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Note: I chose this as my "photo of the day" for Jul 28, 2015. It was an easy choice, since this is the only photo that I've uploaded to Flickr today ... duh.
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I'm traveling this week, and I have no idea if I'll be able to access the Internet in a civilized way (there may not even be any oxygen or electricity where I'm going) ... so I'm only uploading one photo a day while I'm gone.
I hope to return to the Center of the Universe within a few days ...
I don't really have any editorial comment about this photo, and was prepared to skip right over it initially -- indeed, wondering why I had even bothered to snap the image.
And then it occurred to me: precisely because it looks so ordinary and commonplace today (late June of 2015), it's likely to look unusual, bizarre, or downright unimaginable a decade from now. Or a century from now. As such, perhaps it will serve some minor purpose, so that people can look at it and mutter to themselves, "Is that really what people looked like back in those primitive times?"
Yes, they're all relatively young, and they're all reasonably attractive (okay, maybe very attractive) ... but that's pretty normal here in New York City. Or maybe that's just what I'm accustomed to seeing every day, so I take it for granted that they're attractive.
Perhaps it will seem odd that half of the women in this photo are doing something with, or to, or on their smartphones ... but in 2015, one might well have expected all of them to be fondling their phones.
Maybe it's significant that four of the six are wearing sunglasses ... maybe, a decade from now, we'll all have contact lenses that provide appropriate degrees of shade.
Maybe it's significant that they're all wearing sandals or sneakers ... but at least none of them are barefoot.
Most likely, I suspect, the overall style of dress will be considered outrageous to a new generation of fashionable young people. It was summertime when the photo was taken, so you would think that the presence of short dresses would not seem that outrageous ... but who knows?
And the hair-styles: note that all of the women have long-ish hair. It's not down to their waist, but at least three of them are wearing a ponytail, and none of them have an elaborate pile of hair curled up and around their heads.
I would be curious to see if anything else about this group strikes the average Flickr viewers as good, bad, indifferent -- or "permanent" versus "transient."
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This is the continuation of a photo-project that I began in the summer of 2008 (which you can see in this Flickr set), and continued throughout 2009-2014 (as shown in this Flickr set, this Flickr set, this Flickr set, this Flickr set, this Flickr set)), this Flickr set)), and this Flickr set)): a random collection of "interesting" people in a broad stretch of the Upper West Side of Manhattan -- between 72nd Street and 104th Street, especially along Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue. These are the people in my neighborhood, aka "peeps in the 'hood."
As I indicated when I first started this project six years ago, I don't like to intrude on people's privacy, so I normally use a zoom telephoto lens in order to photograph them while they're still 50-100 feet away from me; but that means I have to continue focusing my attention on the people and activities half a block away, rather than on what's right in front of me. Sometimes I find an empty bench on a busy street corner, and just sit quietly for an hour, watching people hustling past on the other side of the street; they're almost always so busy listening to their iPod, or talking on their cellphone, or daydreaming about something, that they never look up and see me aiming my camera in their direction.
I've also learned that, in many cases, the opportunities for an interesting picture are very fleeting -- literally a matter of a couple of seconds, before the person(s) in question move on, turn away, or stop doing whatever was interesting. So I've learned to keep my camera switched on, and not worry so much about zooming in for a perfectly-framed picture ... after all, once the digital image is uploaded to my computer, it's pretty trivial to crop out the parts unrelated to the main subject. Indeed, some of my most interesting photos have been so-called "hip shots," where I don't even bother to raise the camera up to my eye; I just keep the zoom lens set to the maximum wide-angle aperture, point in the general direction of the subject, and take several shots. As long as I can keep the shutter speed fairly high (which sometimes requires a fairly high ISO setting), I can usually get some fairly crisp shots -- even if the subject is walking in one direction, and I'm walking in the other direction, while I'm snapping the photos.
With only a few exceptions, I've generally avoided photographing bums, drunks, crazies, and homeless people. There are plenty of them around, and they would certainly create some dramatic pictures; but they generally don't want to be photographed, and I don't want to feel like I'm taking advantage of them. There have been a few opportunities to take some "sympathetic" pictures of such people, which might inspire others to reach out and help them. This is one example, and here is another example.
The other thing I've noticed, while carrying on this project for the past six years, is that while there are lots of interesting people to photograph, there are far, far, far more people who are not so interesting. They're probably fine people, and they might even be more interesting than the ones I've photographed ... unfortunately, there was just nothing memorable about them. They're all part of this big, crowded city; but for better or worse, there are an awful lot that you won't see in these Flickr sets of mine...
DPS Assignment: "Shapes: Triangle"
Took this shot precisely a year ago... LOL
And guess what? I found some triangles... not just on the pencils... but also the tips of these color pencils. :)
Date Taken : June 13, 2012
Camera : Canon EOS 60D
Lens : EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM
Aperture : f/14
Exposure : 1/125 sec
ISO speed : 200
Exposure Bias : 0 step
Focal Length : 100 mm
Flash : No Flash
Program: Manual
The complex testing of space technology carried out at ESA’s ESTEC technical centre in the Netherlands requires precisely-maintained environmental control.
This industrial chiller seen here, connected to black-insulated piping provides cold water throughout ESTEC’s Test Centre and laboratories, helping to maintain clean rooms and key test equipment at optimal temperatures.
“Commissioned in 2017, this installation is our most energy efficient chiller, with a cooling capacity of about 1.2 megawatts – or roughly 800 times the capacity of a standard household fridge,” explains mechanical projects engineer Christophe Huysmans of ESTEC’s Estates and Facility Management Department.
“It makes use of refrigerant R1234ze, which is one of the most environmentally sustainable gases available, commonly used for these type of applications. Covering around one fifth of ESTEC’s total demand, the machine is equipped with state of the art energy optimising systems – such as variable speed drives and stepless capacity regulation between 10-100% – and allows for a wide temperature range, from 6°C in summertime and up to 12°C in winter.”
Walerij Fischer, heading ESTEC’s Infrastructure Operations Section, adds: “Such chilled water production has always been part of ESTEC’s infrastructure, being much more environmentally friendly than multiple air conditioning systems located across the site with regular renovation and upgrades to keep the system operating as efficiently as possible.”
The Department is currently planning ESTEC’s first heat pump installation to produce cooling energy while simultaneously recycling waste heat, allowing the establishment to reduce its natural gas consumption significantly.
