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NTSB ID:ERA10FA246
Aircraft Registration Number:N1856S
Occurrence Date: 04/27/2010
Most Critical Injury: Fatal
Occurrence Type: Accident
Investigated By:NTSB
Nearest City/Place: Bear Branch, KY 41714
Local Time: 1226 EDT
BEECH 58
HISTORY OF FLIGHT
On April 27, 2010, about 1226 eastern daylight time, a Beech 58, N1856S, registered to the Island Trading LTD and operated by an individual, crashed in the Daniel Boone National Forest near Bear Branch, Kentucky, during an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight from the Frederick Municipal Airport (FDK), Frederick, Maryland to the Olive Branch Airport (OLV), Olive Branch, Mississippi. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and an IFR flight plan was filed for the Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The airplane incurred substantial damage and the pilot/owner and passenger were killed.
The pilot was in communication and in radar contact with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Indianapolis Air Traffic Control Center (ZID) at the time of the accident. The pilot requested a higher altitude deviation due to weather conditions. The airplane climbed and was observed at 12,000 feet (ft) means sea level (msl). About 10 minutes later, the pilot reported problems with the airplane's airspeed indicator and requested a lower altitude. The pilot continued reporting airspeed problems during his descent. The last communication from the pilot was "just went down like an absolute rock ----don't know what happened". At 1225 EDT the airplane was lost from the ZID radar; the last radar contact showed the airplane around 5,000 ft msl. The Civil Air Patrol was notified of a possible downed airplane and a search was initiated. About 1730 local residents notified law enforcement that they located a crashed airplane on a hill side. At 1930 the search crew was able to reach the wreckage in the dense forest.
Witnesses who reside at the bottom of the hill where the airplane crashed stated that about the time of the accident they heard an airplane flying overhead. The airplane was flying south and then they heard it flying north; all the meanwhile the engines were surging slowly. As the airplane flew behind their house over the hill, a loud noise similar to a big tree falling was heard. The sound of the engines stopped at that moment. At the time of the accident the witnesses reported the weather conditions were extremely low clouds, mist, and rain.
PERSONNEL INFORMATION
The pilot, age 68, seated in the left front seat, held a FAA commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land, multiengine airplane land, and instrument airplane. He was issued a third-class medical certificate on November 25, 2009, with limitation of must have available glasses for near vision and not valid for any class after. A review of the pilot's flight logbook, dating from May 2008 to the date of the accident, revealed that the pilot had a total of 1,545 total hours, which 104 hours in the accident airplane, and he documented 14 hours of instrument time.
The passenger, seated in the right front seat, held no FAA certificates.
AIRCRAFT INFORMATION
The Beech 58, Baron, a six place, all metal low wing, twin-engine airplane, variable-pitch propeller, with retractable landing gear, serial number TH-1300, was manufactured in 1981, and issued a standard airworthiness certificate, in the normal category. The airplane was powered by two each Continental IO-520-CB, 285-horsepower engine and equipped with Hartzell, three bladed, propellers. The airplane was equipped, from the manufacturer, with windshield and propeller anti-ice alcohol systems. The airplane was equipped with a supplemental type certificate de-ice boot system on the leading edge of the wings, horizontal and vertical stabilizers. The airplane was equipped with an onboard weather radar system.The airplane was under the annual maintenance inspection program. The last annual inspection was performed on May 14, 2009, which the airplane had a total time of 5,840 hours.
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
The closest official weather observation was at the Julian Carroll Airport (JKL), Jackson, Kentucky, 30 miles north of the accident site. The JKL 1153 METAR, was winds variable at 5 knots; visibility 5 statute miles; light rain and mist, scattered clouds at 800 agl; overcast at 3,600 agl, temperature 9 degrees Celsius (C); dew point 7 degrees C; altimeter 29.64 inches of mercury.
