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Unit 2 belonging to Troop D 4 (Beaver County.) This is the Beaver Barracks last CVPI and is supposedly being retired within the next few weeks. (Since retired) In this area for PSP they cap their cars out at 140,000 miles. This unit only has 110,000 miles. I am unsure the reasoning is behind its plan of retirement, best guess is age. Very clean 2011 with the Fire Suppression System like all PSP CVPI's have installed. Very friendly Troopers @ this post.
New Improved Semantic Web: Now with added meaning! More machine processable than before. May be incompatible with existing XML tools. Databases may take up to ten times as much memory and 24 hours to load.
Picture taken from Mark Butlers presentation "Is the semantic web hype?" Hewlett Packard labs presentation at Manchester Metropolitan University. Conceived by Mark Butler and drawn by Rachel Murphy of Rude Girl Designs. Reproduced here with kind permission from Mark Butler.
國立台灣文學館 - 推理文學在臺灣特展 / 文學展覽看來簡單 - 卻有很深的內涵
National Museum of Taiwanese Literature - Reasoning literature in Taiwan special exhibition / The literary exhibition seems simple - There is a deep connotation
Museo Nacional de la literatura taiwanesa - Razonamiento de la literatura en Taiwan exposición especial / La exposición literaria parece simple - Hay una profunda connotación
国立の台湾の文学館 - 推理の文学は台湾特に展にあります / 文学が展覧するのは見たところ簡単です - とても深い内包があります
Nationalmuseum der taiwanesischen Literatur - Begründung Literatur in Taiwan Sonderausstellung / Die literarische Ausstellung scheint einfach - es gibt eine tiefe Konnotation
Musée national de la littérature taiwanaise - Raisonnement de la littérature à Taiwan exposition spéciale / L'exposition littéraire semble simple - Il existe une connotation profonde
Tainan Taiwan / Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南
管樂小集 2017/07/02 安平古堡 Fort Zeelandia performances 1080P
{ 霧子のタンゴ Kiriko's Tango 懷念的播音員 }
{View large size on fluidr / 觀看大圖}
{My Blog / 管樂小集精彩演出-觸動你的心}
{My Blog / Great Music The splendid performance touches your heart}
{My Blog / 管楽小集すばらしい公演-はあなたの心を心を打ちます}
{Mi blog / La gran música el funcionamiento espléndido toca su corazón}
{Mein Blog / Große Musik die herrliche Leistung berührt Ihr Herz}
{Mon blog / La grande musique l'exécution splendide touche votre coeur}
Melody 曲:JAPAN / Words 詞:Sheesen / Singing : Sheesen
{ 夢旅人 1990 Dream Traveler 1990 }
家住安南鹽溪邊
The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river
隔壁就是聽雨軒
The next door listens to the rain porch
一旦落日照大員
The sunset Shineing to the Taiwan at once
左岸青龍飛九天
The left bank white dragon flying in the sky
I chose this image because they are African knives. In Africa, there are many tribes that still practice the act of scarification. It is performed on both male and female and the reasoning behind it varies. For men, it may be performed as an act of strength to see how much pain they can tolerate. With women it is a sign of beauty. Some will have scarification done all over their face in like rice grain sized patterns, as well as their chest and stomach.
A reminder to me however a caution to you viewers ! New Orleans, is considered one of the raining-est places in the United States, for this matter anywhere on the USA coast line, I don't recall in any of my camera care, or equipment protection to always have a bag of desiccant, reasoning to remove any moisture from the tools of the photographic world. try the electronic supply or camera stores,, cleaning lens is a task labor effort, it's also good to note an opening question to other professional photographers tool bag content !!! learning to ask all the right questions ! or supply a helping hand !
During the 13th century St. Anthony of Padua was reported to have converted a hardened heretic through a rather unique contest. The heretic, by the name of Bononillo, was unmoved by the reasoning of the "hammer of heretics," as St. Anthony was called. Bononillo was as stubborn as the mule that stood beside him.
Eyeing the mule, Anthony made an offer to Bononillo. He asked him whether he would give up his heresy if the mule were to bow down and adore its Creator present in the Blessed Sacrament. The heretic answered he would, provided he could lay down certain conditions: for two days the mule was not to be fed, and on the third day it was to be led into the public square.
On one side of the square would be placed a tempting pile of fresh feed, on the opposite side Anthony could stand with what Bononillo contemptuously called the "body of Christ." Anthony agreed, but in all humility made one condition. If the animal did not kneel before the Blessed Sacrament, his sins alone were to be blamed.
The day arrived for this strange contest and the square was crowded with people. When the derisive Bononillo arrived with his half-starved mule, he was fully confident that his mule had sense and appetite enough to go after the feed. But he was wrong. Anthony had implored his Lord in the intervening two days for the soul of this heretic. God did not let his faithful servant down.
When turned loose, the mule without the least hesitation advanced towards Anthony and knelt in an attitude of adoration before the Blessed Sacrament. With much emotion and contrition the heretic too fell on his knees and gave up his heresy.
This Eucharistic miracle is depicted in stained glass in this window from Lourdes' parish church. Today, 3 June 2010, is the feast of Corpus Christi, when the Church recalls the divine gift of the Blessed Sacrament.
While not truly fractals, much of this elemental realm relies on chaos theory to sustain itself, and can be precarious to human reasoning. Such is the case of the Fairy Circle. If a human should ever enter this circle the person becomes so enchanted that they can not easily escape from this realm.
View On Black-Hole
After meeting at a lap-dancing club,,, in Lapland, the Nobel Prize winning wheelchair-bound physicist Professor Stephen Hawking and top Hollywood actor Tom Cruise became the closest of friends.
Convinced by Cruise of the sound reasoning behind L. Ron Hubbard's classically invented religion of Scientology, Professor Hawking became a devout adherent himself, and decided to devote all of his massive scientific braininess, plus [+] some maths, to proving that all the weird space stuff about Thetans, Xenu etc, that's fundamental to the Scientology belief system, was scientifically accurate.
But Tom Cruise reckoned that this would be a waste of "Time" (something which Hawking is a bit of an expert on), and told him of his intense jealousy regarding the runaway commercial success of the salad dressings marketed by ageing rival hollywood actor [the now sadly late] Paul Newman.
Stephen Hawking was so grateful to Cruise for revealing to him the profound truths of the Scientology religion that he agreed to use all of his scientific powers, and nuclear physics itself, to create the finest salad dressing in the Entire Universe[s], which could be sold under the 'Scientology Salad Dressing' label, to raise money and spread the gospel according to old L. Ron, and blow "that old bastard" Newman and his salad dressing away.
For months Hawking toiled away in a secret subterranean Cambridge laboratory full of radioactive materials, egg whites, garlic, and olive oil, plus some top-grade balsamic vinegar, with the invaluable aid of lab assistant John Travolta, when finally his moment of ultimate triumph arrived!
The birth of Professor Stephen Hawking & Tom Cruise's Special Scientology Salad Dressing.
Very, very luckily, I was the only other person present, to capture the amazing moment on my trusty 75 year old Voigtlander Brilliant box camera, loaded with Eddie Olive's special x-pro out-of-date slide film.
I processed it in some of the highly radioactive 'Scientology Salad Dressing' immediately after exposure, then scanned and sharpened with my 'Mac-a-Mania' home-written photo processing software,,, with the above results,
A true "exclusive", I feel!
國立台灣文學館 - 推理文學在臺灣特展 / 影子的季節 - 有光才有照片
National Museum of Taiwanese Literature - Reasoning literature in Taiwan special exhibition / Season of the shadow - Light will have photos
Museo Nacional de la literatura taiwanesa - Razonamiento de la literatura en Taiwan exposición especial / Temporada de la sombra - Luz tendrá fotos
国立の台湾の文学館 - 推理の文学は台湾特に展にあります / 影の季節 - 写真だけがありがあります
Nationalmuseum der taiwanesischen Literatur - Begründung Literatur in Taiwan Sonderausstellung / Jahreszeit des Schattens - Licht wird Fotos haben
Musée national de la littérature taiwanaise - Raisonnement de la littérature à Taiwan exposition spéciale / Saison de l'ombre - La lumière aura des photos
Tainan Taiwan / Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南
管樂小集 2017/10/07 台南孔子廟 Confucian temple Tainan performances 1080P
{ 旅笠道中 Wearing hats travel in road }
{View large size on fluidr/觀看大圖}
{My Blog / 管樂小集精彩演出-觸動你的心}
{My Blog / Great Music The splendid performance touches your heart}
{My Blog / 管楽小集すばらしい公演-はあなたの心を心を打ちます}
{Mi blog / La gran música el funcionamiento espléndido toca su corazón}
{Mein Blog / Große Musik die herrliche Leistung berührt Ihr Herz}
{Mon blog / La grande musique l'exécution splendide touche votre coeur}
Melody 曲:JAPAN / Words 詞:Sheesen / Singing : Sheesen
{ 夢旅人 1990 Dream Traveler 1990 }
家住安南鹽溪邊
The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river
隔壁就是聽雨軒
The next door listens to the rain porch
一旦落日照大員
The sunset Shineing to the Taiwan at once
左岸青龍飛九天
The left bank white dragon flying in the sky
This gull was on its own near Dornock, East coast of Scotland, last Summer. Can someone help with ID? I've looked up books and because of the variation in bill colour, feathers and legs, from year to year as they age, I can't find it. Is it a juv Black Headed Gull? It has a black tip to the bill which is only visible once you know it's there....! Not a stunning shot, but has me puzzled. It would help to have your reasoning rather than a bald statement of what it is. Thanks.
329 is seen here in Bakewell working the 6.1 service towards Derby. This is one of four brand new spare MMC’s to arrive during mid 2024. 328/9 for Derby and 326/7 for Langley mill.
Bizarrely, I believe they were all swapped not long after they’d entered service. I had to check this, but photos on Flickr confirm it! I’m not sure what the reasoning behind this was, but it’s bizarre indeed…
This tweak of the US Constitution is dedicated to all those anti-vaxers, anti-maskers, gun rights zealots and their ilk, who believe their individual rights to do as they please trumps the rights of WE The PEOPLE to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. The point of the document is to make WE a single collective noun--the people speaking in one voice, united by mutual sacrifice and compromise, and modulated by sound reasoning and the informed consent of the governed.
We can of course choose not to be governed this way, but that should, at least initially, be a choice we make as a people. An autocrat, once in power, can be difficult to remove, as we learned in 1776. In the 21st century, with what we now know about mass psychology and the use of force, and with the tools we have at our disposal (like mass media and social networking), the cost of revolution in life and treasure is virtually inconceivable. Powerful forces abroad wait for us to fail so they can sweep in should we fail.
The stakes are high, but it does not feel to me as though We the People is ready yet to abandon the pot. Rather it does feel as though a loose federation of minorities, leveraging our disinterest in primary elections, is attempting to shatter the foundations built at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. They seem to be trying to corrupt the courts, legislatures, governors mansions, the halls of congress, and even the ballot box itself, with partisans blindly loyal to the idea of power for its own sake. They long for autocracy, not democracy; for oppression, not governance. They are well on their way to making it happen--with cunning, deception, and force if necessary.
If that is what we want, let's vote for it openly. I believe most Americans believe in the concept of democracy, but we do not practice it well. Democracy is hard work. Know the issues and the candidates, be familiar with the science, the facts, and the law. Understand your own interests, both ethical and economic, and how the decisions of government, now in particular and in the future in principle, will affect you and the people who matter to you.
Most importantly: VOTE!!! Vote in primaries and mid-terms, where democracy is most vulnerable because our guard is down. Vote in local, county, and state races because decisions at that level are closest to your daily life and affect you most profoundly. Never pass up an opportunity to cast a ballot--That's what makes a democracy work.
Vote with your brain and with your heart. Speak out, but listen, too. Don't dismiss someone else's convictions because they conflict with your own. Compromise, don't cave. Don't accept anyone's facts without reliable information from alternate, ideally impartial, sources; trust, but verify. Prepare, then VOTE!!!
If we don't find the time and energy to do these things, then democracy does not work. We can pass along our just consent to be governed to an autocrat or demagogue, and be done with it. We can go back to world of widening economic and ethnic disparities, and our own lives of quiet desperation.
But won't be any going back. We the people will have failed, and there will be no place for Me the People, either. Let's not call that Liberty, okay?
Eyes of questioning...
Expression of reasoning........
Pressurized.....
Surpassed......
Dissolved....
&
Condensed......
The true expressionist born!
Model : Philip Cornish
EXiF :
Camera NIKON D5100
Lens AF-S Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G ED
Focal Length 35mm
Shutter Speed 1/400 sec
Aperture f/2
ISO/Film 800
@ 500px : 500px.com/photo/31769943
@ Flickr : www.flickr.com/photos/archquad/8671841727/
Discovered for myself a terrific author, Harlan Ellison. Interesting what could he have to say about events of the ‘Now’?
“Patience and persistence are the keys... The keys to unlock doors of success... With these two virtues, you grow in reasoning and experience.”
― Ogwo David Emenike
What is your reasoning for lying?
dis·cern·ment dis-ˈərn-mənt
diz-
: the quality of being able to understand clearly
Ho deciso di creare questo stencil perché incarna perfettamente il concetto di soggettivismo (secondo il mio personale giudizio, naturalmente).
Chiunque, ad un primo impatto, vede in questa foto un uomo di origini africane dietro una rete, con alle spalle un paesaggio ed un clima familiari al soggetto stesso.
L’immagine evoca istintivamente un sentimento forte, di pena e compassione per la sorte dell’uomo, poiché le emozioni agiscono in noi ancor prima del ragionamento.
Ma provate per un attimo ad assumere un punto si vista differente...
Provate ad abbandonare i preconcetti sociali che offuscano la vostra vista…
Se ciò che continuate a vedere è solo e soltanto un uomo africano imprigionato dietro una rete assieme alla sua terra, in realtà, ad essere dietro la rete, potreste essere voi…
(In altre parole la rete non ha altri confini, tali da fare comprendere che l’uomo sia racchiuso; la rete divide solamente voi da lui, perciò non è detto che ad essere imprigionato sia per forza lui!)
Il mio lavoro intende solamente proporre uno spunto di riflessione, per comprendere che ogni cosa si modifica a seconda del punto di vista da cui la si guarda (da qui il titolo, “Soggettivismo”), e che, abbandonando determinati pregiudizi un fratellanza maggiore è realmente possibile.
Titolo: Soggettivismo
48cm x 36 cm.
