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Posting this reference photo for fellow Barbie collectors & fans. Found on the internet - photo not taken by me.
leper graveyard, robben island, cape town
Robben Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robben Island shown within Western Cape
Location within Cape Town [show]
Coordinates:
33.806734°S 18.366222°ECoordinates:
33.806734°S 18.366222°E
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceWestern Cape
MunicipalityCity of Cape Town
Area[1]
• Total5.18 km2 (2.00 sq mi)
Population (2011)[1]
• Total116
• Density22/km2 (58/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[1]
• Black African60.3%
• Coloured23.3%
• White13.8%
• Other2.6%
First languages (2011)[1]
• Xhosa37.9%
• Afrikaans35.3%
• Zulu15.5%
• English7.8%
• Other3.4%
PO box7400
UNESCO World Heritage Site
TypeCultural
Criteriaiii, vi
Designated1999 (23rd session)
Reference no.916
State PartySouth Africa
RegionAfrica
Robben Island (Afrikaans: Robbeneiland) is an island in Table Bay, 6.9 km west of the coast of Bloubergstrand, Cape Town, South Africa. The name is Dutch for "seal island." Robben Island is roughly oval in shape, 3.3 km long north-south, and 1.9 km wide, with an area of 5.07 km².[2] It is flat and only a few metres above sea level, as a result of an ancient erosion event. Nobel Laureate and former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was imprisoned there for 18 of the 27 years he served behind bars before the fall of apartheid. To date, three of the former inmates of Robben Island have gone on to become President of South Africa: Nelson Mandela, Kgalema Motlanthe,[3] and current President Jacob Zuma.
Robben Island is a South African National Heritage Site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[4][5]
History[edit]
Robben Island as viewed from Table Mountain towards Saldanha Bay.
Since the end of the 17th century, Robben Island has been used for the isolation of mainly political prisoners. The Dutch settlers were the first to use Robben Island as a prison. Its first prisoner was probably Autshumato in the mid-17th century. Among its early permanent inhabitants were political leaders from various Dutch colonies, including Indonesia, and the leader of the mutiny on the slave ship Meermin.
After the British Royal Navy captured several Dutch East Indiamen at the battle of Saldanha Bay in 1781, a boat rowed out to meet the British warships. On board were the "kings of Ternate and Tidore, and the princes of the respective families". The Dutch had long held them on "Isle Robin", but then had moved them to Saldanha Bay.[6]
In 1806 the Scottish whaler John Murray opened a whaling station at a sheltered bay on the north-eastern shore of the island which became known as Murray's Bay, adjacent to the site of the present-day harbour named Murray's Bay Harbour which was constructed in 1939–40.[7][8]
After a failed uprising at Grahamstown in 1819, the fifth of the Xhosa Wars, the British colonial government sentenced African leader Makanda Nxele to life imprisonment on the island.[9] He drowned on the shores of Table Bay after escaping the prison.[10][11]
The island was also used as a leper colony and animal quarantine station.[12] Starting in 1845 lepers from the Hemel-en-Aarde (heaven and earth) leper colony near Caledon were moved to Robben Island when Hemel-en-Aarde was found unsuitable as a leper colony. Initially this was done on a voluntary basis and the lepers were free to leave the island if they so wished.[13] In April 1891 the cornerstones for 11 new buildings to house lepers were laid. After the introduction of the Leprosy Repression Act in May 1892 admission was no longer voluntary and the movement of the lepers was restricted. Prior to 1892 an average of about 25 lepers a year were admitted to Robben Island, but in 1892 that number rose to 338, and in 1893 a further 250 were admitted.[13]
During the Second World War the island was fortified and BL 9.2-inch guns and 6-inch guns were installed as part of the defences for Cape Town.
From 1961, Robben Island was used by the South African government as a prison for political prisoners and convicted criminals. In 1969 the Moturu Kramat, which is now a sacred site for Muslim pilgrimage on Robben Island, was built to commemorate Sayed Abdurahman Moturu, the Prince of Madura. Moturu, who was one of Cape Town's first imams, was exiled to the island in the mid-1740s. He died there in 1754. Muslim political prisoners would pay homage at the shrine before leaving the island.
The maximum security prison for political prisoners closed in 1991. The medium security prison for criminal prisoners was closed five years later.[14]
With the end of apartheid, the island has become a popular destination with global tourists. It is managed by Robben Island Museum (RIM); which operates the site as a living museum. In 1999 the island was declared a World Heritage Site. Every year thousands of visitors take the ferry from the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town for tours of the island and its former prison. Many of the guides are former prisoners. All land on the island is owned by the state of South Africa with the exception of the island church. It is open all year around, weather permitting.
Access to the island[edit]
Robben Island is accessible to visitors through tours that depart from Cape Town's waterfront. Tours depart three times a day and take about 3.5 hours, consiststing of a ferry trip to and from the island, and a tour of the various historical sites on the island that form part of the Robben Island Museum. These include the island graveyard, the disused lime quarry, Robert Sobukwe’s house, the Bluestone quarry, the army and navy bunkers, and the maximum security prison including Nelson Mandela’s cell.[15]
Maritime hazard[edit]
Dutch map of the island, from 1731.
Seagoing vessels must take great care navigating near Robben Island and nearby Whale Rock (it does not break the surface) as they pose a danger to shipping.[16] A prevailing rough Atlantic swell surrounds the offshore reefs and the island's jagged coastline. Stricken vessels driven onto rocks are quickly broken up by the powerful surf. There are a total of 31 known vessels that have been wrecked around the island.[17]
In 1990, a marine archaeology team from the University of Cape Town began Operation "Sea Eagle". It was an underwater survey that scanned 9 square nautical miles of seabed around Robben Island. The task was made particularly difficult by the strong currents and high waves that make sailing in these waters treacherous. Nevertheless, the group managed to find 24 vessels that had sank around Robben Island. Most wrecks were found in waters less than 10 metres (33 ft). The team concluded that poor weather, darkness and fog were the cause of the sinkings.[17]
Maritime wrecks around Robben Island and its surrounding waters include the 17th century Dutch East Indiaman ships, the Yeanger van Horne (1611), the Shaapejacht (1660), and the Dageraad (1694). Later 19th century wrecks include several British brigs including the Gondolier (1836) and the American clipper, A.H. Stevens (1866). In 1901 the mail steamer SS Tantallon Castle struck rocks off Robben Island in dense fog shortly after leaving Cape Town. After distress cannons were fired from the island, nearby vessels rushed to the rescue. All 120 passengers and crew were taken off the ship before it was broken apart in the relentless swell. A further 17 ships have been wrecked in the 20th century, including British, Spanish, Norwegian and Taiwanese vessels.
