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ARP 140, NGC 274 and NGC 275 Interacting Galaxies, Cetus
In 1966, American astronomer Halton Arp published a catalog of 338 peculiar galaxies under the assumption that the distorted shapes were due to large galactic ejections. It was soon demonstrated that the majority of the objects are in fact interacting galaxies, deforming each other by tidal forces. Entry number 140 is an example of two such galaxies, NGC 274 and NGC 275 in the constellation of Cetus, which appear to be in the early stages of merging. NGC 274 is a lenticular galaxy discovered by William Herschel in 1785. Although NGC 275 is in the same field of view, and of nearly the same brightness and identical contrast index, there is no mention of it in any of his observation notes. It is not unlikely that he mistook the pair for a single object. NGC 275 was first identified as a separate galaxy by his son, John Herschel in 1828.
Distance measurements of extragalactic objects are essential in estimating their physical properties, and are usually based on the redshift for very distant objects. However, redshift is dependent on two velocity components. One is due to the expansion of space, and the second to the object's "peculiar velocity" through space relative to the observer. It is generally accepted that "redshift-independent distances" are more accurate for redshifts lower than 0.01. In the case of ARP 140, redshift-independent distances are questionable on several levels. As listed in the NED database, the number of measurements is statistically too low. The range of results is too large, and varies by several hundred percent between low and high values. Distance calculations are based on outdated Hubble parameter (Ho) values. And, mean distance estimates for the two galaxies place them very widely apart, though they convincingly appear to be interacting in close contact. For these reasons, galaxy properties in the attached chart are calculated on the basis of their redshift derived distances.
Using the redshift method, NGC 274 lies at a distance of 80.84 Mly, receding at 1,746 km/s. Its actual diameter is about 37,200 ly, and absolute magnitude -19.46. It is approximately one third in size and brightness as our Milky Way galaxy. SIMBAD database classifies it as E/S0, an intermediate between an elliptical and a lenticular galaxy, while the NED database describes it as SAB0(r) pec, which is an intermediate spiral with a ring and a peculiar morphology. On my low magnification image I can barely visualize a full oval ring once my attention is drawn to it. On close examination, a couple of delicate features are present which suggest gravitational interaction. One is slight eccentricity of the galaxy relative to its nucleus. Another one is the presence of three wispy stellar streamers between the two galaxies. These features are better appreciated on Halton Arp's negative, high contrast, embossed original image.
NGC 275 is classified as SB(rs)cd pec, indicating a loosely wound barred spiral galaxy with an incomplete ring and a peculiar morphology. Its redshift based distance is 80.57 Mly, recession velocity 1,740 km/s, actual diameter approximately 37,700 ly, absolute magnitude -19.28, and brightness about one quarter that of the Milky Way. Even at low magnification, this galaxy shows markedly disrupted spiral arms and numerous bright blue floccules of starburst activity. While few references describe ARP 140 as a widely separated line-of-sight pair, it might be difficult to explain away peculiar features in both galaxies consistent with close gravitational interaction.
The attached image also includes a very distant galaxy, LEDA 1026074, lying at a distance of 1.5 billion light years, which is about half the size and brightness of the Milky Way. The background is strewn with numerous remote galaxies marked with letter "G" on the annotated image. Unfortunately, they have neither measurable properties nor identifiers listed in SIMBAD and NED databases. Based on their angular size alone, they would lie at distances between 1.5 and 3 billion light years. Of course, many of them might be dwarf galaxies, in which case they would be much closer. Without redshift information, there is no way to know.
The most remote object is quasar (QSO) SDSS J005134.95-065841.7, which presents barely above the limiting magnitude. Its apparent magnitude is presently about 0.5 mag brighter than listed. Quasars commonly manifest short and long term variability depending on the matter available to them for accretion. Based on its redshift of 1.38400, it lies at a light travel distance (lookback time) of 9.1 billion light years, and is about 70 times brighter than our Galaxy. When the light we are now recording was emitted, the object was receding from our location at 210,080 km/s. In the present cosmological epoch, its "proper recession velocity" is 292,040 km/s - very nearly the speed of light. When its proper recession velocity becomes superluminal, it will have crossed the cosmic event horizon and, over the next 9 billion years, its light will forever fade away into the infrared and radio waves.
