Photograph taken at an altitude of Forty five metres, in the beauty of Twilight, prior to the magic of the Golden Hour around sunrise (Sunrise was at precisely 04:38am), at 02:48am on Thursday 12th June 2014 off Lullingstone Lane and Eagle Heights overlooking the field adjacent to Lullingston Roman Villa in the village of Eynsford, Kent, England.

Twilight is a wonderful time for photography, when the human eye can barely decipher details and hue in the first light after darkness, and Mother Nature's beauty is unveiled moment by moment.

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Nikon D800 32mm 1 Second exposure f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Nikon RC-DC2 remote shutter release. AF-S Single point focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 21m 51.94s

LONGITUDE: E 0d 11m 48.99s

ALTITUDE: 45.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED FILE: 16.07MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

Memorial Reflecting Pool. New York City. Decem her 26, 2013. © Copyright 2014 G Dan Mitchell - all rights reserved.

Memorial reflecting pool and the National September 11 Memorial, New York City.

It is hard to know precisely what or how to write about this place as it evokes so many responses of all different sorts. On that September day over a decade ago we were on the opposite coast, watching the events unfold as if in a dream. A year and a half earlier we had stood on top of these buildings at night. Since then my oldest son has moved to New York and now works within a very short distance of this place. Our first visit to the site was a few years ago, when almost all original traces of the September 11 events were gone (though if you looked closely you could see chips and cracks in places), and it had become an incredibly busy construction site, with more cranes than I had ever seen in one place and with the new tower climbing skyward. It was hard to connect what we saw on that visit to what had occurred - until we walked around a corner and saw a memorial to firefighters from the closest fire station.

This time we first walked here on Christmas morning. We didn't pick that day for any particular reason except that we were not far away and it seemed like a place that we wanted to visit. We walked down, looked up at the new tower through trees, and walked back. The next day we wanted to visit the Memorial, so we returned and stood in the lines with thousands of other people in freezing weather as light snow flurries fell. Once there I knew I wanted to photograph, but I didn't want to intrude on anyone else, so I photographed things more than people in the flat, cloudy light. This photograph includes a bit of one of the pools, where water that has just fallen down the upper walls, leaving ice behind on this cold day, pauses momentarily before continuing its descent into the center void of the memorial.

G Dan Mitchell is a California photographer and visual opportunist whose subjects include the Pacific coast, redwood forests, central California oak/grasslands, the Sierra Nevada, California deserts, urban landscapes, night photography, and more.

Blog | About | Flickr | Twitter | Facebook | Google+ | 500px.com | LinkedIn | Email

Text, photographs, and other media are © Copyright G Dan Mitchell (or others when indicated) and are not in the public domain and may not be used on websites, blogs, or in other media without advance permission from G Dan Mitchell.

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***** Selected for sale in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on February 11th 2015

CREATIVE RF gty.im/ 537298205 MOMENT OPEN COLLECTION**

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Photograph taken at an altitude of Seven metres, in the magic of the Golden hour around sunrise at 05:31am, (sunrise was at precisely 06.15am) on Saturday 6th September 2014 off the Patricia Bay Highway 17, on Lochside Drive close to Frost Avenue and the Lochside Waterfront Park, in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

Here, we are looking over towards Mt Baker in Washington State, USA from beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Also known as Koma Kulshan, (pronounced kō-ō’mah’ kool-shän’),she is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States, standing 3,286 metres tall and was first ascended in 1868, her last eruption recorded in 1880.

The name Mount Baker first appeared in print in Captain Vancouver’s 1798 narrative of his voyage around Vancouver Island. Legend has it that his third-lieutenant, Joseph Baker, was the first to spot the mountain while they sailed into Dungeness Bay on April 30th, 1792. Also known by the Lummi as Kwud-Shad, and Koba (meaning 'high mountain always covered with snow', was the Skagit name.

Every morning around sunrise, the gathering of Canada Geese resting upon the water, take to the wing and fly East to West across the Bay. Each squadron of V formation Gese is known as a Skein, and the flight is reversed around the same time each eavening around sunset. An absolute joy to behold.

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Nikon D800 116mm 1/500s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 15.80s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 24m 12.85s

ALTITUDE: 7.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 23.64MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

Photograph taken at an altitude of Seven metres, in the magic of the Golden hour around sunrise at 05:35am, (sunrise was at precisely 06.15am) on Saturday 6th September 2014 off the Patricia Bay Highway 17, on Lochside Drive close to Frost Avenue and the Lochside Waterfront Park, in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

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Nikon D800 185mm 1/640s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 15.76s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 24m 12.94s

ALTITUDE: 7.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 7.07MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

Study lighting for 5 years, or study this new Nikon for 5 minutes.

To master lighting, professional photographers study for years.

But with the all-new Nikon FA, you can do it in minutes.

Inside the FA is the world's first Automatic Multi-Pattern Metering System. It divides the framed image into 5 segments, and precisely measures each for lighting differences. A microcomputer then compares this information with a wealth of standard exposure data programmed into its memory, and selects the ideal shutter speed and aperture.

So you get perfect exposures, even in the most difficult lighting - without using hand-held meters, special techniques, or bracketing.

The ultra-sophisticated FA also has four different operating modes, including Nikon's exclusive Dual Program Mode. Plus other breakthroughs like cybernetic override, 1/4000th sec. shutter speed, and 1/250th sec. flash sync speed.

The new Nikon FA. It's a study in perfection. From the company that's famous for it.

No one cares more about your image than Nikon. (from a 1984 magazine ad)

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Zoom-Nikkor 35-70mm f/3.5

Encompassing the moderate wideangle, normal and medium telephoto ranges with its 2:1 zooming ratio, the Zoom-Nikkor 35-70mm f/3.5 brings the dual advantages of increased mobility and high performance to 35mm photography. The lens' ability to zoom smoothly through the 35mm to 70mm focal length range enables the photographer to make maximum use of the 35mm film format; he can "trim the image" while it's still on camera, to fit precisely in the film frame. This is a considerable advantage to users of color transparency film in particular, as there is little possibility of darkroom manipulation later. The lens' performance, which for the first time, closely approaches that of a fixed focal length lens, opens up applications in all fields of photography, from press and action, to architectural and scientific, to ordinary family photography - in fact, any application where the full utilization of the 35mm film format is required in either black-and-white or color photography.

The Zoom-Nikkor 35-70mm f/3.5's controls are functional and well laid out, with zooming and focusing controls being independent of each other for maximum flexibility in operation. Both controls are graduated. The focusing control in feet and meters down to the lens' closest focusing distance of 1 meter (3.5ft). The zooming ring has graduations for the equivalent focal lengths of 35, 50 and 70mm. Nikon Integrated Coating (NIC) is applied to all optical surfaces where it will produce beneficial results. The lens couples fully to both the full-aperture metering systems and automatic diaphragm mechanisms of all Nikon and Nikkormat cameras. However, in case of non-AI type cameras, manual indexing of the lens' maximum aperture is required. (from a October 1977 leaflet)

Sean Kenney’s Nature Connects Made with LEGO® Bricks, features sculptures by artist Sean Kenney constructed entirely of LEGO bricks.

These precisely built yet whimsical pieces are designed to inspire both the young and the young-at-heart about the natural world. Kenney uses only standard, off-the-shelf, commercially available LEGO® pieces for his sculptures – no special colors or shapes. Each piece is connected to another, and the sculptures are built within the rules of the LEGO system.

For the exhibition, 15 sculptures will be nestled among beds throughout the main garden, creating a sense of exploration and adventure as visitors stroll along the pathways.

atlantabg.org/gainesville-garden/sean-kenneys-nature-conn...

Photograph taken at an altitude of Forty five metres, prior to the magic of the Golden Hour around sunrise (Sunrise was at precisely 04:38am), at 02:49am on Thursday 12th June 2014 off Lullingstone Lane and next to Lullingstone Roman Villa overlooking the field close to Eynsford Viaduct in the village of Eynsford, Kent, England.

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Nikon D800 50mm 1/1.3 Second exposure f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Nikon RC-DC2 remote shutter release. AF-S Single point focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 21m 51.91s

LONGITUDE: E 0d 11m 48.92s

ALTITUDE: 45.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED FILE: 15.54MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.90 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

The Patwon Ji ki Haveli is an interesting piece of Architecture and is the most important among the havelis in Jaisalmer. This is precisely because of two things, first that it was the first haveli erected in Jaisalmer and second, that it is not a single haveli but a cluster of 5 small havelis. The first among these havelis was commissioned and constructed in the year 1805 by Guman Chand Patwa and is the biggest and the most ostentatious. It is believed that Patwa was a rich man and was a renowned trader of his time. He could afford and thus ordered the construction of separate stories for each of his 5 sons. These were completed in the span of 50 years. All five houses were constructed in the first 60 years of the 19th century.

The havelis are also known as the 'mansion of brocade merchants'. This name has been given probably because the family dealt in threads of gold and silver used in embroidering dresses. However, there are theories, which claim that these traders made considerable amount of money in Opium smuggling and Money-lending.

This is the largest Haveli in Jaisalmer and stands in a narrow lane. This haveli is presently occupied by the government, which uses it for various purposes. The office of the Archeological Survey of India and State art and craft department is situated in the haveli itself.

Nevertheless, even after these encroachments and abuse you can find a good amount of paintings and mirror-works on the wall. The other important aspects are its gateways and arches. You will notice individual depictions and theme on each and every arch. Although the whole building is made yellow sandstone, the main gateway of the Patwon Ji ki Haveli is in brown color.

This photograph was taken in the magic of The Golden Hour around Sunrise, (Sunrise was at precisely 07:39am), at an altitude of Zero metres, at 08:32am on Thursday January 28th 2016 off Botany Road and Marine Drive, on the sandy shoreline of Botany Bay in Broadstairs, Kent, England.

The common whelk (Buccinum undatum), is a large edible marine gastropod in the family Buccinidae, which thrives in colder sea climates around the globe.

I set off at 05:00am on a clear morning, the moon and the stars out to dazzle in temperatures around five degrees, on a pleasant hour and half long journey to enjoy a lovely sunrise. The seven bays in Broadstairs consist of: (From south to north) Dumpton Gap, Louisa Bay, Viking Bay, Stone Bay, Joss Bay, Kingsgate Bay and Botany Bay.

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Nikon D800 34mm 1/125s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14Bit) Nikon back focus button enabled. AF-C Continuous point focus with 3-D tracking. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance. Nikon AF Fine tune set to +12.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 23m 14.86s

LONGITUDE: E 1d 26m 25.79s

ALTITUDE: 0.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 18.04MB

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PROCESSING POWER:

Nikon D800 Firmware versions A 1.10 B 1.10 L 2.009 (Lens distortion control version 2)

HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB SATA storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit (Version 1.2.4 24/11/2016). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.

Photograph taken at an altitude of Eight metres, in the magic of the Golden hour around sunrise at 05:41am, (sunrise was at precisely 06.15am) on Saturday 6th September 2014 off the Patricia Bay Highway 17, on Lochside Drive close to Frost Avenue and the Lochside Waterfront Park, in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

Here, I am standing beside the wooden decked viewing platform, looking over towards Mt Baker in Washington State, USA from beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Also known as Koma Kulshan, she is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States, standing 3,286 metres tall and was first ascended in 1868, her last eruption recorded in 1880.

