View allAll Photos Tagged peripherals
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
With the usual display of confidence about her, the England native approached the corner, pausing upon catching sight of the ongoing traffic. Shifting the position of her fingers around the straps of her purse, her grip tightened against the leather material as she inclined her cleft chin, head canting to the right just slightly as she waited for the cars to clear enough so that she might pass to the other side of the street. From her peripheral vision, Olivia could see someone standing to her left, and with a turn of her head in that individual's direction, she spotted the man and, instinctively, her cerulean gaze shifted onto his shoes. Being the aficionada of quality footwear that she was, the blonde woman softly arched the thin, fair hairs of her left eyebrow, smirking subtly before commenting, "Nice shoes.". It was one thing when another woman sported attractive footwear, but it was another when a man did, and Olivia always admired a man with taste.
Tobias Reyes' stood outside the First Bank's building, anxiously fidgeting with his watch as his glance turned from the busy street to the side-walk before him--then back again. Truth be told, the blond had made his way outside for a breath of fresh air and a cigarette but somehow he'd managed to clean the box out earlier that day and had yet to find the time to buy more. Tobias' more-than-distracted attention would turn toward the woman standing at the corner as she spoke, his light blue eyes drifting down toward his feet as her comment sinks in before looking back up in her general direction. "Thank you." The blond would state, slightly caught-off-guard by the comment before taking a step toward the curb.
Ethereal Warrhol faced him somewhat, turning herself onto a slanted stance when she noticed his sight fixed itself upon her. She felt a vibrating sensation from the interiour of her purse, but refrained from acknowledging it. Judging by its the briefness of said vibration, the forensic psychiatrist determined that it had been a text message, which made her even less interested in responding to it. For the meantime, at least. The corners of her mouth curled, her lips parting a moment thereafter before she offered one of her prominent, pearly-white smiles, and she replied, "You're very welcome. Let me guess..". Cue pause as she tapped a beautifully-manicured index-fingertip against her chin. "..Ferragamo.", said Olivia, gesturing toward the man's footwear with a motion of that same finger.
Tobias Reyes grins slightly as he lifts his left foot up into the air, right index finger extending to point at his shoe as he spoke. "Ferragamo." The blond would move his finger through the air after the word had left his mouth; moving to his watch, then his shirt, then down to the waist of his pants before moving up to his face. The flow of designer names leaving his lips one after another in an all-too fluid movement. "Chanel, Ralph Lauren, Michael Kors, Tobias Reyes Nakajima." The blond would say, as the grin shifts its way into a slight smirk with his cocky introduction.
"Not bad.", she replied. Along with the fellow blond's cocky attitude came an increase of interest on the English woman's part, obscurely shown by means of a soft raise of the thin, fair hairs of her eyebrows. She turned, facing him in full before the right corner of her mouth tugged upward some, bringing forth a small smirk within the crease of Olivia's lips. With a casual, outward point of her left foot, the she began. "Kate Spade.", said the psychiatrist, gesturing toward her flats with a graceful motion of her own index finger, the blue depths of her eyes maintaining flawless eye contact with the man-- that was, of course, unless he happened to avert his gaze. "Nanette Lepore.", she continued, pointing toward her trousers, then to her top and to her purse. "Diane von Furstenberg, Michael Kors..". And, last but certainly not least, she finished, "..Olivia West.". Upon the mention of her name, she extended her hand politely, the smirk on her lips leaving, replaced by a more amicable grin.
Tobias Reyes' gaze follows the woman's finger as her own index finger moves from each piece of clothing and accessory in her ensemble and a soft chuckle would leave the blond's lips as the woman extends her hand and states her own name. The blond appreciated a woman who knew her designers and actually had the level of sarcasm needed to appreciate his humor; and his expression as he closed the distance between them and took her hand in a simple gesture of greeting would plainly show his amusement. "It's a pleasure to meet you Ms. West." The blond would say, his gaze locked on her own as he continued. "Almost as much a pleasure as meeting your outfit." The blond would say, his lips curling up at one end as the remark leaves his lips.
Ethereal Warrhol's lips pursed some, but the grin remained intact. Her slender fingers coiled halfway about his hand, and her grip was, perhaps, much firmer than what might have been expected of the waif-like woman. A very small, very soft, but very sincere chuckle emitted passed her lips upon hearing Tobias' last comment, to which Olivia replied, "As it was to meet yours. But, I assure you..". Gently, she slid her hand from out of his hold, fingertips lightly gliding against his wrist a moment before her hand fell to her side again, palm pressing against her thigh. "..The pleasure is -all- mine.". She canted her head to the right some-- a barely noticeable action-- and then casually inquired, "Tell me. What does a man with as exquisite taste as yourself -do- for a living?". No hesitation.
Tobias Reyes' brow would raise slightly as the woman pulled her hand away from his own and he felt her fingertips slid across the bare skin along his wrist; a response the blond wasn't expecting from the hand-shake. With her blunt question, the blond's slightly awe-struck expression would shift back into his typical grin as he nods to the building behind him, crowd and all. "I'm currently employed as the Chief Legal Officer for the First Bank of Perdition." The blond would say, his head turning again toward his right as he looks at the group behind him through his peripherals. He could still smell the cigarette smoke that had been coming from one of them and the scent was only itching the blond one even more. Damn empty box. Tobias would from and his hands patted at his pockets, momentarily forgetting about the conversation going on in front of him before his gaze once more falls on the woman. "I'm sorry about that. Got a lil distracted." He'd say with a chuckle. "And what is it that you do?"
Ethereal Warrhol's eyes shifted their focus onto the faint arching of her newly-made acquaintance's eyebrow. Why? Because it was minor detail such as that which the blonde usually noticed without trying to. Years of analyzing body language-- facial expressions, involuntary movement(s), gestures, posture, tone of voice, etc.-- had led her detection of 'the little things' to become something of a second nature to her. At any rate, she did not address the brow-lift, but, instead, responded to the mention of his profession. "Very nice.", Olivia said, rose-coloured lips parting in the exposure of yet another brilliant grin as she inclined her chin again. "No worries.", she told him in reference to his apology, accompanying her reassurance with a couple of gentle shakes of her head. "I work for the police department.", stated the slender woman. "As their forensic psychiatrist.".
