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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 9, Nos. 1-4, 1915

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1915

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE v

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Shock, anoci-association and anesthesia.

By Surg. A. M. Fauntleroy 1

The proposed personnel, organization, and equipment of a hospital ship

By Surg. E. M. Blackwell and Chief Pharm. O. G. Ruge 28

The application of Wassermann's reaction to the SOLUTION OF THE

ETIOLOGY OF TROPICAL ULCERATIONS.

By Surg. C. S. Butler 51

Some theories as to the origin of Jackson's veil.

By Asst. Surg. J. M. Lynch, M. R. C 62

A RESUME OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS CONCERNED IN YELLOW FEVER.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 65

Some observations on the examination of recruits.

By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J. S. McMullin 70

Experience of a surgeon during the occupation of Vera Cruz.

By Asst. Surg. G. T. Vaughan, M. R. C 75

Experiences with marine expeditionary force in Mexico.

By Asst. Surg. R. M. Little, M. R. C 76

Treatment of chronic posterior urethritis.

By Medical Inspector G. T. Smith 80

A NEW METHOD OF EXAMINING STOOLS FOR EGGS.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. M. Fauntleroy, Public Health Service, and Passed

Asst. Surg. R. Hayden 81

An account of the yellow fever which prevailed on board the United

States Ship Jamestown in 1866-67 at Panama.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. M. Kerr 82

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 111

Additions to the helmintholoqical collection 111

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

A card index of specific cases.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. B. Henry 113

The otoscope as an anterior urethroscope.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. G. Steadman, jr 114

CLINICAL NOTES:

Advance report concerning heliotherapy and ionic medication as employed

at Las Animas, Colo.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. J. Holeman 119

Compound comminuted fracture of skull.

By Passed Asst. Surg. T. W. Raison 120

A case of reamputation of the leg.

By Surg. R. Spear 122

Tenoplasty for contracture of hamstring tendons.

By Surg. R. R. Richardson 123

Neosalvarsan and mercury in unilateral luetic palsy of abducens.

By Asst. Surg. S. Walker, M. R. C 124

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

Southern Medical Association 127

The William A. Herndon Scholarships, University of Virginia 127

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —-The diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis. The duration

of infection in scarlet fevor. By L. W. Johnson. Diphtheria mortality with and

without the use of antitoxin. By W. E. Eaton.

Observations on the Wassermann reaction. By R. Sheehan 129

Mental and nervous diseases. —The role of hypnotics in mental disease

with indications for their selection and employment. Hereditary ataxia. Psychic

disturbances of dengue. By R. Sheehan 133

Surgery.— Medical arrangements of the British Expeditionary Force. The

home hospitals and the war. The wounded in the war; some surgical lessons. By

L. W. Johnson. The significance of the Jackson veil.

The fate of transplanted bone and the regenerative power of its various

constituents. A plea for the immediate operation of fractures. By A. M.

Fauntleroy and E. II. H. Old 140

Hygiene and sanitation. —Study of a swimming pool with a return purification

system. The period of incubation of diphtheria cultures. Subsistence on board

battleships. The chemical disinfection of water.

Sterilization of water supplies for troops on active service. The

Lettsomian lectures on dysentery. Antimosquito work at Panama. By C. N. Fiske

and R. C. Ransdell 147

Tropical medicine. —Malaria and the transmission of diseases. Prevention

of malaria in the troops of our Indian empire. Researches in sprue. By E. R.

Stitt 152

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Is pellagra due to

an intestinal parasite? By C. N. Fiske. Laboratory studies on tetanus. The

cultivation of the tubercle bacillus. The bacteriology of pyorrhea alveolaris.

Experimental production of purpura in animals. By A. B. Clifford and G. F.

Clark 156

Chemistry and pharmacy.—On the influence of atmosphere, temperature, and

humidity on animal metabolism. The influence of moisture in the air on

metabolism in the body. Biochemical studies of expired air in relation to

ventilation. The absorption of protein and fat after resection of one-half of

the small intestine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge. . . 158

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Relation of arterial hypertension to subconjunctival

hemorrhage. Ocular manifestations of arteriosclerosis and their diagnostic and

prognostic significance. Salvarsan treatment and optic neuritis. Eye in

locomotor ataxia. The direct method of the intralaryngeal operation.

Inflammation of the accessary sinuses. Normal horse serum in hemorrhage from

nose and throat operations. Tonsillectomy, its indications and choice of

operation. The correction of nasal deformities by mechanical replacement and

the transplantation of bone. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 162

REPORTS:

Points of interest about the Mexican constitutionalist wounded at

Mazatlan.— By Surg. P. S. Rossiter 167

Sanitary report of marine brigade. —By Surg. D. N. Carpenter 173

Report of work at the field hospital of the marine brigade, Vera Cruz,

Mexico. —By Surg. D. N. Carpenter 177

Number 2

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The operative treatment of chronic intestinal stasis.

By Asst. Surg. W. S. Bainbridge, M. R. 0 179

Symposium on intelligence tests.

Service use of intelligence tests.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. Sheehan 194

The value of the mental test and its relation to the service.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. E. Thomas 200

Mental defectives at Naval Disciplinary Barracks, Port Royal, S. C.

By Passed Asst. Surg. H. E. Jenkins 211

Review and possibilities of mental tests in the examination of applicants

for enlistment.

By Acting Asst. Surg. A. R. Schier 222

Observations on deep diving.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. R. W. French 227

Tuberculosis.

By Surg. E. Thompson 253

Observations on seven cases of cerebrospinal fever.

By Passed Asst. Surg. D. C. Cather 259

The posterior urethra and bladder in a hundred cases of chronic gonorrhea.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. L. Clifton 265

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 271

Additions to the helminthological collection 271

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Apparatus for securing traction of lower extremities.

By Surg. H. A. Dunn 278

CLINICAL NOTES:

Leukopenia of a marked degree in a fatal case of pneumonia.

By Medical Director E. R. Stitt 275

GASTRIC CHANGES FOLLOWING GASTROENTEROSTOMY.

By Passed Asst. Surgs. H. F. Hull and O. J. Mink 275

TWO CASES OF MALARIA TREATED WITH SALVARSAN.

By Passed Asst. Surg. E. U. Reed 278

PSEUDOLEUKEMIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY OCCURRING IN TWINS.

By Asst. Surg. S. Walker, M. R. C 280,

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

George Perley Bradley, medical director, United States Navy. . . 283

A new quarterly naval medical journal 285

The Harrison law 285

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Differentiation of the diseases included under chronic

arthritis. By L. W. Johnson. The war and typhoid fever. By G. F. Clark. Use of

the Schick test in the suppression of a diphtheria outbreak. By R. Sheehan. The

present status of the treatment of advanced cardiac decompensation. The

influence of diet upon necrosis caused by hepatic and renal poisons. Syphilitic

nephritis. Is emetin sufficient to bring about a radical cure in amebiasis? A case of a

large aneurism of the arch of the aorta with use of bronchoscopy. By E. Thompson

and E. L. Woods 287

Mental and nervous diseases.—The importance of the bony sinuses accessory

to the nose in the explanation of pains in the head, face, and neck. Spinal

decompression in meningomyelitis. Fleeting attacks of manic depressive

psychosis. Epilepsy and cerebral tumor. The ductless glands and mental disease.

Acute paraplegia. By R. Sheehan 295

Surgery. —The Freiburg method of Dammerschlaf or twilight sleep. By W.

G. Steadman. Observations on the seminal vesicles. By H. W. Cole. Rubber

gloves; a technique of mending. A note upon the wounds of the present campaign.

By L. W. Johnson. The silence of renal tuberculosis. Acute hemorrhagic

pancreatitis. Preservation of the iliohypogastric nerve in operation for cure

of inguinal hernia. Aperiosteal amputation through the femur. A modified

incision for approaching the gall bladder. The occurrence of acute

emphysematous gangrene (malignant edema) in wounds received in the war. Note on

the wounds observed during three weeks' fighting in Flanders. The naval action

off Helgoland. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 299

Hygiene and sanitation. —Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health;

report of question meeting. The disinfecting properties of gaslight on air of

room. Sewage disinfection for vessels and railway coaches. The prophylaxis of

malaria with special reference to the military service. By C. N. Fiske and R.

C. Ransdell 313

Tropical medicine. —Benzol in bilharzia. By E. L. Woods. Kala-azar and

allied infections. Observations on the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides. By E. R.

Stitt 319

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The occurrence of

certain structures in the erythrocytes of guinea pigs and their relationship to

the so-called parasite of yellow fever. Observations on myeloid sarcoma with an

analysis of fifty cases. By G. F. Clark. A new and rapid method for the

isolation and cultivation of tubercle bacilli directly from the sputum and

feces. Appendicitis treated with

anticolon bacillus serum and vaccine. The retention of iron in the organs

in hemolytic anemia. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 321

Chemistry and pharmacy. —The analysis of emulsions. Notes on the estimation

of morphin and Lloyd's reagent. By P. J. Waldner. Merck's annual report of

recent advances in pharmaceutical chemistry and

therapeutics. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 326

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —The tonsils as a habitat of oral

entamebas. By O N. Fiske. Enucleation of the eye under local anasthesia. On a

modification of Siegrist's method of local anesthesia in enucleation of

the eyeball. The use of pituitary extract as a coagulant in the surgery

of the nose and throat. Value of roentgenography in diagnosis of diseases of

the larynx and trachea. The difficulties and dangers of exploratory puncture of

the antrum of Highmore. By E. J. Grow and G. B.Trible 331

REPORTS:

Extracts from annual sanitary reports. —Notes on marine recruiting. By

F. H. Brooks. Notes on recruiting. By J. B. Bostick. Economy in use of hospital

supplies. By A. R. Wentworth. Venereal prophylaxis. Examination of civil

employees. By C. N. Fiske. Industrial notes from Boston yard. By N. J.