These Canada Geese, along with many other small groups (known as a Skein of geese), fly across the lake from East to West every morning and back again every evening at Sunset, and I love to watch the classic Vee formations and listen to the honking as they pass me by.

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Nikon D800 70mm 1/1000s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 15.78s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 24m 12.85s

ALTITUDE: 8.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 9.31MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

The Fabergé Golden Diamond Jubilee Egg."

Crafted with precisely 500 grams of rose gold, the design of this one-of-a-kind prize is based on Fabergé’s much loved Matelassé jewellery collection. It features 60 gemstones - one for each year of Her Majesty The Queen’s reign - set in the pleats of its quilted rose gold surface and comprising diamonds, emeralds, rubies and sapphires.

The Diamond Jubilee Egg, valued at £100,000, is the supreme prize in the world’s most prestigious Easter egg hunt – The Fabergé Big Egg Hunt.

funny how precisely one repeats oneself, without realizing it

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***** Selected for sale in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on March 2nd 2015

CREATIVE RF gty.im/540764803 MOMENT OPEN COLLECTION**

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Photograph taken at an altitude of Eight metres, in the magic of the Golden hour around sunrise at 05:41am, (sunrise was at precisely 06.15am) on Saturday 6th September 2014 off the Patricia Bay Highway 17, on Lochside Drive close to Frost Avenue and the Lochside Waterfront Park, in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

Here, we are looking over towards Mt Baker in Washington State, USA from beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Also known as Koma Kulshan, (pronounced kō-ō’mah’ kool-shän’),she is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States, standing 3,286 metres tall and was first ascended in 1868, her last eruption recorded in 1880.

The name Mount Baker first appeared in print in Captain Vancouver’s 1798 narrative of his voyage around Vancouver Island. Legend has it that his third-lieutenant, Joseph Baker, was the first to spot the mountain while they sailed into Dungeness Bay on April 30th, 1792. Also known by the Lummi as Kwud-Shad, and Koba (meaning 'high mountain always covered with snow', was the Skagit name.

These Canada Geese, along with many other small groups (known as a Skein of geese), fly across the lake from East to West every morning and back again every evening at Sunset, and I love to watch the classic Vee formations and listen to the honking as they pass me by.

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Nikon D800 70mm 1/1000s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 15.78s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 24m 12.85s

ALTITUDE: 8.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 11.91MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

Built on sloping, antique sand dunes prone to massive mudslides. Just look at these.

As Professor Anthony Turton explains: "the simple reality is that between the Umzimkulu in the south and the Umlazi in North, there is a precisely defined geological province. The main feature is a basement consisting of igneous rock originating in volcanic and tectonic events over geological timescales measured in billions of years. That same region is bounded in both the north and south by a tectonic feature associated with rifting and faulting. Oribi Gorge is a feature of those tectonic forces.

Onto that basement we find an unconsolidated overlay of sand and clay. This is rich in iron oxide and is a reddish colour as a result. The overlay is the result of geomorphology measured in a shorter timescale of millions of years, as opposed to the basement feature that is the result of a much older timescale measured in billions of years.

This younger formation is the result of two sculpting forces - wind and water. The area used to be coastal wetland, and as sea levels rose and fell with successive warmer and cooler paleo climates, we find a layering of aeolian formations deposited above hydraulically deposited formations. The aeolian formation is characterised by wind driven dunes that mobilized particles of sand and clay of different fractions. Those sand dunes were characterised by rolling wavelike formations, all along the coastal area. These were consolidated over time by forest and grassland vegetation, which stabilised them.

This is evident where there is no surface striking rock formation and can be seen in the valleys scoured by rivers. Those valleys reveal the underlying geological formation of rock, now manifesting as meanders with relatively steep sides carved out by the action of water in paleo flood events. This means that flooding is what has shaped the region and is an entirely natural ocurrance with a history covering geological timescales.

This is further evidenced by the sedimentary deposition of silt in the ocean, for a considerable distance offshore. We see that process playing out right now as muddy seawater all along the coast, stretching almost to the horizon. That muddy water consists of the fine clay fraction of the eroded soil profile, held in suspension as a colloid and therefore persistent over time, but always associated with a flood event.

This is a simplistic description of a complex reality, but it shows that the geomorphology has been driven mostly by hydraulic and aeolian forces, at least insofar as the consolidated sand dunes are concerned. Tectonic events drove earlier geomorphology, manifest as rifting and faulting, but the more recent drivers have been floods.

Therefore flooding is a characteristic of the geological province, so policy designed to mitigate risk ought to be based on the assumption that future flood events will be a reasonably predictable driver of risk. Stated differently, and in simple form, the following is true of the coastal region between the Umzimkulu and Ulmazi rivers.

1) The absence of surface striking basement geology along the coastal strip renders the region geotechnically unstable and in need of precise building standards that must be strictly enforced.

2) Flooding is a natural occurrence that has shaped the geomorphology of both the land and immediate offshore sub-sea terrain.

3) Climate variability is a natural process, exacerbated by anthropogenic intervention, and is likely to feature an increase in extreme events, at least in our lifetime.

These three factors ought to be built into policy if the human population, and financial investment in the region, is to be protected in future.

Note that this is a gross simplification of a complex reality, rendered in such a way as to make it understandable to policymakers in government, insurance company decision makers, and investors deciding to purchase real estate."

Photograph taken at an altitude of Three metres in the golden hour around sunrise, (Sunrise was at precisely 05:26am), at 05:54am on Thursday May 3rd 2018 off Botany Road and Foreness Close on the sandy shoreline of Botany Bay, the northern most of seven bays in Broadstairs , Kent, England.

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Nikon D850 24mm 1/125s (Electronic front curtain) f/4.0 iso64 RAW (14 bit uncompressed) Image size L 8256 x 5504 FX). Colour space Adobe RGB. AF-C focus 51 point with 3-D tracking. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto 0 white balance (8030K). Nikon Distortion control on. Vignette control Normal.

Nikkor AF-S 24-120mm f/4G ED VR. Phot-R ultra slim 77mm UV filter. Nikon EN-EL15a battery. Matin quick release neckstrap. My Memory 128GB Class 10 SDXC. Lowepro Flipside 400 AW camera bag. Nikon GP-1 GPS module. Manfrotto 055Xprob Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections. Manfrotto 327RC2 Magnesium Ball Head. Manfrotto quick release plate 200PL-14. Jessops Tripod bag.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 23m 18.80s

LONGITUDE: E 1d 26m 15.20s

ALTITUDE: 3.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE: 130.00MB (NEF 91.6mb)

PROCESSED (JPeg) FILE: 15.60MB

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PROCESSING POWER:

Nikon D850 Firmware versions C 1.01 (16/01/2018) LD Distortion Data 2.017 (20/3/18)

HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB SATA storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit (Version 1.2.11 15/03/2018). Nikon Capture NX-D 64bit (Version 1.4.7 15/03/2018). Nikon Picture Control Utility 2 (Version 1.3.2 15/03/2018). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.

Built on sloping, antique sand dunes prone to massive mudslides. Just look at these.

As Professor Anthony Turton explains: "the simple reality is that between the Umzimkulu in the south and the Umlazi in North, there is a precisely defined geological province. The main feature is a basement consisting of igneous rock originating in volcanic and tectonic events over geological timescales measured in billions of years. That same region is bounded in both the north and south by a tectonic feature associated with rifting and faulting. Oribi Gorge is a feature of those tectonic forces.

Onto that basement we find an unconsolidated overlay of sand and clay. This is rich in iron oxide and is a reddish colour as a result. The overlay is the result of geomorphology measured in a shorter timescale of millions of years, as opposed to the basement feature that is the result of a much older timescale measured in billions of years.

This younger formation is the result of two sculpting forces - wind and water. The area used to be coastal wetland, and as sea levels rose and fell with successive warmer and cooler paleo climates, we find a layering of aeolian formations deposited above hydraulically deposited formations. The aeolian formation is characterised by wind driven dunes that mobilized particles of sand and clay of different fractions. Those sand dunes were characterised by rolling wavelike formations, all along the coastal area. These were consolidated over time by forest and grassland vegetation, which stabilised them.

This is evident where there is no surface striking rock formation and can be seen in the valleys scoured by rivers. Those valleys reveal the underlying geological formation of rock, now manifesting as meanders with relatively steep sides carved out by the action of water in paleo flood events. This means that flooding is what has shaped the region and is an entirely natural ocurrance with a history covering geological timescales.

This is further evidenced by the sedimentary deposition of silt in the ocean, for a considerable distance offshore. We see that process playing out right now as muddy seawater all along the coast, stretching almost to the horizon. That muddy water consists of the fine clay fraction of the eroded soil profile, held in suspension as a colloid and therefore persistent over time, but always associated with a flood event.

This is a simplistic description of a complex reality, but it shows that the geomorphology has been driven mostly by hydraulic and aeolian forces, at least insofar as the consolidated sand dunes are concerned. Tectonic events drove earlier geomorphology, manifest as rifting and faulting, but the more recent drivers have been floods.

Therefore flooding is a characteristic of the geological province, so policy designed to mitigate risk ought to be based on the assumption that future flood events will be a reasonably predictable driver of risk. Stated differently, and in simple form, the following is true of the coastal region between the Umzimkulu and Ulmazi rivers.

1) The absence of surface striking basement geology along the coastal strip renders the region geotechnically unstable and in need of precise building standards that must be strictly enforced.

2) Flooding is a natural occurrence that has shaped the geomorphology of both the land and immediate offshore sub-sea terrain.

3) Climate variability is a natural process, exacerbated by anthropogenic intervention, and is likely to feature an increase in extreme events, at least in our lifetime.

These three factors ought to be built into policy if the human population, and financial investment in the region, is to be protected in future.

Note that this is a gross simplification of a complex reality, rendered in such a way as to make it understandable to policymakers in government, insurance company decision makers, and investors deciding to purchase real estate."

Photograph taken at an altitude of Fifty seven metres, during the first vestiges of dawn light prior to the magic of the Golden Hour around sunrise (Sunrise was at precisely 04:38am), at 03:41am on Thursday 12th June 2014 off Lullingstone Lane and Eagle Heights in the poppy field close to Eynsford Viaduct in the village of Eynsford, Kent, England.

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Nikon D800 24mm 1/6s f/5.6 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Nikon RC-DC2 remote shutter release. AF-S Single point focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 22m 3.31s

LONGITUDE: E 0d 11m 53.60s

ALTITUDE: 57.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED FILE: 19.95MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.90 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

I don't recall precisely when, but it was at least 1 year ago that I sat down for a day, collected photos of the model and reverse engineered a large part of this model www.flickr.com/photos/origamijoel/2683628160/in/photostream by Joel Cooper.

After having gotten some Elephant hide recently, I took the time to go back and pick the task back up.

This is, for the most part, more of a test fold than anything. So it's far from perfect. There are also differences between his multiple renditions, so there may be some discrepancies.

Unfortunately, due to few good photos showing the right side of the model (the figure's left), the process of reverse engineering essentially came to a stand-still.