Tobias Reyes' brow would raise once more with the woman's career statement. A psychiatrist? Yeah, this little fact would make Tobias just a bit more uncomfortable and anxious; and his body language would show just that. The blond could cringe at the title, his whole body contracting, and his fingers would begin to tap anxiously along the legs of his pants as the fact seeped in--but the blond would do what any well-mannered citizen would do and he'd make an honest attempt to cover up his uncomfortable mind-set but widening his grin; exposing his teeth for the world to see. "Well." The blond would state, "I guess I probably shouldn't have started naming off designers as I did. I can just image the types of connections someone in your profession could come up with from a greeting like that." Tobias' words weren't meant to come across as insulting, or as a means of reading too much into the woman's line of work, but more-than-likey they would do just that.
Consequently and naturally, Olivia did, in fact, notice the shift in Tobias' body language. However, despite that truth, despite his pouring anxiety, and despite his evident uneasiness, the European was left only to wonder as to the reasons behind the man's curious reaction to her profession. On the other hand, however, it was not unheard of-- and this, Olivia knew from both word of mouth -and- personal experience-- that a person sometimes grew uncomfortable when conversing with a psychiatrist/ologist. There was always that assumption or wonder as to whether or not said brain-picker was attempting to.. well.. pick the given individual's brain. "Oh, can you?", she asked, her grin softening only slightly. "Humour me.". She folded her arms beneath the swell of her bosom, a hint of a smirk playing along the outlines of her lips.
Tobias Reyes' fingers would stop drumming against his leg almost immediately after the blonde had asked him to share his feelings with her and his jaw would relax just slightly as he's put on the spot. "Uh--really?" The blond would say with a half-hearted chuckle. "Oh-uh--okay." Tobias' finger would curl upward, manicured fingernails digging into his palms as the blond makes some silent attempt at punishing himself for opening his big mouth. "Well--there's the common misconception that I could be obsessed with my appearance, or have a tendency to flash my status around..." The blond would trail of his sentence before continuing, the comment following said more to himself than to the psychiatrist before him. "Though, I guess out-righty stating my position with the bank didn't help that one." He'd pause for a moment before continuing on his rant. "There's the misconstrued idea that I could look down on those who don't wear designer and opt out for the cheap-shit--by the way, I don't -really- think of these things. In fact, I'm making this worse, aren't I?" The blond would ask as his expression turns to a mix of defeat and embarrassment.
Ethereal Warrhol listened attentively, genuinely curious as to what his response would be. As he went on, making one statement after the other, she focused on his face-- his eyes, more specifically. However, as soon as he made one false move, so to speak, Olivia's blue hues would be on it without delay. Subtle shifts in her own body language took place, but none that would betray her in some form or another. These shifts included a small lift of her brow-line, the corners of her mouth curling slightly, and a faint, rightward tilt of her head. After he was finished, ending with a question in which she found amusement, Olivia's smirk dissolved, and a brightly-adorned smile found its way to her mouth before she chuckled light-heartedly. "You know. I'm willing to wager that you'd make -great- company for lunch.", she said, pointing at him as her chuckling ceased. "What does next week look like for you? Say.. Tuesday?".
Tobias Reyes wasn't sure if this was truly an invitation to lunch or an informal invitation to dig deeper into Tobias' fear of poverty and his obsession with economic status. Honestly, the blond was reading much-to-into the woman profession but, at the very least, her slight fit of laugher had begun to put the lawyer at some level of ease. "As of right now--" The blond would say, now opting to choose his words carefully and his tone spoken a bit more slowly. "--Tuesday looks clear. And, well, lunch sounds like it could be fun. I mean, as long as it's not a ruse to uncover my deepest insecurities and what-not" The blond would say, punctuating his remark with a chuckle as he reached into his right front pocket and pulled out a large silver money-clip, his left hand moving to pluck a business card from it's grasp; holding it outward as he continues. "The card's a bit old, still waiting on the new ones from the bank to come in, but the numbers the same. It'll put you right through to my cell phone if you want to get ahold of me later this week?"
"I wouldn't dream of it.", she told him, replying seemingly seriously despite his humour. Another, but softer grin settled upon Olivia's face before she lessened the distance between them even more so, one Kate Spade after the other ultimately leaving no more than a foot-- if even-- between them as she swiftly fished a card of her own from out of her purse. She handed it to him. "Consider it a date.", she said, looking up at him. Perhaps teasing, perhaps technical, but nevertheless obscured. Her left hand lifted, and she pinched his business card between her index finger and thumb, waiting for him to retrieve that which she had offered him.
Tobias Reyes pocketed the money-clip as Olivia closed the space between them, the right side of his lips curling upward as she presents her own card in turn. He'd pull his right hand out of his pocket, moving it forward to repeat her own movement toward her business card as he speaks. "Well then, Ms. West, a date it is." The blond's fear of being analized had left almost as quickly as it had come and as his comment come to a close, he'd pluck the card from her hand; index finger and thumb griping the piece of stationary at either end.
Ethereal Warrhol gave a single nod of her head, a thin, fair eyebrow arched as she turned on her heel. Smoothly, her facial expression transitioned into nothing more than a sole, curious smirk having settled between the European's lips, eyes still locked on those of Tobias until she turned away from him completely. She slipped his card into a pocket of her purse's interiour, sauntering off with the confidence of her stride present as per usual.
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.[1] Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions are the primary external symptom.[2] Left untreated, leprosy can be progressive, causing permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Contrary to popular conception,[3] leprosy does not cause body parts to simply fall off, and it differs from tzaraath, the malady described in the Hebrew scriptures and previously translated into English as leprosy.[4]
Historically, leprosy has affected humanity since at least 600 BC, and was well-recognized in the civilizations of ancient China, Egypt and India.[5] In 1995, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that between two and three million people were permanently disabled because of leprosy.[6] Although the forced quarantine or segregation of patients is unnecessary—and can be considered unethical—a few leper colonies still remain around the world, in countries such as India, Japan, Egypt, and Vietnam.