Image Details:
-Remote Takahashi TOA 150 x 1105 mm
-OSC 32 x 300 sec, 2x drizzle, 30% linear crop
Software:
DSS, XnView, StarNet++ v2, Star Tools v1.8
Extragalactic Cosmological Calculator v2
www.cloudynights.com/gallery/image/169610-extragalactic-c...
NGC 4618 ( PGC 42575 = IC 3667 = Arp 23)
Discovered (Apr 9, 1787) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 4618)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (and later listed as IC 3667)
An 11th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SB(rs)m) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 41 33, Dec +41 09 04)
A member of an interacting pair (with NGC 4625, which see for a discussion of the results of that interaction), hence its use as an example of a one-armed spiral galaxy in the Arp Atlas. Its 545 km/sec recessional velocity is too small, in comparison to peculiar (non-Hubble-expansion) velocities, to provide a reliable distance estimate, but is in good agreement with a redshift-independent distance estimate of 25 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of 4.2 by 3.4 arcmin, NGC 4625 is about 30 thousand light years across.
"Excerpt courtesy of Courtney Seligman" cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc46.htm#4618
Image... Cherryvalley Observatory (I83). Telescope: 0.2-m SCT & SBIG STL-1301E CCD Camera @f7.6. Image Scale 2.17 arcsec/pixel, Field of View 46 x 37 arcmins.
Flat field and dark subtract calibration frames. Combined Stack of three images of 120 seconds each unfiltered and unbinned. CCD operating temperature: -35 degrees. Image acquisition and processing: CCD Soft v5, TheSky6 Professional and Mira Pro v7. February 18th 2016.
Dr. Halton Arp originally compiled the Atlas of peculiar galaxies with photographs he made mainly using the Palomar 200-inch telescope and the 48-inch Schmidt telescope between the years 1961 to 1966. Original image can be found here: ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp23.jpeg
A brand new pinhole camera from Reality So Subtle (35r). It has 2 pinholes, one on the front and one on the back, The back one is used dfor shooting "redscale". © www.johnfar.com
#91 astrodeep200407aab10aa.png 4.12 MB 1244X1243 HUDF top center NASA original
This image is 6.3x6.3 arc-seconds, 3.965% of the area of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is 186 arc-seconds wide and high = 3.1 arc-minutes
= 1/10 width of the Full Moon or Sun, about 0.5 degrees,
so the HUDF is about 1% of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun,
short introduction re viewing lovely subtle earliest structures in HUDF: AstroDeep, Rich Murray 2009.02.23
I've found since 2005 myriad ubiquitous bright blue sources, always on a darker fractal 3D web, along with a variety of sizes of irregular early galaxies, in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, simply by increasing the gamma from 1.00 to 2.00 and saturating the colors, while minimizing the green band to simplify the complex overlays of complex fractal structures.
Dozens of these images, covering the entire HUDF in eight ~20 MB segments, are available for viewing at many scales [ To change the size of images on Windows PCs, use Control - and + ] on www.Flickr.com at the "rmforall" photostream. Try #86 for the central 16% of the HUDF.
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17 2009.01.20
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of 3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298
1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
www.sfcomplex.org Santa Fe Complex
You are welcome to visit me and share your comments as I share these images at home on a 4X8 foot screen -- no fee.
Anyone may view and download for free 91 images, presenting the HUDF in eight 20 MB pieces at rmforall at www.FlickR.com -- #86 is about 20% of the HUDF in their red and blue colors, as leaving out the green greatly simplifies interpreting the overlapping layers of transparent fractal webs of gas with a wide range of sizes of rather distant sources, beyond z = 5.
