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12' x 16' Cedar Rectangular Gazebo Shown with Optional Cedar Shingles and Cedar Tone Stain/ Sealer
www.gazebocreations.com/structurepath/23/red-cedar/single...
El castell de Montbui, conjuntament amb l'església de Santa Maria, s'alcen en un pujol proper a Santa Margarida de Montbui. Es conserva una construcció rectangular i algun fragment de la muralla en diversos sectors del cim de La Tossa. Fou construïda en el segle X i reedificada o reconstruïda en el primer quart del segle XI. És la típica construcció defensiva de l'etapa de repoblament, doncs tenia la corresponent capella preromànica i romànica. La torre és de base quadrangular i angles arrodonits amb els murs de dos metres de gruix, construïts amb pedra sense retocar de forma regular i amb morter de calç i arena. En alguns sectors podem apreciar algunes filades de pedres inclinades i també en "opus spicatum". En el seu interior hi ha una sala d'estructura posterior que es fa servir per a actes i exposicions.
-Segons un document conservat a l'Arxiu Capitular de Vic, la fortificació ja existia l'any 936.
-L'any 970 el comte Borrell II de Barcelona va adjudicar aquesta zona al bisbe de Vic per tal d'assegurar-ne el repoblament de la comarca que va patir el saqueig i destrucció d'al-Mansur l'any 985.
-El bisbe Froià de Vic, per tal de protegir als repobladors de la zona va fer reedificar el castell i la capella.
-L'any 990 una forta secada va provocar la paralització de les obres i l'emigració de gent.
-El 1003 té lloc l'assalt a càrrec d'Abd al-Malik, fill d'al-Mansur.
-El 1023 el bisbe de Vic, Oliba, encomana al levita Guillem de Mediona la reconstrucció del castell que fou acabada l'any 1035 aproximadament.
invarquit.cultura.gencat.cat/Cerca/Fitxa?index=0&cons...
Les restes actuals es troben formades per una construcció de planta rectangular amb els angles arrodonits, d'uns 12 metres d'amplada per 17 metres de llargada i uns 7 metres d'alçada. Els paraments externs configurats per uns murs d'uns 2 metres de gruix, han estat obrats en gran part amb un aparell irregular, de petits blocs de pedra tan sols desbastats, i units amb morter de calç. Com a característica destacable, cal fer esment de la presència de filades d'opus spicatum a la part inferior de la construcció, mentre que a les fileres de la part superior, es presenten molt més ordenades i regulars, i corresponen sens dubte, a una ampliació efectuada poc després. La façana principal de l'edifici es troba encarada a l'est, mirant vers l'església de Santa Maria. Destaca la presència d'un portal d'accés a nivell de planta baixa. Es tracta d'una obertura contemporània, que substituí la porta original del castell enlairada a nivell de primer pis, ara desclosa a manera de finestral. A més a més destaca a nivell de planta baixa, quasi bé arran de terra, destaca una altra obertura en forma de finestró. Totes les obertures són acabades en arcs de mig punt, refets en les restauracions, com també ho són cadascuna de les finestres distribuïdes a cada façana. A la façana de ponent, destaca la presència d'una altra porta, que no té res a veure amb les anteriors. A nivell constructiu s'aprecien clarament dues etapes. Una primera corresponent a la part inferior de l'edifici, i una segona corresponent a les darreres filades. L'any 1974 fou restaurat pel Patronat de la Muntanya de Tossa. A la part restaurada s'hi van habilitar dues sales, on s'exposa una col·lecció d'eines del camp i documentació referent a l'indret, i una sala per diversos actes. Cal suposar que inicialment aquesta construcció era dividida en diversos compartiments separats per trespols de fusta, tal i com ho demostren els forats que resten a les parets per encabir-hi les bigues dels empostissats. Ateses les modificacions introduïdes en les restauracions, interiorment ara s'organitza a partir d'una planta baixa, desdoblada en un rebedor i una sala coberta per una volta de pedra de mig punt amb una obertura situada al centre. El nivell superior immediat, parcialment malmès, ja no conté res més, llevat de les parets que tanquen l'estança.