Credits: ESA-Remedia
Today's random guest in Sofia and more precisely in trolleybus depot Nadezhda - Ikarus 250.59 from Ukraine. It is private owned by people who use it to travel around Europe. Documentarily it's production year is 1987th, but the owner told us that the bus had been in factory storage for at least 2 years (it's windows are produced in 1984th and 1985th).
the wheel, New York, wars and so on — whilst all the dolphins had ever done was muck about in the water having a good time. But conversely, the dolphins had always believed that they were far more intelligent than man — for precisely the same reasons :-)
Douglas Adams, The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy
HSS!!
prunus, dwarf flowering peach, 'NCSU Dwarf Double Red', j c raulston arboretum, ncsu, raleigh, north carolina
The hills just outside the village of Choanji offer a beautiful view of the Sakari River valley. Down below, Choanji is the typical meeting point for the railway's two limestone trains. And they always meet at precisely the right time. Here, an Iwate Ishibashi bound empty gets the green to head to the mine, while a loaded limestone train passes it on the adjacent track bound for Ofunato.
Was it worth getting drenched in sweat hiking in the Japanese summer for this? Yeah... I'd say so.
Iwate Development Railway
IDR DD5601 and DD5602
Choanji, Iwate Pref., Japan
© all rights reserved by B℮n
The general term ice age or, more precisely, "glacial age" denotes a geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in an expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. There have been at least four major ice ages in the Earth's past. Outside these periods, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. There is evidence that greenhouse gas levels fell at the start of ice ages and rose during the retreat of the ice sheets, but it is difficult to establish cause and effect (see the notes above on the role of weathering). Greenhouse gas levels may also have been affected by other factors which have been proposed as causes of ice ages, such as the movement of continents and vulcanism. Although the last glacial period ended more than 8,000 years ago, its effects can still be felt today. For example, the moving ice carved out landscape in Canada, Greenland, northern Eurasia and Antarctica. The erratic boulders, till, drumlins, eskers, fjords, kettle lakes, moraines, cirques, horns, etc., are typical features left behind by the glaciers.
Photo of hummocks taken at the IJsselmeer (IJmeer) near Amsterdam. A hummock is a boss or rounded knoll of ice rising above the general level of an ice-field, Hummocky ice is caused by slow and unequal pressure in the main body of the packed ice, and by unequal structure and temperature at a later period.
Een ijstijd of glaciatie is een geologisch tijdvak waarin ijskappen voorkomen. In het Engels wordt dit een periode van ice-house genoemd, als tegenhanger van een ijskaploze periode, de greenhouse ("broeikas"). Aangezien er gletsjers liggen op bijvoorbeeld Groenland of Antarctica, leven we tegenwoordig in een ijstijd. Men neemt aan dat dit in de gehele geologische geschiedenis van de Aarde minstens vijfmaal het geval is geweest, waarvan eenmaal zelfs zo sterk dat de ijskappen van de polen vrijwel tot aan de evenaar waren opgerukt. Ook zijn er periodes dat er aanzienlijke opwarming optrad waarbij die ijskappen grotendeels waren weggesmolten. Het klimaat op Aarde wordt beïnvloed door vele factoren, zoals de intensiteit van de zonnestraling, de ligging van de continenten, de continentverplaatsingen, vulkanisme, de zeestromen, de bedekking van het land door vegetatie, het weerkaatsingsvermogen van het aardoppervlak en vele kleine andere factoren. Met behulp van klimaatmodellen wordt door wetenschappers een reconstructie van het klimaat en de klimaatveranderingen in het verleden gemaakt. Alhoewel er een zekere consensus bestaat onder wetenschappers, zijn er nog vele onzekerheden en tegenstrijdigheden in dit onderzoek.
Hierboven een foto van kruiend ijs. Zoetwatermeren kunnen spectaculair bevriezen. Grotere meren zoals het IJsselmeer (IJmeer) hierboven hebben bijna altijd wel golven, en dit werkt directe bevriezing van het wateroppervlak tegen. Eerst vormen zich kleine ijsschotsen, die naar de kust drijven onder invloed van de wind. Deze schotsen vormen zo een ijsveld op het water dat de golven dempt, en uiteindelijk vriezen alle schotsen aan elkaar vast tot een massa. Voordat dit gebeurt schuren de schotsen voortdurend langs elkaar heen en schrapen zo stukjes ijs van elkaar af; elke schots krijgt zo een witte rand. Zulk ijs is dus totaal niet geschikt om op te schaatsen. Wanneer grotere delen van het meer bevriezen beginnen de platen, die soms een paar vierkante kilometer groot zijn, langzaam tegen elkaar te bewegen onder invloed van de wind en stroming. Dit heeft kruiend ijs tot gevolg: de ijsschotsen worden met kracht gebroken en op elkaar gestapeld langs de dijken langs het meer. Dit hoeft niet alleen bij dun ijs te gebeuren; soms kruit het ijs bij een dikte van meer dan 20 cm. De stapels ijs worden dan hoog, en het geluid is oorverdovend.
or more precisely, part of the Grand Beguinage of Leuven - a community for unmarried, semi-religious women originating in the early 13th century.
Texture layer by Distressed Jewell ...
At precisely 2:57 PM today, our backyard was awash in color. Mother Nature really out did herself with this brilliant sunset. I did not have to enhance the color in any way. I used a Carl Zeiss lens with polarizer, and here is the result.
I used to live quite close to Swanage (in Bournemouth more precisely) but never had the opportunity to get any shot over there.
Luckily, meeting Mark Bauer gave the opportunity to do that. Many ours of walk and chat. Breakfast quite close to the pier. It was just natural to go over there and try something. Shame the old pier (the famous one) has some diving buoys near by and we can't get close. But the pier itself is worth a moment of inspiration.
Nikon D800 & Nikkor 16-35 F4 VR
Post Production with Lightroom, Nik Software and CS6
©2014, byVini photography
#formatthitech #formatt-hitech
#byviniphotography #photography
Protea (pron.: /ˈproʊtiːə/) is both the botanical name and the English common name of a genus of South African flowering plants, sometimes also called sugarbushes (Afrikaans: suikerbos). The genus Protea was named in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus after the Greek god Proteus, who could change his form at will, because proteas have such a wide variety of forms. Linnaeus's genus was formed by merging a number of genera previously published by Herman Boerhaave, although precisely which of Boerhaave's genera were included in Linnaeus's Protea varied with each of Linnaeus's publications. The Proteaceae family to which proteas belong is an ancient one. Its ancestors grew in Gondwana, 300 million years ago. Proteaceae is divided into two subfamilies: the Proteoideae, best represented in southern Africa, and the Grevilleoideae, concentrated in Australia and South America and the other smaller segments of Gondwana that are now part of eastern Asia. Africa shares only one genus with Madagascar, whereas South America and Australia share many common genera — this indicates they separated from Africa before they separated from each other. (Source: Wikipedia)
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© All rights reserved.
This image may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded,
displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic,
mechanical, photocopying & recording without my written consent.
I don't know where this man started or ended his daily walk, but he came past this corner every day, at precisely the same time.
