - Ladri di bellezza" torna ad occuparsi del traffico di reperti archeologici, ricostruendo la rete capillare di contatti, rapporti, scambi di denaro che ha generato il quarto mercato illecito del mondo.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888726
Grazie al lavoro di inchiesta durato un anno attraverso fonti esclusive e testimonianze uniche di magistrati, carabinieri, uomini dell'FBI, esperti ed archeologi, "Petrolio", documenta i legami tra organizzazioni malavitose, mondo del collezionismo e i più importanti musei del mondo. Duilio Giammaria va negli Stati Uniti sulle tracce del traffico miliardario di reperti archeologici. In California intervista in esclusiva Timothy Potts, direttore del Getty Museum, in merito alla questione del bronzo di Lisippo. Un viaggio che prosegue a Ginevra, luogo di transito di molti dei reperti trafugati e a Cambridge dove l'archeologo forense Christos Tsirogiannis spiega il ruolo delle case d'asta in questo commercio illecito. Ospiti di Petrolio il critico d'arte Vittorio Sgarbi, lo storico dell'arte Tomaso Montanari e il tenente colonnello Nicola Candido, comandante del reparto operativo dei carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale.
Fonte / source: Video & foto:
--- RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018) / Foto & Video [1:26].
www.raiplay.it/video/2018/11/Petrolio-2e271483-c1ca-4e3c-...
Foto: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888541
2). ITALIA / USA - SE E' VERO, BISOGNA FESTEGGIARE!!!!!! Ricordate l'interrogazione 3-01243 di novembre 2019 dedicata proprio ad Orfeo e le Sirene? Fonte: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
Foto: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado et al., in: Senato della Repubblica / Legislatura 18 Atto di Sindacato Ispettivo n° 3-01243; Atto n. 3-01243 (in Commissione). Pubblicato il 20 novembre 2019, nella seduta n. 167; Svolto nella seduta n. 181 della 7ª Commissione (05/08/2020).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280370960
Chi volesse rinfrescarsi la memoria, può aprire questo link:
--- Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado et al., Senato della Repubblica / Legislatura 18 Atto di Sindacato Ispettivo n° 3-01243; Atto n. 3-01243 (in Commissione). Pubblicato il 20 novembre 2019, nella seduta n. 167; Svolto nella seduta n. 181 della 7ª Commissione (05/08/2020).
Fonte / source:
--- Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / Fb (11/08/2022);
www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100058012031617
--- Anche: Senato della Repubblica / Legislatura 18 Atto di Sindacato Ispettivo n° 3-01243; Atto n. 3-01243 (in Commissione) [11/08/2022].
www.senato.it/japp/bgt/showdoc/18/Sindisp/0/1128243/index...
Foto: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022); s.v., Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154054
2.1). ITALIA / USA - ADELANTE, PEDRO, CUM JUICIO, SI PUEDES...
Eccola qui la prova del delitto (fotogramma tratto dal filmato trasmesso dalla trasmissione "Petrolio") ma il 2 luglio 2020 il (futuro) MinC mi rispondeva come leggete... Fonte: Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / FB (11/08/2022).
Fonte / source:
--- Senatrice & Archeologa Margherita Corrado / Fb (11/08/2022);
www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100058012031617
Foto: ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904772
3). ITALIA / USA - Il Getty Museum di Los Angeles restituirà all’Italia un antico gruppo scultoreo. ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
COME PREVISTO DALLA POLICY DEL GRANDE MUSEO LOSANGELINO, CHE OBBLIGA AL RIMPATRIO DELLE OPERE SOTTRATTE ILLEGALMENTE, ORFEO E LE SIRENE TORNERANNO A SETTEMBRE 2022 A ROMA, SEGUITI DA ALTRI MANUFATTI IN UN SECONDO MOMENTO.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904902
Un momento storico per le restituzioni, e per l’Italia. Il J. Paul Getty Museum di Los Angeles ha annunciato oggi che restituirà al Paese il Gruppo scultoreo di un Poeta Seduto e Sirene, un gruppo di figure in terracotta a grandezza naturale della seconda metà del IV secolo a.C. proveniente dalla colonia magnogreca di Taranto, noto anche come Orfeo e le Sirene. Il museo statunitense starebbe inoltre collaborando con il Ministero della Cultura per organizzare la restituzione di altri quattro manufatti, a data da destinarsi. Il gigantesco museo a capo dell’omonimo centro per le arti ha già rimosso i manufatti dal percorso di visita in preparazione per il trasporto a Roma a settembre (peraltro molto difficile, vista la fragilità delle sculture), dove saranno affidati al Ministero della Cultura.
Foto: ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154144
IL GRUPPO SCULTOREO ORFEO E LE SIRENE
La restituzione non è per l’Italia una vera e propria sorpresa, dato che già all’inizio del 2006 l’opera compariva in un elenco di manufatti di cui si rivendicava il possesso e si chiedeva la restituzione. Stando alla commissione permanente in Senato su Istruzione pubblica, beni culturali, ricerca scientifica, spettacolo e sport riunitasi nell’agosto 2020, “il bene, databile secondo la maggior parte degli studiosi nell’ambito della seconda metà del IV secolo a.C., si compone di tre statue, originariamente policrome: due figure femminili stanti (140 per 55 centimetri circa), riconoscibili come sirene in base alla conformazione ornitomorfa della parte inferiore del corpo, e una figura maschile seduta, vestita del solo mantello, variamente identificata come poeta, come Orfeo o semplicemente come un defunto del quale poteva costituire parte del monumento sepolcrale.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154234
La figura maschile impugna con la mano destra un oggetto allungato, probabilmente il manico di un plektron, secondo l’interpretazione di Bottini e Guzzo, che ipotizzano nell’altra mano l’originaria presenza di uno strumento a corda. L’opera è riconducibile con certezza al patrimonio culturale italiano e proviene probabilmente dal territorio tarantino”. Lo stesso Getty Trust, si legge ancora nel verbale del Senato, aveva sottoscritto nel 2007 una convenzione con l’allora Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali che aveva permesso il rientro in Italia di molti beni preziosi e che stabiliva l’impegno del Ministero a “interpellare previamente il Getty Trust prima di procedere al recupero di beni archeologici dei quali sia acquisita la prova della provenienza da scavo clandestino e/o oggetto di esportazione illegittima dall’Italia di beni archeologici presenti nelle collezioni del Getty Trust
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904892
“. Sono passati un po’ di anni, certo, ma la collaborazione si può ora dire fruttuosa, nonostante i trascorsi anche burrascosi (vedasi la condanna del tribunale di Pesaro di qualche anno fa).
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154259
LA POLICY DI RESTITUZIONE DEL GETTY MUSEUM DEI MANUFATTI SOTTRATTI ILLECITAMENTE
Il Getty – un’istituzione di livello globale con una enorme collezione che va dalle opere greche alle fotografie del Novecento – ha adempiuto così alla propria policy di restituzione dei manufatti al Paese d’origine, obbligatoria nel caso in cui vi siano informazioni affidabili a indicare che siano stati rubati o scavati illegalmente. “Grazie alle informazioni fornite da Matthew Bogdanos e dall’Unità per il traffico di antichità dell’ufficio del procuratore distrettuale di Manhattan che indicano lo scavo illegale di Orfeo e delle sirene, abbiamo deciso che questi oggetti dovrebbero essere restituiti”, hanno dichiarato i direttori Timothy Potts, Maria Hummer-Tuttle e Robert Tuttle.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154264
Ma non finisce qui: secondo ricercatori dell’istituzione e studiosi indipendenti, bisognerà restituire anche una colossale testa in marmo di una divinità del II secolo d.C.; uno stampo in pietra del II secolo d.C. per la fusione di pendenti; un dipinto a olio intitolato Oracolo a Delfi (1881) di Camillo Miola; e un thymiaterion in bronzo etrusco del IV secolo a.C. I primi tre di questi oggetti furono acquisiti dal fondatore J. Paul Getty e dal Getty Museum negli anni ’70, il quarto nel 1996, e nessuno di loro è più stato esposto al pubblico negli ultimi anni. “Apprezziamo il nostro forte e fruttuoso rapporto con il Ministero della Cultura italiano e con i nostri numerosi colleghi archeologi, conservatori, curatoriali e altri studiosi in tutta Italia, con i quali condividiamo la missione di promuovere la conservazione del patrimonio culturale antico“, ha affermato il direttore Potts.
Fonte / source, foto:
--- ARTIBUNE (11/08/2022).
www.artribune.com/arti-visive/archeologia-arte-antica/202...
Foto: The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280378020
4). ITALIA / USA - Getty to return illegally excavated Orpheus sculptures, some great antiquities, to Italy. The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
The J. Paul Getty Museum is returning its Orpheus group of sculptures — a culturally significant group of nearly life-size terra-cotta figures known as “Orpheus and the Sirens,” some of the museum’s greatest antiquities — to Italy. The objects, which have been determined to have been illegally excavated and exported, will be sent to Rome in September. The institution is coordinating with Italy’s Ministry of Culture to send four other objects back as well at a future date.
Foto: The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904817
“The Getty is not in a position to comment on information that led to the return of the Orpheus,” spokesperson Julie Jaskol said. “The information was supplied by Matthew Bogdanos of the Antiquities Trafficking Unit of the Manhattan district attorney’s office, who developed the evidence in an investigation unrelated to the Getty. The evidence persuaded us that the statues had been illegally excavated and it was appropriate to return them in accordance with Getty policy.”
Foto: The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904822
Bogdanos was not able to comment given that the investigation is still in progress, a spokesperson for the Manhattan district attorney’s office said.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888581
“This piece is being returned pursuant to an ongoing and active criminal investigation,” the spokesperson said in an email, “which uncovered the antiquity was illegally trafficked.”
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154109
“Orpheus and the Sirens” is extremely fragile, and the museum says it is working on “specially tailored equipment and procedures” regarding its transfer.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279906673
J. Paul Getty purchased the Orpheus sculptures in the spring of 1976. It was among his final acquisitions prior to his June 6 death.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904762
In his diary, which is part of the Getty’s archives, an entry from Saturday, March 6, 1976, notes that he “bought the following objects” including “a group of 3 Greek statues made in Tarentum at the end of the 4th C.B.C.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279906703
They represent a singer Orpheus seated and 2 standing sirens. $550,000 from Bank Leu. All of these naturally were on [Czech American archaeologist Jiří Frel’s] recommendation.” Frel was the Getty’s antiquities curator from 1973 to 1986.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154284
The $550,000 Getty paid in 1976 is equivalent to around $3 million today, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ CPI Inflation Calculator.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280371120
The Orpheus group of sculptures is an incredibly important work to the Getty. It has been on view, in a ground floor gallery at the Getty Villa, since it was acquired more than four decades ago.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904857
“It is a very important work. I’d even say one of the most important in the [Getty Museum’s] collection,” Getty Museum director Timothy Potts said in an interview. “So it will be a loss as to what we can represent about the art of the ancient classical world, in this case southern Italy in the late fourth century B.C.”
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52279888676
Potts said the work is especially unique because of its scale, quality and subject matter — it suggests the mythical story of Jason and the Argonauts, which would make the sculpture’s seated man, who plays a harp-like instrument, Orpheus.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52278904867
“It’s just extremely rare and there’s nothing similar in our collection, or closely similar in any collection,” Potts said. “It does leave a hole in our gallery but with this evidence that came forth, there was no question that it needed to be sent back to Italy.”
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154224
“We value our strong and fruitful relationship with the Italian Ministry of Culture and with our many archaeological, conservation, curatorial, and other scholarly colleagues throughout Italy, with whom we share a mission to advance the preservation of ancient cultural heritage,” Potts said in a statement.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280154229
The other pieces being returned to Italy — none of which have been exhibited in recent years — are a colossal marble head of a divinity and a limestone mold for casting pendants, both from the second century A.D., along with a 19th century oil painting by Camillo Miola, “The Oracle,” and an Etruscan bronze thymiaterion, a ceremonial incense burner, from the fourth century B.C. The latter was acquired by the Getty in 1996 while the other three objects were acquired in the 1970s.
Foto: “Petrolio Ladri di bellezza”; in: RAI 1 HD (08/12/2018).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52280371150
Fonte / source, foto:
--- The Los Angele Times, USA (11 Aug., 2022).
www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2022-08-11/getty...
Riff, PD#18245, a land art monument celebrating 100 years of the Zuiderzee Act
A collaboration of artist Bob Gramsma and engineer WaltGalmarini AG
Riff, PD#18245 is a site-specific work, a Land Art monument. The tectonic work looks like it is emerging from the natural-cultural landscape and, at the same time, helps to frame it. A mound of soil was heaped up on a foundation of slanted pillars. Large cavities were dug into the mound and then cast in concrete, thus creating an inverted sculptural reproduction of the void in the mound. Afterwards, the mound was removed, and the concrete sculpture cleaned of loose soil and sand. The result is a large-scale work, supported by three stalactite-shaped concrete volumes and the pillars of the foundation, which are partially visible. The monument is in context with the horizon, the landscape and the sunset. A stairway leads up to the top of the structure, inviting visitors to overview its surface.
The process of digging uses the labour of construction to create traces of landscape – space without architecture. The sculpture re-interprets the material and historical conditions of the site. The slightly slanted volume echoes characteristics of the Polder, like dikes, ditches, canals, plots, embankment, drainage, extraction, renaturation and depilution (vertical segregation). At the same time, Riff, PD#18245 also appears foreign in this environment – a hull resting on slanted pillars, aligned with the dikes. It is reminiscent of other interventions in this particular landscape: water management, flood protections, the signs of the transition from fishing to agriculture, and the renaturation of the landscape. It literally emerges from, and melds into, the artificial topography, the geology, the IJsselmeer polder and the Zuiderzee bed.
At the same time, Riff, PD#18245 is a trace of the artistic and the production process, outlining an interstice between the present and the past. The trace as an index of the working process creates a nexus between time and spatiality. The monumental blueprint of an excavation, which has long since disappeared, turns into a poetic sculpture, a hollow resonant body with a natural patina growing over time. Riff, PD#18245 looks southwest westward across the renatured land in the direction of the sunset and the amusement parks, providing a visual link to the Veluwemeer and the Flevopolder, the largest man-made island and its physical vastness.
Riff, PD#18245 becomes a space for the audience to project, or to reanimate, their understanding of the site, its history and its present. The sculpture is at once a tool to reflect on history and an incitement for the viewer to dream those stories. It is a way of visualizing both absence and presence, a sculpted ghost, or spirit, that opens up a new space for rethinking the relationship between material and memory. It is a residue of memory, honouring the past, while serving the present. By means of the elemental exposure of the earth, the missing cast, and the past that it encapsulates, we are reminded that earth and its history — as well as the cosmic forces or energies shaping it — are beyond human intelligibility. But we can try to understand, or appreciate, their unfathomable presence in time as we access this exhumed vestige.
Production
After creating a foundation by driving piles deep into the ground, a huge mound (70 x 40 x 7 m, 15.000 m3) was heaped up on top of it, consisting of sand and clay from the agricultural land and from the bottom of the Zuiderzee on the site. A wide sinkhole, reaching 2 m under sea level, and two narrow deep pits, reaching down to the level of the pillars, were dug into the mound. Reinforcement structures were built, and concrete poured and pneumatically projected into the cavities to produce an inverted sculptural reproduction of the empty space. After the concrete had dried, the heaped-up soil was bulldozed away and returned to build the new environment for the New Nature Programme. An immersive sculpture, whose platform hovers above the ground, is revealed. A small staircase cuts into the platform. The piece is approx. 37,5 m long, 13 m wide and 7 m high.