8 layers, handcut
8 colori:
bianco, marrone cappuccino, marrone mou, marrone havana, marrone frappuccino, marrone ketama, marrone mokaccino, marrone charas [CLASH]
Stencil creato da Animus.
Foto originale: www.flickr.com/photos/stevenfernandez/2069638117/
(ringrazio John Steven Fernandez per la foto)
_________________________________
I decided to create this stencil because it perfectly represents the concept of subjectivism (in my opinion).
At first sight, one sees an African man behind a wire net and a typical landscape of his region. The image instinctively evokes a strong feeling of pity; this happens because emotions are stronger than reasoning in human nature.
But try to take a different point of view for a moment…
Try to lay aside the social prejudices of everyday life…
If you continue to see only an African man and his land jailed behind a wire net, in truth, the only one that is behind the net is you…
(In other words, the wire net serves no other function in the image, such as giving you proof that the African man is behind the net; the wire net only serves to divide you from him, so you are not sure he’s the one who is in fact jailed!)
My artwork only invites one to reflect, to consider and understand that everything is relative to the observer's point of view and is therefore subjective (hence the title). If you try to abandon prejudice, real brotherhood is truly possible.
Title: Subjectivism
48cm x 36 cm.
8 layers, handcut work
8 colors: a) bianco, marrone cappuccino, marrone mou, marrone havana, marrone frappuccino, marrone ketama, marrone mokaccino, marrone charas [CLASH]
Stencil created by Animus.
Original photo: www.flickr.com/photos/stevenfernandez/2069638117/
(Thanks to John Steven Fernandez for the picture).
Special thanks to my friend Skillcrane for helping me with the translation.
AVAILABLE ON: www.etsy.com/shop/LorenzoTostiStencils
I really loved my Bandit and Lockon squads, but I felt like I needed to consolidate to save space on my (very tiny) storage/display area, so I mooshed them together reasoning that a group of pirates would have a diverse collection of frames that have been "acquired" from various sources. Rounding things out, I've added a Luna-tick (thanks, Mark!) as a dedicated spot-bot (which still needs SSRs, but I'm out of time for today, so it'll have to wait).
Bandit (by Aardvark) - Brawler - shoulder armor x2, twin fusion Pike
Lockon (by Vitor Faria) - Charger - Shoulder Armor, Thruster Pack, Rifle, Hook
Luna-tick (by Mark Sakura) - watchtower YYBB - Rangefinder x2, Plasma Chaff Pod x2
Our arrogant political class holds the British people in open contempt
Reasoning in politics - anything might happen. The Daily Telegraph. Bob 29.9.19
On Friday the 12th of May, GL112 leads 4490 on 6L60 with a transfer from Thirlmere to Eveleigh. Where the train will stage overnight then run the Hydro Express on Saturday and the Highlander on Sunday. We see the train on the Thirlmere - Picton section of the loop line just after the Owen street level crossing. The reasoning for GL112 being on the consist was due to 4201 being unavailable.
There are many ways in which a why question can be answered. The word itself relates to a questioning, reasoning, exclamation. A pause in the life to point something out or draw attention to the extraordinary in some way.
Why can be both up and down. Why can evoke purpose, passion and spark ideas, new thoughts, new action.
But sometimes a why is confused. Sometimes a why is both hopeless and helpless. Sometimes the rest of the world looks on with a why so big it changes everything.
On Thursday 3rd September 2015, The Independent newspaper in the UK printed a full page colour photograph as it's lead story. The image was of a 3 year old Syrian refugee called Alan Kurdi, he was lying facedown at the edge of the Aegean sea whilst a Turkish Officer Sgt. Major Mehmet Ciplak was approaching him, about to discover Alan had drowned at sea along with his mother Rehanna and his 5 year old brother Ghalib.
Damian sent me the photo by messenger. He just wrote "I can't stop crying". As soon as I saw it, I had the same reaction. An utter despair of "He is a baby, he never asked for this, he is alone, where is his mum?" and then the comparisons, of all the children that represents for us personally. And the horror that confronts us all- he is a fellow human being and he reached 3 years old before his life was cut short because the water overpowered him. He was in the water because he hasn't been afforded the security of a safe place to call home because Syria is a warzone and so his family were forced to take steps to escape.
The BBC have written a very good article about the power of the photograph and why it cut through the world both vividly and viral. www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34150419
And so we are left to reconcile our own thoughts to this. I have read and heard so many different points of view but I am increasingly frustrated by those who claim to assert the position of ''we are full up''. Just because we are born into a lifestyle and a country does not mean that by default WE own it all. Equality for all will only exist when diversity and inclusive thinking exists across the masses and doing the right thing means stepping in and helping out before a baby washes up on the shores of Turkey.
As part of the article by the BBC, Will Wintercross (an award-winning war photographer for the Daily Telegraph) makes the comment:
"Pictures like this are taken all the time, but not necessarily filed all the time because they are so graphic," he says. "Most will hardly ever be seen by anyone."
"In Syria you see so much that's gory that you start to filter out what's not worth photographing ... You just know some pictures will never be used."
This really just underlines my own thoughts and feelings towards photography- it must be relevant and real. Whether that be joy, or sadness, pleasure or pain. I am sure there are 1000 Alan's whose deaths have all mattered and counted. When we see a neat little bar chart of filtered statistics we are unable to SEE the true horror existing in the lives of people on the same planet as us. These photos must be taken, no matter if no one has the courage to publish them, they need to represent, remember and announce to the world that this life happened.
I am using this self-portrait to enter the SNAP photo festival (#snapphotofest) competition.
I feel that I have reached a place where I am ready to go beyond evoking a feeling and an idea, a smile or an emotion and I now want to take my photography to the level of making it matter. Because people matter. Because their lives matter. Because there is something within me that drives me harder, makes me think further and makes me question WHY to everything I see and I need to find a way of connecting the dots and organising my thoughts enough to make that move.
Name: Crimson Cloak (The Cloak)
Secret Identity: Gage Garnet, One time reporter and writer, he has almost fully devoted his time to crime fighting in recent years nearly forsaking his true identity.
Age: late 30s.
Skills/Powers:
* Super human stamina
* Advanced strength from constant conditioning and exercise
* Advanced intellect, intelligence, and deductive reasoning skills
* Knowledge of various forms of martial arts and fighting styles
* No known “super powers”
Weapons:
***All of the Cloak’s weapons are provided by his friend and inventor William Watts, the owner of Watt Teach Industries and fellow hero Captain Electron.
The Crimson Cloak wears a suit of flexible fiber body armor. His red cape and cowl are both bullet proof and flame proof. He wears a set of goggles that help to magnify his night vision, aiding him in low light environments. His preferred weapon of choice is a high tech staff that detaches at the center to create two smaller batons for close quarter combat. The tip of each baton is slightly electrified to aid The Cloak in dispatching his foes in a non-lethal manner. The Cloak also has an optional "gun" that he can use to launch various non-lethal projectiles at his enemies.
For getting to the scene fast, the Cloak rides a highly modified and experimental Watt Tech Cycle www.flickr.com/photos/10211834@N07/9400169817/in/photostr.... In the past during his tenure on the original League of Heroes, he drove a self-modified car called the Crimson Cruiser.
Background/Origin Story:
Gage Garnet has always been a man obsessed with doing what is right, no matter the costs to himself or to others. During his youth, he was obsessed with comics and yearned to be like those men on the colorful pages. He and his brother Jack would spend hours dressing up like superheroes imagining that they were saving the world. As Gage matured, he showed more of an interest in writing and moved to the big city to pursue his interests. While working for The City Tribune, Gage covered a series of stories involving the rise of real heroes in the city. Men and women who put on costumes to fight crime, it was like his dream come true and here he was on the front lines documenting their rise to power.
Tragically, in the midst of Gage’s rise to success as a reporter, his family home is robbed. His parents are murdered by the robbers as they protect his younger brother Jack. Feeling helpless and partly responsible for not being there, Gage crafts his own costume and decides to track down those responsible for the murder, thus adopting his alter ego The Crimson Cloak.
It isn’t long before Gage is covering the stories of his own exploits, articles that soon reach the attention of a fledgling group of masked heroes known as the League of Heroes. The Cloak is invited to join the League. For the next few years, Gage fights crime along side the virtuous members of the League of Heroes. Keeping the city safe.
As the League of Heroes grows stronger and more powerful, Cobalt Cyclone, Silver Sentry, and Viridia all decide that it would be best to remove their masks publicly to gain the trust of the citizens and to remove any doubt that could be cast upon them by a growing crowd of skeptics. The Crimson Cloak disagrees with this measure, as he does not want his career in vigilantism to hurt his brother’s reputation at his new job on the police force. The Cloak declares that he will step down from the team and leave his career as a superhero behind. Gothic, a fellow teammate and also a detractor of this measure, does not wish to have his identity revealed though he will make an even more public statement of protest.
The day arrives for the big reveal, the heroes are all assembled on the steps of City Hall, Cobalt Cyclone steps up to the microphone and addresses the crowd… and BOOM! A bomb explodes from underneath the podium killing Cyclone, severely injuring Silver Sentry, and sending the crowd into a panic. The Crimson Cloak swings into action, and begins investigating the crime. By following the clues he soon comes to the conclusion that The Skull, the most powerful crime boss in the city was behind the plot. Though he is in for an even bigger surprise when he discovers that The Skull is in fact his former friend and teammate Gothic.
In the wake of the bombing, the League of Heroes falls apart. Public support for masked heroes hits an all time low. The Crimson Cloak decides that he will be all that stands between the evil that plagues the city and the justice that he feels the citizens deserve. Becoming darker and more detached, The Crimson Cloak becomes obsessed with his self-imposed duty even at the expense of losing his own identity in the process.
Relationship to Other Characters:
Allies - William Watts/Captain Electron, Detective Jack Garnet (His younger brother), Viridia, Silver Sentry II
Enemies - The Skull (Formerly his ally Gothic), Stiletta, The Vapor, Dr. Toxin, The Fire Bug, Barricade, Hard Wire
Still from a video taken from the internet, interesting blog about reasoning for having shaved his head.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand, with geological features, on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, the Principle of Original Horizontality and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 17/01/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: field evidence www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later..
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 21/02/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not necessarily older than upper strata, they can be the same age, having been created in the same, sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Yes, I said prequel, as in before the main event. It may be a little boring, but I think you'll find it worthy later. Okay, I guess that if you really think random trees and bushes are cool, I guess that today's your day. BUT, I post this picture as a setup for tomorrow's picture. You see, I built myself a little toy. I made a special filter for my 50mm lens. This lens filter, which was born somewhere online before it came to my camera, allows you to do something really cool: peer into the realm of infrared photography.
Granted, there are ways to do infrared photography that provides some really stunning images. This isn't that type of infrared photography. This type is more about eliminating all the other bands of light from the spectrum and using a sort of black-out filter to just skim over the infrared portion of the spectrum.
But, my reasoning goes, why jump straight to the red images? Let's set the stage first, hence, this photo.
A recent innovation for LOROL services is the use of platform 11 at Stratford for two departures, the 10.49 to Richmond seen here and the 12.36 to Clapham Junction, rather than from the normal dedicated platforms 1 & 2. I am not sure what the reasoning behind this is but does provide a short section of rare track for the dedicated track basher.
This analysis attempts to explain why light is limited in its flight through the demi-'vacuum' of the 'foam' of space at a precise set speed limit of "299,792,458 meters per second"* in the form of a 'three phase' answer (with end notes as comments), pulled from the shelf of common knowledge and sense as led by the key concepts in Science from which the explanation of the Universes perpetual operation and expansion as a process can be seen in the meta as one vast 'integrated circuit' writ large.
There is a 'ingredient' that creates and thus forms the common atomic denominators in the micro to macro physiological energetic gears running as subsystems to propel The Cosmic Show forward and backwards through the foam and fog of Space Time we know to be driven on Earth by the atomic energy of the nucleus of the three families of bacteria that I have identified (to complete several vexing puzzles) which comprise a Cosmic literal as well metaphorical barrel which is constituted, 'stocked and locked' the with the requisite recipe for the phylogenetic trees perpetual existence and growth owing to being a cog in the Suns Dark Material photovoltic gear box or barrel as analogy may be. The natural source of any and all exponential growth checked by its shrink, as Dark Energy which atomically link the food to combustion chains by means (hydro)carbon storage means to name two to hold life so as to bring quarks back in 'good time' to their respective Suns as well dark/black holes in the quantum dynamic mechanical process of connecting you and me as "we are all connected" by means the gears our atmosphere to the Earths economic activity over history which in turn forms part of the natural inherent limit on the speed of light which is a function of the atomic 'surf' of the 'foam of space' that enables the lights ride from its source to its destination by means the Quantum Tunnel of particles making and breaking as waves, exposing therein a large piece of this puzzle that shall explored further through the conceptual prism in terms of 'hull speed' as limit to light speed.
When probing the question of the speed of lights limits one quickly and repeatedly hits intellectual impasse and obstruction called Dark Matter and Energy which defines the cosmological constant and the singular ability to cause curvature in light. Thus Dark Matter has become evident to my mind as to why light travels slower in a liquid in the micro, and also perfectly explains in the macro over time and space why light passes so slowly through distant galaxies verses so comparatively fast right past them.
Bacterial expansion and growth can be observed and measured over Space Time to account for the 'Spooky Action at a Distance' of celestial bodies, and should get rid of 'special relativity' if Bacteria is accounted for as Dark Matter in math terms which are clear and becoming more focused with more examples thundering into clarity daily in need of addition to this ever growing tract. The nuts and bolts of the quantum dynamic math that are galloping along of the path the speed of sound to focus the mind so as to not get trammeled by the causation of the limit of light speed of light -- so as to be understood by myself and then explained to the thundering herd that follows this topic and racing in general that in terms of 'horse sense' that 'power' can be explained in elementally when it is understood as that; "The speed of the leader determines the rate of the pack." -- c/o a quotation and the logic contained therein from the noted Horseman D. Wayne Lukas.
Connecting that to a 'quanta' of light moving as fast as function of its weakest link. A yin yang thing that will be the gist of this between the lines discussion of attempting to figure out what is 'in the shadow' of the unknown, that produces a speed limit on light, by using the light of the known world to begin to understand what is unknown by the process of reverse electrical engineering with research and imagination to understand how expansion on a Universal scale runs organically by the power of light to go to fro a solar powered source to nitrogen bacterial blooming engine whose waste gases goes boom as that matter morphs by means the phase transition over space and time so as to explain and understanding the process shown above in terms of Dark Matter care of the powers the gas and waters technology h2O and N02 + Hydrogen to form the Universal fuel system as well fluid for the transmission of radiant energy by means of turning the gears of the water cycle and thus the gears of the wheels of life in a expanding Universe; well then that is my hypothesis with the assembled 'organic material' being the ingredients that (in) forms the rational basis for the abstract intuitive logic of my thinking and writing on this subject.