Blackwood. Notes on tropical hygiene. By A. Stuart. Battleship ventilation. Use

of barracks during . overhaul period. By T. W. Richards. Sanitary notes from

the U. S. S. Ozark. Malarial prophylaxis. By R. W. McDowell. Sanitary notes from

the U. S. S. Virginia. By G. L. Angeny 335

The Schick Test and the use of diphtheria antitoxin.

By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J. A. McMullin 362

Number 3

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The normal heart in the Navy.

By Surg. G. F. Freeman 363

Surgical diagnosis and technic involving the appendix.

By Surg. A. M. Fauntleroy 381

Functional testing of the ear.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. B. Trible 400

A few points in diagnosis of gastric and duodenal ulcer by means of the

X-ray.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. L. Clifton 410

The damage of syphilis to the Navy.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 414

Recent conceptions of bronchial asthma.

By Asst. Surg. M. H. Sirard, M. R. C 419

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 423

Additions to the helmintholooical collection 423

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

A venereal head.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 425

A NEW MESSING SYSTEM FOR NAVAL HOSPITALS.

By Hosp. Steward F. E. Simmons 426

Messing arrangements in the U. S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia.

By Surg. H. A. Dunn and Chief Pharm. P. J. Waldner 428

Castor oil. An aseptic dressing on the field of battle.

By Asst. Surg. A. E. Gallant, M.R.C 430

CLINICAL NOTES:

A case of fracture-dislocation of spine. Laminectomy.

By Surg. R. E. Ledbetter and Asst. Surg. H. Priest 433

A CASE OF ANEURYSM OF THE LEFT POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY.

By Passed Asst. Surg. E. L. Woods 434

A CASE OF MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS. By Passed Asst. Surg. M E. Higgins

436

A POSSIBLE NEW X-RAY SIGN OF TUBERCULOSIS.

By Surg. E. Thompson and Hosp. Steward H. L. Gall 436

A CASE OF PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA (?) WITH MARKED LEUKOPENIA. By Passed

Asst. Surg. W. L. Mann, jr 438

Report of twenty-eight cases of pyorrhea alveolaris treated with emetin

hydrochlorid.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. H. Allen 440

Intravenous injection of neosalvarsan in concentrated solution.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 441

TRANSLATIONS:

Catheterization of the ejaculatory canals.

By Surg. R. A. Bachmann 443

Hospital ships.

By Pharm. S. Wierzbicki 452

First-aid stations and transportation of the wounded in naval battle.

By Med. Inspect. S. G. Evans 454

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The value of typhoid vaccines in the treatment of typhoid

fever. By L. W. Johnson. The intravenous and intramuscular administration of

diphtheria antitoxin. The noninfective causes of so-called rheumatism. Not very

well known causes of hematuria. Prodromal symptoms of gallstones. Observations

on renal functions in acute experimental unilateral nephritis. By E. Thompson

and E. L.

Woods 469

Mental and nervous diseases. —A critical study of Lange'a gold reaction

in cerebrospinal fluid. Post-operative nervous and mental disturbances. The

significance of the unconscious in psychopathology. By R. Sheehan 475

Surgery. —The role of gastroenterostomy in the treatment of ulcers. Ether-oil

colonic anesthesia. By H. W. Smith. Ununited fractures treated by long-axial

drilling of the fractured bone-ends. By E. Thompson. War surgery. The

osteogenic power of periosteum; with a note on bone transplantation. The

technic of cholecystectomy. The German use of asphyxiating gases. Transfusion

by the syringe method. The North Sea action of January 24. The best method of

treating wounds sustained in action, especially during the early period after

their infliction. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 479

Hygiene and sanitation. —The possibility of conveying typhoid fever by

clothing, contaminated food, and soiled fingers. The microbic content of indoor

and outdoor air. By E. W. Brown. Some results of the

first year's work of the New York State Commission on Ventilation. By

C. N. Eiske and E. W. Brown. Tincture of iodin and the prevention of venereal

disease. Ability of colon bacilli to survive pasteurization.

The specific gravity of the human body. Lead poisoning in the manufacture

of storage batteries. By C. N. Fiskc and R. C. Ransdell 495

Tropical medicine.—Pathology of verruga peruviana. The importance of

tertiary yaws. By C. S. Butler. The treatment of ancylostomiasis. By A. B.

Clifford. Studies in malaria. New theories and investigations

concerning pellagra. Immediate relapse in tertian malaria after energetic

salvarsan treatment. By E. R. Stitt 502

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —A study of the endamebas

of man in the Panama Canal Zone. Lipoids in immunity. The mechanism of antibody

action. The diagnosis and treatment of

parenchymatous syphilis. The bacteriology of appendicitis and its production

by intravenous injection of streptococci and colon bacilli. By G. F. Clark. On

the filterability and biology of spirochetes. A differential study of

coccidiodal granuloma and blastomycosis. Notes on the diagnosis of Asiatic

cholera at autopsy. The morphology of the adults of the filarise found in the

Philippine Islands. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 508

Chemistry and pharmacy.—Coloring of bichlorid of mercury solutions. By

L. Zembsch. An experimental study of lavage in acute carbolic acid poisoning.

By A. B. Clifford. Notes on a new alkaloid found in

nux vomica. Preliminary note on a new pharmacodynamic assay method. By

P. J. Waldnar. Estimation of urea. Estimation of urea and indirectly of

allantoin in urine by means of urease. Urea; its distribution in and

elimination from the body. Results of the hypochlorite disinfection of water

supplies. A further study of the chemical composition and nutritive value of

fish subjected to prolonged period of cold storage. By E. W. Brown and O. G.

Ruge 515

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Treatment of trachoma with carbonic acid snow.

Samoan conjunctivitis Is there a natural or acquired immunity to trachoma?

Clinical and anatomical study of a case of isolated

reflex immobility of the pupil, paralysis, tabes, and cerebrospinal syphilis

being excluded. Protection against injury of the hearing.Chronic local

infection of the nose, throat, and ear as a cause of general infection. The

sympathetic syndrome (undescribed) of sphenopalatine or nasal ganglion

neurosis. Shell explosions and the special senses. By E. J. Grow and G. B.

Trible 521

REPORTS:

Extracts from annual sanitary reports. —A review of the treatment and

results at the U. S. Naval Sanatorium for Tuberculosis at Las Animas, Colo. By

G. H. Barber. Battleship ventilation. ( Permanent detail of stretchermen. By J.

S. Taylor. Genito-urinary disease at Chelsea. By G. B. Wilson. Malarial prophylaxis. By H.

L. Smith. Sanitary notes from the U. S. S. Washington. By H. A. May. Sanitary

notes

from the U. S. S. Michigan. By J. A. Murphy. Sanitary notes from the U.

S. S. Palos. By D. C. Post. Camp sanitation. By R. I. Longabaugh 527

Lymphatic leukemia complicated by priapism. By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J.

A. McMullin 542

The seventy-first annual meeting of the American Medico-Psychological

Association. By Passed Asst. Surg. R. Sheehan 544

Number 4

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Observations upon the epidemiology of an outbreak of measles at the

Naval Training Station, Norfolk, Va.

By Surg. C. E. Riggs 647

The present status of the Hospital Corps. By Passed Asst. Surg. W. E.

Eaton , 556

The use of hospital ships in time of war.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R J. Straeten 565

Venereal disease aboard ship.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 571

Some dangers in passing the ureteral catheter to the kidney.

By Asst. Surg. B. C. Willis, M. R. C 577

Shanghai and Yangtze River hospitals.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. H. Laning 679

Some medical aspects of the upper Yangtze River country.

By Asst. Surg. D. C. Post 620

Some medical conditions in China.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. G. Davis 630

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 635

Additions to the helminthological collection 635

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

An ambulance motor boat for hospital ships.

By Surg. E. M. Blackwell 637

CLINICAL NOTES:

Unusual type of typhus on U. S. S. Monocacy. Report of case. By Asst.

Surg. W. B. Hetfield 641

Injury by dynamite explosion. By Passed Asst. Surgs. G. C. Thomas and

L. W. Johnson 643

A case of hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

By Passed Asst. Surgs. G. C. Thomas and L. W. Johnson 644

Salvarsan in the treatment of schistosomiasis. Report of case.

By Asst. Surg. D. C. Post '645

An usually severe case of urticaria.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. E. Eaton 650

Early reinfection with syphilis.

By Surg. T. W. Richards 651

A fatal cask of cecal ulceration with extensive complications.

Bv Passed Asst. Surg. W. L. Mann, jr 653

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

Scarcity and cost of medical supplies due to disturbance of European

markets 655

Bind your Bulletins 655

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The recent epidemic of smallpox in New South Wales.

By L. W. Johnson. The causes of indigestion. A study of 1,000 cases. By E. H.

H. Old. Certain physical signs referable to the diaphragm and their importance

to diagnosis. An epidemic of influenza in the Island of St. Kilda. Pollen

therapy in hay fever. Studies in bronchial glands. Mode of action and use of

emetin in endamebiasis. The treatment of eczema with special reference to the

use of vaccine and the part played by bacteria in its etiology. Report of 50

cases. Study of diseases of stomach and duodenum by X-ray. Cure and recurrence of

syphilis. By E. Thompson and E. L. Woods 667

Mental and nervous diseases.—Differential diagnosis of general paresis.