Using the local soil as false work, as well as formwork, and reusing it after the production for the new reserve is a very ecological, as well as economical, casting technique. It allows to produce an intricate seamless hollow concrete cast in one piece. After the structure was cleaned, it is ready for the public and the winds to take over. Within time, an ecosystem will evolve on the inside of the hollow body, and the surface will be partly covered with moss, chalk, and salt efflorescence. Little gaps in the shell enable insects and animals to build viable habitats inside the hollow body. The whole production process was open to the public to provide an in-depth vision and understanding in the making of Riff, PD#18245. The sculpture itself thus starts to generate memories in the minds of the audience – a process that will continue well into the future as weather and nature gradually take over the sculpture, altering its shape and functions over time, while the wind is playing on its resonant body.
Text: Martin Jaeggi
Created by Rebecca Jordan (Schaefer lab)
This acrylic-painted canvas represents the work of the Burdakov, Margrie and Schaefer labs in the Neurophysiology Division. Over the years, Neurophysiology at NIMR has both pioneered and employed contemporary techniques to dissect out the function of neural circuits, often using genetic approaches to target specific populations of neurons.
The canvas displays an example: the neurons pictured represent elements of the olfactory bulb circuit. The green neurons (expressing GFP) are mitral cells, and the red cells (expressing mCherry) are the abundant inhibitory interneurons, granule cells. A dye-filled patch pipette has been guided via two-photon imaging to one of the mitral cells in order to record its electrical activity via whole cell patch, while labelling the individual cell in yellow. Overlaid in white represents the kind of high-resolution electrophysiological read out from such a recording - the iconic shape of an action potential. This of course only represents a small aspect of the past work and ongoing cutting edge research of the Neurophysiology division.
DNA Art Gallery LLC is the only DNA Art company that makes portraits from specific genes for love, happiness, intelligence, creativity, passion, success, self control & faithfulness. DNA Art Paintings available at DNAartgallery.com.
Side Specific
2009
T.A.M.A.
Project "Side Effects"
Collectif (Lucy Ota, Maria Papadimiitriou, Gabi Scardi)
(travaux sur la situation des Roms en Europe)
Musée d'art contemporain
10ème Biennale de Lyon
Patriots’ Day brought to life all that the fifth-grade students have learned about the American Revolution. Students took part in gender-specific classes as one would have done in the 1800’s. In period-specific costumes and persona, the boys experienced militia training and learned Latin. The girls experienced refinement training that included lessons in conversation and sewing and even had a period-proper tea. The training was under the direction of a trained school master and lady of genteel. The students sampled period-specific snacks and participated in 19th century dancing and crafts such as knot tying, candle making, copper making and corn husk dolls. The crescendo to this day-long event was playing a role in the reenactment of a revolutionary wartime reception.
Ask each one of the catering services probably the most relevant questions with regards to the located event. Questions you should ask might connect with availability on the specific date, kind of menus, capability to help with particular needs, and also the deposit and payment needs.
spray paint on safety cabinets
stie specific artwork @ Casa Delle Letterature - Rome
time lapse here:
From The Consumerist, a graphic comparison of American Airlines' gender-specific search engines. (Posted for my RHET 3401 class.)
“Associated” is a site specific show in a severely damaged brownstone, currently with a Vacate Order, issued by the DOB. As you may recall, the huge fire on Nov 12th 2010 at the Associated Supermarket on 5th Avenue and 17th Street not only damaged the supermarket building including the Open Source Gallery, but also a brownstone next door. The 3 family house, the Gallery owners’ home, was also rendered uninhabitable by the blaze.
There is no exact date for the show. There will be a 2 week window when the Vacate Order will be dropped and the contractors will start their work. All participating artists are prepared to install their work any day within the next month.
opening up with the
OPEN SOURCE CARNIVAL
The Carnival involves a public celebration combining some elements of circus, performance, public fair and party. We encourage people to dress-up in costumes during the celebration and to bring a little bit of money for the future of OPEN SOURCE.
Participants
Sara Bouchard, Christian Brown, Reamonn Byrne, Wendy Chu, Ethan Crenson, Hubert Dobler, Peter Feigenbaum, Pirmin Hagen, Fumie Ishii, Der Kommissar, Stefanie Koseff, James Leonard, Loadingdock5, Katerina Marcelja, Amanda C. Mathis, Patrick May, Nolan McKew, Annelise E. Ream, Jason Reppert, Raphaela Riepl, Evan Robarts, Frank Scheiderbauer, Allison Read Smith, Miho Suzuki, Kathleen Vance, Letizia Werth, Lily White, Monika Wuhrer
Sara Schnadt
Network, Domestic Intervention
July 31st – August 21st, 2010
Opening reception Sat July 31st, 3pm – 8pm
Exhibition continues thru Sat Aug 21st by appointment
Sara Schnadt is a Chicago-based performance/installation artist. Raised on an international commune in Scotland, an ‘alternative’ context which considered itself as a social experiment outside of conventional culture, she spent formative years understanding herself as an outsider, an observer. Since moving to the United States in 1986, Sara has become fascinated with the unifying rituals and values that are common threads in contemporary western culture, and has made work that frames and resonates with those common threads.
Formally, Sara makes performance and installations that use task, found objects, interactivity, projection, and movement derived from common gestures. Her work creates environments that shift the audience regularly from spectator to participant as the performer constantly moves between pedestrian and more stylized or evocative activity and the viewer negotiates spacial immersion in the work.
Works often take shape as installations and live activities that translate data visualizations of large quantities of socially-resonant information into material, gestural and poetic form.
Network, Domestic Intervention
Since November 2009, site-specific versions of Network have been created in Chicago for an unused store front downtown and a gallery space at Hyde Park Art Center. For What it is, a version of Network will be created to inhabit the entire house that is the project space and artists’ live-work space and extend out into the garden.
Visualizing the idea that we simultaneously live in a real and virtual world, and that the virtual is infinitely expansive, Network uses large quantities of electric yellow twine (tied in patterns based on both social network structures and Internet network infrastructure) to suggest a virtual network landscape cutting through an otherwise ordinary space.
Artists/curators/residents Tom Burtonwood and Holly Holmes will also live with the work in their home for a month, negotiating their routines around it. A series of photographs will document their activity for the project catalog.
Sara Schnadt is a Chicago-based artist working in new media, installation and performance art. She has shown her in work in Chicago at Hyde Park Art Center, Pop-Up Art Loop temporary gallery series, 12×12: New Artists New Work at the MCA Chicago, Looptopia, the Site Unseen Performance Festival, Balloon Contemporary, and at Antena Gallery. National and international shows include Exchange Rate public projection series in LA and New York, Upgrade! – Chain Reaction in Skopje, Macedonia, CINEA Paris, FreeManifesta in Frankfurt, and the Busan Biennale in Busan, South Korea.
“Associated” is a site specific show in a severely damaged brownstone, currently with a Vacate Order, issued by the DOB. As you may recall, the huge fire on Nov 12th 2010 at the Associated Supermarket on 5th Avenue and 17th Street not only damaged the supermarket building including the Open Source Gallery, but also a brownstone next door. The 3 family house, the Gallery owners’ home, was also rendered uninhabitable by the blaze.
There is no exact date for the show. There will be a 2 week window when the Vacate Order will be dropped and the contractors will start their work. All participating artists are prepared to install their work any day within the next month.
opening up with the
OPEN SOURCE CARNIVAL
The Carnival involves a public celebration combining some elements of circus, performance, public fair and party. We encourage people to dress-up in costumes during the celebration and to bring a little bit of money for the future of OPEN SOURCE.
Participants
Sara Bouchard, Christian Brown, Reamonn Byrne, Wendy Chu, Ethan Crenson, Hubert Dobler, Peter Feigenbaum, Pirmin Hagen, Fumie Ishii, Der Kommissar, Stefanie Koseff, James Leonard, Loadingdock5, Katerina Marcelja, Amanda C. Mathis, Patrick May, Nolan McKew, Annelise E. Ream, Jason Reppert, Raphaela Riepl, Evan Robarts, Frank Scheiderbauer, Allison Read Smith, Miho Suzuki, Kathleen Vance, Letizia Werth, Lily White, Monika Wuhrer
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03
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You don't have to worry if your clothes look good or fit right or are athletic enough. Basic strength exercises at home for weight training at home give you the freedom to wear whatever feels comfortable without a second thought.
04
Your Whole Family Can Join In
As difficult as it is to get yourself to the gym, it’s even harder to get your kids or older relatives there. With a home fitness room, you can be sure that the people under your care are exercising as much as they should in a safe environment.
05
You Can Stick To Your Fitness Routine
Sticking to an exercise routine is easier said than done. You may have all the best intentions, but the hassle of packing up clothes, shampoo, towels, a padlock, and a water bottle, fighting traffic on the way to the gym, and driving circles around the parking lot looking for a space can dim your enthusiasm pretty quickly.
01
You Can Save Time And Skip The Lines
When you factor in packing and unpacking a gym bag, and waiting in line for machines, a half-hour workout could easily turn into a two-hour affair. Strength training home gym equipment allows you to skip the lines and the commute, giving you a stress-free, effective workout in half the time.
02
You Have The Freedom To Exercise When It Works For You
No need to carve out an hour and a half block in your schedule. No need to wait for the perfect timing when traffic on the roads is lighter and the gym is less crowded. With the smart strength training machine, you can jump on the treadmill or elliptical whenever you feel like it.
03
You'll Have The Perfect Exercise Environment
You don't have to worry if your clothes look good or fit right or are athletic enough. Basic strength exercises at home for weight training at home give you the freedom to wear whatever feels comfortable without a second thought.
04
Your Whole Family Can Join In
As difficult as it is to get yourself to the gym, it’s even harder to get your kids or older relatives there. With a home fitness room, you can be sure that the people under your care are exercising as much as they should in a safe environment.
05
You Can Stick To Your Fitness Routine
Sticking to an exercise routine is easier said than done. You may have all the best intentions, but the hassle of packing up clothes, shampoo, towels, a padlock, and a water bottle, fighting traffic on the way to the gym, and driving circles around the parking lot looking for a space can dim your enthusiasm pretty quickly.
01
You Can Save Time And Skip The Lines
When you factor in packing and unpacking a gym bag, and waiting in line for machines, a half-hour workout could easily turn into a two-hour affair. Strength training home gym equipment allows you to skip the lines and the commute, giving you a stress-free, effective workout in half the time.
02
You Have The Freedom To Exercise When It Works For You
No need to carve out an hour and a half block in your schedule. No need to wait for the perfect timing when traffic on the roads is lighter and the gym is less crowded. With the smart strength training machine, you can jump on the treadmill or elliptical whenever you feel like it.
03
You'll Have The Perfect Exercise Environment
You don't have to worry if your clothes look good or fit right or are athletic enough. Basic strength exercises at home for weight training at home give you the freedom to wear whatever feels comfortable without a second thought.
04
03/ 05
Smart Home Gym Strength Training Equipment & Machine Buying Guide
Because the customers have to do at home strength and conditioning workouts, the smart strength training machine should meet the following points:
1. Easy to store, occupying a small space;
2. To meet the needs of multi-part muscle, multi-functional training;
3. Suitable for most people, no matter it is a novice or senior gym person;
4. With high safety factor.
After determining the muscles you want to shape, home gym strength training equipment with smart functions is strongly recommended. This smart fitness equipment provides you with professional fitness guidance, records each training situation, and understands the training progress more intuitively.
Would you like a take a shortcut to a specific Snowman?
01. A Partridge in a Pear Tree (Jodie Silverman) | 02. Two Turtle Doves (Megan Evans) | 03. Three French Hens (Lei-Mai Lemaow) | 04. Four Calling Birds (Jenny Leonard) | 05. Five Gold Rings (Adam Pekr) | 06. Six Geese a-Laying (Matilda Elizabeth) | 07. Seven Swans a-Swimming (Laura-Kate Chapman) | 08. Eight Maids a-Milking (Donna Newman) | 09. Nine Ladies Dancing (Lizzie Rose Chapman) | 10. Ten Lords a-Leaping (Hammo) | 11. Eleven Pipers Piping (Jess Loveday) | 12. Twelve Drummers Drumming (Jessica Perrin)
The Daily Shoot #454: Tell the story of a subject today in a photograph by photographing one specific detail of it.
Situated amidst the calming greenery, a village steeped in ancient animism and rituals, is the home of about 250 artisans carrying forward the tradition of ecstatic wooden mask making for generations. The craft of Gomira dance masks is practiced in a specific area in North Dinajpur district of West Bengal state, India, in and around the village of Mahisbathan (Khunia Danga, Kushmandi Block) located approximately 50km south-east of Raiganj, the district headquarter.
The mask dance (or Mukha Khel) is usually organized in between mid-April to mid-July though there are no fixed dates, but each village in the area organizes at least one Gomira dance during this period according to their convenience, at a central location.
The Gomira dances have distinct forms. The Gomira format is the predominant one, which has characters with strong links to the animist tradition. It is performed to propitiate Gram-Chandi, the female deity, usher in the 'good forces' and drive out the 'evil forces'. Traditionally, the Gomira dance starts with the entry of two characters, Buro-Buri, (old couple). After the initial round of dancing, characters are called on to the arena or stage. They dance to the accompaniment of Dhak (percussion drum ethnic to rural Bengal) and Kansar (bell-metal disk used as cymbal). There are no songs or chants. The dancers choose their own movements, which include rotations and hops.
The craft of Gomira mask-making, in its pristine form, catered to the needs of the dancers (and any villager wishing to give a mask as an offering to the village deity). The masks make part of the costume of the traditional Gomira dance. Themes of the masks are usually spiritual, historic and religious.
Originally, the Gomira masks are crafted from neem wood, as per Hindu mythology. Later locally available cheaper wood such as gamhar, pakur, kadam, mango, and teak came to be used. The village craftsmen are very conscious of the environment and always plant one tree for trees cut down, usually of the same species.
The mask making begins with cutting the log and then immersed in water for seasoning. Once the basic shape has emerged, they use the broad chisel and heaviest hammer to bring out the final shape. The reverse side of the mask is scooped out very carefully. For finer finishing, narrower chisels, sand papers of various grades are being used and a coat or two of varnish, which provides smoothness to the mask and ensures durability. Formerly, the masks were hand-painted with natural dyes. Slowly the use of chemical dyes and even enamel paints have gained acceptance mainly because of ready availability and permanence.
The Gomira craftsmen are from Rajbongshi community and do not belong to any particular caste. The women folk have never been a part of mask-making. For most of the artisans, mask making is a supplementary source of income.
In association with UNESCO, Government of West Bengal's Department of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises & Textiles has developed a Rural Craft Hub at Mahisbathan to resurrect this art form, by giving the craftsmen a place to work. The Mahisbathan Gramin Hasta Shilpa Samabay Samiti Limited (a cooperative of craftsmen and artisans who live in the nearby villages) runs the centre; ensures payments for work done and promotes the sale of masks and other wooden artefacts. The Samiti delivers more than 100 masks per month, where the selling price varies from Rs. 700 (USD $10) to Rs. 3500 (USD $50), depending on the complexity.