The energy that makes this Universal "long story -- longer" is electric and has a organic component as well logic that follows: IF light is know to be Electric in a natural world (as A.E. explained), THEN it must have a organic component to run the physics that limits its speed in flight between the solar and or artificial source and the Planet or object on which it fall as observable light. THEREFORE because there is a light cycle (side note to self from Justice Lewis Brandeis who tells us "Sunshine is the best disinfectant", ergo [there are bands of that light have power which is the gamma band=> golden garlic bread chicken soup + the rot resistance of cedar + the disinfecting and health power of citrus that run and a vector of the intense power of the fine slice of the Sun]), HENCE there must be in the above rainbow water and something organic to make it so, which is 'rooted in' the atomic core of Bacteria. Let us call it for the purposes of this argument; photons, water vapor, bands of colored bacteria in photo bloom, being bent by the atmosphere of the Earth, and coming home to roost as a beam from the Sun slowed only by its water born cyanobacterial load which for a long time was understood to be the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_%28classical_element%29 holding bonds of light as they are scattered in a bow over Earths atmosphere arched into spectral rain band bits for your close consideration and visual pleasure.
THEREFORE let us reason and think along the logical lines of words on the subject left by Tesla who was generally antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy. Tesla was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity as evidenced by the two paragraph quotation below from a statement made and found in the Tesla Publications + wikipedia and extracted in long form below -- quote Tesla;
"I hold that space cannot be curved, for the simple reason that it can have no properties. It might as well be said that God has properties. He has not, but only attributes and these are of our own making. Of properties we can only speak when dealing with matter filling the space. To say that in the presence of large bodies space becomes curved is equivalent to stating that something can act upon nothing. I, for one, refuse to subscribe to such a view."
"Tesla claimed to have developed his own physical principle regarding matter and energy that he started working on in 1892 and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity" that "[would] put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space". He stated that the theory was "worked out in all details" and that he hoped to soon give it to the world. Further elucidation of his theory was never found in his writings." -
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Publications
The words thoughts and reflected works of Tesla do however leave some evidence of his condensed views on 'matter'. Tesla's talent and ability as a big 'picture thinker' who was able to understand and comprehend through mechanical means harness the power of the natural world's organic 'shape shifting' by means technology before anybody else and thus pave the way for much of the 20th century technology by means his work in applied science and industry.
The up and down shots of which to this theory are written in stone and, then as subtext to another image of mine that goes that addresses the nature of our EXPANDING planet in a expanding Universe in whack at the General Unified Theory as it pertains to the Dinosaurs, Climate and such on 'channel'; www.flickr.com/photos/tremain_calm/5018015234/in/set-7215...
Looking deeper for a the full spectrum explanation the inner workings of the above photograph of a rainbow by means of attempting to conduct a aspect of the fabled 'light thought experiment' where by light is seen to be comprised of the dynamic function the sum of its 1) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_%28signal_processing%29 such that the whole ship being a function of its parts (bandwidth ) processes that unevenly weighted load of different types of light which in essence a function as whole ship of the sum of its parts sailing only as fast its 2) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_speed permits over "the rubbery membrane" of Space Time in terms of E=mc2 to form "Gods Own Brand™ of interstellar Universal en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit formed by a en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_wave acting on the and with the capacity of the receiver to form electric charge that gives off the glow of the photon to the point of en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuit along the lines of predictable atomic results (lighting/sparks) , if any given circuit becomes over heated to the point of shorting out -- and either 'breaking the Gammow Window' by hitting the Gamma burst of energy needed to do so, or - going to bits c/o Black Hole Energy run in Hawking's Radiation by means of so much local atomic riot to move matter on its way though a quantum tunnel in the rotary evaporative distillation process of matter/quarks going 'home'.
Case in point that illustrates my thinking with the following example in 'light' of the news that "After 7 billion years of travel, high and low energy photons arrive at NASA's Fermi spacecraft a mere 900ms apart, suggesting that space-time isn't the bubbly foam of quantum theory but seems closer to Einstein's smooth rubbery membrane"* because the light beam consisting of high and, low energy photon particle pairing reaches what amounts to a state of terminal velocity 'relatively speaking' that of the mass of equivalence of the sun that is a boat of a 'certain size' at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_speed as form of metaphorical analogy. Light is just pure essence on its way to and fro substance in the way of making and breaking the Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen bonds to run those cycles over space-time to run a Universe by means of applied color theory of same to dark matter and energy - as the heat and light of matter being burnt, and the 'star stuff' that fuels the combustion process in perpetuity on account of the 'breeder reactor' construction of the 'plants' that collectively power the Universes quantum mechanics to engineer the self fueling and self expansion dynamically as 'features and benefits' of a well designed comprehensively thought out expanding organic operating system found in Nature.
Back sailing and thinking at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_speed to consider that any given beam or ray of light as being a metaphorical ship of made 'of a certain size' (or frequency if you will) of E=MC2 which can travel only so fast due to the limits of it physical constituent parts against each other and time and space; ergo , and by extenuation -- a beam of light move only so fast due to the inherent drag of its content of high and low energy photons moving in 'push-me-pull-you' +/- (particles) to form waves to weave the smooth grid that is the matrix of Space and Time that has been confirmed to confirm Einsteins thinking with measurement; www.space.com/15297-gamma-rays-prove-einstein-space-time-...
Another way to 'see' hull speed is by analogy furnished from the experience of a 'round the world sailor' who wrote a serious book on the subject; Donald Street Jr.'s thoughts on hull speed contained in his book; "The Ocean Sailing Yacht", fully illustrate in words my point on the limiting factor of mass moving through space and the factor of 'drag' created by space itself -- as we see the world in the slow motion quantum mechanics of big boat sailing with the composite of so 'much mass equivalence' in the form and function of the thoughts expressed so precisely in the 1973 1st Edition on p.58 : "Whole books have been written about hull speed. In brief, there is a transverse wave system which shows itself along the side of the hull (beam of light) in a series of crests. Having measured the distance between crests, either on board or from a photograph, one can obtain a quite accurate estimate of speed… . The length of the wave (distance between the crests) is the most limiting factor in the speed of a boat. Once the length of the boat, the bow and stern are supported by the wave crests, but nothing supports the middle of the boat, and she tends to squat. In effect, she digs a hole and sits in it.
At various times, in the West Indies, I have actually experienced extreme squatting. At about 8.6 or 8.8 knots Iolarire throws a high bow wave, a deep trough develops amidships, and the stern wave comes piling on board. She has dug a hold and is sitting in it." -- Don Street Jr.
Same holds I believe for the constituent bands of a beam of light/the above rainbow. There is a basic interplay that results in photons electrical chemical drag through the foam of space -- by my logical reckoning.
The inherent power in this 'static' process, of the created by the energy that moves 'standing waves' that we see as beams of light moving at a set finite speed over time and space -- account for the fullness of the rainbow and therefore its bits in terms of the sum of a given beams of lights total 'Band Width' across the spectrum, which is tantamount to its capacity as expressed in water moving through a given pipe diameter analogy//also see hull speed as to why the flow of light is finite and at terminal velocity from any single source whereby space time is the governor of brightness before heat is turned to light to matter (liquids/solids/life) to anti-matter (broken atomic bonds, stored in the spores of fungus, molds, and mildew, (which enable combustion) and back again in a cycle that can not be over run in terms of relative speed or space (w/o resorting to the proverbial next larger atomic grade hammer, in the process of the running of combustion grades of way water cooled en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis {see my forthcoming book; "Boiler Plate"}.
As a result and consequence of this insight space time becomes a relatively two way street when it comes to energy exchange going and coming around via light and the making/breaking of the Hydrogen bond to complete the C/N/O cycles -- and somehow in the process resolving the faint young star paradox, by returning matter/energy/atomic bonds of some type to the stars as a result of the light they shine to re-power them to a relative extent.
Evidence of this: "Two way street" and or sided cosmic coin source receptor, water memory maker by means the foam of the water of the fabric of the waves that make and break
Time and Space are written prima facie as the hard evidence of the working of the Natural world, as demonstrated by the workings of Nature™ as evidenced by Einstein winning a Nobel prize for figuring out and explaining that Light contained electricity which explains how the Universe transmits its power over Time and Space. This discovering how light contains atomic electric Energy is evidence of the Dark Material common denominator the power of the sun to run the gears of photosynthesis as well basic animal biology -- all power by sunlight, and, the elements, mixed over the waves of the Big Surf of Space and Time.
I reason that everything must be related and connected, as the title of Einstein's most famous book and theory suggest on the basis of; "Relativity" -- radically organically so (as opposed to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity so) , to be understood (with the 'arrow of time' stuck through both side of the coin of) , the macro and the micro, are being continuously flipped according to Game Theory on the basis of the Energy input squared.
Therefore the Speed of light is finite and set because that is the 'capacity' of a prism when the light is broken down to its constituent wavelengths and parts as a function of its wave movement) in terms of bandwidth. This can be calculated in terms of 'hull speed'. once all the variables are known; as it pertains to all matters of half life, in terms of sunlight and heat exposure I strongly theorize and, suspect.
Concluding that therefore the entire Universe acts as one vast multi-layered super massive en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit literally and figuratively and as the heretofore missing metaphor for understanding (my [misinformed and or original]point of how) the light source and every single one of its constituent contact points that it hits causing effects on those atoms and their bonds with photon impacts on half lives as light does 'its stuff' it is limited in relation to and therefore accounting for en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation (and derivative impressive equations for each resultant data point compete with radiance and heat transfer) My last two bits of thoughts on this matter to the account of the project of reverse engineering a thought experiment to see into the reality of Gods own en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_%28music%29 but more importantly I see the Earth, Stars and all life between and beyond as governed by en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_evaporation and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_%28particle_physics%29 in conjunction with wrapping ones head fully around the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate .
Observing for the 'record' here and now, that in this macro en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate it stands to reason that like Einstein imagining 'being the light', or riding it, is the only way understanding the substance and the essence of the stuff of Spaghetti/String theory; www.flickr.com/photos/tremain_calm/4595157229/in/set-7215... may be the ticket to understanding the General Unified Theory of how 'the light' manages the journey and magic to power a Universe by means a gear that is named tuna fish that is 'Star-Kissed' in into the macromolecules of top of the food chain fuel nutritional matter that brim with energy that can and does daily transmit the knowledge which makes material science and organic chemistry go round the sun and off to black holes to be reprocessed back to atomic square one in the stuff of a proverbial '1000 new suns', that will shine in a future so remote as to be theoretically beyond me such that my head spins -- now if only somebody could manage to slow down some relative atomic tops from turning long enough to examine and analyze the particles involved in the werks when 'chilled' in the micro, well hell congratulated them on the (2012) Nobel Physics Prize Serge Haroche, of the Collège de France and the École Normale Supérieure, and David J. Wineland National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado; nyti.ms/2tEbiBH
"Have a Cigar" -- > E.g ( youtu.be/8PKHYDqxEAE ) Rosebud edition -- to that group of big tuna thinkers who worked so well the fine detail and sharp angles of this part of the Science Problem Set™ -- solved.
The gearbox of which finds light unable to move any faster than the set and degree of ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement of its atomic bonds, which therefore limits light because it is a physical atomic thing and can not be forced to move faster than its 'weakest atomic link' and or a matter of -- square peg, round holes marching through space making light -- no hammer in the universe big enough to smash atoms, and their bonds up their own rear end, so to speak, w/o lighting, etc. -- otherwise that logically that light get made into water that can find its way into a hydrocarbon which contains VOC's which can and do disappear into some sort of 'black hole', which would seem to stand to reason based on the proto-physics of the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole an or color it what I perceive is as so much 'liquid sunshine' coming down on Desert rainbows powered by the Sun, Moon, and Stars working in 'concert' and in a to form a closed loop en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_circuit that has a outlet for expansion by means of a en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion loops, that makes possible the range of pleasing Purple Hazes we all have come to know in the audio and visual realm, in matter and 'in my brain' [the missing 4% of the Universe being lost in individual and collective thought {given.-) "words are the only thing that last forever" ... as E.g. in stone; flic.kr/p/hLd1Sk .
One last couple of wonders -- if''n that rainbow does not have something to do with ones capacity to witness (but predicated on completely understanding) the effects of en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lensing and the upshot for the speed of distant light speed that might be contained in the 'bandwidth' and bonds of the rainbow, I do believe, there is another angel which is this thought that I am still hanging onto which is 2 cents bet on the proverbial "'Billion Dollar Question" and offered for the group minds collective consideration as 'bugs' being the micro to macro Universal Dark Material key to under standing the physics and organic chemistry of the combustion and food chains of and biological life unlocked and comprehended.
If the General Unified Theory is to be successfully reconstructed from the currently constructed model so as to be a reality based version that checks with Theory in addition to the ingredients of Nature and facts of Matter by constructing a micro/macro perpetual motion machine to resemble the Universe such as the one I reside, requires the basic building blocks upon which it operates to be produced by Bacteria as the agent of running the Nitrogen cycle such that the Oxygen cycle also functions to produce Carbon thus life as we know it is off to a flying start with some subatomic particles to be understood to perhaps travel faster than the speed of light, as suggested by the latest experimentation/loose plug/threads of Theoretical Physics of the days of yore; which I am still following below as a matter of academic interest.
My reasoning is as follows: If neutrinos travel at the speed of light. There MUST be a faster moving object to possibly conceptually cause motion beCause in order to see/be 'LIGHT' there must be a Newtonian CAUSE acting upon that which powers the quanta and photons, and electricity that is contained and travels that IS the 'light' in each and every instance over time and space.
The action of some phase of the gamma cycle 'spooling up' the energy needed which I believe is a release of Dark Matter combusted in a 2 cycle movement which I theorize act as the precursor and cause of what moves the PHOTONS to the ON position which enable us to observe the phenomenon that is 'the light', from any sun, bulb, or source according to Laws, equations notions and historical group (open) mind frame of reference of Newton/Einstein/Bethe/Hoyle. It is a process-- if one goes 'thought experimental' on each possible instance of light. It is a carbon and water fest with out whacking the photons with a FTL spark there is no light. I suspect the faster the FTL 'flash' the more action on the photon 'bang', and hence the brighter the light -- is in some bulbs/stars are brighter than others.