I started doing work on figuring out this model www.flickr.com/photos/origamijoel/5381763421/in/photostream and it's ended up being much more of a challenge than I initially anticipated, but the process is still a lot of fun for me :)

"Wood Frogs are “cold blooded” (or more precisely, ectothermic), so their body temperature closely tracks the temperature around them. Temperatures have to dip slightly below 32 degrees Fahrenheit to freeze a frog, and ice begins to grow when an ice crystal touches the frog’s skin. Like falling dominoes, the ice triggers a cascade of particles that form as the temperature drops.

But these amphibians don’t just turn into a block of ice. A chain of events occurs to protect the freezing frog. Minutes after ice starts to form in the skin, a wood frog’s liver begins converting sugars, stored as glycogen, into glucose. This sugar is released from the liver and carried through the bloodstream to every tissue where it helps keep cells from completely dehydrating and shrinking.

As the wood frog is freezing, its heart continues pumping the protective glucose around its body, but the frog’s heart slows and eventually stops. All other organs stop functioning. The frog doesn’t use oxygen and actually appears to be dead. In fact, if you opened up a frozen frog, the organs would look like “beef jerky” and the frozen water around the organs like a “snow cone,” says Jon Costanzo, a physiological ecologist at Miami University in Ohio who studies freeze-tolerance.

When in its frogcicle state, as much as 70 percent of the water in a frog’s body can be frozen, write researchers Jack Layne and Richard Lee in their 1995 article (pdf) in Climate Research. Frogs can survive all winter like this, undergoing cycles of freezing and thawing." Scienceline.org

Salton City Beach and Westmorland.

I cant remember exactly where this is precisely except that it is in what is left of what never was Salton City; a ghost city which appears on google maps but is in fact not there save for graded gravel driveways which would have been streets and skeletal framework of telephone poles which hold aloft wires that are functionless and power or communicate nothing.

There is a section if the city which was once populated by trailer homes and has since been eviscerated by weather and salt from the dying lake on which the city is named. Being there, the places is eerily silent and is reminiscent of of the opening scenes in Robert Wise's film depiction of Micheal Chrichton's 'The Andromeda Strain' where a small town is wiped out by an alien contaminant.

--I dont understand why so many people are asking me to delete this picture? Whats the problem? The image is part of a documentary about the area, this particular image is one of three taken in close proximity to eachother, i dont have the time to physically scan and put them all up at one time, but asking me to delete my images is just fucking obnoxious. You should be ashamed of yourselves.

RUNNER UP

Ruth Calloway (College of Science)

Here, art inspired research, or more precisely the visualisation of research.

Marine biodiversity is bamboozling and ecologists compress, order and simplify information to uncover general diversity patterns.

An article about the Dutch painter Piet Mondrian in an airline magazine motivated the visualisation of the complex marine world as a ‘Mondrian Sum of Squares’. It simultaneously shows numerical, taxonomic and functional information of the seafloor community in Swansea Bay.

Each field, large or small, represents a different species. The size of the square or rectangle indicates how common a species is. Colour indicates taxonomic groups: blue = polychaete worm species, yellow = bivalve shell species, red = shrimp-like crustaceans. White and grey fields show other taxonomic groups; white = mobile species, grey = sessile species.

The relatively few large squares show that there is just a handful of common species, and the overwhelming number of blue fields visualise the importance of worm species for Swansea Bay’s biodiversity.

Châteauvieux (literally, “Old Castle”) is a very small village –a hamlet, really– incorporated since 1658 in the not much larger village of Yzeron, a few kilometers west of the city of Lyon. From that city, and more precisely from the venerable abbey of Ainay, came the Benedictine monks who built a small chapel in Châteauvieux, around Year 1000. It seems that it was never meant to be a priory, just a parochial church gifted by the abbey to a growing local Christian community.

I had heard a few years back about the chapel, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist and which had only been listed on the secondary list of Historic Landmarks in 1979. Considering the very old age of the monument, this late listing (and not even on the main list) seemed a bit strange, and I went to see it in 2020. It stood in a walled enclosure and all I could do was take a photograph over the wall where it was the lowest, and in a somewhat precarious position (I will post that old photo under the #1 picture in this series).

I returned to Châteauvieux in April 2025 in my capacity as pro bono photographer for the Fondation du Patrimoine, as the chapel needs restoration works largely exceeding the financial means of the village of Yzeron. Thus, the Fondation will launch a fundraising campaign and possibly also use some of its own resources to cover all or part of the cost. To document the monument in its “before” condition, I was granted full access and could see the inside for the first time.

The floor plan is very simply basilical, with a narrower, flat apse protruding at the eastern end. The flat apse, as well as the apparel, are indicative of early 11th century, perhaps even older. Inside, the ever-present long and thin arch stones also point in the same direction. The relieving arches along the side walls rest on massive square pillars of medium to large apparel, and many of them slant visibly —the camera was of course perfectly leveled, as always, before the photos were taken. Many parts of the walls (most notably in the apse, which is probably the oldest part) and all of the rib-vaulted ceilings are plastered or cemented over, which prevent us from reading the history of the monument in the stones.

The façade is humble and nondescript, like the rest. At most can we discern an effort at outlining three successive levels in the elevation, using larger stones. There may have been a tympanum, although the general starkness of the church makes it doubtful. Whatever was there originally has been replaced by a modern window.

This was a difficult photo to take because of the enclosure wall that is right behind where the camera is. I had to shoot a four-exposure panorama (stitched in Photoshop) to include the whole width of the façade.

Photograph taken at an altitude of Seven metres, in the magic of the Golden hour around sunrise at 05:35am, (sunrise was at precisely 06.15am) on Saturday 6th September 2014 off the Patricia Bay Highway 17, on Lochside Drive close to Frost Avenue and the Lochside Waterfront Park, in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

Here, we are looking over towards Mt Baker in Washington State, USA from beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Also known as Koma Kulshan, (pronounced kō-ō’mah’ kool-shän’),she is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States, standing 3,286 metres tall and was first ascended in 1868, her last eruption recorded in 1880.

The name Mount Baker first appeared in print in Captain Vancouver’s 1798 narrative of his voyage around Vancouver Island. Legend has it that his third-lieutenant, Joseph Baker, was the first to spot the mountain while they sailed into Dungeness Bay on April 30th, 1792. Also known by the Lummi as Kwud-Shad, and Koba (meaning 'high mountain always covered with snow', was the Skagit name.

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Nikon D800 185mm 1/640s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 15.75s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 24m 12.95s

ALTITUDE: 7.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 22.61MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

It's precisely 16:00 hours when flight SPEEDBIRD 27 arrives for Afternoon Tea from London (LHR).

Right on time, and very British, the frame would touchdown on runway 25R moments later.

This frame brought me from Hong Kong (HKG) to London (LHR) in November 2010 as Speedbird 28.

This photo can also be seen here:

www.airliners.net/photo/British-Airways/Boeing-747-436/20...

Found during the walk in the forest (look at previous photo) :)

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a species of shrub with edible fruit of blue color, more precisely called common bilberry or blue whortleberry. It is found natively in Europe, northern Asia, Greenland, Iceland, Western Canada, and the Western United States. It occurs in the wild on heathlands and acidic soils. Its berry has been long consumed in the Old World. It is related to the widely cultivated North American blueberry. The bilberry fruit is smaller than that of the blueberry and similar in taste. Bilberries are darker in colour, and usually appear near black with a slight shade of blue. While the blueberry's fruit pulp is light green, the bilberry's is red or purple, heavily staining the fingers and lips of consumers eating the raw fruit. Vaccinium myrtillus fruits has been used for nearly 1,000 years in traditional European medicine for treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and diabetes. In cooking, the bilberry fruit is commonly used for the same purposes as the American blueberry such as pies, cakes, jams, muffins, cookies, sauces, syrups, juices, and candies.

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Jagódki pstryknięte podczas leśnego spaceru :)

Borówka czarna (Vaccinium myrtillus) – gatunek rośliny wieloletniej z rodziny wrzosowatych. Ma wiele nazw zwyczajowych, m.in. jagoda, czarna jagoda, czernica. Roślina jest szeroko rozprzestrzeniona w Azji, Europie i Ameryce Północnej na obszarach o klimacie umiarkowanym i arktycznym. W Polsce jest pospolita zarówno na nizinach, jak i w górach. Jest wykorzystywana szeroko jako roślina jadalna i lecznicza. Znaczenie gospodarcze borówki czarnej pozostaje wysokie mimo silnej konkurencji znacznie bardziej plennych borówek północnoamerykańskich, których owoce mają uboższy skład chemiczny od czernicy. Owoce borówki czarnej były od dawna bardzo istotne dla Słowian i ludów północnej Europy. Używano jej owoców jako lekarstwa przy biegunkach i krwawej dyzenterii. Zastosowanie takie utrzymało się w lecznictwie ludowym, przy czym często zalecano je także w większych dawkach przeciw owsikom. Ponadto owoce borówki czarnej oferowane i spożywane są w postaci świeżej, suszonej, mrożonej oraz jako składnik przetworów takich jak dżemy, ciasta, soki oraz ciekłe lub sproszkowane koncentraty, będące suplementem diety. Przetwory z jagód wyróżniają się długą trwałością.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin

Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. It is on the east coast of Ireland, in the province of Leinster, at the mouth of the River Liffey, and is bordered on the south by the Wicklow Mountains. It has an urban area population of 1,173,179, while the population of the Dublin Region (formerly County Dublin), as of 2016, was 1,347,359, and the population of the Greater Dublin area was 1,904,806.

There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD. Later expanded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin, the city became Ireland's principal settlement following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland.

Dublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education, the arts, administration and industry. As of 2018 the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as a global city, with a ranking of "Alpha −", which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness

Arthur Guinness (24 September 1725 – 23 January 1803) was an Irish brewer and the founder of the Guinness brewery business and family. He was also an entrepreneur and philanthropist.

At 27, in 1752, Guinness's godfather Arthur Price, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Cashel, bequeathed him £100 in his will. Guinness invested the money and in 1755 had a brewery at Leixlip, just 17 km from Dublin. In 1759, Guinness went to the city and set up his own business. He took a 9,000-year lease on the 4-acre (16,000 m2) brewery at St. James's Gate from the descendants of Sir Mark Rainsford for an annual rent of £45.

Guinness's flowery red signature is still copied on every label of bottled Guinness.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Storehouse

Guinness Storehouse is a tourist attraction at St. James's Gate Brewery in Dublin, Ireland. Since opening in 2000, it has received over four million visitors.

The Storehouse covers seven floors surrounding a glass atrium shaped in the form of a pint of Guinness. The ground floor introduces the beer's four ingredients (water, barley, hops and yeast), and the brewery's founder, Arthur Guinness. Other floors feature the history of Guinness advertising and include an interactive exhibit on responsible drinking. The seventh floor houses the Gravity Bar with views of Dublin and where visitors may drink a pint of Guinness included in the price of admission, which was €18.50 on 15 October 2018 with discounts depending on dates and times, described as "overpriced" by Condé Nast Traveler. In 2006, a new wing opened incorporating a live installation of the present-day brewing process.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Brewery

St. James's Gate Brewery (Irish: Grúdlann Gheata Naomh Séamuis) is a brewery founded in 1759 in Dublin, Ireland, by Arthur Guinness. The company is now a part of Diageo, a British company formed from the merger of Guinness and Grand Metropolitan in 1997. The main product of the brewery is Guinness Draught.

