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A pilot prepares the cockpit of his CF-18 Hornet before his next mission during Operation IMPACT in Kuwait, on February 8, 2015.
Photo: Canadian Forces Combat Camera, DND
IS01-2015-0002-057
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Un pilote prépare le cockpit de son CF18 Hornet avant de partir en mission au cours de l’opération Impact le 8 février 2015, au Koweït.
Photo : Caméra de combat des Forces canadiennes, MDN
IS01-2015-0002-057
HMCS MONTREAL conducts a Heavy Jackstay with Motor Vessel (MV) ASTERIX during Operation PROJECTION on 4 May 2023.
Photo by: Cpl Connor Bennett, Canadian Armed Forces photo
Le NCSM MONTREAL effectue un transbordement par va et vient de charges lourdes avec le navire à moteur (NM) ASTERIX au cours de l’opération PROJECTION, le 4 mai 2023.
Photo : Cpl Connor Bennett, Forces armées canadiennes
A Royal Canadian Air Force CC-177 Globemaster from 429 Transport Squadron based at 8 Wing Trenton, Ontario, delivers a Leopard 2A4 main battle tank to Poland on April 10, 2023, as a part of Canada's commitment to donate Leopard II tanks to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Photo by: Corporal Marco Tijam, Operation UNIFIER, Canadian Armed Forces photo
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Un CC-177 Globemaster de l’Aviation royale canadienne provenant du 429e Escadron de transport de la 8e Escadre Trenton, en Ontario, livre un char de combat principal Leopard 2A4 en Pologne le 10 avril 2023, dans le cadre de l’engagement du Canada à donner des chars Leopard II aux forces armées de l’Ukraine.
Photo : Caporal Marco Tijam, opération UNIFIER, Forces armées canadiennes
A Royal Canadian Navy member aboard HMCS HARRY DEWOLF prepares a C6 machine gun before proceeding to a Target of Interest interception while on a drug trafficking interdiction mission during Operation CARIBBE in the East Pacific Ocean, November 8, 2021.
Please credit: Canadian Armed Forces Photo
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Un membre de la Marine royale canadien à bord du NCSM HARRY DEWOLF prépare une mitrailleuse C6 avant de procéder à l’interception d’une cible d’intérêt lors d’une mission de lutte contre le trafic de drogues au cours de l’opération CARIBBE, dans le Pacifique Est, le 8 novembre 2021.
Photo : Forces armées canadiennes
While sailing as part of Standing NATO Maritime Group Two, HMCS MONTREAL (top), manoeuvres with Turkish Frigate TCG Barbaros (center), and USS Jason Dunham (bottom), in the Mediterranean Sea during Operation REASSURANCE on March 31, 2022.
Photo by: Corporal Braden Trudeau, Canadian Armed Forces photo
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Naviguant au sein du 2e Groupe maritime permanent de l’OTAN, le NCSM MONTREAL (en haut) effectue des manœuvres avec la frégate turque TCG Barbaros (au centre) et l’USS Jason Dunham (en bas), dans la Méditerranée, au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 31 mars 2022.
Photo : Caporal Braden Trudeau, Forces armées canadiennes
The embarked CH-124 Sea King helicopter onboard Her Majesty's Canadian Ship (HMCS) FREDERICTON performs flight operations during Operation REASSURANCE on February 26, 2016.
Photo: Corporal Anthony Chand, Formation Imagery Services
HS2016-A034-009
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L’hélicoptère CH-124 Sea King embarqué du Navire canadien de Sa Majesté (NCSM) FREDERICTON effectue des opérations aériennes au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 26 février 2016.
Photo : Caporal Anthony Chand, Services d’imagerie de la formation
HS2016-A034-009
Sailors from HMCS FREDERICTON hoist a Zodiac after successfully completing a person-overboard exercise in the Mediterranean Sea as part of Operation REASSURANCE on 12 February 2023.
Please credit: Cpl Noé Marchon, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
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Des marins du NCSM FREDERICTON remontent un zodiac à bord du navire après avoir terminé avec succès un exercice de récupération d’un homme à la mer dans la Méditerranée, au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 12 février 2023.
Photo : Cpl Noé Marchon, Forces armées canadiennes
Sailor First Class Gregory Curry demonstrates to other sailors of HMCS FREDERICTON the proper weapon handling for the C8 carbine rifle as part of a training in the Mediterranean Sea during Operation REASSURANCE, on 08 April 2023.
Please credit: Cpl Noé Marchon, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
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Le matelot de 1re classe Gregory Curry montre à d’autres marins du NCSM FREDERICTON la bonne façon de manier la carabine C8 au cours d’une instruction menée pendant l’opération REASSURANCE, dans la mer Méditerranée, le 8 avril 2023.
Photo : Cpl Noé Marchon, photo des Forces armées canadiennes
HMCS HARRY DEWOLF seen from a Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB) near Crocker Bay, Nunavut, during Operation NANOOK-NUNAKPUT, August 21, 2021.
Photo by Corporal Simon Arcand, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
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Photo du NCSM HARRY DEWOLF vu depuis une embarcation pneumatique à coque rigide, près de la baie de Crocker, au Nunavut, au cours de l’opération NANOOK-NUNAKPUT, le 21 août 2021.
Photo : Caporal Simon Arcand, Forces armées canadiennes
A member from Alpha Company (A Coy), 1 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry performs Test of Elementary Training (TOET) (weapon proficiency) on an M203 40 millimetre grenade launcher in Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area, Poland during Operation REASSURANCE, October 19, 2016.
Photo: Cpl Jay Ekin, Operation REASSURANCE Land Task Force Imagery Technician
RP006-2016-0026-002
Members of the Naval Boarding Party team train in close quarters combat drills during a simulated exercise aboard HMCS MONTREAL, while deployed on Operation REASSURANCE, in the Mediterranean Sea on March 10, 2022.
Please credit: Corporal Braden Trudeau, Canadian Armed Forces photo
Her Majesty's Canadian Ship (HMCS) CHARLOTTETOWN’s rigid hull inflatable boat is put through it’s paces during high speed manoeuvres as the ship’s Enhanced Naval Boarding Party (ENBP) prepares to board Polish Navy Ship ORP GEN. KOSCIUSZKO in the Black Sea during Operation REASSURANCE, August 2, 2016.
Photo: Cpl Blaine Sewell, Formation Imagery Services
RP10-2016-0033-010
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L’embarcation pneumatique à coque rigide du Navire canadien de Sa Majesté (NCSM) CHARLOTTETOWN est mise à l’épreuve lors de manœuvres à haute vitesse, alors que l’Équipe d’arraisonnement des navires renforcée s’apprête à monter à bord du navire ORP GEN. KOSCIUSZKO de la marine polonaise, dans la mer Noire, au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 2 août 2016.
Photo : Cpl Blaine Sewell, Services d’imagerie de la formation
RP10-2016-0033-010
Photo has been digitally altered for operational security.
A Hammerhead Unmanned Surface Vehicle Target is destroyed as part of a weapons firing exercise during Operation CARIBBE in the East Pacific Ocean on November 23, 2021.
Please credit: Canadian Armed Forces Photo
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L’image a été modifiée numériquement pour des raisons de sécurité opérationnelle.
Un véhicule de surface sans équipage Hammerhead est détruit dans le cadre d’un exercice de tir au cours de l’opération CARIBBE, dans le Pacifique Est, le 23 novembre 2021.
Photo : Forces armées canadiennes
Members of the Irish Guards march with Seamus, the Irish Wolfhound during the coronation of His Majesty King Charles III during Operation GOLDEN ORB in London, United Kingdom on May 6, 2023.
Photo: Master Corporal Matthew Tower, Canadian Forces Combat Camera, Canadian Forces Photo
Des membres de la garde irlandaise défilent avec Seamus, le lévrier irlandais, lors du couronnement de Sa Majesté le roi Charles III au cours de l’opération GOLDEN ORB à Londres, au Royaume Uni, le 6 mai 2023.
Photo : Caporal-chef Matthew Tower, Caméra de combat des Forces canadiennes, Forces armées canadiennes
Two Royal Canadian Air Force CF-188 Hornets taxi prior to taking off for the flight back to 4 Wing Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada from Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base at the end of Operation REASSURANCE Air Task Force - Romania on December 1, 2021.
Please credit: Aviator Avery Philpott, 4 Wing Imaging, Canadian Armed Forces photo
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Deux CF-188 Hornet de l’Aviation royale canadienne roulent sur la piste avant de décoller de la base aérienne Mihail Kogalniceanu pour effectuer le vol de retour vers la 4e Escadre Cold Lake en Alberta, au Canada, à la fin des activités de la Force opérationnelle aérienne en Roumanie dans le cadre de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 1er décembre 2021.
Photo : Aviateur Avery Philpott, Services d’imagerie de la 4e Escadre, Forces armées canadiennes
New York Army National Guard members, with Brookhaven Highway Department workers, assemble barricades in a SUNY Stony Brook parking lot in Stony Brook, N.Y., March 17, 2020. The barricades are set up to create lanes for cars at a drive-thru swab collection location as part of the multi-agency response to COVID-19. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Airman Sean Madden)
A Dive Task Force member and a Canadian Ranger from 1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group observe the dive operations during Operation NANOOK-NUNALIVUT in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut on March 7, 2023.
Photo by: Corporal Antoine Brochu, Assistant Deputy Minister (Public Affairs), Canadian Armed Forces Photo
Un membre de la Force opérationnelle de plongée et un membre du 1er Groupe de patrouille de Rangers canadiens observent le déroulement des opérations de plongée au cours de l’opération NANOOK-NUNALIVUT, à Rankin Inlet, au Nunavut, le 7 mars 2023.
Photo : Caporal Antoine Brochu, Sous-ministre adjoint (Affaires publiques), Forces armées canadiennes
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamish_Museum
Beamish Museum is the first regional open-air museum, in England, located at Beamish, near the town of Stanley, in County Durham, England. Beamish pioneered the concept of a living museum. By displaying duplicates or replaceable items, it was also an early example of the now commonplace practice of museums allowing visitors to touch objects.
The museum's guiding principle is to preserve an example of everyday life in urban and rural North East England at the climax of industrialisation in the early 20th century. Much of the restoration and interpretation is specific to the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, together with portions of countryside under the influence of industrial revolution from 1825. On its 350 acres (140 ha) estate it uses a mixture of translocated, original and replica buildings, a large collection of artefacts, working vehicles and equipment, as well as livestock and costumed interpreters.
The museum has received a number of awards since it opened to visitors in 1972 and has influenced other living museums. It is an educational resource, and also helps to preserve some traditional and rare north-country livestock breeds.
History
Genesis
In 1958, days after starting as director of the Bowes Museum, inspired by Scandinavian folk museums, and realising the North East's traditional industries and communities were disappearing, Frank Atkinson presented a report to Durham County Council urging that a collection of items of everyday history on a large scale should begin as soon as possible, so that eventually an open air museum could be established. As well as objects, Atkinson was also aiming to preserve the region's customs and dialect. He stated the new museum should "attempt to make the history of the region live" and illustrate the way of life of ordinary people. He hoped the museum would be run by, be about and exist for the local populace, desiring them to see the museum as theirs, featuring items collected from them.
Fearing it was now almost too late, Atkinson adopted a policy of "unselective collecting" — "you offer it to us and we will collect it." Donations ranged in size from small items to locomotives and shops, and Atkinson initially took advantage of a surplus of space available in the 19th-century French chateau-style building housing the Bowes Museum to store items donated for the open air museum. With this space soon filled, a former British Army tank depot at Brancepeth was taken over, although in just a short time its entire complement of 22 huts and hangars had been filled, too.
In 1966, a working party was established to set up a museum "for the purpose of studying, collecting, preserving and exhibiting buildings, machinery, objects and information illustrating the development of industry and the way of life of the north of England", and it selected Beamish Hall, having been vacated by the National Coal Board, as a suitable location.
Establishment and expansion
In August 1970, with Atkinson appointed as its first full-time director together with three staff members, the museum was first established by moving some of the collections into the hall. In 1971, an introductory exhibition, "Museum in the Making" opened at the hall.