The Samity also runs a Folk Art Centre which is also equipped with accommodation facility for guests. One can participate in workshops, learn about the history of the community and craft, nuances of the mask making and the fascinating associated stories.
More, Gomira Dance Mask by Tulip Sinha - The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design
Beautiful Bengal, India
Served on Japan Airlines, this yogurt seems to indicate an expiration date that is oddly specific -- December 21, 2010, A.D.
See also the white form, both within a couple of metres of each other: flic.kr/p/KJGYzC
A prostrate to semi-erect shrub found in eastern Australia. It occurs from as far south as Pigeon House Mountain north to Kendall, New South Wales on the mid north coast. A common plant in the Blue Mountains near Sydney. Found as far west as Blackheath. It is often noticed by bushwalkers for the attractive flowers and arching foliage. The specific epithet secundum means "arranged on one side only".
The habitat is moist rocky areas and wet cliff faces, usually on sandstone. Sites are nutrient poor with permanent moisture. The range of altitude is from sea level to 1100 metres above sea level, with an average annual rainfall between 900 mm and 1600 mm.
The shrub is around 60 cm tall with narrow crowded leaves with pointed tips. Leaves are 12 cm long by 1 cm wide, smooth edged or slightly toothed.
Flowering occurs mainly from July to October. Flowers are pink and white. Bell shaped flowers are 6 to 8 mm long, appearing on a long raceme. The fruit is a capsule, around 5 mm in diameter. Seeds are dispersed by wind, water and gravity.
This plant first appeared in scientific literature in the Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae in the year 1810, authored by Robert Brown.
Source: Wikipedia
Ahhhhh, spring time for the Monster, rain, muddy river roads and my first mountain bike time trial of the year behind me, but time for a bath tonight and some serious research for lighter wheels. Photographed 3/28/12, Fort Worth, TX. (Copyright 2012/Paul Moseley) May Not Be Downloaded Or Reproduced Without Specific Permission.
Many young birds beg while shivering their wings (and uttering some sort of species-specific call). Young Black-headed Grosbeaks spend many days scrambling around in thick foliage after fledging (before they are able to fly) during which time they are fairly quiet. When they begin to fly, they switch to a very loud "Wee-oo" begging sound, and that sound can be almost non-stop in places where there are multiple grosbeak families with young (as near my home). This fledgling is not vocalizing in this shot, but definitely wing-wiggling. It has a fresh, pristine look about it, and a smaller bill than the adults.
North Peak, Cuyamaca Mountains, California
July 3, 2023
Read more about how gender-specific knowledge is inspiring change in Kyrgyzstan’s walnut forests here: bit.ly/1gc60KW
Credit: National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic/K.Musuraliev
Read more about Bioversity International's work in Central and South Asia www.bioversityinternational.org/about-us/where-we-work/ce...
Begin your search by using the network of concrete. Find a specific builder locator. You can find by area code or by state for entrepreneurs in your area, to create new concrete driveways and remodeling the walkways.
Other ways to drive an entrepreneur:
Look at the extravagant driveways in the neighbor area and get the contacts of the builders, who install the driveways and attract you most. Ensure to ask the owners about their experiences with the builders and the service of craftsmanship. Get referrals from friends or local builder’s .Obtain the contacts of the local yellow pages.
When you return with a wide list of builders contact, ensure to ask for a samples and a list of sample projects in your locality, that you can verify them easily. Also ask them that, how long they have been in concrete driveway installing business, if they are insured or not, if they achieve any expertise certifications, and whether they provide guarantee for their job etc.
What is the price of a concrete driveway made up stamp?
Your starting cost to make stamped concrete driveway is, in a range from $ 6 per sq ft for stamped concrete base (using a single model and color) to $ 15 or more per sq ft for the development of multi-pattern decoration with effects of special color (see Cost stamped concrete driveway). Although stamped driveway is more expensive than asphalt, which will have a much better performance for your invested money. Not only a driveway will last longer and it also requires minimum maintenance than other paving or decorated materials. It can help you to increase the resale valuation of your house, by extra adding of curb appeal.
Can people get a guarantee for their concrete driveway?
Yes! Various contractors provide guarantee of their job and you might be able to get an extended guarantee (three years or more) through your state association specific programs. Contractors and driveway producers joins in the program and be committed to the installation criteria and certain quality standards and also check for the time period of the warranty issues, which arise problem because of their negligence and mistakes.
What should people do if the color is not there what they expected?
It is unrealistic to expect that, your contractor can not able to make of exact perfection of your expected color from the sample in showrooms driveway, decorative concrete driveway.
How to repair your concrete driveway
While, it comes to a need of repairing concrete driveway, which normally should be left to professionals. But whether, you are in stylish and practical challenge, it is possible for a landlord to make some repairs in driveways.
Whether, the cracks are tiny in width then, use an asphalt sealer. If they are not tiny, use the patch of asphalt, which is also required to fill the holes. Read the instructions of the concrete driveway builders very carefully, because sometimes they give different kinds of instructions. Pay a great attention to the hole, if it is partially filled with the rocks or fully filled with the patch.After that, fill the hole unless and until you achieve about one inch layer from surface and then you should have to be tamped it with a part of wood. From there, normal sense will tell, if you need more patches and tampering.
What is sealer, it just use for - sealing the surface, just like paint or varnishing on the wood surface.
For the normal cracks, the most extravagant experts recommend mainly for NP1, which is a polyurethane caulking. This is more costly than some of caulking, but it lasts very longer.
The other product, which is being recommended like a plastic foam, backing rod, which mainly used to fill big cracks before caulking. This is also very vital, that the crack has to be swept and free from dirt before applying the sealer, to get a good grip. The normal time Caulk takes as 24 hours to proper setting. But to filling the cracks, it is being properly suggested that the expansion joint owner of the seal between sections of concrete and permanent textures, have to be clear from water by seeping inside. An owner may desire to take a jobs in small plots, depending on their tolerance for concrete harm. Although, it is not always possible to obtain a perfect match, where the professionals are more expert to make it close as matching the new concrete driveway. Resurfacing or recolor or color of present concrete driveway is another choice to improve the appearance without great expense of installing new concrete driveway. Staining or recoloring concrete is a friendly approach.
Various people do not realize how hard it is to create concrete driveway. It looks charming at all. Although concrete work could be reasonable for people, it is difficult to repair a large number, that may be required for large projects, especially in a short period of time.
If you want to find the best deals in concrete driveway costs visit ConcreteDrivewayCost.com.au
The Final Day of Racing At Brands Hatch for The Superprix Weekend and After a Really Busy and Scattered Set Of Races The Previous day it was time to see which of the Drivers could Brave the Circuit One Last Time and Take Home Either a Championship Win or a Victory in their Specific Race.
Lets Get Straight to the Results.
Classic Formula Ford/Historic Formula 3 (Race 2 Result)
Classic Formula Ford and Historic Formula 3 Were up First and it was Time to see who could be The one to take the Checkered Flag First when they crossed the Line.
In First Place was (Cameron Jackson) in his Winkelmann WDF2 with a Lap Time of 1:39.257 and a Top Speed of 86.59mph. A Fantastic Victory Cameron Showing Incredible Car Control and Commitment to Win the Race.
In Second Place was (Ben Tinkler) in his Van Diemen RF80 with a Lap Time of 1:39.986 and a Top Speed of 85.77mph. A Really Great Drive from Ben to stay so close to Cameron and Keep Him on his toes the entire Time while Fighting for the Lead of the Race.
In Third Place was (Jordan Harrison) in his Lola T540E with a Lap Time of 1:39.994 and a Top Speed of 85.54mph. A Really Wonderfully Deserved Third Place for Jordan Pushing that Lola for everything it Has got to gain Third Place. Well Done.
Three Fantastically Fast Drivers all with Incredible Speed and Talent Showcasing The Best of what they Bring to Brands Hatch Every Year. An Amazing Last Race to Witness. Congratulations to The Race Winner and Keep Trying Hard Everyone Else.
HGPCA Pre 66 Grand Prix Cars (Race 20)
Next It was The Historic Grand Prix Cars and with a Massive Turn out for them it looks like Another Cracking Race to see from Start till Finish. Lets see who came out on Top.
In First Place was (Sam Wilson) in his Lotus 18 with a Lap Time of 1:39.384 and a Top Speed of 86.55mph. Amazing Work Sam Showing Colin Chapman How it Should be Done. He would have been Proud to Witness that Victory.
In Second Place was (Peter Horsman) in his Lotus 18/21 with a Lap Time of 1:41.296 and A Top Speed of 84.90mph. A Fantastic Drive by Peter to take Second Place in the Race.
In Third Place was (Miles Griffiths) in his Scarab Offenhauser with A Lap Time of 1:41.501 and A Top Speed of 84.38mph A Really Good Job there Miles Almost Matching Lap Times with Peter and Showing Some Incredible Car Control during The Race.
Another Fantastic Race for The Historic Grand Prix Cars and a Huge Congratulations to Sam for Taking Victory in the Last Race. Avery Well Done to Both Peter and Miles as well.
HSCC 70's Road Sports (Race 19)
Historic Road Sports took to the Track next and with some Legendary Cars from the Likes of Lotus Morgan and TVR it was Time to see who Had Stormed to Victory in the Last Race and Taken the Victory.
In First Place was (William Plant) in his Morgan Plus 8 with A Lap Time of 1:45.768 and A Top Speed of 70.67mph. Congratulations William on the Victory it was so Good to See a Morgan Take First Place while Watching this Exciting Race. An Amazing Drive.
In Second Place was (Jim Dean) in his Lotus Europa with A Lap Time of 1:46.411 and A Top Speed of 70.66mph. Another Incredible Drive from Jim to Take Second Place. Well Done
In Third Place was (Richard Plant) in his Morgan Plus 8 with A Lap Time of 1:47.697 and a Top Speed of 70.31mph. A Very Committed Drive from Richard and a Fantastic Third Place Finish that I'm sure the Whole Family will be Proud of.
Fantastic Racing from the 70's Road Sports to Finish the Days Racing for them Congratulations to William, Jim and Richard. Hope to see you Three Battling it out Again Soon.
Aurora Trophy With Geoff Lees Trophy
The Arora Trophy Roared onto the Grand Prix Circuit Next with Powerful V8 Engines thease Racing Cars could make the Ground Shake as they Thunder their way around the Race Track. Lets see who Managed to take that All Important Victory for their Final Race.
In First Place was (Martin Stretton) in his March 712 with a Lap Time of 1:25.976 and A Top Speed of 101mph. A Very Brave and Committed drive from Martin to Take Victory, Really Pushing the March to its Limits and hanging onto the Lead thought the Race.
In Second Place was (Mathew Wrigley) in his March 782 with a Lap Time of 1:25.127 and A Top Speed of 100.96mph. Another Incredible Driver Taking his Machinery to New heights and Keeping the March Name Alive in Historic Racing. Amazing Work Mathew.
In Third Place was (Samuel Harrison) in his Dallara 389 with A Lap Time of 1:29.552 and A Top Speed of 95.04mph. Amazing work Sam showing Insane Car Control even when Racing so Fast and for such A Long Time. Congratulations.
Another Amazing Race to Keep the Day going and showing the Amazing work that Each Team Does to ensure that their Driver and His Car are Ready to go. Well Done to all of the Teams and to the First Second and Third Place Winners as well. Looking Forward To seeing more Action this Year from the Aurora Trophy.
Guards Trophy (Race 21)
Next Up Guards Trophy with Another Range of Racing Machines from the Likes of Brabham Chevron and Lotus Lets see what will Happen and Who will be able to Drive their way to Victory in This Race.
In First Place was (Andy Newall) in his Chevron B6 with A Lap Time of 1:38.258 and A Top Speed of 83.84mph. Very Well Driven and Raced by Andy Showcasing the Power of the Chevron and taking it too its Limits in terms of Raw Speed and Performance.
In Second Place was the Duo of (Jackson S and Jackson C) in their Lenham P70 with A Lap Time of 1:38.008 and A Top Speed of 83.45mph. Fantastic Work to The Two Jacks who Really showed what Working Together Can Achieve during A Race. Well Done
In Third Place was the Duo of (Mitchell W and Mitchell B) in their Chevron B8 with A Lap Time of 1:38.368 and A Top Speed of 82.49mph. Another Amazing Duo who Have Taken Third Place and Kept the Fight Alive in their Respective Championship. Amazing work.
A Fantastic Race for the Guards Trophy Showing the Power of Each Race Car and what they Are Capable of When put into The Hands of the Right Drivers. Congratulations to Andy Mitchell W and Mitchell B as well as Jackson S and Jackson C for putting on One Hell of a Race. Keep up the Good Work Everyone Else and Never Stop Fighting for your Own Victories.
Historic Formula Ford (Race 16)
Next Up was Historic Formula Ford and some very Twitchy and Tricky Cars to be Driven Round the Circuit at Hight Speed. With Light Weight Chassis and Small Cockpits this was going to be a Very Exciting Race to Watch. Lets see who Came out Best of the Rest.
In First Place was (Cameron Jackson) in his Winkelmann WDF2 with A Lap Time of 1:38.596 and A Top Speed of 87.95mph. Another Incredible Drive From Cameron to Take Victory and show what A Truly Committed and Self Determined Driver is. He is an Inspiration to All Up Coming Formula Ford Racers.
In Second Place was (Tom Macarthur) in his Titan MK3 with A Lap Time of 1:38.484 and A Top Speed of 87.94mph. Another Really Brave and Heroic Driver Pushing His Formula Ford to its Limits and Keeping his Eye's on the Race Track. Amazing Work Tom.
In Third Place was (Horatio Fitzsimon) in his Merlin MK20A with A Lap Time of 1:38.513 And A Top Speed of 87.90mph. Very Well Done Horatio Fantastic Driving and A Well Deserved Third Place.
An Amazing Final Heat Race for the Formula Fords with Everyone Pushing As Hard as they Could for Victory. Keep Working Hard Everyone and Congratulations to Cameron Tom and Horatio.
Historic Road Sports (Race 17)
Historic Road Sports Next and it was Time to see what Each Driver could do in their Respective Race Car. Lets see how things Stacked up and who Came out on Top in the Race.
In First Place was (Kevin Kivlochan) in his AC Cobra with a Lap Time of 1:46.891 and A Top Speed of 72.19mph. What A Drive From Kevin to Take Victory Keeping that Cobra Far Ahead of the Rest of the Pack and Taking A Dominant Victory. Carol Shelby would have Loved to See That.
In Second Place was (John Davidson) in his Lotus Elan S1 with A Lap Time of 1:46.052 And A Top Speed of 72.16mph. Amazing Work John Keeping that Lotus on the Tarmac and Putting on One Hell of a Race for Everyone. Amazing Job.
In Third Place was (Rupert Ashdown) in his Lotus Elan S1 with A Lap Time of 1:47.481and A Top Speed of 71.61mph. Another Incredible Drive by Rupert Taking Third Place Very Well Deserved.
Historic Road Sports putting on Another Superb Race for the Season and Congratulations to Kevin John and Rupert on their Victories. Hope to see More of that This Year and Good Luck to Everyone Else Racing too.