Originally leased in 1759 to Arthur Guinness at IR£45 (Irish pounds) per year for 9,000 years, the St. James's Gate area has been the home of Guinness ever since. It became the largest brewery in Ireland in 1838, and the largest in the world by 1886, with an annual output of 1.2 million barrels. Although no longer the largest brewery in the world, it remains as the largest brewer of stout. The company has since bought out the originally leased property, and during the 19th and early 20th centuries the brewery owned most of the buildings in the surrounding area, including many streets of housing for brewery employees, and offices associated with the brewery. The brewery also made all of its own power using its own power plant.

There is an attached exhibition on the 250-year-old history of Guinness, called the Guinness Storehouse.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness

Guinness is a dark Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness at St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland, in 1759. It is one of the most successful beer brands worldwide, brewed in almost 50 countries, and available in over 120. Sales in 2011 amounted to 850 million litres (220,000,000 US gal). It is popular with the Irish, both in Ireland and abroad. In spite of declining consumption since 2001, it is still the best-selling alcoholic drink in Ireland where Guinness & Co. Brewery makes almost €2 billion worth annually.

Guinness' burnt flavour derives from malted barley and roasted unmalted barley, a relatively modern development, not becoming part of the grist until the mid-20th century. For many years, a portion of aged brew was blended with freshly brewed beer to give a sharp lactic acid flavour. Although Guinness's palate still features a characteristic "tang", the company has refused to confirm whether this type of blending still occurs. The draught beer's thick, creamy head comes from mixing the beer with nitrogen and carbon dioxide.[6]

The company moved its headquarters to London at the beginning of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in 1932. In 1997, Guinness Plc merged with Grand Metropolitan to form the multinational alcoholic-drinks producer Diageo plc, based out of London.

A profession as being a Samir Barai Dentist can be demanding, fulfilling, along with worthwhile. There are several spots which you could opt to operate if you want to handle such a career. To the the field of Samir Barai Samir Barai Dentistry authorities which might be serious, they will often contemplate opening up an individual training. If you undertake plan to acquire this specific path, you must learn precisely what retreats into Samir Barai Samir Barai Dentist advertising and marketing.

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When you have your web site working, you'll want to improve the idea. Search engine optimisation 's what search engines like yahoo employ to showcase your web site for you to buyers. Should you not recognize everything with regards to search engine optimisation, there are many of outdoor companies that may help you using this type of.

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NASA image acquired June 22, 2000

To see the full view of this image go here: www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/5302663715

It is the “Island of the Seven Mountains, ” or more precisely in Russian: “having seven hills.” This uninhabited volcanic island is also an important nesting area for maritime birds of the North Pacific.

Situated on the far end of the Aleutians, Semisopochnoi Island is simultaneously the most easterly and westerly point of the United States of America. Roughly 1,275 miles (2,050 kilometers) west-southwest of Anchorage, Alaska, Semisopochnoi lies near the 180-degree line of longitude, in the Rat Islands group in the western Aleutian Islands.

This pseudo-true color image was acquired on June 22, 2000, by the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on Landsat 7. Colors are what you would expect: snow is white, bare ground is tan, water is blue, clouds are grey, and vegetation is green.

The seven hills of the island are volcanic peaks, each with a summit crater, including Cerberus, Sugarloaf Peak, Lakeshore Cone, Anvil Peak, Pochnoi, Ragged Top, and Three-quarter Cone. The high point of the island is Anvil Peak at 1,221meters, a double-peaked cone. The three-peaked Mount Cerberus volcano (774 meters high) grew up within the caldera as the volcanic hot spot rose up from the sea floor. Most documented eruptions have come from Cerberus, with the most recent major eruption recorded in 1873. The most recent eruption on the island, though minor, came from Sugarloaf in 1987.

Semisopochnoi has no native land mammals, so it is a natural nesting area for sea birds. But bird populations were decimated after Arctic foxes were introduced to the island for fur farming in the 19th century. In 1997, the last fox was removed from the island to allow the birds a safe refuge again. Part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR), the island now supports more than a million seabirds, particularly auklets, according to the National Audubon Society.

NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen, using Landsat data provided by the United States Geological Survey. Caption by Michael Carlowicz.

Instrument: Landsat 7 - ETM+

Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.

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Photograph taken at an altitude of Nine metres, in the magic prior to the Golden hour around sunrise at 05:40am, (sunrise was at precisely 06.15am) on Saturday 6th September 2014 off the Patricia Bay Highway 17, on Lochside Drive close to Frost Avenue and the Lochside Waterfront Park, in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

Here, I am standing beside the wooden decked viewing platform, looking over from beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.Here we are looking over towards Mt Baker in Washington State, USA. Also known as Koma Kulshan, she is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States, standing 3,286 metres tall and was first ascended in 1868, her last eruption recorded in 1880.

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Nikon D800 70mm 1/1000s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 15.76s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 24m 12.76s

ALTITUDE: 9.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 9.03MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

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***** Selected for sale in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on March 19th 2015

CREATIVE RF gty.im/543626801 MOMENT OPEN COLLECTION**

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Photograph taken at an altitude of Eight metres, in the magic of the Golden hour around sunrise at 06:59am (Sunrise was at precisely 07:02am), on Sunday 21st September 2014 off 1st Street and Bevan Avenue, from the very end of the Bevan Avenue fishing pier in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

Here, we are looking over towards Mt Baker in Washington State, USA from beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Also known as Koma Kulshan, (pronounced kō-ō’mah’ kool-shän’),she is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States, standing 3,286 metres tall and was first ascended in 1868, her last eruption recorded in 1880.

The name Mount Baker first appeared in print in Captain Vancouver’s 1798 narrative of his voyage around Vancouver Island. Legend has it that his third-lieutenant, Joseph Baker, was the first to spot the mountain while they sailed into Dungeness Bay on April 30th, 1792. Also known by the Lummi as Kwud-Shad, and Koba (meaning 'high mountain always covered with snow', was the Skagit name.

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Nikon D800 165mm 1/4000s f/4.5 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Mirror up. Nikkor AF-S TC20EIII 2.0x teleconverter. Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikkor AF-S TC20EIII 2.0x teleconverter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 54.82s

LONGITUDE: W 123d 23m 38.64s

ALTITUDE: 8.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 9.10MB

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PROCESSING POWER:

HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB SATA storage. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.3 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

Fireworks over the Verrazzano Bridge

This photograph was taken in the magic of The Golden Hour around Sunrise (Sunrise was at precisely 07:56am), at an altitude of Two metres, at 07:39am on Sunday January 11th 2014 off Botany Road and Marine Drive, on the sandy shoreline of Botany Bay in Broadstairs, Kent, England.

I set off at 05:30am on a very chilly morning, around two degrees, and a bracing wind that pounded flesh and bones, but well worth the one and a half hour journey there to enjoy a lovely sunrise. The seven bays in Broadstairs consist of: (From south to north) Dumpton Gap, Louisa Bay, Viking Bay, Stone Bay, Joss Bay, Kingsgate Bay and Botany Bay.

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Nikon D800 36mm 1/100s f/2.8 iso125 RAW (14Bit) -2.7EV compensation. AF-S single point focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 23m 20.27s

LONGITUDE: E 1d 26m 7.69s

ALTITUDE: 2.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 12.63MB

Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

20210220-0118

Cat - no Oxa.........

Shame on me!

Previously, this was set up "correctly" with all early Campagnolo Nuovo Record components and Universal model 61 brakes - precisely as would have come on the all-Italian bike originally, 40 years ago. The various components seen here now span more than 40 years and were produced in several different countries on three continents.

Because this small (21 inch / 53cm c-c) frameset has never been a comfortable fit, I seldom rode the bike with the correct components with which I had originally built up the bike after purchasing the frameset. So, as seen here, it has been greatly re-configured to provide me with more comfortable rides around town.

I had originally considered using this frameset as a single speed bike, but a brief mock-up using a spare modern geared wheelset quickly changed those plans. It now has a rear derailleur, modern 9-speed wheelset, a single Simplex retro-friction shifter [mounted since this photo], a salvaged and then modified (drilled) Specialites TA crankset with single chainring, modern bullhorn bars and modern dual pivot brakes. A recent 20 mile test spin was the best ride I had ever experienced on this bike. The new low profile platform pedals combined with flat soled casual shoes now allow a lower saddle height and the flat bars (rather than drop bars) let me to ride without straining my neck. The longer reach of these bars further eliminates the too-cramped riding position I had experienced on this bike as set up before.

The modern rear cassette (using 12-32 tooth cogs across 8 of the 9 on this 11-32t cassette) gives me a wide range of 42 to 112 gear inches with the single 51 tooth chainring. Lower gearing would be even better for the local hills, but this happened to be the spare TA chainring which I had also toyed with when I had first salvaged the badly worn cranks several years back, so I decided to leave it on... for now.

* For a more familiar reference point, consider that the gearing of a 13-28t 7-speed freewheel combined with 39x52t chainrings will give essentially the same gearing (with no overlap) using both chainrings and only 9 incremental shifts as would this 11-32 9-speed cassette using a single 44t chainring - around 36 to 106 gear inches. To my mind, the latter application, at last fully utilizing the potential of the many cogs found on modern cassettes, makes perfect sense.

Total weight of the bike as shown: 9,580 grams (21.1 pounds).

Click Here to see a complete list of components which I now use on this bike.

Like you, I have heard the term "blended family" in recent years,

with all of us knowing precisely what it means and implies, but I must say, with all humility, that yours truly invented the phenomenon, albeit without an official term, some 45 years ago. Circa 1975 or '76, I assembled this collection of dolls and puppets from friends and associates of mine to make this formal portrait of a very diverse group of unique characters, and made

it with only living room window light and a huge white fill-card on the opposite side of the group.

For the record, I had a lesser version of this photo in my photo-stream back in year one or year two, but the version has been

considerably improved with the advent of all manner of post-production software since 2012 or '13. As such, I offer up this new, improved product, much like the latest iteration of wrinkle-

reducing skin cream, but at no expense to the viewer and, thus,

with no chance whatsoever of your being ripped-off.

This original image here was recorded on Kodachrome transparency film, probably Kodachrome 25 or 64, and then saved to a digital file by some expert digital transformationalists operating out of Idaho, back about 10 years ago. Credit must be given to those folks who operate behind the scenes, yet are

very important cogs in the wheel of photographic creativity.

Thank you gents, whatever your company name was. I am 73 years old now, and have earned the right to forget it. No disrespect intended.

Photograph taken in the magic of The Golden Hour around Sunrise (Sunrise was at precisely 07:46am), at an altitude of One metres, at 06:39am on Tuesday December 9th 2014 off Botany Road and Marine Drive, on the sandy shoreline of Botany Bay in Broadstairs, Kent, England.

A very chilly morning on the beach, around One degree, and a bracing wind that pounded flesh and bones, but well worth the one and a half hour journey there to enjoy a lovely sunrise. The seven bays in Broadstairs consist of: (From south to north) Dumpton Gap, Louisa Bay, Viking Bay, Stone Bay, Joss Bay, Kingsgate Bay and Botany Bay.