_____________________________________________________________
astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.10 MB flickr.com rmforall #90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 px HUDF center top left: Lillian J Kelly: Rich Murray 2008.12.30
The attachment is my image from my hard drive:
astrodeep200407aab10ada.png
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/3103426063/
#90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 px HUDF center top left
Click on All Sizes to see and download the Original
or find it directly at
farm4.static.flickr.com/3161/3103426063_df229d2202_o.png
In Windows Vista, use CTRL +/= over and over to magnify images,
and CRTL _/- to reduce.
You can also go to Control Panel to Ease of Access
to Ease of Access Center
to Optimize visual display
to turn on Magnifier,
which creates a box of any size and location that magnifies
from 1 to 16 times in width and height,
whatever area the cursor is pointed at on any image on the screen.
You can even make "stereo" pairs side by side,
by setting Magnifier to 1X,
and putting its box to the left or right half of the screen,
and using the cursor to adjust
until the two images are matching and side by side.
Then if you can, gaze with crossed eyes at the two images
to get a third image in between,
which may well look 3D and have much more detail.
This image is 6.3x6.3 arc-seconds, 3.965% of the area of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is 186 arc-seconds wide and high = 3.1 arc-minutes
= 1/10 width of the Full Moon or Sun, about 0.5 degrees,
so the HUDF is about 1% of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun,
while the image is 4% of 1/1,000 of the area of the HUDF,
so the image is about 4/100,000 of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun.
The image is 6.3 are-seconds wide and high,
while the pixels are 0.03 arc-seconds wide in the original HUDF.
The background of many small blue spots are about 1-10 pixels in area.
I have used a simple, low-cost program, MGI PhotoSuite 4.0 to process these images:
double the Gamma to 2.00,
raise the color saturation,
shift colors a bit to accentuate the reds,
remove most of the Green band,
so the image is mostly made of Blue (coding for visible blue),
with Red codes for the invisible infrared just longer in wavelength than visible red.
Mixed Blue and Red make green, yellow, orange, red, and white.
However these colors are downshifted in frequency (lengthened in wavelength)
more and more the more they are distant in space (light travel time from us):
The "Little Feller", like the figure "8" in the top center
to the right of the red galaxy with a red swirl on the right,
has been measured to be at redshift distance z = 4.88,
so its light is changed by a factor of 4.88 --
its apparent reds, oranges, and yellows represent radiation in the hot ultraviolet,
and its age from us is about 13 billion years,
about a billion years after the Big Bang,
13.7 billion = 13,700 million years ago.
The Sun and solar system are 4.6 billion = 4,600 million years ago.
The myriad tiny background blue spots,
along with some green ones,
always on a dark 3D fractal mesh,
are probably the first stars,
made of pure hydrogen and helium,
about 100-100 solar masses in size,
extremely hot and short-lived,
exploding as hypernovae after 1-2 million years,
often with intense bipolar jets,
often leaving relic neutron stars and black holes,
flinging new elements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen into space to become the substance of later generations of stars,
which are closer to us in space (nearer in time), smaller, more numerous, cooler, longer-lived,
collecting together by gravity to make clouds, clusters, dwarf galaxies, clump cluster galaxies, irregular galaxies, and mature galaxies,
flat slowly rotating spirals and rounded ellipticals,
which often collide, especially at first
before the constant expansion of space-time separated them more and more --
the expansion of space-time itself that originated from a minute region in a source reality
that had at least 10 dimensions of space and one of time -- the Big Bang.
So, we see far-away early gatherings of hot blue and green objects,
and closer (nearer to us in time) more numerous gatherings of cooler red objects,
which all seem exist as a 3D fractal network of twisted tubes,
rather transparent, as there was little dust in early time to darken light.
It is well known that for every mass of ordinary matter, gas, dust, stars,
there is about 6 times more mass of completely invisible dark matter,
which pulls itself together by gravity into a 3D fractal network, making
the scaffold that ordinary matter collects within.
Dark matter surrounds glalaxies and superclusters of galaxies,
bending light gently by gravity,
so that the dark matter appears as subtle transparent bubbles
against the complex background of deeper structures.