Els orígens del castell de la Tossa es troben estretament relacionats amb el procés de conquesta i repoblació de les terres de la Catalunya central, i concretament la conca d'Òdena, per part dels comtes catalans. Tot el sector de l'Anoia fou aprisiat teòricament per Guifré el Pilós i posseït pels seus successors, tot i que es tractà d'una ocupació molt precària. Els primers testimonis sobre el poblament alt-medieval de Montbui s'han de situar al segle X, si bé no pot ser descartada amb anterioritat la presència de grups de pagesos empesos per la necessitat de terres, amb caràcter esporàdic. De fet, el primer document en el qual s'esmenta el terme de Montbui, és un document de compravenda de terres del 936. No es descarta del tot que contemporàniament a aquesta primitiva colonització agrària del territori hagués existit alguna fortificació rudimentària al cim de la Tossa. L'any 960 el comte de Barcelona Borrell II atorgà els actuals termes de Montbui i Tous, situats llavors als confins del comtat d'Osona, al bisbe Ató de Vic. Ell i el seu successor Froià (972-995) promogueren la iniciativa repobladora de la zona. Fou precisament el bisbe Froià a qui s'atribueix la iniciativa de la construcció del castell de Montbui i de l'església de Santa Maria de la Tossa. Església i castell sofriren greument els avatars de les ràtzies musulmanes entre el 985 i el 1003, que devastà la comarca i possiblement també el conjunt defensiu de la Tossa. Els testimonis sobre la represa d'activitats a l'àrea de Montbui cal situar-los després de les diverses expedicions catalanes organitzades pel comte Ramon Borrell al califat de Còrdova entre els anys 1010 i 1018. El 1023 el bisbe Oliba de Vic infeudà els termes dels castells de Montbui, Saió i Tous a Guillem d'Oló o de Mediona. En l'acte de donació se li imposava l'obligació de repoblar els territoris i reconstruir els castells i temples. Cal suposar que al moment del seu testament, datat el 1032, aquests ja estaven reconstruïts. Des de l'any 1166 es té notícia de la presència de la família Montbui com a castlans del castell, ja sigui sota el domini del bisbe de Vic com del comte de Cardona, que s'atribuí el mer imperi des del 1187. Cal pensar que el castell de Montbui estigué en actiu de manera constant fins als segles XII-XIII, moment a partir del qual els Montbui anirien desplaçant el seu lloc de residència al pla, concretament a la domus o Casa Gran situada al nucli antic de Santa Margarida de Montbui. En el transcurs del segle XV el poble s'havia convertit en el centre del domini feudal, en lloc del castell. Així el 1444, Joan Berenguer de Montbui s'identificava com a senyor del lloc de Santa Coloma de Montbui, expressió que demostra que el poble havia assimilat la capitalitat jurisdiccional i el lloc de residència habitual del baró. Tot i la possible utilització esporàdica de la fortalesa en moments de guerra i enfrontament, la influència de l'edifici anà decaient i fou només mantinguda per la presència de la veïna parròquia de Santa Maria de la Tossa fins el 1614. Desprès de segles d'abandonament, el 1954 es va crear l'Associació d'Amics de la tossa, format per Mossèn Francesc Espinalt i Garriga, rector de Montbui i altres persones interessades en el tema. Aquesta entitat es va mobilitzar per recuperar el patrimoni aconseguint el suport de les administracions, especialment de la Diputació de Barcelona. El 1956 es va crear el Patronat de la Muntanya de la Tossa, que va comprar els terrenys que envoltaven l'església de Santa Maria i aconseguria l'obertura de la carretera que porta a dalt de la Tossa. L'any 1967 es consolidà el castell i es deixà obert com a sala d'exposicions. L'any 1994 el Patronat es va constituir legalment en la Fundació Tossa de Montbui. L'any 2004, per tal de gestionar millor les necessitats del conjunt es va constituir el Consorci de la Tossa de Montbui format per l'Ajuntament de Montbui i la Fundació.
Finger Loop Braiding
Rectangular Braid with Color Swapping Inner Stripe
(I think there is probably a better pass for the color swap - if you look at the first photo you see they are in a V shape and here they are in more of a straight line. I expect I could make them both V's or both Straight - I'd just have to change the way I do the color swap).
This is the next Finger Loop Braid for my Finger Loop Braiding Instructable. The video is not up yet (YouTube is down). It will be up as soon as I can upload it. I think I'm going to put these additional braids into a new Instructable so those folks who have already gone through the first one, will see easily that this is a new one.