What is paranoia? The cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis and treatment. Raynaud's

syndrome. Raynaud's disease. What tests in childhood are best calculated to

throw light upon the capacities of mental defectives for future work. The

Binet-Simon method and the intelligence of adult prisoners. By R. Sheehan 669

Surgery.— Medical narrative of the arrangements of the first division

at the Battle of the Aisne. The medical aspects of modern warfare, with special

reference to the use of hospital ships. By T. W. Richards. Injuries to the bowel from shell and

bullet wounds. By L. W. Johnson. Account of six specimens of great bowel

removed by operation; observations on motor mechanism of colon. Symptomless

renal hematuria arising from tumors,

aneurysms in the renal pelvis, and early tuberculosis. The treatment of

urethral stricture by excision. Some observations on bone transplantation.

Blood transfusion by the citrate method. Disinfection of the hands and

abdominal skin before operation. Partial regeneration of bone. By H. W.Smith.

Epididymotomy for acute epididymitis as an out-patient procedure. By W. E.

Eaton. Occlusion of the pylorus. Prevalent fallacies concerning subacromial

bursitis. Its pathogenoesis

and rational operative treatment. Autogenous bone grafts versus Lane's

plates. A new procedure for the cure of chronic synovitis. Report on the

wounded in the action between the Sydney and the Emden.

By E. H. H. Old 672

Hygiene and sanitation. —Paint poisoning. By T. W. Richards. Sterilization

of water by chlorin. The prevalence of occupational factors in disease and

suggestions for their elimination. Bismuth-paste

poisoning —report of a fatal case. The making of a milk commission. Present

practice relating to city waste collection and disposal. A statistical study of

personal association as a factor in the etiology of pellagra. The influence of

age of the grandparent at the birth of the parent on the number of the children

born and their sex. By C. N. Fiske and R. O. Ransdell 694

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Simple and efficient

contrast stain for B. diphtheriae. By C. N. Fiske. The heart muscle in

pneumonia. The sterilization of vaccines and the influence of the various

methods employed on their antigenic properties. The Wassermann and luetin

reactions in leprosy. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 700

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Relation of general arteriosclerosis to certain

ocular conditions. Eyestrain and ocular discomfort from faulty illumination. Hemorrhage

from the nose and throat. Diagnosis and conservative treatment of inflammation

of the accessory sinuses of the nose. Primary carcinoma of the tonsils. Nasal

polypi. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 703

REPORTS. —Topographical extracts from annual sanitary reports:

Yangtze River ports. By Passed Asst. Surg. C. L. Beeching 707

Cape Haitien, Haiti. By Asst. Surg. C. P. Lynch 710

Santo Domingo and Haiti. By Passed Asst. Surg. E. A. Vickery 714

Vera Cruz, Santo Domingo, and Haiti. By Surg. R. W. Plummer 715

Santo Domingo. By Asst. Surg. J. B. Helm 716

Bluefields, Nicaragua. By Asst. Surg. C. P. Lynch 719

Alaskan ports. By Surg. W. S. Pugh, jr 723

INDEX 727

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Atna Øl Nakenbad by Bernt Rostad

The side label on the bottle of Atna Øl Nakenbad informs us it was brewed with only organically produced malts and hops, making it a certified organically produced beer. It is neither filtered nor pasteurized, to retain as full flavor as possible.

Assembly of my undergraduated thesis: Flash Pasteurization Sistem, for Wine, Beer and Juice by Onildo Lima Chemical Engineering

3

Joan of Arc by David

63 17

Joan of Arc on the upper park at Meridian Hill (Malcolm X) Park

Joan of Arc, or Jeanne d'Arc (1412–30 May 1431) is a national heroine of France and a saint of the Catholic Church. She stated that she had visions, which she believed came from God, and she used these to inspire Charles VII's troops to retake most of his dynasty's former territories which had been under English and Burgundian dominance during the Hundred Years' War.

She had been sent to the siege of Orléans by the then-uncrowned King Charles VII as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the disregard of veteran commanders and ended the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims and settled the disputed succession to the throne.

The renewed confidence of Charles VII's forces outlasted Joan of Arc's own brief career. She refused to leave the field when she was wounded during an attempt to recapture Paris that autumn. Hampered by court intrigues, she led only minor companies from then on, and fell prisoner during a skirmish near Compiègne the following spring. A politically motivated trial by the English convicted her of heresy. The English regent, John, Duke of Bedford, had her burnt at the stake in Rouen. She had become the leader of her faction at the age of seventeen, but died at the age of nineteen. Some twenty-four years later, Joan's aged mother, Isabelle, convinced the Inquisitor-General and Pope Callixtus III to reopen Joan's case, resulting in an appeal which overturned the original conviction by the English. Pope Benedict XV canonized her on 16 May 1920.

Joan of Arc has remained an important figure in Western culture. From Napoleon to the present, French politicians of all leanings have invoked her memory. Major writers and composers, including Shakespeare, Voltaire, Schiller, Verdi, Tchaikovsky, Twain, Shaw, and Brecht, have created works about her, and depictions of her continue to be prevalent in film, television, and song.

The period that preceded Joan of Arc's career was one of the lowest points in French history. The prolonged war had produced much suffering among the population. Much of the northern portion of the kingdom was controlled by English troops, and there was a likely possibility that France would be joined with England as a "Dual Monarchy" under an English king. The French king at the time of Joan's birth, Charles VI, suffered bouts of insanity and was often unable to rule. Two of the king's relatives, Dukes John the Fearless of Burgundy and Louis of Orléans, quarreled over the regency of France and the guardianship of the royal children. The dispute escalated to accusations of an extramarital affair with Queen Isabeau of Bavaria and kidnappings of the royal children, and culminated when John the Fearless ordered the assassination of Louis in 1407. The factions loyal to these two men became known as the Armagnacs and the Burgundians. The English king, Henry V, took advantage of this turmoil and invaded France, won a dramatic victory at Agincourt in 1415, and proceeded to capture northern French towns. The future French king, Charles VII, assumed the title of dauphin as heir to the throne at the age of fourteen, after all four of his older brothers had died. His first significant official act was to conclude a peace treaty with John the Fearless in 1419. This ended in disaster when Armagnac partisans murdered John the Fearless during a meeting under Charles's guarantee of protection. The new duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good, blamed Charles and entered an alliance with the English. Large sections of France fell to conquest.

In 1420, Queen Isabeau of Bavaria concluded the Treaty of Troyes, which granted the royal succession to Henry V and his heirs in preference to her son Charles. This agreement revived rumors about her supposed affair with the late duke of Orléans and raised fresh suspicions that the dauphin was a royal bastard rather than the son of the king. Henry V and Charles VI died within two months of each other in 1422, leaving an infant, Henry VI of England, the nominal monarch of both kingdoms. Henry V's brother John of Lancaster, the duke of Bedford, acted as regent.

By 1429, nearly all of northern France, and some parts of the southwest, were under foreign control. The English ruled Paris and the Burgundians ruled Reims. The latter city was important as the traditional site of French coronations and consecrations, especially since neither claimant to the throne of France had been crowned. The English had laid siege to Orléans, a city situated at a strategic location along the Loire River which made it the last major obstacle to an assault on the remaining French heartland. In the words of one modern historian, "On the fate of Orléans hung that of the entire kingdom. No one was optimistic that the city could long withstand the siege.

Joan of Arc was born in the village of Domrémy in 1412 to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée. Her parents owned about 50 acres of land and her father supplemented his farming work with a minor position as a village official, collecting taxes and heading the town watch. They lived in an isolated patch of northeastern territory that remained loyal to the French crown despite being surrounded by Burgundian lands. Several raids occurred during Joan of Arc's childhood, and on one occasion her village was burned.

Joan later testified that she experienced her first vision around 1424. She would report that St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret told her to drive out the English and bring the dauphin to Reims for his coronation. At the age of sixteen she asked a kinsman, Durand Lassois, to bring her to nearby Vaucouleurs, where she petitioned the garrison commander, Count Robert de Baudricourt, for permission to visit the royal French court at Chinon. Baudricourt's sarcastic response did not deter her. She returned the following January and gained support from two men of standing: Jean de Metz and Bertrand de Poulegny. Under their auspices she gained a second interview, where she made an apparently miraculous prediction about a military reversal near Orléans.

She preferred to carry her standard into battle. Witnesses also reported her holding a sword, lance, or axe.Baudricourt granted her an escort to visit Chinon after news from the front confirmed her prediction. She made the journey through hostile Burgundian territory in male disguise. Upon arriving at the royal court, she impressed Charles VII during a private conference. He then ordered background inquiries and a theological examination at Poitiers to verify her morality. During this time, Charles's mother-in-law, Yolande of Aragon, was financing a relief expedition to Orléans. Joan of Arc petitioned for permission to travel with the army and wear the equipment of a knight. Because she had no funds of her own, she depended on donations for her armor, horse, sword, banner, and entourage. Historian Stephen W. Richey explains her rise as the only source of hope for a regime that was near collapse.

"After years of one humiliating defeat after another, both the military and civil leadership of France were demoralized and discredited. When the Dauphin Charles granted Joan’s urgent request to be equipped for war and placed at the head of his army, his decision must have been based in large part on the knowledge that every orthodox, every rational, option had been tried and had failed. Only a regime in the final straits of desperation would pay any heed to an illiterate farm girl who claimed that voices from God were instructing her to take charge of her country’s army and lead it to victory.