The museum was opened to visitors on its current site for the first time in 1972, with the first translocated buildings (the railway station and colliery winding engine) being erected the following year. The first trams began operating on a short demonstration line in 1973. The Town station was formally opened in 1976, the same year the reconstruction of the colliery winding engine house was completed, and the miners' cottages were relocated. Opening of the drift mine as an exhibit followed in 1979.
In 1975 the museum was visited by the Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and by Anne, Princess Royal, in 2002. In 2006, as the Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, The Duke of Kent visited, to open the town masonic lodge.
With the Co-op having opened in 1984, the town area was officially opened in 1985. The pub had opened in the same year, with Ravensworth Terrace having been reconstructed from 1980 to 1985. The newspaper branch office had also been built in the mid-1980s. Elsewhere, the farm on the west side of the site (which became Home Farm) opened in 1983. The present arrangement of visitors entering from the south was introduced in 1986.
At the beginning of the 1990s, further developments in the Pit Village were opened, the chapel in 1990, and the board school in 1992. The whole tram circle was in operation by 1993.[8] Further additions to the Town came in 1994 with the opening of the sweet shop and motor garage, followed by the bank in 1999. The first Georgian component of the museum arrived when Pockerley Old Hall opened in 1995, followed by the Pockerley Waggonway in 2001.
In the early 2000s two large modern buildings were added, to augment the museum's operations and storage capacity - the Regional Resource Centre on the west side opened in 2001, followed by the Regional Museums Store next to the railway station in 2002. Due to its proximity, the latter has been cosmetically presented as Beamish Waggon and Iron Works. Additions to display areas came in the form of the Masonic lodge (2006) and the Lamp Cabin in the Colliery (2009). In 2010, the entrance building and tea rooms were refurbished.
Into the 2010s, further buildings were added - the fish and chip shop (opened 2011)[28] band hall (opened 2013) and pit pony stables (built 2013/14) in the Pit Village, plus a bakery (opened 2013) and chemist and photographers (opened 2016) being added to the town. St Helen's Church, in the Georgian landscape, opened in November 2015.
Remaking Beamish
A major development, named 'Remaking Beamish', was approved by Durham County Council in April 2016, with £10.7m having been raised from the Heritage Lottery Fund and £3.3m from other sources.
As of September 2022, new exhibits as part of this project have included a quilter's cottage, a welfare hall, 1950s terrace, recreation park, bus depot, and 1950s farm (all discussed in the relevant sections of this article). The coming years will see replicas of aged miners' homes from South Shields, a cinema from Ryhope, and social housing will feature a block of four relocated Airey houses, prefabricated concrete homes originally designed by Sir Edwin Airey, which previously stood in Kibblesworth. Then-recently vacated and due for demolition, they were instead offered to the museum by The Gateshead Housing Company and accepted in 2012.
Museum site
The approximately 350-acre (1.4 km2) current site, once belonging to the Eden and Shafto families, is a basin-shaped steep-sided valley with woodland areas, a river, some level ground and a south-facing aspect.
Visitors enter the site through an entrance arch formed by a steam hammer, across a former opencast mining site and through a converted stable block (from Greencroft, near Lanchester, County Durham).
Visitors can navigate the site via assorted marked footpaths, including adjacent (or near to) the entire tramway oval. According to the museum, it takes 20 minutes to walk at a relaxed pace from the entrance to the town. The tramway oval serves as both an exhibit and as a free means of transport around the site for visitors, with stops at the entrance (south), Home Farm (west), Pockerley (east) and the Town (north). Visitors can also use the museum's buses as a free form of transport between various parts of the museum. Although visitors can also ride on the Town railway and Pockerley Waggonway, these do not form part of the site's transport system (as they start and finish from the same platforms).
Governance
Beamish was the first English museum to be financed and administered by a consortium of county councils (Cleveland, Durham, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear) The museum is now operated as a registered charity, but continues to receive support from local authorities - Durham County Council, Sunderland City Council, Gateshead Council, South Tyneside Council and North Tyneside Council. The supporting Friends of Beamish organisation was established in 1968. Frank Atkinson retired as director in 1987. The museum has been 96% self-funding for some years (mainly from admission charges).
Sections of the museum
1913
The town area, officially opened in 1985, depicts chiefly Victorian buildings in an evolved urban setting of 1913.
Tramway
The Beamish Tramway is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long, with four passing loops. The line makes a circuit of the museum site forming an important element of the visitor transportation system.
The first trams began operating on a short demonstration line in 1973, with the whole circle in operation by 1993.[8] It represents the era of electric powered trams, which were being introduced to meet the needs of growing towns and cities across the North East from the late 1890s, replacing earlier horse drawn systems.
Bakery
Presented as Joseph Herron, Baker & Confectioner, the bakery was opened in 2013 and features working ovens which produce food for sale to visitors. A two-storey curved building, only the ground floor is used as the exhibit. A bakery has been included to represent the new businesses which sprang up to cater for the growing middle classes - the ovens being of the modern electric type which were growing in use. The building was sourced from Anfield Plain (which had a bakery trading as Joseph Herron), and was moved to Beamish in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The frontage features a stained glass from a baker's shop in South Shields. It also uses fittings from Stockton-on-Tees.
Motor garage
Presented as Beamish Motor & Cycle Works, the motor garage opened in 1994. Reflecting the custom nature of the early motor trade, where only one in 232 people owned a car in 1913, the shop features a showroom to the front (not accessible to visitors), with a garage area to the rear, accessed via the adjacent archway. The works is a replica of a typical garage of the era. Much of the museum's car, motorcycle and bicycle collection, both working and static, is stored in the garage. The frontage has two storeys, but the upper floor is only a small mezzanine and is not used as part of the display.
Department Store
Presented as the Annfield Plain Industrial Co-operative Society Ltd, (but more commonly referred to as the Anfield Plain Co-op Store) this department store opened in 1984, and was relocated to Beamish from Annfield Plain in County Durham. The Annfield Plain co-operative society was originally established in 1870, with the museum store stocking various products from the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS), established 1863. A two-storey building, the ground floor comprises the three departments - grocery, drapery and hardware; the upper floor is taken up by the tea rooms (accessed from Redman Park via a ramp to the rear). Most of the items are for display only, but a small amount of goods are sold to visitors. The store features an operational cash carrier system, of the Lamson Cash Ball design - common in many large stores of the era, but especially essential to Co-ops, where customer's dividends had to be logged.
Ravensworth Terrace
Ravensworth Terrace is a row of terraced houses, presented as the premises and living areas of various professionals. Representing the expanding housing stock of the era, it was relocated from its original site on Bensham Bank, having been built for professionals and tradesmen between 1830 and 1845. Original former residents included painter John Wilson Carmichael and Gateshead mayor Alexander Gillies. Originally featuring 25 homes, the terrace was to be demolished when the museum saved it in the 1970s, reconstructing six of them on the Town site between 1980 and 1985. They are two storey buildings, with most featuring display rooms on both floors - originally the houses would have also housed a servant in the attic. The front gardens are presented in a mix of the formal style, and the natural style that was becoming increasingly popular.
No. 2 is presented as the home of Miss Florence Smith, a music teacher, with old fashioned mid-Victorian furnishings as if inherited from her parents. No. 3 & 4 is presented as the practice and home respectively (with a knocked through door) of dentist J. Jones - the exterior nameplate having come from the surgery of Mr. J. Jones in Hartlepool. Representing the state of dental health at the time, it features both a check-up room and surgery for extraction, and a technicians room for creating dentures - a common practice at the time being the giving to daughters a set on their 21st birthday, to save any future husband the cost at a later date. His home is presented as more modern than No.2, furnished in the Edwardian style the modern day utilities of an enamelled bathroom with flushing toilet, a controllable heat kitchen range and gas cooker. No. 5 is presented as a solicitor's office, based on that of Robert Spence Watson, a Quaker from Newcastle. Reflecting the trade of the era, downstairs is laid out as the partner's or principal office, and the general or clerk's office in the rear. Included is a set of books sourced from ER Hanby Holmes, who practised in Barnard Castle.
Pub
Presented as The Sun Inn, the pub opened in the town in 1985. It had originally stood in Bondgate in Bishop Auckland, and was donated to the museum by its final owners, the Scottish and Newcastle Breweries. Originally a "one-up one down" cottage, the earliest ownership has been traced to James Thompson, on 21 January 1806. Known as The Tiger Inn until the 1850s, from 1857 to 1899 under the ownership of the Leng family, it flourished under the patronage of miners from Newton Cap and other collieries. Latterly run by Elsie Edes, it came under brewery ownership in the 20th Century when bought by S&N antecedent, James Deuchar Ltd. The pub is fully operational, and features both a front and back bar, the two stories above not being part of the exhibit. The interior decoration features the stuffed racing greyhound Jake's Bonny Mary, which won nine trophies before being put on display in The Gerry in White le Head near Tantobie.
Town stables
Reflecting the reliance on horses for a variety of transport needs in the era, the town features a centrally located stables, situated behind the sweet shop, with its courtyard being accessed from the archway next to the pub. It is presented as a typical jobmaster's yard, with stables and a tack room in the building on its north side. A small, brick built open air, carriage shed is sited on the back of the printworks building. On the east side of the courtyard is a much larger metal shed (utilising iron roof trusses from Fleetwood), arranged mainly as carriage storage, but with a blacksmith's shop in the corner. The building on the west side of the yard is not part of any display. The interior fittings for the harness room came from Callaly Caste. Many of the horses and horse-drawn vehicles used by the museum are housed in the stables and sheds.
Printer, stationer and newspaper branch office
Presented as the Beamish Branch Office of the Northern Daily Mail and the Sunderland Daily Echo, the two storey replica building was built in the mid-1980s and represents the trade practices of the era. Downstairs, on the right, is the branch office, where newspapers would be sold directly and distributed to local newsagents and street vendors, and where orders for advertising copy would be taken. Supplementing it is a stationer's shop on the left hand side, with both display items and a small number of gift items on public sale. Upstairs is a jobbing printers workshop, which would not produce the newspapers, but would instead print leaflets, posters and office stationery. Split into a composing area and a print shop, the shop itself has a number of presses - a Columbian built in 1837 by Clymer and Dixon, an Albion dating back to 1863, an Arab Platen of c. 1900, and a Wharfedale flat bed press, built by Dawson & Son in around 1870. Much of the machinery was sourced from the print works of Jack Ascough's of Barnard Castle. Many of the posters seen around the museum are printed in the works, with the operation of the machinery being part of the display.
Sweet shop
Presented as Jubilee Confectioners, the two storey sweet shop opened in 1994 and is meant to represent the typical family run shops of the era, with living quarters above the shop (the second storey not being part of the display). To the front of the ground floor is a shop, where traditional sweets and chocolate (which was still relatively expensive at the time) are sold to visitors, while in the rear of the ground floor is a manufacturing area where visitors can view the techniques of the time (accessed via the arched walkway on the side of the building). The sweet rollers were sourced from a variety of shops and factories.
Bank
Presented as a branch of Barclays Bank (Barclay & Company Ltd) using period currency, the bank opened in 1999. It represents the trend of the era when regional banks were being acquired and merged into national banks such as Barclays, formed in 1896. Built to a three-storey design typical of the era, and featuring bricks in the upper storeys sourced from Park House, Gateshead, the Swedish imperial red shade used on the ground floor frontage is intended to represent stability and security. On the ground floor are windows for bank tellers, plus the bank manager's office. Included in a basement level are two vaults. The upper two storeys are not part of the display. It features components sourced from Southport and Gateshead
Masonic Hall
The Masonic Hall opened in 2006, and features the frontage from a former masonic hall sited in Park Terrace, Sunderland. Reflecting the popularity of the masons in North East England, as well as the main hall, which takes up the full height of the structure, in a small two story arrangement to the front of the hall is also a Robing Room and the Tyler's Room on the ground floor, and a Museum Room upstairs, featuring display cabinets of masonic regalia donated from various lodges. Upstairs is also a class room, with large stained glass window.