I'll put the address of that Instructable up as soon as YouTube wakes up and I can publish it.
(the pattern video for this braid is actually already up. I created it out of yarn with really ugly colors and triple strands to bulk it up. I really hated how it looked, and bought some new cords at the Fabric Store to redo it. You can see it here Rectangle braid with color swapping stripe in ugly colors. Or wait for the new one with THESE cords. It will be up ASAP).
Descripció:
Gran edificació rectangular sobre un sòcol rocós, renovat en part el segle XVII i adaptat per a masia. El castell dibuixa la silueta dalt de la carena. Té, per tant, una situació dominadora. El castell, transformat avui en una sòlida construcció de campanya, mostra ésser dedicat amb carruatge força regular; tanmateix, no hi manca algun carreu cantoner de format superior al pam. En general, el casalici presenta una faç severa, baldament no hi manquen obertures, destacant les finestres.
Notícies històriques:
Castell termenat. Documentat el 983 i el 1029. El topònim "in Castelar" s'afigura ací l'any 983, documentalment. El 1022 hom al·ludia el "castro de Castellar", concedit per "Segui" a "Companis filio meo"; el 1063 el "termino de Castelar" tocava el del castell de Grevalosa (=Gravalosa), puix que així apareix en la venda que del castell que tractem féu aleshores Bernat Otger de Castellet al comte de Barcelona. El fogatjament del 1358 anomena "Petrus de Gravalosa, civis Minorise, pro XIIII focis quos habet in castro suo de Castellar". L'esmentat ciutadà de Manresa posseïa, així mateix, el lloc de Seguer, i prosseguí en el domini, ell i la seva família. El 1565 senyor de Castellar ho era "mossen janot de Gravalosa". El rei Carles (l'arxiduc pretendent) concedí, el 1707, el comtat de Castellar a Francesc d'Amat-Grevalosa i de Planella, baró de Castellar (comtat de Sant Miquel de Castellar, des del 1923).
patmapa.gencat.cat/web/guest/patrimoni/arquitectura?artic...
Descripció:
El Castell de Castellar està ubicat en el terme municipal d'Aguilar de Segarra, en l'extrem sud oriental, a tocar del terme de Rajadell. Durant el mes de juliol de 2007 es va dur a terme una intervenció arqueològica preventiva en el castell de Castellar (Aguilar de Segarra, Bages). La intervenció arqueològica s'emmarca en el projecte d'estudi, rehabilitació i restauració del Castell i el seu entorn, dut a terme per l'Ajuntament d'Aguilar de Segarra. Aquesta intervenció en el castell constava de dues parts; la excavació arqueològica i l'estudi de paraments. L'estudi de paraments es realitzà en tots els murs conservats del castell, tot i que en alguns casos no va poder ser complet per la dificultat d'accedir sobretot, al pis superior i, d'altra banda, per la presència de vegetació. Actualment el castell presenta una planta quadrangular amb els angles arrodonits, és format per uns potents murs perimetrals no exempts de reformes. En els punts on ambdues estructures entren en contacte s'observa com un d'ells recolza en l'altre. Per general els murs perimetrals són amples, entre 1 i 1'20m d'amplada. Semblen estructures de doble paredat, realitzades amb blocs de pedra de mida gran i mitjana, disposats en filades bastant regulars i lligats amb un morter de calç blanquinós. Se suposa que l'espai entre els dos paredats era reomplert de pedruscall amb morter de calç, fet que atorga una gran consistència a l'estructura. Les cantonades presenten blocs escairats, adoptant formes geomètriques quadrades o rectangulars, que acoblen les dues línies dels murs que uneixen. Un cop realitzades les dues intervencions, l'excavació arqueològica i l'estudi de tots els paraments del castell, s'observa la existència d'una clara homogeneïtat en la composició formal de les estructures, i se'n proposen tres fases principals. Els murs que actualment es conserven del castell (més d'una trentena), són d'un gruix entre els 60 i 90cm. Les parets estan fetes a doble paredat, amb carreus de mida mitjana i petita, lleugerament escairada, col·locats a trencajunt i disposats en filades regulars. És en els lligams on s'han trobat diferenciacions; els murs perimetrals i alguns interiors presenten molt poc morter, murs en què els carreus són més petits i la pedra millor treballada (que s'associen als primers segles