The National Weather Service (NWS) Surface Analysis Chart depicted a cold front along the route of flight with an extensive area of clouds and precipitation. The NWS Weather Depiction Chart depicted IFR to meteorological visual flight rules (MVFR) conditions over the route and the accident site during the period with rain showers and low ceilings. The NWS Radar Summary Chart and regional radar mosaic depicted the accident site in an area of echoes of 35 to 45 dBZ. The JKL reported IFR to MVFR ceilings and visibility surrounding the hour prior to the accident. At the time of the accident the airport reported light wind, visibility 5 miles in light continuous rain and mist, with scattered clouds at 800 feet, ceiling overcast at 3,600 feet. The NWS Nashville (KBNA) 0800 EDT sounding depicted favorable conditions for IFR conditions with low ceilings with expected cloud tops to 22,000 feet. The freezing level was identified at 6,000 feet and the sounding supported icing conditions in clouds and precipitation. The probability of icing was greatest between 9,000 and 11,000 feet, with over 80 percent probability of light to moderate mixed icing. NWS Jackson (KJKL) weather service radar (WSR)-88D depicted a band of echoes over the route of flight and the accident site with reflectivities in the range of 20 to 35 dBZ. The higher elevation scans depicted a bright banding signature, which was likely associated with wet snow near the freezing level producing an artificial high reflectivity value. The base reflectivity image with the overlaid flight track of accident airplane indicated that the flight was in echoes from 1150 through 1226 EDT that indicated favorable conditions for icing during the flight. The Geostationary Operations Environmental Satellite (GOES) -13 satellite imagery depicted an extensive band of enhanced cloud tops associated with nimbostratus type clouds over the area with radiative cloud top temperature of 234.80 K or -38.36 C at 1232 EDT, which corresponded to cloud tops near 27,500 feet. The GOES-13 visible imagery depicted an overcast layer of nimbostratus clouds over the route and accident site when the pilot reported encountering icing conditions, with the band ending approximately 20 miles south and becoming more broken to scattered cloud cover over Tennessee. Numerous pilot reports indicated light to moderate rime to mixed icing conditions from 5,000 to 15,000 feet over the area. The NWS had AIRMET Zulu current for the area for moderate icing conditions from approximately 5,000 to 16,000 feet. The pilot obtained a preflight weather briefing which included the AIRMET for moderate icing conditions along the route of flight.
WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION
The airplane wreckage was located at 37 degrees 11.490 minutes north latitude and 83 degrees 30.753 minutes west longitude. The wreckage was contained within the impact area. The airplane came to rest on a heading of 176 degrees. The airplane came in contact with 30 degrees sloped terrain, consisted of rock and clay, in an approximately 30 degrees nose low attitude. The impact site consisted of dense forest with tall trees and large bushes. There was no smell of fuel reported by the first on scene personnel. However, observation of the vegetation near the wreckage was consistent with being exposed to aviation fuel. A few tree branches, directly overhead of the wreckage, were observed with contact damage. The vegetation surrounding the wreckage was observed undisturbed.
All of the airplanes flight control surfaces were located among the wreckage. The forward section of the fuselage up to the front cabin area was crushed aft to the mid section of the cabin. Both engines were still attached to the airframe and in 3 feet deep craters. Both wing leading edges were crushed aft. The mid cabin and empennage section were bent over and came to rest over the forward cabin and wing section. The rotating beacon red lens on top of the vertical stabilizer was fractured and found in front of the main wreckage. The flaps were observed in the up position and the landing gear was observed in the retracted position.
The left engine's propeller assembly was attached to the engine crankshaft flange. Two of the three propeller blades were separated from the base of the hub. One of the separated blades was not recovered. The remaining blades were bent aft conforming to the crater. The fracture surface of the separated and missing blade was consistent with overload. The right engine's propeller assembly was separated aft of the crankshaft flange. The fractured surface on the crankshaft was consistent with torsional overload. All three blades were attached to the hub and bent aft conforming to the crater. Both wing fuel tanks were breached. Sections of left and right wing leading edge de-ice boots were observed inflated. The vertical stabilizer leading edge boots were observed with partial inflation.
The responding FAA Inspector stated the emergency locator transponder (ELT) did not aid in locating the wreckage. However, the FAA inspector switched the ELT to the armed mode and the ELT activated.
A post recovery wreckage examination was performed by the engine, airframe, and propeller manufacturer with National Transportation Safety Board oversight. Evidence of fuel was observed in the airframe's fuel system. The left and right fuel selector valves were observed in between the off and on position. Flight control continuity was established and all separations were consistent with overstress separation or from the recovery process. Engine control lever continuity was established. Evidence of fuel was observed in both engine's fuel system. Continuity and cylinder compression was established with both engines. The vacuum pump and de-ice system pump were observed and were unremarkable. The left engine's right magneto would not spark when rotated by hand. Both propellers were not feathered, and at a low pitch with rotation at low to no power at the time of impact. The instrument panel was destroyed; fractured in several pieces. The attitude indicator gyro was removed and there was rotational scoring on the brass face and aluminum housing. No other discernable information was gathered from the instruments.
MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION
The Commonwealth of Kentucky Chief Medical Examiner's Office in Frankfort, Kentucky, conducted a postmortem examination. The cause of death for the pilot and passenger was blunt force trauma.
The FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) conducted toxicology testing on specimens from the pilot and passenger. No ethanol was detected in the pilot; chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine , irbesartan, metoprolo, and naproxen was detected, and putrefaction was noted. No ethanol was detected in the passenger's and no putrefaction was noted.
The pilot had previously noted the use of metoprolol, irbesartan, and naproxen, as well as a history of "Hay fever or allergy" and the use of loratadine on applications for FAA airman medical certificate, but had not noted the use of chlorpheniramine or diphenhydramine.
dms.ntsb.gov/aviation/AccidentReports/sltfosm0lyghy43wcgq...
Written on reverse: "Grandfather Woodfield's sister Isabella Mather. Tin types. Isabella Arnett & her mother Mary Arnett. Mary is also a sister of grandfather's."
"M. Bradbury, Photographer, Spring Bank, Wellington Road, Stockport."
I really can't tell on this one. I tend to think it is a postmortem because of the eyes and the hands. The hands are very limp for a baby being held up like this. I really can't say for sure though! Thoughts and opinions welcome.
1/9th Plate daguerreotype of a young lady who is very pale with dark circles under her eyes. This is one of my favorite 1/9 plates in my collection. Image is well lite and has excellent depth, contrast and reflective quality. The sweet girl does not look like she feels well.
Another interesting mourning hat that is quite similar to this one: www.flickr.com/photos/60861613@N00/9138848542/in/photostr....
"Joeseph Rutchtel, Photographic Artist, No. 91 First Street, Portland, Oregon."
Scientific Report
Skeletal Report for Skeleton Ex 567
1Index
2Introduction
3The Cranium & Mandible
4The Dental Record
5The Dental Record
6The Hyoid and Spinal Column
7The Clavicle, Sternum and the Ribs
8The Humerus, Radius and Ulna
9Stature & Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges
10The Scapula and the Sacrum
11The Pelvis Girdle and the Femur
12The Tibia and Fibula
13The Tarsal’s and Metatarsals
14Sexing Traits
15Skeletal Pathology Chart
16Skeletal Pathology Chart
17The Age of Skeleton Ex 567 & Conclusion
18Bibliography
19Stature Chart
20Dental Inventory
21Skeletal Chart
22Inventory of Adult Skeleton
23Types of Fractures
24Miles Dental Chart
25Bone Count Chart Including (MNI)
26Bone Surface Preservation
Introduction
The following is a scientific skeletal report based on skeleton Ex 567, its morphology structure and age have been estimated using techniques and methods published by Authors of both (Schwartz, 2007), and (Cox & Mays, 2000) as well as (Miles 1962).
Skeleton Ex 567 has originated from Exeter Cathedral in an archaeological excavation 30 years ago; the skeleton is being used in our project as part of a scientific report for establishing any bone disease this person may have had or disabilities that can be seen as evidence as part of the skeletal morphology based on the condition of the bone.
The pathology of the skeleton Ex 567 has also been overlooked to establish any major disease such as leprosy, Tuberculosis and Treponemal. The major factors that can affect bone is its morphology, this can be affected as part of its appearance due to changes on the surface of the bone and changes to the structure. These changes can be easily identifiable as different diseases affect different parts of the body, and this is shown on the bones that correspond with the disease mentioned.
All the bones have been analyzed and features such as fractures, postmortem damage and the rate of bone decay has been logged as part of our recording of skeleton Ex567.
The sex and age of skeleton Ex 567 has also been established using dating method from the Teeth, Ribs and Pelvis.
Skeletal Report for Skeleton Ex 567
The Cranium
The first part of our report consists of carrying out a detail analysis of the cranium. The condition of this cranium is fragmented; the identifiable fragments of the cranium are the Zygomatic process, the styloid process and the external occipital protuberance. The external occipital protuberance can be described when (Schwartz, 2007, p84) viewed from behind; the isolated occipital bone is reminiscent of a broad leaf with jagged edges.