InSide Note: This FTL aspect of the 'big picture' presented here is the only one the there is any level of self doubt about but is presented anyway for the sake of 'putting it out there' conceptually as part of this picture if it makes any better sense a result at some future date or with better resources than mine.
Continuing to report and reason that it is the role of subatomic to be named later but we know Bacteria is Dark Matter and Energy (in a version of this (following the; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon line of reasoning) that to serve as the precursor to the photon in the operation of the Gamma Cycle™ as a mechanism for the making breaking of the hydrogen bond in the CNO cycle in a process of here on earth localized en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosynthesis (think time over space of a baking oven, in conjunction with a digestive track to power life; its en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis doing the functionality of what I term the 'condensed stellar variety' (according to: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle) as opposed to the supernova nucleosynthetic super-sized variety, however it is appears on 'steady state', and one in the same subatomic processes, powered by the same, 'garden variety' cosmic rays, coming and going around via the Gamma (ray) Cycle sending hydrogen and helium back from the planets to power the Sun (perhaps I theorize resolving) the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faint_young_sun_paradox. I'm calling "Dark Matter™ for the purpose of the construct of this version of the Universe the family of bacteria that binds N20 to carbon, completing-enabling that critical side of the combustion equation. By coming to understanding how Dark Matter allows the Energy of the core of cyanobacteria quarks to be 'beamed' by light as the atomic 'brains' of bacteria as bands of electric light and water falling water into the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_sea , I am able to 'abide' to see the role of CyanoBacteria kick starting breath on Earth, and keeping it going as the proto-stuff of hydrocarbons, now and forever in a N2O bound loop with the Sun as its 'atomic twin' by means of what Steven Hawking and Co. describe as the power of the unpaired quark forever seeking it mate with great power over the distance of Space and Time such that the rejoinder of quarks is the 'back hammer/jackhammer' of matter getting re-bonded such that birds and fish can find the way back to their 'atomic square one' for the purposes of migration, and internal combustion technology is possible in by this line of material logical reasoning.
From which the following the atomic bonds of the food chain as I have come to understand its works and construction by doing the organic chemical reverse engineering of the worlds food supply (or some portion thereof) as a for instance, to compute the "food math" (of water per ton to make/bind a commodities Mass Equivalence/composition) that reveal the binding forces and stored in matter that are the result I hypothesis of: GAMMA/XRAY CYCLES™ working as the atomic binding force of the mass of the universe that also provides its movement with energy, in a closed loop system re-powered by the hydrogen/helium burned by the sun as light + the carbon/nitrogen/oxygen cycles and the supremely important hydrogen bond being broken up and down the food chain, as a ladder action holding the show together an a return run back to the Sun, in the completion of carbon/nitrogen cycles, working in conjunctions with all the forces and a stew of the elements, to bring us life as we know it past present and future; is my bid to describe the missing cosmic cog that runs the 3-4 ring circus of reality, like a watch, which we can time our perception and measure what I attempt to make sense so that science can find a subatomic on the same 'wavelength' that beats light and heat to the 'on' via this atomic chain reaction of logic which rambles/soars to/fro near book length in anther space in time which goes on to explain in detail why birds flock and don't crash, and fish schools move in synch via the radio power of this far fetched but mildly plausible 'radio'logical scheme. Perhaps it is the speed of light 'radio power control' that runs the fish and birds; but that does not so much matter as the fact that they 'are what they ate' which puts them on the same 'wavelength' in conjunction with their genome. Run by the power of the sun which is re-spun via by my thinking and logic the vector of the Gamma Cycle being run to completion by the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_effect such that Bacterial or other single cellular source as vector + a noted Higgs field generator of mass in the movement of the atomic energy of the sun through of the food chain, from the depths of the ocean to mountain tops to the Sun -- the gasses made by bacteria power this not all together random 'Shot in the dark' from the Nevada Desert: conceptually FTL -- the 'boom' resides in the land of the fast, and fast thinking, E.g.; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThrustSSC where I happen to vacation and reside part time, so as to - - - be able to have the space to - - - - think to conclude with the thought that the terminal velocity of light the rainbow, and thus light is caused as a function of the 'Bacterial load' in the atmosphere which acts as a dynamic brake on its bands moving through time which curve under the load of close examination and the earths atmosphere to reveal the essence of Dark Matter at the key to combustion and life by its role in water and gas as understood to be only made by Bacteria as the missing link in the Universal combustion chain of command, as I piece the puzzle together with the given pieces to compete it above with out resorting to new ones.
*Which is analogous to a light bending sugar or salt water at different temperature** in the micro due to the atomic 'economic activity' of bacteria in light, which also very well explains the Dark Matter mystery at the Macro over the light years of Space Time by the same process of combustion by bacterial growth cycles of the C/N/O chain running those worlds we watch turn over time and space long past such that star stuff might be even viewed as "bacterial molasses electric liquid sunshine shows/welcome to the machines -- that can't be rushed, 'two steps forward, one step back, as so much fertilizer" as a metaphorical explanation of the quantum dynamics of a given beam of light, such that it undergoes the same relative braking action whether passing though distant galaxy in the macro, a drop of water in the micro - explained by the quantum mechanics of its bands, source, and therefore how it behaves by curving in any relative 'field' of material - this is my understanding of Science today.
** Notes/data points to consider on the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometer as a Dark Matter meter for consideration of Bacteria as Dark Matter in space. One must think about the science, or it might just hit you as it did me -- and my attempt to explain might be well enough by the end of this photo set or at any given data point that crossed with your lives learning and mine such that I invested in this aspect of this project thus far.
"Temperature has a very important influence on the refractive index measurement . Therefore, the temperature of the prism and the temperature of the sample have to be controlled with high precision. There are several subtly different designs for controlling the temperature but there are some key factors common to all such as high precision temperature sensors and Peltier devices to control the temperature of the sample and the prism. The temperature control accuracy of these devices should be designed so that the variation in sample temperature is small enough that it will not cause a detectable refractive index change."
Thanks for reading, and seeking to see by your own light this explanation of expansion and growth of Dark Matter and Energy in a expanding Universe which filling perceptual vacuum of space with a fresh set of data points in processing, as the best possible explanation of cosmic expansion in terms of Light, Dark Matter and Energy = 'Grey Matter' which is so much life being made possible by the interplay of the nuclear material of the Phylogenetic tree burning to bring the light while explaining how the grow the Universe at the variable speed of -1 which is not constant see graphic and apply this logic to the fluctuations inherent in the construct presented (albeit, minus the above Dark Material variable) in Darkness on the Edge of the Universe
By BRIAN GREENE Published: January 15, 2011) www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/opinion/16greene.html?scp=6&am...
Some disagree and say Dark Matter is immaterial to science. I respectful disagree, and attempt to provide additional information in order to assist with understanding how my view came to be on this subject and if there is not some common ground as more data is generated in understanding how perspective can never stay the same as per the logic contained in a draconian application of the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation to a unwillingness to see the shadow of comprehension of the 'Big Picture' as being painted by reflections on the flip side of the micro being organic in Nature and, therefore the Universe.
That the same transformation that powers the light switch where I might find enough between my ears to communicate the understanding that the bugs have been digesting themselves into energy per this chart; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:080998_Universe_Content_240.jpg
If in the words of Bronowski* (a quote which fell from heaven/ and the keyboard of Peter on linked on Theoretical Physics Group discussion)
That; “All science is the search for unity in hidden likenesses.”
- as being understood to be what makes the world go round in the compost heap, vineyard, inn, industry in any constellation whichever side or corner of the Universe from which the Light expands our understanding by means of the power of deep thought in pondering dark matter producing 'grey matter' which is consciousness that understands the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_principle which is in essence in the words of Andrew Liddle puts it, "the cosmological principle [means that] the universe looks the same whoever and wherever you are." Hence the grass is not 'greener' or made of substantively something else in another galaxy, therefore Dark Matter, and Energy 'is what it is' the immutable atomic information of 'microorganisms' cycling at relative light speed as so many 'cups of tea', or conceptual coffee, 'primordial soup' to perhaps nuts -- or maybe, just maybe, the 'hidden likeness' is before us in the form of Microorganisms nuclear core that manufacture the chemical 'blocks' the comprise the fabric of Space and Time in the macro as 'made so' by Matter which is the two side of the coin of light and life.
Sounds so familiar, and simple to me; then again being from Missouri, nothing is obvious until you lead and or 'show me' with quantum formal paradoxical inventors logic -- what is so dark materially obvious that has been glaring me in the face that; 'if it were a snake it would have bit me.'
Notes -
Dark Matter as Dynamic; phys.org/news/2012-11-dark-energy-static-dynamic.html Microwave data derived from; www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130114092551.htmwith the light, sound, and, energy of health wisdom, that beget enlightenment.
(Rev. for clarity and minor content May 9, 2018)
'long answer short' -- with a string of comments to complete the notion following that are in want of integration into the body of this text, and or a editor/publisher -- but not having any expectations other than to be found to be more or less correct on the basic logic here in the long run.
Thanks to Dream 11 aka John Blunt for the Artwork 'interpretation' contribution on and to my photo taken on the Black Rock Desert at a Arts Festival we have attended together over the years, this one taken several years ago. Also for his reading my work and giving me feedback in writing which provoked some insight for which I thank and credit him.
www.britishscienceassociation.org/blog/the-ascent-of-jaco...
No real history on this one, but I've had it marked on my map for a while. Luckily on the way home yesterday on my drive, I was out by this beauty of a sculpture/art. I'd love to know the reasoning behind it.
By the mid 1950's, the x-ray machine, to view how your feet fit into your new shoes,
was removed from stores. The reasoning being that unnecessary x-rays were harmful to a person.
True or false? Who can tell. But I have to say, it certainly was a very cool thing.
My shoe store had to have one, though.
Austin Strobist Group
This is my best guess @ strobist info - Anyone who helped set this up and knows the exact settings / reasoning please correct.
Strobist info:
60" softlighter with a monolight in it camera right as main
1 SB800 on camera right w/ a gobo between strobe and camera to block flare - I think the purpose of this strobe as to provide some specular highlighting on the couch and to give a bit of rim light
SB800 on camera left to illuminate the back curtain and also give some fill on the left.
Model: Michelle Christina (MM#496680)
LA Fashion Week Spring 2009 - October 2008
Alright I'm here to disspell some of these misconceptions about these two rifle. Both rifles have their place in history. But both come with their strengths and weaknesses. I'm not say one gun is better then the other but I'm saying no rifle is perfect, even the almighty AK. I want you all to take time to read this, and get rid of your prejudice against these rifles. Now time for some Pro's and Con's.
M16 Pro's:
-Lightweight
-Very ergonomical
-A large after market behind this rifle
-Great for medium to long range shooting
-Controllable
-Fit into almost any role
-Great out of the box rifle
-Reliable, if you know what to do
Con's:
-Small caliber
-Tight Tolerances
-Unreliable if the operator is un-knowledgeable
-Unreliable feed from magazine (but there are fixes out there)
-Bit more complex, takes more time to train and individual on the weapon
Civilian models start at $650
Ak Pro's:
-Loose tolerances
-Heavy Caliber
-Very Reliable
-Construction
-Great out of the box rifle
-Easy to assemble and to disassemble
-Easy to mass produce
-Easy to use
Con's:
-Short range weapon, it's not that it's inaccurate, it's the sights aren't set up properly
-Sights (Difficult to pick up quickly, too far away from the eye)
-Not ergonomical
-Public has a bad view of them (seen as the bad guy weapon)
-Not very accurate on full auto
-Construction (Sharp edges, fire selector rubs a lot on the receiver)
Civilian models start at $450
Both the rifles are great and both were designed to fit the original country of origins mentality, The Soviet Union wanted to train and equip a large number of individuals and the USA wanted to give their troops a light firearm. There is no such thing as the perfect rifle, it will never exist. Now feel free to leave you're own input on this subject.....But be WARNED any flaming, bitching, or if any fights start out I will delete your comments and you will be brought to the mods attention. Understand? Lets keep this civil. If you want me to explain any of me reasoning in depth I will just be SPECIFIC on what you want me to clarify.
By know means will I cover every aspect of these two rifles, I want this to be used as a reference for anyone considering purchasing these weapons or operating them. And to stop all the bias about them, I put my aside after hearing professional input and handling each one.
Edit 1: (Steelers) The small caliber is a benefit, you can carry more, it's what makes it accurate and it creates massive internal damage.
Edit 2: (Крис Helghast Grenadier) and also, the AK47 was designed in russia in WWII to combat the Sturmgewehr, and has a barrel length of 16.34 inches with a large round traveling through it.
the m16 has a barrel length of 20 inches, and has a smaller round, so it has 2 accuracy things over the AK, which was really made for close quarter automatic fire.
Edit 3: (Travis-The Sweetwater Bro) The 7.62X39 is what creates ridiculous internal damage. Its heavier girth and lower velocity makes it tumble inside the body and creates a cavity effect which leaves a fist sized hole out the back. Thats how this round kills-blunt trauma.
The 5.56 is slimmer and faster-it cleanly slices through the body and tissue. The reason it kills is because, as with any other bullet, it cause massive internal bleeding and organ damage.
The small caliber is lighter and cheaper to mass produce.
The AK is heavier and more of a grunt weapon. Its rough and tough but falls short in range, rate of fire, mobility, weight, modularity, etc.
Thats the trouble with firearms companies creating weapons to replace the armalite series. They're all trying to do something Colt did 40 some years ago. Theyre all producing something that does the same job as the M4/M16 but costs twice as much.
Edit 4: (URBANrecon) A level/class 3 M4 or M16 is very reliable. If you don't know what a level/class 3 weapon is its a Loaded weapon with muzzle cover (weather it be 100mph tape or a barrel cap, anything tight fitting) with a loaded magazine and no round in the chamber.
Edit 5: (URBANrecon) Now another thing with these two rifles is both guns require lubing. Just the M4 is a bit more precise, which qualifies it for a lot more TLC. The AK has much looser tolerances which allow it to be abused more. Now if the barrel of either of the guns are clogged with mud neither will fire, simple as that (calm voice). With precautions and foresight the M4 can reduce its.....malfunctions. The AK if left unattended to for quite some time will also fall ill to these malfunctions, just not as quick.