The age-old social stigma associated with the advanced form of leprosy lingers in many areas, and remains a major obstacle to self-reporting and early treatment. Effective treatment for leprosy appeared in the late 1930s with the introduction of dapsone and its derivatives. However, leprosy bacilli resistant to dapsone gradually evolved and became widespread, and it was not until the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) in the early 1980s that the disease could be diagnosed and treated successfully within the community
The clinical symptoms of leprosy vary but primarily affect the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes.[7] Patients with this chronic infectious disease are classified as having paucibacillary Hansen's disease (tuberculoid leprosy), multibacillary Hansen's disease (lepromatous leprosy), or borderline leprosy.
Contrary to popular belief, Hansen's bacillus does not cause rotting of the flesh; rather, a long investigation by Paul Brand yielded that insensitivity in the limbs extremities was the reason why unfelt wounds or lesions, however minute, lead to undetected deterioration of the tissues, the lack of pain not triggering an immediate response as in a fully functioning body.[8] Recently, leprosy has also emerged as a problem in HIV patients on antiretroviral drugs.[9]
Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy.[2] An intracellular, acid-fast bacterium, M. leprae is aerobic, gram-positive, and rod-shaped, and is surrounded by the waxy cell membrane coating characteristic of Mycobacterium species.[10]
Due to extensive loss of genes necessary for independent growth, M. leprae is unculturable in the laboratory, a factor which leads to difficulty in definitively identifying the organism under a strict interpretation of Koch's postulates.[11] The use of non-culture-based techniques such as molecular genetics has allowed for alternative establishment of causation.
The exact mechanism of transmission of leprosy is not known: prolonged close contact and transmission by nasal droplet have both been proposed, and, while the latter fits the pattern of disease, both remain unproven.[12] The only other animals besides humans known to contract leprosy are the armadillo, chimpanzee, sooty mangabey, and cynomolgus macaque.[13] The bacterium can also be grown in the laboratory by injection into the footpads of mice.[14] There is evidence that not all people who are infected with M. leprae develop leprosy, and genetic factors have long been thought to play a role, due to the observation of clustering of leprosy around certain families, and the failure to understand why certain individuals develop lepromatous leprosy while others develop other types of leprosy.[15] It is estimated that due to genetic factors, only 5 percent of the population is susceptible to leprosy.[16] This is mostly because the body is naturally immune to the bacteria, and those persons who do become infected are experiencing a severe allergic reaction to the disease. However, the role of genetic factors is not entirely clear in determining this clinical expression. In addition, malnutrition and prolonged exposure to infected persons may play a role in development of the overt disease.
The incubation period for the bacteria can last anywhere from two to ten years.
The most widely held belief is that the disease is transmitted by contact between infected persons and healthy persons.[17] In general, closeness of contact is related to the dose of infection, which in turn is related to the occurrence of disease. Of the various situations that promote close contact, contact within the household is the only one that is easily identified, although the actual incidence among contacts and the relative risk for them appear to vary considerably in different studies. In incidence studies, infection rates for contacts of lepromatous leprosy have varied from 6.2 per 1000 per year in Cebu, Philippines[18] to 55.8 per 1000 per year in a part of Southern India.[19]
Two exit routes of M. leprae from the human body often described are the skin and the nasal mucosa, although their relative importance is not clear. It is true that lepromatous cases show large numbers of organisms deep down in the dermis. However, whether they reach the skin surface in sufficient numbers is doubtful. Although there are reports of acid-fast bacilli being found in the desquamating epithelium of the skin, Weddell et al have reported that they could not find any acid-fast bacilli in the epidermis, even after examining a very large number of specimens from patients and contacts.[20] In a recent study, Job et al found fairly large numbers of M. leprae in the superficial keratin layer of the skin of lepromatous leprosy patients, suggesting that the organism could exit along with the sebaceous secretions.[21]
The importance of the nasal mucosa was recognized as early as 1898 by Schäffer, particularly that of the ulcerated mucosa. [22] The quantity of bacilli from nasal mucosal lesions in lepromatous leprosy was demonstrated by Shepard as large, with counts ranging from 10,000 to 10,000,000.[23] Pedley reported that the majority of lepromatous patients showed leprosy bacilli in their nasal secretions as collected through blowing the nose.[24] Davey and Rees indicated that nasal secretions from lepromatous patients could yield as much as 10 million viable organisms per day.[25]
The entry route of M. leprae into the human body is also not definitely known. The two seriously considered are the skin and the upper respiratory tract. While older research dealt with the skin route, recent research has increasingly favored the respiratory route. Rees and McDougall succeeded in the experimental transmission of leprosy through aerosols containing M. leprae in immune-suppressed mice, suggesting a similar possibility in humans.[26] Successful results have also been reported on experiments with nude mice when M. leprae were introduced into the nasal cavity by topical application. [27] In summary, entry through the respiratory route appears the most probable route, although other routes, particularly broken skin, cannot be ruled out. The CDC notes the following assertion about the transmission of the disease: "Although the mode of transmission of Hansen's disease remains uncertain, most investigators think that M. leprae is usually spread from person to person in respiratory droplets."[28]
In leprosy both the reference points for measuring the incubation period and the times of infection and onset of disease are difficult to define; the former because of the lack of adequate immunological tools and the latter because of the disease's slow onset. Even so, several investigators have attempted to measure the incubation period for leprosy. The minimum incubation period reported is as short as a few weeks and this is based on the very occasional occurrence of leprosy among young infants. [29] The maximum incubation period reported is as long as 30 years, or over, as observed among war veterans known to have been exposed for short periods in endemic areas but otherwise living in non-endemic areas. It is generally agreed that the average incubation period is between 3 to 5 years.
[edit] Treatment
MDT patient packs and blistersUntil the development of dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine in the 1940s, there was no effective cure for leprosy. However, dapsone is only weakly bactericidal against M. leprae and it was considered necessary for patients to take the drug indefinitely. Moreover, when dapsone was used alone, the M. leprae population quickly evolved antibiotic resistance; by the 1960s, the world's only known anti-leprosy drug became virtually useless.
The search for more effective anti-leprosy drugs than dapsone led to the use of clofazimine and rifampicin in the 1960s and 1970s.[30] Later, Indian scientist Shantaram Yawalkar and his colleagues formulated a combined therapy using rifampicin and dapsone, intended to mitigate bacterial resistance.[31] Multidrug therapy (MDT) and combining all three drugs was first recommended by a WHO Expert Committee in 1981. These three anti-leprosy drugs are still used in the standard MDT regimens. None of them is used alone because of the risk of developing resistance.