There is a total of 26 fragmented pieces of skull bones in total. The more identifiable pieces are the occipital bone; the foramen magnum is not included. The bones of the lower cranium that are more easily identifiable are the maxilla and the mandible.
The Cranium for Skeleton Ex 567 consists of the following bones.
•Occipital Bone (posterior)
•Mandible Bone or the Lower Jaw (Anterior)
•Maxilla (Left Side)
The Mandible
The second part of our report will be looking at the dental evidence and recording the contents of the mouth. The Mandible area for our Cranium is in a fairly good state and it’s not fragmented as badly as the bones of the upper Cranium. The teeth of the lower jaw are attached to the Mandible.
The Mandible is in two halves; the point of fracture is on the body of the Mandible and can be viewed from the anterior. There is the left Mandible and the right Mandible, both sides are complete and consist of the ascending Ramus, the Coronoid process and the Condyle. Some features that can be distinguished on the Mandible are the Gonial angle and the (Schwartz, 2007, p61) mental foramen; an accessory mental foramen may be present as a uni- and/ or bilateral variant. The mandible for skeleton Ex567 has characteristics that are consistent with a female, we know this because (Schwartz, 2007, p59) a male’s mandible is usually larger, bulkier, and more rugose than a female’s.
The Mandible has been used in our recording of age. The first, second and third molar has been used to correlate the age of the person against the decay rate; the rate of decay has been established using methods acquired by the (Miles 1962) attrition scheme, see fig 1.1; the ages that were estimated using this scheme correlated with the age of the teeth as between the ages of 18-20 years old. The tooth wear is about one quarter of the entire tooth has small amounts of worn enamel, the other three quarters of the tooth is in perfectly good condition. This rate of decay has been applied and there was a perfect match, the age corresponds with the decay rate for the first, second and third molar. Another method that has been used is the correlation of the third molar on the left mandible, this has been used as an age indicator and this method shows that the third molar (Cox & Mays 2000, p86) will not erupt until about the age of 18. The third molar has not entirely erupted and this again indicates an age of 18-20.
The Dental Record for Skeleton Ex 567
The Maxilla
The Maxilla is not complete and does not consist of all the dental wear, the condition of the maxilla is fragmented, this may be (Schwartz, 2007, p312) postmortem breakage or impact also tends to produce fragments with edges that are unnaturally angular or serrated. These key features shows all the evidence that would establish postmortem damage and shows the Maxilla fragmented with only the left view of the Maxilla. The teeth that are anchored on to the fragmented Maxilla are:
•2 pre-molar
•3 molar
The amount of teeth that are unattached to the Maxilla and Mandible are in a total of 15, these include the following:
•8 incisors
•2 canine
•3 molars
•2 premolar
The left Mandible consist of six teeth, these include the following.
•3 molar
•2 premolar
•1 canine
The right Mandible consists of seven teeth, these include the following.
•3 molar
•2 pre – molar
•1 canine
•1 incisor
The Maxilla or the upper jaw is not as complete as the Mandible, it is badly fragmented and the only recognizable feature is the left side of the Maxilla. The teeth that are still attached to the Maxilla are:
•2 Pre-molar
•3 Molar
Hyoid
The hyoid for skeleton Ex567 is not fragmented or broken, it is in relatively good condition and consist of the body and the Greater cornu, (Schwartz, 2007, p312) the relatively thin adult hyoid resembles an edentulous mandible, this feature is best suited to the description of this hyoid and all features correspond with the morphology described.
Spinal Column
The following bones have been recorded using Spinal Column bones from skeleton Ex 567. All bones have been labeled and numbered in the correct order.
NoCervicalThoracicLumberCoccyx
1Not fragmentedFragmented (Spinous process absent)FragmentedAbsent
2Not fragmentedFragmented (Spinous process absent)Fragmented
3Not fragmentedFragmented (spinous process absent)Fragmented
4Not fragmentedFragmented (spinous process absent)Fragmented
5Not fragmentedFragmented (spinous process absent)Fragmented (the body of the lumber is cut, can be postmortem)
6Not fragmented (small amounts of abrasion)Fragmented (spinous process absent)
7Not fragmented (small amounts of abrasion)Fragmented (spinous process absent)
8Fragmented (spinous process absent)
9Fragmented (spinous process absent)
10Fragmented (spinous process absent)
11Fragmented (spinous process absent)
12Fragmented (spinous process absent)
The Clavicle
The clavicle (Schwartz, 2007, p120) articulates between the Scapula and the Sternum. The left and right Clavicle is included in our report and there are small amounts of abrasion to the Sternal end and the Acromial end.