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Nikon D800 24mm Three seconds long exposure f/2.8 iso200 RAW (14Bit) AF-S single point focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 23m 18.01s

LONGITUDE: E 1d 26m 18.80s

ALTITUDE: 1.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 16.35MB

Processing power:

HP Pavillion P6-2388EA Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD 7570 graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

More precisely, this is the valley of Grains Gill upstream of Stockley Bridge, seen from the path from Seathwaite Farm to Taylorgill Force (and on towards Sty Head for Great Gable and Scafell).

The near crag (400 m away) is Black Waugh, below Aaron Crags and the summit plateau of Seathwaite Fell.

The deep gully on the left of the valley is Red Beck; the slope to its left is Hind Side rising to Glaramara (783 m) off the edge of the image.

Beyond, the summit crag has a spot height, of 721 m, but not a name. It's 1.¾ km from here, on the ridge between Glaramara and Allen Crags, anyway.

The gully further away is Allen Gill. Again, the craggy top is unnamed but measured as at 684 m asl.

And more precisely don't shoot an equirectangular panorama under the willow tree if you don't have a wide angle lens. :)

gadl had warned me, I tried anyway, and here is the result: a large part of the trees had to be gimped. What conforts me actually is that the problem didn't come from a difficult stitching, but from the fact that I simply forgot 3 shots (the 3 close to the zenith, but not very visible here): so for what it's worth, had I shot correctly, I would have succeeded. :)

Enjoy the immersive view (needs shockwave), but don't look up too much, it is not a pretty sight.

This is a stereographic projection of this equirectangular panorama, stitched from 49 pictures shot hand-held with a Panasonic Lumix FZ5.

Part of my Planetoids set

Photograph taken at an altitude of Two metres, during the first vestiges of ambient light prior to the magic of the Golden Hour around sunrise (which was at precisely 04:51am), at 03:21am on Monday 7th July 2014, off Botany Road and the Viking Coastal Trail on the shoreline of Botany Bay, the Northern most of seven bays in Broadstairs, Kent, England.

The seven bays are (from south to north) Dumpton Gap, Louisa Bay, Viking Bay, Stone Bay, Joss Bay, Kingsgate Bay and Botany Bay.

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Nikon D800 24mm 1 Second exposure f/10.0 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Mirror up. Manual focus. AF-S Auto focus mode. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 23m 20.05s

LONGITUDE: E 1d 26m 14.33s

ALTITUDE: 2.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED FILE: 16.49MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.90 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

At precisely 10:04 on a Friday morning 47839 hurries a southbound inter-regional working past some disinterested track workers.

Surely it's just good luck that the first class passengers were the only ones afforded the 'new' intercity livery on their coach!

47839 began life as D1728 in April 1964. She had two other numbers (47136 and 47621) before settling on this guise.

She has carried a number of different names through out her life (Royal County of Berkshire/Pride of Saltley/Pegasus) as well as two allocated but never carried names (Glorious Deven/RAF Valley).

She currently (Feb 2013) operates in the employ of Riviera Trains but resides in stored status at Eastleigh Works.

Class 47 info courtesy of the excellent www.class47.co.uk website.

Photograph taken at an altitude of Sixteen metres, during the first vestiges of ambient light prior to the magic of the Golden Hour around sunrise (which was at precisely 04:51am), at 03:41am on Monday 7th July 2014, off Botany Road and the Viking Coastal Trail on the shoreline of Botany Bay, the Northern most of seven bays in Broadstairs, Kent, England.

Here, I am standing knee deep in the warm and rapidly returning tidal water after a one hour drive to the coast that had me in the shower at 01:30am.The horizon is at the very bottom of the frame and the first signs of the orange sun rising can be seen in the sky. The seven bays are (from south to north) Dumpton Gap, Louisa Bay, Viking Bay, Stone Bay, Joss Bay, Kingsgate Bay and Botany Bay.

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Nikon D800 200mm 1/500s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Mirror up. Manual focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.

Nikkor AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED IF VRII. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Manfrotto MT057C3 057 Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections (Payload 18kgs). Manfrotto MH057M0-RC4 057 Magnesium Ball Head with RC4 Quick Release (Payload 15kgs). Manfrotto quick release plate 410PL-14.Jessops Tripod bag. Optech Tripod Strap.Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 23m 19.47s

LONGITUDE: E 1d 26m 5.90s

ALTITUDE: 16.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE: 103.00MB

PROCESSED FILE: 16.71MB

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Processing power:

HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.90 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit

The Iron Academy sword was forged by David DelaGardelle for the Iron Academy school, a school based out of Raleigh North Carolina that was founded to help craft young men into honorable, virtuous, humble, and Godly leaders for future generations.

Crafted to be large, powerful, imposing, yet precisely balanced and swift moving in the hand of its wielder. The blade was forged and hand ground out of high carbon 1075 steel, with mild steel blued fittings and a walnut wood core grip wrapped with veggie tanned blood red leather.

The overall design is a hybrid blend of many late medieval Northern European swords, while still having its own distinctive bold voice in its design and aesthetics.

Crafted to inspire and empower its wielder with strength and responsibility, no matter how young or old the wielding warrior of the sword may be.

Down the length of the fullers the hand engraved phrases read:

"Live Pure, Speak True, Right Wrong, Follow The King."

And on the other side:

"Iron Academy - Because Biblical Manhood Is Never An Accident"

Stats:

OAL: 43"

Blade length: 32 1/2"

Blade Width: 2"

Grip Length: 8 1/2"

Balance point: 2 1/4" from the guard

Blade Steel: 1075 high carbon

Fittings: Blued Mild Steel

Grip: Wooden core with Veggie Tanned Leather Wrap

cedarloreforge.com/

www.ironacademy.org/

This photograph was taken at an altitude of Twenty nine metres, in the height of a misty and ethereal golden hour around sunrise, (Sunrise was at precisely 04:42am), at 03:59am on Tuesday 20th June 2017, off Rectory Lane in the grounds of Foots Cray Meadows, over the River Cray in Bexley, Kent, England.

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Nikon D7200 20mm 1/400s f/4.5 iso100 RAW (14Bit) Size L (6000x4000). Auto focus AF-C with 3D-tracking enabled. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.Auto Active D-lighting.

Nikkor AF-S 10-24mm f/3.5-4.5G ED. Phot-R 77mm UV filter.Nikon MB-D15 Battery grip pack. Nikon EN-EL battery (2). Manfrotto 055Xprob Carbon Fiber Tripod 3 Sections. Manfrotto 327RC2 Magnesium Ball Head. Manfrotto quick release plate 200PL-14. Jessops Tripod bag. Nikon MC-DC2 remote shutter release. Hoodman H-EYEN22S soft rubber eyecup. Matin quick release neckstrap. My Memory 32GB Class 10 SDHC. Lowepro Flipside 400 AW camera bag. Expert Shield screen protector for D7200. Nikon GP-1 GPS module.

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LATITUDE: N 51d 25m 20.50s

LONGITUDE: E 0d 7m 15.80s

ALTITUDE: 29.0m

RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 69.00MB

PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 22.50MB

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PROCESSING POWER:

Nikon D7200 Firmware versions A 1.10 C 1.02 (9/3/17) L 2.015 (Lens distortion control version 2)

HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB SATA storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit (Version 1.2.4 24/11/2016). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.

Yuri: “Lukas told me you are having your party at the club where you normally hold band practice. What precisely do you boys have planned?”

Kumi: *arches brow* “Yes. Do tell, do tell.”

Danny: “Well, I dunno for sure, since I’m not planning the thing, but I expect it to include…*impromptu drumroll on the counter* naked boobies and lap dances: debauchery at its finest!”

Girls: *fix Danny with stares that promise an untimely (and messy) demise*

Yuri (icily): “Pardon me?”

Kumi: *slaps hand on counter* “Frickin’ heeeeell, no!”

Candy: *buries her face in Danny’s side, wails* “But I thought my boobies were the only ones you wanted to see! You’re going to have strippers! How c-c-could you?” *sniffles brokenheartedly*

Danny (alarmed): “Whoa! I was just jokin’ around! It’s gonna be guys only. No strippers, I swear! They’re not worth the pain and suffering you’d inflict on us, anyway. We’re probably gonna drink some beer, play some cards, watch some TV—you know, guy shi--”

Yuri: *raises her eyebrow threateningly*

Danny: “Uh, stuff. Guy stuff.”

Candy: *pulls face out of Dan’s side, grins sunnily* “Yeah, that’s what I thought, but I was just making sure.”

Danny: *disgusted look* “Dirty trick.”

Candy: *holds up her hand, points to her engagement ring* “I’ve got you wrapped around my finger tighter than this ring, and don’t you ever forget it, Q-tip.”

Danny (softly): “Is that a fact.”

Candy (smugly): “Yurp.”

Danny: *quickly hoists Candy up, turns her upside down, dangles her head inches above the floor*

Kumi: *chortles delightedly*

Candy: “Well, this is embarrassing.”

Yuri (scandalized): “Daniel, be careful! You will hurt her!”

Danny: *withering look, flips Candy upright and sets her gently on her feet* “Don’t talk like a moron, Yuri. I’d never hurt her; I was just proving a point.”

Candy: “That you’re about as evolved as a Cro-Magnon?”

Danny: “Yeah, but I’m your Cro-Magnon.”

Candy (sappily): “Yeah.”

Danny & Candy: *proceed to canoodle in the most nauseating manner*

Kumi: *clutches stomach* “Blech. I think the dozen quiches I just ate are ‘bout to come back up.”

Fashion Credits

**Any doll enhancements (i.e. freckles, piercings, eye color changes) were done by me unless otherwise stated.**

Yuri

Black Dress: Mattel – Barbie Basics – Collection 001, Model 05

Strapless Beaded Top – Madame Alexander – Coquette’s Closet Fashion

Shoes: Jennifer Sue

Earrings: Fashion Royalty – Foreign Affair Gift Set

Bracelets: Mix of “Greed” & “Envy”, along with turquoise pieces – Knife’s Edge Designs (me)

Doll is a Nu.Fantasy Red Riding Hood Yuri transplanted to a NuFace body.

Kumi

Dress: Dolls Fashion Shop (ebay.com)

Jacket: fakeskin (etsy.com)

Belt: Fashion Royalty – NuFace – Great Pretender Lilith

Shoes: Toy Sity

Toggle Necklace: Knife’s Edge Designs (me)

Doll is a Nu.Fantasy Wild Wolf Kumi transplanted to a NuFace body.

"Strafford" car 162 at the "old" Norristown terminal. The camera is facing south - or, more precisely, southeast. The terminal was located along Swede Street at Main Street.

This was fact the second Norristown terminal of today's "Norristown High Speed Line." The original terminal, opened with the extension Villanova JCT - Norristown on 1912 August 26, was located at ground level, a short distance north of this terminal. A short segment of the line had a conventional overhead contact system (OCS), where cars used trolley poles for current collection.

The Lehigh Valley Transit Company (LVT) began operating Allentown - Philadelphia (69th Street) interurban service on 1912 December 12, over its newly-upgraded Allentown - Norristown line, and the Philadelphia and Western Railroad Company (today's Norristown Line).