Because this treatment is quite expensive, it was not quickly adopted in most endemic countries. In 1985 leprosy was still considered a public health problem in 122 countries. The 44th World Health Assembly (WHA), held in Geneva in 1991 passed a resolution to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem by the year 2000 — defined as reducing the global prevalence of the disease to less than 1 case per 100,000. At the Assembly, the World Health Organization (WHO) was given the mandate to develop an elimination strategy by its member states, based on increasing the geographical coverage of MDT and patients’ accessibility to the treatment.
The WHO Study Group's report on the Chemotherapy of Leprosy in 1993 recommended two types of standard MDT regimen be adopted.[32] The first was a 24-month treatment for multibacillary (MB or lepromatous) cases using rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone. The second was a six-month treatment for paucibacillary (PB or tuberculoid) cases, using rifampicin and dapsone. At the First International Conference on the Elimination of Leprosy as a Public Health Problem, held in Hanoi the next year, the global strategy was endorsed and funds provided to WHO for the procurement and supply of MDT to all endemic countries.
MDT anti-leprosy drugs: standard regimensBetween 1995 and 1999, WHO, with the aid of the Nippon Foundation (Chairman Yōhei Sasakawa, World Health Organization Goodwill Ambassador for Leprosy Elimination), supplied all endemic countries with free MDT in blister packs, channelled through Ministries of Health. This free provision was extended in 2000 with a donation by the MDT manufacturer Novartis, which will run until at least the end of 2010. At the national level, non-government organizations (NGOs) affiliated to the national programme will continue to be provided with an appropriate free supply of this WHO supplied MDT by the government.
MDT remains highly effective and patients are no longer infectious after the first monthly dose.[5] It is safe and easy to use under field conditions due to its presentation in calendar blister packs.[5] Relapse rates remain low, and there is no known resistance to the combined drugs.[5] The Seventh WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy, [33] reporting in 1997, concluded that the MB duration of treatment—then standing at 24 months—could safely be shortened to 12 months "without significantly compromising its efficacy."
Persistent obstacles to the elimination of the disease include improving detection, educating patients and the population about its cause, and fighting social taboos about a disease for which patients have historically been considered "unclean" or "cursed by God" as outcasts. Where taboos are strong, patients may be forced to hide their condition (and avoid seeking treatment) to avoid discrimination. The lack of awareness about Hansen's disease can lead people to falsely believe that the disease is highly contagious and incurable.
The ALERT hospital and research facility in Ethiopia provides training to medical personnel from around the world in the treatment of leprosy, as well as treating many local patients. Surgical techniques, such as for the restoration of control of movement of thumbs, have been developed there.
[edit] Prevention
A single dose of rifampicin is able to reduce the rate of leprosy in contacts by 57% to 75%.[34][35]
BCG is able to offer a variable amount of protection against leprosy as well as against tuberculosis.[36][37]
[edit] Epidemiology
World distribution of leprosy, 2003.Worldwide, two to three million people are estimated to be permanently disabled because of Hansen's disease.[6] India has the greatest number of cases, with Brazil second and Myanmar third.
In 1999, the world incidence of Hansen's disease was estimated to be 640,000; in 2000, 738,284 cases were identified. In 1999, 108 cases occurred in the United States. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed 91 countries in which Hansen's disease is endemic. India, Myanmar and Nepal contained 70% of cases. In 2002, 763,917 new cases were detected worldwide, and in that year the WHO listed Brazil, Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania and Nepal as having 90% of Hansen's disease cases.
According to recent figures from the WHO, new cases detected worldwide have decreased by approximately 107,000 cases (or 21%) from 2003 to 2004. This decreasing trend has been consistent for the past three years. In addition, the global registered prevalence of HD was 286,063 cases; 407,791 new cases were detected during 2004.
Hansen's disease is tracked by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its prevalence in the United States is believed to be rising and underreported.[38] Although the number of cases worldwide continues to fall, pockets of high prevalence continue in certain areas such as Brazil, South Asia (India, Nepal), some parts of Africa (Tanzania, Madagascar, Mozambique) and the western Pacific.
[edit] Risk groups
At highest risk are those living in endemic areas with poor conditions such as inadequate bedding, contaminated water and insufficient diet, or other diseases (such as HIV) that compromise immune function. Recent research suggests that there is a defect in cell-mediated immunity that causes susceptibility to the disease. Less than ten percent of the world's population is actually capable of acquiring the disease[citation needed]. The region of DNA responsible for this variability is also involved in Parkinson's disease, giving rise to current speculation that the two disorders may be linked in some way at the biochemical level. In addition, men are twice as likely to contract leprosy as women.
[edit] Disease burden
Although annual incidence—the number of new leprosy cases occurring each year—is important as a measure of transmission, it is difficult to measure in leprosy due to its long incubation period, delays in diagnosis after onset of the disease and the lack of laboratory tools to detect leprosy in its very early stages.
Instead, the registered prevalence is used. Registered prevalence is a useful proxy indicator of the disease burden as it reflects the number of active leprosy cases diagnosed with the disease and retrieving treatment with MDT at a given point in time. The prevalence rate is defined as the number of cases registered for MDT treatment among the population in which the cases have occurred, again at a given point in time.[39]
New case detection is another indicator of the disease that is usually reported by countries on an annual basis. It includes cases diagnosed with onset of disease in the year in question (true incidence) and a large proportion of cases with onset in previous years (termed a backlog prevalence of undetected cases). The new case detection rate (NCDR) is defined by the number of newly detected cases, previously untreated, during a year divided by the population in which the cases have occurred.
Endemic countries also report the number of new cases with established disabilities at the time of detection, as an indicator of the backlog prevalence. However, determination of the time of onset of the disease is generally unreliable, is very labour-intensive and is seldom done in recording these
There is some confusion over classification because the WHO replaced an older, more complicated classification system with a simpler system that identifies two subtypes of leprosy - paucibacillary and multibacillary. The older system included six categories: Indeterminate Leprosy, Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy, Midborderline Leprosy, Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy, Lepromatous Leprosy, and Tuberculoid Leprosy.
Paucibacillary leprosy encompasses indeterminate, tuberculoid, and borderline tuberculoid leprosy. It is characterized by one or more hypopigmented skin macules and anaesthetic patches, i.e., damaged peripheral nerves that have been attacked by the human host's immune cells.