The sternum
The Sternum is not complete and there are certain sections missing, such as the body of the Sternum and the Xiphoid process together with the Facet. It is not clear if these were retrieved during postmortem or not. The only strong evidence remaining from the sternum is the Manubrium. There is no fracture and cuts to the Manubrium and the Clavicular notch together with the Suprasternal notch are still visible.
The Ribs
The ribs are all included in our report, in total there are 15 ribs for skeleton Ex 567. There are a total of seven pairs of ribs, seven ribs on the right and eight ribs on the left; there is one rib on the left that is not paired. The length of these ribs range from about 2-5 inches. The articular facet is shown on the head of the ribs and so is the neck, many of the larger ribs have become fractured or cut near to the coastal groove area. The smaller ribs such as the first and second rib have been fractured as well and are not complete. We know that the ribs do not belong to a juvenile because the heads are fused, and (Schwartz, 2007, p116) that ossification of the head and tubercle does not begin until 16-17 or even as late as 20 years; they fuse with the rest of the rib between the twentieth and twenty-fifth year.
The age of the ribs has been placed into the Phase 2 category. The Phase 2 category can be described as (Schwartz, 2007, p245) development of “V” (or narrow “U”) shaped pit in Sternal end. The age category that correlates with these features is between the ages of (16-19), (20-23). The morphology of the ribs Sternal end corresponds with the sex as female, this has been summarized partly through (Schwartz, 2007, p245) the description of a “V” shaped pit applies more frequently to females than males.
The Humerus
The Humerus is included in our report and the condition of the both the lateral and Medial Epicondyle is not broken or fragmented but there is small amounts of abrasion seen on the surface of the proximal and distal ends of the Humerus as well as small amounts of bone that may have become damaged during Postmortem. The anatomical neck is still in place, the deltoid tuberosity is also visible. There are small amounts of micro porosity visible on the head of the Humerus and also on the medial and lateral Epicondyle.
The Radius and Ulna
Below is a list of the ulna and radius that are present.
•Left ulna
•Right ulna (broken and missing trochlear notch and olecranon process)
•Left radius (fragmented to the proximal end)
•Right radius
The maximum length for long bone has been measured against the estimated stature for the skeleton Ex567 using, Trotter. M. (1970) Chart. See fig 8.9.
Femur(right)Femur(left)Humerus(right)Humerus(left)Tibia(right)Tibia(left)Fibula(left)Fibula(right)Stature in CmFeet
11 ½ inches1555’ 1”
11 ¾ inches1595’ 2 ½ “
16 inches1545’ ½ “
16 ¼ inches1555’ 1”
12 3/8 inches1535’
12 5/8 inches1545’ ½ “
12 ¾ inches1555’ 1”
12 ¾ inches1555’ 1”
Fig 2.1
Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges
Carpals Right Hand Carpals Left Hand Metacarpals Right HandMetacarpals Left HandPhalangesRight HandPhalanges Left Hand
a.Trapezium0 3 4 3 proximal
b.Trapezoid0 3 intermediate
c.Scaphoid0 1 Distal
The Scapula
The Scapula for skeleton Ex 567 is fragmented, the Glenoid Fossa on both the left and right Scapula is not cut or broken but surrounding pieces have been. There is no Sub Scapular Fossa, inferior angle and lateral axial borders, the only remaining part of both left and right scapula are the Glenoid Fossa and the Spine, the (Schwartz, 2007, p119) spine is quite elevated dorsally. It continues over and laterally beyond the head as a spit of bone. Other fragmented pieces include right and left pieces of the Superior angle.
The Sacrum
The Sacrum is not complete and is fragmented. The only part is the right Ala viewed from the anterior view (Schwartz, 2007, p109) a female’s Alae are typically quite large, distended, and markedly flared laterally. The Ala for skeleton Ex 567 has a large Ala and consists of this key feature. The other parts that consist of the Sacrum are small parts of the first right Intervertbral Foramen. This makes up a small fragmented portion which also includes the body of the Sacrum.