He was always reading something on his cell phone, so he never did see me; indeed, his dog paid more attention to me than he did. He was always wearing a leather jacket, and he always seemed to have a pair of fashionably-thin ear muffs.
A few days after I took this photo, the weather was bitter-cold as I sat outside. The man was all bundled up in a leather jacket ... and he had put a blue coat on the dog. The man was still bundled up pretty heavily on the following morning, but the dog's jacket was gone. Life goes on ...
Note: I chose this as my "photo of the day" for Oct 23, 2015.
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As I’ve mentioned in a couple of recent Tumblr blog postings, I’m working on an exercise for a new class that I’ve started taking at the International Center of Photography (ICP) in the fall of 2015.( You can see the earlier Tumblr postings here. and here.).
In addition to taking a bunch of photos (see the other Tumblr postings for details and descriptions of what the photos are supposed to illustrate), we also have the task of editing our images down to a maximum of 10 “presentation images” that we will share with the ICP class next week. When our instructor, Joanne Dugan, asked me last week if I anticipated having any problems with this aspect of the assignment, I shrugged and said, “No, I do this all the time …”
Well, yes and no: I do do a lot of editing/winnowing of my photos before deciding which ones should be shared with anyone else. But I had forgotten that I also do a lot of cropping, color-adjustment, tweaking, and general post-processing before I upload my photos to Flickr, Facebook, or even Instagram. For this particular ICP exercise, we were also told not to crop the photos, and not to do any post-processing. That makes things a lot more difficult …
On the other hand, part of the exercise is to assemble and share a maximum of ten photos that collectively tell a “story” of some kind – and to “tell” that story with anywhere from a word, to a sentence, to a paragraph for each of the photos. That makes things a lot easier … after all, if a photo has to be presented in isolation, then it truly stands alone. And it is intended to be viewed without any accompanying text, then it really stands alone. There’s nothing wrong with that; indeed, one might argue that that’s the whole point of photography: a picture should “tell” a story all by itself, without any extraneous verbiage to “explain” what might not be obvious to the viewer.
But not very many things exist in complete isolation of the rest of the universe, especially in today’s interconnected world. I suppose some people would debate that point quite vigorously; and some people might argue that a photograph of a person, place, or thing should be able to “stand alone” without anything else. I certainly have seen photos that fall into this category, and I suppose I’ve taken a few like that, too. Or, maybe if I never intended my photos to be considered in complete isolation from one another, perhaps that’s how some people prefer to look at them …
But for me, that’s a pretty rare phenomenon. Almost always, I find myself telling a story. The photographs obviously present one “dimension” of the story, in a visual form; and I’ve been trying to remind myself lately that videos can present can present one, and sometimes two, additional dimensions (motion and sound) that can add enormously to the viewer’s understanding and appreciation of the underlying story.
But even if one uses only traditional photos, I find that it’s almost impossible for me to crate (or make, or take) one photo by itself; invariably, I take dozens, if not hundreds or even thousands, which collectively tell a story. It may be a story about someplace I’ve been, or some event in which I’ve participated, or some individual (or group of individuals) that I want the viewer to know and appreciate in more detail than would be possible to communicate in a single photo.
And then there are the words … maybe it’s because I spend part of my time as a writer and teacher that I find it almost impossible not to augment my photos with words. Lots of words. Indeed, sometimes far too many words; and sometimes clumsy words, or the wrong words. And I do realize that there are times when the situation would be improved if I would just shut up, and let the photograph do all of the communication. But for better or worse, I guess I’m a photojournalist.
With that in mind, I began the process of editing the photos for my recent ICP assignment. Here’s what I found:
1. It’s not as easy as one might think, when you start with a large number. I began winnowing the original images when I had 2,700 (after 9 days of shooting), and I still had 5 days of shooting left).
2. It’s much more difficult than I had imagined, given the constraints of my ICP class: no cropping, no post-processing, and a maximum of only 10 images. I’ve worked within those constraints for the final images that I’m submitting to the ICP class; but for these Flickr uploads, I’ve ended up with 40-45 images – and they have been heavily cropped, tilted, color-corrected, noise-dusted, and tweaked in various other ways. C’est la vie…
3. Using the collection of photos to “tell a story” is both easier and harder than I thought it would be. I’m including these background notes in all of the photos that get uploaded to Flickr … because I’ve learned (form past experience) that some visitor will zoom in on just one particular photo, without necessarily looking at all of them, and/or without seeing the overall notes for the entire album. And I don’t think I’ll find it difficult to write a few sentences to provide the background details for each photo … but whether they “flow” and create one overall, coherent “story” remains to be seen.
4. Aside from a narrative “story,” there are some “themes” that I noticed throughout this entire two-week exercise. The most significant one was exactly what I had anticipated: patterns. If you are lucky enough to sit in the same spot at the same time, day after day, you see the same rhythms, the same people, the same repetitions of life’s little actions and emotions. Many people have the opportunity to see these patterns, because they do follow the same schedule, day after day, on their way to their job or their school. But some of us have irregular routines, and any, most of us don’t pay any attention. If you slow down, and pay attention, you’ll see the patterns.
But sometimes the pattern involves uniqueness – i.e. strange and unusual people or events that seem to happen only once. But I have to keep reminding myself that my visits have lasted only two weeks; if I was here for a month, or a full season, or perhaps an entire year – then perhaps I would see these strange incidents repeating themselves
5. Another theme – which I did not anticipate, but was delighted to see – was the pervasive sense of affection and caring between and among everyone on the street. Mostly it was apparent in the interactions between parents and children; but sometimes it was between dog-owners and the dogs they were walking; sometimes it was between friends who happened to be walking along together; and sometimes it was between complete strangers and me, as the strangers would smile and nod and say “hello” if they noticed I was watching them. It was a great experience.
uploading this images probably inadvertently deleted yesterdays photo. BTW I have no Idea what the correllas are discussing
Evening gowns theme:
Tilly was born in Italy, in a region of the North West called Liguria and more precisely in the area of Liguria which takes the name of "Riviera dei Fiori". The best known city is Sanremo, known for its flowers, in fact, and for the Italian Song Festival.
For this reason Tilly was inspired by flowers to create this outfit, as a tribute to the land where she was born.
Dernier's dress really looks like the corolla of a flower that opens to show the precious treasure it has inside...almost a birth of Venus.
The elegance of black combines with the delicacy of the pink of the lapels, the bodice of the head decoration and the dancing petals for a romantic evening look full of poetry and ... music!
For more informations about details see: tillyopaline3.wixsite.com/.../miss-globe...