Historic Touring Cars (Race 22)
The Final Race of The Day was Here and The Historic Touring Car Club did not Disappoint with Lotus Cortina's Mini Cooper S's and Ford Mustangs This was going to be a Final Battle of Titans. Lets See Who Managed to Take that Last Checkered Flag of the Day.
In First Place was (Steve Soper) in his Ford Mustang with A Lap Time of 1.47.084 and A Top Speed of 71.51mph. Awesome Drive Steve Fantastic to see that He Still has it in him After all The Years of Racing.
In Second Place was (Rob Fen) in his Ford Mustang with A Lap Time of 1:49.031 and A Top Speed of 70.93mph. Amazing Work Rob Pushing that Mustang Far and Wide to Hang onto that Second Place. Excellent Drive.
In Third Place was (Mark Martin in his Ford Lotus Cortina with A Lap Time of 1:49.905 and A Top Speed of 70.70mph. Very Well Done Mark Great Driving and Even a Wheel in the Air on Some Occasions Heading onto the Grand Prix Loop. What A Sight that Was to See.
And With that The Days Events came to an End for another year of Superprix Racing at Brands Hatch Amazing work to all of the Organisers and Race Drivers who took Part and Congratulations once again to all of the Race Winners. Keep Fighting Keep Wining and I'm Sure we will do it All Again Next Year.
PrintOclock - Tarifs et dlais de choc
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artwork scultpture installation umeni compose composed
composer hudba react reaction place site room
performed Boston New York Los Angeles experimental
avant garde experiment performative installation
instalation install sculpt puppet puppeteer oakland
company scrap and salvage James Mulligan Rafal
Klopotowski Emiko Lewis Frank Lee Erin Blendu Eric
ANdler Molly Rhodes Emily Rosenthal Allison Wyper
bluespace 1000 van ness 1k this end up #3 hold piwnica
marchewy lorca project
To improve the quality of taxi transport in Ouagadougou, specific promoters have attempted to set up fleets of vehicles with a certain level of comfort. This choice is justified given the dilapidation of the city's green taxi fleet, which, in 2025, is primarily made up of Mercedes-Benz 190Ds from the 1980s and 1990s. Despite the quality of the vehicles and the service (cleanliness, air conditioning, insurance ...), all experiments failed. This is probably due to costs and transport provided by other means by the target clientele (business tourism in particular). Note the nostalgia for Vespa, who parked his vehicle before the advertisement.
Dans le souci d'améliorer la qualité des transports en taxi dans la ville de Ouagadougou, certains promoteurs ont tenté de mettre en place des flottes de véhicules d'un certain confort. Ce choix se justifie au vu de la vétusté du parc de taxis verts de la ville qui, en 2025 est très largement composé de Mercedes-Benz 190D des années 1980 et 1990. Malgré la qualité des véhicules et du service (propreté, climatisation, assurances...), toutes les expériences se sont soldées par des échecs. Probablement en raison des coûts et du transport assuré par d'autres moyens par la clientèle visée (tourisme d'affaires notamment). A noter le nostalgique de la Vespa qui a garé son véhicule devant la publicité.
Book design for Brandon LaBelle's "Site Specific Sound" published by Errant Bodies Press, 2004. Design by R. Yau.
Site specific theatre theater performance perform performance art
site-specific theatricality installation site specific create process San Francisco bay area
Poland Prague Cargo Ship Art ship Theatrical
Theatrically devised collaborate collaborative
collaboratively thetre thatre theter theatr theate
teatr divadlo predstaveni predstavani ensemble work
artwork scultpture installation umeni compose composed
composer hudba react reaction place site room
performed Boston New York Los Angeles experimental
avant garde experiment performative installation
instalation install sculpt puppet puppeteer oakland
company scrap and salvage James Mulligan Rafal
Klopotowski Emiko Lewis Frank Lee Erin Blendu Eric
ANdler Molly Rhodes Emily Rosenthal Allison Wyper
bluespace 1000 van ness 1k this end up #3 hold piwnica
marchewy lorca project
Smiling little boy ducking down in the shallow water at the seaside in a tranquil ocean on a summer day You can purchase this photo for commercial use in high-res and without watermark here: j.mp/greycoastphoto || If you have any issues with finding specific image, please contact me: danr@yandex.com
site-specific gecomponeerde totaalcollage
Nest heeft Wineke Gartz gevraagd een presentatie te maken binnen de Nestarchyserie die de afgelopen jaren is ontstaan en waarbinnen kunstenaars de complete tentoonstellingsruimte van Nest ter beschikking krijgen om mee aan de slag te gaan. Sinds Wineke Gartz in 1998 afstudeerde aan de Rijksakademie heeft ze een consistente carrière opgebouwd met installaties vol overlappende beelden, architectonische ingrepen, materialen en projecties.
Wineke Gartz heeft voor de kust van Scheveningen videomateriaal geschoten. Dat materiaal zal vermengd worden met materiaal van de kust van China waar ze enige tijd verbleef, en met filmfoto’s van Hollywoodsterren (de HotFreaks uit de titel), daklozen, bezinningscursussen, zelfportretten en performances uit Los Angeles. Het valt te verwachten dat het geheel een grote bewegende collage zal worden waarin alle oorspronkelijke ingrediënten hun oorsprong grotendeels verliezen en verworden tot een typische Wineke Gartz hallucinatie die de bezoeker een totaalervaring biedt en kan leiden tot een staat van trance. Tegelijkertijd worden esoterische clichés vermeden en doet het hedendaagse dagelijks leven volop mee.
Wineke Gartz exhibits in the Netherlands and in various countries worldwide. Her site-specific installations consist of complex overlays of imagery and media, often with the use of music and multiple video and slides projections and with the integral use of the architectural space. Her parallel realities include mixing the ordinary with the heroic, creating an almost hallucinatory experience. Her subjects relate to psychology, beauty, death, illusions and perception, nature versus urban life, art and mass media. Gartz is interested in the combination of spirituality, art and science. Currently she is developing video lectures about her work and started to collaborate with musicians.
A set that transports the audience to another era - but no specific era, just that of the "generic past." But, in lieu of actual people moving about in the corridor upstairs, we have fleeting images that look as if from a multimedia projector - tying past to present.
Want Gory Details? Check out Director's Notes @
The SL Shakespeare Company Twelfth Night Blog
Posted by Second Life Resident Ina Centaur. Visit Shakespeare.
Assignment: pca332 – Specific Element: Something You Find in a Hardware Store
Deadline: June 28, 2015
Image tag: pca332
Your assignment, should you choose to accept it is to take a photo of something you would find in an old fashioned hardware store. Stuff like hammers, nails, screws, drills, lumber, etc.
Administrata:
Your photograph must be taken between June 14 and June 28, 2015.
Please tag your image exactly as written: pca332
Click "Send to Group" above your photo to submit it to the Group Pool.
WIT (What It Took): In the description of your photo, tell us a little bit about what went into making it. That could be anything from your thought process, to the technical details of exposure or how you may have set up lighting.
As with the previous assignments, critiques will be done through using the Group Pool. Click on each photo in the pool and offer your critique. If you make a submission, please make an effort to critique all the other submissions.
In addition to the assignment announcement, this thread is for ongoing general discussion related to pca332.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Israel Aircraft Industries Kfir (Hebrew: כְּפִיר, "Lion Cub") was an Israeli all-weather multirole combat aircraft based on the French Dassault Mirage 5, with Israeli avionics and an Israeli-built version of the General Electric J79 turbojet engine. The project that would ultimately give birth to the Kfir can be traced back to Israel's need for adapting the Dassault Mirage IIIC to the specific requirements of the Israeli Air Force (IAF). The all-weather, delta-winged Mirage IIICJ was the first Mach 2 aircraft acquired by Israel from then-close ally France and constituted the backbone of the IAF during most of the 1960s, until the arrival of the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and, most importantly, the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, by the end of the decade. While the Mirage IIICJ proved to be extremely effective in the air-superiority role, its relatively short range of action imposed some limitations on its usefulness as a ground-attack aircraft.
Thus, in the mid-1960s, at the request of Israel, Dassault Aviation began developing the Mirage 5, a fair-weather, ground-attack version of the Mirage III. Following the suggestions made by the Israelis, advanced avionics located behind the cockpit were removed, allowing the aircraft to increase its fuel-carrying capacity while reducing maintenance costs. By 1968, Dassault had finished production of the 50 Mirage 5Js paid for by Israel, but an arms embargo imposed upon Israel by the French government in 1967 prevented deliveries from taking place. The Israelis replied by producing an unlicensed copy of the Mirage 5, the Nesher, with technical specifications for both the airframe and the engine obtained by Israeli spies.
The Kfir program originated in the quest to develop a more capable version of the IAI Nesher, which was already in series production. After General De Gaulle embargoed the sale of arms to Israel, the IAF feared that it might lose qualitative superiority over its adversaries in the future, which were receiving increasingly advanced Soviet aircraft. The main and most advanced type of aircraft available to the IAF was the Mirage, but a severe problem developed due to the Mirage fleet's depletion due to attrition after the Six-Day War. Domestic production would avoid the problem of the embargo completely; efforts to reverse engineer and reproduce components of the Mirage were aided by Israeli espionage efforts to obtain technical assistance and blueprints from third party Mirage operators.
Changing an aircraft’s powerplant had already been successfully executed in Israel with the French Dassault Super Mystère SM2B. In IDF service, the SM2B had its Atar afterburning engine replaced by a stronger but non-afterburning J52-P-8A engine from the IDF-exclusive A-4H Skyhawk variant, leading to the Sa’ar. A re-engined Kfir represented a very similar project, and two powerplants were initially selected for trials: the General Electric J79 turbojet and the Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan. In the end, the J79 was selected, not least because it was the same engine used on the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, which the Israelis began to acquire from the United States in 1969, along with a license to produce the J79 themselves. The J79 was clearly superior to the original French Atar 09, providing a dry thrust of 49 kN (11,000 lbf) and an afterburning thrust of 83.4 kN (18,750 lbf).
In order to accommodate the new powerplant on the Mirage III's airframe, and to deliver the added cooling required by the J79, the aircraft's rear fuselage was slightly shortened and widened, its air intakes were enlarged, and a large air inlet was installed at the base of the vertical stabilizer, so as to supply the extra cooling needed for the afterburner. The engine itself was encased in a titanium heatshield.
The Kfir entered service with the IDF in 1975, and over the following years, several other squadrons were also equipped with the new aircraft. The role of the Kfir as the IAF's primary air superiority asset was short-lived, as the first F-15 Eagle fighters from the United States were delivered to Israel in 1976 and immediately took over that role. The first basic production variant was the Kfir C.1, of which only 27 examples were produced and which was quickly superseded by the C.2 variant, which had different wings with dogteeth and small fixed canards for better handling, plus some other changes that markedly improved the type’s performance.
The early C.1s were quickly retired from frontline service, but in 1985 25 upgraded Kfir C.1 aircraft (recognizable through retrofitted, highly swept canard strakes on the air intakes) were leased to the US Navy and the US Marines Corps as aggressors for dissimilar aerial combat training and designated F-21A Lion. They served until 1989 and their overall performance matched the Soviet MiG-23, but they were soon replaced by F-5E and F-16N fighters. The F-21As were returned to Israel and mothballed, since the IDF had in the meantime introduced the advanced Kfir C.7 fighter bomber and did not want to operate various versions of the aircraft.
Since the J79 turbojet engine was an U.S. design, although manufactured under license in Israel, all export sales of the Kfir were and are subject to prior approval being granted by the U.S. State Department, a fact that has limited the sale of the Kfir to foreign nations. The F-21As were a special case, since their number was relatively small and the type did not represent the Kfir’s state-of-the-art anymore.
However, when the Estonian Air Force (Õhuvägi) was re-established on 16 December 1991 after the restoration of independence of the Republic of Estonia in 1991, the USA decided to support the nascent nation and its military potential under the “Peace Baltic” program and donated its former aggressor fleet.
Refurbishing the Kfirs as part of the support program and upgrading them to Estonian standards (the latter financed by the Estonian government) took nearly three years, though. The cockpit received a modern HOTAS layout, matching the state-of-the-art Kfir C.7 standard. Avionics were updated, too, with an onboard UAT-40 central computer. This managed most mission-critical systems, integrating navigational data and functions, radar information and display, and weapons targeting and controls.
The most obvious change was the integration of a French Thomson-CSF Agave radar in a redesigned, less pointed nose section with a bigger radome that gave the Kfir a profile that reminded of its interceptor ancestor, the Mirage III. The Agave was operating in X-Band multi-mode radar, with navigation and air combat capabilities with a range of up to 40 NM (~74 km) but optimized for guiding the French air-to-sea AM39 “Exocet” missiles, which were regarded as a vital maritime defensive asset for the young country and procured for the Kfirs, too. Maritime patrol and strike were the Estonian prime missions, plus interceptions upon airspace intrusions on QRA. Another addition to improve survivability was a Sherloc passive radar warning system, integrated into the fin with a slender, box-shaped fairing.
The Estonian Air Force Command and Control Headquarters was formed in Tallinn on 13 April 1994. In the meantime, the German government donated in February 1993 two Let L-410UVPs transport aircraft (former NVA-LSK aircraft). In October 1994 the first modernized Kfirs, now designated F-21B and locally called “Lõvikutsikas (= Lion cub)”, as well as three Mi-2 helicopters, were delivered and followed by four Mi-8s in November 1995. Initially tasked with ground-based air surveillance and air defense using only old Soviet radars and AAA equipment, on 15 May 1997 the Estonian Air Force moved into the former Soviet Su-24 base at Ämari, south of Tallinn.
In the following years the Estonian Air Force slowly rebuilt the military infrastructure left by the Soviet military and made it compatible with NATO standards. Most of the funds were directed to the badly damaged Ämari military airfield which was finally completed in 2011. The objective of developing Ämari Air Base was to cooperate with NATO and partner nations air forces and being able to supply standardized airfield and aircraft services necessary for Host Nation Support, e.g. the multinational Quick Reaction Force for Operation Azotize, NATO's Baltic Air Policing mission. However, due to the lack of modern and developed military aviation infrastructure, the Estonian Air Force's development was very slow.
Lacking funds, the F-21Bs have been soldiering on as the Õhuvägi’s sole supersonic jet fighter, even though the procurement of second-hand F-16s from USAF overstock had been considered. This came to no fuition and in 2020 the small F-21B fleet was still active. By the time it had been reduced to only six operational aircraft, though, after two had been lost over the years through accidents, and the rest had been mothballed and partly used for spares. A replacement is still not in sight, even though F-16s are still at the top of the Estonian wish list, and French Mirage 2000s were considered, too.