Additionally the cosmic zoo may include galaxy-wide strings of
condensed space-time geometry, formed during the Big Bang,
that are massive enough to bend light
and make double twin images of objects far behind them from us.
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their
Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue
sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting,
1 to a dozen or so pixels,
as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs,
probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive,
short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight,
expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and
bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with
a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based
on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find "Lego-block" galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like "building block" galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. "These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe" says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies' estimated masses were
so small. Hubble's cousin observatory, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe's
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
"While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars," says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory's Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
"trails". The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These "grism spectra" -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal's main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu,
2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-a galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a
young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-a emission
tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-a
emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700A < wavelength < 7500A luminosities, or upper
limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties
of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most
likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being
about 10E6 to 10E8 M sun.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects,
even in cases where objects were not detected,
were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, about 1.25 x 10E-4 per cubic Mpc is
comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high
redshifts.
These Lyman-a galaxies show modest star formation rates of about 8 M sun per
year, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to
assemble their stellar mass in less than a few 10E6 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc,
and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies:
formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space
Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
At left is an enlarged infrared view of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 with three young, star-forming galaxies highlighted by green diamonds. The center column shows close-ups of each galaxy, along with their designations, the amount of magnification provided by the cluster’s gravitational lens, their redshifts (shown as z — all correspond to a cosmic age of about 790 million years), and their estimated mass of stars. At right, measurements from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRSpec instrument confirm that the galaxies produce strong emission in the light of doubly ionized oxygen (green bars), indicating vigorous star formation is taking place.
Read more in this feature: science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-uncovers-galaxy...
Credit: NASA/ESA/CSA/Bezanson et al. 2024 and Wold et al. 2025
Image description: Three columns of images and information appear on a black background. At left is an infrared image showing white and yellow galaxies of various shapes and sizes, with three green diamonds superimposed on it. Light gray shading extends from each diamond to a square image in the center column. The top image is labeled 41038, the middle one is 41028, and at bottom is 41006. Each image shows a green blob on a red and green checked background, while the middle and bottom images include a large white blob as well. Next to each image is textual information. For the top image, it reads “Magnified 13 X, z = 6.8690, Stellar mass 10 million Suns”; for the middle image, “Magnified 11 X, z = 6.8697, Stellar mass 2 million Suns”; for the bottom image, “Magnified 3 X, z= 6.8717, Stellar mass 160 million Suns.” At right is a column of line graphs and colored bars representing a spectrum of each galaxy. The colored bars align with peaks in a squiggly line running horizontally across each graph. There is one blue bar, labelled “Hydrogen,” and two green bars, labeled “Oxygen,” in each graph. The vertical axis of the graphs reads “Brightness,” while the horizontal axis reads “Wavelength (µm),” with numbers ranging from 3.82 to 3.94.
#90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 HUDF center top left
This image is 6.3x6.3 arc-seconds, 3.965% of the area of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is 186 arc-seconds wide and high = 3.1 arc-minutes
= 1/10 width of the Full Moon or Sun, about 0.5 degrees,
so the HUDF is about 1% of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun.
Rich Murray,
MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,
BS MIT 1964 history and physics,
254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932-1918,
rmforall@gmail.com,
505-819-7388 cell,
619-623-3468 home,
short introduction re viewing lovely subtle earliest structures in HUDF: AstroDeep, Rich Murray 2009.02.23
I've found since 2005 myriad ubiquitous bright blue sources, always on a darker fractal 3D web, along with a variety of sizes of irregular early galaxies, in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, simply by increasing the gamma from 1.00 to 2.00 and saturating the colors, while minimizing the green band to simplify the complex overlays of complex fractal structures.
Dozens of these images, covering the entire HUDF in eight ~20 MB segments, are available for viewing at many scales [ To change the size of images on Windows PCs, use Control - and + ] on www.Flickr.com at the "rmforall" photostream. Try #86 for the central 16% of the HUDF.
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17 2009.01.20
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008/08/ubiquitous-bright-blue-1-12...
tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of 3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298
1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
www.sfcomplex.org Santa Fe Complex
You are welcome to visit me and share your comments as I share these images at home on a 4X8 foot screen -- no fee.