Multibacillary leprosy includes midborderline, borderline lepromatous, and lepromatous leprosy. It is associated with symmetric skin lesions, nodules, plaques, thickened dermis, and frequent involvement of the nasal mucosa resulting in nasal congestion and epistaxis (nose bleeds) but typically detectable nerve damage is late.
Borderline leprosy is of intermediate severity and is the most common form. Skin lesions resemble tuberculoid leprosy but are more numerous and irregular; large patches may affect a whole limb, and peripheral nerve involvement with weakness and loss of sensation is common. This type is unstable and may become more like lepromatous leprosy or may undergo a reversal reaction, becoming more like the tuberculoid form.
Another peripheral interest of mine is / was British built lorries. Like enjoyment of most products of UK heavy engineering, this offshoot of the hobby would prove to be a dead end street. One place where there is still enough to occupy is Malta. For me, the previous generation of lorry such as the AEC era on the island was my principal draw, but as that ended ERF seemed to become the vehicle of choice. A noble marque in it's own right, but now giving way even here to ubiquitous continental type imports that have all but ousted the type at home.
The Abela Bros. E Series artic DHQ 044 is seen travelling between the ferry port of Cirkewwa and Mellieha bay with Gozo in the background, last December.
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
Benzene modelled with paper.
The benzene ring in nature is a regular hexagon with bonds that are shorter and stronger than the six peripheral (single) bonds. The length and strength of these bonds is between that of a traditional single and double bond. The structure was a surprise to say the least. A simple Lewis diagram fails and the bonding is described with distributed molecular orbitals with a "ring" of increased negative charge density above and below a ring of carbon-carbon sigma bonds. Not possible to model with tetrahedra without approximation and imagination.
This model is on average a flat regular hexagon, and the hydrogens form a peripheral ring. There is a hint of negative charge density above and below the ring (the sharp black points) that indicate in terms of our model that no further bonding is possible. The molecule is stable and relatively compact. This was my first set of nets for this structure. Graphically. I like the result. There is no bond strain, and the bare carbon rings can be compiled seamlessly into the almost infinite sheet of hexagonal rings of the graphene structure. A more elaborate set of nets now makes perhaps a better job of the flat hexagonal ring but takes longer to make. See the link to the album below for images.
Benzene rings are found in all aromatic hydrocarbons and in things like polystyrene, DDT and TNT. Naked rings stack horizontally with snub points flat against each other to make the graphene structure.
To view in 3D cross your eyes so that you are seeing three blurred images in a line. Pay attention to the middle image and wait for your brain to refocus your eyes on the monitor. When that happens you will have locked on to the 3D image of models floating in space. The cross view effect in 3D is extreme and works well even on a phone.
For more in the series go here ... www.flickr.com/photos/jacobs_ian/sets/72157639573537614/
Project photo journal in a Moleskine notebook, this is to shoot photos of all the things that attract my attention, is made with small 35mm cameras, except for a photograph made with reflex camera, that most have been shot with a 35mm compact cameras.
Rollei 35 S
St Martin’s Church in Zillis, Canton Graubünden, CH
The earliest preserved, figuratively painted wooden ceiling in Europe can be seen above the nave of St Martin's Church in Zillis. Today only three other painted ceilings from the Middle Ages remain: they are located in Hildesheim (St Michael's), in Peterborough Cathedral and in Dadesjo (Sweden). The Swedish church in Sodra Rada was destroyed by fire in 2001.
The ceiling paintings in Zillis demonstrate such a rich variety of form and contents as is only found in great works of art.
And so today the ceiling serves to illustrate the Gospel, Sunday for Sunday, from spring to autumn. In winter the parishioners do without heating in the church for the sake of the paintings and hold their services in the parish hall. Only funeral services and the school Christmas celebrations on Christmas Eve take place in the moderately heated church during the cold season.
St Martin's Church is situated below the historic centre of Zillis. At first, the church possibly stood directly above the wide bed of the Hinterrhein River. Zillis is one of the two settlements nestling at the bottom of the Schams Valley (Romansh: Val Schons), an inner-Alpine valley basin, through which a route has traversed the Alps at least since the Roman era. It used to link Bregenz with Milan, Lake Constance with Lakes Como and Maggiore. The Schams is the secondhighest section of the Hinterrhein Valley. It lies directly south of the Viamala Gorge, which on the northern side of the Alpine ridge represented the main obstacle on the route from Chur over the Splugen Pass to Chiavenna, resp. over the San Bernardino Pass to Bellinzona and Locarno. Throughout all the centuries Zillis occupied a very peripheral position on the inner border of the Alps, but was always on a route connecting the major settlements flanking the Alpine ridge.
THE PAINTED CEILING
THE CONCEPT OF THE PAINTED CEILING
The Zillis ceiling comprises 153 painted panels. They are slotted into longitudinal battens, which until 1938 were attached to the ceiling beams by long nails. Cross-battens are inserted between the painted panels as a connecting link, forming a regular grid. Doubled longitudinal and cross-battens accentuate the junctions of the grid, creating the shape of the cross.
The ceiling is enhanced by a meander frieze which was created at the same time; the greater part of the frieze was restored in 1938-1940. In the frieze we see female busts, representing the Classical sybils, whose prophesies were taken fro(ll late Antiquity onwards as a reference to the Advent of Christ.
The 153 panels are arranged as on a medieval map of the world. There is a border representing the ocean surrounding the Continent, on which the Life of Christ and the legend of St Martin are portrayed.
The border
At the edges of the ceiling, resp. on the borders of the world, swim mythical fish-tailed creatures; there are even some manned boats and music-making sirens on a continuous band of wavy lines, which represent the sea in a simplified and abstract form. Only the angels sounding their horns in the corners, marked as the south wind Auster and the north wind Aquilo, stand on firm land.
The inner cycle
On the interior fields, i.e. the Continent, the Life of Christ is depicted on 98 panels. One half describes Christ's childhood and youth, the other half recounts his miracles, his teaching and Passion. The individual scenes frequently continue over several successive panels. Each half has seven rows with seven panels. The last row of the interior panels is dedicated to the church patron St Martin.
