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ESA has backed the creation of this flexible, ultra-thin solar cell to deliver the best power to mass ratio for space missions.
Just about 0.02 mm thick – thinner than a human hair – the prototype solar cells were developed by Azur Space Solar Power in Germany and tf2 in the Netherlands; the cell seen here is from tf2. The project was backed through ESA’s Technology Development Element, investigating novel technologies for space.
Possessing up to 32% ‘end of life’ efficiency, the solar cells were produced using a technique called ‘epitaxial lift-off’, meaning they were peeled off the Germanium substrate layer they were initially laid down on, so the costly material can be reused.
Both triple- and quadruple-junction solar cells were manufactured. This means they consist of three or four different layers of material, optimised to make use of different wavelengths of light making up the solar spectrum.
These thinner-than-paper solar cells could be harnessed for future ESA satellites or else high-altitude pseudo satellites (HAPS) – uncrewed aircraft or balloons to perform satellite-like tasks from the upper atmosphere.
Credits: ESA–SJM Photography
We were on our way to Vegas airport. We were traveling with the kid and we had some emergency so we have stop over on the freeway.
It was very famed strait road of the desert in USA, It was very diverse for me as I am leaving hilly region.
Also there was huge solar farm on the left side and luckily it was about to sunset to so there was perfect light.
So I could not hold up my self from capturing the moment.
The frame and the walls are made of wood - a climate-positive building that stores carbon dioxide. Both sides of the roof and the balcony gables are made of solar cells. Those solar cells (130,000 kWh/year) plus a part of a solar park (100,000 kWh/year) produce more energy than the tenants use (measured after one year). 15 apartments for rent in each of the two buildings owned by the building company ETC Bygg. On the ground floor there is a shared laundry and a room for bicycles.
There is also a car pool - the electric red Tesla in front of the building.
Built: 2021. Architects: Hans Eek and Kaminsky Arkitektur.
(Swedish: Kuggen) Building for Chalmers University of Technology that consists of repetitions of optimal office units. The solar cells on the roof give electricity and drives a sun shade for the top floor that moves in the same speed as the sun. There are also solar collectors on the roof for the hot tap water. Certified as GreenBuilding according to European Commission’s Programme to enhance energy efficiency.
Built: 2011. Architect: Wingårdh Arkitektkontor.
www.wingardhs.se (website only in English).
Tomato plants. The black squares are parts in a photovoltaic system (solar cells) that produces electricity and yet you have enough light for the plants inside the greenhouse. Solar cells on roofs can convert more energy when the sun is high in the sky and less in cloudy conditions or when the sun is low. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) will increasingly influence our built environment, roofs, walls, windows and so on.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building-integrated_photovoltaics
One of the buildings at the ETC Solar Park in Katrineholm.
etcsolpark.se (website in Swedish)
(Swedish: ETC Torp) A house with a roof made of solar cells and a greenhouse towards south. The frame and the walls are made of wood - a climate-positive building that stores carbon dioxide. The foundation consists of foam glass, no concrete is used. It is so energy efficient that it can provide energy to at least one more house. The building is a show house and you can buy a house like that from the building company ETC Bygg.
Built: 2022.
One of the buildings in the ETC Solar Park in Katrineholm.
etcbygg.se/ett-klimatsmart-hus/ (website in Swedish)
The red house is typical for Sweden. The traditional red paint contains pigment from the copper-mine in Falun, Dalecarlia.
The photovoltaic system (solar cells) produces electricity and gives shade for the planting.
A part of the ETC Solar Park in Katrineholm.
etcsolpark.se (website in Swedish)
A fantastic artist’s depiction of the deployment of the Particles and Fields Subsatellite from the Scientific Instrument Module (SIM) Bay of Apollo 15 CSM ‘Endeavour’.
I’m not totally sure, but I believe it’s a valid depiction for Apollo 16, ignorantly assuming its SIM Bay configuration to be the same.
Not surprisingly, and I’m quite certain about this, by Russ Arasmith. Not only does the style lead me to the conclusion, but also the “4”, the numbering being common to many of his works depicting key moments from the depicted mission.
The block "Embassy of Sharing" is situated next to the railway station in Hyllie, a part of Malmö city. The block consists of seven buildings with different content, some of them are under construction. In the block there will be, among other things, nearly 300 homes, offices, bazaars, startup environments, a library, a bicycle café and small industries. The tall building called "Fyrtornet" ("The Lighthouse"), is Sweden's tallest wooden office building. The glass facade is partly windows and partly solar cells (the darker parts).
"Embassy of Sharing" was the winning proposal in an architectural competition. It is designed by Wingårdhs Arkitekter and built by Granitor.
www.wingardhs.se/freshest/fyrtornet (website mostly in Swedish)
Low-cost solar cells developed by Italian company CESI for terrestrial uses can now be employed in space too.
Individually, each business-card-sized solar cell cannot provide sufficient power to do much. But interconnectors allow them to be stringed together and linked into grids, until they are able to generate sufficient current and voltage to satisfy mission power demands.