Robben Island lighthouse[edit]
Due to the maritime danger that Robben Island presents to shipping, Jan van Riebeeck, the first Dutch colonial administrator in Cape Town in the 1650s, ordered that huge bonfires were to be lit at night on top of Fire Hill, the highest point on the island (now Minto Hill). These were to warn VOC ships approaching the island.
In 1865 Robben Island lighthouse was completed on Minto Hill.[18] The cylindrical masonry tower, which has an attached lightkeepers house at its base, is 18 metres (59 ft) high with a lantern gallery at the top. In 1938 the lamp was converted to electricity. The lighthouse utilises a flashing lantern instead of a revolving lamp; it shines for a duration of 5 seconds every seven seconds. The 46,000 candela beam flashes white light away from Table Bay. It is visible up to 24 nautical miles (28 mi).[19] A secondary red light acts as a navigation aid for vessels sailing south southeast.
Wildlife and conservation[edit]
When the Dutch arrived in the area in 1652, the only large animals on the island were seals and birds, principally penguins. In 1654, the settlers released rabbits on the island to provide a ready source of meat for passing ships.[20]
The original colony of African penguins on the island was completely exterminated by 1800. However the modern day island is once again an important breeding area for the species after a new colony established itself there in 1983.[21] The colony grew to a size of ~16,000 individuals in 2004, before starting to decline in size again. As of 2015, this decline has been continuous (to a colony size of ~3,000 individuals) and mirrors that found at almost all other African penguin colonies. Its causes are still largely unclear and likely to vary between colonies, but at Robben Island are probably related to a diminishing of the food supply (sardines and anchovies) through competition by fisheries.[22] The penguins are easy to see close up in their natural habitat and are therefore a popular tourist attraction.
Around 1958, Lieutenant Peter Klerck, a naval officer serving on the island, introduced various animals. The following extract of an article, written by Michael Klerck who lived on the island from an early age, describes the fauna life there:[23]
My father, a naval officer at the time, with the sanction of Doctor Hey, director of Nature Conservation, turned an area into a nature reserve. A 'Noah's Ark' berthed in the harbour sometime in 1958. They stocked the island with tortoise, duck, geese, buck (which included Springbok, Eland, Steenbok, Bontebok and Fallow Deer), Ostrich and a few Wildebeest which did not last long. All except the fallow deer are indigenous to the Cape. Many animals are still there[24] including three species of tortoise—the most recently discovered in 1998—two Parrot Beaked specimens that have remained undetected until now. The leopard or mountain tortoises might have suspected the past terror; perhaps they had no intention of being a part of a future infamy, but they often attempted the swim back to the mainland (they are the only species in the world that can swim). Boats would lift them out of the sea in Table Bay and return them to us. None of the original 12 shipped over remain, and in 1995, four more were introduced—they seem to have more easily accepted their home as they are still residents. One resident brought across a large leopard tortoise discovered in a friend's garden in Newlands, Cape Town. He lived in our garden and grew big enough to climb over the wall and roam the island much like the sheep in Van Riebeeck's time. As children we were able to ride his great frame comfortably, as did some grown men. The buck and ostriches seemed equally happy and the ducks and Egyptian Geese were assigned a home in the old quarry, which had, some three hundred years before, supplied the dressed stone for the foundations of the Castle; at the time of my residence it bristled with fish. Recent reports in Cape Town newspapers show that a lack of upkeep, a lack of culling, and the proliferation of rabbits on the island has led to the total devastation of the wildlife; there remains today almost none of the animals my father brought over all those years ago; the rabbits themselves have laid the island waste, stripping it of almost all ground vegetation. It looks almost like a desert. A reporter from the broadcasting corporation told me recently that they found the carcass of the last Bontebok.
There may be 25,000 rabbits on the island. Humans are hunting and culling the rabbits to reduce their number.[
25]
List of former prisoners held at Robben Island[edit]
* Autshumato, one of the first activists against colonialism
* Dennis Brutus, former activist and poet
* Patrick Chamusso, former activist of the African National Congress
* Laloo Chiba, former accused at Little Rivonia Trial
* Eddie Daniels (political activist)
* Jerry Ekandjo, Namibian politician
* Nceba Faku, former Metro Mayor of Port Elizabeth
* Petrus Iilonga, Namibian trade unionist, activist and politician
* Ahmed Kathrada, former Rivonia Trialist and long-serving prisoner
* Koesaaij, Malagasy co-leader of the Meermin slave mutiny in February, 1766
* Langalibalele, The King of the Hlubi people, one of the first activists against colonialism[citation needed]
* John Kenneth Malatji, former activist and special forces of ANC - Tladi, Soweto
* Njongonkulu Ndungane,[26] later to become Archbishop of Cape Town
* Mosiuoa Lekota, imprisoned in 1974, President and Leader of the Congress of the People
* Mac Maharaj, former accused at Little Rivonia Trial
* Makana, one of the activists against colonialism
* Nelson Mandela, African National Congress leader and former President of South Africa (first black president)
* Gamzo Mandierd, activist
* Jeff Masemola, the first prisoner sentenced to life imprisonment in the apartheid era
* Amos Masondo, former Mayor of Johannesburg
* Massavana, Malagasy leader of the Meermin slave mutiny in February, 1766
* Michael Matsobane, leader of Young African Religious Movement. Sentenced at Bethal in 1979; released by PW Botha in 1987.
* Chief Maqoma, former chief who died on the island in 1873
* Govan Mbeki, father of former President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki. Govan was sentenced to life in 1963 but was released from Robben Island in 1987 by PW Botha
* Wilton Mkwayi, former accused at Little Rivonia Trial
* Murphy Morobe, Soweto Uprising student leader
* Dikgang Moseneke, Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa
* Sayed Adurohman Moturu, the Muslim Iman who was exiled on the island and died there in 1754
* Griffiths Mxenge, a South African Lawyer and member of the African National Congress
* Billy Nair, former Rivonia Trialist and ANC/SACP leader
* M. D. Naidoo, a South African lawyer and member of the African National Congress
* John ya Otto Nankudhu, Namibian liberation fighter[27]
* John Nkosi Serving life but released by PW Botha in 1987
* Samuel Sisulu Founder of South African Freedom Organisation
* Nongqawuse, the Xhosa prophetess responsible for the Cattle Killing
* Maqana Nxele, former Xhosa prophet who drowned while trying to escape
* John Nyathi Pokela, co-founder and former chairman of the PAC
* Joe Seremane, former chairperson of the Democratic Alliance.
