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Beluga Whale
"Male belugas are larger than females. Males can reach 5.5 metres (18 ft) long, while females grow to 4.1 metres (13 ft). Males weigh between 1,100 and 1,600 kilograms (2,400 and 3,500 lb) while females weigh between 700 and 1,200 kilograms (1,500 and 2,600 lb). This is larger than most dolphins, but is smaller than most other toothed whales.
The adult beluga is rarely mistaken for another species, because it is completely white or whitish-gray in color. Calves, however, are usually gray. Its head is unlike that of any other cetacean. Like most toothed whales it has a melon—an oily, fatty tissue lump found at the center of the forehead. The beluga's melon is extremely bulbous and even malleable. The beluga is able to change the shape of its head by blowing air around its sinuses. Unlike many dolphins and whales, the vertebrae in the neck are not fused together, allowing the animal to turn its head laterally. The rostrum has about 8 to 10 teeth on each side of the jaw and a total of 34 to 40 teeth.
Belugas are highly sociable. Groups of males may number in the hundreds, while mothers with calves generally mix in slightly smaller groups. When pods aggregate in estuaries, they may number in the thousands. This can represent a significant proportion of the entire population and is when they are most vulnerable to hunting.
Pods tend to be unstable, meaning that they tend to move from pod to pod. Radio tracking has shown that belugas can start out in a pod and within a few days be hundreds of miles away from that pod. Mothers and calves form the beluga's closest social relationship. Nursing times of two years have been observed and lactational anestrus may not occur. Calves often return to the same estuary as their mother in the summer, meeting her sometimes even after becoming fully mature.
Belugas can be playful—they may spit at humans or other whales. It is not unusual for an aquarium handler to be drenched by one of his charges. Some researchers believe that spitting originated with blowing sand away from crustaceans at the sea bottom.
Unlike most whales, it is capable of swimming backwards.
Males reach sexual maturity between four and seven years, while females mature at between six and nine years. The beluga can live more than 50 years."
- Courtesy of Wikipdida
Marineland
"If you are in the Niagara Falls area and want to find a fun activity for the kids to enjoy, try Marineland Canada. At Marineland Canada kids will be thrilled to see sea lions, dolphins and killer whales in shows and up-close in an observation tank. There’s also a wildlife display where children can feed and pet deer and see bears and elk. If this weren’t enough, there are also a number of theme-park rides and three restaurants.
Marineland Niagara Falls Canada is one of the only marine parks in the world that allows visitors the opportunity to get up-close and personal with the amazing marine animals. A tried-and-true favorite is the aquarium theatre show performances by dolphins, killer whales, sea lions, and of course, King Waldorf, the walrus. The King Waldorf Stadium Show takes place throughout the day at regular intervals. Get there early to get a good seat because seating is on a first-come, first-served basis and guests are not allowed in once a show has started.
To see killer whales close up, children can go to Friendship Cove, a 4.5 million gallon observation tank. Friendship Cove is home to the largest whale habitat in the world, and Marineland Canada has created overhead walkways and underwater viewing for some dramatic views of these amazing creatures. There is another aquarium which displays freshwater fish that kids will have fun observing as well.
Similar to the Friendship Cove design, Marineland Niagara Falls Canada has created Arctic Cove, home to the beluga whales. Artic Cove is beautifully designed with extensive rockwork made to reflect the beluga whale’s natural ocean environment. Like Friendship Cove, Marineland Ontario has built several walkways around the habitat for great viewing of the whales. The underwater viewing panels allow visitors to watch the beautiful creatures as they dive and swim and interact with each other. Kids will really love the opportunity to feed the friendly beluga whales. Marineland Ontario holds touching and feeding sessions with the animals regularly throughout the day, though you must buy tickets for this activity.
At Marineland Ontario, the whole family will enjoy getting close to the animals that live both on land and in the sea. There are elk and deer in the park that you can touch and feed if you so desire. At the fish-feeding lake guests can feed fish and watch playful black bears, powerful buffaloes, majestic elk and other fascinating animals of the wild.
Marineland Niagara Falls Canada also has all of the amusement park rides that kids love. There is a roller coaster, a Ferris wheel, Dragon Boat rides and a big playground. The most exhilarating ride of all is Dragon Mountain, a roller coaster that loops and winds through 1,000 feet of tunnels."
- Courtesy of Destination 360
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Infinite Cosmos of Light and Life:
Dark Energy and Black Holes Don’t Exist
Much of 20th Century science has already been discredited, yet too much nonsense is still being taught. It’s time to examine a plethora of false assumptions being foisted on impressionable minds by ignorant authority figures. The precepts and concepts that made the reputations of last century’s physicists and cosmologists are all partially correct at best and utterly wrong and misleading at worst. To believe that their notions were more correct than those of ‘natural philosophers’ who inhabited the relative Dark Ages of preceding centuries is a testament to folly and hubris.
The lies of religions and other tribal superstitions poisoned all sense and reason until the very recent past. In many benighted regions of the globe this mental slavery still holds minds in thrall to fantastic idiocy. The underlying motive for the promulgation of the Big Bang theory – whereby our entire universe supposedly came into being less than fourteen thousand million years ago - has nothing to do with mathematics or physics.
The Big Bang was invented by human beings encased in a cultural matrix that originated in the Bronze Age and was literally beaten into the young brains of untold generations of illiterates. Millennia of blind religious dogma blighted lives with the lie that an invisible ‘god’ created the world, the Sun, the moon and stars in merely six short days, and then took a day off work. Along with everyone else, educated people were preprogrammed to believe in such a creation event from infancy.
No matter how enlightened, the scientists of the day were riven and driven by the childish vision of a creator god inhabiting a heavenly realm somehow removed from ‘mundane’ reality. They invented the idea of some preexisting reality before time space as a result (without exploring the complex hyperspatial and hyperdimensional theories which would make this concept both a possibility, and simultaneously an absurdity.
Two Seminal False Assumptions
The Big Bang is a mathematical absurdity masquerading as physics. It’s based on two largely unexamined assumptions, both of which are false although based on valid observations that truly indicate an entirely different cosmology. One is the phenomenon of red shift (whereby the majority of objects in the observable universe appear slightly red) and the other is referred to as the Hubble Constant - a ubiquitous hum in a narrow range of background radiation observed wherever we look (or rather listen) throughout the cosmos.