If you look precisely, you can see the andromeda-galaxy and the pleiades-cluster (Seven Sisters / Messier 45). :)
Santorini Akrotiri Lighthouse: The Lighthouse of Akrotiri is among the oldest lighthouses in Greece and was constructed way back in 1892. It stands like a sentinel towards the sea, on the southern peninsula of Santorini island.
(www.greeka.com/cyclades/santorini/sightseeing/akrotiri-li...)
Henro Boke[H]-Photography
Norwegen / Buskerud - Hallingskarvet-Nationalpark
Sunset - On the way back from Prestholtskarvet. You can see Prestholtseter down there.
Sonnenuntergang - Auf dem Weg zurück vom Prestholtskarvet. Dort unten ist die Prestholtseter zu sehen.
Hallingskarvet National Park (Norwegian: Hallingskarvet nasjonalpark) is a national park in central Norway that was established by the government on 22 December 2006. The park is located in the municipalities of Hol (Buskerud county), Ulvik and Aurland (both in Vestland county). More precisely, the park comprises the Hallingskarv plateau and the high mountain areas to the west of it. It includes the Vargebreen glacier as well as the valleys of Såtedalen, Lengjedalen, Ynglesdalen, and parts of Raggsteindalen.
The national park covers 450 square kilometres (170 sq mi) of the Hallingskarvet mountain range and hosts large stocks of wild reindeer, an important factor in the establishment of the park. The highest point in the national park is Folarskardnuten which reaches an elevation of 1,933 metres (6,342 ft) above sea level.
The landscape of Hallingskarvet was shaped by multiple ice ages. The park shows the geological history and the connection between this history and the variation in the species living there. It includes areas of special value and which are home to threatened or vulnerable species such as Draba cacuminum (whitlow-grass) and Botrychium lanceolatum (lance-leaf grapefern).
The Bergen Line runs along the southern boundary of the park. There is no road access to the southern side of the park, so Finse Station, a stop on the railway line, is one of the few ways that people can access this part of the park. The Norwegian County Road 50 runs near the northern boundary of the park.
Protection and use
The main objective of this national park is to preserve a large, unique, and largely untouched area in order to protect the landscape and the biome with its ecosystem, species and populations of, amongst others, the wild reindeer. The protection is designed to safeguard a characteristic element needed to understand the geological history of the Norwegian landscape. It is also designed to protect valuable elements of the cultural heritage.
The park is open to the traditional forms of outdoor activities which require little or no technical means.
Name
The first element is halling (inhabitant of the Hallingdal valley) and the last is the finite form of skarv (mountain or mountainous area without vegetation).
(Wikipedia)
Prestholtseter a farm cafe based on traditions. Prestholtseter is located by Hallingskarvet at 1242 m, by Hallingskarvet National Park. It is a popular destination both summer and winter. The café offers waffles, buns, the local specialties "lefsekling" (thin, sheet bread), "Rummebrød" (thin cakes made with sour cream), cakes, omelets, buns and rolls. In summer you can also get cured meats and tasty sour cream porridge By Prestholtseter you will find great hiking in the summer and cross country tracks in the winter. In summer you can hike on dirt roads or paths, either flat or the Prestholt stairs up to the top of Hallingskarvet Mountain. In summer the road goes all the way to Prestholtseter (toll road). In winter there are ski trails that are groomed daily, from Havsdalen and from Ustaoset. Prestholtseter offers catering for groups from 15 -100 people for dinner or lunch. A nice layer at the base of Hallingskarvet provides a unique and beautiful setting for the event. Prestholtseter was built in 1904 and has been in the family Uthus since. In the beginning it was a pure summer farm, where they sold products that they produced themselves. Opning hours 2017: Winter season: Starts week 7, 2017. The road usually opens around July 1st.
(visitnorway.com)
Der Hallingskarvet-Nationalpark (norwegisch Hallingskarvet nasjonalpark) ist ein südnorwegischer Nationalpark. Er umfasst das Hallingskarvet-Hochplateau und erstreckt sich über das Gebiet der Gemeinden Hol (Provinz Buskerud), Ulvik und Aurland (Provinz Vestland) gehört.
Gegründet wurde der Park am 22. Dezember 2006, um die dortige große, unverwechselbare und nahezu unberührte Bergregion, die Artenvielfalt von Flora und Fauna und die dort heimischen Bergrentiere zu schützen. Der Park grenzt an das Naturschutzgebiet Skaupsjøen/Hardangerjøkulen und das Biotop Finse.
Im Süden des Parkes führen sowohl die Bergenbahn als auch die Reichsstraße 7 vorbei.
Geologie, Landschaft und Geografie
Der Nationalpark umfasst größtenteils das Hallingskarvethochplateau, welches aufgrund der Kaledonischen Orogenese entstand. Das vorherrschende Gesteinsmaterial der Bergkette ist präkambrisches Pluton.
Der höchste Berg ist der Folarskardnuten mit 1.933 m. Im Hallingskarvet befindet sich auch Norwegens höchster See, der Flakavatnet, welcher auf 1.453 m Höhe liegt.
Flora
Die Pflanzenwelt gestaltet sich mit über 300 verschiedenen Arten sehr vielfältig. Die am weitesten verbreiteten Pflanzen sind der Weiße Silberwurz, Knöllchen-Knöterich und Herbst-Löwenzahn. In den höheren Lagen kommen vor allem Dreiblatt-Binsen, Polarsimsen, Moosheide und Gletscher-Hahnenfuß vor.
Fauna
Im Park gibt es an größeren Säugetieren Bergrentiere, Elche, Rehe, Polarfüchse und Schneehasen. Nördlich des Parks leben zudem Vielfraße.
Die größten Greifvögel sind Steinadler, Gerfalke, Turmfalke und Raufußbussard. Der Kolkrabe ist im Hallingskarvet ebenfalls heimisch.
Kulturerbe
Im Nationalpark wurden verschiedene Jagdutensilien gefunden, die auf eine prähistorische/historische Nutzung der Berge als Jagd- und/oder Siedlungsgebiet schließen lassen.
Im 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert lag der Park entlang einer wichtigen Handelsroute. Einfache Übernachtungshütten, sog. lægre, zeugen noch heute davon. Im Jahre 1880 ließ der englische Graf Lord Garvagh eine steinerne Jagdhütte, die Lordehytta, errichten, um in der näheren Umgebung auf Rentierjagd zu gehen.
Verwaltung und Tourismus
Der Norwegische Wanderverein unterhält im Park die Hütten Finsehytta im Süden und Geiterygghytta im Norden. Private Unterkünfte gibt es im Raggsteindalen und bei Haugastøl. Zwischen den Hütten gibt es markierte Wanderwege.
Zwischen Finse und Ustaoset verläuft ein Stück des Skarverennet durch den Park. Im Süden des Parks verläuft zudem der Rallarvegen.