The Pelvic Girdle
The Pelvic Girdle is not complete, both the left side and the right side of the Pelvic Girdle is fragmented and the Pubic Ramus is absent as well as the Greater Sciatic Notch
I.The right side is fragmented and the only piece of bone available is (Schwartz, 2007, p149) the ilium superior margin is the iliac crest, which is superiorly arcuate (more noticeably in males than in females) and irregularly thickened. However the right iliac crest is not irregularly thickened and does not have this key feature of a male. Also available is a fragmented piece of the acetabulum.
II.The left side is also fragmented and the acetabulum is not broken, it is complete and shows the lunate surface. The Iliac crest together with a fragmented piece of the Ilium is available and the Iliac Crest is not thickened or has features such as that of a male.
III.The right Pelvic Girdle does not have a thickened iliac crest and shows all the key features of a female.
IV.The left Pelvic Girdle does not have this thickened iliac crest and shows all the key features of a female.
V.All the evidence gathered from the iliac crest has shown this Pelvic Girdle as female.
The Femur
RIGHT FEMURLEFT FEMURFRAGMENTED
The right femur is broken on the body; the point of break is about 3” under the greater Trochanter when viewed from the anterior side. All other features such as the lateral and medial Epicondyle are visible as well as the head and neck.The left femur is broken on the lateral and medial Epicondyle borders; the point of break has a sharp jagged edge and may have been post mortem damage. All other features such as the Greater and lesser Trochanter together with the Lateral and Medial Condyles are still visible.The right and left femur is not fragmented. There are two points of break, one on the right femur (Proximal side). The other on the left femur (Distal side)
The Tibia and the Fibula
The Right TibiaThe Left TibiaThe Right FibulaThe Left Fibula
The right Tibia is not fragmented or broken and consists of all features such as the lateral and medial Malleolus together with the lateral and medial Condyle.The left Tibia is not fragmented or broken and consists of all features such as the lateral and medial Malleolus together with the lateral and medial Condyle.The right Fibula is broken about 1” under the styloid process; the point of break has a blunt edge and can be post mortem damage. All other features such as the talus are visible and not damagedThe left Fibula is broken about 1” under the styloid process; the point of break has a jagged edge and can be post mortem damage. All other features such as the talus are visible and not damaged
The Tarsal’s and Metatarsals
Tarsals (Right)Tarsals (Left)Metatarsals (Right)Metatarsals (Right)Phalanges (Right)Phalanges (Left)
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Navicular
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Navicular
Metatarsals 1
Metatarsals 2
Metatarsals 3
Metatarsals 4
Metatarsals 5
Metatarsals 1
Metatarsals 2
Metatarsals 3
Metatarsals 4
Metatarsals 5
2 Proximal
1 Intermediate
5 Proximal
1 Intermediate
2 Proximal
The Sex of the Adult Skeleton
Two bones have been used of correlate the sex of Skeleton Ex 567. These two bones are the Pelvis and the Skull. Below is a chart outlining the detail of both these bone and there morphology towards determining the sex using the characteristics of the skull and the Pelvis.
CHARACTER OF PELVIS FOR SKELETON EX567
CHARACTERFEMALEMALE
No
1Iliac blade (anterior view)Flared laterally
2Iliac tuberosityBroad Mounded
3Greater Sciatic notchV-shaped, 30 degrees
4Auricular surfacesWide, in plane iliac surface
5Post auricular spaceSmall and narrow
6AcetabulumLarge faces laterally
7Pubic tubercleBlunt, closer to symphysis
8Ventral arcPresent
9Overall shape (anterior view)Low and broad
CHARACTER OF SKULL FOR SKELETON EX567
CHARACTERFEMALEMALE
No
1Overall shape of the craniumGracile, lighter
2Supraorbital ridgesSlight
3Orbital OutlineCircular, sharp edges
4Zygomatic boneShort ,smooth lower margin
5Temporal RidgesMarked
6Occipital & Mandibular CondylesSmall
7Pterygoid platesSmall
8Mandibular ramus (ant-post)Narrow
9Mandibular ramusFlexed posterior border
10Depth from Incisors to MentumShort
11Mental ProtuberanceSmall
13Lower margin of mand.corpusThick
14Angle of mandibleObtuse, smooth edged
15Lower first molarOften four - cusped
Conclusion : The Morphological characteristics of skeleton Ex 567 is consistent with a female
SKELETAL PATHOLOGY CHART
See fig. 10. For a types of fractures
Please indicate if certain bones have the necessary morphology and are within the Pathology indicated; Tick yes/no.