The red shift was ascribed solely to the Doppler Effect – the same phenomenon that causes the sound of a train whistle to seem to rise in pitch (frequency) as it approaches an observer, and lower in frequency as it departs. When related to visible objects, anything approaching an observer appears more bluish (as light wavelengths appear shortened and bunched up towards the blue end of the spectrum) and receding objects appear reddened (because the light from receding objects appears stretched to an observer). Because the majority of celestial bodies appear reddish it was assumed that everything was moving away from us and everything else in the aftermath of a primordial explosive event – a Big Bang.
As demonstrated by pioneering astrophysicist Halton Arp 1 (and subsequently by David Talbott, Wal Thornhill and other proponents of modern ‘electric universe’ theory 2), the Doppler Effect can’t possibly account for many observed phenomena associated with the reddening of celestial bodies. Some share the same apparent red shift while obviously moving in entirely different directions. Their postulated distances from our point of observation and each other – as theorised using red shift for a benchmark - are obviously incorrect in light of a number of observable anomalies.
The reddening of celestial bodies is caused by a number of factors including (but not confined to) the Doppler Effect. Among these are the fact that space is not a vacuum at all (as believed when red shift was first ascribed to the Doppler Effect), but filled with all manner of energies and filtering mechanisms. As a result, light experiences an effective signal loss over great distances and this translates into a shift towards the red and infrared end of the light spectrum, as shorter frequencies – the blue/violet end of the spectrum – are more easily occluded. The same applies, in varying degrees, to all bands of radiation we use to observe the cosmos (including radioastronomy).
Thus the limits of our ‘observable universe’ are no limits at all, but merely the limit of observation using the electromagnetic spectrum as a yardstick. The universe didn’t begin 13 or 14 (or even 200) billion years ago as indicated by this false assumption, but is in fact infinite. We just can’t see very far through the soup of timespace.
That this is true is revealed by a number of observations, including the fact that no matter how far we look through the sea of time, supposedly primordial ‘infant’ galaxies and other structures appear virtually identical to those we see around us today. This contravenes many precepts of Big Bang theory, as do many observations made since we lifted our sights and sightlines beyond Earth’s occluding atmospheric envelope and began to see the cosmos as it actually appears.
According to ‘electric universe’ theory and contemporary observations that demolish most of the cherished notions of 20th Century astrophysics, the primary ‘force’ acting throughout the cosmos is not gravity at all - gravity is a very tenuous field - but (what we incorrectly term) electromagnetism. And according to the postmodern electrical paradigm, the redness of many celestial bodies indicates not their speed of recession but their age – or rather, their energetic level and even their relative youth!
Thus one of the only two planks that seemed to necessitate the idea of a Big Bang does not actually exist; most things in the cosmos are probably not racing away from everything else at all, and the increased redness of more distant objects is mainly due to signal loss.
The remaining plank that seemed to underlie and confirm the Big Bang hypothesis– the Hubble Constant (named for astronomer Erwin Hubble, to whom the famous first space telescope was also dedicated), has also been ascribed to the wrong cause entirely. The all-pervasive background ‘hum’ in the hydrogen band that’s noted wherever our electronic ears listen to the celestial ‘music of the spheres’ isn’t an echo of an ancient explosion, but is due to a now well-known and widely recognised quantum effect whereby virtual particles are continually appearing within and disappearing from the observable (4D) universe.
‘Space’ isn’t space, but is filled with innumerable wavelengths (energies) that generally cancel each other out, resulting in a near-vacuum state. This state isn’t a vacuum or a zero-point field of fluctuations (as often described) but a field that oscillates around scalar zero –conceived as being slightly ‘above’ the zero point, and originally believed to be so negligible as to be immeasurable and irrelevant. When 18th, 19th and 20th Century physicists first calculated all the details of orbital mechanics this reality was entirely unknown; their figures were all predicated on the false assumption that all celestial bodies interact in a complete vacuum.
Newton’s blind clockwork universe and Einstein’s divine plan are equally illusory. God doesn’t play dice (because there is no external god rolling the deadly die) but chance interactions – the freewheeling will of cosmic fields and forces – is everchanging and inherently unpredictable. Everything is possible and we inhabit an infinite interacting series of parallel universes, all interwoven by probability and the wills of conscious beings.
This sea of virtual particles gives rise to a perceivable ‘hum’ produced by little vortices in timespace (effectively electrons and positrons) that occur wherever wavelengths interact in suitable configurations – and as waves are always interacting in innumerable configurations, there are always some that give rise to relatively stable and measurable forms. Some of the most basic of these effectively appear as ‘hydrogen ions’, continually flashing into and out of existence as a result of perpetual wave interactions. These occasionally remain in our plenum when they happen to manifest in a geometrical configuration that remains stable (by virtue of simple mechanical interactions), producing what physics has conceived as ‘atoms’, or ‘ions’. 3
Thus the Hubble Constant is not an echo of a non-existent Big Bang, but the continuous resonant hum of infinitude tiny vortices, as hyperdimensional energies which transcend the recognised four dimensions of space and time perpetually condense into observable energy in our timespace (See TimeSpace).
It’s worthwhile to note that ‘particles’ are not simply continually emerging in the ‘vacuum of space’, but within pre-existing forms of denser energy fields and material forms as well. In fact, the more dense a field they manifest within the more likely they are to lodge into pre-existing patterns, and to remain in timespace rather than immediately wink back out of existence. When extra particles appear within the energy matrix of matter, more complex and more ‘dense’ forms of matter are formed. Thus ‘matter’ is continuously condensing - growing more dense and complex - and celestial bodies are all slowly growing through time. 4
There are no ‘Higg’s Bosons’, as there is no need for them or most of the other invented confabulations in the ‘particle zoos’ of 20th Century physicists. Simpler geometrical forms simply give rise to progressively more complex geometrical forms and the morphic fields of matter literally attract energy – and more matter – via simplex mechanisms, not through abstruse, ‘spooky’ or exotically impenetrable interactions.
Light Amidst the Darkness
There is no ‘dark energy’ or ‘dark matter’...