General characteristics
Crew: One
Length (incl. pitot): 15.73 m (51 ft 6 1/4 in)
Wingspan: 8.22 m (26 ft 11½ in)
Height: 4.61 m (14 ft 11 3/4 in)
Wing area: 34.8 m² (374.6 sq ft)
Empty weight: 7,285 kg (16,060 lb)
Loaded weight: 11,603 kg (25,580 lb) with two 500 L drop tanks, two AAMs
Max. take-off weight: 16,200 kg (35,715 lb)
Powerplant:
1× General Electric J-79-J1E turbojet (IAl Bedek-built) with a dry thrust of 52.9 kN (11,890 lb st)
and 79.62 kN (17,900 lb st) with afterburner
Performance
Maximum speed: 2,440 km/h (2 Mach, 1,317 knots, 1,516 mph) above 11,000 m (36,000 ft)
Combat radius: 768 km (415 nmi, 477 mi) in ground attack configuration, hi-lo-hi profile,
with seven 500 lb bombs, two AAMs, two 1,300 L drop tanks
Service ceiling: 17,680 m (58,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 233 m/s (45,950 ft/min)
Armament:
2× Rafael-built 30 mm (1.18 in) DEFA 553 cannons, 140 RPG
7× hardpoints under the wings and fuselage for up to 5,775 kg (12,730 lb) of payload
The kit and its assembly:
Another Kfir, I just love the creative potential of this aircraft. And this build is - finally - the last one in a trio of fictional Post-Soviet Baltic air force aircraft (including a Lithuanian MiG-2000 and an Latvian F-5E). The Estonian sibling was inspired by the rather unrelated question: what had become of the F-21As that had served in the United States for a couple of years as aggressors for dissimilar flight training? These apparently were the first Kfirs ever built (almost the entire small C.1 fleet), but after their short use the airframes would certainly still have had some flying hours left, so that they might have found a new use? Potential operators from the period before the millennium that came to my mind were Mexico (Mexico actually wanted to buy 24 Kfirs, but this deal was vetoed by the USA because of the J79 engine), Botswana and Latvia, but I eventually settled for Estonia because I had been wanting to create a modern-day whif for this Baltic country for some time - to complete the whiffy aircraft trio.
There’s only a single OOB Kfir C.1 out there, AFAIK, the venerable Italeri F-21A kit. There are certainly better Kfirs available, but modding a later C.2/7 into the early variant would take some effort. Losing the canards is probably the simpler task, but the wings are very different: they lack the dog tooth and have a Mirage-III-esque simple slot in the leading edge. A wing transplant might do the trick, but this would require a sound donor kit, and I did not want to spend too much money on this project.
The F-21 was mostly built OOB, with its traditional flaws like the poorly fitting cockpit tub (which received widened side consoles, and the seat received elector trigger handles made from wire), sinkholes on the wing root and the complex/jagged seam area between fuselage, air intakes and wings.
I wanted to give the aircraft an update, though, so I decided to provide it with a better radar for maritime strikes in the form of a French Agave multi-role system (used in the Super Étendard, too, and by 1990 not state-of-the-art anymore), which would also make the use as the Exocet ASM as a prime weapon against sea targets and the Kfir’s new role as a defensive strike aircraft plausible. To change the look a little more I also added a radar warning fairing to the fin under the dielectric fin, made from styrene strips.
The ordnance was inspired by the French practice to carry only a single Exocet missile under one Super Étendard wing and a drop tank under the other; the missile came from an Italeri NATO weapons set, the drop tank is the large OOB tank - both just mounted on pylons on the inner underwing stations while the ventral hardpoint was omitted. The outer wing stations thankfully already come with molded AAM launch rails, I just replaced the OOB ACMI pods with modern Sidewinders.
Painting and markings:
The funnier part, and initially I thought about keeping one of the USN/USMC grey-in-grey aggressor paint schemes. But then I rather went for something darker, suitable for low-level operations over the sea, and found Estonia’s (early sole) L-39 Albatros trainer, which carried for some time a disruptive paint scheme in three blue and grey tones (probably FS 36440 or something lighter, 35164 and 35109) with very light grey, almopst white (FS 36622 and/or 36495?) undersides.
Using photos of this singular aircraft as benchmark I designed my own camouflage pattern for the Kfir’s delta wing layout and reduced the colors to just FS 35164 and 35109 from above, while FS 36440 was used as the third upper tone as well as for the uniform undersides. Looks almost decorative, but in the air the scheme appears to be quite effective, esp. against clouds but also over a cluttered underground, as it reall breaks up the aircraft's outlines.
A light black ink washing was applied as well as post-panel-shading with brushes. The cockpit interior became medium grey, the landing gear white, very conservative.
Decals and markings were puzzled together, asp. the Estonian trianglesof relatively small size were hard to procure - they actually belong to a real-world post WWI Sopwith Camel (from two PrintScale sheets to get four of them), and the had the added value of a whote edge that would add contrast to the markings on the grey/blue surfaces. The only other national marking is a fin flash, which had to be painted, though.
Tactical markings are minimal, and I adapted a code style from the Estonian L-39 which looked quite American. Stencils were taken from the Kfir's OOB sheet. Finally, the model was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).
A relatively simple whif project (after the long and tedious fight with the V 200/Märklin 3021 conversion), since the model was mostly built OOB with just minor cosmetic changes - just tha radome was added/changed and the ordnance. However, despite its exotic operator, the Estonian Kfir look attractive and purposeful in its subdued yet flashy grey/blue scheme (the blue turned out much brighter than expected!), even though the question how plausible it looks is better left open. :D
Europa: Pasajes de Invierno, una instalación site specific de Florentino Díaz comisariada por Carlota Álvarez Basso para el programa de intervenciones Abierto x Obras, en la antigua cámara frigorífica de lo que fue el matadero municipal. La pieza se inscribe además en la programación de PhotoEspaña 2015.
La pieza conformada a partir de materiales de derribo, representa un barracón sobre el que no cesa de caer la lluvia. En su interior, pantallas de video nos muestran las imágenes de vidas anónimas del siglo XX, recogidas de álbumes encontrados en mercadillos, con el Winterreise (Viaje de invierno) de Schubert sonando de fondo. Según la comisaria Carlota Álvarez Basso, son “historias que hablan de los momentos de felicidad ajena que han caído en el olvido, de la fragilidad de nuestra existencia y de la inconsistencia de la memoria, tanto de la individual como de la colectiva”.
“El espectador debe recorrer estos pasajes de invierno a través de estos videos en los que, paradójicamente, no cabe imaginar el trágico destino que aguarda a sus protagonistas, y que nos hacen pensar en el incierto destino que nos espera” señala Florentino Díaz. Respecto al título, Díaz se inspira en El Libro de los Pasajes, el gran proyecto inacabado de Walter Benjamin, fallecido en 1940, que “cuestiona el desarrollo de una historia que hasta ese momento no había cumplido las expectativas de liberación humana, y que en sus ruinas mostraba la imposibilidad de alcanzar sus metas últimas”, explica el artista.
Las obras de Florentino Díaz (Cáceres - 1954) se caracterizan, desde los años 1990, por el uso de materiales e imágenes recuperadas, elementos aparentemente sencillos pero cargados de sentido y de connotación emocional. Desde hace muchos años Florentino Díaz ha ido guardando pequeños tesoros encontrados en el Rastro de Madrid o de las ciudades que visitaba en sus viajes. Objetos, libros, fotografías que a veces nos desvelan y otras se guardan los secretos de vidas e historias de otro tiempo. El artista es además un referente cuyo trabajo ha girado siempre en torno al concepto de lo doméstico, de la casa, concebida como un espacio cada vez más difícil de habitar. Sus instalaciones se han expuesto en centros nacionales e internacionales, como el CAB DE Burgos, MEIAC de Badajoz, Museo Barjola de Gijón, Casal Solleriç Espai 4 de Mallorca, Museo de Cáceres, Salón de los 16, Kunstamt Kreuzberg-Bethanien de Berlín, y en ferias como Art Cologne, MACO-MEXICO, Liste The Young Art Fair de Basel, Art Chicago, Busan Bienal de Corea. Y forma parte de colecciones privadas, museos e instituciones como CGAC de A Coruña, Colección La Caixa, Fundación Coca-Cola España, Colección Banco de España, Museo de Cáceres, entre otras.
Abierto x Obras
Abierto x Obras, en Matadero Madrid, es un programa de intervenciones site specific que incentiva el carácter experimental de la creación contemporánea a través de planteamientos que exploran la relación entre el arte y el lugar que lo acoge, la antigua cámara frigorífica del Matadero. Desde 2007 Abierto x Obras ha acogido las intervenciones de artistas como Daniel Canogar, Jannis Kounnellis, Román Signer, Carlos Garaicoa, Fernando Sánchez Castillo, Jordi Colomer, Los Carpinteros, Cristina Lucas, o Eugenio Ampudia, entre otros. Próximamente se podrá disfrutar del trabajo del artista británico Haroon Mirza.
Would you like a take a shortcut to a specific Snowman?
01. A Partridge in a Pear Tree (Jodie Silverman) | 02. Two Turtle Doves (Megan Evans) | 03. Three French Hens (Lei-Mai Lemaow) | 04. Four Calling Birds (Jenny Leonard) | 05. Five Gold Rings (Adam Pekr) | 06. Six Geese a-Laying (Matilda Elizabeth) | 07. Seven Swans a-Swimming (Laura-Kate Chapman) | 08. Eight Maids a-Milking (Donna Newman) | 09. Nine Ladies Dancing (Lizzie Rose Chapman) | 10. Ten Lords a-Leaping (Hammo) | 11. Eleven Pipers Piping (Jess Loveday) | 12. Twelve Drummers Drumming (Jessica Perrin)
Krishna [1](/'kr??n?/; Sanskrit: ?????, K???a in IAST, pronounced ['kr????] ( listen)) is considered the supreme deity, worshipped across many traditions of Hinduism in a variety of different perspectives. Krishna is recognized as the eighth incarnation (avatar) of Lord Vishnu, and one and the same as Lord Vishnu one of the trimurti and as the supreme god in his own right. Krishna is the principal protagonist with Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita also known as the Song of God, which depicts the conversation between the Royal Prince Arjuna and Krishna during the great battle of Kurukshetra 5000 years ago where Arjuna discovers that Krishna is God and then comprehends his nature and will for him and for mankind. In present age Krishna is one of the most widely revered and most popular of all Indian divinities.[2]
Krishna is often described and portrayed as an infant eating butter, a young boy playing a flute as in the Bhagavata Purana,[3] or as an elder giving direction and guidance as in the Bhagavad Gita.[4] The stories of Krishna appear across a broad spectrum of Hindu philosophical and theological traditions.[5] They portray him in various perspectives: a god-child, a prankster, a model lover, a divine hero, and the Supreme Being.[6] The principal scriptures discussing Krishna's story are the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Vishnu Purana.
Krishna's disappearance marks the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga (present age), which is dated to February 17/18, 3102 BCE.[7] Worship of the deity Krishna, either in the form of deity Krishna or in the form of Vasudeva, Bala Krishna or Gopala can be traced to as early as 4th century BC.[8][9] Worship of Krishna as Svayam Bhagavan, or the supreme being, known as Krishnaism, arose in the Middle Ages in the context of the Bhakti movement. From the 10th century AD, Krishna became a favourite subject in performing arts and regional traditions of devotion developed for forms of Krishna such as Jagannatha in Odisha, Vithoba in Maharashtra and Shrinathji in Rajasthan. Since the 1960s the worship of Krishna has also spread in the Western world, largely due to the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.[10]The name originates from the Sanskrit word K???a, which is primarily an adjective meaning "black", "dark" or "dark blue".[11] The waning moon is called Krishna Paksha in the Vedic tradition, relating to the adjective meaning "darkening".[12] Sometimes it is also translated as "all-attractive", according to members of the Hare Krishna movement.[13]
As a name of Vishnu, Krishna listed as the 57th name in the Vishnu Sahasranama. Based on his name, Krishna is often depicted in murtis as black or blue-skinned. Krishna is also known by various other names, epithets and titles, which reflect his many associations and attributes. Among the most common names are Mohan "enchanter", Govinda, "Finder of the cows" or Gopala, "Protector of the cows", which refer to Krishna's childhood in Braj (in present day Uttar Pradesh).[14][15] Some of the distinct names may be regionally important; for instance, Jagannatha, a popular incarnation of Puri, Odisha in eastern India.[16]Krishna is easily recognized by his representations. Though his skin color may be depicted as black or dark in some representations, particularly in murtis, in other images such as modern pictorial representations, Krishna is usually shown with a blue skin. He is often shown wearing a silk dhoti and a peacock feather crown. Common depictions show him as a little boy, or as a young man in a characteristically relaxed pose, playing the flute.[17][18] In this form, he usually stands with one leg bent in front of the other with a flute raised to his lips, in the Tribhanga posture, accompanied by cows, emphasizing his position as the divine herdsman, Govinda, or with the gopis (milkmaids) i.e. Gopikrishna, stealing butter from neighbouring houses i.e. Navneet Chora or Gokulakrishna, defeating the vicious serpent i.e. Kaliya Damana Krishna, lifting the hill i.e. Giridhara Krishna ..so on and so forth from his childhood / youth events.
A steatite (soapstone) tablet unearthed from Mohenjo-daro, Larkana district, Sindh depicting a young boy uprooting two trees from which are emerging two human figures is an interesting archaeological find for fixing dates associated with Krishna. This image recalls the Yamalarjuna episode of Bhagavata and Harivamsa Purana. In this image, the young boy is Krishna, and the two human beings emerging from the trees are the two cursed gandharvas, identified as Nalakubara and Manigriva. Dr. E.J.H. Mackay, who did the excavation at Mohanjodaro, compares this image with the Yamalarjuna episode. Prof. V.S. Agrawal has also accepted this identification. Thus, it seems that the Indus valley people knew stories related to Krishna. This lone find may not establish Krishna as contemporary with Pre-Indus or Indus times, but, likewise, it cannot be ignored.[19][20]The scene on the battlefield of the epic Mahabharata, notably where he addresses Pandava prince Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita, is another common subject for representation. In these depictions, he is shown as a man, often with supreme God characteristics of Hindu religious art, such as multiple arms or heads, denoting power, and with attributes of Vishnu, such as the chakra or in his two-armed form as a charioteer. Cave paintings dated to 800 BCE in Mirzapur, Mirzapur district, Uttar Pradesh, show raiding horse-charioteers, one of whom is about to hurl a wheel, and who could potentially be identified as Krishna.[21]
Representations in temples often show Krishna as a man standing in an upright, formal pose. He may be alone, or with associated figures:[22] his brother Balarama and sister Subhadra, or his main queens Rukmini and Satyabhama.
Often, Krishna is pictured with his gopi-consort Radha. Manipuri Vaishnavas do not worship Krishna alone, but as Radha Krishna,[23] a combined image of Krishna and Radha. This is also a characteristic of the schools Rudra[24] and Nimbarka sampradaya,[25] as well as that of Swaminarayan sect. The traditions celebrate Radha Ramana murti, who is viewed by Gaudiyas as a form of Radha Krishna.[26]
Krishna is also depicted and worshipped as a small child (Bala Krishna, Bala K???a the child Krishna), crawling on his hands and knees or dancing, often with butter or Laddu in his hand being Laddu Gopal.[27][28] Regional variations in the iconography of Krishna are seen in his different forms, such as Jaganatha of Odisha, Vithoba of Maharashtra,[29] Venkateswara (also Srinivasa or Balaji) in Andhra Pradesh, and Shrinathji in Rajasthan.The earliest text to explicitly provide detailed descriptions of Krishna as a personality is the epic Mahabharata which depicts Krishna as an incarnation of Vishnu.[30] Krishna is central to many of the main stories of the epic. The eighteen chapters of the sixth book (Bhishma Parva) of the epic that constitute the Bhagavad Gita contain the advice of Krishna to the warrior-hero Arjuna, on the battlefield. Krishna is already an adult in the epic, although there are allusions to his earlier exploits. The Harivamsa, a later appendix to this epic, contains the earliest detailed version of Krishna's childhood and youth.