Joan of Arc arrived at the siege of Orléans on 29 April 1429, but Jean d'Orléans (aka Dunois), the acting head of the Orléans ducal family, initially excluded her from war councils and failed to inform her when the army engaged the enemy. She overcame this by disregarding the veteran commanders' decisions, appealed to the town's population, and rode out to each skirmish, where she placed herself at the extreme front line, carrying her banner. The extent of her actual military leadership is a subject of historical debate. The eyewitness accounts say that she often made intelligent suggestions in the field, but that her soldiers and commanders regarded her mainly as a divinely-inspired mystic whose victories were attributed to God. Traditional historians, such as Edouard Perroy, conclude that she was a standard bearer whose primary effect was on morale. This type of analysis usually relies on the condemnation trial testimony, where Joan of Arc stated that she preferred her standard to her sword. Recent scholarship that focuses on the rehabilitation trial testimony more often suggests that her fellow officers esteemed her as a skilled tactician and a successful strategist. Stephen W. Richey asserts that "She proceeded to lead the army in an astounding series of victories that reversed the tide of the war. In either case, historians agree that the army enjoyed remarkable success during her brief career.

Reims cathedral, traditional site of French coronations. The structure had additional spires prior to a 1481 fire.Joan of Arc defied the cautious strategy that had previously characterized French leadership, pursuing vigorous frontal assaults against outlying siege fortifications. After several of these outposts fell, the English abandoned other wooden structures and concentrated their remaining forces at the stone fortress that controlled the bridge, les Tourelles. On 7 May, the French assaulted the Tourelles. Contemporaries acknowledged Joan as the leader of the engagement, during which at one point she pulled an arrow from her own shoulder and returned, still wounded, to lead the final charge.

The sudden victory at Orléans led to many proposals for offensive action. The English expected an attempt to recapture Paris or an attack on Normandy; Dunois later said that this in fact had originally been the plan, until Joan convinced them to proceed instead to Reims. In the aftermath of the unexpected victory, she persuaded Charles VII to grant her co-command of the army with Duke John II of Alençon, and gained royal permission for her plan to recapture nearby bridges along the Loire as a prelude to an advance on Reims and a coronation. Hers was a bold proposal, because Reims was roughly twice as far away as Paris, and deep in enemy-held territory.

Joan of Arc changed the fortunes of King Charles VII. By the end of his reign, he had regained every English possession in France except for Calais and the Channel Islands. The army recovered Jargeau on 12 June, Meung-sur-Loire on 15 June, then Beaugency on 17 June. The duke of Alençon agreed to all of Joan of Arc's decisions. Other commanders, including Jean d'Orléans, had been impressed with her performance at Orléans, and became strong supporters of her. Alençon credited Joan for saving his life at Jargeau, where she warned him of an imminent artillery attack. During the same battle, she withstood a blow from a stone to her helmet as she climbed a scaling ladder. An expected English relief force arrived in the area on 18 June, under the command of Sir John Fastolf. The battle at Patay might be compared to Agincourt in reverse: The French vanguard attacked before the English archers could finish defensive preparations. A rout ensued that decimated the main body of the English army and killed or captured most of its commanders. Fastolf escaped with a small band of soldiers and became the scapegoat for the English humiliation. The French suffered minimal losses.

The French army set out for Reims from Gien-sur-Loire on 29 June, and accepted the negotiated neutrality of the Burgundian-held city of Auxerre on 3 July. Every other town in their path returned to French allegiance without resistance. Troyes, the site of the treaty that had tried to disinherit Charles VII, capitulated after a nearly bloodless four-day siege. The army was in short supply of food by the time it reached Troyes. Edward Lucie-Smith cites this as an example alleging that Joan of Arc was more blessed than skilled: A wandering friar named Brother Richard had been preaching about the end of the world at Troyes, and had convinced local residents to plant beans, a crop with an early harvest. The hungry army arrived just as the beans ripened.

Reims opened its gates on 16 July. The coronation took place the following morning. Although Joan and the duke of Alençon urged a prompt march on Paris, the royal court pursued a negotiated truce with the duke of Burgundy. Duke Philip the Good broke the agreement, using it as a stalling tactic to reinforce the defense of Paris. The French army marched through towns near Paris during the interim and accepted more peaceful surrenders. The duke of Bedford headed an English force and confronted the French army in a standoff on 15 August. The French assault at Paris ensued on 8 September. Despite a crossbow bolt wound to the leg, Joan of Arc continued directing the troops until the day's fighting ended. The following morning, she received a royal order to withdraw. Most historians blame French grand chamberlain Georges de la Trémoille for the political blunders that followed the coronation.

.After minor action at La-Charité-sur-Loire in November and December, Joan went to Lagny-sur-Marne the following March, then to Compiègne on May 23rd to defend against an English and Burgundian siege. A skirmish on 23 May 1430 led to her capture. When she ordered a retreat, she assumed the place of honor as the last to leave the field. Burgundians surrounded the rear guard.

It was customary for a war captive's family to raise ransom money whenever the captor allowed a ransom, which the Burgundians did not allow in this case. Many historians condemn Charles VII for failing to do more to intervene. She attempted several escapes, on one occasion leaping from a seventy foot tower to the soft earth of a dry moat. The English government eventually obtained her from Duke Philip of Burgundy. Bishop Pierre Cauchon of Beauvais, an English partisan and member of the Council which oversaw the English occupation of northern France, assumed a prominent role in these negotiations and her later trial.

Joan's trial for heresy was politically motivated. The duke of Bedford claimed the throne of France for his nephew Henry VI. She was responsible for the rival coronation. Condemning her was an attempt to discredit her king. Legal proceedings commenced on 9 January 1431 at Rouen, the seat of the English occupation government. The procedure was irregular on a number of points.

To summarize some major problems, the jurisdiction of judge Bishop Cauchon was a legal fiction. He owed his appointment to his partisanship. The English government financed the entire trial. Clerical notary Nicolas Bailly, commissioned to collect testimony against her, could find no adverse evidence. Without this, the court lacked grounds to initiate a trial. Opening one anyway, it denied her right to a legal advisor.

The trial record demonstrates her exceptional intellect. The transcript's most famous exchange is an exercise in subtlety. "Asked if she knew she was in God's grace, she answered: 'If I am not, may God put me there; and if I am, may God so keep me. The question is a scholarly trap. Church doctrine held that no one could be certain of being in God's grace. If she had answered yes, then she would have convicted herself of heresy. If she had answered no, then she would have confessed her own guilt. Notary Boisguillaume would later testify that at the moment the court heard this reply, "Those who were interrogating her were stupefied" and abruptly halted the questioning for that day. This exchange would become famous, and is incorporated into many modern works on the subject.

Several court functionaries later testified that significant portions of the transcript were altered in her disfavor. Many clerics served under compulsion, including the inquisitor, Jean LeMaitre, and a few even received death threats from the English. Under Inquisitorial guidelines, Joan should have been confined to an ecclesiastical prison under the supervision of female guards (i.e., nuns). Instead, the English kept her in a secular prison guarded by their own soldiers. Bishop Cauchon denied Joan's appeals to the Council of Basel and the Pope, which should have stopped his proceeding.

The twelve articles of accusation that summarize the court's finding contradict the already-doctored court record. Illiterate Joan signed an abjuration document she did not understand under threat of immediate execution. The court substituted a different abjuration in the official record.

Heresy was a capital crime only for a repeat offense. Joan agreed to wear women's clothes when she abjured. A few days later, according to eyewitnesses, she was subjected to an attempted rape in prison by an English lord. She resumed male attire either as a defense against molestation or, in the testimony of Jean Massieu, because her dress had been stolen and she was left with nothing else to wear.

Eyewitnesses described the scene of the execution on 30 May 1431. Tied to a tall pillar, she asked two of the clergy, Martin Ladvenu and Isambart de la Pierre, to hold a crucifix before her. She repeatedly called out "in a loud voice the holy name of Jesus, and implored and invoked without ceasing the aid of the saints of Paradise." After she expired, the English raked back the coals to expose her charred body so that no one could claim she had escaped alive, then burned the body twice more to reduce it to ashes and prevent any collection of relics. They cast her remains into the Seine. The executioner, Geoffroy Therage, later stated that he "...greatly feared to be damned for he had burned a holy woman.

A posthumous retrial opened as the war ended. Pope Callixtus III authorized this proceeding, now known as the "rehabilitation trial", at the request of Inquisitor-General Jean Brehal and Joan of Arc's mother Isabelle Romée. Investigations started with an inquest by clergyman Guillaume Bouille. Brehal conducted an investigation in 1452. A formal appeal followed in November 1455. The appellate process included clergy from throughout Europe and observed standard court procedure. A panel of theologians analyzed testimony from 115 witnesses. Brehal drew up his final summary in June 1456, which describes Joan as a martyr and implicates the late Pierre Cauchon with heresy for having convicted an innocent woman in pursuit of a secular vendetta. The court declared her innocence on 7 July 1456.

Joan of Arc often wore men's clothing between her departure from Vaucouleurs and her abjuration at Rouen. This raised theological questions in her own era and raised other questions in the twentieth century. The technical reason for her execution was a Biblical clothing law, but the rehabilitation trial reversed the conviction in part because the condemnation proceeding had failed to consider the doctrinal exceptions to that stricture.

Doctrinally speaking, she was safe to disguise herself as a page during a journey through enemy territory and she was safe to wear armor during battle. The Chronique de la Pucelle states that it deterred molestation while she was camped in the field. Clergy who testified at her rehabilitation trial affirmed that she continued to wear male clothing in prison to deter molestation and rape. Preservation of chastity was another justifiable reason for crossdressing: her apparel would have slowed an assailant. She referred the court to the Poitiers inquiry when questioned on the matter during her condemnation trial. The Poitiers record no longer survives but circumstances indicate the Poitiers clerics approved her practice. In other words, she had a mission to do a man's work so it was fitting that she dress the part. She also kept her hair cut short through her military campaigns and while in prison. Her supporters, such as the theologian Jean Gerson, defended her hairstyle, as did Inquisitor Brehal during the Rehabilitation trial.