The choir is the best place from which to view the first half of the cycle portraying the Life of Christ. Since the 1940 rearrangement the visitor has been able to «read» the pictures like a text from this vantage point, in rows running from left to right. The cycle begins with a gallery of Christ's ancestors, the Kings of the Old Testament, and the personifications of Synagogue and Ecclesia. The story of Christ's Life begins with the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, followed by Joseph's Dream, the Visitation and the four panels on the Nativity.
15 panels describe the Journey of the Three Magi. This is followed by the Purification and the the Presentation of the Infant Jesus in the Temple, the Flight into Egypt and the Massacre of the Innocents in Bethlehem, the Miracle of the Clay Pigeons, the 72-year-old Jesus in the Temple and the Sermons of St John the Baptist.
The second part of the Christological cycle begins with the Baptism of Christ and the Temptation by the Devil. These are followed by cases of miraculous Healings: in addition to the Wedding Feast in Cana and the Raising of Lazarus, we see the Healing of physically and mentally sick persons. The mentally disturbed were considered to be possessed by demons. After the miracles follow the Teachings of Jesus, the Transfiguration on Mount Tabor, the Entry into Jerusalem and the Expulsion of the Moneychangers from the Temple, the Last Supper, the MOunt of Olives, the Betrayal by Judas, Christ before Pilate, the Mocking of Christ and the Crowning with Thorns.
The cycle then breaks off. There is no consensus among researchers on whether this was, in fact, the original end of the cycle or if the Crucifixion and the Rising from the Dead were formerly depicted on the north wall of the nave or in the former Romanesque choir.
The last seven panels of the interior fields describe episodes from the life of St Martin, commencing with the Sharing of the Cloak, probably the best-known element of the legend. This is followed by the Consecration and the Miracle of the Raising from the Dead. The conclusion comprises three panels on St Martin's Encounter with a King who pretended to be Jesus but turned out to be the Devil.
As mentioned above, the panels were rearranged on the ceiling in 1940, the 1938 sequence having been described by experts as «absurd» und «unsystematic». An attempt to reconstruct the original order, based on the sequence of the pictures before 1938, gives the following results: the panels were arranged to be read by following the rows in an S-shaped order. In the centre of the ceiling there was the depiction of Christ's Baptism; in front of this, the scenes with St John the Baptist; behind, the four panels on the Temptation of Christ by the Devil.
During the Reformation the sequence of the panels was probably altered. In the cycle depicting the Life of St Martin, the consecration scene was removed from the central axis. The sermons of St John the Baptist and the Temptation of Christ by the Devil disappeared from the central row and were replaced by the cases of miraculous healing and depictions of Christ's teachings. From the 16th century until 1938 the Expulsion of the Moneychangers from the Temple, as a symbol of one of the Reformation's main tenets, was set in the centre of the ceiling replacing Christ's Baptism.
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
June 2016: Work on the Kingswells junction of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route AWPR / Aberdeen Bypass
A hand drawn sketch by Dr. Christensen from the University of Michigan Medical School for the laboratory sessions he conducted in the Medical Histology Course for first year medical students. The drawings were done with felt markers on a white board in the lab during the morning of the day a particular topic was being studied in the course. When the laboratory session began, the drawings were briefly discussed, and they could be seen by the students throughout the laboratory period.
Download the entire collection by visiting openmi.ch/HistologyDrawings.
Learn more about Dr. Christensen by visiting www-personal.umich.edu/~akc/
Image courtesy of Dr. A. Kent Christensen under a Creative Commons license: BY-SA
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
AWPR (Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route) work ongoing at Kingswells South junction at A944 near Westhill
ABOUT ME:
a) I've got double digit peripheral vision.
b) My skin has been compared to that of a baby dolphin.
c) I'm in a music act called Adult Film Stars.
d) My power is beyond your understanding.
e) I've got one foot in the grave and one on a banana pill.
f) I really enjoy trees.
g) I'm a co-founder of PRO SMOKERS TOUR.
h) I'm good at nuetralizing bad situations. It's a gift.
i) I can {F} but I can't {L}....so I've been told.
j) it's a gift.
k) I would love to lay Juliette Lewis and Drew Barrymore.
l) When I was a teenager I jacked off a lot.
m) I didn't have sex for one year and a half once.
n) I gotta love kissing a woman for me to perform sexually.
o) I regret not having sex with Vanessa.
p) I've sold marijuana occasionally if I really "needed" the money.
q) I still love all my ex-girlfriends.
r) For the most part I delivered a baby once.
s) I was born in Heidelberg, Germany.
t) The first time I performed cunnilingus I was 17. LOVED IT!!
u) Rockn a live show is pretty cool too.
v) I know I'm the one to do what needs to be done.
w) I was invited to a Bukkake Party 3 years ago. I didn't go.
x) Women seem to like me a lot. I like them too.
y) Lately I've found slightly chubby chicks really fn hot.
z) I'm that guy who said, "just put ur {D} in the wind".
CONTACTS:
www.facebook.com/danieldayzuko
www.facebook.com/ProSmokersAssociation
Here we are on the peripherals of the Concours d'Elegance, and Bob and Matt are taking a test drive in the Jaguar XJ. This was a classic XK at their display. The video is available at www.sweetingmedia.com, and www.youtube.com/powerbrakeservice#p/u/5/rztGfndOtIg. The ride was smooth, the power was definitely there, and the interior was... well it was very nice! Personally I would go for the XK, because I'm not into the back of the roofline on the XJ, but I have nothing else bad to say about it.