(Wikipedia)
Precisely one year ago we visited Cape Otway on Victoria's Great Ocean Road, staying at the Cape Otway Lightstation for a milestone birthday treat.
There are three or four cottages or studios in historical buildings in which you can stay at the Lightstation.
On this occasion, we are pretty sure we were the only guests staying overnight, and given the staff don't stay on site, we had this incredible piece of history to ourselves overnight.
I haven't done a lot of night sky photography, but with a clear night and a new moon in a remote location I had to take the opportunity.
Staying overnight provides the opportunity to scout out compositions before dusk, and the use of the PhotoPills app allowed me to plan the time of night when the milky way would be aligned above the lighthouse.
While I am sure that there is a lot of room for improvement, I am very happy with this image. Not only it is a decent image of the magnificent night sky, it brings forth great memories and wonderful imaginings.
Photography is a medium for story telling. This image provokes thoughts of the vastness of the universe, it is a reminder of the danger of navigation along a treacherous coastline. These threads combine—for me—into thoughts of exploration and journey.
Photographed using Nikon ED Nikkor 500mm 1:4.0P with Nikon TC-301
Though overcast with broken clouds, I found it very demanding to precisely focus through the viewfinder. The bird incessantly moved. I had to place a wide-brimmed hat over my face and the camera to allow me to better see and focus the camera. The Nikon ED Nikkor 500mm 1:4.0P has two focusing barrels, one very large, that should allow fine adjustment, but is still too course. Also, the shutter speed used for previous photos of 1/30 and 1/15 second was too slow, for such a long lens, though mounted on a truly heavy duty Manfrotto 161Mk2B tripod, with an equally heavy duty 400N geared head. Again, raising the shutter speed and keeping the ISO as low as possible to eliminate noise, made acquiring adequate depth-of-field a monster to deal with. So, the settings of f/5.6, 1/125, and ISO 100 were merely the best compromise. My recommendation would be to use a Nikon D3s or D3, though only 12.1 megapixel image will be available.
A gentle reminder about copyright and intellectual property-
Ⓒ Cassidy Photography (All images in this Flickr portfolio)
Rut track:
The ruts of this route in the Salonaise countryside, more precisely in the municipality of Pélissanne, are 1.27 to 1.30 m between axes. This ancient route linked Lambesc to Salon and was parallel to Via Aurelia located 2 km further south.
Note the central wear between the ruts, it is due to two phenomena. The first on the hooves of tractors (horses or oxen) and the second on the shoes of walkers for centuries. The depth of the ruts in molassic limestone can reach places of 30 or 40 cm.
Note that the depth of the ruts quickly became a problem for the axles of the carts which ended up touching the rock. We noticed cuts in the rock to place stones intended to retain a backfill.
Two words on La Via Aurelia:
It linked Italy to Arles in the year 6 of our era under Emperor Augustus, then it joined Via Domitia (in Nîmes) and Via Augusta in Spain via the Panissars pass.
I was able to find there ruts of 1.43 / 1.45 m in the countryside which correspond well to those of the Roman chariot.
-----------------------------------------
Les ornières de cette voie dans la campagne salonaise, plus précisément sur la commune de Pélissanne, font 1,27 à 1,30 m d'entre axes. Cette voie ancienne reliait Lambesc à Salon et se trouvait en parallèle de la Via Aurelia située 2 km plus au sud.
On remarquera l'usure centrale entre les ornières, elle est due à deux phénomènes. Le premier aux sabots des tractionneurs (chevaux ou bœufs) et le second aux chaussures des marcheurs durant des siècles. La profondeur des ornières dans le calcaire molassique peut atteindre par endroits 30 à 40 cm.
A noter que la profondeur des ornières devenait vite un problème pour les essieux des chariots qui finissaient par toucher le rocher. On a remarqué des retailles dans le roc permettant de placer des pierres destinées à retenir un remblai de comblement.
Deux mots sur La Via Aurelia:
Elle reliait l'Italie à Arles dès l'an 6 de notre ère sous L'Empereur Auguste, ensuite elle rejoignait la Via Domitia (à Nîmes) et la Via Augusta en Espagne par le col de Panissars.
J'ai pu y relever des ornières de 1,43/1,45 m dans la campagne qui correspondent bien à celles des chariots romains.
Protea /ˈproʊtiːə/is both the botanical name and the English common name of a genus of South African flowering plants, sometimes also called sugarbushes (Afrikaans: suikerbos).
The genus Protea was named in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus after the Greek god Proteus, who could change his form at will, because they have such a wide variety of forms. Linnaeus's genus was formed by merging a number of genera previously published by Herman Boerhaave, although precisely which of Boerhaave's genera were included in Linnaeus's Protea varied with each of Linnaeus's publications.
being a pilot means taking precisely a bend at 240 km per hour. A 239 you have lost the race. At 241 the car
Jean-Louis Trintignant
...when you are longing for precisely this color combination when you get on your bike and ride out to the countryside...
The Monostor Fortress - the largest modern fortress in Central Europe - was built between 1850 and 1871. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the neoclassical military monument is a fascinating sight with its huge walls of precisely hewn stone, the 3-4 metre thick earthen ramparts covering the defences and its network of underground passages (kazamata) several kilometres long.
Its monumental dimensions are evidenced by the following figures: The fortress covers 25 hectares, the total area including the firing ranges is 70 hectares, the floor area of the buildings is 25 680 m2 and the number of rooms is 640.
After the fortress was built, it served generations of soldiers of the Hungarian Defence Forces. Its tasks included the defence of the central fortress (North - Komárom) and the control of shipping on the Danube. It was never used in combat and served mainly as a training centre and weapons depot. During the First World War it was used as a conscription and training centre. During the Second World War, the 22nd Infantry Regiment had its headquarters at Fort Monostor, and the soldiers of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments were stationed there. After the Second World War.
Between 1945 and 1990, the Red Army's Army Group South set up the largest ammunition depot in Central Europe in the fort. With their withdrawal, the military function of the fortress ended forever.
Today the fort is a popular destination with a military history exhibition, Cold War vehicles, a bread museum, a boat exhibition and numerous events.
Alpine Tarns. Kings Canyon National Park, California. September 15, 2013. © Copyright 2013 G Dan Mitchell - all rights reserved.
Alpine tarns at the base of talus slopes, Kings Canyon National Park
The meaning of the term "tarn" is somewhat varied. Two technical definitions I've heard include (rather precisely) a small lake in a depression scooped out by glacial action, or (more informally perhaps) simply any very small body of mountain water too small to qualify as a real lake. Yes, that's pretty subjective! Aside from their tendency to produce mosquitos, I love tarns, and I especially love areas where they are embedded in a rocky landscape broken by small meadows and occasionally trees.