Continues @ nexusilluminati.blogspot.com.au/2013/03/infinite-cosmos-o...
by R. Ayana
St Margaret, Cley-next-the-Sea, Norfolk
In 2004 I wrote: 'It is repetitious to observe that East Anglia was the industrial heartland of late medieval England, or that this nation was a devout Catholic country at the time, or even that the collision of these two facts resulted in some of the most splendid church architecture in Europe.
Virtually every parish church in the land bears some evidence of this, but it is particularly obvious in the centres of power of those times: at Lavenham in Suffolk, where the great wool merchants held court, at Salle and East Harling in Norfolk, where great landed families competed to influence the crown, and here at Cley, once at the harbour mouth of Blakeney Haven, the great north Norfolk conurbation of ports, where the streets thronged with wealthy merchants and their workers.
Today, the harbour is lost to us, but you can still make out its shape if you stand in Wiveton churchyard and look back across to Cley, half a mile off. At Blakeney itself, the quayside survives with some of its buildings to help a reconstruction in the mind; but Cley has nothing now except its church and a few cottages, a village green and a windmill. Ironically, you wouldn't even know that the sea was close.
Of the four churches of Blakeney Haven, St Margaret was the biggest, grandest and most expensive. It is still all of these things today. It is replete with all those elements we find most exciting when we visit a medieval East Anglian church: a seven sacrament font, bench ends depicting people and mythical creatures, brasses, bosses, stalls and the most elaborate niches in the kingdom, a smattering of old glass, and memorable tracery that, being Decorated rather than Perpendicular, is unfamiliar in East Anglia. We have explored elsewhere on my site, at Salle and Cawston, exactly why these churches were built so large and elaborate. Well, St Margaret is another remarkable testimony.
The setting is lovely, on a gentle rise above the village green. The graveyard is scattered, many of the stones 18th century, and not lined up in clinical rows by misguided 1970s lawn-mower enthusiasts. If you come in late spring the graveyard is uncut, full of wild flowers and tall grasses, but in this September morning it was neat and trim, a velvet mount for the church.
What you see is, at first sight, complex. The vast nave with its aisles and clerestory is all of a piece. The offset tower is rather mean, and although it seems likely it was intended for rebuilding, the huge and beautiful west window suggests that it would have been in the same place. The chancel is also curiously simple, and eventually would have been replaced. Two transepts stick out to north and south, the southern one roofless and glassless, that to the north entirely ruinous.
The merchant de Vaux family were responsible for rebuilding the church, and the new nave was built to the south of the original nave, which was then demolished and replaced with an aisle. You can still see its roofline on the east face of the tower. The master mason was William Ramsey, one of the most significant in England; the Ramsey family were responsible for the Palace of Westminster and parts of Norwich Cathedral. Work began in the 1320s, and proceeded quickly until the building was pretty well complete by the mid-1340s. This is an early date for the complete rebuilding of an East Anglian church, and shows that here, in Blakeney Haven, the new money was early. It would not be for a hundred years that Suffolk and south Norfolk families were in a position to do the same. Why was this? Partly, the wealth of the Blakeney Haven ports did not depend just on East Anglian cloth. But there was another, more apocalyptic factor.
Before Ramsey could turn his attention to the chancel and the problem of that blessed tower, a new and frightening pestilence reached England. For anyone living in a port, diseases brought from abroad were an everyday hazard that had to be balanced against full employment and opportunities for wealth creation. Even so, this was something on a spectacular scale, a strain of bubonic plague that reached the south coast ports in August 1348 and that by the dismal late winter months of 1349 had reached Norfolk. Perhaps half the population died, although in the ports there seems to have been a higher survival rate; perhaps there was more immunity due to previous exposure. However, Ramsey and his son both died, and the work of the ports was disrupted for several generations. The Victorians, relishing the gothic horror of the disaster, looked back from their own cholera-plagued century and called it the Black Death.
Half a century later, trade, confidence, and a renewed obsession with the cult of the dead led to more money being lavished on St Margaret. This was the time that the mighty south porch was built, a Perpendicular fortress that guards, rather uneasily, the Decorated entrance. The church was further furnished with a mighty rood screen, elaborately carved woodwork, and glass and a seven sacrament font intended to assert the official doctrine of the Catholic Church. By the early sixteenth century, Cley church was at a peak of its glory, but very quickly those times were to tumble.
The English Reformation brought to an abrupt end the need for bequests, and all work on developing the building stopped. And, state protestantism would sow the seeds that would help England emerge as an insular, capitalist nation, changing patterns of trade, and doing away with the need for Blakeney Haven, pushing Norfolk back into the relief of a long, agricultural sleep.
So, you take a walk around the outside of St Margaret, the window tracery a text book of the way English architecture developed over the centuries. The most beautiful is that in the south transept, elegant lights that build to a cluster of vast quatrefoils. This was competed on the eve of the Black Death, and is probably at the very apex of English artistic endeavour. But I think that it was never filled with glass. I can see no evidence that the transepts were completed in time for their use before the pestilence, or that there was ever a need to use them after the recovery from it. And, then, of course, the Reformation intervened.
You step into the church through the south porch, with its flanking shields of the Holy Trinity and the Instruments of the passion. Above, in the vaulting, are bosses. One shows an angry woman chasing a fox that has stolen her magnificent cockerel. Another, shows two devils beating the bare buttocks of a third figure. There is also an Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.
Grand Perpendicular is so common in East Anglia that there is an unfamiliarity about the nave that is breathtaking, a feast for the senses. The west end of the church has been cleared, creating a cathedral-vastness, and the light, while not gloomy, does not have that white East Anglian quality familiar from Perpendicular buildings. The smell is of age rather than furniture polish, a creamy dampness that recalls former business rather than decay. The honeyed stone is also somehow foreign in this heartland of flint. It affects the sound in a different way. The building demands a certain amount of awe that is not just due to its size.
We arrived about an hour before a wedding was due to start, and as we explored the building we saw preparations build, the pews begin to fill, the minister and choir begin to robe, until we felt we were intruding, and left just as the bride arrived. But while I was not completely distracted from documenting the building, it was a reminder to me just how important weddings have become to the Church of England, not just in terms of the income they generate, but as a last bastion of the grounding of Faith in ordinary people's lives. They may no longer have their children baptised, they may no longer come on a Sunday at all; but marriage is the place that simple Christianity touches their lives - that, and their funeral, of course, although increasingly people are more militantly atheist about death than they are about love.