* Tokyo Sexwale, businessman and aspirant leader of the African National Congress
* Gaus Shikomba, Namibian politician
* Walter Sisulu, former ANC Activist
* Stone Sizani, ANC Chief Whip
* Robert Sobukwe, former leader of the PAC
* Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Namibian politician
* Sakaria Nashandi, Namibian politicia
* Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa and leader of the African National Congress
* Achmad Cassiem
* Setsiba Paul Mohohlo, former APLA unit commander
* Micheal Ludumo Buka, former ANC Activist
* Kgalema Motlanthe, South Africa's first Pedi president
* John Aifheli Thabo, an ANC political activist[citation needed]
* Ezra Mvuyisi Sigwela, an ANC political activist
* Xolani Casper Jonas, an ANC political activist
* Kwezi Nontsikelo, ANC political activist, Advisor to the Minister of Defence
Reference: APAAME_20160918_DLK-0165.jpg
Photographer: David Leslie Kennedy
Credit: Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East
Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommerical-No Derivative Works
The department has been building up a library of design related reference books over the last few years. Pupils are encouraged to make use of these books on a regular basis. The photographs here demonstrate the tremendous wealth of content contained therein.
The sequence has been shot in such a way that the cover of the book is shown first and a few sample pages are included to give the student an idea of the content the book contains. Pupils may then approach staff and request a short term loan.
Persistent URL: floridamemory.com/items/show/32402
Local call number: RC09624
Title: John F. Kennedy shaking hands in Miami, Florida
Date: November 18, 1963
Physical descrip: 1 photoprint - b&w - 8 x 10 in.
Series Title: Reference Collection
Repository: State Library and Archives of Florida
500 S. Bronough St., Tallahassee, FL, 32399-0250 USA, Contact: 850.245.6700, Archives@dos.myflorida.com
Ce personnage est surnommé Scorpion en référence au tatouage symbolisant le diable qu’il porte sur l’épaule. Apposé peu après sa naissance, ce tatouage indique qu’il est le fruit de l’union interdite entre une femme accusée de sorcellerie et un homme d’église. Sa mère a ainsi été brûlée vive peu après sa naissance. Adulte, Scorpion est devenu un trafiquant de reliques parcourant les catacombes de Rome vers 1750. Cette série ésotérique dessinée par le dessinateur de nationalité italienne né en Suisse Enrico Marini et écrite par le scénariste bruxellois Stephen Desberg est apparue en 2000.
This character is nicknamed Scorpion in reference to the tattoo symbolizing the devil that he has on his shoulder. Applied shortly after his birth, this tattoo indicates that he is the fruit of the forbidden union between a woman accused of witchcraft and a man of the church. His mother was burned alive shortly after his birth. As an adult, Scorpion became a relic trafficker roaming the catacombs of Rome around 1750. This esoteric series, drawn by the Swiss-born Italian cartoonist Enrico Marini and written by the Brussels-based screenwriter Stephen Desberg, appeared in 2000.
Archives Reference: ABIN W3337 Box 206
Front cover of a publication produced by the New Zealand Railways publicity and advertising branch in 1928.
Front cover artist is Marcus King.
Parc del Port Olímpic
Situat al davant del Port Olímpic, aquest espai verd avança cap al mar en una gran corba que ofereix àmplies perspectives del passeig marítim. La plaça dels Voluntaris, els pals on van onejar les banderes dels països que van participar en els Jocs Olímpics Barcelona'92 i una escultura de Cobi, la mascota dels jocs, recorden en diferents punts del parc aquest gran esdeveniment esportiu.
Aquest parc constitueix la part central de la continuïtat verda que, des del carrer del Doctor Aiguader, s'estén per sobre de la Ronda del Litoral fins al Parc de la Nova Icària. Seguint l'eix lineal que s'inicia en el Parc de les Cascades -el primer d'aquest llarg tram enjardinat-, la porta d'entrada al Parc del Port Olímpic és un gran passeig de saulò amb una doble filera de pals on van onejar les banderes olímpiques.
En un dels costats del passeig, una gran pèrgola esdevé zona de descans amb bancs, jocs infantils i testos de terracota on llueixen plantes molt ornamentals. A l'altre costat, mirant cap al mar, s'inicia un ampli parterre ple d'arbres, arbustos i palmeres que, a mesura que avança, es va eixamplant generosament per donar pas a un gran espai semicircular amb camins, placetes, àmplies extensions de gespa i un llarguíssim i sinuós banc fet amb trencadís.
Vegetació
Entre els arbres que hi ha en aquest parc destaca, per la seva bellesa, un grup de garrofers (Ceratonia siliqua) procedents dels camps de Tarragona. Al Parc del Port Olímpic també hi ha importants exemplars de pi blanc (Pinus halepensis) i de pi pinyer (Pinus pinea), de bellaombra (Phytolacca dioica) i de tipuana (Tipuana tipu). El plàtan (Platanus X hispanica) és present tant als parterres amples i allargassats del començament del parc com a les grans superfícies de gespa que van apareixent a mesura que l'espai es va eixamplant.
Quant a les palmeres, al costat de les datileres i les de Canàries (Phoenix dactylifera i Phoenix canariensis) sobresurten els grans grups de margallons (Chamerops humilis). Els arbustos estan representats, sobretot, pel pitòspor (Pittosporum tobira), l'abèlia (Abelia floribunda), el baladre (Nerium oleander) i extensions molt ornamentals de Juniperus sp.
Art i arquitectura
A l'inici de les fileres de pals de bandera hi ha Marc, una escultura plena de color que l'autor, el pintor Robert Llimós, va dedicar a la memòria del seu fill Marc, mort en accident de cotxe. Cap al mig del parc, al centre d'un petit estany quadrat, hi ha una figura feta amb bronze de Cobi, la mascota dels Jocs Olímpics Barcelona'92 creada per Xavier Mariscal.
Història
El Parc del Port Olímpic és, juntament amb el de les Cascades, el de la Nova Icària, el del Poblenou i el de Carles I, un dels cinc grans espais verds que es van construir als antics terrenys industrials del Poblenou a principis de la dècada de 1990.
Barcelona va recuperar aquests terrenys i en va dedicar una part a la creació de nous espais verds públics: els anomenats Parcs del Litoral. Aquesta actuació va formar part de la important renovació urbanística que es va realitzar a la façana litoral de la ciutat amb motiu dels Jocs Olímpics de 1992.
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Situated in front of the Port Olímpic, this green area advances towards the sea in a large curve and offers ample views of the sea front. Plaça dels Voluntaris, the flag poles holding the flags of the countries that took part in the Olympic Games in 1992 and a sculpture of Cobi, the mascot of the games remind us of this great sports event in various areas of this park.
This park constitutes the central part of the green belt that, from Carrer del Doctor Aiguader, stretches above Ronda del Litoral to Parc de la Nova Icària. Following the lineal axis which begins in Parc de les Cascades -the first in this long green area- the entrance to Parc del Port Olímpic is a long restful walk with a double line of flag poles where the Olympic flags hung.
On one side of the walk, a large pergola becomes a rest area with benches, children's play areas and terracotta plant pots holding wonderful ornamental plants. On the other side, looking towards the sea, a wide parterre full of trees, shrubs and palm trees begins and which, as it advances, widens generously to give way to a large semicircular area with pathways, small squares, large areas of lawn and a long winding bench made with pieces of porcelain.