I photographed this spot with its tarns (or small lakes, if you prefer) in shaded, soft light. There was sun, but it was low enough in the sky that its direct light was blocked by a tremendous rocky ridge to our west. Down here at the base of the small valley where we camped, everything was quiet and soft, including the light.
G Dan Mitchell is a California photographer and visual opportunist. His book, "California's Fall Color: A Photographer's Guide to Autumn in the Sierra" is available from Heyday Books and Amazon.
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All media © Copyright G Dan Mitchell and others as indicated. Any use requires advance permission from G Dan Mitchell.
This is Sokcho and it is actually located north of the 38th parallel at precisely 38 degrees 12' 25.24" N and 128 degrees 35' 30.52" E.
Sokcho is on the East Sea. (The portion of the border that is exactly on the 38th Parallel is on the other side of the peninsula.) From this point it is possible to drive even further north to the border which is about 70 kilometers north of the 38th Parallel at this longitude. Bottom line is that the border is not a straight line and you can be north of the 38th parallel and still be in South Korea.
Sokcho, ROK
Olympus XA2 on Fujifilm 200
August 2017
This is precisely where the leaf was resting when I spotted it by the side of the road.
Moments after I took this shot a gust of wind carried it away.
The elegant Christmas Tree installed in front of Torre Picasso, precisely in the center of Pablo Picasso Square.
I liked the spheric balls framing the tree, therefore I though it could be a great perspective.
I hope you like this picture.
Press "L or Z" to enlarge the picture.
Enjoy a great Thursday!
________________________________
El Árbol de Navidad en la Plaza de Pablo Picasso, Centro Financiero de Azca, Madrid, España
El elegante árbol de Navidad instalado frente a la Torre Picasso, justo en el centro de la Plaza Pablo Picasso.
Me gustaron las esferas metálicas que enmarcaban el árbol, así que pensé que podría ser una perspectiva genial.
Espero que os guste esta foto.
Pulsa "Z o L" para agrandar la foto.
¡Pasad un buen jueves!
© all rights reserved
Please take your time... and enjoy it large on black
The general term ice age or, more precisely, glacial age denotes a geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in an expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. There have been at least four major ice ages in the Earth's past. Outside these periods, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. There is evidence that greenhouse gas levels fell at the start of ice ages and rose during the retreat of the ice sheets, but it is difficult to establish cause and effect. Greenhouse gas levels may also have been affected by other factors which have been proposed as causes of ice ages, such as the movement of continents and vulcanism. Although the last glacial period ended more than 8,000 years ago, its effects can still be felt today. For example, the moving ice carved out landscape in Canada, Greenland, northern Eurasia and Antarctica. The erratic boulders, till, drumlins, eskers, fjords, kettle lakes, moraines, cirques, horns, etc., are typical features left behind by the glaciers.
Photo taken inside a hummock taken at the IJsselmeer (IJmeer) near Amsterdam. A hummock is a boss or rounded knoll of ice rising above the general level of an ice-field, Hummocky ice is caused by slow and unequal pressure in the main body of the packed ice, and by unequal structure and temperature at a later period. Blue ice occurs when snow falls on the ice. The blue color is actually created for the same reason that water is blue, that is, its slight absorption of red light due to an overtone of the infrared OH stretching mode of the water molecule.
Een ijstijd of glaciatie is een geologisch tijdvak waarin ijskappen voorkomen. In het Engels wordt dit een periode van ice-house genoemd, als tegenhanger van een ijskaploze periode, de greenhouse ("broeikas"). Aangezien er gletsjers liggen op bijvoorbeeld Groenland of Antarctica, leven we tegenwoordig in een ijstijd. Men neemt aan dat dit in de gehele geologische geschiedenis van de Aarde minstens vijfmaal het geval is geweest, waarvan eenmaal zelfs zo sterk dat de ijskappen van de polen vrijwel tot aan de evenaar waren opgerukt. Ook zijn er periodes dat er aanzienlijke opwarming optrad waarbij die ijskappen grotendeels waren weggesmolten. Het klimaat op Aarde wordt beïnvloed door vele factoren, zoals de intensiteit van de zonnestraling, de ligging van de continenten, de continentverplaatsingen, vulkanisme, de zeestromen, de bedekking van het land door vegetatie, het weerkaatsingsvermogen van het aardoppervlak en vele kleine andere factoren. Met behulp van klimaatmodellen wordt door wetenschappers een reconstructie van het klimaat en de klimaatveranderingen in het verleden gemaakt. Alhoewel er een zekere consensus bestaat onder wetenschappers, zijn er nog vele onzekerheden en tegenstrijdigheden in dit onderzoek.
Hierboven een foto van kruiend ijs. Zoetwatermeren kunnen spectaculair bevriezen. Grotere meren zoals het IJsselmeer (IJmeer) hierboven hebben bijna altijd wel golven, en dit werkt directe bevriezing van het wateroppervlak tegen. Eerst vormen zich kleine ijsschotsen, die naar de kust drijven onder invloed van de wind. Deze schotsen vormen zo een ijsveld op het water dat de golven dempt, en uiteindelijk vriezen alle schotsen aan elkaar vast tot een massa. Voordat dit gebeurt schuren de schotsen voortdurend langs elkaar heen en schrapen zo stukjes ijs van elkaar af; elke schots krijgt zo een witte rand. Zulk ijs is dus totaal niet geschikt om op te schaatsen. Wanneer grotere delen van het meer bevriezen beginnen de platen, die soms een paar vierkante kilometer groot zijn, langzaam tegen elkaar te bewegen onder invloed van de wind en stroming. Dit heeft kruiend ijs tot gevolg: de ijsschotsen worden met kracht gebroken en op elkaar gestapeld langs de dijken langs het meer. Dit hoeft niet alleen bij dun ijs te gebeuren; soms kruit het ijs bij een dikte van meer dan 20 cm. De stapels ijs worden dan hoog, en het geluid is oorverdovend.
The genus Protea was named in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus after the Greek god Proteus, who could change his form at will because they have such a wide variety of forms. Linnaeus's genus was formed by merging a number of genera previously published by Herman Boerhaave, although precisely which of Boerhaave's genera were included in Linnaeus's Protea varied with each of Linnaeus's publications.
Most proteas occur south of the Limpopo River. However, Protea kilimanjaro is found in the chaparral zone of Mount Kenya National Park. 92% of the species occurs only in the Cape Floristic Region, a narrow belt of mountainous coastal land from Clanwilliam to Grahamstown, South Africa. The extraordinary richness and diversity of species characteristic of the Cape Flora are thought to be caused in part by the diverse landscape where populations can become isolated from each other and in time develop into separate species.