According to Francoise Meltzer, "The depictions of Joan of Arc tell us about the assumptions and gender prejudices of each succeeding era, but they tell us nothing about Joan's looks in themselves. They can be read, then, as a semiology of gender: how each succeeding culture imagines the figure whose charismatic courage, combined with the blurring of gender roles, makes her difficult to depict.

The neutrality of the following section is disputed.

Joan of Arc's religious visions have been one of the most heavily analyzed and controversial aspects of her life, attracting interest from theologians and psychologists alike. Whether Joan of Arc herself believed that her visions were from God is rarely disputed; based on her martyrdom and other biographical details, her religious faith is widely judged to have been sincere. She identified St. Margaret, St. Catherine, and St. Michael as the source of her revelations, although, as several saints have been canonized under each of these names, there is some ambiguity as to which of the identically-named saints she was referring to. Devout Roman Catholics regard her visions as divinely inspired. Those who suggest medical or psychiatric explanations for Joan of Arc's visions typically posit hallucinations, mental illness, or self-delusion. Most scholars who propose such explanations for the visions, such as paranoid schizophrenia, consider Joan a figurehead more than an active leader. Among other hypothesized conditions are a handful of neurological conditions that can cause complex hallucinations, such as temporal lobe epilepsy. Ralph Hoffman, professor of psychology at Yale University, states that "hearing voices is not necessarily a sign of mental illness," and names Joan of Arc's religious inspiration as a possible exception without speculation as to alternative causes.

Psychiatric explanations have encountered some objections. One is the slim likelihood that a mentally ill person could gain favor in the court of Charles VII. This king's own father, Charles VI of France, had been popularly known as "Charles the Mad", and much of the political and military decline that had occurred in France during the previous decades could be attributed to the power vacuum that his episodes of insanity had produced. The old king had believed he was made of glass, a delusion no courtier had mistaken for a religious awakening. Fears that Charles VII would manifest the same insanity may have factored into the attempt to disinherit him at Troyes. As royal counselor, Jacques Gélu cautioned upon Joan of Arc's arrival at Chinon, "One should not lightly alter any policy because of conversation with a girl, a peasant... so susceptible to illusions; one should not make oneself ridiculous in the sight of foreign nations...." Contrary to modern stereotypes about the Middle Ages, this particular royal court was shrewd and skeptical on the subject of mental health.

I t has also been argued that reports of Joan of Arc's intelligence conflict with the possibility of mental illness. Joan of Arc remained astute to the end of her life, and rehabilitation trial testimony frequently marvels at her intelligence. "Often they [the judges] turned from one question to another, changing about, but, notwithstanding this, she answered prudently, and evinced a wonderful memory. Her subtle replies under interrogation even forced the court to stop holding public sessions. However, although intellectual decline and chronic memory loss are listed among the potential prodromes of several major mental illnesses, the apparent lack of these two symptoms does not, by itself, rule out the possibility of mental illness. It does, however, represent a lack of some of the identifiable symptoms that modern medical diagnostic manuals consider necessary for a positive diagnosis. Some scholars, such as Judy Grundy, have likewise pointed out that, based on the eyewitness accounts, other potential outward symptoms of such disorders, such as marked changes in personality and confused speech, were also absent in Joan's case. Those who argue the opposite position consider the visions themselves to be proof of mental illness, usually based on one or more of the following propositions: 1) it is assumed that God would not order someone to wage war, or at least would not promote warfare against the English, therefore Joan must have been subject to hallucinations rather than Divine communication. Since this is an unproven assumption about the nature of God, the medical community would not normally use it as the basis for a diagnosis of mental illness. 2) It is assumed that science rejects the existence of God, therefore any such visions must be hallucinations, therefore she was mentally ill. This view also has its critics: since 40% of modern scientists say they do believe in God's existence, the scientific community would seem to be divided on that issue. Additionally, the medical community does not automatically consider all mystics to be mentally ill, and generally does not consider the above type of argument to be valid grounds for a diagnosis: since the issue of possible mental illness in Joan of Arc's case concerns the question of whether her visions were hallucinations, if one wishes to include these visions themselves as two symptoms of mental illness (i.e., "hallucinations" and "delusions"), then one would need to prove that these were in fact hallucinations and delusions rather than merely assuming them to be such and then using that assumption as evidence proving the assumption itself. To qualify as a valid diagnosis, evidence would need to be provided to support the proposition.

The only detailed source of information about Joan of Arc's visions is the condemnation trial transcript, a complex and problematic document in which she resisted the court's inquiries and refused to swear the customary oath on the subject of her revelations. Régine Pernoud, a prominent historian, was sometimes sarcastic about speculative medical interpretations: in response to one such theory alleging that Joan of Arc suffered from bovine tuberculosis as a result of drinking unpasteurized milk, Pernoud wrote that if drinking unpasteurized milk can produce such potential benefits for the nation, then the French government should stop mandating the pasteurization of milk.

The Prayer to St. Joan of Arc for Strength:

In the face of your enemies, in the face of harassment, ridicule, and doubt, you held firm in your faith. Even in your abandonment, alone and without friends, you held firm in your faith. Even as you faced your own mortality, you held firm in your faith. I pray that I may be as bold in my beliefs as you, St. Joan. I ask that you ride alongside me in my own battles. Help me be mindful that what is worthwhile can be won when I persist. Help me hold firm in my faith. Help me believe in my ability to act well and wisely. Amen.

Joan of Arc became a semi-legendary figure for the next four centuries. The main sources of information about her were chronicles. Five original manuscripts of her condemnation trial surfaced in old archives during the nineteenth century. Soon historians also located the complete records of her rehabilitation trial, which contained sworn testimony from 115 witnesses, and the original French notes for the Latin condemnation trial transcript. Various contemporary letters also emerged, three of which carry the signature "Jehanne" in the unsteady hand of a person learning to write. This unusual wealth of primary source material is one reason DeVries declares, "No person of the Middle Ages, male or female, has been the subject of more study than Joan of Arc.

"The people who came after her in the five centuries since her death tried to make everything of her: demonic fanatic, spiritual mystic, naive and tragically ill-used tool of the powerful, creator and icon of modern popular nationalism, adored saint. She insisted, even when threatened with torture and faced with death by fire, that she was guided by voices from God. Voices or no voices, her achievements leave anyone who knows her story shaking his head in amazed wonder.

In 1452, during the postwar investigation into her execution, the Church declared that a religious play in her honor at Orléans would qualify as a pilgrimage meriting an indulgence. Joan of Arc became a symbol of the Catholic League during the 16th century. Félix Dupanloup, bishop of Orléans from 1849 to 1878, led the effort for Joan's eventual beatification in 1909. Her canonization followed on 16 May 1920. Her feast day is 30 May. She has become one of the most popular saints of the Roman Catholic Church.

The French Resistance used the cross of Lorraine as a symbolic reference to Joan of Arc.Joan of Arc has been a political symbol in France since the time of Napoleon. Liberals emphasized her humble origins. Early conservatives stressed her support of the monarchy. Later conservatives recalled her nationalism. During World War II, both the Vichy Regime and the French Resistance used her image: Vichy propaganda remembered her campaign against the English with posters that showed British warplanes bombing Rouen and the ominous caption: "They Always Return to the Scene of Their Crimes." The resistance emphasized her fight against foreign occupation and her origins in the province of Lorraine, which had fallen under Nazi control.

Traditional Catholics, especially in France, also use her as a symbol of inspiration, often comparing the 1988 excommunication of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre (founder of the Society of St. Pius X and a dissident against the Vatican II reforms) to Joan of Arc's excommunication. Three separate vessels of the French Navy have been named after Joan of Arc, including a helicopter carrier currently in active service. At present the controversial French political party Front National holds rallies at her statues, reproduces her likeness in party publications, and uses a tricolor flame partly symbolic of her martyrdom as its emblem. This party's opponents sometimes satirize its appropriation of her image. The French civic holiday in her honor is the second Sunday of May.

Vietnam - Hanoi - Market - Grapes - 202 by Manfred Sommer

1

A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.

Grapes can be eaten fresh as table grapes or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.

HISTORY

The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the discovery of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest known winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC. By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.

In North America, native grapes belonging to various species of the Vitis genus proliferate in the wild across the continent, and were a part of the diet of many Native Americans, but were considered by European colonists to be unsuitable for wine. Vitis vinifera cultivars were imported for that purpose.

DESCRIPTION

Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.

GRAPEVINES

Most grapes come from cultivars of Vitis vinifera, the European grapevine native to the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Minor amounts of fruit and wine come from American and Asian species such as:

- Vitis labrusca, the North American table and grape juice grapevines (including the Concord cultivar), sometimes used for wine, are native to the Eastern United States and Canada.

- Vitis riparia, a wild vine of North America, is sometimes used for winemaking and for jam. It is native to the entire Eastern U.S. and north to Quebec.

- Vitis rotundifolia, the muscadines, used for jams and wine, are native to the Southeastern United States from Delaware to the Gulf of Mexico.

- Vitis amurensis is the most important Asian species.

DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 75,866 square kilometers of the world are dedicated to grapes. Approximately 71% of world grape production is used for wine, 27% as fresh fruit, and 2% as dried fruit. A portion of grape production goes to producing grape juice to be reconstituted for fruits canned "with no added sugar" and "100% natural". The area dedicated to vineyards is increasing by about 2% per year.