The seven sacrament font looks rather lonely in its clearing, and is not the most spectacular of its kind, although the imagery is a little unusual. The Last Rites, (NW) appear to show the Priest lying on the bed on top of the dying man. Confession (NE) shows the Priest and confessing man facing each other across a shriving bench. Confirmation (E) is the most compelling of all, because it appears to show a tonsured Priest rather than a bishop blessing a group of people that include children and babies. Mass (SW) is shown from behind, the Priest elevating the host while the acolytes on either side kneel and hold tapers. The eighth and odd panel is lost, but was probably the Crucifixion.
The most spectacularly un-East Anglian feature of the church are the great image niches that line the arcades. They are huge. Beneath the pedestals are depicted figures, including musicians (one plays a fife and drum), St George dispatching a dragon and a fearsome lion with a bone. There are traces of original colour, and they are simply spectacular.
More homely are the bench ends, including a beautiful mermaid, several figures reading books, and a poppyhead carved with a face sticking out its tongue, of a type sometimes called Scandal, although I have never been convinced by this. There are many brasses, some in the north aisle and others scattered around the south door, including two figures in their shrouds, and one fragment depicting a group of six weepers. In the north aisle is a fascinating collection of donated and collected ephemera, some suggesting that in the recent past this was a fairly Anglo-catholic place, including a beautiful Russian Orthodox cross. I rushed around taking photographs while the church filled with wedding guests.
And so, it was time to go. I decided that I was impressed by this church, but that I didn't love it. Looking around at the splendour of William Ramsey's work, at what survives of its elaborate furnishings, and sensing the echoes of the rich sacramental life it once hosted, I had a sudden vision of apocalypse - not of the Black Death so much, as of the end of a way of life replaced by something so wholly different in a few short years of Reformation. This church had been built for so much more than congregational worship, but this was all it could now do. It was as if the Anglican community was camped out uneasily in its ruins, in the vastness of something so wholly beyond their imagination.'
EXPLORE Highest Rank #159
Countdown Day #16
There's nothing more exciting to me than observing the coastal brown bears of Alaska - especially in Katmai NP & Preserve, where the bears are so natural and free. they know nothing of humans as anything but visitors that come out and share in their surroundings from time to time. They are innocent to any of the bad habits that humans sometimes - intentionally or unintentionally - teach them. They are curious about our presence and even at times try to interact in non-threatening ways. Most times, they just give us our space, as long as we're giving them their space as well and treating them with the respect that they deserve. Sows and their cubs are always a special treat. Despite the stories that we've all heard about sows being aggressive when they have cubs around, unless they feel threatened by our behavior or surprised, in Katmai (big distinction from populated places like Yellowstone or Glacier NP), I have never witnessed that. In fact, they have been known to use humans as "cub-sitters" when males are present.
This particular shot, from my favorite Katmai visit in 2010, is a special one to me. This sow was just laying in the grasses nursing her cubs when something caused her concern. She then stood up and observed in the direction of the sound or smell of something that bothered her. Two of the cubs ran, but there was one here that was persistent at getting more to eat.
How innocent and free their lives are - at least during this particular time of their lives - and how privileged we were to spend time in their world. For it truly is a special time indeed!
Thanks for stopping by to view the Countdown for 2012. Can't wait! Thanks also for all of your comments and thoughts!
© Debbie Tubridy / © TNWA Photography - All of my images are protected by copyright and may not be used on any site, blog, or forum without my permission.
Mohonk Mountain House
1000 Mountain Rest Road
New Paltz, NY 12561
Mohonk's front entrance.
-------------------
The Early Years.
On a beautiful fall day in 1869, Alfred Homans Smiley, with family and friends, took an excursion to Paltz Point (now known as Sky Top.) On this mountainside outside of New Paltz, they discovered 280 acres of rugged terrain, a lake, and a small tavern owned and operated by John F. Stokes. It was the kind of place Alfred's twin brother Albert Keith Smiley had always dreamed of for a summer retreat. Within weeks, Albert bought the property for $28,000 and with the help of Alfred began transforming and expanding the original tavern into Mohonk Mountain House. Albert's first guests were so enchanted with the natural surroundings and hospitality that they wanted to spend the entire "season" at Mohonk Mountain House.
Mohonk is a corruption of the Delaware Indian word Mogonck, which some believe to mean "lake in the sky."
This was a Quaker hotel upon opening, and temperance was observed. Dancing and public card playing was prohibited. Instead, the lodge offered nature walks, lectures, evening concerts, boating, fishing, bowling and a ten-minute prayer service every morning after breakfast.
The founder of Mohonk, Albert Smiley, was born in Kennebec Country, Maine with his identical twin brother Alfred, to Quaker parents with Scottish and English ancestors. The Smiley twins became ardent scholars, dedicated Quakers, and nature lovers, and graduated from Haverford College to become teachers and then principals at the Friends School in Providence, Rhode Island. Alfred later moved to Poughkeepsie, New York with the intention of farming - until he made his fortuitous outing to Paltz Point in 1869. Albert served as owner and host of the Mountain House and Alfred as on-site manager in the early years. After Alfred left to start his own Mountain Houses on Minnewaska Lake, the twins' half-brother David jointed Albert in the managing of Mohonk Mountain House.
David Smiley (1855-1930), the twins' half-brother and Philadelphia schoolteacher, joined Albert in 1881 as General Manager with his wife Effie. He made Mohonk almost self-sufficient in its ability to provide electrical and heating power, along with some fresh vegetables and meat. He was responsible for constructing several buildings and for road and trail designs.
From 1879 to 1910, the once small lakeside inn grew to its present architectural form. Albert Smiley gradually bought the surrounding land and farms to create a 7,500-acre estate. He said, "I have treated this property, the result of seventy-six purchases, as a landscape artist does his canvas, only my canvas covers seven square miles." With the help of architects, stonemasons, carpenters, gardeners, and local laborers, Albert and Alfred (and later Daniel Smiley) designed and constructed Mohonk Mountain House along with its gardens, gazebos, landscape, and more than 60 miles of carriage roads, trails, and paths.