Proteas attracted the attention of botanists visiting the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. Many species were introduced to Europe in the 18th century, enjoying a unique popularity at the time amongst botanists. #7DWF
Operations image of the week:
In order to precisely deliver the Schiaparelli landing demonstrator module to the martian surface and then insert ExoMars/TGO into orbit around the Red Planet, it’s necessary to pin down the spacecraft’s location to within just a few hundred metres at a distance of more than 150 million km.
To achieve this amazing level of accuracy, ESA experts are making use of ‘quasars’ – the most luminous objects in the Universe – as ‘calibrators’ in a technique known as Delta-Differential One-Way Ranging, or delta-DOR.
Until recently, quasars were only poorly understood. These objects can emit 1000 times the energy of our entire Milky Way galaxy from a volume that it not much bigger than our Solar System, making them fearfully powerful.
They are fuelled by supermassive black holes – which are many, many times more massive than our Sun – feeding on matter at the centre of their host galaxies. In addition to their extreme luminosity, their extreme distance means that, seen from Earth, they appear to be fixed in the sky and their positions can be mapped with high precision, making them very useful as reference points for spacecraft navigation.
In the delta-DOR technique, radio signals from ExoMars/TGO are being received by two widely separated deep-space ground stations, one, say, at New Norcia, Western Australia, and one at Cebreros, Spain, and the difference in the times of signal arrival is precisely measured.
Next, errors due to current conditions in Earth’s atmosphere (which affect all radio signals passing through) are derived by simultaneously tracking radio signals from a quasar. Engineers can apply these as corrections to the signal received from ExoMars/TGO, delivering a significantly more accurate fix on its position.
On Wednesday this week, ESA ground stations began the first of many delta-DOR observations that will be used to precisely locate ExoMars/TGO, using quasar P1514-24, seen inset in an image of ESA's deep-space tracking station at Malargüe, Argentina, above.
Delta-DOR observations will be increasingly performed as the journey to Mars enters the crucial phases, enabling flight dynamics teams to generate precise instructions for thruster burns and separation timing and to assess manoeuvre performance.
“In October, in the final critical week before Mars arrival, teams will be conducting two delta-DOR observations daily,” says Mattia Mercolino, responsible for delta-DOR activities at ESOC, ESA’s operations centre in Darmstadt, Germany.
“It’s an excellent example of critical, real-time teamwork between the flight dynamics experts, the ground station operators, the ExoMars mission controllers and our delta-DOR team, and it would be much more difficult to get to Mars without this expertise.”
How precisely will we know ExoMars/TGO’s location?
“The current set of delta-DOR observations will enable us to locate the spacecraft to less than 1000 m when it’s near Mars, a distance of slightly more than 150 million km from Earth,” says Mattia.
“This is comparable to detecting from the location of an object in Singapore from Darmstadt, to about 5 cm precision.”
“In future, with currently planned technology improvements, we should be able to get the accuracy down to just 150 m at 150 million km.”
Credit: Estrack image: ESA/D. Pazos – Quasar P1514-24 inset image: Rami Rekola, Univerity of Turku, 2001
Photo taken by Andreas Rink, slide kindly provided for scanning by Florian Weiß.
München-Riem
1981-08-12 (12 August 1981)
HB-ABD
Nord 262B-11
4
Rhineair
HB-ABD is taxiing to Riem’s runway 25 for take-off. Precisely nine years earlier, on 12 August 1972, this airframe had been noted at the airport as F-BLHS with Rousseau Aviation.
This 1964 built Nord 262B flew with Air Inter from 1964, then Rousseau Aviation, TAT Touraine Air Transport as F-BLHS, Rhineair as HB-ABD, CAL Compagnie Aerienne du Languedoc and Air Littoral as F-GBEI and Trans Service Airlift as 9Q-CCR. (Source: rzjets.net).
Rhineair (the former Air Sea Service) operated scheduled services between Basle and Munich using N262s, but ceased operations in August 1981 (source: airlines-airliners.de). This must have been one of the last flights. The last report I have of HB-ABD at Riem is from 21 August 1981.
Information on Air Sea Service and Rhineair (in German):
www.airlines-airliners.de/airlines/air_sea_service.htm
www.airlines-airliners.de/airlines/rhineair.htm
This airframe as F-BLHS with Air Inter:
www.airlines-airliners.de/airliners/nord262/f_blhs_2.jpg
F-BLHS with Touraine Air Transport (TAT/Rousseau Aviation titles) in ca. 1975:
www.airlines-airliners.de/airliners/nord262/f_blhs.jpg
F-BLHS with Touraine Air Transport at BSL in April 1977:
imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/9/7/1/0108179.jpg
F-BLHS with Touraine Air Transport at ORY in September 1978 (later colours):
www.flickr.com/photos/avi_phot_nrw/48279317887
This airframe as F-GBEI with Compagnie Aerienne du Languedoc (CAL) at CDG in July 1986:
imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/1/5/8/0669851.jpg
F-GBEI with Air Littoral colours/CAL titles in February 1988:
www.flickr.com/photos/steelhead2010/8573481519
Scan from Kodachrome slide.
More precisely evening light on Hamilton Falls off the High Sierra Trail in an area named Valhalla in Sequoia National Parks. Yes there is more than extremely big trees and Mt Whitney in the park. This was the view from our Day 1 camp site on my recent backpacking trip. Traveling light is a necessity for this old body, so the I-Phone had to suffice. While this may not be Viking heaven, it is home to more waterfalls than can be counted! Amazing trip.
The petrol station here disappeared precisely between July 2015 and September 2016. In July 2015 it was there and operating, by September 2016 nothing was left, just a barren site awaiting redevelopment. Since then nothing has happened and the site is now overgrown with bushes and small trees, so I'm guessing site contamination would be the reason for the delay. It does seem a bit mad that a perfectly good service station could be removed in this way and razed to the ground only for nothing more to happen.
Here in September 2000 it was a busy and thriving site with cars queuing to buy fuel, presumably due to the shortages in that precise point in time.
www.google.co.uk/maps/@51.7499354,-1.2664778,3a,75y,288.8...
matt krueger aka dj tarquin
it should be noted that he has a pink feather in his hat that precisely matches his pink pocket square and tie.
(or is that the time! ??) My friend Malcolm Martin & I passed this heading to the railway station after a long day tramping about Edinburgh taking photos, knackered but happy.
The Aqueduct of Segovia (or more precisely, the aqueduct bridge) is a Roman aqueduct and one of the most significant and best-preserved ancient monuments left on the Iberian Peninsula. It is located in Spain and is the foremost symbol of Segovia, as evidenced by its presence on the city's coat of arms.