Fractured BonesType of FractureProliferative ChangesErosive ChangesRemodeling Changes
CraniumYesDepressedNoYesNo
Spinal ColumnYesTransverseNOYESNO
HyoidNONONONONO
RadiusNONONOYESNO
UlnaNONONOYESNO
CarpalsNONONONONO
MetacarpalsNONONONONO
RibsYESTransverseNOYESNO
SternumYESTransverseNOYESNO
SacrumYESTransverseNOYESNO
Pelvis GirdleYESDepressedNOYESNO
FemurYESObliqueNOYESNO
PatellaNONONONONO
TibiaYESNoNOYES NO
FibulaYESTransverseNOYESNO
TarsalsNONONOYESNO
MetatarsalsNONONOYESNO
SKELETAL PATHOLOGY CHART
Please indicate if certain bones have the necessary morphology and are within the Pathology indicated; Tick yes/no.
Joint Disease and TypePeriostitisOsteitis or Osteomyelitis, e.g., classify by typeLeprosy Remodeling ChangesTuberculosisTreponemal
CraniumNoNONONONONONO
Spinal ColumnNONONONONONONO
HyoidNONONONONONONO
RadiusNONONONONONONO
UlnaNONONONONONONO
CarpalsNONONONONONONO
MetacarpalsNONONONONONONO
RibsNONONONONONONO
SternumNONONONONONONO
SacrumNONONONONONONO
Pelvis GirdleNONONONONO NONO
FemurNONONONONONONO
PatellaNONONONONONONO
TibiaNONONONONONONO
FibulaNONONONONONONO
TarsalsNONONONONO NONO
MetatarsalsNONONONO NONONO
The Age and Sex of Skeleton Ex 567
The age and sex of Skeleton Ex 567 was based on the evidence gathered from the Mandible, the Pelvic Girdle, the Ribs, the Skull and erosion based on the teeth.
All the data have been compiled from statistical analysis using modern methods in dating and sexing form, Schwartz, J.H, 2007, Skeleton Keys. An introduction to the Human Skeletal Morphology, Development and analysis. Second Edition, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, Oxford University Press Inc; the results have been produced in the following order. The preservation of the bones has been detailed as well using methods in fig 5.5
Below is a detailed description of the age, sex and height of skeleton Ex 567, together with the Grade of bone decay
SexAgeHeightBone Surface Preservation
Female18-20 years old5’ 2”Grade-0
Surface morphology clearly visible with fresh appearance to bone; no modification
Bibliography
Schwartz, J.H, 2007, Skeleton Keys. An introduction to the human Skeletal Morphology, Development and analysis. Second Edition, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, Oxford University Press Inc.
Miles, AEW. (1962). Assessment of age from the dentition. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 51:1057-1050
Cox, M. and Mays, S. 2000. Human Osteology in Archaeology and Forensic Science.
London: Greenwich Medical Media Ltd
Trotter. (1970) Estimation of stature from intact long limb bones. In Stewart, T.D (Ed) Personal identification in mass disasters.
"Slee Bros. Po'keepsie, N.Y." with orange 2-cent stamp.
I am in no way trying to be unkind to this woman, but I must comment that she is clear proof that we retain Neanderthal DNA. In fact, the average Caucasian has now been proven to be carry about 4 percent Neanderthal genes, which is no small amount, considering how many generation back the genetic transfer took place. But I digress....
On the back is written " Ch. Rihlskon [or Rihlskor], td. [or fd.] Sigersteen."
W. A.Gurenius & P. C. Quist, hof-photographer, Stockholm. Regeringsgatan No. 18."
"Photographer and artist A.D. Lewis, 111 & 113 Scotswood Road, New castle on Tyne, and 56 Front Street, Tynemouth"
This glass slide has no marking other than the handwritten number 39 on a small tag, which seems to indicate that this was part of a set of slides. The identity of this woman is unknown, but there is a chance that she is a public figure of some sort.
That's all that's written on the back of this real photo postcard. "Mickelson Photo" is barely visible in the lower right corner.