Vegetation
Among the trees in the park a group of carob trees from Tarragona (Ceratonia siliqua) stand out for their beauty. At Parc del Port Olímpic there are also important examples of the white pine (Pinus halepensis) and the stone pine (Pinus pinea), the Ombu (Phytolacca dioica) and the rosewood (Tipuana tipu). The plane tree (Platanus X hispanica), is present both in the long wide parterres at the beginning of the park, as well as in the large areas of lawn which start to appear as the area widens.
With reference to the palm trees, next to the date palm and the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix dactylifera and Phoenix canariensis) large groups of Mediterranean fan palm (Chamerops humilis) grow. There are also many shrubs, such as pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira), abelia (Abelia floribunda), oleander (Nerium oleander) and large areas with the ornamental Juniper tree Juniperus sp.
Art and architecture
At the beginning of the lines of flag poles there is Marc, a sculpture full of colour that the artist, Robert Llimós, dedicated to the memory of his son Marc, who died in a car accident. Towards the centre of the park, in the middle of a small square lake, there is a bronze figure of Cobi, the mascot of the 1992 Olympic Games, created by Xavier Mariscal.
History
Parc del Port Olímpic is, together with Parc de les Cascades, Parc de la Nova Icària, Parc del Poblenou and Parc de Carles I, one of the five large green areas which were built on the old industrial land of Poblenou at the beginning of the 1990s.
Barcelona recovered this land and dedicated part of it to the creation of new green public areas: the Parcs del Litoral. This project formed part of the important urban renovation which was carried out to the coastline of the city in preparation for the Olympic Games of 1992.
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Situado delante del puerto Olímpico, este espacio verde avanza hacia el mar en una gran curva que ofrece amplías perspectivas del paseo marítimo. La plaza de Els Voluntaris, las astas donde ondearon las banderas de los países que participaron en los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona'92 y una escultura de Cobi, la mascota de los juegos, recuerdan en diferentes puntos del parque este gran acontecimiento deportivo.
Este parque constituye la parte central de la continuidad verde que, desde la calle del Doctor Aiguader, se extiende por encima de la Ronda del Litoral hasta el parque de la Nova Icària. Siguiendo el eje lineal que se inicia en el parque de Les Cascades -el primero de este largo tramo ajardinado-, la puerta de entrada al parque del Port Olímpic es un gran paseo de sablón con una doble hilera de astas donde ondearon las banderas olímpicas.
A uno de los lados del paseo, una gran pérgola se convierte en una zona de descanso con bancos, juegos infantiles y macetas de terracota donde lucen plantas muy ornamentales. Al otro lado, mirando hacia el mar, empieza un amplio parterre lleno de árboles, arbustos y palmeras que, a medida que avanza, se va ensanchando generosamente para dar paso a un gran espacio semicircular con caminos, plazoletas, amplias extensiones de césped y un larguísimo y sinuoso banco de trencadís.
Vegetación
Entre los árboles que hay en este parque destaca, por su belleza, un grupo de algarrobos (Ceratonia siliqua) procedentes de los campos de Tarragona. En el parque del Port Olímpic también hay importantes ejemplares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) y pino piñonero (Pinus pinea), de ombú (Phytolacca dioica) y de tipuana (Tipuana tipu). El plátano (Platanus X hispanica) está presente tanto en los parterres anchos y alargados del comienzo del parque como en las grandes superficies de césped que van apareciendo a medida que el espacio se va ensanchando.
En cuanto a las palmeras, junto a las datileras y las canarias (Phoenix dactylifera y Phoenix canariensis) destacan los grandes grupos de palmitos (Chamerops humilis). Los arbustos están representados, sobre todo, por el pitósporo (Pittosporum tobira), la abelia (Abelia floribunda), la adelfa (Nerium oleander) y extensiones muy ornamentales de Juniperus sp.
Arte y arquitectura
Al principio de las filas de astas de bandera hay Marc, una escultura llena de color que el autor, el pintor Robert Llimós, dedicó a la memoria de su hijo Marc, muerto en accidente de coche. Entrando en el parque, en el centro de un pequeño estanque cuadrado, hay una figura de bronce de Cobi, la mascota de los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona'92 creada por Xavier Mariscal.
Historia
El parque del Port Olímpic es, junto con el de Les Cascades, el de la Nova Icària, el de Poblenou y el de Carles I, uno de los cinco grandes espacios verdes que se construyeron en los antiguos terrenos industriales de Poblenou a principios de la década de 1990.
Barcelona recuperó estos terrenos y dedicó una parte de ellos a la creación de nuevos espacios verdes públicos: los llamados Parques del Litoral. Esta actuación formó parte de la importante renovación urbanística que se realizó en la fachada litoral de la ciudad con motivo de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992.
This girl is a recast hybrid.
Her lower torso and legs belong to a recast leekeworld art body.
- From Steven / Luo, Normal Pink.
The head, upper torso, arms/wrists/hands, as well as ankles and feet belong to a recast minifee.
- From Steven / Luo. Normal Yellow
For more information, please see my website (located in my flickr profile).
The department has been building up a library of design related reference books over the last few years. Pupils are encouraged to make use of these books on a regular basis. The photographs here demonstrate the tremendous wealth of content contained therein.
The sequence has been shot in such a way that the cover of the book is shown first and a few sample pages are included to give the student an idea of the content the book contains. Pupils may then approach staff and request a short term loan.
This is the third tome I have visited St Vncent: first time I found it locked, or more likely did not push the door hard enough, second time I did go inside but only took a handful of shots. So this time, it means a lot of snapping.
Both this and Wingham were among the first churches I visited in this project, and with years of accumulated knowledge a return is always good to see what you missed the first, and second time.
As it turned out, I could not find the church. It is signposted off the main road, then nothing. We were two miles in the country before I found a place to turn round, but a check of the county map and we turned back to the village and found it on Church lane, of course.
Littlebourne is another village and church on the banks of the Nailbourne, a winterbourne, that flows through here to Bridge, eventually to Barham. Downstream it turns quickly into the Little Stour which in turn flows into the Great Stour at Plucks Gutter.
The view from the south is limited due to mature trees, but from the north reveals several periods of buildings with rooflines at different angles and heights.
A simple church inside, with a wall painting of St Christopher clearly visible on the north wall as you walk in through the porch. Some fine glass too, but there is also signs of damp too.
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The villages 13th century church, St Vincent of Saragossa, is thought to have been founded by the monks of St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury and contains an ancient wall painting depicting Saint Christopher, patron saint of travellers. The church also has what is reckoned to be one of the finest collection of stained glass windows designed by Nathaniel Westlake in the country. Nathaniel Westlake was a leading designer of the Gothic Revival movement in England.