The Rig Veda 1.22.164 sukta 31 mentions a herdsman "who never stumbles".[31] Some Vaishnavite scholars, such as Bhaktivinoda Thakura, claim that this herdsman refers to Krishna.[32] Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar also attempted to show that "the very same Krishna" made an appearance, e.g. as the drapsa ... krishna "black drop" of RV 8.96.13.[33] Some authors have also likened prehistoric depictions of deities to Krishna.
Chandogya Upanishad (3.17.6) composed around 900 BCE[34] mentions Vasudeva Krishna as the son of Devaki and the disciple of Ghora Angirasa, the seer who preached his disciple the philosophy of ‘Chhandogya.’ Having been influenced by the philosophy of ‘Chhandogya’ Krishna in the Bhagavadgita while delivering the discourse to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra discussed about sacrifice, which can be compared to purusha or the individual.[35][36][37][38]
Yaska's Nirukta, an etymological dictionary around 6th century BC, contains a reference to the Shyamantaka jewel in the possession of Akrura, a motif from well known Puranic story about Krishna.[39] Shatapatha Brahmana and Aitareya-Aranyaka, associate Krishna with his Vrishni origins.[40]
Pa?ini, the ancient grammarian and author of Asthadhyayi (probably belonged to 5th century or 6th century BC) mentions a character called Vasudeva, son of Vasudeva, and also mentions Kaurava and Arjuna which testifies to Vasudeva Krishna, Arjuna and Kauravas being contemporaries.[35][41][42]
Megasthenes (350 – 290 BC) a Greek ethnographer and an ambassador of Seleucus I to the court of Chandragupta Maurya made reference to Herakles in his famous work Indica. Many scholars have suggested that the deity identified as Herakles was Krishna. According to Arrian, Diodorus, and Strabo, Megasthenes described an Indian tribe called Sourasenoi, who especially worshipped Herakles in their land, and this land had two cities, Methora and Kleisobora, and a navigable river, the Jobares. As was common in the ancient period, the Greeks sometimes described foreign gods in terms of their own divinities, and there is a little doubt that the Sourasenoi refers to the Shurasenas, a branch of the Yadu dynasty to which Krishna belonged; Herakles to Krishna, or Hari-Krishna: Methora to Mathura, where Krishna was born; Kleisobora to Krishnapura, meaning "the city of Krishna"; and the Jobares to the Yamuna, the famous river in the Krishna story. Quintus Curtius also mentions that when Alexander the Great confronted Porus, Porus's soldiers were carrying an image of Herakles in their vanguard.[43]
The name Krishna occurs in Buddhist writings in the form Kanha, phonetically equivalent to Krishna.[44]
The Ghata-Jâtaka (No. 454) gives an account of Krishna's childhood and subsequent exploits which in many points corresponds with the Brahmanic legends of his life and contains several familiar incidents and names, such as Vâsudeva, Baladeva, Ka?sa. Yet it presents many peculiarities and is either an independent version or a misrepresentation of a popular story that had wandered far from its home. Jain tradition also shows that these tales were popular and were worked up into different forms, for the Jains have an elaborate system of ancient patriarchs which includes Vâsudevas and Baladevas. Krishna is the ninth of the Black Vâsudevas and is connected with Dvâravatî or Dvârakâ. He will become the twelfth tîrthankara of the next world-period and a similar position will be attained by Devakî, Rohinî, Baladeva and Javakumâra, all members of his family. This is a striking proof of the popularity of the Krishna legend outside the Brahmanic religion.[45]
According to Arthasastra of Kautilya (4th century BCE) Vasudeva was worshiped as supreme Deity in a strongly monotheistic format.[41]
Around 150 BC, Patanjali in his Mahabhashya quotes a verse: "May the might of Krishna accompanied by Samkarshana increase!" Other verses are mentioned. One verse speaks of "Janardhana with himself as fourth" (Krishna with three companions, the three possibly being Samkarshana, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha). Another verse mentions musical instruments being played at meetings in the temples of Rama (Balarama) and Kesava (Krishna). Patanjali also describes dramatic and mimetic performances (Krishna-Kamsopacharam) representing the killing of Kamsa by Vasudeva.[46][47]
In the 1st century BC, there seems to be evidence for a worship of five Vrishni heroes (Balarama, Krishna, Pradyumna, Aniruddha and Samba) for an inscription has been found at Mora near Mathura, which apparently mentions a son of the great satrap Rajuvula, probably the satrap Sodasa, and an image of Vrishni, "probably Vasudeva, and of the "Five Warriors".[48] Brahmi inscription on the Mora stone slab, now in the Mathura Museum.[49][50]
Many Puranas tell Krishna's life-story or some highlights from it. Two Puranas, the Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana, that contain the most elaborate telling of Krishna’s story and teachings are the most theologically venerated by the Vaishnava schools.[51] Roughly one quarter of the Bhagavata Purana is spent extolling his life and philosophy.
Life[edit]
This summary is based on details from the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa, the Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana. The scenes from the narrative are set in north India mostly in the present states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Delhi and Gujarat.Based on scriptural details and astrological calculations, the date of Krishna's birth, known as Janmashtami,[52] is 18 July 3228 BCE.[53] He was born to Devaki and her husband, Vasudeva,[54][55] When Mother Earth became upset by the sin being committed on Earth, she thought of seeking help from Lord Vishnu. She went in the form of a cow to visit Lord Vishnu and ask for help. Lord Vishnu agreed to help her and promised her that he would be born on Earth. On Earth in the Yadava clan, he was yadav according to his birth, a prince named Kansa sent his father Ugrasena (King of Mathura) to prison and became the King himself. One day a loud voice from the sky (Akash Vani in Hindi) prophesied that the 8th son of Kansa's sister (Devaki) would kill Kansa. Out of affection for Devaki, Kansa did not kill her outright. He did, however, send his sister and her husband (Vasudeva) to prison. Lord Vishnu himself later appeared to Devaki and Vasudeva and told them that he himself would be their eighth son and kill Kansa and destroy sin in the world. In the story of Krishna the deity is the agent of conception and also the offspring.[citation needed] Because of his sympathy for the earth, the divine Vishnu himself descended into the womb of Devaki and was born as her son, Vaasudeva (i.e., Krishna).[citation needed] This is occasionally cited as evidence that "virgin birth" tales are fairly common in non-Christian religions around the world.[56][57][58] However, there is nothing in Hindu scriptures to suggest that it was a "virgin" birth. By the time of conception and birth of Krishna, Devaki was married to Vasudeva and had already borne 7 children.[59] Virgin birth in this case should be more accurately understood as divine conception. Kunti the mother of the Pandavas referenced contemporaneously with the story of Krishna in the Mahabharata also has divine conception and virgin birth of Prince Karna.
The Hindu Vishnu Purana relates: "Devaki bore in her womb the lotus-eyed deity...before the birth of Krishna, no one could bear to gaze upon Devaki, from the light that invested her, and those who contemplated her radiance felt their minds disturbed.” This reference to light is reminiscent of the Vedic hymn "To an Unknown Divine," which refers to a Golden Child. According to F. M. Müller, this term means "the golden gem of child" and is an attempt at naming the sun. According to the Vishnu Purana, Krishna is the total incarnation of Lord Vishnu. It clearly describes in the Vishnu Purana that Krishna was born on earth to destroy sin, especially Kansa.
Krishna belonged to the Vrishni clan of Yadavas from Mathura,[60] and was the eighth son born to the princess Devaki, and her husband Vasudeva.
Mathura (in present day Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh) was the capital of the Yadavas, to which Krishna's parents Vasudeva and Devaki belonged. King Kansa, Devaki's brother,[61] had ascended the throne by imprisoning his father, King Ugrasena. Afraid of a prophecy from a divine voice from the heavens that predicted his death at the hands of Devaki's eighth "garbha", Kansa had the couple locked in a prison cell. After Kansa killed the first six children, Devaki apparently had a miscarriage of the seventh. However, in reality, the womb was actually transferred to Rohini secretly. This was how Balarama, Krishna's elder brother, was born. Once again Devaki became pregnant. Now due to the miscarriage, Kansa was in a puzzle regarding 'The Eighth One', but his ministers advised that the divine voice from the heavens emphasised "the eight garbha" and so this is the one. That night Krishna was born in the Abhijit nakshatra and simultanously Ekanamsha was born as Yogamaya in Gokulam to Nanda and Yashoda.
Since Vasudeva knew Krishna's life was in danger, Krishna was secretly taken out of the prison cell to be raised by his foster parents, Yasoda[62] and Nanda, in Gokula (in present day Mathura district). Two of his other siblings also survived, Balarama (Devaki's seventh child, transferred to the womb of Rohini, Vasudeva's first wife) and Subhadra (daughter of Vasudeva and Rohini, born much later than Balarama and Krishna)Nanda was the head of a community of cow-herders, and he settled in Vrindavana. The stories of Krishna's childhood and youth tell how he became a cow herder,[64] his mischievous pranks as Makhan Chor (butter thief) his foiling of attempts to take his life, and his role as a protector of the people of Vrindavana.
Krishna killed the demoness Putana, disguised as a wet nurse, and the tornado demon Trinavarta both sent by Kamsa for Krishna's life. He tamed the serpent Kaliya, who previously poisoned the waters of Yamuna river, thus leading to the death of the cowherds. In Hindu art, Krishna is often depicted dancing on the multi-hooded Kaliya.
Krishna lifted the Govardhana hill and taught Indra, the king of the devas, a lesson to protect native people of Brindavana from persecution by Indra and prevent the devastation of the pasture land of Govardhan. Indra had too much pride and was angry when Krishna advised the people of Brindavana to take care of their animals and their environment that provide them with all their necessities, instead of worshipping Indra annually by spending their resources.[65][66] In the view of some, the spiritual movement started by Krishna had something in it which went against the orthodox forms of worship of the Vedic gods such as Indra.[67] In Bhagavat Purana, Krishna says that the rain came from the nearby hill Govardhana, and advised that the people worshiped the hill instead of Indra. This made Indra furious, so he punished them by sending out a great storm. Krishna then lifted Govardhan and held it over the people like an umbrella.
The stories of his play with the gopis (milkmaids) of Brindavana, especially Radha (daughter of Vrishbhanu, one of the original residents of Brindavan) became known as the Rasa lila and were romanticised in the poetry of Jayadeva, author of the Gita Govinda. These became important as part of the development of the Krishna bhakti traditions worshiping Radha Krishna.[68]
Krishna’s childhood reinforces the Hindu concept of lila, playing for fun and enjoyment and not for sport or gain. His interaction with the gopis at the rasa dance or Rasa-lila is a great example of this. Krishna played his flute and the gopis came immediately from whatever they were doing, to the banks of the Yamuna River, and joined him in singing and dancing. Even those who could not physically be there joined him through meditation.[69] The story of Krishna’s battle with Kaliya also supports this idea in the sense of him dancing on Kaliya’s many hoods. Even though he is doing battle with the serpent, he is in no real danger and treats it like a game. He is a protector, but he only appears to be a young boy having fun.[70] This idea of having a playful god is very important in Hinduism. The playfulness of Krishna has inspired many celebrations like the Rasa-lila and the Janmashtami : where they make human pyramids to break open handis (clay pots) hung high in the air that spill buttermilk all over the group after being broken by the person at the top. This is meant to be a fun celebration and it gives the participants a sense of unity. Many believe that lila being connected with Krishna gives Hindus a deeper connection to him and thus a deeper connection to Vishnu also; seeing as Krishna is an incarnation of Vishnu. Theologists, like Kristin Johnston Largen, believe that Krishna’s childhood can even inspire other religions to look for lila in deities so that they have a chance to experience a part of their faith that they may not have previously seen.On his return to Mathura as a young man, Krishna overthrew and killed his maternal uncle, Kansa, after quelling several assassination attempts from Kansa's followers. He reinstated Kansa's father, Ugrasena, as the king of the Yadavas and became a leading prince at the court.[73] During this period, he became a friend of Arjuna and the other Pandava princes of the Kuru kingdom, who were his cousins. Later, he took his Yadava subjects to the city of Dwaraka (in modern Gujarat) and established his own kingdom there.[74]
Krishna married Rukmini, the Vidarbha princess, by abducting her, at her request, from her proposed wedding with Shishupala. He married eight queens—collectively called the Ashtabharya—including Rukmini, Satyabhama, Jambavati, Kalindi, Mitravinda, Nagnajiti, Bhadra and Lakshmana.[75][76] Krishna subsequently married 16,000 or 16,100 maidens who were held captive by the demon Narakasura, to save their honour.[77][78] Krishna killed the demon and released them all. According to social custom of the time, all of the captive women were degraded, and would be unable to marry, as they had been under the Narakasura's control. However Krishna married them to reinstate their status in the society. This symbolic wedding with 16,100 abandoned daughters was more of a mass rehabilitation.[79] In Vaishnava traditions, Krishna's wives are forms of the goddess Lakshmi— consort of Vishnu, or special souls who attained this qualification after many lifetimes of austerity, while his two queens, Rukmani and Satyabhama, are expansions of Lakshmi.[80]
When Yudhisthira was assuming the title of emperor, he had invited all the great kings to the ceremony and while paying his respects to them, he started with Krishna because he considered Krishna to be the greatest of them all. While it was a unanimous feeling amongst most present at the ceremony that Krishna should get the first honours, his cousin Shishupala felt otherwise and started berating Krishna. Due to a vow given to Shishupal's mother, Krishna forgave a hundred verbal abuses by Shishupal, and upon the one hundred and first, he assumed his Virat (universal) form and killed Shishupal with his Chakra. The blind king Dhritarashtra also obtained divine vision to be able to see this form of Krishna during the time when Duryodana tried to capture Krishna when he came as a peace bearer before the great Mahabharat War. Essentially, Shishupala and Dantavakra were both re-incarnations of Vishnu's gate-keepers Jaya and Vijaya, who were cursed to be born on Earth, to be delivered by the Vishnu back to Vaikuntha.Once battle seemed inevitable, Krishna offered both sides the opportunity to choose between having either his army called narayani sena or himself alone, but on the condition that he personally would not raise any weapon. Arjuna, on behalf of the Pandavas, chose to have Krishna on their side, and Duryodhana, Kaurava prince, chose Krishna's army. At the time of the great battle, Krishna acted as Arjuna's charioteer, since this position did not require the wielding of weapons.