During the decade of the 1870's, building improvements were a priority, and Mohonk was enlarged to include an addition housing the Dining Room and the Rock Building, a frame structure built on rock. In the 1880's and into the early 1900s, Daniel Smiley, with the help of noted architects Napoleon LeBrun and James E. Ware, fashioned the Mountain House into a Victorian and Edwardian architectural delight.
A wealth of activities and events make up Mohonk's history. As a mostly self-sufficient Mountain House well into the twentieth century, Mohonk had its own farms, dairies, sawmill carriages and driving roads, boys' school, icehouse and ice harvest, telegraph office, and powerhouse.
In Mohonk's earliest years, guests had to call for room service by using speaking tubes installed in the hallways. In 1883, an electric call bell system was installed in 165 guest rooms. Keep in mind electric lights were not introduced until ten years later in 1893.
The Bell Board, located in the Lake Lounge, registered signals from guest rooms requesting room service. It operated on its own low-voltage, battery powered electric supply system using "bell wire" to connect guest rooms with the Bell Board. Each room was provided with a little card that indicated how many times to push the 'bell Button' for each service provided: for example, two times for ice water, or three times to request a porter. The signal would activate a mechanical indicator on the board, alerting the bellman to which room was calling. After reviewing the type of request displayed in the round, wooden box on their desk, the bellman performed the task and pushed a button to learn the request from the board. Eventually telephones were installed in the guest rooms, and this bell system became obsolete.
The Architects.
The principal architects were Napoleon LeBrun who designed most of the frame section of the 1/8 mile long hotel and James Edward Ware who designed the towered stone section.
The present Mountain House consists of nine buildings built over a period of 31 years from 1879 to 1910.
In 1887-88 the Central Building was constructed with Napoleon LeBrun & Sons of New York City as its architects. Four years later the Grove Building, and the Kitchen and Dining Room Building was added with LeBrun in charge. LeBrun served as the architect for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower at One Madison Avenue in Manhattan. The tower was modeled after the Campanile in Venice, Italy.
The Stone Building was built in two sections and at great expense; the first section was completed in 1899, the second in 1902. Ware was known for his work in designing fireproof warehouses and the Osborne Apartment building in Manhattan.
The main dining hall, with its high ceiling and clerestory windows came into use in 1893. It was enlarged in 1910.
The architects LeBrun and Ware, along with input from the twins' half-brother Daniel, fashioned Mohonk Mountain House into a Victorian and Edwardian architectural marvel.
Lake Mohonk
Mohonk Lake's elevation is 1,245 feet above sea level, it is 534' at its widest and 2,119' long and covers 17 acres. At its deepest it is 61'. The lake has had 24' of sediment deposited since the last glacier.
Uplifted millions of years ago, the visible quartz rock was cracked and split along a fault line that runs through the lake. 20,000 years ago, a mile high glacier scooped out the lake basin, scraping down into the shale beneath. That shale now buffers the lake and keeps it neutral, supporting fish and aquatic life. Mohonk Lake is a "sky lake" meaning most of its water comes directly from the sky, and from a small 40-acre watershed. Mohonk Lake is often green from the millions of tiny green plankton. At times reflections from the sky may give the lake a blue or gray hue.
The Smiley Connection - Mohonk, NY - Redlands, California.
In 1879 President Hayes appointed Albert Keith Smiley to the board of Indian commissioners on which he served until his death. It was his interest in Indian affairs that brought him to California for the first time in 1889. He was chairman of a committee to select lands for the many Native California Indian tribes.
Redlands, California became the winter home of Albert K. Smiley and his identical twin Alfred. During the 1890's the twins bought 220 acres atop a ridge of hills overlooking the town of Redlands, and beyond it, the towering San Bernardino Mountains. The land was arid, but they built houses and a reservoir to store water that they piped over a distance of three miles to the ridge. Over the next five years, they constructed five miles of roadway, planted 1,200 varieties of shrubs, trees and flowers and created an orange grove. They name their property Canyon Crest Park and opened it to the public for free. The popular name for it became Smiley Heights.
In the first decade of the 20th century the park's fame spread nationally. Tourist companies and railroads featured the park in their brochures, national magazines published pictorial views, and lecturer showed lantern slides. Automobiles were not allowed. Tours were conducted in 9-passenger tallyhos. The Great Depression of 1929 caused the park to be closed to the public.
In 1896 Alfred H. Smiley laid out a summer resort known as Fredalba Park, (name derived from Alfred and Albert) near the summit of the mountain range north of Redlands, at an elevation of 5,500 feet. Fredalba had 107 acres of woodland in the San Bernardino Mountains. At that time many of Redlands' citizens spent summer months at this near-by resort, which is easy of access by good wagon road.
The brothers' philanthropy extended beyond their park and orchard. Albert also established, at his own expense, a downtown park that he landscaped. He then built on it a library that he presented to the city in 1898 for use by the public. It was named the Albert K. Smiley Public Library. In 1906 he provides funds for a new wing to the building. Alfred served as the head of the Library's Board of Directors until his death in 1903. He gave it liberal financial support, especially for the purchase of books. Both brothers were active in many other civic projects. To this day, the brothers are known as "patron saints of Redlands." Albert K. Smiley died on December 2, 1912, at his winter home in Redlands, California, aged eighty-four.
The Later Years.
Mohonk Mountain House has been managed and stewarded by the Smiley family since its inception in 1869. The family has preserved and fostered many of the values and ideals of Albert Smiley while guiding Mohonk toward the twenty-first century and ensuring its survival.
In 1973, the seven-story hotel, with 261 guestrooms and 138 working fireplaces was listed in the National Register of Historic Places and in 1986 was recognized as a National Historic Landmark.
Earlier in 1966 the family began conveying over 5,000 surrounding acres to the Mohonk Preserve (at that time called the Mohonk Trust) to be maintained as a nature preserve for recreation, education and research. In 1996, on the 125th anniversary of Mohonk Mountain House, the United Nations Environment Programme recognized the Mountain House and the Smiley family "for generations of dedicated leadership and commitment to the protection and enhancement of the environment and for their inestimable contribution to the cause of peace, justice, and sustainable human development."