de funcionament del castell). Altres murs presenten abundant morter de color rosat i molt sorrenc: aquest tipus s'ha de relacionar amb la transformació del castell en mas. El castell en el seu aspecte actual no conserva cobertes, però cal pensar que serien de doble vessant i de teules. S'han documentat a l'interior del castell, elements de coberta o forjat, embigat en sentit est-oest i nord-sud, marcats per bigues de grans dimensions. Les obertures constructives és el punt amb més varietat formal de tots els estudiats (se'n trobaren en total 101 obertures). D'entre totes aquestes, destaquen les portes, 26 en total, força similars entre elles i majoritàriament fetes amb arc de mig punt. Altres elements són, per exemple, escales i estructures relacionades amb activitats agrícoles del mas. Totes les escales són de pedra. Les fases cronològiques del castell van ser determinades en funció de dos elements fonamentals; els materials arqueològics recuperats i les relacions físiques entre estructures. Fase 1 (segles X - XIII). Fundació del castell. Segurament el castell fou fundat entorn el segle X. La ocupació primigènia s'ha vist confirmada per l'excavació arqueològica, s'hi recuperà un fragment de ceràmica espatulada de cocció oxidant, d'aquesta cronologia. Tot i així, es fa difícil detectar estructures d'aquests primers moments degut a les múltiples reformes posteriors. Cal pensar, de totes maneres, que els murs perimetrals formarien part de l'estructura inicial del castell i murs més antics de l'edifici. Fase 2 (segles XVIII - XVII). Primeres modificacions importants. En aquesta segona fase s'inclouen tots aquells elements que no formen part de l'estructura original del castell, ni tampoc de les reformes vinculades a la transformació del conjunt en masia, per exemple, tres forats de pal o una sitja. Fase 3 (segles XVII - XIX). Modificació general del conjunt, transformació del castell en un mas. L'evidència que al llarg del segle XVIII l'edifici patí transformacions importants queda palesa en dues llindes, on es llegeixen les dates de 1774 i 1777. També es produeix un reforç important dels murs i la construcció dels forjats de sostre, així com la presència del trull, que constata l'última activitat duta a terme en el mas, abandonat cap als anys 40 del segle passat.
Context:
S'alça sobre un turó que per part del darrera fa carena, i sobre un banc de roca gairebé circular, damunt d'un grup de cases que porten aquest nom.
patmapa.gencat.cat/web/guest/patrimoni/jaciments?articleI...
- 2 rectangular plastic containers with 4 side lock air tight lids, enclosed in a soft Insulated pouch
- Also contains 2 extra small containers for condiments
- Keeps food warm
- Made of food grade material
- Available Size : Small
For more Softline Tiffin Carriers visit www.nayasa.com.
Smooth-edged sub-rectangular right neck-lobe, curved to form respiratory siphon; cilia on dorsal surface create exhalent current. Ventral surface stippled yellow and dark purple. Fringed inhalent left neck-lobe.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION with links to images at: flic.kr/p/g3iVPG
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/.
When I found the grates located here, they were latitudinal wheelsuckers. I called them in, and they were replaced with (W)rectangular Roulettes. Although they are safer than the original grates, they still have open gaps which can trap the wheel of a cyclist, or wheelchairist.
Location: Rose Quarter MAX platform (west side).
Status: Reported (pending approval of replacement by ODOT)
Preah Khan (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះខ័ន; "Royal Sword") is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built in the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII. It is located northeast of Angkor Thom and just west of the Jayatataka baray, with which it was associated. It was the centre of a substantial organisation, with almost 100,000 officials and servants. The temple is flat in design, with a basic plan of successive rectangular galleries around a Buddhist sanctuary complicated by Hindu satellite temples and numerous later additions. Like the nearby Ta Prohm, Preah Khan has been left largely unrestored, with numerous trees and other vegetation growing among the ruins.