Work done in 1995 by experts from the V&A Museum established that he designed each of the windows over the long period of his work with the Company, thus giving an outstanding example of the development of his style.
The Church has a six-bell peal, the oldest bell dating back to 1597, the newest 1899.
www.littlebournebenefice.org.uk/littlebournechurchhistory...
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LOCATION: Situated at about 40 feet above O.D. on Head brickearth (over Upper Chalk). A little to the west of the river Little Stour. Littlebourne Court, originally belonging to St. Augustine’s Abbey, lies immediately to the north-west. Wickhambreaux and Ickham churches are not far away to the north and east.
DESCRIPTION: As with many North-East Kent churches, this church points south-east, and it is first documented in Domesday Book, with the eastern three-quarters of the nave of the present church presumably being, in part, of an early Norman date. The only visible evidence for the earliest structure, however, is outside the south-west corner of the nave. Here one can see reused Roman bricks, and the original steep slope of the very early 13th century south aisle (continuing the line of the nave roof). The nave must be earlier than this, so is at least 12th century in date. It is also worth noting the very rare dedication, to St Vincent.
The whole of the south arcade for the south aisle still survives in its very early 13th century form, with four pointed arches (that on the west is smaller). The arches have continuous flat
the piers themselves. All the dressings are in Caen stone.
Later in the 13th century a large new chancel was built, probably at about the time (c. 1245) when St Augustine’s Abbey were endowing the new vicarage there, after the appropriation. The chancel has four tall lancets on either side, and an eastern triplet which has internal shafting on the jambs, and deeply moulded rere-arches and hood-moulds. All the other lancets have plain rere-arches, and all the chancel windows sit internally on a filleted roll-moulding which steps up at the east end and runs under the triplet. There is a piscina on the south-east with a pointed arch (with hood) over it, and bar-stopped chamfers on the sides. On the north-west side of the chancel is a small doorway, which was restored in the 19th century. The chancel was fairly heavily restored on the outside in the 19th century (‘1865’ on one of the rain-water hoppers), but much of its original coursed whole flints are still visible, as well as some of the rows of putlog holes. The chancel also has a separate roof, with a west gable, but this was rebuilt completely in c. 1865.
At about the same time as the chancel was being rebuilt in the early to mid-15th century, a very plain tower was added at the west end (It is similar to the neighbouring tower at Ickham). This has a tall simple pointed arch (with flat chamfers and abaci) into the nave, and on the west is a simple pointed doorway with flat chamfers and a tall lancet above it. The tower is unbuttressed, and has four more wide restored lancets (one in each face) in the top (belfry) stage. Externally the tower has the remains of its original plastering over coursed flint with side-alternate Caenstone quoins. On top of the tower is a later medieval (14th/15th century) brooch spire (now covered in slates).
The tower was restored in 1899, and the bells were rehung in a new timber and cast iron frame. There are now six bells, dated 1597,1610, 1650 and three of 1899 (said to have been recast from two late medieval ones). Glynne tells us that there was an organ in a west gallery under the tower, but this was removed during the restoration. A shed (now 2 cloakrooms) was also added to the north side of the tower in c. 1899.
A small Lady Chapel may have been added to the north-east side of the nave in the later 13th century as shown by its two light trefoil-headed (with circular opening above) east window (it has an internal rere-arch). All other evidence for this above ground was removed by the early 14th and early 19th century re-buildings (see below). The Lady Chapel is first documented in the late 15th century, but most churches acquired a separate Lady Chapel in N.W. Kent in the 13th century.
In the early 14th century both the south and north aisles had their outer walls rebuilt. On the south this was a continuous heightening and rebuild for the full length of the nave (with the evidence for the earlier lean-to aisle surviving in the west wall, as shown above). There is however still a later 13th century lancet in the centre of the south wall, with a probable later 13th century south doorway next to it (though completely rebuilt externally in the 19th century). The other aisle windows are all, however, 2 - light early 14th century traceried windows, and the gables and separate pitched roof over the aisle is also perhaps 14th century (it is still hidden under a flat plaster ceiling). In the south aisle wall are some reused Reigate stone fragments, and the large later south buttress has Ragstone quoins and reused Reigate And Caenstone fragments (and heavy 19th century knapped flintwork). Some Purbeck marble is reused in the wall west of the south porch. This aisle also has a small square-topped piscina in its south-east corner, and a very small stoup just inside the door on the east.
Hasted tells us that ‘a few years ago the north isle fell down, when there were some curious paintings discovered by the breaking of the plaster from the walls. This aisle was immediately rebuilt’. It is however, clear from the present remains (and from the Petrie water-colour view), that the church was again rebuilt in the early 19th century, with the present flatish 4-bay crown/king post nave roof and lath and plaster ceiling. The two dormers on the south side of the nave roof are presumably of the same date as is the shallow-pitched shed-roof over the north aisle, and the wooden post and two semi-circular arches into the north aisle. On the north-west side of the nave one can see an infilled pointed arch (? of chalk) with abaci, suggesting that there was originally a 13th century 3-bay north aisle (and Lady Chapel). The scar for the south-west corner of this aisle which did not continue to the west end of the nave, is just visible, and the late 18th century collapse was clearly at the west end of this aisle, which was not rebuilt (the other aisle-wall window being reset in the nave wall). The north wall of the north aisle must have been rebuilt in the early 14th century with buttresses and new two-light traceried windows. There may have been a north door here.
Only the chancel was heavily restored in the later 19th century (1865) with a new south porch in 1896, replacing a brick one, according to Glynne. A porch is documented from at least 1505.
BUILDING MATERIALS: (Incl. old plaster, paintings, glass, tiles etc.):
The main local material is flint, and whole flints, in courses, are used for all the early work with dressings of Caenstone. Some Reigate stone is then used in the 13th century, with Kent Rag for the quoins in the early 14th century. There is also some reused Purbeck marble in the walls, and Bathstone is used for the late 19th century restorations. Hasted mentions ‘the remains of good painted glass’ in the chancel side lancets and ‘seven sacraments, etc. handsomely done, with rich borders’ in the eastern lancets, ‘but they have been some few years since removed’ (op. cit. below, p.155). Also he mentions armorial glass in the S.E. window of the south aisle, and other now-vanished glass is known from the church - see C.R. Councer (below).
EXCEPTIONAL MONUMENTS IN CHURCH: None, but remains of medieval wall-painting on the north side of the nave, at the west end. Also a leger slab, with a small brass inscription in it, dated 1585, in front of the chancel arch. Also some early 19th century Benefaction boards on the west wall of the south aisle. Most of the furnishings in the church date from the restoration of 1864-4, or later.
CHURCHYARD AND ENVIRONS:
Size & Shape: Large north-south rectangular area around church, with large extensions to north (20th century) and south (19th century).