In 1988 Mohonk Mountain House owners Smiley Brothers Inc., named Donald D. Woodworth (Cornell School of Hotel Administration '57) president. Before that, Mohonk president Bernard Gavin resigned in a cloud of mystery.
In 1990, fourth generation family member Bert Smiley, great-grandnephew of founder Albert K. Smiley, became president of Mohonk Mountain House. Bert Smiley earned a Ph.D. in economics at Princeton, and for several years was an economist in Washington. He returned home to Mohonk full-time in 1990.
Jacquelyn Appeldorn is the Mohonk Mountain House General Manager. Jackie has served in this position for 11 years and oversees a staff of up to 750 full-time and part-time employees. While in college she worked in the Mohonk Mountain House dining room.
Jim Palmeri was appointed Executive Chef at the Mohonk Mountain House in 2007. Chef Palmeri was most recently the executive chef for the Hyatt Regency Scottsdale Resort. He is a graduate of the Culinary School of Kendall College in Chicago.
The Spa at Mohonk, a $13 million, 30,000-square-foot addition, opened in 2005.
Photos and text compiled by Dick Johnson
November 2011
richardlloydjohnson@hotmail.com
I was setting up an entirely different shot and the Princess Samantha was "helping." I looked up and... well, the other photo can wait.
Newark Park was originally a four-storey (three storeys over a basement) Tudor hunting lodge built between 1544 and 1556[1] for Sir Nicholas Poyntz (d.1557), whose main seat was at Acton Court near Bristol, some fifteen miles to the south, an easy day's ride. Poyntz was a Groom of the Privy Chamber to Henry VIII[2] and had recently remodeled Acton Park in anticipation of a royal visit. "Newark is equally fashionable in terms of its precocious classicism," observes Nicholas Cooper, who points out its rigorously symmetrical front (illustration), unprecedented in the main body of any great house in its time, and the correct Tuscan order of its original main door.[3] The house was then called "New Work"[1] and was partly constructed with building materials from the recently dissolved Kingswood Abbey,[2] some five miles away. The lodge was three bays wide and of single-pile construction, one room deep. In the basement was a kitchen, there were two reception rooms on the ground floor and a banqueting room on the first.[4] Modest sleeping quarters were provided on the third floor, and the roof was flat so that it could be used as a pleasurable lookout over the surrounding countryside,[1] in which it enjoys a commanding position. It was built at about the same time as nearby Siston Court was being built by Sir Maurice Denys (d.1563), first cousin of Poyntz's wife Jane Berkeley. Poyntz's original lodge now forms the eastern part of the present structure.
In 1600 the lodge was sold to the Low family of London who in 1672 significantly extended the building by the addition of a second four-storey building to the west, which was joined to the original by a passage stairway creating an H-shaped footprint. The Lows owned Newark Park until 1722 when it was sold for £6,010 (equivalent to £846,000 today) to the Harding family who after making some minor alterations sold it to James Clutterbuck. The Clutterbucks engaged the architect James Wyatt to remodel it into a four-square house in 1790. Their improvements included the creation of a formal deer-park to the south of the house and landscaping of the rest of the grounds.
The Clutterbucks left Newark in 1860 and let it out, but even though it was tenanted the occupants continued to make alterations and improvements. Mrs Annie Poole King family, widow of a Bristol shipping merchant took the leasehold in 1898, moving from the larger Standish House at Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.[5] A member of the Berkeley Hunt, she had five children, plus a house staff of a coachman, cook, housekeeper, and gardener. The King family added servants' quarters on the north side, installed a hot-air heating system and ran hot water to the second floor. The Kings stayed at Newark until 1949 when the last of the line died and the then owner, Mrs Power-Clutterbuck, gave Newark Park and its estates to the National Trust.[1]
When the Trust took ownership they did not open Newark Park to the public but instead let it out to tenants who ran it as a nursing home. By 1970 the house was in a state of disrepair and the gardens overgrown. It was in this state that American architect Robert (Bob) Parsons (1920–2000), who had long expressed a desire to take on an English country house in need of repair, took the tenancy and began a painstaking programme of renovation, conservation and rehabilitation to both the house and the grounds.[6] It was due to Bob Parson's efforts that the architectural importance of the house was acknowledged and the Grade I listing achieved.[1]
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Yaverland, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 14/03/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life'
está sem luz mas no meu coraçao a sua beleza terá sempre uma cham,estes velhinhos candeeiros sabem histórias que partilham comigo AMORA PORTUGAL
Observed this bird for 10-15 minutes at close range in thick cover
At no time did it vocalize or flick it's tail.
All seven of us may have assumed "Hermit's Thrush as there has been a reported push of them migrating thru.
Bassett Park, Washtucna, Adams County, Washington, USA
Observed at Orland Grassland on October 24, 2016
South La Grange Road & 167th St, Orland Park, Illinois 60467, USA. (*Thanks for the ID of Swamp Sparrow by Patrick Maurice. This makes it a Lifer.)
There is no better light show, than to stand on a pristine granite sandy beach with pristine rippling water and gleaming sunspots moving like electrons in space, neurons in the body, mycelium underground, all the rivers of earth, you name it...you see it, it's there, in a moment. I wish these videos could fully present what I felt watching this, standing in the water with the camera trying to convey this magic...but a few of my crusty contacts insist that bad quality, or not, I ought to post a video once in a while, so here you are Mark...I hope you can bring some enlightenment to your situation.
The supernova explosion that created this object was first observed on Earth in February 1987. Chandra sees X-rays produced by debris from the explosion. X-rays from Chandra (purple); optical and infrared from Hubble (red, green, blue); infrared from Webb (red, green, and blue)
Read more about Chandra's 25th anniversary: chandra.cfa.harvard.edu/photo/2024/25th/
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical/Infrared: NASA/ESA/STScI; Infrared: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Major
Visual Description:
At the center of this composite image is a small object resembling a glowing pink Cheerio. This is supernova SN 1987A, named after the year the core-collapse explosion was first observed on Earth. It is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small nearby galaxy. The pink Cheerio, or equatorial ring, represents material ejected tens of thousands of years before the supernova explosion. The blast wave from the supernova is striking the ring, causing it to produce X-rays detected by Chandra. Inside this ring is a pale, steel blue dot containing debris from the star that exploded.. The ring sits at the center of a ghostly figure 8, outlined in brick orange. This entire structure is surrounded by a packed field of stars, specks and dots in white, blue, and orange. A long, brick orange cloud hovers near the left edge of the image.