HISTORY
Preah Khan was built on the site of Jayavarman VII's victory over the invading Chams in 1191. Unusually the modern name, meaning "holy sword", is derived from the meaning of the original - Nagara Jayasri (holy city of victory). The site may previously have been occupied by the royal palaces of Yasovarman II and Tribhuvanadityavarman. The temple's foundation stela has provided considerable information about the history and administration of the site: the main image, of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara in the form of the king's father, was dedicated in 1191 (the king's mother had earlier been commemorated in the same way at Ta Prohm). 430 other deities also had shrines on the site, each of which received an allotment of food, clothing, perfume and even mosquito nets; the temple's wealth included gold, silver, gems, 112,300 pearls and a cow with gilded horns. The institution combined the roles of city, temple and Buddhist university: there were 97,840 attendants and servants, including 1000 dancers and 1000 teachers.
The temple is still largely unrestored: the initial clearing was from 1927 to 1932, and partial anastylosis was carried out in 1939. Since then free-standing statues have been removed for safe-keeping, and there has been further consolidation and restoration work. Throughout, the conservators have attempted to balance restoration and maintenance of the wild condition in which the temple was discovered: one of them, Maurice Glaize, wrote that;
The temple was previously overrun with a particularly voracious vegetation and quite ruined, presenting only chaos. Clearing works were undertaken with a constant respect for the large trees which give the composition a pleasing presentation without constituting any immediate danger. At the same time, some partial anastylosis has revived various buildings found in a sufficient state of preservation and presenting some special interest in their architecture or decoration.
Since 1991, the site has been maintained by the World Monuments Fund. It has continued the cautious approach to restoration, believing that to go further would involve too much guesswork, and prefers to respect the ruined nature of the temple. One of its former employees has said, "We're basically running a glorified maintenance program. We're not prepared to falsify history". It has therefore limited itself primarily to stabilisation work on the fourth eastern gopura, the House of Fire and the Hall of Dancers.
THE SITE
The outer wall of Preah Khan is of laterite, and bears 72 garudas holding nagas, at 50 m intervals. Surrounded by a moat, it measures 800 by 700 m and encloses an area of 56 hectares. To the east of Preah Khan is a landing stage on the edge of the Jayatataka baray, now dry, which measured 3.5 by 0.9 km. This also allowed access to the temple of Neak Pean in the centre of the baray. As usual Preah Khan is oriented toward the east, so this was the main entrance, but there are others at each of the cardinal points. Each entrance has a causeway over the moat with nāga-carrying devas and asuras similar to those at Angkor Thom; Glaize considered this an indication that the city element of Preah Khan was more significant than those of Ta Prohm or Banteay Kdei.
Halfway along the path leading to the third enclosure, on the north side, is a House of Fire (or Dharmasala) similar to Ta Prohm's. The remainder of the fourth enclosure, now forested, was originally occupied by the city; as this was built of perishable materials it has not survived. The third enclosure wall is 200 by 175 metres. In front of the third gopura is a cruciform terrace. The gopura itself is on a large scale, with three towers in the centre and two flanking pavilions. Between the southern two towers were two celebrated silk-cotton trees, of which Glaize wrote, "resting on the vault itself of the gallery, [they] frame its openings and brace the stones in substitute for pillars in a caprice of nature that is as fantastic as it is perilous." One of the trees is now dead, although the roots have been left in place. The trees may need to be removed to prevent their damaging the structure. On the far side of the temple, the third western gopura has pediments of a chess game and the Battle of Lanka, and two guardian dvarapalas to the west.
West of the third eastern gopura, on the main axis is a Hall of Dancers. The walls are decorated with apsaras; Buddha images in niches above them were destroyed in the anti-Buddhist reaction under Jayavarman VIII. North of the Hall of Dancers is a two-storeyed structure with round columns. No other examples of this form survive at Angkor, although there are traces of similar buildings at Ta Prohm and Banteay Kdei. Freeman and Jacques speculate that this may have been a granary. Occupying the rest of the third enclosure are ponds (now dry) in each corner, and satellite temples to the north, south and west. While the main temple was Buddhist, these three are dedicated to Shiva, previous kings and queens, and Vishnu respectively. They are notable chiefly for their pediments: on the northern temple, Vishnu reclining to the west and the Hindu trinity of Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma to the east; on the western temple, Krishna raising Mount Govardhana to the west.