Chemist and photographer
Presented as W Smith's Chemist and JR & D Edis Photographers, a two-storey building housing both a chemist and photographers shops under one roof opened on 7 May 2016 and represents the growing popularity of photography in the era, with shops often growing out of or alongside chemists, who had the necessary supplies for developing photographs. The chemist features a dispensary, and equipment from various shops including John Walker, inventor of the friction match. The photographers features a studio, where visitors can dress in period costume and have a photograph taken. The corner building is based on a real building on Elvet Bridge in Durham City, opposite the Durham Marriot Hotel (the Royal County), although the second storey is not part of the display. The chemist also sells aerated water (an early form of carbonated soft drinks) to visitors, sold in marble-stopper sealed Codd bottles (although made to a modern design to prevent the safety issue that saw the original bottles banned). Aerated waters grew in popularity in the era, due to the need for a safe alternative to water, and the temperance movement - being sold in chemists due to the perception they were healthy in the same way mineral waters were.
Costing around £600,000 and begun on 18 August 2014, the building's brickwork and timber was built by the museum's own staff and apprentices, using Georgian bricks salvaged from demolition works to widen the A1. Unlike previous buildings built on the site, the museum had to replicate rather than relocate this one due to the fact that fewer buildings are being demolished compared to the 1970s, and in any case it was deemed unlikely one could be found to fit the curved shape of the plot. The studio is named after a real business run by John Reed Edis and his daughter Daisy. Mr Edis, originally at 27 Sherburn Road, Durham, in 1895, then 52 Saddler Street from 1897. The museum collection features several photographs, signs and equipment from the Edis studio. The name for the chemist is a reference to the business run by William Smith, who relocated to Silver Street, near the original building, in 1902. According to records, the original Edis company had been supplied by chemicals from the original (and still extant) Smith business.
Redman Park
Redman Park is a small lawned space with flower borders, opposite Ravensworth Terrace. Its centrepiece is a Victorian bandstand sourced from Saltwell Park, where it stood on an island in the middle of a lake. It represents the recognised need of the time for areas where people could relax away from the growing industrial landscape.
Other
Included in the Town are drinking fountains and other period examples of street furniture. In between the bank and the sweet shop is a combined tram and bus waiting room and public convenience.
Unbuilt
When construction of the Town began, the projected town plan incorporated a market square and buildings including a gas works, fire station, ice cream parlour (originally the Central Cafe at Consett), a cast iron bus station from Durham City, school, public baths and a fish and chip shop.
Railway station
East of the Town is the Railway Station, depicting a typical small passenger and goods facility operated by the main railway company in the region at the time, the North Eastern Railway (NER). A short running line extends west in a cutting around the north side of the Town itself, with trains visible from the windows of the stables. It runs for a distance of 1⁄4 mile - the line used to connect to the colliery sidings until 1993 when it was lifted between the town and the colliery so that the tram line could be extended. During 2009 the running line was relaid so that passenger rides could recommence from the station during 2010.
Rowley station
Representing passenger services is Rowley Station, a station building on a single platform, opened in 1976, having been relocated to the museum from the village of Rowley near Consett, just a few miles from Beamish.
The original Rowley railway station was opened in 1845 (as Cold Rowley, renamed Rowley in 1868) by the NER antecedent, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, consisting of just a platform. Under NER ownership, as a result of increasing use, in 1873 the station building was added. As demand declined, passenger service was withdrawn in 1939, followed by the goods service in 1966. Trains continued to use the line for another three years before it closed, the track being lifted in 1970. Although in a state of disrepair, the museum acquired the building, dismantling it in 1972, being officially unveiled in its new location by railway campaigner and poet, Sir John Betjeman.
The station building is presented as an Edwardian station, lit by oil lamp, having never been connected to gas or electricity supplies in its lifetime. It features both an open waiting area and a visitor accessible waiting room (western half), and a booking and ticket office (eastern half), with the latter only visible from a small viewing entrance. Adorning the waiting room is a large tiled NER route map.
Signal box
The signal box dates from 1896, and was relocated from Carr House East near Consett. It features assorted signalling equipment, basic furnishings for the signaller, and a lever frame, controlling the stations numerous points, interlocks and semaphore signals. The frame is not an operational part of the railway, the points being hand operated using track side levers. Visitors can only view the interior from a small area inside the door.
Goods shed
The goods shed is originally from Alnwick. The goods area represents how general cargo would have been moved on the railway, and for onward transport. The goods shed features a covered platform where road vehicles (wagons and carriages) can be loaded with the items unloaded from railway vans. The shed sits on a triangular platform serving two sidings, with a platform mounted hand-crane, which would have been used for transhipment activity (transfer of goods from one wagon to another, only being stored for a short time on the platform, if at all).
Coal yard
The coal yard represents how coal would have been distributed from incoming trains to local merchants - it features a coal drop which unloads railway wagons into road going wagons below. At the road entrance to the yard is a weighbridge (with office) and coal merchant's office - both being appropriately furnished with display items, but only viewable from outside.
The coal drop was sourced from West Boldon, and would have been a common sight on smaller stations. The weighbridge came from Glanton, while the coal office is from Hexham.
Bridges and level crossing
The station is equipped with two footbridges, a wrought iron example to the east having come from Howden-le-Wear, and a cast iron example to the west sourced from Dunston. Next to the western bridge, a roadway from the coal yard is presented as crossing the tracks via a gated level crossing (although in reality the road goes nowhere on the north side).
Waggon and Iron Works
Dominating the station is the large building externally presented as Beamish Waggon and Iron Works, estd 1857. In reality this is the Regional Museums Store (see below), although attached to the north side of the store are two covered sidings (not accessible to visitors), used to service and store the locomotives and stock used on the railway.
Other
A corrugated iron hut adjacent to the 'iron works' is presented as belonging to the local council, and houses associated road vehicles, wagons and other items.
Fairground
Adjacent to the station is an events field and fairground with a set of Frederick Savage built steam powered Gallopers dating from 1893.
Colliery
Presented as Beamish Colliery (owned by James Joicey & Co., and managed by William Severs), the colliery represents the coal mining industry which dominated the North East for generations - the museum site is in the former Durham coalfield, where 165,246 men and boys worked in 304 mines in 1913. By the time period represented by Beamish's 1900s era, the industry was booming - production in the Great Northern Coalfield had peaked in 1913, and miners were relatively well paid (double that of agriculture, the next largest employer), but the work was dangerous. Children could be employed from age 12 (the school leaving age), but could not go underground until 14.
Deep mine
Reconstructed pitworks buildings showing winding gear
Dominating the colliery site are the above ground structures of a deep (i.e. vertical shaft) mine - the brick built Winding Engine House, and the red painted wooden Heapstead. These were relocated to the museum (which never had its own vertical shaft), the winding house coming from Beamish Chophill Colliery, and the Heapstead from Ravensworth Park Mine in Gateshead. The winding engine and its enclosing house are both listed.
The winding engine was the source of power for hauling miners, equipment and coal up and down the shaft in a cage, the top of the shaft being in the adjacent heapstead, which encloses the frame holding the wheel around which the hoist cable travels. Inside the Heapstead, tubs of coal from the shaft were weighed on a weighbridge, then tipped onto jigging screens, which sifted the solid lumps from small particles and dust - these were then sent along the picking belt, where pickers, often women, elderly or disabled people or young boys (i.e. workers incapable of mining), would separate out unwanted stone, wood and rubbish. Finally, the coal was tipped onto waiting railway wagons below, while the unwanted waste sent to the adjacent heap by an external conveyor.
Chophill Colliery was closed by the National Coal Board in 1962, but the winding engine and tower were left in place. When the site was later leased, Beamish founder Frank Atkinson intervened to have both spot listed to prevent their demolition. After a protracted and difficult process to gain the necessary permissions to move a listed structure, the tower and engine were eventually relocated to the museum, work being completed in 1976. The winding engine itself is the only surviving example of the type which was once common, and was still in use at Chophill upon its closure. It was built in 1855 by J&G Joicey of Newcastle, to an 1800 design by Phineas Crowther.
Inside the winding engine house, supplementing the winding engine is a smaller jack engine, housed in the rear. These were used to lift heavy equipment, and in deep mines, act as a relief winding engine.
Outdoors, next to the Heapstead, is a sinking engine, mounted on red bricks. Brought to the museum from Silksworth Colliery in 1971, it was built by Burlington's of Sunderland in 1868 and is the sole surviving example of its kind. Sinking engines were used for the construction of shafts, after which the winding engine would become the source of hoist power. It is believed the Silksworth engine was retained because it was powerful enough to serve as a backup winding engine, and could be used to lift heavy equipment (i.e. the same role as the jack engine inside the winding house).
Drift mine
The Mahogany Drift Mine is original to Beamish, having opened in 1855 and after closing, was brought back into use in 1921 to transport coal from Beamish Park Drift to Beamish Cophill Colliery. It opened as a museum display in 1979. Included in the display is the winding engine and a short section of trackway used to transport tubs of coal to the surface, and a mine office. Visitor access into the mine shaft is by guided tour.
Lamp cabin
The Lamp Cabin opened in 2009, and is a recreation of a typical design used in collieries to house safety lamps, a necessary piece of equipment for miners although were not required in the Mahogany Drift Mine, due to it being gas-free. The building is split into two main rooms; in one half, the lamp cabin interior is recreated, with a collection of lamps on shelves, and the system of safety tokens used to track which miners were underground. Included in the display is a 1927 Hailwood and Ackroyd lamp-cleaning machine sourced from Morrison Busty Colliery in Annfield Plain. In the second room is an educational display, i.e., not a period interior.
Colliery railways
The colliery features both a standard gauge railway, representing how coal was transported to its onward destination, and narrow-gauge typically used by Edwardian collieries for internal purposes. The standard gauge railway is laid out to serve the deep mine - wagons being loaded by dropping coal from the heapstead - and runs out of the yard to sidings laid out along the northern-edge of the Pit Village.
The standard gauge railway has two engine sheds in the colliery yard, the smaller brick, wood and metal structure being an operational building; the larger brick-built structure is presented as Beamish Engine Works, a reconstruction of an engine shed formerly at Beamish 2nd Pit. Used for locomotive and stock storage, it is a long, single track shed featuring a servicing pit for part of its length. Visitors can walk along the full length in a segregated corridor. A third engine shed in brick (lower half) and corrugated iron has been constructed at the southern end of the yard, on the other side of the heapstead to the other two sheds, and is used for both narrow and standard gauge vehicles (on one road), although it is not connected to either system - instead being fed by low-loaders and used for long-term storage only.
The narrow gauge railway is serviced by a corrugate iron engine shed, and is being expanded to eventually encompass several sidings.
There are a number of industrial steam locomotives (including rare examples by Stephen Lewin from Seaham and Black, Hawthorn & Co) and many chaldron wagons, the region's traditional type of colliery railway rolling stock, which became a symbol of Beamish Museum. The locomotive Coffee Pot No 1 is often in steam during the summer.
Other
On the south eastern corner of the colliery site is the Power House, brought to the museum from Houghton Colliery. These were used to store explosives.
Pit Village
Alongside the colliery is the pit village, representing life in the mining communities that grew alongside coal production sites in the North East, many having come into existence solely because of the industry, such as Seaham Harbour, West Hartlepool, Esh Winning and Bedlington.
Miner's Cottages
The row of six miner's cottages in Francis Street represent the tied-housing provided by colliery owners to mine workers. Relocated to the museum in 1976, they were originally built in the 1860s in Hetton-le-Hole by Hetton Coal Company. They feature the common layout of a single-storey with a kitchen to the rear, the main room of the house, and parlour to the front, rarely used (although it was common for both rooms to be used for sleeping, with disguised folding "dess" beds common), and with children sleeping in attic spaces upstairs. In front are long gardens, used for food production, with associated sheds. An outdoor toilet and coal bunker were in the rear yards, and beyond the cobbled back lane to their rear are assorted sheds used for cultivation, repairs and hobbies. Chalkboard slates attached to the rear wall were used by the occupier to tell the mine's "knocker up" when they wished to be woken for their next shift.