Edit 6: (URBANrecon) The AK has a longer magazine which raises the prone stance of the shooter. Which kinda defeats one purpose of the prone stance, the ability to minimize your silhouette.
Edit 7: (URBANrecon) The rifle is only as good as the operator.
Edit 8: (Toryu) *Scroll down to see picture*
The Postcard
A postally unused Post Office Picture Card Series. On the divided back of the card is printed:
'Children (United Nations Year
of the Child).
(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland).
Reproduced from a stamp designed
by Edward Hughes ARCA FSIAD
and issued by the Post Office on the
18th. July 1979.
Postcard Price 8p.'
Charles Dodgson
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer of children's fiction, notably 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' and its sequel 'Through the Looking-Glass'.
He was noted for his facility with word play, logic, and fantasy. The poems 'Jabberwocky' and 'The Hunting of the Snark' are classified in the genre of literary nonsense.
Charles was also a mathematician, photographer, inventor, and Anglican deacon.
Carroll came from a family of high-church Anglicans, and developed a long relationship with Christ Church, Oxford, where he lived for most of his life as a scholar and teacher.
Alice Liddell, daughter of the Dean of Christ Church, Henry Liddell, is widely identified as the original for Alice in Wonderland, though Carroll always denied this.
Scholars are divided about whether his relationship with children included an erotic component.
In 1982, a memorial stone to Carroll was unveiled in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. There are Lewis Carroll societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works.
-- Charles Dodgson - The Early Years
Dodgson's family was predominantly northern English, conservative and high-church Anglican. Most of Dodgson's male ancestors were army officers or Church of England clergy.
His paternal grandfather Charles Dodgson had been an army captain, killed in action in Ireland in 1803 when his two sons were hardly more than babies. The older of these sons – yet another Charles Dodgson – was Carroll's father. He went to Westminster School and then to Christ Church, Oxford.
Lewis Carroll's father reverted to the other family tradition and took holy orders. He was mathematically gifted, and won a double first degree, which could have been the prelude to a brilliant academic career. Instead, he married his first cousin Frances Jane Lutwidge in 1830 and became a country parson.
Dodgson was born on the 27th. January 1832 in All Saints' Vicarage at Daresbury, Cheshire, the eldest boy and the third child. Eight more children followed. When Charles was 11, his father was given the living of Croft-on-Tees in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and the whole family moved to the spacious rectory. This remained their home for the next 25 years.
Charles's father was an active and highly conservative cleric of the Church of England who later became the Archdeacon of Richmond and involved himself in the intense religious disputes that were dividing the church. He was high church, inclining toward Anglo-Catholicism. Young Charles was to develop an ambivalent relationship with his father's values, and with the Church of England as a whole.
-- Charles Dodgson's Education
During his early youth, Dodgson was educated at home. His "reading lists" preserved in the family archives testify to a precocious intellect: at the age of seven, he was reading books such as The Pilgrim's Progress.
He also spoke with a stammer - a condition shared by most of his siblings - that often inhibited his social life throughout his years. At the age of twelve he was sent to Richmond Grammar School in Richmond, North Yorkshire.
-- Charles Dodgson at Rugby
In 1846, Dodgson entered Rugby School where he was evidently unhappy, as he wrote some years after leaving:
"I cannot say that any earthly considerations would
induce me to go through my three years again. I can
honestly say that if I could have been secure from
annoyance at night, the hardships of the daily life
would have been comparative trifles to bear."
Dodgson did not claim he suffered from bullying, but cited little boys as the main targets of older bullies at Rugby. Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, who was Dodgson's nephew, wrote that:
"Even though it is hard for those who have only
known him as the gentle and retiring don to
believe it, it is nevertheless true that long after
he left school, his name was remembered as that
of a boy who knew well how to use his fists in
defence of a righteous cause, which was the
protection of the smaller boys."
Scholastically, though, he excelled with apparent ease. Mathematics master R. B. Mayor observed:
"I have not had a more promising boy
at his age since I came to Rugby."
The mathematics textbook that the young Dodgson used was
Francis Walkingame's 'The Tutor's Assistant; Being a Compendium of Arithmetic.' It still survives and contains an inscription in Latin, which translates as:
"This book belongs to Charles
Lutwidge Dodgson: hands off!"
Some pages also included annotations such as the one found on page 129, where he wrote "Not a fair question in decimals" next to a question.
-- Charles Dodgson at Oxford
Charles left Rugby at the end of 1849 and matriculated at the University of Oxford in May 1850 as a member of his father's old college, Christ Church.
He went into residence in January 1851. He had been at Oxford only two days when he received a summons home. His mother had died of "inflammation of the brain" - perhaps meningitis or a stroke - at the age of 47.
Charles' early academic career veered between high promise and irresistible distraction. He did not always work hard, but was exceptionally gifted, and achievement came easily to him.
In 1852, he obtained first-class honours in Mathematics Moderations, and was shortly thereafter nominated to a Studentship by his father's old friend Canon Edward Pusey.
In 1854, he obtained first-class honours in the Final Honours School of Mathematics, standing first on the list, graduating Bachelor of Arts. He remained at Christ Church studying and teaching, but the next year he failed an important scholarship through his self-confessed inability to apply himself to study.
Even so, his talent as a mathematician won him the Christ Church Mathematical Lectureship in 1855, which he continued to hold for the next 26 years. Despite early unhappiness,
Dodgson was to remain at Christ Church, in various capacities, until his death, including that of Sub-Librarian of the Christ Church library, where his office was close to the Deanery, where Alice Liddell lived.
-- Charles Dodgson's Health Issues
As a very young child, Charles suffered a fever that left him deaf in one ear. At the age of 17, he suffered a severe attack of whooping cough, which was probably responsible for his chronically weak chest in later life. In early childhood, he acquired a stammer, which he referred to as his "hesitation"; it remained throughout his life.
The young adult Charles Dodgson was about 6 feet (1.83 m) tall and slender, with curly brown hair and blue or grey eyes (depending on the account). He was described in later life as somewhat asymmetrical, and as carrying himself rather stiffly and awkwardly, although this might be on account of a knee injury sustained in middle age.
-- Charles Dodgson's Stammer
The stammer has always been a significant part of the image of Dodgson. While one apocryphal story says that he stammered only in adult company and was free and fluent with children, there is no evidence to support this idea. Many children of his acquaintance remembered the stammer, while many adults failed to notice it.
Dodgson himself seems to have been far more acutely aware of it than most people whom he met; it is said that he caricatured himself as the Dodo in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, referring to his difficulty in pronouncing his last name, but this is one of the many supposed facts often repeated for which no first-hand evidence remains.
He did indeed refer to himself as the dodo, but whether or not this reference was to his stammer is simply speculation.
Dodgson's stammer did trouble him, but it was never so debilitating that it prevented him from applying his other personal qualities to do well in society. He lived in a time when people commonly devised their own amusements, and when singing and recitation were required social skills, the young Dodgson was well equipped to be an engaging entertainer.
He reportedly could sing tolerably well, and was not afraid to do so before an audience. He was adept at mimicry and storytelling, and was reputedly quite good at charades.
-- Charles Dodgson's Social Connections
In the interim between his early published writings and the success of the Alice books, Dodgson began to move in the pre-Raphaelite social circle. He first met John Ruskin in 1857 and became friendly with him.
Around 1863, he developed a close relationship with Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his family. He would often take pictures of the family in the garden of the Rossetti's house in Chelsea. He also knew William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais, among other artists.
Charles knew fairy-tale author George MacDonald well - in fact it was the enthusiastic reception of Alice by the young MacDonald children that persuaded him to submit the work for publication.
-- Charles Dodgson's Politics, Religion, and Philosophy
In broad terms, Dodgson has traditionally been regarded as politically, religiously, and personally conservative. Martin Gardner labelled Dodgson as:
"A Tory who was awed by lords and
inclined to be snobbish towards
inferiors".
The Reverend W. Tuckwell, in his Reminiscences of Oxford (1900), regarded him as:
"Austere, shy, precise, absorbed in mathematical
reverie, watchfully tenacious of his dignity, stiffly
conservative in political, theological, social theory,
his life mapped out in squares like Alice's landscape".
Dodgson was ordained as a deacon in the Church of England on the 22nd. December 1861. In 'The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll', the editor states that:
"His Diary is full of such modest depreciations of
himself and his work, interspersed with earnest
prayers (too sacred and private to be reproduced
here) that God would forgive him the past, and
help him to perform His holy will in the future."
When a friend asked him in 1897 about his religious views, Dodgson wrote in response that he was a member of the Church of England, but doubted if he was fully a 'High Churchman'. He added:
"I believe that when you and I come to lie down
for the last time, if only we can keep firm hold of
the great truths Christ taught us - our own utter
worthlessness and His infinite worth; and that He
has brought us back to our one Father, and made
us His brethren, and so brethren to one another -
we shall have all we need to guide us through the
shadows.
Most assuredly I accept to the full the doctrines
you refer to - that Christ died to save us, that we
have no other way of salvation open to us but
through His death, and that it is by faith in Him,
and through no merit of ours, that we are
reconciled to God; and most assuredly I can
cordially say I owe all to Him who loved me, and
died on the Cross of Calvary."
Dodgson also expressed interest in other fields. He was an early member of the Society for Psychical Research, and one of his letters suggests that he accepted as real what was then called 'thought reading.'
In 1895, Charles developed an argument on deductive reasoning in his article 'What the Tortoise Said to Achilles', which appeared in one of the early volumes of Mind. The article was reprinted in the same journal a hundred years later in 1995, with a subsequent article by Simon Blackburn entitled 'Practical Tortoise Raising.'
-- Charles Dodgson's Literary and Artistic Activities
From a young age, Dodgson wrote poetry and short stories, contributing heavily to the family magazine Mischmasch and later sending them to various magazines, enjoying moderate success.
Some time after 1850, he wrote puppet plays for his siblings' entertainment, of which one has survived: 'La Guida di Bragia'.
Between 1854 and 1856, his work appeared in the national publications The Comic Times and The Train, as well as smaller magazines such as the Whitby Gazette and the Oxford Critic. Most of this output was humorous, sometimes satirical, but his standards and ambitions were exacting. In July 1855 he wrote:
"I do not think I have yet written anything
worthy of real publication (in which I do not
include the Whitby Gazette or the Oxonian
Advertiser), but I do not despair of doing
so someday."
In March 1856, he published his first piece of work under the name that would make him famous. A romantic poem called 'Solitude' appeared in The Train under the authorship of 'Lewis Carroll.'
This pseudonym was a play on his real name: Lewis was the anglicised form of Ludovicus, which was the Latin for Lutwidge, and Carroll an Irish surname similar to the Latin name Carolus, from which comes the name Charles. The pseudonym was chosen by editor Edmund Yates from a list of four submitted by Dodgson, the others being Edgar Cuthwellis, Edgar U. C. Westhill, and Louis Carroll.
-- The Alice Books
In 1856, Dean Henry Liddell arrived at Christ Church, bringing with him his young family, all of whom would figure largely in Dodgson's life over the following years, and would greatly influence his writing career.
Dodgson became close friends with Liddell's wife Lorina and their children, particularly the three sisters Lorina, Edith, and Alice Liddell.
Charles was widely assumed for many years to have derived his own 'Alice' from Alice Liddell; the acrostic poem at the end of Through the Looking-Glass spells out her name in full, and there are also many superficial references to her hidden in the text of both books.
Dodgson himself repeatedly denied in later life that his 'little heroine' was based on any real child, and he frequently dedicated his works to girls of his acquaintance, adding their names in acrostic poems at the beginning of the text.
Gertrude Chataway's name appears in this form at the beginning of The Hunting of the Snark, and it is not suggested that this means that any of the characters in the narrative are based on her.
Information is scarce (Dodgson's diaries for the years 1858–1862 are missing), but it seems clear that his friendship with the Liddell family was an important part of his life in the late 1850's, and he grew into the habit of taking the children on rowing trips (first the boy Harry, and later the three girls) accompanied by an adult friend to nearby Nuneham Courtenay or Godstow.
It was on one such expedition on the 4th. July 1862 that Dodgson invented the outline of the story that eventually became his first and greatest commercial success. He told the story to Alice Liddell, and she begged him to write it down, and Dodgson eventually (after much delay) presented her with a handwritten, illustrated manuscript entitled 'Alice's Adventures Under Ground' in November 1864.
Before this, the family of friend and mentor George MacDonald read Dodgson's incomplete manuscript, and the enthusiasm of the MacDonald children encouraged Dodgson to seek publication. In 1863, he took the unfinished manuscript to Macmillan the publisher, who liked it immediately.
After possible alternative titles were rejected - 'Alice Among the Fairies' and 'Alice's Golden Hour' - the work was finally published as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in 1865 under the Lewis Carroll pen-name, which Dodgson had first used some nine years earlier.
The illustrations were by Sir John Tenniel; Dodgson evidently thought that a published book would need the skills of a professional artist. Annotated versions provide insights into many of the ideas and hidden meanings that are prevalent in these books.[ Critical literature has often proposed Freudian interpretations of the book as "a descent into the dark world of the subconscious", as well as seeing it as a satire upon contemporary mathematical advances.
The overwhelming commercial success of the first Alice book changed Dodgson's life in many ways. The fame of his alter ego Lewis Carroll soon spread around the world. He was inundated with fan mail, and with sometimes unwanted attention.
Indeed, according to one popular story, Queen Victoria herself enjoyed Alice in Wonderland so much that she commanded that he dedicate his next book to her, and was accordingly presented with his next work, a scholarly mathematical volume entitled 'An Elementary Treatise on Determinants.'
Dodgson himself vehemently denied this story, commenting:
"It is utterly false in every particular:
nothing even resembling it has
occurred."
It is also unlikely for other reasons. As T. B. Strong commented in a Times article:
"It would have been clean contrary to all
his practice to identify the author of Alice
with the author of his mathematical works".
Although Charles began earning quite substantial sums of money, he continued with his seemingly disliked post at Christ Church.
Late in 1871, he published the sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. Its somewhat darker mood possibly reflects changes in Dodgson's life. His father's death in 1868 plunged him into a depression that lasted some years.
-- The Hunting of the Snark
In 1876, Dodgson produced his next great work, The Hunting of the Snark, a fantastical 'nonsense' poem, with illustrations by Henry Holiday, exploring the adventures of a bizarre crew of nine tradesmen and one beaver, who set off to find the snark.