Anyone may view and download for free 91 images, presenting the HUDF in eight 20 MB pieces at rmforall at www.FlickR.com -- #86 is about 20% of the HUDF in their red and blue colors, as leaving out the green greatly simplifies interpreting the overlapping layers of transparent fractal webs of gas with a wide range of sizes of rather distant sources, beyond z = 5.
_____________________________________________________________
astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.10 MB flickr.com rmforall #90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 px HUDF center top left: Lillian J Kelly: Rich Murray 2008.12.30
The attachment is my image from my hard drive:
astrodeep200407aab10ada.png
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/3103426063/
#90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 px HUDF center top left
Click on All Sizes to see and download the Original
or find it directly at
farm4.static.flickr.com/3161/3103426063_df229d2202_o.png
In Windows Vista, use CTRL +/= over and over to magnify images,
and CRTL _/- to reduce.
You can also go to Control Panel to Ease of Access
to Ease of Access Center
to Optimize visual display
to turn on Magnifier,
which creates a box of any size and location that magnifies
from 1 to 16 times in width and height,
whatever area the cursor is pointed at on any image on the screen.
You can even make "stereo" pairs side by side,
by setting Magnifier to 1X,
and putting its box to the left or right half of the screen,
and using the cursor to adjust
until the two images are matching and side by side.
Then if you can, gaze with crossed eyes at the two images
to get a third image in between,
which may well look 3D and have much more detail.
This image is 6.3x6.3 arc-seconds, 3.965% of the area of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is 186 arc-seconds wide and high = 3.1 arc-minutes
= 1/10 width of the Full Moon or Sun, about 0.5 degrees,
so the HUDF is about 1% of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun,
while the image is 4% of 1/1,000 of the area of the HUDF,
so the image is about 4/100,000 of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun.
The image is 6.3 are-seconds wide and high,
while the pixels are 0.03 arc-seconds wide in the original HUDF.
The background of many small blue spots are about 1-10 pixels in area.
I have used a simple, low-cost program, MGI PhotoSuite 4.0 to process these images:
double the Gamma to 2.00,
raise the color saturation,
shift colors a bit to accentuate the reds,
remove most of the Green band,
so the image is mostly made of Blue (coding for visible blue),
with Red codes for the invisible infrared just longer in wavelength than visible red.
Mixed Blue and Red make green, yellow, orange, red, and white.
However these colors are downshifted in frequency (lengthened in wavelength)
more and more the more they are distant in space (light travel time from us):
The "Little Feller", like the figure "8" in the top center
to the right of the red galaxy with a red swirl on the right,
has been measured to be at redshift distance z = 4.88,
so its light is changed by a factor of 4.88 --
its apparent reds, oranges, and yellows represent radiation in the hot ultraviolet,
and its age from us is about 13 billion years,
about a billion years after the Big Bang,
13.7 billion = 13,700 million years ago.
The Sun and solar system are 4.6 billion = 4,600 million years ago.
The myriad tiny background blue spots,
along with some green ones,
always on a dark 3D fractal mesh,
are probably the first stars,
made of pure hydrogen and helium,
about 100-100 solar masses in size,
extremely hot and short-lived,
exploding as hypernovae after 1-2 million years,
often with intense bipolar jets,
often leaving relic neutron stars and black holes,
flinging new elements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen into space to become the substance of later generations of stars,
which are closer to us in space (nearer in time), smaller, more numerous, cooler, longer-lived,
collecting together by gravity to make clouds, clusters, dwarf galaxies, clump cluster galaxies, irregular galaxies, and mature galaxies,
flat slowly rotating spirals and rounded ellipticals,
which often collide, especially at first
before the constant expansion of space-time separated them more and more --
the expansion of space-time itself that originated from a minute region in a source reality
that had at least 10 dimensions of space and one of time -- the Big Bang.