No.2 is presented as a Methodist family's home, featuring good quality "Pitman's mahogany" furniture; No.3 is presented as occupied by a second generation well off Irish Catholic immigrant family featuring many items of value (so they could be readily sold off in times of need) and an early 1890s range; No.3 is presented as more impoverished than the others with just a simple convector style Newcastle oven, being inhabited by a miner's widow allowed to remain as her son is also a miner, and supplementing her income doing laundry and making/mending for other families. All the cottages feature examples of the folk art objects typical of mining communities. Also included in the row is an office for the miner's paymaster.[11] In the rear alleyway of the cottages is a communal bread oven, which were commonplace until miner's cottages gradually obtained their own kitchen ranges. They were used to bake traditional breads such as the Stottie, as well as sweet items, such as tea cakes. With no extant examples, the museum's oven had to be created from photographs and oral history.
School
The school opened in 1992, and represents the typical board school in the educational system of the era (the stone built single storey structure being inscribed with the foundation date of 1891, Beamish School Board), by which time attendance at a state approved school was compulsory, but the leaving age was 12, and lessons featured learning by rote and corporal punishment. The building originally stood in East Stanley, having been set up by the local school board, and would have numbered around 150 pupils. Having been donated by Durham County Council, the museum now has a special relationship with the primary school that replaced it. With separate entrances and cloakrooms for boys and girls at either end, the main building is split into three class rooms (all accessible to visitors), connected by a corridor along the rear. To the rear is a red brick bike shed, and in the playground visitors can play traditional games of the era.
Chapel
Pit Hill Chapel opened in 1990, and represents the Wesleyan Methodist tradition which was growing in North East England, with the chapels used for both religious worship and as community venues, which continue in its role in the museum display. Opened in the 1850s, it originally stood not far from its present site, having been built in what would eventually become Beamish village, near the museum entrance. A stained glass window of The Light of The World by William Holman Hunt came from a chapel in Bedlington. A two handled Love Feast Mug dates from 1868, and came from a chapel in Shildon Colliery. On the eastern wall, above the elevated altar area, is an angled plain white surface used for magic lantern shows, generated using a replica of the double-lensed acetylene gas powered lanterns of the period, mounted in the aisle of the main seating area. Off the western end of the hall is the vestry, featuring a small library and communion sets from Trimdon Colliery and Catchgate.
Fish bar
Presented as Davey's Fried Fish & Chip Potato Restaurant, the fish and chip shop opened in 2011, and represents the typical style of shop found in the era as they were becoming rapidly popular in the region - the brick built Victorian style fryery would most often have previously been used for another trade, and the attached corrugated iron hut serves as a saloon with tables and benches, where customers would eat and socialise. Featuring coal fired ranges using beef-dripping, the shop is named in honour of the last coal fired shop in Tyneside, in Winlaton Mill, and which closed in 2007. Latterly run by brothers Brian and Ramsay Davy, it had been established by their grandfather in 1937. The serving counter and one of the shop's three fryers, a 1934 Nuttal, came from the original Davy shop. The other two fryers are a 1920s Mabbott used near Chester until the 1960s, and a GW Atkinson New Castle Range, donated from a shop in Prudhoe in 1973. The latter is one of only two known late Victorian examples to survive. The decorative wall tiles in the fryery came to the museum in 1979 from Cowes Fish and Game Shop in Berwick upon Tweed. The shop also features both an early electric and hand-powered potato rumblers (cleaners), and a gas powered chip chopper built around 1900. Built behind the chapel, the fryery is arranged so the counter faces the rear, stretching the full length of the building. Outside is a brick built row of outdoor toilets. Supplementing the fish bar is the restored Berriman's mobile chip van, used in Spennymoor until the early 1970s.
Band hall
The Hetton Silver Band Hall opened in 2013, and features displays reflecting the role colliery bands played in mining life. Built in 1912, it was relocated from its original location in South Market Street, Hetton-le-Hole, where it was used by the Hetton Silver Band, founded in 1887. They built the hall using prize money from a music competition, and the band decided to donate the hall to the museum after they merged with Broughtons Brass Band of South Hetton (to form the Durham Miners' Association Brass Band). It is believed to be the only purpose built band hall in the region. The structure consists of the main hall, plus a small kitchen to the rear; as part of the museum it is still used for performances.
Pit pony stables
The Pit Pony Stables were built in 2013/14, and house the museum's pit ponies. They replace a wooden stable a few metres away in the field opposite the school (the wooden structure remaining). It represents the sort of stables that were used in drift mines (ponies in deep mines living their whole lives underground), pit ponies having been in use in the north east as late as 1994, in Ellington Colliery. The structure is a recreation of an original building that stood at Rickless Drift Mine, between High Spen and Greenside; it was built using a yellow brick that was common across the Durham coalfield.
Other
Doubling as one of the museum's refreshment buildings, Sinker's Bait Cabin represents the temporary structures that would have served as living quarters, canteens and drying areas for sinkers, the itinerant workforce that would dig new vertical mine shafts.
Representing other traditional past-times, the village fields include a quoits pitch, with another refreshment hut alongside it, resembling a wooden clubhouse.
In one of the fields in the village stands the Cupola, a small round flat topped brick built tower; such structures were commonly placed on top of disused or ventilation shafts, also used as an emergency exit from the upper seams.
The Georgian North (1825)
A late Georgian landscape based around the original Pockerley farm represents the period of change in the region as transport links were improved and as agriculture changed as machinery and field management developed, and breeding stock was improved. It became part of the museum in 1990, having latterly been occupied by a tenant farmer, and was opened as an exhibit in 1995. The hill top position suggests the site was the location of an Iron Age fort - the first recorded mention of a dwelling is in the 1183 Buke of Boldon (the region's equivalent of the Domesday Book). The name Pockerley has Saxon origins - "Pock" or "Pokor" meaning "pimple of bag-like" hill, and "Ley" meaning woodland clearing.
The surrounding farmlands have been returned to a post-enclosure landscape with ridge and furrow topography, divided into smaller fields by traditional riven oak fencing. The land is worked and grazed by traditional methods and breeds.
Pockerley Old Hall
The estate of Pockerley Old Hall is presented as that of a well off tenant farmer, in a position to take advantage of the agricultural advances of the era. The hall itself consists of the Old House, which is adjoined (but not connected to) the New House, both south facing two storey sandstone built buildings, the Old House also having a small north–south aligned extension. Roof timbers in the sandstone built Old House have been dated to the 1440s, but the lower storey (the undercroft) may be from even earlier. The New House dates to the late 1700s, and replaced a medieval manor house to the east of the Old House as the main farm house - once replaced itself, the Old House is believed to have been let to the farm manager. Visitors can access all rooms in the New and Old House, except the north–south extension which is now a toilet block. Displays include traditional cooking, such as the drying of oatcakes over a wooden rack (flake) over the fireplace in the Old House.
Inside the New House the downstairs consists of a main kitchen and a secondary kitchen (scullery) with pantry. It also includes a living room, although as the main room of the house, most meals would have been eaten in the main kitchen, equipped with an early range, boiler and hot air oven. Upstairs is a main bedroom and a second bedroom for children; to the rear (i.e. the colder, north side), are bedrooms for a servant and the servant lad respectively. Above the kitchen (for transferred warmth) is a grain and fleece store, with attached bacon loft, a narrow space behind the wall where bacon or hams, usually salted first, would be hung to be smoked by the kitchen fire (entering through a small door in the chimney).
Presented as having sparse and more old fashioned furnishings, the Old House is presented as being occupied in the upper story only, consisting of a main room used as the kitchen, bedroom and for washing, with the only other rooms being an adjoining second bedroom and an overhanging toilet. The main bed is an oak box bed dating to 1712, obtained from Star House in Baldersdale in 1962. Originally a defensive house in its own right, the lower level of the Old House is an undercroft, or vaulted basement chamber, with 1.5 metre thick walls - in times of attack the original tenant family would have retreated here with their valuables, although in its later use as the farm managers house, it is now presented as a storage and work room, housing a large wooden cheese press.[68] More children would have slept in the attic of the Old House (not accessible as a display).
To the front of the hall is a terraced garden featuring an ornamental garden with herbs and flowers, a vegetable garden, and an orchard, all laid out and planted according to the designs of William Falla of Gateshead, who had the largest nursery in Britain from 1804 to 1830.
The buildings to the east of the hall, across a north–south track, are the original farmstead buildings dating from around 1800. These include stables and a cart shed arranged around a fold yard. The horses and carts on display are typical of North Eastern farms of the era, Fells or Dales ponies and Cleveland Bay horses, and two wheeled long carts for hilly terrain (as opposed to four wheel carts).
Pockerley Waggonway
The Pockerley Waggonway opened in 2001, and represents the year 1825, as the year the Stockton and Darlington Railway opened. Waggonways had appeared around 1600, and by the 1800s were common in mining areas - prior to 1800 they had been either horse or gravity powered, before the invention of steam engines (initially used as static winding engines), and later mobile steam locomotives.
Housing the locomotives and rolling stock is the Great Shed, which opened in 2001 and is based on Timothy Hackworth's erecting shop, Shildon railway works, and incorporating some material from Robert Stephenson and Company's Newcastle works. Visitors can walk around the locomotives in the shed, and when in steam, can take rides to the end of the track and back in the line's assorted rolling stock - situated next to the Great Shed is a single platform for passenger use. In the corner of the main shed is a corner office, presented as a locomotive designer's office (only visible to visitors through windows). Off the pedestrian entrance in the southern side is a room presented as the engine crew's break room. Atop the Great Shed is a weather vane depicting a waggonway train approaching a cow, a reference to a famous quote by George Stephenson when asked by parliament in 1825 what would happen in such an eventuality - "very awkward indeed - for the coo!".
At the far end of the waggonway is the (fictional) coal mine Pockerley Gin Pit, which the waggonway notionally exists to serve. The pit head features a horse powered wooden whim gin, which was the method used before steam engines for hauling men and material up and down mineshafts - coal was carried in corves (wicker baskets), while miners held onto the rope with their foot in an attached loop.
Wooden waggonway
Following creation of the Pockerley Waggonway, the museum went back a chapter in railway history to create a horse-worked wooden waggonway.
St Helen's Church
St Helen's Church represents a typical type of country church found in North Yorkshire, and was relocated from its original site in Eston, North Yorkshire. It is the oldest and most complex building moved to the museum. It opened in November 2015, but will not be consecrated as this would place restrictions on what could be done with the building under church law.
The church had existed on its original site since around 1100. As the congregation grew, it was replaced by two nearby churches, and latterly became a cemetery chapel. After closing in 1985, it fell into disrepair and by 1996 was burnt out and vandalised leading to the decision by the local authority in 1998 to demolish it. Working to a deadline of a threatened demolition within six months, the building was deconstructed and moved to Beamish, reconstruction being authorised in 2011, with the exterior build completed by 2012.
While the structure was found to contain some stones from the 1100 era, the building itself however dates from three distinct building phases - the chancel on the east end dates from around 1450, while the nave, which was built at the same time, was modernised in 1822 in the Churchwarden style, adding a vestry. The bell tower dates from the late 1600s - one of the two bells is a rare dated Tudor example. Gargoyles, originally hidden in the walls and believed to have been pranks by the original builders, have been made visible in the reconstruction.
Restored to its 1822 condition, the interior has been furnished with Georgian box pews sourced from a church in Somerset. Visitors can access all parts except the bell tower. The nave includes a small gallery level, at the tower end, while the chancel includes a church office.
Joe the Quilter's Cottage
The most recent addition to the area opened to the public in 2018 is a recreation of a heather-thatched cottage which features stones from the Georgian quilter Joseph Hedley's original home in Northumberland. It was uncovered during an archaeological dig by Beamish. His original cottage was demolished in 1872 and has been carefully recreated with the help of a drawing on a postcard. The exhibit tells the story of quilting and the growth of cottage industries in the early 1800s. Within there is often a volunteer or member of staff not only telling the story of how Joe was murdered in 1826, a crime that remains unsolved to this day, but also giving visitors the opportunity to learn more and even have a go at quilting.
Other
A pack pony track passes through the scene - pack horses having been the mode of transport for all manner of heavy goods where no waggonway exists, being also able to reach places where carriages and wagons could not access. Beside the waggonway is a gibbet.
Farm (1940s)
Presented as Home Farm, this represents the role of North East farms as part of the British Home Front during World War II, depicting life indoors, and outside on the land. Much of the farmstead is original, and opened as a museum display in 1983. The farm is laid out across a north–south public road; to the west is the farmhouse and most of the farm buildings, while on the east side are a pair of cottages, the British Kitchen, an outdoor toilet ("netty"), a bull field, duck pond and large shed.