Condition: Good
Building in churchyard or on boundary: Lych Gate of timber (1892) to the south. Very large c. early 14th century great barn of Littlebourne Court (172ft long) runs along west boundary of the churchyard.
Ecological potential: ? Yes. The burial under a ‘great palm’ (ie. Yew Tree) in the churchyard is mentioned in a will of 1542, and there are still some quite large Yews north of the church.
Late med. Status: Vicarage endowed in 1245 with a house, some tithes, etc. A chaplain had to be found to celebrate weekly in Garrington Chapel.
Patron: St. Augstine’s Abbey, Canterbury (and alienated to the Italian monastery of Monte Mirteto in Italy, 1224). In 1538 it went to the crown, and then on to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury in 1541.
Other documentary sources: Hasted IX (1800) , 155-8. There is much documentation in Thorne’s Chronicle and the ‘Black Book’ of St Augustine’s. Testamenta Cantiana (E. Kent, 1907), 196-8 mentions burial in the churchyard from 1473, the church porch (1501), various ‘lights’, the altar of Our Lady (1499+), reparation of the altars of St James and St Nicholas (1473), for paving between the chancel and the west door (1419).
SURVIVAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS:
Inside present church: ? Good.
Outside present church: ? Good, though there is a large soil build-up around the church, and a brick-lined drainage gulley (up to 2ft deep) has been made all around the church.
RECENT DISTURBANCES/ALTERATIONS:
To structure: None, but chancel stalls brought from St Johns, Herne Bay in 1974, and organ in north aisle from Holy Cross, Canterbury in 1972.
To floors: Brick floor relaid at east end of S. aisle - Oct 1991.
Quinquennial inspection (date/architect): Feb. 1990 Maureen O’Connor.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT:
A Norman nave was given a lean-to south aisle and perhaps extended to the west in the very early 13th century, with a plain west tower being added soon after. The chancel was rebuilt (and greatly enlarged) in the mid 13th century, and there was probably also a Lady Chapel and nave north aisle by the later 13th century. The outer walls of the aisles were rebuilt in the early 14th century. A timber spire was also built. In the late 18th century the west end of the north aisle collapsed and this was rebuilt along with the nave roof, etc. again in the early 19th century. Chancel restored in 1865, and west tower in 1899 (with rehung bells). A new south porch was built in 1896.
The wider context: One of a group of churches belonging to St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury with major rebuildings in the 13th and early 14th centuries.
REFERENCES: S.R. Glynne, Notes of the Churches of Kent (1877), 167-8. (He visited in 1851). C.R. Councer, Lost Glass from Kent Churches ) (1980), 77-8.
Guide Book: None available in church, but see St Vincent’s Church, Littlebourne by Elizabeth Jeffries (1984) - very poor for architectural history.
Plans & drawings: Petrie early 19th cent. view from N.E., with continuous roof slope over nave and N. aisle.
DATES VISITED: 19th December 1996 REPORT BY: Tim Tatton-Brown
www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/01/03/LIT.htm
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LITTLEBORNE
LIES the next parish south-eastward from Stodmarsh, taking its name from its situation close to the stream which bounds the eastern part of it, and at the same time to distinguish it from the other parishes of the name of Borne in the near neighbourhood of it.
There is but one borough in this parish, called the borough of Littleborne.
Littleborne extends to the skirt of the beautiful and healthy parts of East Kent, and verging farther from the large levels of marsh land which lie near the Stour, quits that gloomy aspect of ill health so prevalent near them, and here begins to assume one more cheerful, pleasant and healthy; and Twyne tells us, (fn. 1) that it was allotted by the abbot and convent of St. Augustine's, who possessed the manor, for the plantation of vines. The village is built on the high road leading from Canterbury to Sandwich and Deal, at the eastern boundary of the parish, adjoinining to the Little Stour, and consists of about forty houses. The church stands at a small distance from it, having the courtlodge close to it, with the parsonage at a small distance. This parish extends northward as far as the Stour, opposite to Westbere, in which part of it however, there is but a small quantity of marsh-land, near which is an estate called Higham, which antiently was owned by a family of that name. Above the hill, south-eastward from hence, there is a great deal of woodland, and among it a tract of heathy rough land, belonging to the archbishop, called Fishpool-downs, through which the road leads to Wickham. At the bottom of Fishpool hill is the valley called the Ponds, now entirely covered with wood, part of which is in this parish. The ponds were supplied from a spring called Arrianes well, probably for Adrian's well, and were of a considerable size and depth, made for the supply of the convent of St. Augustine, the owners of them, with fish for their refectory, the sides of them now equally thick with coppice wood, were antiently a vineyard. These woods continue from hence adjoining the high road towards the village in great quantities, much of which belongs to the archbishop, and are intermixed with a great deal of rough bushy ground. The lands in this parish are in general very poor and gravelly, but towards Wickham they are much more fertile both for corn and hops, of which there are several plantations. This parish extends across the river eastward towards the hill, and takes in great part of Lower Garwinton, and part of the house, and some little land of Upper Garwinton within it, which is entirely separated from the rest of it by the parish of Adisham intervening.
Polygonatum scalacæci, Solomon's seal; grows plentifully on Fishpool-hill in this parish.
A fair is held here on the 5th of July, for toys and pedlary.
In the year 690, Widred, king of Kent, gave to the monastery of St. Augustine, in pure and perpetual alms, five plough-lands called Litleborne, on condition of their remembring of him in their prayers and solemn masses. And in the year 1047, king Edward the Consessor gave another plough-land here, which consisted of the estates of Bourne, Dene, and Wiliyington, to archbishop Eadsin, free from all service, except. the trinoda necessitas, and he bestowed it on that monastery. After which the manor of Little borne continued in the possession of the abbey to the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in which it is thus entered under the general title of the land of the church of St. Augustine:
In Dunamesfort hundred, the abbot himself holds, Liteburne, which is taxed at seven sulings. The arable land is twelve carucates. In demesne there are three carucates, and thirty-five villeins, with fourteen cottagers having six and an half. There is a church, and thirtyeight acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of four hogs. In the time of king Edward the Consessor it was worth twenty-five pounds, afterwards twenty pounds, now thirty-two pounds. Of this manor the bishop of Baieux has in his park, as much as is worth sixty shillings.