Connecting the Hall of Dancers and the wall of the second enclosure is a courtyard containing two libraries. The second eastern gopura projects into this courtyard; it is one of the few Angkorian gopuras with significant internal decoration, with garudas on the corners of the cornices. Buddha images on the columns were changed into hermits under Jayavarman VIII.
Between the second enclosure wall (85 by 76 m) and the first enclosure wall (62 by 55 m) on the eastern side is a row of later additions which impede access and hide some of the original decoration. The first enclosure is, as Glaize said, similarly, "choked with more or less ruined buildings". The enclosure is divided into four parts by a cruciform gallery, each part almost filled by these later irregular additions. The walls of this gallery, and the interior of the central sanctuary, are covered with holes for the fixing of bronze plates which would originally have covered them and the outside of the sanctuary - 1500 tonnes was used to decorate the whole temple. At the centre of the temple, in place of the original statue of Lokesvara, is a stupa built several centuries after the temple's initial construction.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION
Microbial biofilms have been found degrading sandstone at Angkor Wat, Preah Khan, and the Bayon and West Prasat in Angkor. The dehydration and radiation resistant filamentous cyanobacteria can produce organic acids that degrade the stone. A dark filamentous fungus was found in internal and external Preah Khan samples, while the alga Trentepohlia was found only in samples taken from external, pink-stained stone at Preah Khan.
Since most residents will experience the new gardens from above, the pattern of pavements and plantings was especially important. In order to unify the design, the pavers were arranged in polychrome, rectangular blocks while the plantings were grouped as small monocultures in beds of the same size and shape as the pavements.
Rectangular Halo Diamond Ring with Round and Baguette Accent Diamonds in 18kt White Gold (D.87 carat total weight; no center stone)
117777-100
When visiting Japanese castles, you may notice round, triangular and rectangular holes in walls. These round ones are ports for musketeers who fired an old type of flintlock gun called an arquebus, or teppō in Japanese. The rectangular or triangular ones are for arrows.
These rectangular Viton rubber expansion joints were custom designed for a centrifuge suction and discharge of paraxylene application at a chemical plant in India. The units are 59.5" x 20.25" x 14" face-to-face and 29.875" x 22.75" x 14" face-to-face. The belt material is made from Viton rubber with 304 stainless steel liner and carbon steel retaining bars. They are designed for an operating temperature up to 250°F at 5 psig, with 0.25" of axial compression and lateral deflection. The units were hydro-tested to 5 psig prior to shipment.
GAIUS CALIGULA and DIVUS AUGUSTUS. 37-41 AD. AR Denarius (3.61 gm). Struck 37-38 AD. Lugdunum mint. Laureate head of Caligula right; c/m: IMP VES ligate within rectangular incuse / Radiate head of Divus Augustus right. RIC I 16; BMCRE 17; RSC 2; c/m: Howgego 839; see BMCRE vol. II, pg. xvii where it is mentioned that the countermark is found on denarii from about 120 BC to those struck under Augustus.
The countermark on this issue indicates the continued use of older coins in circulation and the occasional need to identify them as acceptable media of exchange. Subsequently, there was a general recall of worn issues by Trajan in 107 AD. See lots 1472 and 1577 for other coins countermarked under Vespasian. cngcoins.com
The big rectangular holes in the architrave of the eastern side of the Parthenon were left from the shields captured from Persians by Alexander the Great. There are 14 of them. Between them are groups of small holes. These were left from bronze letters put there during the reign of emperor Nero.
This fine alpaca fiber resulted in a shawl that is very light, almost ethereal in appearance.
Pattern: Icarus Lace Shawl
Designer: Miriam Felton
Source: Interweave Knits, Summer 2006
Yarn: J Knits Lace-a-licious, Color- Wyoming (100g used, 13g left over)
Needles: Addi-Lace US 3 (3.25mm)
Started: 13Sept07
Completed: 11Oct07
Finished size 84" x 42"
Edits: I added one more 24 row repeat of chart one since I wanted a big shawl and I had plenty of yarn.
This rectangular palace with an arched entrance was built in indo-saracenic style. Its interior is marked by arches joining both walls and supporting the ceiling. This edifice was said to be raised by Shitab Khan, whose lengthy record dated 1504 AD found near the southern torana attributes him to Hindu orign.