There are no reliable statistics that break down grape production by variety. It is believed that the most widely planted variety is Sultana, also known as Thompson Seedless, with at least 3,600 km2) dedicated to it. The second most common variety is Airén. Other popular varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Grenache, Tempranillo, Riesling, and Chardonnay.

TABLE AND WINE GRAPES

Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in winemaking, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are harvested at the time when their juice is approximately 24% sugar by weight. By comparison, commercially produced "100% grape juice", made from table grapes, is usually around 15% sugar by weight.

SEEDLESS GRAPES

Seedless cultivars now make up the overwhelming majority of table grape plantings. Because grapevines are vegetatively propagated by cuttings, the lack of seeds does not present a problem for reproduction. It is an issue for breeders, who must either use a seeded variety as the female parent or rescue embryos early in development using tissue culture techniques.

There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.

An offset to the improved eating quality of seedlessness is the loss of potential health benefits provided by the enriched phytochemical content of grape seeds (see Health claims, below).

RAISINS, CURRANTS AND SULTANAS

In most of Europe and North America, dried grapes are referred to as "raisins" or the local equivalent. In the UK, three different varieties are recognized, forcing the EU to use the term "dried vine fruit" in official documents.

A raisin is any dried grape. While raisin is a French loanword, the word in French refers to the fresh fruit; grappe (from which the English grape is derived) refers to the bunch (as in une grappe de raisins).

A currant is a dried Zante Black Corinth grape, the name being a corruption of the French raisin de Corinthe (Corinth grape). Currant has also come to refer to the blackcurrant and redcurrant, two berries unrelated to grapes.

A sultana was originally a raisin made from Sultana grapes of Turkish origin (known as Thompson Seedless in the United States), but the word is now applied to raisins made from either white grapes or red grapes that are bleached to resemble the traditional sultana.

JUICE

Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7–23% of pulp, skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as "must". In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes. In California, Sultana (known there as Thompson Seedless) grapes are sometimes diverted from the raisin or table market to produce white juice.

HEALTH CLAIMS

FRENCH PARADOX

Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although the French tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red wine. Apart from potential benefits of alcohol itself, including reduced platelet aggregation and vasodilation, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol) mainly in the grape skin provide other suspected health benefits, such as:

- Alteration of molecular mechanisms in blood vessels, reducing susceptibility to vascular damage

- Decreased activity of angiotensin, a systemic hormone causing blood vessel constriction that would elevate blood pressure

- Increased production of the vasodilator hormone, nitric oxide (endothelium-derived relaxing factor)

Although adoption of wine consumption is not recommended by some health authorities, a significant volume of research indicates moderate consumption, such as one glass of red wine a day for women and two for men, may confer health benefits. Emerging evidence is that wine polyphenols such as resveratrol provide physiological benefit, whereas alcohol itself may have protective effects on the cardiovascular system. More may be seen in the article Long-term effects of alcohol.

RESVERATROL

Resveratrol is found in widely varying amounts among grape varieties, primarily in their skins and seeds, which, in muscadine grapes, have about one hundred times higher concentration than pulp. Fresh grape skin contains about 50 to 100 micrograms of resveratrol per gram.

ANTHOCYANINS AND OTHER PHENOLICS

Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence of anthocyanins in white grape skin. It is these anthocyanins that are attracting the efforts of scientists to define their properties for human health. Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections.

Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary non-muscadine red wine contains between 0.2 and 5.8 mg/L, depending on the grape variety, because it is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to absorb the resveratrol. By contrast, a white wine contains lower phenolic contents because it is fermented after removal of skins.

Wines produced from muscadine grapes may contain more than 40 mg/L, an exceptional phenolic content. In muscadine skins, ellagic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and trans-resveratrol are major phenolics. Contrary to previous results, ellagic acid and not resveratrol is the major phenolic in muscadine grapes.

The flavonols syringetin, syringetin 3-O-galactoside, laricitrin and laricitrin 3-O-galactoside are also found in purple grape but absent in white grape.

SEED CONSTITUENTS

Biochemical and preliminary clinical studies have demonstrated potential biological properties of grape seed oligomeric procyanidins. For example, laboratory tests indicated a potential anticancer effect from grape seed extract. According to the American Cancer Society, "there is very little reliable scientific evidence available at this time that drinking red wine, eating grapes, or following the grape diet can prevent or treat cancer in people".

Grape seed oil from crushed seeds is used in cosmeceuticals and skincare products for perceived health benefits. Grape seed oil contains tocopherols (vitamin E) and high contents of phytosterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.

GRAPE AND RAISIN TOXICITY IN DOGS

The consumption of grapes and raisins presents a potential health threat to dogs. Their toxicity to dogs can cause the animal to develop acute renal failure (the sudden development of kidney failure) with anuria (a lack of urine production) and may be fatal.

GRAPE THERAPY

Grape therapy, also known as ampelotherapy (from Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ampelos), meaning 'vine'), is a form of naturopathic medicine or alternative medicine that involves heavy consumption of grapes, including seeds, and parts of the vine, including leaves. Although there is some limited evidence of positive benefits from the consumption of grapes for health purposes, extreme claims, such as its ability to cure cancer, have been widely derided as “quackery”.

RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE

In the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts. Grapes were also significant to both the Greeks and Romans, and their god of agriculture, Dionysus, was linked to grapes and wine, being frequently portrayed with grape leaves on his head. Grapes are especially significant for Christians, who since the Early Church have used wine in their celebration of the Eucharist. Views on the significance of the wine vary between denominations. In Christian art, grapes often represent the blood of Christ, such as the grape leaves in Caravaggio’s John the Baptist.

USE IN RELIGION

Christians have traditionally used wine during worship services as a means of remembering the blood of Jesus Christ which was shed for the remission of sins. Christians who oppose the partaking of alcoholic beverages sometimes use grape juice or water as the "cup" or "wine" in the Lord's Supper.

The Catholic Church continues to use wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation. Wine is used (not grape juice) both due to its strong Scriptural roots, and also to follow the tradition set by the early Christian Church. The Code of Canon Law of the Catholic Church (1983), Canon 924 says that the wine used must be natural, made from grapes of the vine, and not corrupt. In some circumstances, a priest may obtain special permission to use grape juice for the consecration; however, this is extremely rare and typically requires sufficient impetus to warrant such a dispensation, such as personal health of the priest.

Although alcohol is permitted in Judaism, grape juice is sometimes used as an alternative for kiddush on Shabbat and Jewish holidays, and has the same blessing as wine. Many authorities maintain that grape juice must be capable of turning into wine naturally in order to be used for kiddush. Common practice, however, is to use any kosher grape juice for kiddush.

WIKIPEDIA

L'Edel de Cleron by knightbefore_99

1 10

L'Edel de Cleron is a pasteurized version of the famous French cheese Vacherin Mont D’or which is illegal in the United States due to the laws regarding pasteurized cheese. Produced in the Franche-Comte region of France, l'Edel de Cleron is a cow's milk cheese that is bound by a strip of spruce bark that not only helps the cheese retain its shape, but also gives it a rustic aroma.

Assembly of my undergraduated thesis: Flash Pasteurization Sistem, for Wine, Beer and Juice by Onildo Lima Chemical Engineering

3

Tomme des PyrŽnŽes by Annick Vanderschelden

Tomme des Pyrénées. Piece placed on blackboard. Mild French rustic cheese. Covered with skin of black wax. Wooden plank. Light effect. High point of view.

Time for..... a drink! by Roger Heële

Adolphus Busch left Germany for the United States in 1857. He settled in St. Louis, Missouri, where he eventually established his own brewing supply house. In St. Louis, Busch also met and married a woman named Lilly Anheuser. Lilly’s father, Eberhard Anheuser, owned a small brewery that had been yielding lager beer for some time. In 1864, Busch partnered with his father in-law to form what would eventually become the Anheuser-Busch Company.[2]

Busch traveled extensively throughout Europe in order to observe and study the latest brewing techniques. In the 1870s, Anheuser-Busch became the first American brewery to implement pasteurization, which greatly improved the shelf-life and transportability of its beers. In the mid-1800s, most Americans preferred robust, dark ales. Busch had encountered lighter lager beers during his travels and began brewing a light Bohemian lager. Anheuser-Busch introduced this lager in 1876 under the brand name Budweiser.[3]

Budweiser and Anheuser-Busch enjoyed two decades of growth before the onset of prohibition in 1920. Anheuser-Busch had to suspend brewing of Budweiser during prohibition and launched a range of non-alcoholic products.[4]

When prohibition came to an end in 1933, Anheuser-Busch began brewing Budweiser again. During prohibition the palate of the beer consumer had changed due to the popularization of sweeter homemade and bootlegged brews. The company dared consumers to drink Budweiser for five days, and if on the sixth day, if they still preferred the taste of other beers they could go back.[5]

Growth was limited by economic conditions caused by the great depression but thanks in part to the introduction of the metal can in 1936 Budweiser’s sales began to climb again.[3]

During World War II, the company diverted several resources to support the war effort and relinquished its West Coast markets to conserve rail car space. After the war Budweiser and Anheuser-Busch entered into an era of rapid growth.[6]

August A. Busch Jr. became president of Anheuser-Busch in 1946 and began the creation of a national network of breweries. The first new brewery was opened in Newark, New Jersey in 1951, and was the first of nine to open over the course of the next 25 years

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

Jimmy Carter by Rain Moth Gallery

1 1

Jimmy Carter…But I Loved the Dairy.