The original Norristown terminal was closed on 1931 November 14 and replaced by the second terminal, pictured here. The "new" terminal was opened on 1931 November 15, and this shortened the line by 0.2 km (0.1 mi).

Lehigh Valley Transit interurban trains climbed a ramp to reach the Norristown Line platform. The last day of LVT passenger service to 69th Street terminal was 1949 September 23. The Allentown - Norristown interurban line was closed on 1951 September 6.

The second Norristown terminal was closed on 1989 May 16. The new Norristown Transportation Center terminal opened on 1989 June 16. The line was again shortened, by 0.2 km (0.1 mi).

The viaduct and station platform have been removed, making this a "vanished scene."

Two maps from the Philadelphia Trolley Tracks website show the general location of Norristown, and the terminal.

Trolley Lines in and around Montgomery County, PA, by webmaster Mike Szilagyi.

Norristown Trolley Map, also by Mike Szilagyi.

These maps show the alignment of the Norristown Line. From Bridgeport, on the right (south) bank of the Schuylkill River, the line crosses to Norristown on a 0.9 km (3,175') steel viaduct.

1986 July 7.

Is a country in South-East Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina (also: Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia and Hercegovina) is almost landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of Adriatic Sea coastline, centered on the town of Neum. The interior of the country is mountainous centrally and to the south, hilly in the northwest, and flatland in the northeast. Inland is the larger geographic region with a moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plane topography.

The country is home to three ethnic groups so-called "constituent peoples", a term unique for Bosnia-Herzegovina. These are: Bosniaks, the largest population group of three, with Bosnian Serbs in second and Bosnian Croats in third. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English as a Bosnian. The term Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction, while Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own. The country is politically decentralized and comprises two governing entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with District Brčko.

Formerly one of the six federal units constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina gained its independence during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. Bosnia and Herzegovina can be described as a Parliamentary democracy that is transforming its economy into a market-oriented system, and it is a potential candidate for membership in the European Union and NATO. Additionally, the nation has been a member of the Council of Europe since 24 April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment on 13 July 2008.

History

Pre-Slavic Period (until 958)

Bosnia has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic age. The earliest Neolithic population became known in the Antiquity as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the fourth century BC were also notable. Concrete historical evidence for this period is scarce, but overall it appears that the region was populated by a number of different peoples speaking distinct languages. Conflict between the Illyrians and Romans started in 229 BC, but Rome would not complete its annexation of the region until AD 9.

It was precisely in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina that Rome fought one of the most difficult battles in its history since the Punic Wars, as described by the Roman historian Seutonius. This was the Roman campaign against the revolt of indigenous communities from Illyricum, known in history as the Great Illyrian Revolt, known also as Pannonian revolt, or Bellum Batonianum, the latter named after the name of two leaders of the revolting Illyrian communities, Bato/Baton of the Daesitiates, and Bato of the Breuci. The Great Illyrian revolt was a revolt of Illyrians against the Romans, more specifically Illyrian revolt against Tiberius' attempt to recruit Illyrians for his war against the Germans. The Illyrians put up a fierce resistance to the most powerful army on earth at the time (the Roman Army) for four years (AD 6 to AD 9). The revolting Illyrians were finally subdued by Rome in AD 9, with Roman side suffering heavy losses. The last Illyrian stronghold, in which Illyrian defence caused admiration of Roman historians is said to have been Arduba. Bato of Daesitiates was captured and taken to Italy. It is alleged that when Tiberius asked Bato and the Daesitiates why they had rebelled, Baton was reputed to have answered: "You Romans are to blame for this; for you send as guardians of your flocks, not dogs or shepherds, but wolves." Bato spent the rest of his life in the Italian town of Ravenna.

In the Roman period, Latin-speaking settlers from all over the Roman Empire settled among the Illyrians, and Roman soldiers were encouraged to retire in the region.

The land was originally part of the Illyria up until the Roman occupation. Following the split of the Roman Empire between 337 and 395, Dalmatia and Pannonia became parts of the Western Roman Empire. Some claim that the region was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 455. It subsequently changed hands between the Alans and Huns. By the sixth century, Emperor Justinian had reconquered the area for the Byzantine Empire. The Illyrians were conquered by the Avars in the sixth century

Medieval Bosnia (958–1463)

Modern knowledge of the political situation in the west Balkans during the Early Middle Ages is patchy and confusing. Upon their arrival, the Slavs brought with them a tribal social structure which probably fell apart and gave way to Feudalism only with Frankish penetration into the region in the late ninth century. It was also around this time that the Illyrians were Christianized. Bosnia and Herzegovina, because of its geographic position and terrain, was probably one of the last areas to go through this process, which presumably originated from the urban centers along the Dalmatian coast. Nothing is known on the governing affairs in the ninth and tenth century, but by the High Middle Ages political circumstance led to the area being contested between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine Empire. Following another shift of power between the two in the early twelfth century, Bosnia found itself outside the control of both and emerged as an independent state under the rule of local bans.

The first Bosnian monarch was Ban Borič. The second was Ban Kulin whose rule marked the start of a controversy with the Bosnian Church, an indigenous Christian sect considered heretical by the Roman Catholic church, which he allowed access in the country. In response to Hungarian attempts to use church politics regarding the issue as a way to reclaim sovereignty over Bosnia, Kulin held a council of local church leaders to renounce the heresy and embraced Catholicism in 1203. Despite this, Hungarian ambitions remained unchanged long after Kulin's death in 1204, waning only after an unsuccessful invasion in 1254.

Bosnian history from then until the early fourteenth century was marked by the power struggle between the Šubić and Kotromanić families. This conflict came to an end in 1322, when Stephen II Kotromanić became Ban. By the time of his death in 1353, he was successful in annexing territories to the north and west, as well as Zahumlje and parts of Dalmatia. He was succeeded by his nephew Tvrtko who, following a prolonged struggle with nobility and inter-family strife, gained full control of the country in 1367. Tvrtko crowned himself on 26 October 1377 as Stephen Tvrtko I the King of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia, the Seaside.

Based on archaeological evidence, he was crowned in the in Mile near Visoko in the church which was built in the time of Stephen II Kotromanić's reign, where he was also buried alongside his uncle Stjepan II. Following his death in 1391 however, Bosnia fell into a long period of decline. The Ottoman Empire had already started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the fifteenth century. Finally, after decades of political and social instability, the Kingdom of Bosnia ceased to exist in 1463.

Ottoman Era (1463–1878)

The Ottoman conquest of Bosnia marked a new era in the country's history and introduced drastic changes in the political and cultural landscape of the region. Although the kingdom had been crushed and its high nobility executed and replaced by elite Sephardic Jews inported from Spain in 1492 who quickly converted to Islam in exchange for nobility titles of Beys and Aghas, the Ottomans allowed for the preservation of Bosnia's identity by incorporating it as an integral province of the Ottoman Empire with its historical name and territorial integrity — a unique case among subjugated states in the Balkans. Also unique was the fact that they leveled to the ground virtually all of Bosnia's 500 castles and forts, destroying evidence of its statehood. Within of Bosnia, the Ottomans introduced a number of key changes in the territory's socio-political administration; including a new landholding system, a reorganization of administrative units, and a complex system of social differentiation by class and religious affiliation.

The three centuries of Ottoman rule also had a drastic impact on Bosnia's population make-up, which changed several times as a result of the empire's conquests, frequent wars with European powers, forced and economimc migrations, and epidemics. A native Slavic-speaking Muslim community emerged and eventually became the largest of the ethno-religious groups (mainly as a result of a gradually rising number of conversions to Islam), and conversions-for-gain. The Bosnian Christian communities also experienced major changes. The Bosnian Franciscans (and the Catholic population as a whole) were to some minor extent protected by official imperial decree. The Orthodox community in Bosnia – initially confined to Herzegovina and Podrinje – spread throughout the country during this period and went on to experience relative prosperity until the nineteenth century. Meanwhile, the schismatic Bosnian Church disappeared altogether.

As the Ottoman Empire continued their rule in the Balkans (Rumelia), Bosnia was somewhat relieved of the pressures of being a frontier province, and experienced a period of general welfare. A number of cities, such as Sarajevo and Mostar, were established and grew into regional centers of trade and urban culture and were then visited by Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi in 1648. Within these cities, various Ottoman Sultans financed the construction of many works of Bosnian architecture such as the country's first library in Sarajevo, madrassa's, school of Sufi philosophy, and clock tower (Sahat Kula), along with numerous other important cultural structures, bridges such as the Stari Most and the Tsar's Mosque and the Gazi Husrev-beg's Mosque. Furthermore, some Bosnians played influential roles in the Ottoman Empire's cultural and political history during this time. Bosnian recruits formed a large component of the Ottoman ranks in the battles of Mohács and Krbava field, while numerous other Bosnians rose through the ranks of the Ottoman military to occupy the highest positions of power in the Empire, including admirals such as Matrakçı Nasuh; generals such as Isa-Beg Isaković, Gazi Husrev-beg and Telli Hasan Pasha; administrators such as Ferhat-paša Sokolović and Osman Gradaščević; and Grand Viziers such as the influential Mehmed Paša Sokolović. Some Bosnians emerged as Sufi mystics, scholars such as Ali Džabič; and poets in the Turkish, Albanian, Arabic, and Persian languages.However, by the late seventeenth century the Empire's military misfortunes caught up with the country, and the conclusion of the Great Turkish War with the treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 once again made Bosnia the Empire's westernmost province. The following century was marked by further military failures, numerous revolts within Bosnia, and several outbursts of plague. The Porte's false efforts at modernizing the Ottoman state were met with distrust growing to become great hostility in Bosnia, where local aristocrats stood to lose much through the proposed reforms. This, combined with frustrations over political concessions to nascent Christian states in the east, culminated in a famous and ultimately unsuccessful revolt by Husein Gradaščević, in 1831 after the Turkish Sultan Mahmud II slaughtered and abolished the Janissary. Related rebellions would be extinguished by 1850, but the situation continued to deteriorate. Later agrarian unrest eventually sparked the Herzegovinian rebellion, a widespread peasant uprising, in 1875. The conflict rapidly spread and came to involve several Balkan states and Great Powers, a situation which eventually forced the Ottomans to cede administration of the country to Austria-Hungary through the treaty of Berlin in 1878.

Austro-Hungarian Rule (1878–1918)

Although an Austro-Hungarian side quickly came to an agreement with Bosniaks, tensions remained in certain parts of the country (particularly south) and a mass emigration of predominantly Slavic dissidents occurred. However, a state of relative stability was reached soon enough and Austro-Hungarian authorities were able to embark on a number of social and administrative reforms which intended to make Bosnia and Herzegovina into a "model colony". With the aim of establishing the province as a stable political model that would help dissipate rising South Slav nationalism, Habsburg rule did much to codify laws, to introduce new political practices, and generally to provide for modernisation. The Austro-Hungarian Empire built the three Roman Catholic churches in Sarajevo and these three churches are among only 20 Catholic churches in the state of Bosnia. Although successful economically, Austro-Hungarian policy – which focused on advocating the ideal of a pluralist and multi-confessional Bosnian nation (largely favored by the Muslims) – failed to curb the rising tides of nationalism. The concept of Croat and Serb nationhood had already spread to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Catholics and Orthodox communities from neighboring Croatia and Serbia in the mid-nineteenth century under the Ottomans, and was too well entrenched to allow for the widespread acceptance of a parallel idea of Bosnian nationhood. By the latter half of the 1910s, nationalism was an integral factor of Bosnian politics, with national political parties corresponding to the three groups dominating elections.