_____________________________________________
Shitab Khan (late 15th century-early 16th century), also spelled Chitapu Khan, was born Sitapathi Raju in the Telangana, South India. He was from a Hindu family of cow-herders of the Boya community, then considered "low caste". He joined as a foot soldier in the army of Humayun Shah the Bahmani Sultan, and rose up the ranks to acquire senior captaincy, his own jagir (a land fief) and the title 'Shitab Khan'. He always used the title in his inscriptions but never actually converted to Islam.
THE KINGDOM
The entire telugu speaking areas which now form the state of Andhra Pradesh (an area greater than the size of France) were united and saw an efflorescence of all the arts, culture and military might under the rule of the Kakatiya Emperors. They finally fell in 1323 to the invading forces of the Delhi Sultan, Mohammad bin Tughlaq, whose Deccan (southern) governor Alauddin Bahman Shah eventually rebelled in 1347 setting up the independent Bahmani kingdom ruling from Gulbarga. His dominions extended up to Golconda in the east. Meanwhile, further south, the mighty Vijayanagar empire had arisen from the Kampili-Hampi region, taking over much of what is now the Rayalaseema region of Andhra. In the far east, the rulers of Orissa occupied telugu lands up to the banks of the Godavari and by the mid-15th century the powerful Gajapatis had replaced the Ganga dynasty. At the central core of the erstwhile Kakatiya empire the chieftaincies of Rachakonda in north Telangana and Devarakonda in south Telangana took shape, ruled by Padmanayaka (Velama)dynasties. From the Addanki-Kondaveedu region in modern Guntur district, a kingdom was formed by a Reddy dynasty. The three telugu kingdoms of Rachakonda, Devarakonda and Kondaveedu, therefore, were boxed in by the three major powers and led a precarious existence for about a century with frequent internecine quarrels, alliances and counter-alliances with one or the other of the major powers. All three ceased to exist by the mid-15th century, Rachakonda and Devarakonda absorbed into the Bahmani and Kondaveedu into the Gajapati kingdoms. Rachakonda was unique that in spite of its small size and frequent tensions, telugu literature received major patronage and flourished. Most famous was Sarvajna Singha Bhoopala III of the Recherla clan, the last king of Rachakonda, who patronized both Bammera Pothana and Srinatha - legendary telugu poets. By Shitab Khan's time the Bahmanis had recently acquired this important buffer state on their eastern frontiers.
From 1480 to 1485, Shitab Khan was the governor of Rachakonda (near Narayanpur in modern Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh). He seems to have taken advantage of the internal turmoils of the Bahmanis and declared his independence in 1503, ruling from the Rachakonda, Warangal and Khammam forts from 1503 to 1512. He appears to have been very popular and inscriptional evidence suggests that he undertook many public works including repairing irrigation tanks and reinstating ruined temples. His stated purpose was to re-instate the great glory of the bygone Kakatiya times. A 16x38x12 m building in fine Indo-Saracenic style still stands in the old Warangal Fort, called Kush Mahal or Shitab Khan Palace. He had the Pakhala tank repaired which still serves many farmlands in the area and is now a picturesque tourist spot. He was also a patron of literature and Telugu poetry continued to flourish in his time. His prime minister, Enumulapalli Peddanna mantri, was the patron of Charigonda Dharmanna who wrote the Chitra Bharatam, a classic of Telugu poetry. Rich descriptions of his rule are in this work.
In the turbulent regional politics of the time, Quli Qutb Shah ruler of Golconda Fort (in modern Hyderabad) was asserting his dominance and Shitab Khan had to face invasions from Golconda which was just shaking off the suzerainty of the Bahmanis. Warangal succumbed to the Golconda ruler and Shitab Khan had to flee, about 1512. He joined the service of Prataparudra Gajapati, King of Kalinga (Orissa). When the legendary Vijayanagar Emperor Sri Krishnadevaraya went on his Kalinga campaign, 1516–1517, his triumphal progress was effectively hindered by the archers of Shitab Khan at the mountain pass near Simhadri (modern Visakhapatnam district). But Shitab lost the battle and, very likely, his life there.
WIKIPEDIA
When I found the grates located here, they were latitudinal wheelsuckers. I called them in, and they were replaced with (W)rectangular Roulettes. Although they are safer than the original grates, they still have open gaps which can trap the wheel of a cyclist, or wheelchairist.