After this the abbot and convent's possessions here were increased by several gifts and purchases of different parcels of land. (fn. 2)
King Henry III. in his 54th year, granted to the abbot and convent free-warren in all their demesne lands of Littleborne, among others. In the 7th year of king Edward II.'s reign, anno 1313, in the iter of H. de Stanton and his sociates, justices itinerant, the abbot, upon a quo warranto, claimed and was allowed in this manor among others, free warren in all his demesne lands of it, and view of frank-pledge, and other liberties therein-mentioned, in like manner as has been already mentioned before, in the description of the manors of Sturry and Stodmarsh. (fn. 3) By a register of the monastery of about this time, it appears, that this manor had then in demesne the park of Trendesle. In the 10th year of king Edward III. Solomon de Ripple being custos, or bailiff of this manor, made many improvements here, and purchased more lands in it, all the buildings of it being in a manner wholly re-built and raised from the ground, with much cost, by him. In king Richard II.'s reign, the abbot's manor of Littleborne was valued at 23l. 8s. 6d. the admeasurement of the lands being 505 acres. After which this manor continued with the monastery till its dissolution, anno 30 Henry VIII. when it came into the king's hands, and remained in the crown till king Edward VI. in his 1st year, granted the manor and manor-house, with all lands and appurtenances, and a water-mill lately belonging to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, to the archbishop, among other premises, in exchange for the manor of Mayfield, &c. parcel of the possessions of whose see it still remains, the archbishop being the present owner of it. The manor, with the profits of courts, royalties, &c. the archbishop keeps in his own hands; but the demesnes have been from time to time demised on a beneficial lease. The family of Denne have been for more than a century lessees of it, who now reside in the court-lodge.
On the abolition of episcopacy, after the death of king Charles I. this manor was sold by the state to Sir John Roberts and John Cogan, the latter of whom, by his will in 1657, gave his moiety of it to the mayor and aldermen of Canterbury, for the benefit of six poor ministers widows (for whose use he had at the same time demised his dwelling-house in Canterbury, now called Cogan's hospital. But the manor of Littleborne, on the restoration in 1660, returned again to the see of Canterbury.
The manor of Wolton, alias Walton, lies in the southern part of this parish, adjoining to the precinct of Well, and was antiently possessed by a family who took their name from it, one of whom, John, son of John de Wolton, held it at the latter end of king Henry III.'s reign. But this family became extinct here before the reign of king Edward III. in the 20th year of which, Roger de Garwinton held it by knight's service, (fn. 4) in whose descendants it continued till it passed into the family of Petit, of Shalmsford, who held it of the abbot of St. Augustine's by the like service, in which name and family it continued till it was at length alienated to Sir Henry Palmer, of Bekesborne, whose descendant of the same name passed it away by sale to Sir Robert Hales, of Bekesborne, in whose descendants it continued down to Sir Philip Hales, bart. of Howlets, who in 1787 alienated this manor to Isaac Baugh, esq. of Well, the present owner of it.
Wingate, alias Lower Garwington, in a manor, which lies on the other or eastern side of the river, adjoining to Ickham, taking the former of those names from a family, who were owners of it in Henry III.'s reign, and held it by knight's service of the abbot and convent of St. Augustine. In which reign Simon de Wingate held it as above-mentioned, but before the 20th year of King Edward III. this name was extinct here, and Thomas de Garwinton then held this estate, lying in Wingate, held of the abbot by the like tenure. (fn. 5) In the descendants of Thomas de Garwington, who resided at their mansion and manor, since called Upper Garwinton, adjoining to it, seems to have continued some time, and from them, as well as to distinguish it from that, to have taken the name of Wingate, alias Lower Garwinton. After this family had quitted the possession of it, the Clyffords appear from different records to have become owners of it, and after them the Sandfords, and it appears by the escheat rolls, that Humphrey Sandford died possessed of it in the 14th year of king Henry VII. and that Thomas Sandford was his son and heir. After which it came into the hands of the crown, for king Henry VIII. in his 30th year, granted the manors of Wingate and Garwinton to Sir Christopher Hales, then master of the rolls. He left three daughters his coheirs, who became jointly, entitled to it, and on the division of their estates it was allotted to the youngest daughter Mary, who entitled her husband Alexander Colepeper, esq. to it, in which name it continued till the 22d of queen Elizabeth, when it was passed away by sale to Thomas Fane, esq. whose son Francis, earl of Westmoreland, sold it to William Prude, alias Proude, esq. who being a lieutenant-colonel in the army, was slain at the siege of Maestricht in 1632, having devised this estate in tail male to his eldest surviving son Serles Prude, who died in 1642, leaving only two daughters his coheirs, upon which it came to his next brother William, who left an only daughter Dorothy, and she, the entail being barred, carried it first in marriage to Nethersole, by whom she had no issue, and secondly to Christopher May, esq. of Rawmere, in Suffex, whose only daughter and heir Anne, entitled her husband William Broadnax, esq. of Godmersham, to the possession of it. His son Thomas Changed his name, first to May and then to Knight, and died possessed of this manor in 1781, leaving an only son Thomas Knight, esq. of Godmersham, who in the year 1785 exchanged it for other lands in Crundal with Thomas Barret, esq. of Lee, the present owner of it.
Upper Garwinton is a manor, which lies adjoining to that last-described, southward, at the boundary of this parish, next to Adisham, in which parish part of the mansion of it stands, being written in the survery of Domesday, Warwintone, one of the many instances in that book of the mistakes of the Norman scribes. It was, after the conquest, parcel of those possessions with which the Conqueror enriched his half-brother Odo, the great bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, and was exchanged by him for other lands with the abbot of St. Augustine's, accordingly it is thus entered in that record, under the general title of the land of the church of St. Augustine:
The abbot himself holds Warwintone, and the bishop of Baieux gave it to him in exchange of his park. It was taxed at half a suling and forty-two acres of land. The arable land is one carucate, and there is in demesne, with three cottagers, and sixteen acres of meadow. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth four pounds, and afterwards forty shillings, now four pounds. This manor Edric de Sbern Biga held, and now Radulf holds it of the abbot.
Whether this description extended to the last-described manor of Wingate, is uncertain, though most probably, as both were held of the abbot by knight's service, it was comprehended in it. However that may be, this manor of Garwintone, called as above, erroneously, in Domesday, Warwintone, was held of the abbot by a family who took their surname from it; one of whom, Richard de Garwynton, resided here at the latter end of king Henry II.'s reign, and had a chapel at his mansion here; and in 1194, the abbot granted to him and his heirs, to have the divine office celebrated for three days in a week in this chapel by the priest of Littleborne. (fn. 6) His descendant Thomas Garwinton was possessed of this manor and several other estates in this part of the county, in the 20th year of king Edward III. whose great-grandson William Garwynton dying S. P. Joane his kinswoman, married to Richard Haut, was anno II Henry IV. found to be his heir not only to this manor, but to much other lands in these parts, and their son Richard Haut having an only daughter and heir Margery, she carried this manor in marriage to William Isaac, esq. of Patrixborne, whose descendant Edward Isaac, at his death, gave this manor to his two daughter by his second wife, viz. Mary, married to Thomas Appleton, esq. of Suffolk, and Margaret, to John Jermye, second son of Sir John Jermye, of the same county, and they seem to have shared this manor between them. Thomas Appleton sold his share afterwards to Anthony Parker, who with Isaac Jermye, eldest son of John above-mentioned, joined in the sale of the entire see of it to Sir Henry Palmer, of Howlets, and he by his will in 1611, devised it to his nephew John Goodwyn, whose heirs some time afterwards passed it away by sale to George Curteis, esq. afterwards knighted, and of Otterden, and he alienated it to Sir Robert Hales, of Bekesborne, in whose descendants it continued down to Sir Philip Hales, bart. of Howlets, who in 1787, passed it away by sale to Isaac Baugh, esq. the present owner of it.
Charities.
John Dorrante, of Bekesborne, yeoman, in 1560, gave by will, to discharge the poor from the assessments of the church, the overplus to be paid to the most antient poor of the parish, the sum of 3s, 6d. on Palm Sunday and the Monday before Penticost; and 21s. 6d. on Christmas-day yearly, out of the house and lands called Church-house, now vested in Mr. Peter Inge.
Henry Sloyden, of Wickhambreaux, in 1568, gave by will to the poor of this parish and of Wickham, six acres and a half of land, called Church-close, to be divided between them yearly, now of the annual produce of 3l. 9s. 9d.
Sir Henry Palmer, by his will in 1611, gave 10s. to be paid yearly out of his manor of Welle, for the use of the poor.
James Franklyn, by will in 1616, gave to the parishes of Littleborne, Chistlet, and Hoathe, in Reculver, 5l. each, to be employed in a stock for the poor. This 5l. is now increased to 11l. this interest of which being 8s. 93frac34;d. is distributed among the poor in general.
Valentine Norton, gent. by his will, was a benefactor to the poor; but there are no particulars further known of it.
The poor constantly relieved are about fifty, casually thirtyfive.
This parish is within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Bridge.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Vincent, consists of three isles and a chancel, having at the west end a low pointed steeple, in which hang five bells. The church is kept very neat. It is a good sized building, and is handsomely ceiled. The chancel is lostly, and has four narrow lancet windows on each side, and three at the end; in the former are the remains of good painted glass, and in the latter some years ago were the seven sacraments, &c. very handsomely done, with rich borders, but they have been some few years since removed. In it is a memorial for George I'anns, curate, obt. 1699. In the middle isle are several memorials for the family of Denne, for many descents lessees of the court-lodge, and descended from those of Dennehill, in Kingston, In the south-east window of the south isle is a saint holding a shield of arms, in front, Gules, three cocks, argent, being the arms of Bunington, on the lest side a moon, on the right a sun, all very well done; and there were formerly in one of the windows, the arms of Higham, argent, a lion passant regardant, between six cross-croslets fitchee, sable, impaling Gallaway, ermine, three lozenges, gules. A few years ago the north isle fell down, when there were some curious paintings discovered, by the breaking of the plaister from the walls. This isle was immediately rebuilt. In the church-yard, at the north-west part of it, are several tombs and head stones of the family of Denne before- mentioned.
¶The church of Littleborne was antiently appendant to the manor, part of the possessions of the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, and continued so till the year 1224, when Robert de Bello being chosen abbot, and finding much difficulty in obtaining the pope's benediction, to facilitate it, gave this church to the monastery of St. Mary de Monte Mirteto, in Italy, to which the pope, in 1241, appropriated it. Immediately after which, this parsonage, so appropriated, was demised to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, in perpetual ferme, at the clear yearly sum of thirty marcs. (fn. 7) Four years after which, anno 1245, archbishop Stratford endowed the vicarage of it, the advowson of which was reserved to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, when he decreed, that the vicarage should be endowed with a mansion, the tithes of filva cæ dua, of hay, and in three acres of arable, one acre of meadow, and in the receipt of three marcs and an half in money from the religious yearly, and in the tithes of flax, hemp, ducks, calves, pigeons, bees, milk, milkmeats, mills, wool, pigs, and in all oblations and other small tithes belonging to the church; and that the vicar should serve the church in divine rites, and find one chaplain to celebrate weekly in the chapel of Garwyntone, and to find bread, wine, and tapers, for celebrating divine rites in the church. Which endowment was afterwards, in 1370, certified by inspeximus, by archbishop Wittlesey. In which state this church and advowson remained till the final dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, in the 30th year of Henry VIII. when they came into the king's hands, and the king, in his 33d year, settled both, by his dotation-charter, on his new-erected dean and chapter of Canterbury, with whom they continue at this time. The parsonage has been from time to time let on a beneficial lease, Mr. Thomas Holness being the present lessee of it, but the advowson of the vicarage the dean and chapter retain in their own hands.
The vicarage of Littleborne is valued in the king's books at 7l. 19s. 10d. but the yearly tenths taken are sixteen shillings, the sum total being erroneonsly cast up in the king's books at eight pounds. The antient pension of 3l. 17s. 4d. from the abbey of St. Augustine's, is yearly received by the vicar out of the exchequer; the demesne lands of the court-lodge pay no greattithes, and the archbishop's woods in his own occupation pay none. In 1588 here were one hundred and fifty communicants; in 1640 the same, when it was valued at thirty-five pounds. It has been augmented by the dean and chapter with fifty pounds per annum.
The chapel of Lukedale, in the precinct of Well, was once esteemed as within the bounds of this parish, of which more may be seen herefter, under Ickham, to which parish Well is now annexed.
This is meant to be used as anatomy reference or use in art. Please see my profile for usage rules!
Name: Jack
Species: Virginia Opossum
Sex: Male
Location from: Ohio
Other: An adult male that dropped dead in my barn when I lived in a rural area in Ohio. He was found in the morning, already beginning to decay, likely died early in the night before. He has evidence of a severe infection in his lower left jaw, and a broken right top canine with sign of beginning infection in the bone of the root canal of the same tooth. His incisors are missing post mortem.
Species Info: Opossums are known for their playing-dead characteristic, which helps preserve them when faced with a threat. They have an unusually short lifespan of up to 2 years (4 in captivity) and are omnivorous, preferring fruit, grain, insects, worms, and small animals like birds and snakes.
Opossum are native to Central and East North America and most of Mexico. They are not native to West US, but a small percentage have been introduced. Opossums do not do well in cold environments and thus are not found in the majority of Canada or North-West states.
Description: Portrait of Fisher in a suit. Identification on verso (handwritten): Burr McIntosh Studio Harrison Fisher. Fisher, Harrison, 1875-1934
Creator/Photographer: Unidentified photographer
Medium: Black and white photographic print
Dimensions: 24 cm x 20 cm
Date: 1910
Persistent URL: www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/harrison-fisher-...
Repository: Archives of American Art
Collection: Charles Scribner's Sons Art Reference Department Records, c. 1865-1957
Accession number: aaa_charscrs_4261