The idea of a unified South Slavic state, typically expected to be spear-headed by independent Serbia, became a popular political ideology in the region at this time, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian government's decision to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina formally in 1908 added to a sense of urgency among these nationalists. Russia opposed this annexation. Eventually Russia recognised Austro-Hungary's sovereignty over Bosnia in return for Austria-Hungary's promise that it would recognise Russia's right to the Dardanelles Straits in the Ottoman Empire. Unlike Russia, Austro-Hungary did not keep its side of the bargain and did nothing to encourage Russia's recognition of the straits.The political tensions caused by all this culminated on 28 June 1914, when Serb nationalist youth Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo — an event that proved to be the spark that set off World War I. Although some Bosnians died serving in the armies of the various warring states, Bosnia and Herzegovina itself managed to escape the conflict relatively unscathed.

The First Yugoslavia (1918–1941)

Following the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the South Slav kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (soon renamed Yugoslavia). Political life in Bosnia at this time was marked by two major trends: social and economic unrest over property redistribution, and formation of several political parties that frequently changed coalitions and alliances with parties in other Yugoslav regions. The dominant ideological conflict of the Yugoslav state, between Croatian regionalism and Serbian centralization, was approached differently by Bosnia's major ethnic groups and was dependent on the overall political atmosphere. Even though there were over three million Bosnians in Yugoslavia, outnumbering Slovenes and Montenegrins combined, Bosnian nationhood was denied by the new Kingdom. Although the initial split of the country into 33 oblasts erased the presence of traditional geographic entities from the map, the efforts of Bosnian politicians such as Mehmed Spaho ensured that the six oblasts carved up from Bosnia and Herzegovina corresponded to the six sanjaks from Ottoman times and, thus, matched the country's traditional boundary as a whole.

The establishment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929, however, brought the redrawing of administrative regions into banates that purposely avoided all historical and ethnic lines, removing any trace of a Bosnian entity. Serbo-Croat tensions over the structuring of the Yugoslav state continued, with the concept of a separate Bosnian division receiving little or no consideration. The famous Cvetković-Maček Agreement that created the Croatian banate in 1939 encouraged what was essentially a partition of Bosnia between Croatia and Serbia. However, outside political circumstances forced Yugoslav politicians to shift their attention to the rising threat posed by Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany. Following a period that saw attempts at appeasement, the signing of the Tripartite Treaty, and a coup d'état, Yugoslavia was finally invaded by Germany on 6 April 1941.

Geography

Bosnia is located in the western Balkans, bordering Croatia (932 km) to the north and south-west, Serbia (302 km) to the east, and Montenegro (225 km) to the southeast. The country is mostly mountainous, encompassing the central Dinaric Alps. The northeastern parts reach into the Pannonian basin, while in the south it borders the Adriatic. The country has only 20 kilometers (12 mi) of coastline, around the town of Neum in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. Although the city is surrounded by Croatian peninsulas, by United Nations law, Bosnia has a right of passage to the outer sea. Neum has many hotels and is an important tourism destination.

The country's name comes from the two regions Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have a very vaguely defined border between them. Bosnia occupies the northern areas which are roughly four fifths of the entire country, while Herzegovina occupies the rest in the south part of the country.

The major cities are the capital Sarajevo, Banja Luka in the northwest region known as Bosanska Krajina, Bijeljina and Tuzla in the northeast, Zenica and Doboj in the central part of Bosnia and Mostar, the capital of Herzegovina.

The south part of Bosnia has Mediterranean climate and a great deal of agriculture. Central Bosnia is the most mountainous part of Bosnia featuring predominate mountains Vlašić, Čvrsnica, and Prenj. Eastern Bosnia also features mountains like Trebević, Jahorina, Igman, Bjelašnica and Treskavica. It was here that the 1984 Winter Olympics were held.

Eastern Bosnia is heavily forested along the river Drina, and overall close to 50% of Bosnia and Herzegovina is forested. Most forest areas are in Central, Eastern and Western parts of Bosnia. Northern Bosnia contains very fertile agricultural land along the river Sava and the corresponding area is heavily farmed. This farmland is a part of the Parapannonian Plain stretching into neighboring Croatia and Serbia. The river Sava and corresponding Posavina river basin hold the cities of Brčko, Bosanski Šamac, Bosanski Brod and Bosanska Gradiška.

The northwest part of Bosnia is called Bosanska Krajina and holds the cities of Banja Luka, Prijedor, Sanski Most, Cazin, Velika Kladuša and Bihać. Kozara National Park is in this forested region.

There are seven major rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sava is the largest river of the country, but it only forms its northern natural border with Croatia. It drains 76% of the country's territory into the Danube and the Black Sea.

Una, Sana and Vrbas are right tributaries of Sava river. They are located in the northwestern region of Bosanska Krajina.

Bosna river gave its name to the country, and is the longest river fully contained within it. It stretches through central Bosnia, from its source near Sarajevo to Sava in the north.

Drina flows through the eastern part of Bosnia, and for the most part it forms a natural border with Serbia.

Neretva is the major river of Herzegovina and the only major river that flows south, into the Adriatic Sea.

Phytogeographically, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region and Adriatic province of the Mediterranean Region. According to the WWF, the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Pannonian mixed forests, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Illyrian deciduous forests.

Oficial name:

Peпyблика Босна и Херцеговина

Republika Bosna i Hercegovina

República da Bósnia e Herzegovina

Area:

51.197 km2

Inhabitants:

4.500.000

Languages: Bosanski (Bosnien), Hrvastski (Croata) and српски језик--srpski jezik (Servio)

Bosnian [bos] 4,000,000 (2004). Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western

Croatian [hrv] 469,000 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004). Dialects: Croatian, Serbian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western

Romani, Vlax [rmy] 400,000 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004). Alternate names: Tsigene, Danubian, Gypsy, Vlax. Dialects: Serbo-Bosnian (Machwaya, Machvano), Kalderash, Southern Vlax. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax.

Serbian [srp] 400,000 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004). Alternate names: Montenegrin. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western

Capital city:

Sarajevo

Meaning of the country name:

The country consists of two distinct regions: the larger northern section, Bosnia, represents the name of the Bosna river. The smaller southern territory, Herzegovina takes its name from the German noble title Herzog, meaning "Duke". Frederick IV, King of the Romans, made the territory's ruler, the Grand Vojvoda Stjepan Vukcic, a duke in 1448.

Description Flag:

The flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag. The remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle.

The three points of the triangle are understood to stand for the three nations of Bosnia: Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs. It is also seen to represent the map of Bosnia which looks like a triangle or a heart as some people call it the 'heart-shaped nation'. The stars, representing Europe, are meant to be infinite in number and thus they continue from top to bottom. The flag features colors often associated with neutrality and peace - white, blue, and yellow. The colors yellow and blue are also seen to be taken from the flag of the European Union and signify Bosnia's gratitude to the EU for ending the conflict. They are also colors traditionally associated with Bosnia.

Coat of arms:

The Coat of Arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted in 1998, replacing an older design that had been used since 1991, when Bosnia gained independence.

The coat of arms follows the design of the national flag. The triangle shape is supposed to symbolize the three major ethnic groups of Bosnia, as well as the shape of the nation. The stars have replaced the fleur-de-lis that were found on the old coat of arms, to avoid singling out the Bosniak symbol only, and possibly to copy the flag of the European Union due to a desire of Bosnia and Herzegovina to join that body.

It is not quite certain how to blazon these arms. One proposal is Per bend enhanced or and azure, a bend of mullets palewise argent.

Nathional Anthem: Intermeco

On February 10, 1998, as an inclusionist measure, a new anthem was adopted for Bosnia and Hercegovina, one without words. The piece is entitled "Intermeco", yet reports are that this may not be the title of the anthem. Keep watching this space for more details.

Internet Page: www.bhtourism.ba

B.H. in diferent languages

eng: Bosnia and Herzegovina

deu | ltz | nds: Bosnien-Herzegowina / Bosnien-Herzegowina

kal | nor | sme: Bosnia-Hercegovina

roh-enb | roh-eno | roh-gri: Bosnia ed Erzegovina

ast | spa: Bosnia y Herzegovina

ces | slk: Bosna a Hercegovina

dsb | hsb: Bosniska a Hercegowina

est | vor: Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina

eus | jav: Bosnia-Herzegovina

afr: Bosnië en Herzegowina

arg: Bosnia y Erzegobina; Bosnia y Hercegovina

aze: Bosniya və Herseqovina / Боснија вә Һерсеговина

bam: Bɔsini ani Ɛrɛzegɔwini

bos: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина

bre: Bosnia ha Herzegovina

cat: Bòsnia i Hercegovina

cor: Bosni-Hertsegovina

crh: Bosna ve Hertsegovina / Босна ве Херцеговина

csb: Bosańskô ë Hercegòwina; Bòsnijô ë Hercegòwina

cym: Bosnia a Hertsegofina; Bosna-Hercegovina

dan: Bosnien-Hercegovina

epo: Bosnio kaj Hercegovino

fao: Bosnia-Hersegovina

fin: Bosnia ja Hertsegovina

fra: Bosnie-Herzégovine; Bosnie-et-Herzégovine

frp: Bosnie-Hèrzègovena

fry: Bosnje en Herzegowina

fur: Bosgne-Erzegovine; Bosnie-Erzegovine

gag: Bosniya hem Herţegovina / Босния хем Херцеговина

gla: Bosna agus Heartsagobhana

gle: An Bhoisnia-Heirseagaivéin / An Ḃoisnia-Heirseagaivéin

glg: Bosnia e Herzegovina; Bosnia e Hercegovina

glv: Bosnia as Herzegovina

hat: Bosni ak Erzegovin

hrv: Bosna i Hercegovina

hun: Bosznia-Hercegovina; Bosznia és Hercegovina

ibo: Bọsnia na Hasegọvina

ina: Bosnia e Herzegovina

ind: Bosnia-Herzegovina / بوسنيا هيرزيڬوۏينا

isl: Bosnía og Hersegóvína

ita: Bosnia-Erzegovina; Bosnia ed Erzegovina

jnf: Bosnie et Herzegovina

kaa: Bosniya haʻm Gertsegovina / Босния ҳәм Герцеговина

kmr: Bosnî û Hersegovîna / Босни у Һәрсәговина / بۆسنی و هەرسەگۆڤینا; Bosnî û Gersogovîn / Босни у Гәрсоговин / بۆسنی و گەرسۆگۆڤین