It received largely mixed reviews from Carroll's contemporary reviewers, but was enormously popular with the public, having been reprinted seventeen times between 1876 and 1908. It has seen various adaptations into musicals, opera, theatre, plays and music. Painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti reputedly became convinced that the poem was about him.
-- Sylvie and Bruno
In 1895, 30 years after the publication of his masterpieces, Carroll attempted a comeback, producing a two-volume tale of the fairy siblings Sylvie and Bruno. Carroll entwines two plots set in two alternative worlds, one set in rural England and the other in the fairytale kingdoms of Elfland, Outland, and others.
The fairytale world satirises English society, and more specifically the world of academia. Sylvie and Bruno came out in two volumes and is considered a lesser work, although it has remained in print for over a century.
-- Charles Dodgson's Photography (1856–1880)
In 1856, Dodgson took up the new art form of photography under the influence first of his uncle Skeffington Lutwidge, and later of his Oxford friend Reginald Southey. He soon excelled at the art, and became a well-known gentleman-photographer. Charles even toyed with the idea of making a living out of it in his early years.
A study by Roger Taylor and Edward Wakeling exhaustively lists every surviving print, and Taylor calculates that just over half of his surviving work depicts young girls, though about 60% of his original photographic portfolio is now missing.
Dodgson also made many studies of men, women, boys, and landscapes; his subjects also include skeletons, dolls, dogs, statues, paintings, and trees. His pictures of children were taken with a parent in attendance, and many of the pictures were taken in the Liddell garden because natural sunlight was required for good exposures.
Charles also found photography to be a useful entrée into higher social circles. During the most productive part of his career, he made portraits of notable sitters such as John Everett Millais, Ellen Terry, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Michael Faraday, Lord Salisbury, and Alfred Lord Tennyson.
By the time that Dodgson abruptly ceased photography in 1880, over 24 years), he had established his own studio on the roof of Tom Quad. Over the course of 24 years he created around 3,000 images, and was an amateur master of the medium, although fewer than 1,000 images have survived time and deliberate destruction.
Charles stopped taking photographs because keeping his studio working was too time-consuming. He used the wet collodion process; commercial photographers who started using the dry-plate process in the 1870's took pictures more quickly.
-- Charles Dodgson's Inventions
In order to promote letter writing, Dodgson invented "The Wonderland Postage-Stamp Case" in 1889. This was a cloth-backed folder with twelve slots, two marked for inserting the most commonly used penny stamp, and one each for the other current denominations up to one shilling.
The folder was then put into a slipcase decorated with a picture of Alice on the front, and the Cheshire Cat on the back. It was intended to organize stamps wherever writing utensils were stored. Carroll expressly noted in 'Eight or Nine Wise Words about Letter-Writing' that it was not intended to be carried in a pocket or purse, as individual stamps could easily be carried on their own. The pack included a copy of a pamphlet version of this lecture.
Another invention was a writing tablet called the nyctograph that allowed note-taking in the dark, thus eliminating the need to get out of bed and strike a light when one woke with an idea. The device consisted of a gridded card with sixteen squares and a system of symbols representing an alphabet of Dodgson's design, using letter shapes similar to the Graffiti writing system on a Palm device.
Charles also devised a number of games, including an early version of what today is known as Scrabble. He appears to have invented - or at least certainly popularised - the 'doublet', a form of brain-teaser that is still popular today, changing one word into another by altering one letter at a time, each successive change always resulting in a genuine word.
The games and puzzles of Lewis Carroll were the subject of Martin Gardner's March 1960 Mathematical Games column in Scientific American.
Charles' other inventions include:
-- A rule for finding the day of the week for any date
-- A a means for justifying right margins on a typewriter
-- A steering device for a velociam (a type of tricycle)
-- Fairer elimination rules for tennis tournaments
-- A new type of postal money order
-- Rules for reckoning postage
-- Rules for a win in betting
-- Rules for dividing a number by various divisors
-- A cardboard scale for the Senior Common Room at Christ Church which, held next to a glass, ensured the right amount of liqueur for the price paid
-- A double-sided adhesive strip to fasten envelopes or mount things in books
-- A device for helping a bedridden invalid to read from a book placed sideways
-- At least two ciphers for cryptography.
Charles also proposed alternative systems of parliamentary representation. He proposed the so-called Dodgson's method. In 1884, he proposed a proportional representation system based on multi-member districts, each voter casting only a single vote, quotas as minimum requirements to take seats, and votes transferable by candidates through what is now called Liquid democracy.
-- Charles Dodgson's Mathematical Work
Within the academic discipline of mathematics, Dodgson worked primarily in the fields of geometry, linear and matrix algebra, mathematical logic, and recreational mathematics, producing nearly a dozen books under his real name.
Dodgson also developed new ideas in probability and linear algebra (e.g., the first printed proof of the Kronecker–Capelli theorem). He also researched the process of elections and committees; some of this work was not published until well after his death.
-- Charles Dodgson's Mathematical Logic
Charles' work in the field of mathematical logic attracted renewed interest in the late 20th. century. Martin Gardner's book on logic machines and diagrams, and William Warren Bartley's posthumous publication of the second part of Dodgson's symbolic logic book have sparked a re-evaluation of Dodgson's contributions to symbolic logic.
In his Symbolic Logic Part II, Dodgson introduced the Method of Trees, the earliest modern use of a truth tree.
-- Charles Dodgson's Algebra
Robbins' and Rumsey's investigation of Dodgson condensation, a method of evaluating determinants, led them to the alternating sign matrix conjecture, which is now a theorem.
-- Charles Dodgson's Recreational Mathematics
The discovery in the 1990's of additional ciphers that Dodgson had constructed, in addition to his 'Memoria Technica', showed that he had employed sophisticated mathematical ideas in their creation.
-- Charles Dodgson's Correspondence
Dodgson wrote and received as many as 98,721 letters, according to a special letter register which he devised. He documented his advice about how to write more satisfying letters in a missive entitled 'Eight or Nine Wise Words about Letter-Writing'.
-- Charles Dodgson - The Later Years
Dodgson's existence remained little changed over the final twenty years of his life, despite his growing wealth and fame. He continued to teach at Christ Church until 1881, and remained in residence there until his death.
Public appearances included attending the West End musical Alice in Wonderland (the first major live production of his Alice books) at the Prince of Wales Theatre on the 30th. December 1886.
The two volumes of his last novel, Sylvie and Bruno, were published in 1889 and 1893, but the intricacy of this work was apparently not appreciated by contemporary readers; it achieved nothing like the success of the Alice books, with disappointing reviews and sales of only 13,000 copies.
The only known occasion on which Charles travelled abroad was a trip to Russia in 1867 as an ecclesiastic, together with the Reverend Henry Liddon. He recounts the travel in his 'Russian Journal', which was first commercially published in 1935.
-- The Death of Charles Dodgson
Dodgson died of pneumonia following influenza on the 14th. January 1898 at his sisters' home, 'The Chestnuts', in Guildford, Surrey, just four days before the death of Henry Liddell. Charles was two weeks away from turning 66 years old.
His funeral service was held at the nearby St. Mary's Church, and he was laid to rest at the Mount Cemetery in Guildford.
-- Charles Dodgson's Sexuality
Some late twentieth-century biographers have suggested that Dodgson's interest in children had an erotic element, including Morton N. Cohen in his 1995 book 'Lewis Carroll: A Biography.'
Cohen, speculates that:
"Dodgson's sexual energies sought unconventional
outlets.
We cannot know to what extent sexual urges lay
behind Charles's preference for drawing and
photographing children in the nude. He contended
the preference was entirely aesthetic. But given his
emotional attachment to children as well as his
aesthetic appreciation of their forms, his assertion
that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve.
He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge,
even to himself."
Cohen goes on to note that:
"Dodgson apparently convinced many of his friends
that his attachment to the nude female child form
was free of any eroticism, however later generations
look beneath the surface."
He argues that Dodgson may have wanted to marry the 11-year-old Alice Liddell, and that this was the cause of the unexplained "break" with the family in June 1863, an event for which other explanations are offered.
Biographers Derek Hudson and Roger Lancelyn Green stop short of identifying Dodgson as a paedophile (Green also edited Dodgson's diaries and papers), but they concur that he had a passion for small female children and next to no interest in the adult world. Catherine Robson refers to Carroll as:
"The Victorian era's most
famous (or infamous) girl
lover".
Several other writers and scholars have challenged the evidential basis for Cohen's and others' views about Dodgson's sexual interests. Hugues Lebailly has endeavoured to set Dodgson's child photography within the "Victorian Child Cult", which perceived child nudity as essentially an expression of innocence.
Lebailly claims that studies of child nudes were mainstream and fashionable in Dodgson's time, and that most photographers made them as a matter of course. Lebailly states that child nudes even appeared on Victorian Christmas cards, implying a very different social and aesthetic assessment of such material.
Lebailly concludes that it has been an error of Dodgson's biographers to view his child-photography with 20th.- or 21st.-century eyes, and to have presented it as some form of personal idiosyncrasy, when it was consistent with the norms of the time.
Karoline Leach's re-appraisal of Dodgson focused on his controversial sexuality. She argues that the allegations of paedophilia rose initially from a misunderstanding of Victorian morals, as well as the mistaken idea - fostered by Dodgson's various biographers - that he had no interest in adult women.
Leach termed the traditional image of Dodgson "the Carroll Myth". She drew attention to the large amounts of evidence in his diaries and letters that he was also keenly interested in adult women, married and single, and enjoyed several relationships with them that would have been considered scandalous by the social standards of his time.
She also pointed to the fact that many of those whom he described as "child-friends" were girls in their late teens and even twenties. She argues that suggestions of paedophilia emerged only many years after his death, when his well-meaning family had suppressed all evidence of his relationships with women in an effort to preserve his reputation, thus giving a false impression of a man interested only in little girls.
Similarly, Leach points to a 1932 biography by Langford Reed as the source of the dubious claim that many of Carroll's female friendships ended when the girls reached the age of 14.
In addition to the biographical works that have discussed Dodgson's sexuality, there are modern artistic interpretations of his life and work that do so as well – in particular, Dennis Potter in his play 'Alice' and his screenplay for the motion picture 'Dreamchild', and Robert Wilson in his musical 'Alice'.
-- Charles Dodgson's Ordination
Dodgson had been groomed for the ordained ministry in the Church of England from a very early age, and was expected to be ordained within four years of obtaining his master's degree, as a condition of his residency at Christ Church.
Charles delayed the process for some time, but was eventually ordained as a deacon on the 22nd. December 1861. But when the time came a year later to be ordained as a priest, Dodgson appealed to the dean for permission not to proceed.
This was against college rules and, initially, Dean Liddell told him that he would have to consult the college ruling body, which would almost certainly have resulted in his being expelled.
However for unknown reasons, Liddell changed his mind overnight, and permitted him to remain at the college in defiance of the rules. Dodgson never became a priest, unique amongst senior students of his time.
There is no conclusive evidence about why Dodgson rejected the priesthood. Some have suggested that his stammer made him reluctant because he was afraid of having to preach. Wilson quotes letters by Dodgson describing difficulty in reading lessons and prayers rather than preaching in his own words.
However Dodgson did indeed preach in later life, even though not in priest's orders, so it seems unlikely that his impediment was a major factor affecting his choice.
Wilson also points out that the Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, who ordained Dodgson, had strong views against clergy going to the theatre, one of Dodgson's great interests. Charles was interested in minority forms of Christianity (he was an admirer of F. D. Maurice) and "alternative" religions such as theosophy.
Dodgson became deeply troubled by an unexplained sense of sin and guilt at this time (the early 1860's), and frequently expressed the view in his diaries that he was a "vile and worthless" sinner, unworthy of the priesthood. This feeling of sin and unworthiness may well have affected his decision to abandon being ordained into the priesthood.
-- The Missing Diaries
At least four complete volumes and around seven pages of text are missing from Dodgson's 13 diaries. The loss of the volumes remains unexplained; the pages have been removed by an unknown hand.
Most scholars assume that the diary material was removed by family members in the interests of preserving the family name, but this has not been proven. Except for one page, material is missing from his diaries for the period between 1853 and 1863 (when Dodgson was 21–31 years old).
This was a period when Dodgson began suffering great mental and spiritual anguish, and confessing to an overwhelming sense of his own sin. This was also the period of time when he composed his extensive love poetry, leading to speculation that the poems may have been autobiographical.
Many theories have been put forward to explain the missing material. A popular explanation for one missing page (27th. June 1863) is that it might have been torn out to conceal a proposal of marriage on that day to the 11-year-old Alice Liddell.
However, there has never been any evidence to suggest that this was so, and a paper offers some evidence to the contrary which was discovered by Karoline Leach in the Dodgson family archive in 1996.
This paper is known as the "Cut Pages in Diary" document, and was compiled by various members of Carroll's family after his death. Part of it may have been written at the time when the pages were destroyed, though this is unclear.
The document offers a brief summary of two diary pages that are missing, including the one for the 27th. June 1863. The summary for this page states that Mrs. Liddell told Dodgson that there was gossip circulating about him and the Liddell family's governess, as well as about his relationship with "Ina", presumably Alice's older sister Lorina Liddell.
The "break" with the Liddell family that occurred soon after was presumably in response to this gossip. An alternative interpretation has been made regarding Carroll's rumoured involvement with "Ina": Lorina was also the name of Alice Liddell's mother.
What is deemed most crucial and surprising is that the document seems to imply that Dodgson's break with the family was not connected with Alice at all; until a primary source is discovered, the events of the 27th. June 1863 will remain in doubt.
-- Charles Dodgson's Migraine and Epilepsy
In his diary for 1880, Dodgson recorded experiencing his first episode of migraine with aura, describing very accurately the process of "moving fortifications" that are a manifestation of the aura stage of the syndrome.
Unfortunately, there is no clear evidence to show whether this was his first experience of migraine per se, or whether he may have previously suffered the far more common form of migraine without aura. The latter seems most likely, given that migraine most commonly develops in the teens or early adulthood.
Another form of migraine aura called Alice in Wonderland syndrome has been named after Dodgson's little heroine because its manifestation can resemble the sudden size-changes in the book. It is also known as micropsia and macropsia, a brain condition affecting the way that objects are perceived.
For example, an afflicted person may look at a larger object such as a basketball and perceive it as if it were the size of a golf ball. Some authors have suggested that Dodgson may have suffered from this type of aura, and used it as an inspiration in his work, although there is no evidence that he did.
Dodgson also suffered two attacks in which he lost consciousness.They were diagnosed as "epileptiform" seizures. Some have concluded from this that he was a lifetime sufferer of this condition, but there is no evidence of this in his diaries beyond these two attacks.