The Golden Gate bridge has been painted, since its construction, in orange, and more precisely in international orange. The choice of this color is due to Irving Morrow, who nevertheless met with strong criticism from officials, who found the idea ridiculous. The other paintings proposed, namely steel gray (close to that of the neighboring Bay Bridge), the aluminum color were not selected, Morrow judging that orange fit perfectly with the various elements of the bay. The United States Navy had even proposed to paint the bridge yellow, with black stripes to facilitate visibility from ships crossing the bay, but Morrow never gave up his original idea, and the bridge was painted orange, which is one of his most characteristic features
.
Le pont du Golden Gate est peint, depuis sa construction, en orange, et plus précisément en orange international. Le choix de cette couleur est dû à Irving Morrow, qui rencontra pourtant de vives critiques de la part des officiels, qui trouvaient l'idée ridicule. Les autres peintures proposées, à savoir le gris acier (proche de celui du Bay Bridge voisin), la couleur aluminium ne furent pas retenues, Morrow jugeant que l'orange s'accordait parfaitement avec les divers éléments de la baie. L'United States Navy avait même proposé de peindre le pont en jaune, avec des rayures noires pour faciliter la visibilité depuis des navires traversant la baie, mais Morrow ne renonça jamais à son idée première, et le pont fut peint en orange, ce qui constitue d'ailleurs l'un de ses traits les plus caractéristiques
© all rights reserved
Please take your time... and enjoy it large on black
The general term ice age or, more precisely, "glacial age" denotes a geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in an expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. There have been at least four major ice ages in the Earth's past. Outside these periods, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. There is evidence that greenhouse gas levels fell at the start of ice ages and rose during the retreat of the ice sheets, but it is difficult to establish cause and effect (see the notes above on the role of weathering). Greenhouse gas levels may also have been affected by other factors which have been proposed as causes of ice ages, such as the movement of continents and vulcanism. Although the last glacial period ended more than 8,000 years ago, its effects can still be felt today. For example, the moving ice carved out landscape in Canada, Greenland, northern Eurasia and Antarctica. The erratic boulders, till, drumlins, eskers, fjords, kettle lakes, moraines, cirques, horns, etc., are typical features left behind by the glaciers. This is the Marken lighthouse, given its name due to its shape ('paard' means 'horse' in dutch). The original was built in 1700, then reconstructed on top of the early foundations in 1839. It's still in use today.
Photo of hummocks taken at the lighthouse of Marken. A hummock is a boss or rounded knoll of ice rising above the general level of an ice-field, Hummocky ice is caused by slow and unequal pressure in the main body of the packed ice, and by unequal structure and temperature at a later period.
Een ijstijd of glaciatie is een geologisch tijdvak waarin ijskappen voorkomen. In het Engels wordt dit een periode van ice-house genoemd, als tegenhanger van een ijskaploze periode, de greenhouse ("broeikas"). Aangezien er gletsjers liggen op bijvoorbeeld Groenland of Antarctica, leven we tegenwoordig in een ijstijd. Men neemt aan dat dit in de gehele geologische geschiedenis van de Aarde minstens vijfmaal het geval is geweest, waarvan eenmaal zelfs zo sterk dat de ijskappen van de polen vrijwel tot aan de evenaar waren opgerukt. Ook zijn er periodes dat er aanzienlijke opwarming optrad waarbij die ijskappen grotendeels waren weggesmolten. Het klimaat op Aarde wordt beïnvloed door vele factoren, zoals de intensiteit van de zonnestraling, de ligging van de continenten, de continentverplaatsingen, vulkanisme, de zeestromen, de bedekking van het land door vegetatie, het weerkaatsingsvermogen van het aardoppervlak en vele kleine andere factoren. Met behulp van klimaatmodellen wordt door wetenschappers een reconstructie van het klimaat en de klimaatveranderingen in het verleden gemaakt. Alhoewel er een zekere consensus bestaat onder wetenschappers, zijn er nog vele onzekerheden en tegenstrijdigheden in dit onderzoek.
Hierboven een foto van kruiend ijs. Zoetwatermeren kunnen spectaculair bevriezen. Grotere meren zoals het IJsselmeer (IJmeer) hierboven hebben bijna altijd wel golven, en dit werkt directe bevriezing van het wateroppervlak tegen. Eerst vormen zich kleine ijsschotsen, die naar de kust drijven onder invloed van de wind. Deze schotsen vormen zo een ijsveld op het water dat de golven dempt, en uiteindelijk vriezen alle schotsen aan elkaar vast tot een massa. Voordat dit gebeurt schuren de schotsen voortdurend langs elkaar heen en schrapen zo stukjes ijs van elkaar af; elke schots krijgt zo een witte rand. Zulk ijs is dus totaal niet geschikt om op te schaatsen. Wanneer grotere delen van het meer bevriezen beginnen de platen, die soms een paar vierkante kilometer groot zijn, langzaam tegen elkaar te bewegen onder invloed van de wind en stroming. Dit heeft kruiend ijs tot gevolg: de ijsschotsen worden met kracht gebroken en op elkaar gestapeld langs de dijken langs het meer. Dit hoeft niet alleen bij dun ijs te gebeuren; soms kruit het ijs bij een dikte van meer dan 20 cm. De stapels ijs worden dan hoog, en het geluid is oorverdovend. Het Paard van Marken is een vuurtoren van Marken. De vuurtoren is gebouwd in 1839 en staat op de oostelijke punt van het eiland. De toren heeft een hoogte van 16 meter en een lichtbereik van 16,7 km.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin
Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. It is on the east coast of Ireland, in the province of Leinster, at the mouth of the River Liffey, and is bordered on the south by the Wicklow Mountains. It has an urban area population of 1,173,179, while the population of the Dublin Region (formerly County Dublin), as of 2016, was 1,347,359, and the population of the Greater Dublin area was 1,904,806.
There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD. Later expanded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin, the city became Ireland's principal settlement following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland.
Dublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education, the arts, administration and industry. As of 2018 the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as a global city, with a ranking of "Alpha −", which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Liffey
The River Liffey (Irish: An Life) is a river in Ireland, which flows through the centre of Dublin. Its major tributaries include the River Dodder, the River Poddle and the River Camac. The river supplies much of Dublin's water and a range of recreational activities.
Lovely old former Naval Research Laboratory's Grumman S-2D Tracker, BuAer No.149240/240 preserved at the Naval Test Centre Museum, Patuxent River, Maryland back in 2002
Scanned Kodak 35mm Transparency
37371 comes off the Romsey branch at precisely 09:40 and heads for (I guess) Fawley on a cold and misty February morning.
Oil trains used to frequent Eastleigh on a regular basis but, alas, underground pipelines have made this traffic a thing of the past.
37371 remained in traffic until November 1999. She was cut up at the CDRC at Wigan Springs during June 2001. RIP.