The farm complex was rebuilt in the mid-19th century as a model farm incorporating a horse mill and a steam-powered threshing mill. It was not presented as a 1940s farm until early 2014.
The farmhouse is presented as having been modernised, following the installation of electric power and an Aga cooker in the scullery, although the main kitchen still has the typical coal-fired black range. Lino flooring allowed quicker cleaning times, while a radio set allowed the family to keep up to date with wartime news. An office next to the kitchen would have served both as the administration centre for the wartime farm, and as a local Home Guard office. Outside the farmhouse is an improvised Home Guard pillbox fashioned from half an egg-ended steam boiler, relocated from its original position near Durham.
The farm is equipped with three tractors which would have all seen service during the war: a Case, a Fordson N and a 1924 Fordson F. The farm also features horse-drawn traps, reflecting the effect wartime rationing of petrol would have had on car use. The farming equipment in the cart and machinery sheds reflects the transition of the time from horse-drawn to tractor-pulled implements, with some older equipment put back into use due to the war, as well as a large Foster thresher, vital for cereal crops, and built specifically for the war effort, sold at the Newcastle Show. Although the wartime focus was on crops, the farm also features breeds of sheep, cattle, pigs and poultry that would have been typical for the time. The farm also has a portable steam engine, not in use, but presented as having been left out for collection as part of a wartime scrap metal drive.
The cottages would have housed farm labourers, but are presented as having new uses for the war: Orchard Cottage housing a family of evacuees, and Garden Cottage serving as a billet for members of the Women's Land Army (Land Girls). Orchard Cottage is named for an orchard next to it, which also contains an Anderson shelter, reconstructed from partial pieces of ones recovered from around the region. Orchard Cottage, which has both front and back kitchens, is presented as having an up to date blue enameled kitchen range, with hot water supplied from a coke stove, as well as a modern accessible bathroom. Orchard Cottage is also used to stage recreations of wartime activities for schools, elderly groups and those living with dementia. Garden Cottage is sparsely furnished with a mix of items, reflecting the few possessions Land Girls were able to take with them, although unusually the cottage is depicted with a bathroom, and electricity (due to proximity to a colliery).
The British Kitchen is both a display and one of the museum's catering facilities; it represents an installation of one of the wartime British Restaurants, complete with propaganda posters and a suitably patriotic menu.
Town (1950s)
As part of the Remaking Beamish project, with significant funding from the National Lottery Heritage Fund, the museum is creating a 1950s town. Opened in July 2019, the Welfare Hall is an exact replica of the Leasingthorne Colliery Welfare Hall and Community Centre which was built in 1957 near Bishop Auckland. Visitors can 'take part in activities including dancing, crafts, Meccano, beetle drive, keep fit and amateur dramatics' while also taking a look at the National Health Service exhibition on display, recreating the environment of an NHS clinic. A recreation and play park, named Coronation Park was opened in May 2022 to coincide with the celebrations around the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.
The museum's first 1950s terrace opened in February 2022. This included a fish and chip shop from Middleton St George, a cafe, a replica of Norman Cornish's home, and a hairdressers. Future developments opposite the existing 1950s terrace will see a recreation of The Grand Cinema, from Ryhope, in Sunderland, and toy and electricians shops. Also underdevelopment are a 1950s bowling green and pavilion, police houses and aged miner's cottages. Also under construction are semi-detached houses; for this exhibit, a competition was held to recreate a particular home at Beamish, which was won by a family from Sunderland.
As well as the town, a 1950s Northern bus depot has been opened on the western side of the museum – the purpose of this is to provide additional capacity for bus, trolleybus and tram storage once the planned trolleybus extension and the new area are completed, providing extra capacity and meeting the need for modified routing.
Spain's Field Farm
In March 2022, the museum opened Spain's Field Farm. It had stood for centuries at Eastgate in Weardale, and was moved to Beamish stone-by-stone. It is exhibited as it would have been in the 1950s.
1820s Expansion
In the area surrounding the current Pockerley Old Hall and Steam Wagon Way more development is on the way. The first of these was planned to be a Georgian Coaching Inn that would be the museum's first venture into overnight accommodation. However following the COVID-19 pandemic this was abandoned, in favour of self-catering accommodation in existing cottages.
There are also plans for 1820s industries including a blacksmith's forge and a pottery.
Museum stores
There are two stores on the museum site, used to house donated objects. In contrast to the traditional rotation practice used in museums where items are exchanged regularly between store and display, it is Beamish policy that most of their exhibits are to be in use and on display - those items that must be stored are to be used in the museum's future developments.
Open Store
Housed in the Regional Resource Centre, the Open Store is accessible to visitors. Objects are housed on racks along one wall, while the bulk of items are in a rolling archive, with one set of shelves opened, with perspex across their fronts to permit viewing without touching.
Regional Museums Store
The real purposes of the building presented as Beamish Waggon and Iron Works next to Rowley Station is as the Regional Museums Store, completed in 2002, which Beamish shares with Tyne and Wear Museums. This houses, amongst other things, a large marine diesel engine by William Doxford & Sons of Pallion, Sunderland (1977); and several boats including the Tyne wherry (a traditional local type of lighter) Elswick No. 2 (1930). The store is only open at selected times, and for special tours which can be arranged through the museum; however, a number of viewing windows have been provided for use at other times.
Transport collection
Main article: Beamish Museum transport collection
The museum contains much of transport interest, and the size of its site makes good internal transportation for visitors and staff purposes a necessity.
The collection contains a variety of historical vehicles for road, rail and tramways. In addition there are some modern working replicas to enhance the various scenes in the museum.
Agriculture
The museum's two farms help to preserve traditional northcountry and in some cases rare livestock breeds such as Durham Shorthorn Cattle; Clydesdale and Cleveland Bay working horses; Dales ponies; Teeswater sheep; Saddleback pigs; and poultry.
Regional heritage
Other large exhibits collected by the museum include a tracked steam shovel, and a coal drop from Seaham Harbour.
In 2001 a new-build Regional Resource Centre (accessible to visitors by appointment) opened on the site to provide accommodation for the museum's core collections of smaller items. These include over 300,000 historic photographs, printed books and ephemera, and oral history recordings. The object collections cover the museum's specialities. These include quilts; "clippy mats" (rag rugs); Trade union banners; floor cloth; advertising (including archives from United Biscuits and Rowntree's); locally made pottery; folk art; and occupational costume. Much of the collection is viewable online and the arts of quilting, rug making and cookery in the local traditions are demonstrated at the museum.
Filming location
The site has been used as the backdrop for many film and television productions, particularly Catherine Cookson dramas, produced by Tyne Tees Television, and the final episode and the feature film version of Downton Abbey. Some of the children's television series Supergran was shot here.
Visitor numbers
On its opening day the museum set a record by attracting a two-hour queue. Visitor numbers rose rapidly to around 450,000 p.a. during the first decade of opening to the public, with the millionth visitor arriving in 1978.
Awards
Museum of the Year1986
European Museum of the Year Award1987
Living Museum of the Year2002
Large Visitor Attraction of the YearNorth East England Tourism awards2014 & 2015
Large Visitor Attraction of the Year (bronze)VisitEngland awards2016
It was designated by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council in 1997 as a museum with outstanding collections.
Critical responses
In responding to criticism that it trades on nostalgia the museum is unapologetic. A former director has written: "As individuals and communities we have a deep need and desire to understand ourselves in time."
According to the BBC writing in its 40th anniversary year, Beamish was a mould-breaking museum that became a great success due to its collection policy, and what sets it apart from other museums is the use of costumed people to impart knowledge to visitors, rather than labels or interpretive panels (although some such panels do exist on the site), which means it "engages the visitor with history in a unique way".
Legacy
Beamish was influential on the Black Country Living Museum, Blists Hill Victorian Town and, in the view of museologist Kenneth Hudson, more widely in the museum community and is a significant educational resource locally. It can also demonstrate its benefit to the contemporary local economy.
The unselective collecting policy has created a lasting bond between museum and community.
The CH-148 Cyclone helicopter, Raptor, embarked aboard HMCS TORONTO fires flares in order to test the onboard systems during Operation REASSURANCE on 22 September 2020.
Photo Credit: Cpl White-Finkle, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
L’hélicoptère CH-148 Cyclone (Raptor) embarqué à bord du NCSM TORONTO lance des fusées éclairantes afin de tester les systèmes de bord au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 22 septembre 2020.
Photo : Cpl White-Finkle, Forces armées canadiennes
Police have arrested 25 people so far after synchronised raids this morning, Tuesday 5 October 2010.
Shortly after 6am, nearly 500 officers from the North Manchester Division and other divisions across GMP, officers from the Specialist Operations Branch, including Tactical Firearms Officers and the Dog Unit carried out 30 warrants across Greater Manchester.
Twenty-five people aged between 17 and 47 years old from the Cheetham Hill, Crumpsall, Prestwich, Whitefield and Broughton areas were arrested on suspicion of various drug related offences.
Quantities of drugs and cash have been seized during the house searches.
Officers will remain in the area throughout the next two weeks to provide reassurance to the local community and to support anyone affected by today's action.
Drug support workers will also be in the area to provide support to anyone affected by the raids.
Also, the 'Have Your Say' van will be outside the Cheetham Hill Police Station over the next couple of days if any local residents want to speak to officers.
A number of special constables from Greater Manchester Police and Cheshire Constabulary have taken a day off their usual work to assist with the operation.
Chief Superintendent Caroline Ball said: "These raids are the result of us talking to the community and listening to their concerns about the sale and use of drugs in the area.
"This operation has been carefully planned to cause as much disruption as possible and we could not have done this without the community's information and support, so for this I want to say thank-you.
"We take the issue of drugs extremely seriously and understand the impact they can have on individuals and the community as a whole, as addicts turn to crimes such as burglary and robbery to fund their habit.
"Today's action has been about removing those who feel it is acceptable to openly deal drugs in an area predominantly made up of families and blight their lives.
"We are committed to tackling drugs in the area, but we need the communities to work with us, to provide the information we need to catch those responsible and make them face justice for their behaviour.
"While the raids are nearly finished, there will continue to be a large presence of officers in the area to listen to any concerns local residents may have. Members of the community can also contact the neighbourhood policing team by phone, email or simply calling into their local station."
Anyone with information on the sale or use of drugs in their community should call the local neighbourhood policing team, or call the independent charity Crimestoppers , anonymously on 0800 555 111.
To find out more about your Neighbourhood Policing Team please visit our website.
450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron aircrew prepare to reposition the CH-147 Chinook helicopter in order to unload gear at YKA Kamloops Airport, British Columbia (BC) in support of Operation LENTUS to help provincial and local authorities stabilize the BC wildfire situation in Kamloops, BC on July 10, 2021.
Photo by: Sailor 1st Class Victoria Ioganov, MARPAC Imaging Services, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
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Des membres d’équipage du 450e Escadron tactique d’hélicoptères s’apprêtent à repositionner l’hélicoptère CH-147 Chinook afin de décharger du matériel à l’aéroport de Kamloops (YKA), en Colombie Britannique (C. B.), en appui à l’opération LENTUS qui vise à aider les autorités locales et provinciales à stabiliser la situation des feux de forêt en C. B., à Kamloops, en C. B., le 10 juillet 2021.
Photo : Matelot de 1re classe Victoria Ioganov, Services d’imagerie des FMAR(P), Forces armées canadiennes
Master Seaman Alicia Gordon from Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship (HMCS) SUMMERSIDE, paints a classroom at Rebecca J. Wilson Elementary School while alongside in Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa during Operation PROJECTION, March 1, 2018.
Photo: Sgt Shilo Adamson, Canadian Forces Recruiting Group Headquarters, CFB Borden
RG2018-0006-14
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La matelot chef Alicia Gordon, membre d’équipage du Navire canadien de Sa Majesté (NCSM) SUMMERSIDE, peint une salle de classe à l’école primaire Rebecca J. Wilson, lors d’une escale à Monrovia, au Libéria, en Afrique occidentale, au cours de l’opération PROJECTION, le 1er mars 2018.