Upon arrival at the battlefield, and seeing that the enemies are his family, his grandfather, his cousins and loved ones, Arjuna is moved and says his heart does not allow him to fight and he would rather prefer to renounce the kingdom and put down his Gandiv (Arjuna's bow). Krishna then advises him about the battle, with the conversation soon extending into a discourse which was later compiled as the Bhagavad Gita.[82]Krishna asked Arjuna, "Have you within no time, forgotten the Kauravas' evil deeds such as not accepting the eldest brother Yudhishtira as King, usurping the entire Kingdom without yielding any portion to the Pandavas, meting out insults and difficulties to Pandavas, attempt to murder the Pandavas in the Barnava lac guest house, publicly attempting to disrobe and disgracing Draupadi. Krishna further exhorted in his famous Bhagavad Gita, "Arjuna, do not engage in philosophical analyses at this point of time like a Pundit. You are aware that Duryodhana and Karna particularly have long harboured jealousy and hatred for you Pandavas and badly want to prove their hegemony. You are aware that Bhishmacharya and your Teachers are tied down to their dharma of protecting the unitarian power of the Kuru throne. Moreover, you Arjuna, are only a mortal appointee to carry out my divine will, since the Kauravas are destined to die either way, due to their heap of sins. Open your eyes O Bhaarata and know that I encompass the Karta, Karma and Kriya, all in myself. There is no scope for contemplation now or remorse later, it is indeed time for war and the world will remember your might and immense powers for time to come. So rise O Arjuna!, tighten up your Gandiva and let all directions shiver till their farthest horizons, by the reverberation of its string."Krishna had a profound effect on the Mahabharata war and its consequences. He had considered the Kurukshetra war to be a last resort after voluntarily acting as a messenger in order to establish peace between the Pandavas and Kauravas. But, once these peace negotiations failed and was embarked into the war, then he became a clever strategist. During the war, upon becoming angry with Arjuna for not fighting in true spirit against his ancestors, Krishna once picked up a carriage wheel in order to use it as a weapon to challenge Bhishma. Upon seeing this, Bhishma dropped his weapons and asked Krishna to kill him. However, Arjuna apologized to Krishna, promising that he would fight with full dedication here/after, and the battle continued. Krishna had directed Yudhisthira and Arjuna to return to Bhishma the boon of "victory" which he had given to Yudhisthira before the war commenced, since he himself was standing in their way to victory. Bhishma understood the message and told them the means through which he would drop his weapons—which was if a woman entered the battlefield. Next day, upon Krishna's directions, Shikhandi (Amba reborn) accompanied Arjuna to the battlefield and thus, Bhishma laid down his arms. This was a decisive moment in the war because Bhishma was the chief commander of the Kaurava army and the most formidable warrior on the battlefield. Krishna aided Arjuna in killing Jayadratha, who had held the other four Pandava brothers at bay while Arjuna's son Abhimanyu entered Drona's Chakravyuha formation—an effort in which he was killed by the simultaneous attack of eight Kaurava warriors. Krishna also caused the downfall of Drona, when he signalled Bhima to kill an elephant called Ashwatthama, the namesake of Drona's son. Pandavas started shouting that Ashwatthama was dead but Drona refused to believe them saying he would believe it only if he heard it from Yudhisthira. Krishna knew that Yudhisthira would never tell a lie, so he devised a clever ploy so that Yudhisthira wouldn't lie and at the same time Drona would be convinced of his son's death. On asked by Drona, Yudhisthira proclaimed
Ashwathama Hatahath, naro va Kunjaro va
i.e. Ashwathama had died but he was nor sure whether it was a Drona's son or an elephant. But as soon as Yudhisthira had uttered the first line, Pandava army on Krishna's direction broke into celebration with drums and conchs, in the din of which Drona could not hear the second part of the Yudhisthira's declaration and assumed that his son indeed was dead. Overcome with grief he laid down his arms, and on Krishna's instruction Dhrishtadyumna beheaded Drona.
When Arjuna was fighting Karna, the latter's chariot's wheels sank into the ground. While Karna was trying to take out the chariot from the grip of the Earth, Krishna reminded Arjuna how Karna and the other Kauravas had broken all rules of battle while simultaneously attacking and killing Abhimanyu, and he convinced Arjuna to do the same in revenge in order to kill Karna. During the final stage of the war, when Duryodhana was going to meet his mother Gandhari for taking her blessings which would convert all parts of his body on which her sight falls to diamond, Krishna tricks him to wearing banana leaves to hide his groin. When Duryodhana meets Gandhari, her vision and blessings fall on his entire body except his groin and thighs, and she becomes unhappy about it because she was not able to convert his entire body to diamond. When Duryodhana was in a mace-fight with Bhima, Bhima's blows had no effect on Duryodhana. Upon this, Krishna reminded Bhima of his vow to kill Duryodhana by hitting him on the thigh, and Bhima did the same to win the war despite it being against the rules of mace-fight (since Duryodhana had himself broken Dharma in all his past acts). Thus, Krishna's unparalleled strategy helped the Pandavas win the Mahabharata war by bringing the downfall of all the chief Kaurava warriors, without lifting any weapon. He also brought back to life Arjuna's grandson Parikshit, who had been attacked by a Brahmastra weapon from Ashwatthama while he was in his mother's womb. Parikshit became the Pandavas' successor.Krishna had eight princely wives, also known as Ashtabharya: Rukmini, Satyabhama, Jambavati, Nagnajiti, Kalindi, Mitravinda, Bhadra, Lakshmana) and the other 16,100 or 16,000 (number varies in scriptures), who were rescued from Narakasura. They had been forcibly kept in his palace and after Krishna had killed Narakasura, he rescued these women and freed them. Krishna married them all to save them from destruction and infamity. He gave them shelter in his new palace and a respectful place in society. The chief amongst them is Rohini.
The Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, Harivamsa list the children of Krishna from the Ashtabharya with some variation; while Rohini's sons are interpreted to represent the unnumbered children of his junior wives. Most well-known among his sons are Pradyumna, the eldest son of Krishna (and Rukmini) and Samba, the son of Jambavati, whose actions led to the destruction of Krishna's clan.According to Mahabharata, the Kurukshetra war resulted in the death of all the hundred sons of Gandhari. On the night before Duryodhana's death, Lord Krishna visited Gandhari to offer his condolences. Gandhari felt that Krishna knowingly did not put an end to the war, and in a fit of rage and sorrow, Gandhari cursed that Krishna, along with everyone else from the Yadu dynasty, would perish after 36 years. Krishna himself knew and wanted this to happen as he felt that the Yadavas had become very haughty and arrogant (adharmi), so he ended Gandhari's speech by saying "tathastu" (so be it).[83][84][85]
After 36 years passed, a fight broke out between the Yadavas, at a festival, who killed each other. His elder brother, Balarama, then gave up his body using Yoga. Krishna retired into the forest and started meditating under a tree. The Mahabharata also narrates the story of a hunter who becomes an instrument for Krishna's departure from the world. The hunter Jara, mistook Krishna's partly visible left foot for that of a deer, and shot an arrow, wounding him mortally. After he realised the mistake, While still bleeding, Krishna told Jara, "O Jara, you were Bali in your previous birth, killed by myself as Rama in Tretayuga. Here you had a chance to even it and since all acts in this world are done as desired by me, you need not worry for this". Then Krishna, with his physical body[86] ascended back to his eternal abode, Goloka vrindavan and this event marks departure of Krishna from the earth.[87][88][89] The news was conveyed to Hastinapur and Dwaraka by eyewitnesses to this event.[86] The place of this incident is believed to be Bhalka, near Somnath temple.[90][91]
According to Puranic sources,[92] Krishna's disappearance marks the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga, which is dated to February 17/18, 3102 BCE.[7] Vaishnava teachers such as Ramanujacharya and Gaudiya Vaishnavas held the view that the body of Krishna is completely spiritual and never decays (Achyuta) as this appears to be the perspective of the Bhagavata Purana. Lord Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (an incarnation of Lord Sri Krishna according to the Bhavishya Purana) exhorted, "Krishna Naama Sankirtan" i.e. the constant chanting of the Krishna's name is the supreme healer in Kali Yuga. It destroys sins and purifies the hearts through Bhakti ensures universal peace.
Krishna never appears to grow old or age at all in the historical depictions of the Puranas despite passing of several decades, but there are grounds for a debate whether this indicates that he has no material body, since battles and other descriptions of the Mahabharata epic show clear indications that he seems to be subject to the limitations of nature.[93] While battles apparently seem to indicate limitations, Mahabharata also shows in many places where Krishna is not subject to any limitations as through episodes Duryodhana trying to arrest Krishna where his body burst into fire showing all creation within him.[94] Krishna is also explicitly described as without deterioration elsewhere.[95]The worship of Krishna is part of Vaishnavism, which regards Vishnu as the Supreme God and venerates His associated avatars, their consorts, and related saints and teachers. Krishna is especially looked upon as a full manifestation of Vishnu, and as one with Vishnu himself.[96] However the exact relationship between Krishna and Vishnu is complex and diverse,[97] where Krishna is sometimes considered an independent deity, supreme in his own right.[98] Out of many deities, Krishna is particularly important, and traditions of Vaishnava lines are generally centered either on Vishnu or on Krishna, as supreme. The term Krishnaism has been used to describe the sects of Krishna, reserving the term "Vaishnavism" for sects focusing on Vishnu in which Krishna is an avatar, rather than as a transcendent Supreme Being.[99]
All Vaishnava traditions recognise Krishna as an avatar of Vishnu; others identify Krishna with Vishnu; while traditions, such as Gaudiya Vaishnavism,[100][101] Vallabha Sampradaya and the Nimbarka Sampradaya, regard Krishna as the Svayam Bhagavan, original form of God.[102][103][104][105][106] Swaminarayan, the founder of the Swaminarayan Sampraday also worshipped Krishna as God himself. "Greater Krishnaism" corresponds to the second and dominant phase of Vaishnavism, revolving around the cults of the Vasudeva, Krishna, and Gopala of late Vedic period.[107] Today the faith has a significant following outside of India as well.[108]The deity Krishna-Vasudeva (k???a vasudeva "Krishna, the son of Vasudeva") is historically one of the earliest forms of worship in Krishnaism and Vaishnavism.[8][39] It is believed to be a significant tradition of the early history of the worship of Krishna in antiquity.[9][109] This tradition is considered as earliest to other traditions that led to amalgamation at a later stage of the historical development. Other traditions are Bhagavatism and the cult of Gopala, that along with the cult of Bala Krishna form the basis of current tradition of monotheistic religion of Krishna.[110][111] Some early scholars would equate it with Bhagavatism,[9] and the founder of this religious tradition is believed to be Krishna, who is the son of Vasudeva, thus his name is Vasudeva; he is said to be historically part of the Satvata tribe, and according to them his followers called themselves Bhagavatas and this religion had formed by the 2nd century BC (the time of Patanjali), or as early as the 4th century BC according to evidence in Megasthenes and in the Arthasastra of Kautilya, when Vasudeva was worshiped as supreme deity in a strongly monotheistic format, where the supreme being was perfect, eternal and full of grace.[9] In many sources outside of the cult, the devotee or bhakta is defined as Vasudevaka.[112] The Harivamsa describes intricate relationships between Krishna Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha that would later form a Vaishnava concept of primary quadrupled expansion, or avatar.[113]
Bhakti tradition[edit]
Main article: Bhakti yoga
Bhakti, meaning devotion, is not confined to any one deity. However Krishna is an important and popular focus of the devotional and ecstatic aspects of Hindu religion, particularly among the Vaishnava sects.[100][114] Devotees of Krishna subscribe to the concept of lila, meaning 'divine play', as the central principle of the Universe. The lilas of Krishna, with their expressions of personal love that transcend the boundaries of formal reverence, serve as a counterpoint to the actions of another avatar of Vishnu: Rama, "He of the straight and narrow path of maryada, or rules and regulations."[101]
The bhakti movements devoted to Krishna became prominent in southern India in the 7th to 9th centuries AD. The earliest works included those of the Alvar saints of the Tamil country.[115] A major collection of their works is the Divya Prabandham. The Alvar Andal's popular collection of songs Tiruppavai, in which she conceives of herself as a gopi, is the most famous of the oldest works in this genre.[116][117] [118] Kulasekaraazhvaar's Mukundamala was another notable work of this early stage.
Spread of the Krishna-bhakti movement[edit]
The movement, which started in the 6th-7th century A.D. in the Tamil-speaking region of South India, with twelve Alvar (one immersed in God) saint-poets, who wrote devotional songs. The religion of Alvar poets, which included a woman poet, Andal, was devotion to God through love (bhakti), and in the ecstasy of such devotions they sang hundreds of songs which embodied both depth of feeling and felicity of expressions. The movement originated in South India during the seventh-century CE, spreading northwards from Tamil Nadu through Karnataka and Maharashtra; by the fifteenth century, it was established in Bengal and northern India[119]While the learned sections of the society well versed in Sanskrit could enjoy works like Gita Govinda or Bilvamangala's Krishna-Karnamritam, the masses sang the songs of the devotee-poets, who composed in the regional languages of India. These songs expressing intense personal devotion were written by devotees from all walks of life. The songs of Meera and Surdas became epitomes of Krishna-devotion in north India.These devotee-poets, like the Alvars before them, were aligned to specific theological schools only loosely, if at all. But by the 11th century AD, Vaishnava Bhakti schools with elaborate theological frameworks around the worship of Krishna were established in north India. Nimbarka (11th century AD), Vallabhacharya (15th century AD) and (Lord Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu an incarnation of Lord Sri Krishna according to the Bhavishya Purana) (16th century AD) all inspired by the teachings of Madhvacharya (11th century AD) were the founders of the most influential schools. These schools, namely Nimbarka Sampradaya, Vallabha Sampradaya and Gaudiya Vaishnavism respectively, see Krishna as the supreme God, rather than an avatar, as generally seen.
In the Deccan, particularly in Maharashtra, saint poets of the Varkari sect such as Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Janabai, Eknath and Tukaram promoted the worship of Vithoba,[29] a local form of Krishna, from the beginning of the 13th century until the late 18th century.[6] In southern India, Purandara Dasa and Kanakadasa of Karnataka composed songs devoted to the Krishna image of Udupi. Rupa Goswami of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, has compiled a comprehensive summary of bhakti named Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu.[114]In 1965, the Krishna-bhakti movement had spread outside India when its founder, Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, (who was instructed by his guru, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura) traveled from his homeland in West Bengal to New York City. A year later in 1966, after gaining many followers, he was able to form the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), popularly known as the Hare Krishna movement. The purpose of this movement was to write about Krishna in English and to share the Gaudiya Vaishnava philosophy with people in the Western world by spreading the teachings of the saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. In an effort to gain attention, followers chanted the names of God in public locations. This chanting was known as hari-nama sankirtana and helped spread the teaching. Additionally, the practice of distributing prasad or “sanctified food” worked as a catalyst in the dissemination of his works. In the Hare Krishna movement, Prasad was a vegetarian dish that would be first offered to Krishna. The food’s proximity to Krishna added a “spiritual effect,” and was seen to “counteract material contamination affecting the soul.” Sharing this sanctified food with the public, in turn, enabled the movement to gain new recruits and further spread these teachings.[10][120][121]In South India, Vaishnavas usually belong to the Sri Sampradaya[citation needed]. The acharyas of the Sri Sampradaya have written reverentially about Krishna in most of their works like the Thiruppavai by Andal[122] and Gopala Vimshati by Vedanta Desika.[123] In South India, devotion to Krishna, as an avatar of Vishnu, spread in the face of opposition to Buddhism, Shaktism, and Shaivism and ritualistic Vedic sacrifices. The acharyas of the Sri Sampradaya like Manavala Mamunigal, Vedanta Desika strongly advocated surrender to Vishnu as the aim of the Vedas. Out of 108 Divya Desams there are 97 Divya Desams in South India.While discussing the origin of Indian theatre, Horwitz talks about the mention of the Krishna story in Patanjali's Mahabhashya (c. 150 BC), where the episodes of slaying of Kamsa (Kamsa Vadha) and "Binding of the heaven storming titan" (Bali Bandha) are described.[124] Bhasa's Balacharitam and Dutavakyam (c. 400 BC) are the only Sanskrit plays centered on Krishna written by a major classical dramatist. The former dwells only on his childhood exploits and the latter is a one-act play based on a single episode from the Mahabharata when Krishna tries to make peace between the warring cousins.[125]
From the 10th century AD, with the growing bhakti movement, Krishna became a favorite subject of the arts. The songs of the Gita Govinda became popular across India, and had many imitations. The songs composed by the Bhakti poets added to the repository of both folk and classical singing.