Written by D Morley, photo by Italo Vardaro

Jimmy grew up on a fruit and vegetable property on the River Murray at Waikerie. His parents soon set up a small dairy and this is where Jimmy’s love of cows began. When he left school at fourteen it was his job to run it. The cows were milked for their cream and every morning Jimmy would cut lucerne for them, milk them and separate the cream. It was a good business and soon there about 50 cows to milk!

However the introduction of pasteurization made it too expensive to continue with dairying and they got out of the business. “I liked the fruit block, but I loved the dairy. When we left I kept one of the cows and I milked it every morning.”

Jimmy became very well known around the Waikerie district for playing the drums in various popular dance bands. He was never taught how to play the drums. He remembers as a kid that he would always ‘play the knives’ on the table while listening to the radio so his parents bought him a drum kit. When asked how he taught himself to play the drums he says, “I don’t know how or why but I could just do it!” Jimmy still has asset of drums in his shed. He has lived his whole life in Waikerie and wouldn’t want to live anywhere else.

An extract from: “Conversations…history comes as a story.”

A project of the Rain Moth Gallery, Waikerie.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

Apple Cider container warning label by daveynin

1

"WARNING: This product has not been pasteurized and, therefore, may contain harmful bacteria that can cause serious illness in children, the elderly and persons with weakened immune systems."

F.A.A.F.E. ASSN. INC.

Scottdale, Penna. 15683.

ID 65-847229-4-CP

Making the world better? by Jer*ry

1 9

“A world of good in every carton.”

That’s how the folks at Tetra Pak want us to see them. They – their marketing gurus anyway -- go on to say, “At Tetra Pak, we create smart food processing and carton packaging solutions that help make the world better, and each day our products meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people in more than 170 countries around the world.”

The words make it sound so good, so beneficent. However ... my impression of Tetra Pak is based not on the marketing blurbs but primarily on the empty wine boxes which have become a new and significant form of litter along our streets. They’re about as common now as aluminum cans, that is, empty beer and soft drink containers. Of course, aluminum cans may still be getting tossed out of passing vehicles in more volume than Tetra Paks. But, aluminum cans have some value – in quantity, they can be recycled for cash – so cans are being picked up by people in need of a few bucks. Whereas, there’s no such bounty on Tetra Paks. They can be recycled, at least in theory, but there’s no money to be had for collecting and turning them in.

About the recycling part, though. It’s not as straightforward as the company would like us to think. Below is an excerpt from the book Plastic Ocean: How a Sea Captain's Chance Discovery Launched a Determined Quest to Save the Oceans, by Capt. Charles Moore and Cassandra Phillips

“The faux green tour de force might be the Swedish-born Tetra Pak. Until very recently, Tetra Pak was the largest packaging company in the world. (Amcor bought half of Alcan in 2010, becoming the biggest.) Its inventor, Ruben Rausing, died in 1983, the richest man in Sweden. But Tetra Pak is still impressive, being essentially a niche product. On one hand, this container-package in its several guises is a miracle of materials engineering. It’s the ultimate hybrid: six super-thin layers of low-density polyethylene, paper and aluminum foil that are laminated, sterilized in a fog of hydrogen peroxide, dried, cut, folded, filled from the bottom with liquids flash pasteurized (in the case of milk and other products prone to contamination) using UHT (“ultra high temperature”) technology that kills pathogens but, the company claims, preserves nutrients. The rectangular cartons are packed into shipping cases with no space wasted—a soup can or wine bottle can’t make the same claim—and are lightweight, airtight, and protectively opaque. The format allows shelf storage of a year or more. At natural-food stores—wonderlands of eco-cognitive dissonance—various non-dairy milks (soy, rice, almond, oat) as well as organic soups come in Tetra Paks. The famous “juice box” is a Tetra Pak and a common beach cleanup item, as is its little detachable plastic straw. Now wine in Tetra Paks is catching on, and these screw-off plastic caps have become beach litter. Twenty-two billion of these containers are produced each year.

The company’s marketing material makes extravagant claims of sustainability. The paper is sourced whenever possible from managed forests. The product-to-packaging ratio is the best in the business, 96 percent, better than PET bottles, and leaves glass in the dust. And it’s recyclable. Yes, Tetra Pak has a special technology that pulps the cartons and separates the different materials so the paper can be turned into toilet paper. Only, this technology is not readily available: Florida is home to the only facility in the United States.”

www.barnesandnoble.com/w/plastic-ocean-charles-moore/1110...

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

1942 Garner Dairy Milk Bottle by Curt B

2 2

Year Made: 1942

Glassmaker: J.T.& A. Hamilton, Pittsburgh, PA

Color: clear

Product: milk

Bottler: Garner Dairy, Uniontown, PA

Volume: one pint (16 ounces)

Height: 7 1/4 inches

Weight: 13.2 ounces

Diameter: 3 inches

Seams: 2 seams stop below lip

Label Type: embossed

Closure Type: cardboard insert cap

Notes: Embossed on front: " Garner Dairy Co. / Uniontown, Pa. / REGISTERED "

Embossed on rear " Perfectly Pasteurized Products / ONE PINT LIQUID "

Embossed on bottom: " [ H inside △ ] 42 / G "

Garner Dairy was located at 78 East Fayette Street, Uniontown, PA.

Bain Généreux, rue Atateken by Jeff Reuben

1

Bain Généreux on rue Atateken (formerly rue Amherst) in the borough of Ville Marie in Montreal

This public bath was inaugurated 31 August 1927 and named for Damase Généreux, a local city councilor and veterinary surgeon. It was originally built in large part for hygienic purposes. However, over the years as baths in private homes became a standard feature, its role shifted to a more purely recreational one. But, that aspect was part of its function even in the beginning, as symbolized by the distinctive relief on the front facade of a man wearing a swimming cap.

Bain Généreux remained in operation until 1992 and is now home to Écomusée du Fier Monde. As the Montreal Gazette noted when the museum opened in 1996: “Bain Genereux's eye-catching, yellow-brick facade possesses a grandeur that belies the modest size of the building. This remarkable structure - a quixotic mix of Beaux-Arts classicism with Art-Deco detailing, stamped with architect Joseph-Omer Marchand's own distinctive style, has fortunately survived the changeover without alterations.” Marchand knew his way around French architectural influences; he was the first Canadian architect to graduate from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. (For the record, he is more commonly referred to as Jean-Omer Marchand.)

More from that Gazette article: “The most exacting and interesting work, however, has occurred in the transformation of the large, open pool area which Marchand modeled on a Parisian bath constructed in 1924, the Bain Butte-aux-Cailles. Ribbed with a series of reinforced concrete arches curving upwards to a clerestory 45 feet above the floor, Marchand's design for the hall has been carefully preserved in its essential forms, including the original window and door openings. The space now functions impressively as the museum's main exhibition area.”

In her 1999 Master’s thesis on Marchard, Johanne Pérusse notes that the relief of the swimmer is one of several elements that “marks the influence of Art Deco” at a time when the style was arriving in Montreal after the 1925 Art Deco Exhibition in Paris.

Another Art Deco connection is with the Montreal Botanical Garden Administration Pavilion of the 1930s, one of the city’s architectural masterpieces. That building’s architect, Lucien Keroack, was a draftsman for Marchand on Bain Généreux. Marchand’s building also keeps company with the fully Deco St. Jacques Market of 1931, located across the street.

Until 2019, the street the building is located on was named for Gen. Jeffery Amherst, who conquered French Canada for Britain in the French and Indian War but who is also notorious for the distribution of smallpox infected blankets to Native Americans as a form of biological warfare in an earlier conflict. The new name, Atateken, signifies brotherhood, sisterhood, and equality in Mohawk. Amherst remains the namesake of several places in Canada and the US. In fact before the Généreux name was adopted for this building it was provisionally referred to as the Amherst Public Bath. But, the practice at the time was to name public baths after local politicians; Généreux, which means generous in English, turned out to be a better name. He was known for promoting animal welfare in his work as a vet and leading a milk pasteurization program while in elected office. The Association of Veterinary Physicians of Quebec gives an award in his honor each year.

**

For information on other Art Deco Gems of Montreal, please see my article for Untapped New York at:

untappedcities.com/2019/11/14/a-guide-to-the-art-deco-gem...

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

2021 CEE Love Pee on the Peonies by Michigan Engineering

Lucinda Li, Graduate Student Research Assistant at Civil and Environmental Engineering, transports a container of Urine Derived Fertilizer (UDF) to peony beds at the University of Michigan Nichols Arboretum at 1610 Washington Heights in Ann Arbor, MI on Wednesday April 28, 2021.

UDF is fertilizer produced from diverted and sanitized human urine that can be used on plants and for agriculture. Well-researched methods such as pasteurization and activated carbon filtration are used to remove pathogens and pharmaceuticals present in urine.

Photo: Robert Coelius/University of Michigan Engineering, Communications & Marketing

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

Russian Milk - молоко In A Plastic Bag, Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast, Russian Federation. by PHOTOGRAPHY by DM & DBM.

7

What about Russian milk? Here, even in small local stores you can buy packets of milk with a long shelf life, and also fresh whole milk in bottles - which only last a few days. As a rule, Russian cow’s milk has a fat content from 0.1 to six percent. You can also find popular lactose-free milk in the country, as well as soya, coconut, almond, and rice milk. All milk in stores is pasteurized, but in some markets you can find raw milk.

Besides cow’s milk, some Russian farms also produce goat’s milk. Moreover, in the Kostroma Region you can try elk’s milk.