kur: Bosna û Hersek / بۆسنا و هەرسەک

lat: Bosnia et Herzegovina; Bosnia et Herzegovia

lav: Bosnija un Hercegovina

lim: Bosnië en Hercegovina

lin: Bosnia na Erzegovina

lit: Bosnija ir Hercegovina

lld: Bosnia y Erzegovina

mlg: Bosnia sy Herzegovina

mlt: Bosnja-Ħerzegovina

mol: Bosnia şi Herţegovina / Босния ши Херцеговина

mri: Pōngia

msa: Bosnia dan Herzegovina / بوسنيا دان هيرزيڬوۏينا

nld: Bosnië en Herzegovina

nrm: Bosnie-et-Herzégovène

oci: Bòsnia e Ercegovina

pol: Bośnia i Hercegowina

por: Bósnia-Herzegovina; Bósnia e Herzegovina

que: Busna-Hirsiquwina

rmy: Bosniya ťai Hercegovina / बोस्निया थाइ हेर्त्सेगोविना

ron: Bosnia şi Herţegovina

rup: Bosna shi Hertsegovina

scn: Bosnia-Erzegòvina

slo: Bosnia i Hercegovinia / Босниа и Херцеговиниа; Bosnia-Hercegovinia / Босниа-Херцеговиниа; Bosna i Hercegovinia / Босна и Херцеговиниа; Bosna-Hercegovinia / Босна-Херцеговиниа

slv: Bosna in Hercegovina

smg: Bosnėjė ėr Hercuogovėna

som: Boosniya iyo Heersigofiina

sqi: Bosnja dhe Hercegovina

srd: Bòsnia-Erzegòvina; Bosna-Erzegòvina; Bosna e Erzegòvina

swa: Bosnia na Herzegowina

swe: Bosnien och Hercegovina

szl: Bośńa a Hercygowina

tet: Bóznia no Erzegovina

tuk: Bosniýa we Gersegowina / Босния ве Герцеговина

tur: Bosna-Hersek; Bosna ve Hersek

uzb: Bosniya va Gertsegovina / Босния ва Герцеговина

vie: Bô-xni-a Héc-xê-gô-vi-na

vol: Bosnän e Härzegovän

wln: Bosneye eyet Herzegovine

wol: Bosni Hersegowin

zza: Bosna-Hersek; Bosna u Hersek

chu: Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Ĥercegovina)

abq | kom: Босния-Герцеговина (Bosnija-Gercegovina)

alt: Босния ла Герцеговина (Bosnija la Gercegovina)

bak: Босния һәм Герцеговина / Bosniya häm Gercegovina

bel: Боснія і Герцагавіна / Bosnija i Hiercahavina; Босьнія і Гэрцагавіна / Bośnija i Hercahavina

bul: Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Ĥercegovina)

che: Босни-Герцеговина (Bosni-Gercegovina)

chm: Босний да Герцеговина (Bosnij da Gercegovina)

chv: Боснипе Герцеговинӑ (Bosnipe Gercegovină)

kaz: Босния және Герцеговина / Bosnïya jäne Gercegovïna / بوسنيا جانە گەرتسەگوۆينا

kbd: Босниерэ Герцеговинэрэ (Bosnieră Gercegovinără)

kir: Босния жана Герцеговина (Bosnija ǧana Gercegovina)

kjh: Босния паза Герцеговина (Bosnija paza Gercegovina)

krc: Босния эм Герцеговина (Bosnija ėm Gercegovina)

kum: Босния ва Герцеговина (Bosnija va Gercegovina)

mkd: Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Hercegovina)

mon: Босни ба Герцеговин (Bosni ba Gercegovin)

oss: Босни ӕмӕ Герцеговинӕ (Bosni ämä Gercegovinä)

rus: Босния и Герцеговина (Bosnija i Gercegovina)

srp: Босна и Херцеговина / Bosna i Hercegovina

tat: Босния һәм Герцеговина / Bosniä häm Hersegovina

tgk: Босния у Ҳерсеговина / باسنیه و هرسگاوینه / Bosnija u Hersegovina; Босния ва Ҳерсеговина / باسنیه و هرسگاوینه / Bosnija va Hersegovina; Босния у Герсеговина / باسنیه و گرسگاوینه / Bosnija u Gersegovina; Босния ва Герсеговина / باسنیه و گرسگاوینه / Bosnija va Gersegovina

tyv: Босния биле Герцеговина (Bosnija bile Gercegovina)

udm: Босния но Герцеговина (Bosnija no Gercegovina)

ukr: Боснія і Герцеґовина (Bosnija i Hercegovyna)

xal: Боснь болнн Герцеговин (Bosn' bolnn Gercegovin)

ara: البوسنة والهرسك (al-Būsnâtu wa-l-Harsak)

fas: بوسنی و هرزگوین / وسنی و هرزگووین (Bosnī-vo Herzegovīn / Bosnī va Herzegovīn)

prs: بوسنیا و هرزیگووینا (Bōsniyā va Harzēgōvīnā)

pus: بوسنيا او هرزېګووينا (Bosniyā au Harzegowīnā)

uig: بوسنىيە ۋە ھېرسېگوۋىنا / Bosniye we Hérségowina / Босния вә Һерцеговина

urd: باسنیا و ہیرزیگووینا (Bāsniyā va Herzegovīnā); بوسنیا و ہیرزیگووینا (Bosniyā va Herzegovīnā); بوسنیا و ہرزیگووینا (Bosniyā va Harzegovīnā); بوسنیا و ہرزگووینا (Bosniyā va Harzigovīnā); بوسنیا اور ہرزگووینا (Bosniyā ôr Harzigovīnā)

div: ބޮސްނިޔާ ހަރުޒެގޮވީނާ (Bosniyā Harużegovīnā)

syr: ܒܘܣܢܐ ܘ ܗܪܣܟ (Bōsnā wa Hersek)

heb: בוסניה והרצגובינה (Bôsniyah və-Hertsegôṿînah)

lad: בוסניה-הירזיגוב'ינה / Bosnia-Herzegovina

yid: באָסניע הערצעגאָװינע (Bosnye Hertsegovine)

amh: ቦስኒያ-ሄርጸጎቪና (Bosniya-Herṣägovina)

ell-dhi: Βοσνία και Ερζεγοβίνη (Vosnía kai Erzegovínī)

ell-kat: Βοσνία καὶ Ἑρζεγοβίνη (Vosnía kaì Herzegovínī)

hye: Բոսնիա և Հերցեգովինա (Bosnia yev Herc̣egovina); Բոսնիա և Հերցոգովինա (Bosnia yev Herc̣ogovina)

kat: ბოსნია და ჰერცეგოვინა (Bosnia da Herc̣egovina)

hin: बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना (Bosniyā Harzegovinā)

ben: বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা (Bôsniyā o Hārjegobʰinā)

pan: ਬੋਸਨੀਆ ਤੇ ਹਰਜ਼ੀਗੋਵੀਨਾ (Bosnīā te Harzīgovīnā)

kan: ಬಾಸ್ನಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ಹೆರ್ಜೆಗೊವಿನ (Bāsniya mattu Herjegovina)

mal: ബോസ്നിയ ഹെര്സഗോവിന (Bōsniya Hersagōvina)

tam: பொஸ்னியாவும் ஹெர்ஸகொவினாவும் (Posṉiyāvum Hersakoviṉāvum); பொசுனியாவும் எர்செகோவினாவும் (Počuṉiyāvum Erčekōviṉāvum); போஸ்னியா ஹெர்ஸிகோவினா (Pōsṉiyā Hersikōviṉā)

tel: బోస్నియా హెర్జగొవీనా (Bōsniyā Herjagovīnā)

zho: 波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維納/波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳 (Bōsīníyà hé Hēisègēwéinà)

jpn: ボスニア・ヘルツェゴヴィナ (Bosunia Herutsegovina); ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ (Bosunia Herutsegobina)

kor: 보스니아 헤르체고비나 (Boseunia Hereuchegobina)

mya: ဘော့စနီးယားန္ဟင့္ဟာဇီဂုိဗီးနား (Bʰɔ́sánìyà hnĩ́ Hazigobìnà)

tha: บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา (Bɔ̄tniya læ Hə̄[r]sēkōwīnā)

khm: បូស្ន៊ីនិងហឺហ្ស៊េហ្គោវីណា (Būsnī niṅ Hʉ̄hsehkōvīṇā); បូសស្នៀនិងហឺហ្ស៊េហ្គោវីណា (Būssnie niṅ Hʉ̄hsehkōvīṇā)

Built on sloping, antique sand dunes prone to massive mudslides. Just look at these.

As Professor Anthony Turton explains: "the simple reality is that between the Umzimkulu in the south and the Umlazi in North, there is a precisely defined geological province. The main feature is a basement consisting of igneous rock originating in volcanic and tectonic events over geological timescales measured in billions of years. That same region is bounded in both the north and south by a tectonic feature associated with rifting and faulting. Oribi Gorge is a feature of those tectonic forces.

Onto that basement we find an unconsolidated overlay of sand and clay. This is rich in iron oxide and is a reddish colour as a result. The overlay is the result of geomorphology measured in a shorter timescale of millions of years, as opposed to the basement feature that is the result of a much older timescale measured in billions of years.

This younger formation is the result of two sculpting forces - wind and water. The area used to be coastal wetland, and as sea levels rose and fell with successive warmer and cooler paleo climates, we find a layering of aeolian formations deposited above hydraulically deposited formations. The aeolian formation is characterised by wind driven dunes that mobilized particles of sand and clay of different fractions. Those sand dunes were characterised by rolling wavelike formations, all along the coastal area. These were consolidated over time by forest and grassland vegetation, which stabilised them.

This is evident where there is no surface striking rock formation and can be seen in the valleys scoured by rivers. Those valleys reveal the underlying geological formation of rock, now manifesting as meanders with relatively steep sides carved out by the action of water in paleo flood events. This means that flooding is what has shaped the region and is an entirely natural ocurrance with a history covering geological timescales.

This is further evidenced by the sedimentary deposition of silt in the ocean, for a considerable distance offshore. We see that process playing out right now as muddy seawater all along the coast, stretching almost to the horizon. That muddy water consists of the fine clay fraction of the eroded soil profile, held in suspension as a colloid and therefore persistent over time, but always associated with a flood event.

This is a simplistic description of a complex reality, but it shows that the geomorphology has been driven mostly by hydraulic and aeolian forces, at least insofar as the consolidated sand dunes are concerned. Tectonic events drove earlier geomorphology, manifest as rifting and faulting, but the more recent drivers have been floods.

Therefore flooding is a characteristic of the geological province, so policy designed to mitigate risk ought to be based on the assumption that future flood events will be a reasonably predictable driver of risk. Stated differently, and in simple form, the following is true of the coastal region between the Umzimkulu and Ulmazi rivers.

1) The absence of surface striking basement geology along the coastal strip renders the region geotechnically unstable and in need of precise building standards that must be strictly enforced.

2) Flooding is a natural occurrence that has shaped the geomorphology of both the land and immediate offshore sub-sea terrain.

3) Climate variability is a natural process, exacerbated by anthropogenic intervention, and is likely to feature an increase in extreme events, at least in our lifetime.

These three factors ought to be built into policy if the human population, and financial investment in the region, is to be protected in future.

Note that this is a gross simplification of a complex reality, rendered in such a way as to make it understandable to policymakers in government, insurance company decision makers, and investors deciding to purchase real estate."