Remembrance Sunday
In the United Kingdom, Remembrance Sunday is held on the second Sunday in November, which is the Sunday nearest to 11 November Armistice Day, the anniversary of the end of hostilities in the First World War at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918. Remembrance Sunday is held to commemorate the contribution of British and Commonwealth military and civilian servicemen and women in the two World Wars and later conflicts.
Remembrance Sunday is marked by ceremonies at local war memorials in most cities, towns and villages, attended by civic dignitaries, ex-servicemen and -women, members of local armed forces regular and reserve units, military cadet forces and uniformed youth organisations. Wreaths of remembrance poppies are laid on the memorials and two minutes’ silence is observed at 11 a.m.
The United Kingdom national ceremony is held in London at the Cenotaph in Whitehall. Wreaths are laid by Queen Elizabeth II, principal members of the Royal Family normally including the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, the Earl of Wessex and the Duke of Kent, the Prime Minister, leaders of the other major political parties, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Commonwealth High Commissioners and representatives from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets and the civilian services, and veterans’ groups. Two minutes' silence is held at 11 a.m., before the laying of the wreaths. This silence is marked by the firing of a field gun on Horse Guards Parade to begin and end the silence, followed by Royal Marines buglers sounding Last Post.
The parade consists mainly of an extensive march past, with military bands playing music following the list of the Traditional Music of Remembrance.
Other members of the British Royal Family watch from the balcony of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
After the ceremony, a parade of veterans and other related groups, organised by the Royal British Legion, marches past the Cenotaph, each section of which lays a wreath as it passes. Only ticketed participants can take part in the march past.
From 1919 until the Second World War remembrance observance was always marked on 11 November itself. It was then moved to Remembrance Sunday, but since the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1995, it has become usual to hold ceremonies on both Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday.
Each year, the programme of music at the National Ceremony remains the same, following a programme finalised in 1930:
Rule, Britannia! by Thomas Arne
Heart of Oak by William Boyce
The Minstrel Boy by Thomas Moore
Men of Harlech
The Skye Boat Song
Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly
David of the White Rock
Oft in the Stilly Night by John Stevenson
Flowers of the Forest
Nimrod from the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar
Dido's lament by Henry Purcell
O Valiant Hearts by Charles Harris
Solemn Melody by Walford Davies
Last Post – a bugle call
Beethoven's Funeral March No. 1, by Johann Heinrich Walch
O God, Our Help in Ages Past – words by Isaac Watts, music by William Croft
Reveille – a bugle call
God Save The Queen
Other pieces of music are then played during the march past and wreath laying by veterans, starting with Trumpet Voluntary and followed by It's A Long Way To Tipperary, the marching song of the Connaught Rangers, a famous British Army Irish Regiment of long ago.
Cenotaph Ceremony and March Past - 10 November 2013 Order of March and Ticket Allocation
Column D [Lead Column]
Marker NumberDetachmentNo of marchers
1War Widows Association 126
2British Gurkha Welfare Society 78
3West Indian Association of Service Personnel 18
4Trucial Oman Scouts Association 18
5Bond Van Wapenbroeders 26
6Polish Ex-Combatants Association in Great Britain Trust Fund 40
7Canadian Veterans Association 10
9Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association (UK Branch) 24
10Hong Kong Military Service Corps 18
11Foreign Legion Association 24
12Not Forgotten Association 54
13The Royal British Legion 348
14The Royal British Legion Poppy Factory 6 New
15The Royal British Legion Scotland 26
16Ulster Defence Regiment72
18Northern Ireland Veterans' Association 42
19Irish United Nations Veterans Association 12
20ONET UK 10
21St Helena Government UK 24
22Commando Veterans Association 30
23South Atlantic Medal Association 196
24SSAFA Forces Help 66
25First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 12
26Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen & Women 48
27British Nuclear Test Veterans Association 48
28British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association 48
29British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association24
30Royal Hospital Chelsea 30
31Queen Alexandra's Hospital Home for Disabled Ex-Servicemen30
32The Royal Star & Garter Homes20
33Combat Stress48
34Walking With The Wounded14
Total 1,590
Column E
1Merchant Navy Association 150
2Royal Naval Association 160
3Royal Marines Association 198
4Aircraft Handlers Association36
5Telegraphist Air Gunners Association12
6Aircrewmans Association30
7Cloud Observers Association10
8Fleet Air Arm Armourers Association36
9Fleet Air Arm Association30
10Fleet Air Arm Bucaneer Association24
11Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association24
12Fleet Air Arm Junglie Association18
13Fleet Air Arm Officers Association40
14Fleet Air Arm Safety Equipment & Survival Association18
15Sea Harrier Association24
16Flower Class Corvette Association18
17LST & Landing Craft Association10
18HMS Andromeda Association18
19HMS Bulwark, Albion & Centaur Association22
20HMS Cumberland Association18
21HMS Ganges Association36
22HMS Glasgow Association30
23HMS St Vincent Association36
24HMS Tiger Association20
25Algerines Association25
26Ton Class Association30
27Type 42 Association35 New
28Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service35
29VAD RN Association18
30Association of WRENS90
31Royal Fleet Auxiliary Association10
32Royal Naval Communications Association30
33Royal Naval Medical Branch Ratings & Sick Berth Staff Association 6
34Royal Naval Benevolent Trust18
35Royal Navy School of Physical Training24
36Russian Convoy Club30
37Yangtze Incident Association24
38Special Boat Service Association 6
39Submariners Association30
40Association of Royal Yachtsmen24
41Broadsword Association36
Total 1,489
Column F
1British Korean Veterans Association 500
2National Malaya & Borneo Veterans Association98
3Normandy Veterans Association 6
4National Service Veterans Alliance 150
5Italy Star Association48
6Monte Cassino Society20
7Gallantry Medallists League36