The classical Indian dances, especially Odissi and Manipuri, draw heavily on the story. The 'Rasa lila' dances performed in Vrindavan shares elements with Kathak, and the Krisnattam, with some cycles, such as Krishnattam, traditionally restricted to the Guruvayur temple, the precursor of Kathakali.[126]
The Sattriya dance, founded by the Assamese Vaishnava saint Sankardeva, extols the virtues of Krishna. Medieval Maharashtra gave birth to a form of storytelling known as the Hari-Katha, that told Vaishnava tales and teachings through music, dance, and narrative sequences, and the story of Krishna one of them. This tradition spread to Tamil Nadu and other southern states, and is now popular in many places throughout India.
Narayana Tirtha's (17th century AD) Krishna-Lila-Tarangini provided material for the musical plays of the Bhagavata-Mela by telling the tale of Krishna from birth until his marriage to Rukmini. Tyagaraja (18th century AD) wrote a similar piece about Krishna called Nauka-Charitam. The narratives of Krishna from the Puranas are performed in Yakshagana, a performance style native to Karnataka's coastal districts. Many movies in all Indian languages have been made based on these stories. These are of varying quality and usually add various songs, melodrama, and special effects.
In other religions[edit]
Jainism[edit]
Further information: Salakapurusa
The most exalted figures in Jainism are the twenty-four Tirthankaras. Krishna, when he was incorporated into the Jain list of heroic figures, presented a problem with his activities which are not pacifist. The concept of Baladeva, Vasudeva and Prati-Vasudeva was used to solve it.[neutrality is disputed] The Jain list of sixty-three Shalakapurshas or notable figures includes, amongst others, the twenty-four Tirthankaras and nine sets of this triad. One of these triads is Krishna as the Vasudeva, Balarama as the Baladeva and Jarasandha as the Prati-Vasudeva. He was a cousin of the twenty-second Tirthankara, Neminatha. The stories of these triads can be found in the Harivamsha of Jinasena (not be confused with its namesake, the addendum to Mahabharata) and the Trishashti-shalakapurusha-charita of Hemachandra.[127]
In each age of the Jain cyclic time is born a Vasudeva with an elder brother termed the Baladeva. The villain is the Prati-vasudeva. Baladeva is the upholder of the Jain principle of non-violence. However, Vasudeva has to forsake this principle to kill the Prati-Vasudeva and save the world. [128][129]The story of Krishna occurs in the Jataka tales in Buddhism,[130] in the Vaibhav Jataka as a prince and legendary conqueror and king of India.[131] In the Buddhist version, Krishna is called Vasudeva, Kanha and Keshava, and Balarama is his older brother, Baladeva. These details resemble that of the story given in the Bhagavata Purana. Vasudeva, along with his nine other brothers (each son a powerful wrestler) and one elder sister (Anjana) capture all of Jambudvipa (many consider this to be India) after beheading their evil uncle, King Kamsa, and later all other kings of Jambudvipa with his Sudarshana Chakra. Much of the story involving the defeat of Kamsa follows the story given in the Bhagavata Purana.[132]
As depicted in the Mahabharata, all of the sons are eventually killed due to a curse of sage Kanhadipayana (Veda Vyasa, also known as Krishna Dwaipayana). Krishna himself is eventually speared by a hunter in the foot by mistake, leaving the sole survivor of their family being their sister, Anjanadevi of whom no further mention is made.[133]
Since Jataka tales are given from the perspective of Buddha's previous lives (as well as the previous lives of many of Buddha's followers), Krishna appears as the "Dhammasenapati" or "Chief General of the Dharma" and is usually shown being Buddha's "right-hand man" in Buddhist art and iconography.[134] The Bodhisattva, is born in this tale as one of his youngest brothers named Ghatapandita, and saves Krishna from the grief of losing his son.[131] The 'divine boy' Krishna as an embodiment of wisdom and endearing prankster forms a part of the pantheon of gods in Japanese Buddhism .[135]Bahá'ís believe that Krishna was a "Manifestation of God", or one in a line of prophets who have revealed the Word of God progressively for a gradually maturing humanity. In this way, Krishna shares an exalted station with Abraham, Moses, Zoroaster, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus, the Báb, and the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'u'lláh.[Members of the Ahmadiyya Community believe Krishna to be a great prophet of God as described by their founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. This belief is maintained by the Qur'anic Principle that God has sent prophets and messengers to every nation of the world leaving no region without divine guidance (see for instance Quran 10:47 and Quran 16:36).
Ghulam Ahmad also claimed to be the likeness of Krishna as a latter day reviver of religion and morality whose mission was to reconcile man with God.[138] Ahmadis maintain that the Sanskrit term Avatar is synonymous with the term 'prophet' of the Middle Eastern religious tradition as God's intervention with man; as God appoints a man as his vicegerent upon earth. In Lecture Sialkot, Ghulam Ahmed wrote:
Let it be clear that Raja Krishna, according to what has been revealed to me, was such a truly great man that it is hard to find his like among the Rishis and Avatars of the Hindus. He was an Avatar—i.e., Prophet—of his time upon whom the Holy Spirit would descend from God. He was from God, victorious and prosperous. He cleansed the land of the Aryas from sin and was in fact the Prophet of his age whose teaching was later corrupted in numerous ways. He was full of love for God, a friend of virtue and an enemy of evil.[138]
Krishna is also called Murli Dhar. The flute of Krishna means the flute of revelation and not the physical flute. Krishna lived like humans and he was a prophet.[139][140]Krishna worship or reverence has been adopted by several new religious movements since the 19th century and he is sometimes a member of an eclectic pantheon in occult texts, along with Greek, Buddhist, biblical and even historical figures.[141] For instance, Édouard Schuré, an influential figure in perennial philosophy and occult movements, considered Krishna a Great Initiate; while Theosophists regard Krishna as an incarnation of Maitreya (one of the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom), the most important spiritual teacher for humanity along with Buddha
“Associated” is a site specific show in a severely damaged brownstone, currently with a Vacate Order, issued by the DOB. As you may recall, the huge fire on Nov 12th 2010 at the Associated Supermarket on 5th Avenue and 17th Street not only damaged the supermarket building including the Open Source Gallery, but also a brownstone next door. The 3 family house, the Gallery owners’ home, was also rendered uninhabitable by the blaze.
There is no exact date for the show. There will be a 2 week window when the Vacate Order will be dropped and the contractors will start their work. All participating artists are prepared to install their work any day within the next month.
opening up with the
OPEN SOURCE CARNIVAL
The Carnival involves a public celebration combining some elements of circus, performance, public fair and party. We encourage people to dress-up in costumes during the celebration and to bring a little bit of money for the future of OPEN SOURCE.
Participants
Sara Bouchard, Christian Brown, Reamonn Byrne, Wendy Chu, Ethan Crenson, Hubert Dobler, Peter Feigenbaum, Pirmin Hagen, Fumie Ishii, Der Kommissar, Stefanie Koseff, James Leonard, Loadingdock5, Katerina Marcelja, Amanda C. Mathis, Patrick May, Nolan McKew, Annelise E. Ream, Jason Reppert, Raphaela Riepl, Evan Robarts, Frank Scheiderbauer, Allison Read Smith, Miho Suzuki, Kathleen Vance, Letizia Werth, Lily White, Monika Wuhrer
Would you like a take a shortcut to a specific Snowman?
01. A Partridge in a Pear Tree (Donna Newman) | 02. Two Turtle Doves (Laura-Kate Chapman) | 03. Three French Hens (Jessica Perrin) | 04. Four Calling Birds (Mik Richardson) | 05. Five Gold Rings (Adam Pekr) | 06. Six Geese a Laying (Donna Newman) | 07. Seven Swans Swimming (RP Roberts) | 08. Eight Maids Milking (Megan Heather Evans) | 09. Nine Ladies Dancing (Jenny Leonard) | 10. Lords Leaping (Sally Adams) | 11. Eleven Pipers Piping (Amanda Quellin) | 12. Twelve Drummers Drumming (Sue Guthrie)
Riff, PD#18245, a land art monument celebrating 100 years of the Zuiderzee Act
A collaboration of artist Bob Gramsma and engineer WaltGalmarini AG
Riff, PD#18245 is a site-specific work, a Land Art monument. The tectonic work looks like it is emerging from the natural-cultural landscape and, at the same time, helps to frame it. A mound of soil was heaped up on a foundation of slanted pillars. Large cavities were dug into the mound and then cast in concrete, thus creating an inverted sculptural reproduction of the void in the mound. Afterwards, the mound was removed, and the concrete sculpture cleaned of loose soil and sand. The result is a large-scale work, supported by three stalactite-shaped concrete volumes and the pillars of the foundation, which are partially visible. The monument is in context with the horizon, the landscape and the sunset. A stairway leads up to the top of the structure, inviting visitors to overview its surface.
The process of digging uses the labour of construction to create traces of landscape – space without architecture. The sculpture re-interprets the material and historical conditions of the site. The slightly slanted volume echoes characteristics of the Polder, like dikes, ditches, canals, plots, embankment, drainage, extraction, renaturation and depilution (vertical segregation). At the same time, Riff, PD#18245 also appears foreign in this environment – a hull resting on slanted pillars, aligned with the dikes. It is reminiscent of other interventions in this particular landscape: water management, flood protections, the signs of the transition from fishing to agriculture, and the renaturation of the landscape. It literally emerges from, and melds into, the artificial topography, the geology, the IJsselmeer polder and the Zuiderzee bed.
At the same time, Riff, PD#18245 is a trace of the artistic and the production process, outlining an interstice between the present and the past. The trace as an index of the working process creates a nexus between time and spatiality. The monumental blueprint of an excavation, which has long since disappeared, turns into a poetic sculpture, a hollow resonant body with a natural patina growing over time. Riff, PD#18245 looks southwest westward across the renatured land in the direction of the sunset and the amusement parks, providing a visual link to the Veluwemeer and the Flevopolder, the largest man-made island and its physical vastness.
Riff, PD#18245 becomes a space for the audience to project, or to reanimate, their understanding of the site, its history and its present. The sculpture is at once a tool to reflect on history and an incitement for the viewer to dream those stories. It is a way of visualizing both absence and presence, a sculpted ghost, or spirit, that opens up a new space for rethinking the relationship between material and memory. It is a residue of memory, honouring the past, while serving the present. By means of the elemental exposure of the earth, the missing cast, and the past that it encapsulates, we are reminded that earth and its history — as well as the cosmic forces or energies shaping it — are beyond human intelligibility. But we can try to understand, or appreciate, their unfathomable presence in time as we access this exhumed vestige.
Production
After creating a foundation by driving piles deep into the ground, a huge mound (70 x 40 x 7 m, 15.000 m3) was heaped up on top of it, consisting of sand and clay from the agricultural land and from the bottom of the Zuiderzee on the site. A wide sinkhole, reaching 2 m under sea level, and two narrow deep pits, reaching down to the level of the pillars, were dug into the mound. Reinforcement structures were built, and concrete poured and pneumatically projected into the cavities to produce an inverted sculptural reproduction of the empty space. After the concrete had dried, the heaped-up soil was bulldozed away and returned to build the new environment for the New Nature Programme. An immersive sculpture, whose platform hovers above the ground, is revealed. A small staircase cuts into the platform. The piece is approx. 37,5 m long, 13 m wide and 7 m high.
Using the local soil as false work, as well as formwork, and reusing it after the production for the new reserve is a very ecological, as well as economical, casting technique. It allows to produce an intricate seamless hollow concrete cast in one piece. After the structure was cleaned, it is ready for the public and the winds to take over. Within time, an ecosystem will evolve on the inside of the hollow body, and the surface will be partly covered with moss, chalk, and salt efflorescence. Little gaps in the shell enable insects and animals to build viable habitats inside the hollow body. The whole production process was open to the public to provide an in-depth vision and understanding in the making of Riff, PD#18245. The sculpture itself thus starts to generate memories in the minds of the audience – a process that will continue well into the future as weather and nature gradually take over the sculpture, altering its shape and functions over time, while the wind is playing on its resonant body.
Text: Martin Jaeggi
beat.wave - a site-specific entrance
J. MAYER H. Architects
project team: Juergen Mayer H., Jonathan Busse
Project: 5th - 9th December 2007
Client: PULSE Contemporary Art Fair, Miami
Location: Soho Studios in the Wynwood District, 2136 NW 1st Ave, Miami
Courtesy of PULSE, magnus müller and the artist
beat.wave, is an entry gate to PULSE Miami with an undulating arch that is
about 11 feet high. Cantilevering, split and sliced, this ambivalent
structure offers seating areas as a meeting point and a place for
contemplation.
The architect, designer and artist Jürgen Mayer H. focuses on works at the
intersection of architecture, communication and new technology. From urban
planning schemes and buildings to installation work and objects with new
materials, the relationship between the human body,
technology and nature form the background for a new production of space. In
his art work, Mayer strategically chooses to bypass architecture and to use
art as an operative platform. In close interaction with our built
environment his work highlights the
relationship between the human body and the architectural space.
En Silencio es una instalación site specific realizada por la artista brasileña Sandra Cinto y comisariada por David Barro para el programa Gran Escala de Matadero Madrid. Un programa que propone a una serie de artistas abordar un espacio de naturaleza industrial y grandes dimensiones, ahora resuelto por Sandra Cinto como un paisaje imaginario, íntimo y rotundo, aunque se estructure desde lo frágil. Si por un lado se reivindica el silencio en una sociedad invadida por el ruido, por otro esa tentativa, silenciada, individual, se resuelve expandida, rotunda, colectiva. La experiencia es física, pero sobre todo psíquica, mental.
El espacio abismal de Matadero se convierte ahora en una habitación dominada por una mesa donde Sandra Cinto, escenifica un sentimiento, el de la dificultad de la creación, de componer, de manifestarse. En Silencio hace que el tiempo se pare como cuando estamos ante una fotografía antigua. Como cuando la música no suena, la creación es un callejón sin salida, igual que cuando una escalera no conduce a ningún lugar o cuando los libros no se pueden abrir.
Sandra Cinto. Nacida en Santo André (Brasil) en 1968, Sandra Cinto vive y trabaja en São Paulo, donde codirige el espacio-taller de artistas Ateliê Fidalga. Además de las habituales muestras en las galerías que la representan, como Casa Triângulo en São Paulo y Tanya Bonakdar en Nueva York, ha realizado exposiciones individuales en el Museo de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, Seattle Art Museum, Instituto Tomie Ohtake o, actualmente, en el Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, así como colectivas como las celebradas en Museum of Contemporary Art de Miami, Museum of Contemporary Art de San Diego o el Centre Georges Pompidou. Seleccionada en importantes proyectos editoriales como Vitamin D (Phaidon), su obra se encuentra en colecciones como la Fundación ARCO, Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Museo de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, Centro de Arte Contemporânea de Inhotim o The Philips Collection.