Photo : Sgt Shilo Adamson, Quartier général du groupe du recrutement des Forces canadiennes, BFC Borden
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Sailor Second Class Stephen Mackenzie stands guard as his fellow Naval Boarding Party teammates get into position during their clearance drills onboard HMCS HALIFAX as part of Operation REASSURANCE on 28 April 2022.
Please credit: Pte Connor Bennett, Canadian Armed Forces photo
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Le matelot de 2e classe Stephen Mackenzie monte la garde alors que ses coéquipiers de l’équipe d’arraisonnement des navires se mettent en position lors d’exercices de déblaiement à bord du NCSM HALIFAX, au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 28 avril 2022.
Photo : Sdt Connor Bennett, Forces armées canadiennes
Cockpit operations, on board an Air Century's BAe Jetstream 32, reg. HI860. Flying from La Isabela/El Higuero Intl Airport (MDJB/JBQ), in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to Toussaint Louverture International Airport (PAP/MTPP), in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti.
A new joint operation - called Operation Vortex - has gotten underway today (Wednesday 19 January 2022) in Oldham to crack down on vehicle crime and traffic offences in the district.
The Tactical Vehicle Intercept Unit, along with officers from GMP's Safer Transport Team and officers across the Oldham District, worked along the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency at a static base in Chadderton, stopping a number of vehicles either committing traffic offences, or vehicle crime.
Two men arrested, one on suspicion of driving while under the influence of drugs, and one for driving while disqualified and remain in custody for questioning, ten vehicles have been seized for being driven with no insurance, and one stolen vehicle has been recovered.
In addition, officers also reported 35 traffic offences for a range of driving offences.
Chief Superintendent Mark Dexter from GMP's Specialist Operations said: "This will become a regular operation across Greater Manchester, where we will strive to make our communities and roads safer, tackling illegal vehicles which we know that are all too often used in crime and cause harm and misery on the roads.
"I hope this sends a strong message to anyone thinking of breaking the law on our roads, that we are watching, and we won't hesitate to take action to remove you and your vehicle from the road."
You should call 101, the national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.
Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.
You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity who will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.
You can access many of our services online at www.gmp.police.uk
Le 3 juillet 1940, la Royal Navy lance l'opération Catapult.
Le Royaume-Uni désormais seul face à la coalisation Allemande et Italienne a peur que la flotte française tombe aux mains des forces de l'Axe malgré les clause de neutralité de
l'armistice du 22 juin 1940.
Sans réponse positive de la part du vice-amiral français Marcel Gensoul à leur ultimatum demandant soit de se joindre à la flotte britannique en quittant la méditerranée, soit de se saborder,
L'attaque rapide causa de lourdes pertes à l'armée de Vichy : 1295 morts, plusieurs bateaux coulés ou mis hors d'état de nuire, dont le prestigieux cuirassé BRETAGNE.
On July 3, 1940, the Royal Navy launched Operation Catapult.
The United Kingdom, now alone in the face of German and Italian coalition, is afraid that the French fleet will fall into the hands of the Axis forces despite the neutrality clauses of
the armistice of June 22, 1940.
Without a positive response from French Vice-Admiral Marcel Gensoul to their ultimatum asking either to join the British fleet leaving the Mediterranean, or to scuttle themselves,
The rapid attack caused heavy losses to the Vichy army: 1,295 dead, several boats sunk or put out of action, including the prestigious battleship BRETAGNE.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.
Though the first Apollo flights and all Project Mercury and Project Gemini flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate. Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida (Mercury Control Center, later the Launch Control Center) began handing off control of the vehicle to the Mission Control Center in Houston, shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.
Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and in-situ resource utilization for off-Earth exploration. Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user spaceport through industry partnerships, even adding a new launch pad (LC-39C) in 2015.
There are about 700 facilities and buildings grouped throughout the center's 144,000 acres (580 km2). Among the unique facilities at KSC are the 525-foot (160 m) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA's largest rockets, the Launch Control Center, which conducts space launches at KSC, the Operations and Checkout Building, which houses the astronauts dormitories and suit-up area, a Space Station factory, and a 3-mile (4.8 km) long Shuttle Landing Facility. There is also a Visitor Complex on site that is open to the public.
Since 1949, the military had been performing launch operations at what would become Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. In December 1959, the Department of Defense transferred 5,000 personnel and the Missile Firing Laboratory to NASA to become the Launch Operations Directorate under NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 required an expansion of launch operations. On July 1, 1962, the Launch Operations Directorate was separated from MSFC to become the Launch Operations Center (LOC). Also, Cape Canaveral was inadequate to host the new launch facility design required for the mammoth 363-foot (111 m) tall, 7,500,000-pound-force (33,000 kN) thrust Saturn V rocket, which would be assembled vertically in a large hangar and transported on a mobile platform to one of several launch pads. Therefore, the decision was made to build a new LOC site located adjacent to Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island.
NASA began land acquisition in 1962, buying title to 131 square miles (340 km2) and negotiating with the state of Florida for an additional 87 square miles (230 km2). The major buildings in KSC's Industrial Area were designed by architect Charles Luckman. Construction began in November 1962, and Kennedy visited the site twice in 1962, and again just a week before his assassination on November 22, 1963.
On November 29, 1963, the facility was named by President Lyndon B. Johnson under Executive Order 11129. Johnson's order joined both the civilian LOC and the military Cape Canaveral station ("the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range") under the designation "John F. Kennedy Space Center", spawning some confusion joining the two in the public mind. NASA Administrator James E. Webb clarified this by issuing a directive stating the Kennedy Space Center name applied only to the LOC, while the Air Force issued a general order renaming the military launch site Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.
Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast, due east of Orlando. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly six miles (9.7 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km2). KSC is a major central Florida tourist destination and is approximately one hour's drive from the Orlando area. The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers public tours of the center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
From 1967 through 1973, there were 13 Saturn V launches, including the ten remaining Apollo missions after Apollo 7. The first of two uncrewed flights, Apollo 4 (Apollo-Saturn 501) on November 9, 1967, was also the first rocket launch from KSC. The Saturn V's first crewed launch on December 21, 1968, was Apollo 8's lunar orbiting mission. The next two missions tested the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (Earth orbit) and Apollo 10 (lunar orbit). Apollo 11, launched from Pad A on July 16, 1969, made the first Moon landing on July 20. The Apollo 11 launch included crewmembers Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin, and attracted a record-breaking 650 million television viewers. Apollo 12 followed four months later. From 1970 to 1972, the Apollo program concluded at KSC with the launches of missions 13 through 17.
On May 14, 1973, the last Saturn V launch put the Skylab space station in orbit from Pad 39A. By this time, the Cape Kennedy pads 34 and 37 used for the Saturn IB were decommissioned, so Pad 39B was modified to accommodate the Saturn IB, and used to launch three crewed missions to Skylab that year, as well as the final Apollo spacecraft for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975.
As the Space Shuttle was being designed, NASA received proposals for building alternative launch-and-landing sites at locations other than KSC, which demanded study. KSC had important advantages, including its existing facilities; location on the Intracoastal Waterway; and its southern latitude, which gives a velocity advantage to missions launched in easterly near-equatorial orbits. Disadvantages included: its inability to safely launch military missions into polar orbit, since spent boosters would be likely to fall on the Carolinas or Cuba; corrosion from the salt air; and frequent cloudy or stormy weather. Although building a new site at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico was seriously considered, NASA announced its decision in April 1972 to use KSC for the shuttle. Since the Shuttle could not be landed automatically or by remote control, the launch of Columbia on April 12, 1981 for its first orbital mission STS-1, was NASA's first crewed launch of a vehicle that had not been tested in prior uncrewed launches.
In 1976, the VAB's south parking area was the site of Third Century America, a science and technology display commemorating the U.S. Bicentennial. Concurrent with this event, the U.S. flag was painted on the south side of the VAB. During the late 1970s, LC-39 was reconfigured to support the Space Shuttle. Two Orbiter Processing Facilities were built near the VAB as hangars with a third added in the 1980s.
KSC's 2.9-mile (4.7 km) Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) was the orbiters' primary end-of-mission landing site, although the first KSC landing did not take place until the tenth flight, when Challenger completed STS-41-B on February 11, 1984; the primary landing site until then was Edwards Air Force Base in California, subsequently used as a backup landing site. The SLF also provided a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) abort option, which was not utilized. The SLF is among the longest runways in the world.
On October 28, 2009, the Ares I-X launch from Pad 39B was the first uncrewed launch from KSC since the Skylab workshop in 1973.
Beginning in 1958, NASA and military worked side by side on robotic mission launches (previously referred to as unmanned), cooperating as they broke ground in the field. In the early 1960s, NASA had as many as two robotic mission launches a month. The frequent number of flights allowed for quick evolution of the vehicles, as engineers gathered data, learned from anomalies and implemented upgrades. In 1963, with the intent of KSC ELV work focusing on the ground support equipment and facilities, a separate Atlas/Centaur organization was formed under NASA's Lewis Center (now Glenn Research Center (GRC)), taking that responsibility from the Launch Operations Center (aka KSC).
Though almost all robotics missions launched from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS), KSC "oversaw the final assembly and testing of rockets as they arrived at the Cape." In 1965, KSC's Unmanned Launch Operations directorate became responsible for all NASA uncrewed launch operations, including those at Vandenberg Space Force Base. From the 1950s to 1978, KSC chose the rocket and payload processing facilities for all robotic missions launching in the U.S., overseeing their near launch processing and checkout. In addition to government missions, KSC performed this service for commercial and foreign missions also, though non-U.S. government entities provided reimbursement. NASA also funded Cape Canaveral Space Force Station launch pad maintenance and launch vehicle improvements.
All this changed with the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, after which NASA only coordinated its own and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ELV launches. Companies were able to "operate their own launch vehicles" and utilize NASA's launch facilities. Payload processing handled by private firms also started to occur outside of KSC. Reagan's 1988 space policy furthered the movement of this work from KSC to commercial companies. That same year, launch complexes on Cape Canaveral Air Force Force Station started transferring from NASA to Air Force Space Command management.
In the 1990s, though KSC was not performing the hands-on ELV work, engineers still maintained an understanding of ELVs and had contracts allowing them insight into the vehicles so they could provide knowledgeable oversight. KSC also worked on ELV research and analysis and the contractors were able to utilize KSC personnel as a resource for technical issues. KSC, with the payload and launch vehicle industries, developed advances in automation of the ELV launch and ground operations to enable competitiveness of U.S. rockets against the global market.
In 1998, the Launch Services Program (LSP) formed at KSC, pulling together programs (and personnel) that already existed at KSC, GRC, Goddard Space Flight Center, and more to manage the launch of NASA and NOAA robotic missions. Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and VAFB are the primary launch sites for LSP missions, though other sites are occasionally used. LSP payloads such as the Mars Science Laboratory have been processed at KSC before being transferred to a launch pad on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
On 16 November 2022, at 06:47:44 UTC the Space Launch System (SLS) was launched from Complex 39B as part of the Artemis 1 mission.
As the International Space Station modules design began in the early 1990s, KSC began to work with other NASA centers and international partners to prepare for processing before launch onboard the Space Shuttles. KSC utilized its hands-on experience processing the 22 Spacelab missions in the Operations and Checkout Building to gather expectations of ISS processing. These experiences were incorporated into the design of the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF), which began construction in 1991. The Space Station Directorate formed in 1996. KSC personnel were embedded at station module factories for insight into their processes.
From 1997 to 2007, KSC planned and performed on the ground integration tests and checkouts of station modules: three Multi-Element Integration Testing (MEIT) sessions and the Integration Systems Test (IST). Numerous issues were found and corrected that would have been difficult to nearly impossible to do on-orbit.
Today KSC continues to process ISS payloads from across the world before launch along with developing its experiments for on orbit. The proposed Lunar Gateway would be manufactured and processed at the Space Station Processing Facility.
The following are current programs and initiatives at Kennedy Space Center:
Commercial Crew Program
Exploration Ground Systems Program
NASA is currently designing the next heavy launch vehicle known as the Space Launch System (SLS) for continuation of human spaceflight.