So, we see far-away early gatherings of hot blue and green objects,
and closer (nearer to us in time) more numerous gatherings of cooler red objects,
which all seem exist as a 3D fractal network of twisted tubes,
rather transparent, as there was little dust in early time to darken light.
It is well known that for every mass of ordinary matter, gas, dust, stars,
there is about 6 times more mass of completely invisible dark matter,
which pulls itself together by gravity into a 3D fractal network, making
the scaffold that ordinary matter collects within.
Dark matter surrounds glalaxies and superclusters of galaxies,
bending light gently by gravity,
so that the dark matter appears as subtle transparent bubbles
against the complex background of deeper structures.
Additionally the cosmic zoo may include galaxy-wide strings of
condensed space-time geometry, formed during the Big Bang,
that are massive enough to bend light
and make double twin images of objects far behind them from us.
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their
Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue
sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting,
1 to a dozen or so pixels,
as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs,
probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive,
short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight,
expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and
bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with
a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based
on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find "Lego-block" galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like "building block" galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. "These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe" says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies' estimated masses were
so small. Hubble's cousin observatory, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe's
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
"While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars," says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory's Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
"trails". The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These "grism spectra" -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal's main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu,
2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-a galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a
young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-a emission
tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-a
emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700A < wavelength < 7500A luminosities, or upper
limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties
of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most
likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being
about 10E6 to 10E8 M sun.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects,
even in cases where objects were not detected,
were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, about 1.25 x 10E-4 per cubic Mpc is
comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high
redshifts.
These Lyman-a galaxies show modest star formation rates of about 8 M sun per
year, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to
assemble their stellar mass in less than a few 10E6 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc,
and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies:
formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space
Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008/08/notable-bright-blue-tiny-so...
tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008/07/bright-blue-1-4-pixel-sourc...
tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All
1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
rmforall@gmail.com
505-501-2298
rich.murray11 Skype audio, video
tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
NGC 5829 (PGC 53709 = HCG 73A, and with IC 4526 = Arp 42)
Discovered (May 11, 1882) by Édouard Stephan (12b-68)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SA(s)c) in Boötes (RA 15 02 42.0, Dec +23 20 00)
Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 5635 km/sec, NGC 5829 is about 260 million light years away, in unusually poor agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 145 to 175 million light years. Using an intermediate distance of 200 million light years, the galaxy's apparent size of 1.45 by 1.0 arcmin would correspond to 110 thousand light years. NGC 5829 and IC 4526 make up Arp 42, an example of a spiral galaxy with a faint companion; but the two are not physical companions, as IC 4526 is over 300 million light years further away. The galaxy is also listed as a member of Hickson Compact Group 73, but is not actually a physical member of the group, being much closer than all the other members.
"Excerpt courtesy of Courtney Seligman"
cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc58.htm#5829
Image... Cherryvalley Observatory (I83). Telescope: 0.2-m SCT & SBIG STL-1301E CCD Camera @f7.6. Image Scale 2.17 arcsec/pixel, Field of View 46 x 37 arcmins. Combined Stack of three images of 120 seconds each unfiltered and unbinned. CCD operating temperature: -35 degrees. Image acquisition and processing: CCD Soft v5, TheSky6 Professional and Mira Pro v7. 18th February 2016
Dr. Halton Arp originally compiled the Atlas of peculiar galaxies with photographs he made mainly using the Palomar 200-inch telescope and the 48-inch Schmidt telescope between the years 1961 to 1966. Original image can be found here:
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
Hoover Dam as seen from the bypass bridge pedestrian walkway.
Moskva 5 6x9 folding rangefinder on expired TMax 100 film developed in caffenol CL, semi-stand 47 minutes at 72 F. To get the color shift, I scanned these as color negatives and post processed them in LR. Still working on the overall effect/look and for images that lend themselves to this type of treatment. Appreciate any feedback.
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
30 x 300 s L(7)R(7)G(7)B(9)
FSQ-106ED, QHY16200A, Astro-Physics Mach1
Processed with Pixinsight and PS.