Sadi Ranson has suggested that Carroll may have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy, in which consciousness is not always completely lost but altered, and in which the symptoms mimic many of the same experiences as Alice in Wonderland.
Carroll had at least one incident in which he suffered full loss of consciousness and awoke with a bloody nose, which he recorded in his diary and noted that the episode left him not feeling himself for "quite sometime afterward". This attack was diagnosed as possibly "epileptiform" and Carroll himself later wrote of his "seizures" in the same diary.
Most of the standard diagnostic tests of today were not available in the nineteenth century. Yvonne Hart, consultant neurologist at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, has concluded that Dodgson very likely had migraine, and may have had epilepsy, but she emphasises that she would have considerable doubt about making a diagnosis of epilepsy without further information.
-- Charles Dodgson's Legacy
There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of Charles' works and the investigation of his life.
Copenhagen Street in Islington, north London is the location of the Lewis Carroll Children's Library.
In 1982, Charles' great-nephew unveiled a memorial stone to him in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.
In January 1994, an asteroid, 6984 Lewiscarroll, was discovered and named after Carroll.
The Lewis Carroll Centenary Wood near his birthplace in Daresbury opened in 2000.
Born in All Saints' Vicarage, Daresbury, Cheshire, in 1832, Lewis Carroll is commemorated at All Saints' Church, Daresbury in its stained glass windows depicting characters from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In March 2012, the Lewis Carroll Centre, attached to the church, was opened.
I can't explain too much of the reasoning behind this otherwise 'you know who' will find out 'you know what'! Jxo
P.s. There is NO BROWN in this pouch!!!! The solid fabric is black.
I have powerful fists to smash faces in
Brute strength to break your limbs
Metal chest to prepare for war
I’ll be the last to fall!
You ain’t passing thru!
I don’t hear your reasons
Thinking is treason
Tears won’t do any good
But some gold would.
Only gold will get you thru!
Check out -
I started another blog. I know, I know, I barely update my other ones. I wanted to separate my baking from the rest of my personal blog is the reasoning. Go check it out and let me know what you think:
Only counting books I read (or soon-ish will have read) in their entirety…
Below are starting dates, titles, authors, and some quotes / comments that I could think of. :p Hopefully I have not typo-ed up the quotes too badly.
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15-Jan-2022: 1. Kompendium i klinisk kemi by Ulrika Falkenö, Anna Hillström, Bernt Jones, Inger Lilliehöök, Emma Strage, Bodil Ström Holst, & Harold Tvedten
Almost-a-book on clinical chemistry. Directed at vet students, but my vet nursing class also got copies in 2017. I never got around to reading it until now. :p Promptly LOST my copy at a train station :'( BUT it turned out that my nice boss had it as a PDF! :D
25-Jan-2022: 2. Little brother by Cory Doctorow
Fave! And a re-read.
12-Mar-2022: 3. The alchemist by Paulo Coelho
A re-read.
14-Apr-2022: 4. The language instinct: How the mind creates language by Steven Pinker
"Thinking of language as an instinct inverts the popular wisdom, especially as it has been passed down in the canon of the humanities and social sciences. Language is no more a cultural invention than is upright posture. It is not a manifestation of a general capacity to use symbols: a three-year-old, as we shall see, is a grammatical genius, but is quite incompetent at the visual arts, religious iconography, traffic signs, and the other staples of the semiotics curriculum. Though language is a magnificent ability unique to Homo sapiens among living species, it does not call for sequestering the study of humans from the domain of biology, for a magnificent ability unique to a particular living species is far from unique in the animal kingdom. Some kinds of bats home in on flying insects using Doppler sonar. Some kinds of migratory birds navigate thousands of miles by calibrating the positions of the constellations against the time of day and year. In nature’s talent show we are simply a species of primate with our own act, a knack for communicating information about who did what to whom by modulating the sounds we make when we exhale."
Quotes "the following pseudo-German notice that used to be posted in many university computing centers in the English-speaking world:
'ACHTUNG! ALLES LOOKENSPEEPERS!
Das computermachine ist nicht fuer gefingerpoken und mittengrabben. Ist easy schnappen der springenwerk, blowenfusen and poppencorken mit spitzensparken. Ist nicht fuer gewerken bei das dumpkopfen. Das rubbernecken sightseeren keepen das cottenpickenen hans in das pockets muss; relaxen und watchen das blinkenlichten.'"
"Another team is trying to teach a computer the basics of human common sense, which they estimate to comprise about ten million facts."
"Let me begin with the ability to learn, and by convincing you that there is something to explain. Many social scientists believe that learning is some pinnacle of evolution that humans have scaled from the lowlands of instinct, so that our ability to learn can be explained by our exalted braininess. But biology says otherwise. Learning is found in organisms as simple as bacteria, and, as James and Chomsky pointed out, human intelligence may depend on our having more innate instincts, not fewer. Learning is an option, like camouflage or horns, that nature gives organisms as needed – when some aspect of the organism's environmental niche is so unpredictable that anticipation of its contingencies cannot be wired in. For example, birds that nest on small cliff ledges do not learn to recognize their offspring. They do not need to, for any blob of the right size and shape in their nest is sure to be one. Birds that nest in large colonies, in contrast, are in danger of feeding some neighbor's offspring that sneaks in, and they have evolved a mechanism that allows them to learn the particular nuances of their own babies.
Even when a trait starts off as a product of learning, it does not have to remain so. Evolutionary theory, supported by computer simulations, has shown that when an environment is stable, there is a selective pressure for learned abilities to become increasingly innate. That is because if an ability is innate, it can be deployed earlier in the lifespan of the creature, and there is less of a chance that an unlucky creature will miss out on the experiences that would have been necessary to teach it."
"What an irony it is that the supposed attempt to bring Homo sapiens down a few notches in the natural order has taken the form of us humans hectoring another species into emulating our instinctive form of communication, or some artificial form we have invented, as if that were the measure of biological worth. The chimpanzees' resistance is no shame on them; a human would surely do no better if trained to hoot and shriek like a chimp, a symmetrical project that makes about as much scientific sense. In fact, the idea that some species needs our intervention before its members can display a useful skill, like some bird that could not fly until given a human education, is far from humble!"
"Until the recent invention of the Heimlich maneuver, choking on food was the sixth leading cause of accidental death in the United States, claiming six thousand victims a year. The positioning of the larynx deep in the throat, and the tongue far enough low and back to articulate a range of vowels, also compromised breathing and chewing. Presumably the communicative benefits outweighed the physiological costs."
Contains a list of "human universals" compiled by anthropologist Donald E. Brown. As the list is a 2-page wall of text, I'll just link to the quote here. :)
9-Jul-2022: 5. Vägen till Jerusalem by Jan Guillou
Fave! And a re-read. Book 1 in a trilogy about a knight in the 1100's. The trilogy (which is available in English) has feminism and Arabian horses and shit. :) And there is just something about historical novels, man. :q Now I really want to read another novel series by Guillou, 10 books about the 1900's. :D
15-Jul-2022: 6. The call of the wild by Jack London
My fave novel! And a re-read.
18-Jul-2022: 7. A Shropshire lad by A.E. Housman
Collection of poems that Richard Dawkins kept going on about, so I checked them out. Here's my fave from the collection:
"Along the field as we came by
A year ago, my love and I,
The aspen over stile and stone
Was talking to itself alone.
'Oh who are these that kiss and pass?
A country lover and his lass;
Two lovers looking to be wed;
And time shall put them both to bed,
But she shall lie with earth above,
And he beside another love.'
And sure enough beneath the tree
There walks another love with me,
And overhead the aspen heaves
Its rainy-sounding silver leaves;
And I spell nothing in their stir,
But now perhaps they speak to her,
And plain for her to understand
They talk about a time at hand
When I shall sleep with clover clad,
And she beside another lad."
20-Jul-2022: 8. Books do furnish a life: Reading and writing science by Richard Dawkins
Fave! A compilation of book reviews and the like by the Dawk, my fave writer.
"And the point has often been made to me that if you call somebody an idiot you're not going to change his mind, and that's possibly true, but you may change the minds of a thousand people listening in and so I'm less inhibited about calling him an idiot."
"It is possible to take a robust view of extinction, even mass extinction. We can tough-mindedly point out that extinction is the norm for species throughout geological history. Even our own swath of chainsaw and concrete devastation is only the latest in a long series of cleanouts from which life has always bounced back. What are we and our domination of the world but another natural process, no worse than many before? The catastrophe that ended the dinosaurs had a consequence that might lead us to take a positively cheerful attitude towards it: us. From a more dispassionate point of view, every mass extinction opens up yawning gaps in the market, and the headlong rush to fill them is what, time after time, has enriched the diversity of our planet.
Even the most devastating of mass extinctions can be defended as the necessary purging that makes rebirth possible. No doubt it is fascinating to wonder whether rats or starlings might provide the ancestral stock for a new radiation of giant predators, in the event that the whole order Carnivora was wiped out. But none of us would ever know, for we do not live on the evolutionary timescale. It is an aesthetic argument, an argument of feeling, not reason, and I confess that my own feelings recoil. I find my aesthetics incapable of quite such a long view.
The dinosaurs are gone. I mourn them and I mourn the giant ammonites, and before them the mammal-like reptiles and the club moss and tree fern forests of the coal measures, and before them the trilobites and eurypterids: but they are beyond recall. What we have now is a new set of communities, our own contemporary buildup of mutually compatible mammals and birds, flowering plants and pollinating insects. They are not better than the communities that preceded them. But they are here, we have the privilege of studying them, they took agonizing ages to build up, and if we destroy them we shall not see them replaced. Not in our lifetime, not in five million years. If we destroy the ecosystems of which we are a part, we condemn not just our own generation, but all the generations of descendants that we could realistically hope to succeed us, to a world of devastation and impoverishment."
"I was invited by the world's largest computer company to organize and supervise a whole day's game of strategy among their executives, the purpose of which was to bond them together in amicable cooperation. They were divided into three teams, the reds, the blues and the greens, and the game was a variant on the prisoner's dilemma game which is the central topic of Axelrod's book. Unfortunately, the cooperative bonding which was the company's goal failed to materialize – spectacularly. As Robert Axelrod could have predicted, the fact that the game was known to be coming to an end at exactly 4 p.m. precipitated a massive defection by the reds against the blues, immediately before the appointed hour. The bad feeling generated by this sudden break with the previous day-long goodwill was palpable at the post-mortem session that I conducted, and the executives had to have counselling before they could be persuaded to work together again."
Aaaaaaand… In passing, he mentions an evolutionary biologist called Malte Andersson. This… happened… to… be… the… name… of… my… thesis… examiner… in… 2008. :O Erm. Andersson is a supercommon name; Malte isn't. :B Basically, we can assume that the Dawk mentioned someone who read my craptastic little biology thesis "Breeding requirements of neotropical birds at Universeum science centre, Göteborg"!!!!!!!!!!!11111!!!1 In the same sentence as the great Steven Pinker and 19 other names. He referred to them as "distinguished". Sooooo… THE DAWK THINKS MY THESIS EXAMINER IS DISTINGUISHED! MAYBE THAT MAKES ME APPROXIMATELY 0.00000000001% DISTINGUISHED! THANKS I CAN DIE NOW ^_^
PS. IN OTHER NEWS, THE DAWK GAVE A LECTURE AT THE GOTHENBURG SCIENCE FESTIVAL ON 3-MAY-2022 AND I WAS THERE AND HE SIGNED MY COPY OF "UNWEAVING THE RAINBOW" AND I TOLD HIM HE IS MY FAVE WRITER! :DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD Will upload the pics soon-ish.
14-Aug-2022: 9. Tempelriddaren by Jan Guillou
Fave! And a re-read. Book 2 in a trilogy about a knight in the 1100's.
10-Sep-2022: 10. Rationality: What it is, why it seems scarce, why it matters by Steven Pinker
Both this book and "The language instinct" where OTTFMDA (Often Too Technical For My Dumb Ass), but had many bits my little brain could enjoy as well.
"A major theme of this book is that none of us, thinking alone, is rational enough to consistently come to sound conclusions: rationality emerges from a community of reasoners who spot each other's fallacies."
"And ultimately even relativists who deny the possibility of objective truth and insist that all claims are merely the narrative of a culture lack the courage of their convictions. The cultural anthropologists or literary scholars who avow that the truths of science are merely the narratives of one culture will still have their child's infection treated with antibiotics prescribed by a physician rather than a healing song performed by a shaman. And though relativism is often adorned with a moral halo, the moral convictions of relativists depend on a commitment to objective truth. Was slavery a myth? Was the Holocaust just one of many possible narratives? Is climate change a social construction? Or are the suffering and danger that define these events really real – claims that we know are true because of logic and evidence and objective scholarship? Now relativists stop being so relative."
He quotes Spinoza: "Those who are governed by reason desire nothing for themselves which they do not also desire for the rest of humankind." (Though I, of course, corrected "humankind" to "sentient beings" - and btw, there should be a catchier word for the latter.) And he quotes Kant's Categorical Imperative: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." :) Good, eh?
"The press is an availability machine. It serves up anecdotes which feed our impression of what's common in a way that is guaranteed to mislead. Since news is what happens, not what doesn't happen, the denominator in the fraction corresponding to the true probability of an event – all the opportunities for the event to occur, including those in which it doesn't – is invisible, leaving us in the dark about how prevalent something really is.
The distortions, moreover, are not haphazard, but misdirect us toward the morbid. Things that happen suddenly are usually bad – a war, a shooting, a famine, a financial collapse – but good things may consist of nothing happening, like a boring country at peace or a forgettable region that is healthy and well fed. And when progress takes place, it isn't built in a day; it creeps up a few percentage points a year, transforming the world by stealth. As the economist Max Roser points out, news sites could have run the headline 137,000 PEOPLE ESCAPED EXTREME POVERTY YESTERDAY every day for the past twenty-five years."
"Trump told around thirty thousand lies during his term…"
"So much of our reasoning seems tailored to winning arguments that some cognitive scientists, like Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber, believe it is the adaptive function of reasoning. We evolved not as intuitive scientists but as intuitive lawyers. While people often try to get away with lame arguments for their own positions, they are quick to spot fallacies in other people's arguments."