On December 5, 2014, NASA launched the first uncrewed flight test of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), currently under development to facilitate human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Launch Services Program
Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa)
Research and Technology
Artemis program
Lunar Gateway
International Space Station Payloads
Camp KSC: educational camps for schoolchildren in spring and summer, with a focus on space, aviation and robotics.
The KSC Industrial Area, where many of the center's support facilities are located, is 5 miles (8 km) south of LC-39. It includes the Headquarters Building, the Operations and Checkout Building and the Central Instrumentation Facility. The astronaut crew quarters are in the O&C; before it was completed, the astronaut crew quarters were located in Hangar S at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex (now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station). Located at KSC was the Merritt Island Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network station (MILA), a key radio communications and spacecraft tracking complex.
Facilities at the Kennedy Space Center are directly related to its mission to launch and recover missions. Facilities are available to prepare and maintain spacecraft and payloads for flight. The Headquarters (HQ) Building houses offices for the Center Director, library, film and photo archives, a print shop and security. When the KSC Library first opened, it was part of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. However, in 1965, the library moved into three separate sections in the newly opened NASA headquarters before eventually becoming a single unit in 1970. The library contains over four million items related to the history and the work at Kennedy. As one of ten NASA center libraries in the country, their collection focuses on engineering, science, and technology. The archives contain planning documents, film reels, and original photographs covering the history of KSC. The library is not open to the public but is available for KSC, Space Force, and Navy employees who work on site. Many of the media items from the collection are digitized and available through NASA's KSC Media Gallery Archived December 6, 2020, at the Wayback Machine or through their more up-to-date Flickr gallery.
A new Headquarters Building was completed in 2019 as part of the Central Campus consolidation. Groundbreaking began in 2014.
The center operated its own 17-mile (27 km) short-line railroad. This operation was discontinued in 2015, with the sale of its final two locomotives. A third had already been donated to a museum. The line was costing $1.3 million annually to maintain.
The Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C) (previously known as the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building) is a historic site on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places dating back to the 1960s and was used to receive, process, and integrate payloads for the Gemini and Apollo programs, the Skylab program in the 1970s, and for initial segments of the International Space Station through the 1990s. The Apollo and Space Shuttle astronauts would board the astronaut transfer van to launch complex 39 from the O&C building.
The three-story, 457,000-square-foot (42,500 m2) Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) consists of two enormous processing bays, an airlock, operational control rooms, laboratories, logistics areas and office space for support of non-hazardous Space Station and Shuttle payloads to ISO 14644-1 class 5 standards. Opened in 1994, it is the largest factory building in the KSC industrial area.
The Vertical Processing Facility (VPF) features a 71-by-38-foot (22 by 12 m) door where payloads that are processed in the vertical position are brought in and manipulated with two overhead cranes and a hoist capable of lifting up to 35 short tons (32 t).
The Hypergolic Maintenance and Checkout Area (HMCA) comprises three buildings that are isolated from the rest of the industrial area because of the hazardous materials handled there. Hypergolic-fueled modules that made up the Space Shuttle Orbiter's reaction control system, orbital maneuvering system and auxiliary power units were stored and serviced in the HMCF.
The Multi-Payload Processing Facility is a 19,647 square feet (1,825.3 m2) building used for Orion spacecraft and payload processing.
The Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) contains a 70-by-110-foot (21 by 34 m) service bay, with a 100,000-pound (45,000 kg), 85-foot (26 m) hook height. It also contains a 58-by-80-foot (18 by 24 m) payload airlock. Its temperature is maintained at 70 °F (21 °C).[55]
The Blue Origin rocket manufacturing facility is located immediately south of the KSC visitor complex. Completed in 2019, it serves as the company's factory for the manufacture of New Glenn orbital rockets.
Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) was originally built for the Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational launch vehicle until the Space Launch System, for the Apollo crewed Moon landing program. Since the end of the Apollo program in 1972, LC-39 has been used to launch every NASA human space flight, including Skylab (1973), the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1975), and the Space Shuttle program (1981–2011).
Since December 1968, all launch operations have been conducted from launch pads A and B at LC-39. Both pads are on the ocean, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the VAB. From 1969 to 1972, LC-39 was the "Moonport" for all six Apollo crewed Moon landing missions using the Saturn V, and was used from 1981 to 2011 for all Space Shuttle launches.
Human missions to the Moon required the large three-stage Saturn V rocket, which was 363 feet (111 meters) tall and 33 feet (10 meters) in diameter. At KSC, Launch Complex 39 was built on Merritt Island to accommodate the new rocket. Construction of the $800 million project began in November 1962. LC-39 pads A and B were completed by October 1965 (planned Pads C, D and E were canceled), the VAB was completed in June 1965, and the infrastructure by late 1966.
The complex includes: the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), a 130,000,000 cubic feet (3,700,000 m3) hangar capable of holding four Saturn Vs. The VAB was the largest structure in the world by volume when completed in 1965.
a transporter capable of carrying 5,440 tons along a crawlerway to either of two launch pads;
a 446-foot (136 m) mobile service structure, with three Mobile Launcher Platforms, each containing a fixed launch umbilical tower;
the Launch Control Center; and
a news media facility.
Launch Complex 48 (LC-48) is a multi-user launch site under construction for small launchers and spacecraft. It will be located between Launch Complex 39A and Space Launch Complex 41, with LC-39A to the north and SLC-41 to the south. LC-48 will be constructed as a "clean pad" to support multiple launch systems with differing propellant needs. While initially only planned to have a single pad, the complex is capable of being expanded to two at a later date.
As a part of promoting commercial space industry growth in the area and the overall center as a multi-user spaceport, KSC leases some of its properties. Here are some major examples:
Exploration Park to multiple users (partnership with Space Florida)
Shuttle Landing Facility to Space Florida (who contracts use to private companies)
Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF)-3 to Boeing (for CST-100 Starliner)
Launch Complex 39A, Launch Control Center Firing Room 4 and land for SpaceX's Roberts Road facility (Hanger X) to SpaceX
O&C High Bay to Lockheed Martin (for Orion processing)
Land for FPL's Space Coast Next Generation Solar Energy Center to Florida Power and Light (FPL)
Hypergolic Maintenance Facility (HMF) to United Paradyne Corporation (UPC)
The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, operated by Delaware North since 1995, has a variety of exhibits, artifacts, displays and attractions on the history and future of human and robotic spaceflight. Bus tours of KSC originate from here. The complex also includes the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center, north of the VAB and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, six miles west near Titusville. There were 1.5 million visitors in 2009. It had some 700 employees.
It was announced on May 29, 2015, that the Astronaut Hall of Fame exhibit would be moved from its current location to another location within the Visitor Complex to make room for an upcoming high-tech attraction entitled "Heroes and Legends". The attraction, designed by Orlando-based design firm Falcon's Treehouse, opened November 11, 2016.
In March 2016, the visitor center unveiled the new location of the iconic countdown clock at the complex's entrance; previously, the clock was located with a flagpole at the press site. The clock was originally built and installed in 1969 and listed with the flagpole in the National Register of Historic Places in January 2000. In 2019, NASA celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Apollo program, and the launch of Apollo 10 on May 18. In summer of 2019, Lunar Module 9 (LM-9) was relocated to the Apollo/Saturn V Center as part of an initiative to rededicate the center and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo Program.
Historic locations
NASA lists the following Historic Districts at KSC; each district has multiple associated facilities:
Launch Complex 39: Pad A Historic District
Launch Complex 39: Pad B Historic District
Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) Area Historic District
Orbiter Processing Historic District
Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Disassembly and Refurbishment Complex Historic District
NASA KSC Railroad System Historic District
NASA-owned Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Industrial Area Historic District
There are 24 historic properties outside of these historic districts, including the Space Shuttle Atlantis, Vehicle Assembly Building, Crawlerway, and Operations and Checkout Building.[71] KSC has one National Historic Landmark, 78 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) listed or eligible sites, and 100 Archaeological Sites.
Further information: John F. Kennedy Space Center MPS
Other facilities
The Rotation, Processing and Surge Facility (RPSF) is responsible for the preparation of solid rocket booster segments for transportation to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The RPSF was built in 1984 to perform SRB operations that had previously been conducted in high bays 2 and 4 of the VAB at the beginning of the Space Shuttle program. It was used until the Space Shuttle's retirement, and will be used in the future by the Space Launch System[75] (SLS) and OmegA rockets.
Operation AVRO is a forcewide initiative that delivers a surge of extra resources and specialist officers to a different district within Greater Manchester each month.
This month saw the operation take place in Wigan.
The operation targets crimes that members of the public in that district have told us give them the most concern.
Members of the press and key partners, including local representatives, are invited to attend Operation AVRO deployments to see results first-hand and conduct important multi-agency work, such as welfare visits.
More details on AVRO can be found by visiting gmp.police.uk and following us on social media.
You should call 101, the national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.
Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.
You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity who will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.
You can access many of our services online at www.gmp.police.uk
A Ukrainian recruit clears the corner of a building while conducting urban operations training during Operation UNIFIER on 7 February 2023 in the United Kingdom.
Please Credit: Corporal Eric Greico, Canadian Armed Forces Photo.
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Une recrue ukrainienne dégage l’angle d’un bâtiment lors d’un entraînement aux opérations en zone urbaine au cours de l’opération UNIFIER, le 7 février 2023, au Royaume-Uni.
Photo : Caporal Eric Greico, Forces armées canadiennes
Members of the British Armed Forces line the road as members of the royal family head towards Buckingham Palace during the coronation of His Majesty King Charles III in London, United Kingdom on May 6, 2023.
Photo: Master Corporal Matthew Tower, Canadian Forces Combat Camera, Canadian Forces Photo
Des membres des forces armées britanniques sont alignés sur le bord de la route alors que les membres de la famille royale se dirigent vers le palais de Buckingham lors du couronnement de Sa Majesté le roi Charles III à Londres, au Royaume Uni, le 6 mai 2023.
Photo : Caporal-chef Matthew Tower, Caméra de combat des Forces canadiennes, Forces armées canadiennes
The U.S. Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron, the Thunderbirds, and the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels, fly over New York City, April 28, 2020. The joint flight is part of Operation America Strong, a salute to frontline COVID-19 responders and essential workers with formation flights over New York City, Newark, Trenton and Philadelphia. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Airman Sean Madden)
Well, this is the first challenge for The Epic Conflict! Operation Desert Strike is an event in The Epic Conflict where U.S. troops take a preemptive strike against the terrorist organization Scimitar by deploying troops in Jalabad, Afghanistan which is under Scimitar control. If you are interested in participating you can follow these steps:
-Build a scene depicting events of operation desert strike (with or without background story) or minifigures from the operation.
-Take a picture of them and join The Epic Conflict pool so you can add your pictures in the group pool.
-Well, you're done, but if you want, you can look at other people's builds or just check out the group.
If you are interested, you can comment here or send me a message on FlickrMail. Here is the link to The Epic Conflict: www.flickr.com/groups/2036559@N20/
Southeastern Class 465 units Nos. 465019 and 465010 pass Cuxton Road footbridge, Strood in the consist of the 5Q89 05:40 Worksop Up Receptions to Gillingham E.M.U.D. stock movement return from storage hauled by Rail Operations Group Class 37 No. 37884 'Cepheus'
HMCS MONTREAL launches the Zodiac during a man-overboard exercise in the Mediterranean Sea during Operation REASSURANCE on March 4, 2022.
Please credit: Corporal Braden Trudeau, Canadian Armed Forces photo
CF-18 Hornets take off from Mihail Kogalniceanu (MK) Air Base in Romania, to return to Canada during Operation REASSURANCE, December 1, 2022.
Please credit: Corporal Eric Chaput, Canadian Armed Forces photo
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Des chasseurs CF-18 Hornet quittent la base aérienne Mihail Kogalniceanu (MK), en Roumanie, pour revenir au Canada au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 1er décembre 2022.
Photo : Caporal Eric Chaput, Forces armées canadiennes
United States Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment members board a Royal Canadian Navy Rigid-Hull-Inflatable Boat (RHIB)) from HMCS SUMMERSIDE in the Caribbean Sea during Operation CARIBBE on November 14, 2020.