Sponsored by Power Brake Service - Changing the perception of brakes from pads and rotors to rocket science since 1950. Performance Hydro-Boost™ & AIRMASTER™ Brake Systems www.powerbrakeservice.net
About Power Brake Service:
We build and Rebuild endless varieties of new and classic brakes for every type of vehicle and trailer. The company was started by George Sweeting in 1950 who worked for the railroads and Lockhead, it is now run by his son Bob Sweeting who learned about modifying cars while drag racing in the 60's, and Bob's son Matt Sweeting (who grew up in all of this) is taking over more and more responsibilities. We were a Warehouse Distributor for Bendix for 20 years until they sold they sold their Power Brake Division to Bosch, which is when we became a special modification contractor with Bosch for their power brakes - which come on most new American vehicles. Our ability to design brake systems, rather than just replace rotors and pads, has taken us to amazing places and we have worked on amazing projects. We have:
Hydro-Boost Conversions
Vacuum Brake - Conversions, Upgrades, and Modifications
Wilwood and Brembo Disc Brake Kits
Master Cylinders
Stainless Braided Hoses
Classic Car / Muscle Car Stock Brake Restoration and Rebuilding (Corvette, Camaro, Chevelle, Mustang, Ford & GM Truck, Mopar, Rolls Royce)
Light Truck / Medium Truck Hydro-Boost Replacement Parts and Conversions
Medium Truck / Heavy Truck Hydro-Max, Air brake, and Air-hydraulic systems - and Hydro-Max Conversions for the obsolete Delco Hypower
Conversions for the obsolete Buick Grand National, T-bird SC, Land Rover, Jeep and all other electric brake booster / electric powermasters
Modified brakes for Altered Bed Fleet Vehicles
Modified sensitivity for the Handicaped
Disc/Drum and Disc/Disc Proportioning Valves
We have worked on everything from propane powered trams to roller coasters, cranes, parade floats, multi engine street rods, classic european cars, double decker buses, and a Freightliner racing truck. Our favorite is working on big engine muscle cars that make too little vacuum and need more stopping power.
I spent all of today playing with the gang, and only later, after dinner, did I realize that I hadn't taken a picture yet. As I usually do when this happens, I ran immediately to Boppy. Also as usual, he had an idea, and before I knew it, he was dragging me outside, lugging a camera and tripod.
I'm not sure exactly what he meant with this picture, but he thinks it's a "particularly striking and singularly inspiring piece of art." And, as usual, the title is his.
Abstract based on photo detail that has been changed many times over on an iPad Air with ArtistaOil HD, Procreate, PhotoWizard, and Brushstroke.
I had to re-attach an unmodified wifi dongle, antenna, and cameras. The cameras I stuck on with foam tape in a mostly out-of-the-way spot that wouldn't bend the cable in bad ways.
This photo also shows the modified SD/MMC reader attached to the DSi's NAND flash.
Oh, and the DSi still (again?) works. Here it is running the web browser. Yay.
None of them are pretty, but all are durable and ergonomic.
The Logitech Trackman Marble Mouse has enough inertia to go from one end of a 4-display Synergy set-up to the other with one swipe.
The Alphasmart Dana is word processor that runs PalmOS 4 and acts as a USB keyboard or can send a whole document into my computer as key-strokes with the touch of the 'send' key. It has nice keys and I can draft things away from my desk.
The Canon DK 1000i II is a heavy desktop calculator that can send results to my computer or become a USB 10-key pad with the touch of a button. It has solid keys, a 00 key and even a B.S. Key! It is solar and battery powered and can calculate away from my desk. It also has a scroll-wheel which the Trackman lacks.
They all conceal into my keyboard "pencil" drawer when not used, so their looks aren't an issue.
Found this mouse at the local Micro Center. It's "dishwasher safe," wireless and has the Good Housekeeping seal.
What more could you want?
More manufacturers should follow this company's lead.
Microscopic photo of peripheral blood smear showing circulating myeloblasts with lobated/indented nuclei and occasional cytoplasmic Auer rods (Green arrow). Wright Giemsa stain. Original objective magnification 100x oil. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
The great gate (darwaza-i rauza) that leads from the north of the jilaukhana to the garden, and ultimately to the mausoleum of Mumtaz Mahal, is a large structure with triadic openings. Looking at the south elevation, the base of the gate measures nearly 38 meters and its peripheral walls, including the cupolas, are 30 meters in height. The central pishtaq, also including the cupolas, is 33 meters in height and 19 meters wide. The gate is composed of red sandstone with decorative panels and accents in white marble. The surface treatment of the pishtaqs is elaborate: it is framed in white marble and inlaid with precious stones. Its central arch is delineated by a triple rope moulding and surrounded by a frame containing the Daybreak Sura (Sura al-Fajr) in thuluth script. The entry iwan contains muqarnas in red sandstone, which contrast with the white plaster paint outlining each segment. (The northern elevation of the gate is identical to the southern one; the lower left corner of its framed inscription also contains the signature of the calligrapher, Amanat Khan). Topping the central pishtaq is a series of eleven arches in red sandstone, capped by a chajja; eleven white marble chhatris crown the chajja. A single column rises from the pishtaq to complete each end of the arcade; this column terminates in a finial above the chhatris. This same column runs in engaged form along the height of the pishtaq itself.
Taj Mahal, the pinnacle of Mughal architecture, was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658), grandson of Akbar the great, in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled ‘Mumtaz Mahal’. Mumtaz Mahal was a niece of empress Nur Jahan and granddaughter of Mirza Ghias Beg I’timad-ud-Daula, wazir of emperor Jehangir. She was born in 1593 and died in 1631, during the birth of her fourteenth child at Burhanpur. Her mortal remains were temporarily buried in the Zainabad garden. Six months later, her body was transferred to Agra to be finally enshrined in the crypt of the main tomb of the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the mausoleum of both Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan.
The mausoleum is located on the right bank of the river Yamuna at a point where it takes a sharp turn and flows eastwards. Originally, the land where the Taj Mahal presently stands belonged to the Kachhwahas of Ajmer (Rajasthan). The land was acquired from them in lieu of four havelis as is testified by a court historian, Abdul Hamid Lahauri, in his work titled the Badshah-Namah and the firmans (royal decrees). For construction, a network of wells was laid along the river line to support the huge mausoleum buildings. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran. While bricks for internal constructions were locally prepared, white marble for external use in veneering work was obtained from Makrana in Rajasthan. Semi-precious stones for inlay ornamentation were brought from distant regions of India, Ceylon and Afghanistan. Red sandstone of different tints was requisitioned from the neighbouring quarries of Sikri, Dholpur, etc. It took 17 years for the monument complex to be completed in 1648.
In all, the Taj Mahal covers an area of 60 bighas, as the terrain gradually sloped from south to north, towards the river, in the form of descending terraces. At the southern point is the forecourt with the main gate in front and tombs of Akbarabadi Begum and Fatehpuri Begum, two other queens of Shah Jahan, on its south-east and south-west corners respectively called Saheli Burj 1 and 2.