The strings of solar cells are generally bonded to panels until an entire array is built, either mounted onto a satellite body or as a deployable wing. The individual cells are protected from the harsh space environment by a very thin layer of glass, just 0.1 – 0.15 mm thick.
CESI developed these low-cost solar cells by optimising their manufacturing process. While this means the cells are less efficient than comparable ones on the market, they offer lower cost while maintaining reliability.
Their testing was supported through ESA’s General Support Technology Programme, readying promising products for spaceflight.
Both the individual solar cells and assemblies have now been qualified in accordance with European Cooperation for Space Standardization standards, meaning that after some higher level qualification tests they can be relied on for future space missions.
Credits: CESI
Solar panels, solar school, green houses, café and shop at the ETC Solar Park in Katrineholm.
etcsolpark.se (website in Swedish)
Le dernier-né de l'EPFL. Inauguration 3, 5 et 6 avril 2014
Une technologie proprement renversante...
Cette façade est recouverte de cellules solaires à pigments photosensibles.
Energy efficient building with super insulation, primarily heated by radiated solar energy, heat produced by humans, household machinery, domestic electronic equipment and light fittings.
The roof is a building integrated photovoltaic system. Export of locally produced electricity during sunny days and purchase of electricity from the grid at other times.
Semi-detached houses in a tenant-owners' society with 10 dwellings.
www.kaminsky.se (website in Swedish)
The Heliotrope was built 1994 as the first home in the world that produced more energy than it expends. The building has on one side triple-paned thermal insulated glass and it rotates to track the sun. Thus the maximum possible energy and light is let into the home. The other side of the building is highly thermally insulated. In the hot summer days, the house will instead turn the insulated backside to the sun, to keep the home comfortably cool.
On the roof there is a large mounted photovoltaic unit, totally 54 m2 with 6.6 kW peak output. The panel tracks the sun throughout the day automatically and computer controlled (turning independently from the building itself). Affixed as balcony railings there are vacuum-solar thermal collectors for hot water and heating. The ventilation system includes earth-to-air heat exchangers and ventilation with heat recovery.
Rainwater is collected, filtered and reused. Garbage and feces is decomposed in an odorless dry composting.
The house is the private home of its architect, Rolf Disch. It´s situated in Ziegelweg 28, Freiburg, Germany.
Rolf Disch Solar Architecture www.rolfdisch.de (website also in English)
"Albert Einstein explained the underlying mechanism of light instigated carrier excitation—the photoelectric effect—in 1905, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921"
Extract from Wikipedia
The image, which might resemble an open sky mine, shows the morphology of a crystal of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 or CIGSe. CIGSe is a semiconductor material used in the manufacture of thin film solar cells. Due to its unique physical properties, the semiconductors are indispensable materials for the development and advancement of the electronic and technology. (Authors: Isidoro Poveda Barriga, Enrique Rodríguez Cañas, Eberhardt Josué Friedrich).
Courtesy of Dr. Eberhardt Josue Friedrich Kernahan
Image Details
Instrument used: Other SEM (XL SEM, Sirion, etc.)
Magnification: 2500x
Voltage: 15 kV
Spot: 3.0
Working Distance: 6.0
Detector: SE
Turning light into power, solar arrays are a must-have for the vast majority of satellites.
With solar arrays sized according to the power needs of the mission, there might be thousands of individual solar cells crammed onto a typical satellite.
The design seen here is a thin version of the European 3G30 triple-junction gallium arsenide solar cell. Produced by Azur Space Solar Power, it is one of the most efficient in the world.
It was 60 years ago this month that the first practical solar (or ‘photovoltaic’ cell) was demonstrated at Bell Labs in New Jersey, USA. This new invention’s very first practical use was in powering early satellites, and solar cells remain pivotal to the space industry to this day.
But photovoltaic electricity generation is also on the way to becoming a major terrestrial energy source, projected to supply close to 3% of global electricity demand by 2020.
This bright future will be the focus of the European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, this September.
Thousands of experts will discuss the progress of photovoltaic technology across – as well as off – the planet.
Historically, the space industry has helped to drive advances in photovoltaics. For instance, the gallium arsenide cells powering today’s satellites are more than twice as efficient as those installed on domestic rooftops.
With such successes in mind, ESA has begun an initiative devoted to the synergies between space and energy technology called Space for Energy, with solar energy a major element.
Meanwhile, next week sees the ESA-organised European Space Power Conference in Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands, covering all aspects of electrical power for space missions, including batteries, power components and nuclear power.
Credit: Azur Space Solar Power
I could never find the name plate for this piece of equipment. I'm assuming it is some form of satellite, but I have no idea what it does.
The village of Strittmatt is just to the east of Segeten. Take a look at all the solar panels on the rooftops.
a7rii + Voigtlander Heliar Hyper Wide 10mm F5.6 E
Rotterdam Central Station / Benthem Crouwel Architects + MVSA Architects + West 8
Project Year: 2014
The largely transparent roof structure which covers all the tracks over a length of 250 meters, flood the platforms with light. The glass plates of the roof vary the level of light transmittance by utilizing different solar cells patterns, which produce an ever-changing and fascinating play of shadows on the platforms.
www.archdaily.com/588218/rotterdam-central-station-benthe...