तस्वीरों में देखें : दुनिया के सबसे प्रसिद्ध बाघ का पोस्टमार्टम
भोपाल.यदि आप मध्य प्रदेश को बाघों की सैरगाह मानते हैं तो एक बार फिर से सोच लें। क्योंकि, अब मध्य प्रदेश वाकई बाघों के सुरक्षित नहीं रह गया है। बांधवगढ़ टाइगर रिजर्व में एक बाघ की मौत ने एक बार फिर से पार्क प्रशासन के साथ सरकार की नियत पर भी सवाल खड़ा कर दिए हैं।
दुनिया के सबसे प्रसिद्ध बाघों में शुमार बी2 अब इस दुनिया में नहीं रहा। रविवार को पार्क प्रबंधन के कर्मचारियों द्वारा शिफ्टिंग के दौरान बी2 बाघ की मौत हो गई। यह वही बाघ था, जिसने न सिर्फ बांधवगढ़ को बल्कि मध्य प्रदेश को भी इंटरनेशनल लेवल पर ख्याति दिलाई। इस बाघ को लेकर कई फिल्में बन चुकी हैं, जिसे डिस्कवरी और नेशनल जियोग्राफी जैसे चैनलों पर लगातार दिखाया जाता है।
14 साल 7 महीने का बी2 का मुख्य क्षेत्र बाधंवगढ़ किले के नीचे वाला क्षेत्र था लेकिन कई बार वहां नए बाघ आ जाने के कारण वह लगातार अपना क्षेत्र बदलता रहा। उसके माता-पिता भी इंटरनेशनल लेवल पर काफी फेमस था। मां सीता और पिता का नाम चार्जर था। सीता का कुछ साल पहले ही शिकार हो गया था जबकि चार्जर घायल अवस्था में दम तोड़ दिया था। लेकिन रविवार को बी2 मौत की आगोश में चला गया। आशंका जताई जा रही है कि बाघ को बेहोशी की दवा की अधिक डोज दिए जाने के कारण संभवत: बाघ की मौत हुई।
रविवार को पार्क के कर्मचारी घुनघुटी वन परिक्षेत्र के चौरी बीट से बाघ को पार्क ले जा रहे थे। इस दौरान बाघ को बेहोश करने के लिए गन से दवा दी गई। बेहोशी की हालत में उसे पिंजड़े में रखकर पार्क एरिया मे लाते समय रास्ते में बाघ ने दम तोड़ दिया। उमरिया में लंबे वक्त से बाघों के लिए काम कर रहे वन्यप्राणी प्रेमी पुष्पेंद्र कहते हैं कि सामान्यत: एक बाघ 12 साल ही जीता है लेकिन बी2 की उम्र काफी अधिक हो गई थी। लेकिन इसकी मौत से सिर्फ बांधवगढ़ को ही नहीं बल्कि दुनियाभर के बाघ प्रेमियों को झटका लगा है।
Slayer (Final World Tour) @ Merriweather Post Pavilion, Columbia, MD on Tuesday, May 14, 2019
#FinalWorldTour 2019 #Setlist:
Delusions of Saviour
Repentless
Evil Has No Boundaries
World Painted Blood
Postmortem
Hate Worldwide
War Ensemble
Gemini
Disciple
Mandatory Suicide
Chemical Warfare
Payback
Temptation
Born of Fire
Seasons in the Abyss
Hell Awaits
South of Heaven
Raining Blood
Black Magic
Dead Skin Mask
Angel of Death
Written on reverse: "Hannah E. Van Nort (Somerby)."
"Towne's Portrait Studio, 425 Washington St., Boston, Mass."
Hannah E. Somerby was born in Massachusetts in 1843. She appears on the 1850 census of Boston, Ward 11, living in what appears to be a flat in a divided house with 78-year-old Hannah Prince, who may be her grandmother; 33-year-old Anne Adams, who may be her aunt; and 31-year-old Eliza Somerby--presumably her mother. None appear to be employed.
At the moment, I cannot seem to get any further with her. I'll have to comeback to her at a later date.
"After six months of widowhood, Bridget consented to again enter the married state. A few eeks after she was led to the altar, her former mistress met her on the street, dressed in deepest mourning.
"'Why, Bridget,' she exclaimed, 'for whom are you in black?'
"'For poor Tim, me furrst husband, Mum. When he died I was that poor I couldn't, but I said if ever I could I would, and me new man, Mike, is as generous as a lord.'"
As I have written before in descriptions and during debates with commenters, that mourning dress was not a legal obligation. Women entered into the custom as much as their circumstances allowed. This item from the December 1892 issue of Life magazine makes it clear that acceptance of individual circumstances in mourning was widely understood and accepted.