APCC, APT, PHD2
Southern RedShift Observatory (remote)
Collaboration with E. Oliveira
June 20 and 21, 2020.
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five
2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta
Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest
hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-! galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-! emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-! emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700°A < " < 7500°A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being ! 106 − 108 M!.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, ! 1.25× 10−4 Mpc−3 is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.
These Lyman-! galaxies show modest star formation rates of ! 8 M! yr−1, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few ×106 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five
2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta
Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest
hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-! galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-a emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-a emitting (LAE) galaxies at z 4.0 - 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700°A - 7500°A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being about 10E6 − 10E8 Msun.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, ! 1.25× 10E−4 Mpc−3 is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.
These Lyman-a galaxies show modest star formation rates of about 8 Msun yr−1, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few ×10E6 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
photoshopped original photo |148|
A Quasar (contraction of QUASi-stellAR radio source) is an extremely bright and distant active galactic nucleus. They were first identified as being high redshift sources of electromagnetic energy, including radio waves and visible light that were point-like, similar to stars, rather than extended sources similar to galaxies. While there was initially some controversy over the nature of these objects, there is now a scientific consensus that a quasar is a compact halo of matter surrounding the central supermassive black hole of a young galaxy.
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five
2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta
Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest
hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-! galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-! emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-! emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700°A < " < 7500°A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being ! 106 − 108 M!.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, ! 1.25× 10−4 Mpc−3 is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.
These Lyman-! galaxies show modest star formation rates of ! 8 M! yr−1, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few ×106 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five
2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta
Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest
hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-! galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-! emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-! emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700°A < " < 7500°A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being ! 106 − 108 M!.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, ! 1.25× 10−4 Mpc−3 is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.
These Lyman-! galaxies show modest star formation rates of ! 8 M! yr−1, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few ×106 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
NGC 5364 (NGC 5317) and NGC 5363 Galaxy Group,Virgo
NGC 5364, also catalogued as NGC 5317, is a "grand-design" spiral galaxy discovered by William Herschel in 1786. Its morphological classification of SA(rs)bc pec indicates an incomplete ring structure, loosely wound spiral arms, and a peculiar asymmetry of the galactic bulge and the spiral arms which is probably due to gravitational perturbation by its neighbors. The most likely cause is the nearby lenticular galaxy NGC 5360, although some sources suggest that the more distant NGC 5363 also shows evidence of gravitational interaction. Based on its redshift and apparent size and magnitude, NGC 5364 is about 57.4 million light years distant, and receding at 1,239 km/s due to the expansion of the Universe. It is approximately 93,000 LY in diameter, and half as bright as the Milky Way. Light blue floccules in the spiral arms are OB Associations, or immense clusters of large, very hot young stars. Hubble images of the galaxy also show numerous regions of hydrogen gas partially ionised by ultraviolet light from recently formed stars.
The other major galaxy in the image is NGC 5363, also discovered by William Herschel in 1784. As a fairly featureless lenticular galaxy, with a well developed nuclear bulge and a diffuse galactic disk, it is far less spectacular in the visible band than its grand-design spiral companion. However, in the infrared band, the galaxy displays two prominent lanes of cold dust which still retain evidence of a spiral structure and a central bar. The total mass of interstellar dust is about 100 times greater than expected from the total mass lost by evolved stars, which suggests an external origin. The detection of density shells within the galaxy as evidence of recent mergers confirms the hypothesis that the excess interstellar dust was acquired through accretion. Further, ultraviolet studies reveal the presence of young, hot stars born during star formation activity caused by a recent merger. Spectroscopic studies of the central region show evidence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the LINER type, powered by the accretion disk of a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a mass of 375 million solar. The AGN is also a source of radio waves, indicating the precence of polar jets emanating from the central SMBH, generating synchrotron radiation. Thus, when studied throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, this apparently featureless galaxy tells a fascinating story. Based on measurable properties (redshift, apparent magnitude, and angular size), NGC 5363 is about 90,000 LY in diameter, and one third as bright as the Milky Way (much of its visible light is extincted by the dust). It lies at a distance of 57 million LY, receding at 1,129 km/s due to the expansion of the Universe. It is approximately 5 million LY distant from its spiral companion, NGC 5364, so it does not appear likely that either is tidaly deforming the other at present, though they are members of the same gravitationally bound galaxy cluster.