Location: Rose Quarter MAX platform (west side).
Status: Reported (pending approval of replacement by ODOT)
Situated beneath a large rectangular Herodian era structure, the series of subterranean chambers is located in the heart of Hebron(Al-Khalil)'s old city in the Hebron Hills. According to tradition that has been associated with both the Book of Genesis and the Quran, the cave and adjoining field were purchased by Abraham and Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah, considered the Patriarchs and Matriarchs of the Jewish people, are all believed to be buried there.
The only matriarch missing is Rachel, who is believed to be buried near Bethlehem where she died in childbirth.
The Hebrew name possibly refers to the physical layout of the original two chambers while according to the Book of Genesis, Jacob dug further in to make a third chamber for Leah and himself.
The Arabic name of the complex reflects the prominence given to Abraham, revered by Muslims as a Quranic prophet and patriarch through Ishmael. Outside biblical and Quranic sources there are a number of legends and traditions associated with the cave.
This rectangular metallic expansion joint measures 22" x 84" x 11" face-to-face and is fabricated from 316 stainless steel bellows and carbon steel flanges. This expansion joint is designed to absorb axial compression in a hot air duct system to a fan inlet. The bellows have three convolutions with mitered corners. The expansion joint was 100% dye-penetrant examined and soap and air tested prior to being shipped to a power plant.
Lavabo en piedra natural personalizado bajo pedido. Puedes elegir el tamaño, el material y la textura de la parte exterior.
Natural stone washbasin customized upon request. You can choose the size, material and texture.
Contacta con nosotros:
Tel: +34 968725656
info@rosalstones.com
Small Dark Gray Rectangular Planter. Rough Texture
Etsy Item #90176277
We originally made a bigger version of the Rectacular and, based on the positive feedback, tried our hand with a miniature...et voila! Its rough and rugged texture and sharp squared profile give it an undeniably masculine air, but this can easily be balanced, if needed, with a flirty floral arrangement or the feminine touch of someone imaginative! Looks wonderful on a desk or bureau.
Approximate measurements of the planter itself are 9 inches long, 3.25 inches wide, and 3 inches high. Also available in a smoother texture as seen in the listings of the larger Rectaculars. Other colors available include spearmint green, white, earth brown, terracotta and burgundy brick.
Any contents shown are not included, but we'd be happy to prepare a custom arrangement for you. Simply contact us and we can take it from there!
Poundbury Hill hill fort is the site of a Middle Bronze Age enclosure. It is roughly rectangular and it is likely that it was designed to command views over the River Frome and the Frome valley to the north. The main entrance to the fort is on the eastern end.
First excavated in 1938.
In the 4th century BC, the banks were faced with timber and a deep V-shaped ditch was dug. The banks were enlarged and strengthened and a limestone revetment was added, in circa 50 BC.
Cemetery
Just outside the fort was a large Romano-British cemetery. The majority of burials date to the late Roman era of the 4th century AD, although the cemetery was in use from the Neolithic times to the Middle Ages The cemetery, located on the northeast side of the hill fort, was excavated during the 1970s.
Aqueduct
The northern and eastern sides of the hillfort's outer defences were damaged by the construction of the Roman aqueduct which supplied the settlement of Durnovaria (Dorchester) with fresh water from a reservoir around 4.5 km (2.8 mi) away. The aqueduct terrace, situated on the northeast-facing slope of the Frome valley, has a very slight gradient (averaging 1:1750), achieved by a winding route almost 9 km (5.6 mi) long. This aqueduct (80 cm wide by 30 cm deep) was a small closed channel with clay bottom and wooden sides. It had a wooden cover with a protective covering of soil and grass, to prevent contamination of the water, which was brought from a dam and lake by what is now Littlewood Farm in Frampton. The water was later used for the new town of Dorchester and its public baths. The aqueduct was abandoned in about 160 AD, following the collapse of the reservoir dam in Frampton.
The main Dorchester to Yeovil railway line (now called the Heart of Wessex Line) was tunnelled beneath the hill fort, thereby minimising damage to the ramparts. Brunel originally wanted to put the tracks in a cutting through the site, but local outrage at the plan meant that the more expensive tunnel was chosen. The protest against the Poundbury cutting plan also led to the formation of the Dorset archaeological society.