"My greatest surprise in making sense of moral progress is how many times in history the first domino was a reasoned argument." :O
8-Nov-2022: 11. Riket vid vägens slut by Jan Guillou
Fave! Book 3 in a trilogy about a knight in the 1100's. I… read about half of "Riket" in 2000! Then was interrupted for some reason (maybe a library deadline) and never got around to finishing it until now. :B
2-Dec-2022: 12. Arvet efter Arn by Jan Guillou
Fave! A 4th book in Guillou's "trilogy". The hero from the first 3 was fictitious. This one is about his grandson, who existed, and kind of invented Sweden.
"Mest angelägna var männen, föga överraskande, att finna en rik änka. Svårare att begripa var vad de sade sig kunna erbjuda i gengäld för denna rikedom de ämnade inhösta. Om detta som verkade svårfattligt för åtminstone de två Ceciliorna berättade Ingrid Ylva lustigt och i ogudaktigt tal att männen för det första var förvissade om att ingen kvinna kunde leva utan manlig lem och för det andra lika förvissade om att inga små söner kunde fostras utan man i huset."
"Ingrid Ylva kväljdes något av att se människor med gott lynne syssla med denna vedervärdiga djurföda. Ingen människa åt svamp utom fordom när det varit flera års missväxt och svälten härjade i landet. Så mycket visste dock de flesta att svamp var ett osäkert sätt att rädda livhanken även för den mest utsvultne. I värsta fall kunde det leda till döden och i bästa fall klarade man sig med några dagars feber och rännskita."
3-Dec-2022: 13. The return of the native by Thomas Hardy
An audiobook, read by… Alan Rickman, who had THE MOST BEAUTIFUL VOICE IN THE WORLD! D': I actually listened to maybe half of it in… 2007. o_O Usually after my nightly paper round, so I kept falling asleep in the middle of chapters and… Meh… Of course I always meant to finish it, though. :D And of course I now listened from the beginning. Haven't finished it yet. I only listen to it at home where I can properly hear and fully concentrate on THE VOICE. :q
24-Dec-2022: 14. Galileo's daughter: A drama of science, faith and love by Dava Sobel
I had never heard of it until it was recommended by Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Startalk" podcast. :) (A 2009 ep that I listened to in 2022…)
"In 1604, five years prior to Galileo's development of the telescope, the world beheld a never-before-seen star in the heavens. It was called 'nova' for its newness. It flared up near the constellation Sagittarius in October and stayed so prominent through November that Galileo had time to deliver three public lectures about the newcomer before it faded from bright view. The nova challenged the law of immutability in the heavens, a cherished tenet of the Aristotelian world order. Earthly matter, according to ancient Greek philosophy, contained four base elements – earth, water, air, fire – that underwent constant change, while the heavens, as Aristotle described them, consisted entirely of a fifth element – the quintessence, or aether – that remained incorruptible. It was thus impossible for a new star suddenly to materialise. The nova, the Aristotelians argued, must inhabit the sublunar sphere between the Earth and the Moon, where change was permissible. But Galileo could see by comparing his nightly observation with those of other stargazers in distant lands that the new star lay far out, beyond the Moon, beyond the planets, among the domain of the old stars. /…/ Having thus impugned the immutability of the heavens, Galileo further attacked the Aristotelian philosophers by turning the telescope on their territory in 1609. His telescopic discoveries transformed the nature of the Copernican question from an intellectual engagement into a debate that might be decided on the basis of evidence. The roughness of the Moon, for example, showed that some of the features of Earth repeated themselves in the heavens. The motions of the Medicean stars [some of Jupiter's moons] demonstrated that satellites could orbit bodies other than the Earth. The phases of Venus argued that at least one planet must travel around the Sun. And the dark spots discovered on the Sun sullied the perfection of yet another heavenly sphere. /…/ Galileo rued the stubbornness of philosophers who clung to Aristotle's views despite the new perspective provided by the telescope. He swore that if Aristotle himself were brought back to life and shown the sights now seen, the great philosopher would quickly alter his opinion, as he had always honored the evidence of his senses."
31-Dec-2022: 15. Den fräcka kråkan by Ulf Nilsson & Eva Eriksson
Fave! And a re-read, as it's a kiddy book that I used to have read to me in the 80's and that I vaguely remembered. IT'S FUCKING SAD :'(
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Vegan FAQ! :)
The Web Site the Meat Industry Doesn't Want You to See.
Please watch Earthlings.
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You can reach me at yoze83 [AT] yahoo.com
Part of my reasoning for switching to Fujifilm mirrorless system was the ability to adapt existing lens and ease the cost burden of switching systems.
In my arsenal I have a Canon AE-1 that I purchased with 3 lens.
A Canon FD 28mm F2.8, Canon FD 50mm F1.8 and a Tamron 80-210mm F4 all for the hefty sum of £16 about 10 years ago.
Vintage and film has gone up in value since then, partly because of the use on mirrorless systems.
I have to say I have been quite impressed with the quality of my vintage kit and I think this shot of my wife is a good example, shot wide open at F2.8 it has the Fuji Acros Film + Green Filter simulation applied and the lightroom standard "for internet" jpg sharpening applied otherwise that is about it.
Fuji X-T2 with Canon FD 28mm F2.8 @ F2.8
the complex patchwork quilt of pure primary color is revealed when viewed in it's largest uploaded format - Original (6618 x 4418):
www.flickr.com/photos/manuelbranco/21876901889/sizes/o/
Ellsworth Kelly on steroids!
v. *Think
1. bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation
2. recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
3. be capable of conscious thought
4. use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments
5. have or formulate in the mind
6. expect, believe, or suppose
7. judge or regard; look upon; judge
8. dispose the mind in a certain way
9. have in mind as a purpose
10. focus one's attention on a certain state
11. ponder; reflect on, or reason about
12. decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting
13. imagine or visualize
Heavy Thinking! (1981 archives)
PixQuote:
"If you're photographing in color you show the color of their clothes - if you use black and white, you will show the color of their soul."
~Author Unknown
"Nazotokiwadinanoatode 2". Author: Tokuya Higashigawa
Number of cases stands in the "daughter detective · Reiko" and "Kazamatsuri · captain". "Kageyama butler" is how close to the truth in any reasoning. And, "When Kageyama of spit invective to Reiko?" "Naka of two people, is to progress by any chance it?". "Kazamatsuri inspector? Whether people can play an active part" such as. On a far from full reading. Expand it outrageous was waiting to last!? -.
Original Roman wall, London Wall
A postcard from the London Under Fire series, 1942, passed by the censor.
St Giles has the most startling setting of perhaps any English medieval church. A foundation of the 11th Century, the church was rebuilt after a fire in 1545, that is to say right at the very end of the Medieval period, and looks what it is, a big late Perpendicular East Anglian church, the tower rebuilt in the 17th Century but otherwise looking as if it might be beside the market place in a small Norfolk or Suffolk town. This is disingenuous of course, because the reason for it is the same in both cases, fabulous wealth on the eve of the Reformation.
This parish was particularly badly affected by the Great Plague of 1665, and Elizabeth and Wayland Young suggest this was because of the open drains running through the churchyard. St Giles was too far north to be burned in the Great Fire, but reaped a benefit from it because of the large number of people relocating to the parish from nearer the river. The drains were culverted, and there was plenty of money for repairs and refurbishments. In the 19th Century the church was made more Gothic than it was already with the addition of battlements along the aisles and clerestories.
Along with most of the area to the north of Cannon Street and the south of Old Street, St Giles was completely destroyed on the evening of 29th December 1940, when high winds and the lack of firewatchers due to the Christmas holidays conspired to fan the flames created by wave upon wave of German bombers. For more than ten years St Giles stood a ruin, as the City Corporation pondered what to do with the area. That St Giles would be rebuilt was not in question, but it would need to be as part of the unified whole envisaged for the area north of London Wall, the largest single bomb site in the whole of the British Isles. The usage of the area would need to be largely residential, as the Corporation was concerned about the depopulation of the City, but should also include spaces for arts, recreation and education. Cost was not a factor, there was plenty of money available.
The result was the largest single building project in England during those post-war years. The Corporation accepted the plans submitted in 1956 by its favourite architectural practice Chamberlin, Powell & Bon. The new area would be home to high-rise and low-rise residential buildings all linked together through gardens, with an arts centre at the core.
Significantly, it wasn't intended that retail spaces would form an important part of the scheme. In a brave and revolutionary gesture, the new scheme would be entirely traffic free, the road carried under the site through a tunnel. A revised plan of 1959 allowed for the walkways of the new scheme to be linked into the raised walkways planned to spread like a web throughout the City - although fortunately, apart from London Wall and Upper and Lower Thames Street, this web was never built. The new scheme took its name from the main street which had run through the site, which in turn was named for a medieval fortification to the north of the Wall. And so the Barbican began to rise from the ashes.
With the scheme underway St Giles could be restored, and it reopened in 1960 to the design of Godfrey Allen. Bearing in mind that the interior had been entirely destroyed, and considering the modernist city which was arising around it, the restoration was very conservative, the new interior replicating as far as possible what was there before, some of the furnishings coming from the demolished church of St Luke, Old Street, which had been put in storage. The east end of the chancel was new, but based on architectural details which had survived the 19th Century restoration. There is some decent post-war glass, and memorials to some of the church's worthies including John Milton.
And so it is only outside that St Giles is extraordinary. After twenty years of work the Barbican was opened in 1981, the last great post-war repair project to be completed. The church floats like a great ship in a sea of concrete, an illusion furthered by its position beside one of the Barbican waterways. Some memorials have been reset in the brick and concrete. Beyond is the Barbican Centre, and above rise the great shafts of the towers. When they were built they were the tallest residential buildings in Europe, unashamedly modernist in their concrete jaggedness. And yet there is a pleasing harmony to the whole, the contrasting tower of St Giles sticking up perpendicularly to join them. Of course, you wouldn't want every church in this kind of setting, but I think it works here.
There was, of course, an emotional reasoning behind rescuing the City churches after the Blitz, because they had become emblematic of the 'London can take it' attitude. Wandering around the City I am struck that with the possible exception of 30 St Mary Axe, the Barbican towers are still the most refreshingly Modern buildings in the Square Mile, and they are now almost forty years old. Much of the corporate architecture along Bishopsgate is simply dire, especially the awful Heron Tower, and it is hard to remember that the NatWest Tower or whatever it is called now ever looked Modern.
(c) Simon Knott, December 2015
The tried and true RPG. What more need I say? ;)
Though it could be better, I claim my reasoning for such a lacking creation to be the fact that one simply cannot pack so much badass-ness into one small lego creation ;D
It may sound silly but my initial reasoning for ever caring about going to Disneyland was this facade at Christmastime. After actually visiting, I can say that there are a lot of reasons to visit Disneyland but this area at Christmas is worth a visit in itself. Over the course of my trip I rode It's a Small World around 12 times and on this particular evening I spent about an hour photographing and enjoying this area after the park closed. Despite spending this much time here, I still dream about going back and could spend another two hours shooting the area without being satisfied.
Pictures can't do the area justice but here's my best effort. Enjoy and thanks for the comments, favorites, and any constructive criticism.
I came to Thailand not bringing the "only two things you need in Thailand"; sandals and swimsuits. My reasoning was that I'd buy both when I got there (space in my backpack was a premium).
I ended up never buying sandals, because my Tom's were so awesome, mercifully breathable in the hot climate, light, and durable over coarse sand and crumbling mortar. I wear them all the time at home and love them, and they were awesome here too. I don't work for them or anything, but check out Tomsshoes.com...they're only about $50 for a pair, and for every pair you buy, they give one to a child in need. Great way to spend $50 if you ask me.
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This weekend was nuts. I'll post and explain later :)
Between a rock and a hard place, an adage used to refer to a dilemma, more specifically a Morton's fork; a situation offering at least two possibilities, neither of which is acceptable.
A Morton's fork is a specious piece of reasoning in which contradictory arguments lead to the same conclusion. It is said to have originated with the collecting of taxes by John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury in the late 15th century, who held that a man living modestly must be saving money and could therefore afford taxes, whereas if he was living extravagantly then he was obviously rich and could still afford them.
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Candid street shot Bergen, Norway.
A beautifully produced brochure, resplendent in a presentation envelope, and issued by the County of London Electric Suppl;y Company to commemorate the opening of their new power hous (power station) on the banks of the River Thames at Creekmouth in Barking. This great event took place on 19 May 1925 and, one strongly suspects, was the one time Royalty set foot at Creekmouth! The brochure has a potted history of the company that has been incorporated in 1891 to serve parts of South West London and some inner parishes adjacent to the City of London itself. These two supply areas were the reasoning behind their first two power stations at City Road, Islington and in Wandsworth.
The UK's fledgling electricial supply industry was rather an unholy mess with not just a multiplicity of supply undertakings (private and municipal) but also a wide range of supply voltages and phases. Some consolidation took place and the County of London Company was typical of the larger players in that they extended their supply area serviving a multiplicity of administrative areas that did not develop undertakings of their own as well as becoming 'bulk' suppliers of power to 'independent' undertakings. By the early 1920s their supply area had grown to cover much of East London and South Essex as seen on the map.
The construction fo Barking "A" as it would become known was first mooted in post-WW1 years to firstly increase capacity and also to ensure more thermally efficient production of supply than their older and smaller stations could obtain. The riverside plant allowed easy delivery of the coal fuel by river and allowed for the necessary cooling water. The designers and consultants were Merz & McLellan, the bulk of the equipment supplied by Vickers of Barrow and the turbines were by C A Parsons.
Barking was also effectively the outcome of increased co-operation the company had with three other closely connected concerns - the City of London Electric Lighting Company; the South London Electric Supply Corporation Limited; and the South Metropolitan Electric Light and Power Company Limited. This cooperation was something increasingly demanded of the industry by increased legislation and in 1926 the Central Electricity Board was formed. The CEB not only instituted the National Grid, interconnection requiring a national standard of production, but also 'designated' efficient stations. City Road was not, and closed in 1929, Wandsworth was and Barking saw expansion with the construction of the "B" section stage that was commissioned in 1933 and reached full capacity in 1939. The Company was nationalised in 1948 and it fell to the state to construct what was Barking "C" in 1954. Barking "A" was decommissioned in 1969, "B" in 1976 and finally "C" in 1981. The whole site was then cleared.
The brochure has a number of colour plates and sketches by artist Norman Howard as well as photographs of the plant. It is spledidly printed and produced by one of the better printing houses of the day, the esteemed George W Jones, at "The Sign of the Dolphin" in Gough Square, Fleet Street.
This plate shows the all important coal conveyor that moved the fuel used to fire the boilers between the river side and boiler house.