The other members within the photograph belonging to the NGC 5364 galaxy group are marked in light blue color on the annotated image, and their physical properties are described on the attached chart. The group belongs to the Virgo III Galaxy Group, which is itself the E part of the large Virgo Galaxy Cluster.
www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galgrps/viriii.html
In the backround lie more remote galaxies at distances between 250 million and 1.5 billion LY. These are marked in green and yellow color on the annotated image, depending on their redshift. Included also are four quasars QSOs). The most distant of these is WISEA J135345.93+051305.4. Its redshift of 3.400 indicates that the light we are presently recording travelled for 11.8 billion years to reach us (lookback time, or light travel distance). When the light was emitted, the quasar was about 16,000 times brighter than the Milky Way, and was receding from the future location of our galaxy at 270,343 km/sec (redshift, apparent, or relativistic recession velocity). In the present epoch, its (comoving = proper) distance is around 22.4 billion LY, and it is receding at the superluminal proper recession velocity of 483,700 km/s. The quasar is presently located well beyond the cosmic event horizon, and the photons it is presently emitting can never reach us. It can be calculated that 99.73% of the light originally emitted was lost to "cosmological extinction", or literally diluted by the expansion of space through which it travelled.
Image Details:
-Remote Takahashi TOA 150 x 1105mm, Paramount GT GEM
-29 x 300 sec OSC, 15% and 25% area crop
-Software:
DSS, XnView, StarNet++, StarTools v 1.3 and 1.7,
Extragalactic Cosmological Calculator 2
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five
2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta
Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest
hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-! galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-! emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-! emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700°A < " < 7500°A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being ! 106 − 108 M!.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, ! 1.25× 10−4 Mpc−3 is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.
These Lyman-! galaxies show modest star formation rates of ! 8 M! yr−1, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few ×106 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five
2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta
Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest
hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85
www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/
The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.
Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.
As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html
Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks
In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.
The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.
The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images
www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB
view with free software AlternaTIFF
alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser
Large JPEG
3,422 KB
Screensize JPEG
387 KB
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable
Copyright-free material (more info).
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31
hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt
HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html
News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe
06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.
The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.
Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.
These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.
“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.
The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.
The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.
# # #
Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.
Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.
Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)
If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.
For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: 410-338-4879
Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306
Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621
Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: +1-410-338-4514
Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: +1-818-354-4673
AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28p
www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf
arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-! galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4
ABSTRACT
High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-! emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.
We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-! emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
Rest-frame UV to optical 700°A < " < 7500°A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.
We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.
We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being ! 106 − 108 M!.
Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.
The space density of these objects, ! 1.25× 10−4 Mpc−3 is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.
These Lyman-! galaxies show modest star formation rates of ! 8 M! yr−1, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few ×106 years.
These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.
They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.
Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology
1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083
____________________________________________________________
See similar images:
notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86
bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________
Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages
____________________________________________________________
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
Hooray, i actually have my photoshop up and running again! I am in serious need of a new apple mac though so will have to save up to buy it, anyway iv'e decided to upload a few photos i had from my library until monday when I WILL be starting my 365, i have a load of ideas written down and some photos taken all ready, i just have to manipulate them to say and hope you enjoy.
This shot was taken outside in the garden and is just a close up of a plant stalk and it's leaf, i decided to crop out the flower to stray away from the norm and shift it into the red hue.
I shot this while in Rhode Island-- this was a bit of a happy accident, as I shot it in redscale, but did not realise it until I took the roll out. (I should pay more attention!). It was also, as you can easily tell, shot on the Chaika, which really is so much fun! Also, astonishingly easily to blow through a roll of film fast if you get into the groove of it.
I particularly like the little purple scratches that crawl across it, signs of the Chaika eating the film as it made its way through.