Ek Kali Ek Ghori, Bandra Chai by lecercle

1 8

* Ek Kali, Ek Gori, translates to One Black, One White

I sit myself in a green outdoor patio of a Bandra coffee shop and stare up at the chalkboard menu. All I could read was a rubric of exotic coffees and their carmalized mochaed lattéd frapped iced versions. A few minutes later, a black coffee arrives. As the liquit eats through my mouth acrimoniously, I long for the smell of over pasteurized milk, a slice of ginger, a savory of cardamom dust, the crackle of a rusty stick of cinnamon all concocted and alchemized into something else.

Yes, I'm talking about Chai.

Chai to be slurped greedily in chipped glasses. And so I went looking for the perfect cup in Bandra.

Cafe Goodluck

The ceiling fan rattles, clicks and sways as it cools the chai in the chipped porcelain cups that lie below. A boy, a torn banyan walks up to our table and slides two glasses of water across the marble top. Smoke from an entire barrage of cigarettes spirals up to the ceiling as people drink their chai an accompanying glass of cold water, reading newspapers while eating kheema (mince) samosas and buttering their bun muskas. The Cafe permeates much Bombay talk, a bright hum insulated by its vaulted ceilings from the noise of the street outside.

These are the musty, yet strangely comfortable confines of one of the many Irani establishments in Bombay.

The boy slides across briskly to my table and looks at me with accusatory smile.

"Ek Kali chai doosri doodh walli", I tell him thinking about chai.

[t: One Black the second one with milk.]

"Ek Kali, Ek Gori", he repeats as his yellow smile widens.

[t: One Black, One White]

I laugh to myself as he walks away to the kitchen.

The chai arrives shortly only to prove to me yet again that the best cup of chai is served by a yellow smile with missing teeth belonging to a heat drenched body appearing from nowhere only to serve only more amounts of chai.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point Nâ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

âI remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.â First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

âAll the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.â

âFavorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.â

âThe worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter â burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

âThe best part of the fair is going home.â

âThe best part really is that itâs like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each otherâs weddings. This is a home for all of us.â

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, itâs name is Eve and itâs five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

âmy favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.â

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

âMy favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.â

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

âI love the goat family here because they are crazyâfun.â

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

âMy favorite part of the fair is the roller-coastersâ

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager â company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

I stared at the man by Benjamin Jancewicz

Submitted: June 29, 2004

Any more description would be overkill.

I stared at the man, suddenly, shockingly, realizing who he was.

The steam from my breakfast wafted up into my nostrils. 2 hotcakes, tasting more like stainless steal than batter… but that was alright, you could coat them with cheap lard and drown them with artificial maple flavour (with added caramel colour) and they would slide right down.

My pitiful pile of eggs cowered in the corner of my Styrofoam tray; their nutrients whipped away, leaving them flavourless, hidden underneath the dripping residue of whatever my preprocessed sausage patty and biscuit had been cooked in.

I bit into my hashbrown, carefully wrapped in a waxpaper sheath so I could not feel with my fingers the half-cup of oil I was ingesting.

I. I had been degraded to this. I, the strong savage adventurer of the great white north, I, who had survived for days on end what was mine to trap in the bush, I, who had lived with the scent of pines in my breath, who was raised by the Naskapi, who was strengthened by the rich meat of the caribou, Canadian goose and lake trout, I, I had been reduced to this. Scraping greasy mass produced filth off a non-biodegradable platter with a plastic spoon and shoveling it into my mouth. I had been degraded, AND by my own doing.

I stared at the man, suddenly, shockingly, realizing who he was.

I had given into the pressure of the giant yellow magnet (that IS what the M stands for, isn’t it?).

Lured off the road by cheap prices, and their shapely African-American ad model smiling widely and purring thickly “I’m Lovin’ it!”™; I had pulled my car into the lot, ordered my food, and sat down on the sticky red bench to ingest. It was my duty. Doing my part. My four dollars and seven cents was making some fat white man somewhere rich. My four dollars and seven cents (one dollar and thirteen cents of which had actually paid for the price of my food) was robbing some delicate mom & pop breakfast shop of the four dollars and seven cents I could have given them for a decent meal.

I stared at the man, suddenly, shockingly, realizing who he was.

He hunched over a cheap plastic display case of cheap plastic sponsored children’s toys (not suitable for munchkins under 3) smiling. He smiled down at me, his wide hips emblazoned with the logo and tilted off to one side gauntly. Green signs displaying new salads (in a meager attempt fluttered over his shock of a red afro in the artificial breeze of the air conditioners. His shoes were the same, but now they had been spray painted bright red and garnished with bright yellow laces to match his striped socks. The shoes were no longer a coal-stained brown, no longer had holes big enough to drive a train through, but were still the same shoes. His nose had a spot of red on it, carefully placed to make it seem larger, wider, flatter. His eyes, (though tear stained; his mascara running down his face) sparkled. And his lips. His lips were huge. Shockingly red, they took up over half his face with a monstrous grin.

I stared at the man, suddenly, shockingly, realizing WHO HE WAS.

I got up.

Of course, now they had painted his face white, an ironic mockery making everything ok.

The elderly silvered man with the Windex spray bottle squirted my table as I headed toward the door, and he gave it a swipe with his disposable towel. I threw my tray in the trash, along with all the rest of the evidence of McHotcakes, McHashbrowns, McEggs, McSausage and the Homogenized, Ultra-Pasteurized, Vitamin A&D added McMilk.

And with it’s “Thank You” flap swinging mockingly, the trash can caused me to shiver with what it wore as a crown. The future was before my very eyes, sitting regally next to the mud-brown used trays. A single cup half-empty of watered down Coke. The African American ad woman stood plastered on the side with her African American daughter smiling. And around them, in every language and alphabet one could read the prophetic words: “I’m Lovin’ it!”.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

1

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

Pasteurized by Snapshotie48

2 10

Got Milk?

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

State Fair by Don Hudson

Tom Stevens

Kamerin 20

Kyler 16

Jeffery 10

Point N’ Thyme Farm

pntntyme@yahoo.com

Jordan, NY 13080

631-766-9508

www.PointNThyme.com

Foxglove Farm

Aquebogue, NY

L.I. Scapegoats

Maribeth Andersen

631.255.3161

Foxglve10@gmail.com

Martha Adams

madaafool@hotmail.com

Shannon

Vice President of Ney York state Dairy Goat Breeders Association

Certified milk tester for NYS

Show chairman for NYSDGBA

Registered operating room nurse for Syracuse Ortho Specialists SOS

Judged the youth 4-H fitting and showmanship class @ NYS Fair

Won her first goat at 8 by writing a 300 word essay on how she would care for it.

“I remember being in the car and getting butterflies when I saw the fairgrounds exit.” First started to really talk to Tom in their early 20s, they had started to date long distance while she was in nursing school in AZ. When Tom had his accident they began to speak more and more. She came up to help take care of him after one of his surgeries to rebuild his ears. She stayed at his families house for a week after the surgery to take care of him. That was a defining moment in their relationship. After she graduated she moved to Syracuse. Her and Tom bought his parents farm, the same house she had stayed to take care of him. They still live there to this day.

“All the goats have their own personalities, some I hate and some I love. I can just look at them and tell if something is wrong.”

“Favorite thing at the fair is walking around, people watching, there is always something new to see.”

“The worst part of the fair is leaving, and saying good-buy to the whole goat barn family until next year.

Tom

Prison guard at a maximum security facility for NYS Auburn

He does all of our hay yearly, cut, bail, stacking

He does a lot of the milking and chores in the am

Fixing all the things that break, builds things

Volunteer firefighter – burned over 28% over body, 22 surgeries

First remembers Shannon walking in the goat barn when he was 11 or 12.

Hates goats

“The best part of the fair is going home.”

“The best part really is that it’s like a family reunion with our goat family, some of us come from Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina. We all grew up together. We were in each other’s weddings. This is a home for all of us.”

Kamerin 20

Works at Barber Welding as a welder fabricator

Was the first in the family to get a Lamancha goat, it’s name is Eve and it’s five years old.

The fair is his vacation of choice

Girlfriend breeds Huskies and Great Pyrenees

Plans to go work in North Carolina fabricating and welding oil platforms

“my favorite part of the fair is sitting outside the goat barn with the rest of the goat family and watching people pass by as we do our pranks.”

Kyler 16

Track, cross-country, basketball, lifeguard. Works at an apple orchard working in the store front. Taking college courses, is on her high-school honor roll.

Enjoys jumping horses

“My favorite part of the fair is hanging out with my friends.”

Might raise goats when she is older, but would rather raise horses

“I love the goat family here because they are crazy—fun.”

Jeffery 10

Is a quarterback on his football team, also plays lacrosse, wrestling and basketball. But does not want to play baseball again.

His girlfriend is Piper Mcallister, age 10, they met when they first met when they were 4 in the goat barn. Both of their families show goats each year at the fair.

“My favorite part of the fair is the roller-coasters”

Does not want to raise goats when he grows up

Favorite part about being at the goat barn is pranking people

Pranks include:

Gluing money to the ground, putting someone in a large stuffed prize and scaring people, putting someone in a large box or can and, with a cell phone, telling them which way to walk to scare people, using a fake spider or a snake on a piece of fishing string to pull or drop in front of people.

Goats

Peppermint

Dairy Goats

Milk to feed baby goats

Must pasteurize milk to stop to spread of CAE Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis. AIDS like virus for goats that is spread though bodily fluids.

Breads Lamancha and Alpine dairy goats

They use also raise and show draft horses

Brittany Smith

Met the Stevens 10 years ago at the fair. Started coming to the fair each year with extend family, who also show goats. Started watching/ babysitting all the kids in the barn during the fair while the parents handled the show.

Works at Wellfleet as an account manager – company provides student health care to universities/ colleges.

#AlexandreFamilyFarms #Organic #Milk by Σταύρος

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