On the second terrace is a spacious square garden, with side pavilions. It is divided into four quarters by broad shallow canals of water, with wide walkways and cypress avenues on the sides. The water channels and fountains are fed by overhead water tanks. These four quarters are further divided into the smaller quarters by broad causeways, so that the whole scheme is in a perfect char-bagh.
The main tomb of the Taj is basically square with chamfered corners. The minarets here are detached, facing the chamfered angles (corners) of the main tomb on the main plinth. Red sandstone mosque on the western, and Mehman-Khana on the eastern side of the tomb provides aesthetically a clear colour contrast.
The Taj has some wonderful specimens of polychrome inlay art both in the interior and exterior on the dados, on cenotaphs and on the marble jhajjhari (jali-screen) around them.
The great gate (darwaza-i rauza) that leads from the north of the jilaukhana to the garden, and ultimately to the mausoleum of Mumtaz Mahal, is a large structure with triadic openings. Looking at the south elevation, the base of the gate measures nearly 38 meters and its peripheral walls, including the cupolas, are 30 meters in height. The central pishtaq, also including the cupolas, is 33 meters in height and 19 meters wide. The gate is composed of red sandstone with decorative panels and accents in white marble. The surface treatment of the pishtaqs is elaborate: it is framed in white marble and inlaid with precious stones. Its central arch is delineated by a triple rope moulding and surrounded by a frame containing the Daybreak Sura (Sura al-Fajr) in thuluth script. The entry iwan contains muqarnas in red sandstone, which contrast with the white plaster paint outlining each segment. (The northern elevation of the gate is identical to the southern one; the lower left corner of its framed inscription also contains the signature of the calligrapher, Amanat Khan). Topping the central pishtaq is a series of eleven arches in red sandstone, capped by a chajja; eleven white marble chhatris crown the chajja. A single column rises from the pishtaq to complete each end of the arcade; this column terminates in a finial above the chhatris. This same column runs in engaged form along the height of the pishtaq itself.
Taj Mahal, the pinnacle of Mughal architecture, was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658), grandson of Akbar the great, in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled ‘Mumtaz Mahal’. Mumtaz Mahal was a niece of empress Nur Jahan and granddaughter of Mirza Ghias Beg I’timad-ud-Daula, wazir of emperor Jehangir. She was born in 1593 and died in 1631, during the birth of her fourteenth child at Burhanpur. Her mortal remains were temporarily buried in the Zainabad garden. Six months later, her body was transferred to Agra to be finally enshrined in the crypt of the main tomb of the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the mausoleum of both Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan.
The mausoleum is located on the right bank of the river Yamuna at a point where it takes a sharp turn and flows eastwards. Originally, the land where the Taj Mahal presently stands belonged to the Kachhwahas of Ajmer (Rajasthan). The land was acquired from them in lieu of four havelis as is testified by a court historian, Abdul Hamid Lahauri, in his work titled the Badshah-Namah and the firmans (royal decrees). For construction, a network of wells was laid along the river line to support the huge mausoleum buildings. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran. While bricks for internal constructions were locally prepared, white marble for external use in veneering work was obtained from Makrana in Rajasthan. Semi-precious stones for inlay ornamentation were brought from distant regions of India, Ceylon and Afghanistan. Red sandstone of different tints was requisitioned from the neighbouring quarries of Sikri, Dholpur, etc. It took 17 years for the monument complex to be completed in 1648.
In all, the Taj Mahal covers an area of 60 bighas, as the terrain gradually sloped from south to north, towards the river, in the form of descending terraces. At the southern point is the forecourt with the main gate in front and tombs of Akbarabadi Begum and Fatehpuri Begum, two other queens of Shah Jahan, on its south-east and south-west corners respectively called Saheli Burj 1 and 2.
On the second terrace is a spacious square garden, with side pavilions. It is divided into four quarters by broad shallow canals of water, with wide walkways and cypress avenues on the sides. The water channels and fountains are fed by overhead water tanks. These four quarters are further divided into the smaller quarters by broad causeways, so that the whole scheme is in a perfect char-bagh.
The main tomb of the Taj is basically square with chamfered corners. The minarets here are detached, facing the chamfered angles (corners) of the main tomb on the main plinth. Red sandstone mosque on the western, and Mehman-Khana on the eastern side of the tomb provides aesthetically a clear colour contrast.
The Taj has some wonderful specimens of polychrome inlay art both in the interior and exterior on the dados, on cenotaphs and on the marble jhajjhari (jali-screen) around them.
Microscopic photo showing cross section of posterior tibial artery with circumferential medial calcifications, foci of ossification and 75 % of luminal stenosis. H & E stain. 10X Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Peripheral lepidic growth as seen in the right third of this image is a common finding in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
See also here
Note that some zoom lens, GANREF don't have exact 17mm data, so I pick 18mm.
Bodies?
They said 5D2 has been used to measure the lens of the Canon and Sigma. D700 for Nikon, respectively.
What does DxO stand for? How can you compare different body?
DxO labs explain here.
GANREF pages
- EF 17-40mm f/4L USM (@17mm) 750 USD
- EF 16-35mm f/2.8L II USM (@18mm) 1,499 USD
- EF 14mm f/2.8L II USM 2,149 USD
- TS-E 17mm f/4L 2,499 USD
- AF-S NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G ED (@18mm) 1,829.95 USD
- Ai AF-S Zoom-Nikkor ED 17-35mm f/2.8D(IF) (@17mm) 1,764.95 USD
- Ai AF Nikkor ED 14mm f/2.8D 1,764.95 USD
- 12-24mm F4.5-5.6 EX DG ASPHERICAL/HSM (@18mm) 859 USD
How to see Ganref's chart:
Green line: center
Red line: average center
Orange line: average peripheral
Blue line: average whole surface
I am using Blue one.
If you have any requests, please comment here.
My peripheral vision is switched on the to the max when walking the streets. Visual curiosity is what every photographer needs to hone and develop to a point where your eyes are like a radar tuned in to the smallest and biggest details all at once.
No mistaking this vehicle, even when there's just a sliver of it poking out of a garage in a narrow sidestreet.
In fact, I'm pretty sure that this is the same VW that functions as a mobile cafe and which is often seen parked up in Jiyugaoka.
Nikon D700
Nikkor 20mm f/3.5 AiS
High Contrast monochrome picture control for the Nikon.
More shots from this walk online here: