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The Satanic Verses meets the Doppler Effect. Printed using stone lithography on both sides of the page.
An imagined experiment to use phosphorescent material to measure the accelerational blue/red-shift predicted by the Equivalence Principle.
See: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound%E2%80%93Rebka_experiment
The color differences in the diagram are exaggerated for clarity.
It is assumed (among other things) that the index of refraction of the glass can be neglected.
To make the emission as narrow as possible, the cylindrical annulus containing the ring of phosphorescent material would be cooled while the phosphor was being "charged" and during the experiment.
The Dabbers hold a press conference at The Weaver Stadium before the team coach sets off for the historic 1st Round FA Cup tie at Milton Keynes Dons.
Modeled in Maya and rendered with Redshift
CG Office environment with a industrial touch that I will use to showcase some open office furniture that will be modeled for visualization.
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The brightest high energy gamma emitting object in the sky.
Captured 22 Jun 2021, 23:20 hrs ET, Springfield, VA, USA. Bortle 8 skies, Mallincam DS10C camera, Celestron 8 inch SCT f/10, exposure 20 sec, gain 20, bin 2, stack of 9 light frames, dark and flat frames subtracted, no filter.
Clouds: partly cloudy
Seeing: ok
Transparency: ok
Moon phase: 91%
FOV: 16 x 20 arcmin
Resolution: 0.5 arcsec/pixel
Orientation: Up is East
From NED:
Cross-identifications: MRK 0501; UGC 10599; CGCG 225-007; CGCG 1652.2+3950; MCG +07-35-002
Distance: 473 million light years
Redshift: z=0.034
Type: QSO
Apparent magnitude: +8.3
Apparent size: 14 arcsec
Appearance: small dim galaxy
From Wikipedia:
Markarian 501 (or Mrk 501) is a galaxy with a spectrum extending to the highest energy gamma rays. It is a blazar or BL Lac object, which is an active galactic nucleus with a jet that is shooting towards the Earth.
In the very-high-energy gamma ray region of the spectrum, at energies above 1011 eV (0.1 TeV), it is the brightest object in the sky. The object has a redshift of z = 0.034.
The galaxy hosting the blazar was studied and catalogued by Benjamin Markarian in 1974. It was first determined to be a very high energy gamma ray emitter in 1996 by John Quinn at the Whipple Observatory.
The elliptical galaxy is located in the constellation of Hercules at right ascension 16h 53.9m and declination +39° 45'. Its visible size appears to be 1.2 by 1 minute of arc.
The gamma rays from Mrk 501 are extremely variable, undergoing violent outbursts. The gamma ray spectrum of Mrk 501 shows two humps. One is below 1 keV and can be considered to be X rays and the other is above 1 TeV. During flares and outbursts the peaks increase in power and frequency. Flares lasting 20 minutes with rise times of 1 minute have been measured by MAGIC. In these flares the higher energy gamma rays (of 1.2 Tev) were delayed 4 minutes over the 0.25 TeV gamma rays. This delay has led to various theories, including that space is bigger at small dimensions with a foamy quantum texture.[ The foam would create a variation in the speed of light for higher-energy light gamma-rays and the lower-energy radio waves and visible light. Such a variation would contradict Lorentz invariance, but could provide a clue for unification theory. Observations of Dr. Floyd Stecker of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center of Mrk 501 and Mrk 421 demonstrated that there is no violation of Lorentz invariance. The galaxy is also variable in visible light between magnitude 14.5 and 13.6.
During the discovery observations flashes at the average rate of one in seven minutes were observed. Cosmic rays (that is, fermionic or massive cosmic rays, as opposed to photons) were ruled out by the shape and size of the flashes which are small and elliptical for gamma rays. The flux for photons over 300 GeV at this point in time in 1995 was 8.1±1.5 x 10−12 cm−2s−1.
Blazars are likely to originate from matter falling into a black hole and possibly a binary black hole. The velocity dispersion (which is the maximum difference in the velocity toward or away from Earth) observed in the galaxy is 372 km/s which predicts a black hole mass of (0.9 − 3.4) × 109 M⊙. However, dispersion of velocity was also measured as 291 and 270 km/s so the central mass may be less. A 23-day variability suggested that an object may be orbiting the central black hole with a 23-day period.
With very-long-baseline interferometry, the fine detail of radio waves can be seen down to milliarcsecond (mas) resolution. A central very bright single point called the core is observed. From the core an extremely high-speed blast of plasma emerges in a narrow cone shape as a one-sided jet. After 30 milliarcseconds, the jet, which is 300 pc long, does a 90° turn and fans out. The inner jet before the kink shows bright edges or a limb-brightened structure less than 10 mas wide. This is probably due to a fast-moving central part to the jet, combined with slower edges. Normally, there would be jets of gas shooting out in opposite directions. The observed jet is the one that faces the earth and projects plasma towards Earth. There is also a jet heading away from Earth called a counter jet. Close into the core, this counter jet is so much dimmer than the main jet that it is invisible in radio waves. The brightness of the counter jet is less than the main jet by a factor of 1250. This implies that the jet is relativistic with Γ about 15 (that is, the plasma is moving at 99.8% of the speed of light) and at an angle between 15° and 25° from the line of sight from the Earth. At 408 MHz, the power level is 1.81 Jy, although this is variable. Beyond 10 kpc from the core, the counter jet becomes visible, showing that the jets have become non-relativistic; that is, plasma is no longer moving close to the speed of light. The symmetrical radio emission extends to 70", which corresponds to 120 to 200 kpc.
Early designations were 4C 39.49 and B2 1652+39. The Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies lists this as UGC 10599.
Other designations: B1652+39 or 1H1652+398 or TeV J1653+397.