Photo: Lt Sheila Tham, Public Affairs Officer
Des membres du détachement d’application de la loi de la Garde côtière des États Unis montent à bord d’une embarcation pneumatique à coque rigide depuis le NCSM SUMMERSIDE, dans la mer des Caraïbes, au cours de l’opération CARIBBE, le 14 novembre 2020.
Photo : Lt Sheila Tham, officière des affaires publiques
People pack the stands to watch the coronation of His Majesty King Charles III, during Operation GOLDEN ORB outside Buckingham Palace in London, United Kingdom on May 06, 2023.
Photo: Master Corporal Matthew Tower, Canadian Forces Combat Camera, Canadian Forces Photo
Les gens sont rassemblés dans les gradins pour assister au couronnement de Sa Majesté le roi Charles III au cours de l’opération GOLDEN ORB à l’extérieur du palais de Buckingham, à Londres, au Royaume Uni, le 6 mai 2023.
Photo : Caporal-chef Matthew Tower, Caméra de combat des Forces canadiennes, Forces armées canadiennes
An aircrew member on the CH-147 Chinook keeps a sharp eye out for any potential threats during a medical evacuation exercise in support of Operation PRESENCE - Mali around Gao, Mali on July 31, 2018.
Photo: MCpl Jennifer Kusche, Canadian Forces Combat Camera
IS03-2018-0051-019
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Un membre du personnel navigant à bord de l’hélicoptère CH-147 Chinook garde l’œil ouvert à l’affût de toute menace potentielle lors d’un exercice d’évacuation médicale, à l’appui de l’opération PRESENCE – Mali, aux environs de Gao, au Mali, le 31 juillet 2018.
Photo : Cplc Jennifer Kusche, Caméra de combat des Forces canadiennes
IS03-2018-0051-019
CF-18 Hornets take off from Mihail Kogalniceanu (MK) Air Base in Romania, to return to Canada during Operation REASSURANCE, December 1, 2022.
Please credit: Corporal Eric Chaput, Canadian Armed Forces photo
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Des chasseurs CF-18 Hornet quittent la base aérienne Mihail Kogalniceanu (MK), en Roumanie, pour revenir au Canada au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 1er décembre 2022.
Photo : Caporal Eric Chaput, Forces armées canadiennes
A Latvian soldier takes cover during exercise Saber Junction 15 at the U.S. Army’s Joint Multinational Readiness Center in Hohenfels, Germany, April 23, 2015. Saber Junction 15 prepares NATO and partner nation forces for offensive, defensive, and stability operations and promotes interoperability among participants. Saber Junction 15 has more than 4,700 participants from 17 countries, to include: Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Turkey and the U.S. (U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Markus Rauchenberger/Released)
Dawn raids saw six people arrested by police as part of an investigation into gas explosion cash machine attacks.
A further person was arrested for unrelated drug offences.
This morning (Wednesday 26 June 2019) officers executed warrants at nine addresses as part of Operation Benson – launched in response to incidents involving the theft of money from ATMs.
Warrants were executed by GMP at Oldham Road, Uxbridge Street and Garden Walk in Ashton-under-Lyne, as well as on Robinson Street, Caroline Street and Handley Close in Stockport.
The action was supported by the North West Regional Organised Crime Unit – Disruption Team.
Further warrants were executed on Woodlands Close, Tintwistle and Lea Fold, Solihull by Derbyshire Police and West Midlands Police respectively on behalf of GMP.
Police arrested:-
A 30-year-old man for conspiracy to cause an explosion likely to endanger life and conspiracy to burgle.
A 34-year-old man for conspiracy to cause an explosion likely to endanger life and conspiracy to burgle.
A 30-year-old man for conspiracy to cause an explosion likely to endanger life and conspiracy to burgle.
A 28-year-old man for conspiracy to cause an explosion likely to endanger life and conspiracy to burgle.
A 30-year-old woman for conspiracy to burgle and money laundering.
A 33-year-old woman for conspiracy to burgle.
A 28-year-old man for possession of Class B drugs with intent to supply.
Detective Sergeant Phil Kennedy said: “Thanks to the excellent work of our officers; colleagues within other force areas and SaferCash partners, we have been able to bring six people into custody this morning.
“Additionally, we have a further person in custody for drugs offences.
“These raids came as the result of extensive intelligence gathering and show our determination in dismantling organised crime networks who commit these kinds of crimes.
“Today’s operation is a response to various types of ATM attacks– including those which use gas explosions to access monies, endangering the lives of anyone caught nearby.
“While the vast majority of people in Greater Manchester work hard for their rewards in life, a small minority think it acceptable to try and shortcut their way via acts of criminality.
“We will do everything in our power to catch and prosecute organised criminals whose offending blights our communities.
“If you believe someone to be involved in criminality, contact police immediately. Your actions will help prevent innocent people becoming the victims of crime.”
Anyone with information should contact police on 101 or the independent charity Crimestoppers, anonymously, on 0800 555 111.
Police have launched a crackdown on fraudsters and their ‘money mules’ who have moved £4.1million of illicit cash through bank accounts in Greater Manchester in just five months.
Offenders launder cash acquired through fraud, deception and theft through the accounts of others in order to ensure there is no connection between them and the initial crime, which has often seen them con innocent people into handing over large amounts of cash.
Today, officers executed warrants at addresses across North Manchester targeting a group who received over £75,000 from victims who were scammed into paying money into an account by someone claiming to be a County Court bailiff.
The action forms part of a three-month operation – codenamed Ranger – which has seen 14 people arrested and 14 warrants executed so far.
Money mules are recruited by fraudsters to take funds into their bank account for a fee before it is then transferred or withdrawn.
They are the first people to handle the cash and play a key role in every fraud - without them the money could not be transferred from the victim and released to offenders as profit, or to fund further criminal activity.
Detective Inspector Martin Hopkinson said: “These fraudsters prey on the vulnerable twice - first through conning the money from trusting individuals and then again by filtering those ill-gotten gains through numerous bank accounts.
"Pursuing the bank account owners - the money mules themselves - allows us to streamline investigations, increase the amount of cases we can investigate and bring more offenders to justice.
“We believe that by reaching the account holders, we reduce the access points for fraudsters - creating a hostile environment in which to operate and stopping illegitimate cash getting into the hands of criminals.
“These underhand tactics will not be tolerated. The illegal funds finance more serious and violent crime which can destroy communities.
“We urge people who are approached to consider their actions before taking part in such a deal. There's no such thing as easy money, and a criminal record is the only thing you'll gain from it."
Between October 2015 and February 2016, GMP recorded 1,475 fraud crimes, of which 490 (33%) were solely in relation to money mules, amounting to £4.1million of fraudulently obtained funds.
During 2014/15 GMP recorded over 4,600 fraud related crimes and it is anticipated that this figure will rise to over 5,500 during the year 2015/16.
A typical fraud investigation can take in the region of 12 to 15 months to complete, targeting the initial fraud offence and following the stolen funds through a complex web of transfers, each representing a money laundering offence.
If you suspect fraud is being committed in your area call Greater Manchester Police on 101 or Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.
A crew member from the CC-130 Hercules provides force protection while the aircraft is being loaded at the airfield in Gao, Mali during Operation PRESENCE-Mali on July 10, 2018.
Photo: MCpl Jennifer Kusche
IS03-2018-0035-010
Police have launched a crackdown on fraudsters and their ‘money mules’ who have moved £4.1million of illicit cash through bank accounts in Greater Manchester in just five months.
Offenders launder cash acquired through fraud, deception and theft through the accounts of others in order to ensure there is no connection between them and the initial crime, which has often seen them con innocent people into handing over large amounts of cash.
Today, officers executed warrants at addresses across North Manchester targeting a group who received over £75,000 from victims who were scammed into paying money into an account by someone claiming to be a County Court bailiff.
The action forms part of a three-month operation – codenamed Ranger – which has seen 14 people arrested and 14 warrants executed so far.
Money mules are recruited by fraudsters to take funds into their bank account for a fee before it is then transferred or withdrawn.
They are the first people to handle the cash and play a key role in every fraud - without them the money could not be transferred from the victim and released to offenders as profit, or to fund further criminal activity.
Detective Inspector Martin Hopkinson said: “These fraudsters prey on the vulnerable twice - first through conning the money from trusting individuals and then again by filtering those ill-gotten gains through numerous bank accounts.
"Pursuing the bank account owners - the money mules themselves - allows us to streamline investigations, increase the amount of cases we can investigate and bring more offenders to justice.
“We believe that by reaching the account holders, we reduce the access points for fraudsters - creating a hostile environment in which to operate and stopping illegitimate cash getting into the hands of criminals.
“These underhand tactics will not be tolerated. The illegal funds finance more serious and violent crime which can destroy communities.
“We urge people who are approached to consider their actions before taking part in such a deal. There's no such thing as easy money, and a criminal record is the only thing you'll gain from it."
Between October 2015 and February 2016, GMP recorded 1,475 fraud crimes, of which 490 (33%) were solely in relation to money mules, amounting to £4.1million of fraudulently obtained funds.
During 2014/15 GMP recorded over 4,600 fraud related crimes and it is anticipated that this figure will rise to over 5,500 during the year 2015/16.
A typical fraud investigation can take in the region of 12 to 15 months to complete, targeting the initial fraud offence and following the stolen funds through a complex web of transfers, each representing a money laundering offence.
If you suspect fraud is being committed in your area call Greater Manchester Police on 101 or Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.
Three people have been arrested following dawn raids aimed at disrupting the supply of drugs and the criminal exploitation of vulnerable adults in Manchester.
Shortly after 6am this morning (Friday 15 March) officers executed search warrants at six addresses in the Beswick area of Manchester.
Three men, two aged 18 and one aged 22 were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to supply Class A drugs and engaging in human trafficking for the purpose of criminal exploitation.
The arrests were made as part of Operation Fosbury, an ongoing investigation being led by the City of Manchester Complex Safeguarding Hub into the exploitation of vulnerable adults and children within the Beswick area.
The new multi-agency team* which includes specialist detectives from GMP, has been established to combat the increasing risk of vulnerable people, particularly young people, being sexually and criminally exploited.
Detective Inspector Andy Buckthorpe from GMP’s Complex Safeguarding hub said: “Our aim is to target and disrupt those individuals who seek to exploit children and vulnerable adults and we will take every opportunity to target and prosecute offenders.
“This particular investigation focuses on helping vulnerable people who we believe have been exploited and forced to drug deals in other areas of the UK in what is widely known as ‘County Lines’ offending.
“As a result of the investigation, we have been able to identify a number of vulnerable people within the Manchester area who have been exploited in the most horrendous way by organised criminals and they will now receive bespoke multi-agency support.”
Criminal exploitation or ‘Trapped’ as it is referred to across Greater Manchester is a form of criminal exploitation that sees offenders use children or vulnerable people for the purposes of selling drugs.
They could be trafficked around the local area, or taken to areas with no obvious links or connections and this often involves the victim being subjected to deception, intimidation, violence, financial exploitation and grooming.
Are you being made to commit crime on behalf of someone else? Are you fearful for yourself or your family’s safety? Find out more at: www.programmechallenger.co.uk/Trapped
Anyone with concerns either about themselves or somebody else can contact the police via the LiveChat facility on the GMP website or 101 in a non-emergency situation.
You can also report details anonymously through Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.
Always dial 999 when there is an emergency or an immediate threat to life.
Police have arrested three men after drugs raids at a pub in Bradford, Manchester.
On Tuesday 12 January 2016, officers carried out a warrant in response to community intelligence that drug dealing was taking place in the pub.
Inspector Shan Nasim from GMP’s North Manchester Division said: “These arrests are part of an ongoing operation targeting drug dealing in the Miles Platting area.
“We are determined to rid our communities of all drugs but the police cannot do this alone.
“The local community in Miles Platting have provided vital information for this investigation and we will continue to work with them as part of this ongoing operation.
I would like to thank the people in Miles Platting for their continued support and reiterate that we will continue our work to obliterate the trade of drugs in the area.”
Anyone with any information about drug-related activity in the Miles Platting area is asked to call the Manchester East Neighbourhood Policing Team on 0161 856 3521 or contact Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.
To find out more about Greater Manchester Police please visit our website. www.gmp.police.uk
You should call 101, the national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.
Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.
You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.