The black squares are parts in a photovoltaic system (solar cells) that produce electricity and yet you have enough light for the café inside the building. Solar cells can convert more energy when the sun is shining and less in cloudy conditions. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) will increasingly influence our built environment, roofs, walls, windows and so on.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building-integrated_photovoltaics
The black squares on the ground that you can walk on are also solar cells.
One of the buildings at the ETC Solar Park in Katrineholm.
etcsolpark.se (website in Swedish)
A housing cooperative called "Under Samma Tak" (meaning "Under One Roof"). The city of Gothenburg has decided that some of the plots they sell each year should go to housing cooperatives. The building is owned by the housing company Trollängen. They have together with the tenants planned the housing for several years. You rent an apartment with a kitchen but on the ground floor there is also a shared living room, dining room, kitchen, two conservatories and a laundry. You also share a roof terrace and a garden. The cooperative rents 59 apartments and chooses who can move into an apartment.
Built: 2020. Architects: ferrum arkitekter (Helena Westholm).
www.ferrumarkitekter.se (website in Swedish)
Klimacamp Rheinland 2016 (Infopunkt mit Solarzellen)
www.klimacamp-im-rheinland.de/en/
www.klimacamp-im-rheinland.de/
The central point for information and answers of all kind.
Books, brochures, flyers and stickers available.
Also cold drinks, organic snacks or cool T-Shirts.
You could relax on sofas while reading.
The solar cells provided electricity which was used eg. for a loading station for mobile phones.
© Angela M. Lobefaro
All Rights Reserved
© RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA
A solar panel (photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a packaged interconnected assembly of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications.
Because a single solar panel can only produce a limited amount of power, many installations contain several panels. This is known as a photovoltaic array. A photovoltaic installation typically includes an array of solar panels, an inverter, batteries and interconnection wiring.
courtesy of : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel
The sheets with the solar cells can be folded together and be moved into a protected position. For example at night or during storm and hail. Solar panels in the shape of a flower. Wattwil, Switzerland, June 10, 2016. (2/3)
a7rii + Voigtlander Heliar Hyper Wide 10mm F5.6 E
Rotterdam Central Station / Benthem Crouwel Architects + MVSA Architects + West 8
Project Year: 2014
The largely transparent roof structure which covers all the tracks over a length of 250 meters, flood the platforms with light. The glass plates of the roof vary the level of light transmittance by utilizing different solar cells patterns, which produce an ever-changing and fascinating play of shadows on the platforms.
www.archdaily.com/588218/rotterdam-central-station-benthe...
The school in Stadsskogen in Alingsås City is Sweden´s first school certified as zero energy bulding (the roof is covered with solar cells).
Built: 2013. Architect: Liljewall arkitekter.
www.liljewall-arkitekter.se (website only in Swedish)
www.nollhus.se (website only in Swedish)
Concentrating photovoltaic cells are being installed at Bryce Canyon National Park for power generation.
Photographed using a Sony A7R.
Though it might not look like it, this bench has a good view of Tobin Harbor. However, a different nearby bench has an awesome view of Tobin Harbor.
The solar panel and antennae on the summit of Emory Peak. I assume these are for the park's radio network. The false summit has more cells and antennae, along with an anemometer and what seems to be other instruments.
You can see the Chisos Basin development center below - lodge, restaurant, store, post office, campground, utility buildings, and such.
Deployment of the solar wings on the first Galileo satellite 'Full Operational Capability' satellite is shown being checked at ESA’s ESTEC technical hub in the Netherlands at the end of June 2013. The navigation satellite’s pair of 1 x 5 m solar wings, carrying more than 2500 state-of-the-art gallium arsenide solar cells, will power the satellite during its 12-year working life.
Credit: ESA-Anneke Le Floc'h
More info on the ESA Portal:
www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/Galileo_spreads_its...
The black cross is made of solar panels. They give electricity to four small headstones, each combined with a robotic lawnmower!
Artwork by Marc Broos at Alma Löv Museum of Unexp. Art.
The museum is situated in Sunne municipality, south of Östra Ämtervik.
www.almalov.se (website in Swedish)
The image shows the fracture of molybdenum thin film grown on a polymer substrate. Molybdenum thin films is used as back contact layer in CuInGaSe based solar cells. Co-authors: Máximo León M., Isidoro Ignacio Poveda, Enrique Rodríguez Cañas, Esperanza Salvador R.
Courtesy of Eberhardt Josue Friedrich Kernahan
Image Details
Instrument used: XL SEM Family
Magnification: 20,000X
Voltage: 10 kV
Spot: 3.0
Working Distance: 5.7
(Swedish: Hogslätts Vänboende)
In 2013 a building cooperative was formed and in 2018 the housing was inaugurated: 12 apartments plus a common living room in a housing cooperative. One of the purposes is that anyone can afford the apartments. All tenants are members in a economic association that owns the plot and the buildings. Heating is done with a geothermal heat pump and the solar cells on the roofs provide almost half of the total electricity demand.
Architect: Hans Sörqvist. Builder: Ulf Pagander.
hogsl%c3%a4ttsv%c3%a4nbo.se (website in Swedish)