8National Pigeon War Service30
9National Gulf Veterans & Families Association30
10Fellowship of the Services 150
11Burma Star Association50
12Far East Prisoners of War 8
14Memorable Order of Tin Hats36
15Suez Veterans Association50
16Aden Veterans Association84
171st Army Association36
18Showmens' Guild of Great Britain30
19Queen's Bodyguard of The Yeoman of The Guard18
20Popski's Private Army 4
21Pen and Sword Club18
22Black and White Club18 New
Total 1,420
Column A
2Royal Northumberland Fusiliers48
3The Duke of Lancaster's Regimental Association30
4Green Howards Association44
6Cheshire Regiment Association24
7Sherwood Foresters & Worcestershire Regiment36
8Mercian Regiment Association30
9Rifles Regimental Association48
10The Rifles & Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire & Wiltshire Regimental Association
30
11Royal Irish Regiment Association12
12Durham Light Infantry Association60
13King's Royal Rifle Corps Association60
14Light Infantry Association48 New
151LI Association36 New
16Royal Green Jackets Association 198
17Parachute Regimental Association 174
18The Royal Regiment of Scotland Association18 New
19Royal Scots Regimental Association40
20King's Own Scottish Borderers50
21Black Watch Association45
22Gordon Highlanders Association60
23Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Association 6
24The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)24 New
25Grenadier Guards Association48
26Coldstream Guards Association48
27Scots Guards Association40
28Guards Parachute Association36
294 Company Association (Parachute Regiment)24
30Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment72
32Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs) Past & Present Association30
33Royal Sussex Regimental Association12
34Royal Hampshire Regiment Comrades Association12
Total 1,443
Column B
1Blind Veterans UK 198
2Royal Scots Dragoon Guards30
3Royal Dragoon Guards78
4Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own & Royal Irish)12
5Kings Royal Hussars Regimental Association96
6The 16/5th Queen's Royal Lancers36 New
7Gurkha Brigade Association36
8JLR RAC Old Boys' Association30
943rd Reconnaissance Regiment Old Comrades Association 6
10Army Dog Unit Northern Ireland Association48
11North Irish Horse & Irish Regiments Old Comrades Association78
12Association of Ammunition Technicians36
13Beachley Old Boys Association36
14Arborfield Old Boys Association18
15Women's Royal Army Corps Association 120
16656 Squadron Association72
17Home Guard Association12
183rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery Association60
19Royal Artillery Association18
20Royal Engineers Association30
21Royal Engineers Bomb Disposal Association65
22Airborne Engineers Association24
23Mill Hill (Postal & Courier Services) Veterans' Association30 New
24Royal Signals Association48
25Army Air Corps Association42
26Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps of Transport Association40
27RAOC Association18
28Army Catering Corps Association48
29Royal Pioneer Corps Association54
30Reconnaissance Corps18
31Royal Army Medical Corps Association36
32Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Association48
33Royal Military Police Association 100
34The RAEC and ETS Branch Association 6
35Royal Army Pay Corps Regimental Association36
36Royal Army Veterinary Corps & Royal Army Dental Corps18
37Intelligence Corps Association30
38Royal Army Physical Training Corps24
39Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Association48
Total 1,783
Column C
1Royal Air Forces Association 125
2Royal Air Force Regiment Association 300
3Royal Air Forces Ex-Prisoner's of War Association20
4 Federation of Royal Air Force Apprentice & Boy Entrant Associations 150
5Royal Air Force Air Loadmasters Association24
6Royal Air Force Police Association90
7Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Association40
8Bomber Command Association20
9Royal Observer Corps Association80
10National Service (Royal Air Force) Association42
11RAFLING Association24
126 Squadron (Royal Air Force) Association18
137 Squadron Association30
14RAF Habbaniya Association30
15Royal Air Force & Defence Fire Services Association30
16Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Sections Club12
17Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Association30
18Royal Air Force Butterworth & Penang Association 6
19Royal Air Force Yatesbury Association15
20Royal Air Force Airfield Construction Branch Association12
21Women's Auxiliary Air Force12
22Blenheim Society18
23Coastal Command & Maritime Air Association24
Total 1,152
Column M
1Transport For London48
2First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps)24
3Munitions Workers Association18
4Children of the Far East Prisoners of War60
5Evacuees Reunion Association48
6TOC H12
7Salvation Army36
8NAAFI12
10Civil Defence Association10
11British Resistance Movement (Coleshill Auxiliary Research Team)12 New
12National Association of Retired Police Officers36
13Metropolitan Special Constabulary36
14London Ambulance Service NHS Trust36
15London Ambulance Service Retirement Association18
16St John Ambulance36
17St Andrew's Ambulance Association 6
18Firefighters Memorial Trust24
19Royal Ulster Constabulary (GC) Association36
20Ulster Special Constabulary Association30
21Commonwealth War Graves Commission12
22Daniel's Trust36
23Civilians Representing Families85
24Royal Mail Group Ltd24
25Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals24
26The Blue Cross18
27PDSA24
28HM Ships Glorious Ardent & ACASTA Association24
29Old Cryptians' Club12
30Fighting G Club18
31Malayan Volunteers Group12
32Gallipoli Association18
33Ministry of Defence30
34RBL Non Ex-Service Members 123
35Union Jack Club12
36Western Front Association11
37Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign18
38Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes24
39National Association of Round Tables24
40Lions Club International24
41Rotary International24
4241 Club 6 New
43Equity12
44Romany & Traveller Society18
45Sea Cadet Corps30
46Combined Cadet Force30
47Army Cadet Force30
48Air Training Corps30
49Scout Association30
50Girlguiding London & South East England30
51Boys Brigade30
52Girls Brigade England & Wales30
53Church Lads & Church Girls Brigade30
54Metropolitan Police Volunteer Police Cadets18
55St John Ambulance Cadets18
56British Red Cross12 New
Total 1,489
Newindicates first time participation in 2013.
Cenotaph Ceremony & March Past - 10 November 2013 Summary of Contingent Composition
Column A1,443
Column B1,783
Column C1,152
Column D1,590
Column E1,489
Column F1,420
Sub-total8,877
Column M1,489
Total 10,366
News report on 10 November 2013
Remembrance Sunday 2013: The Queen leads nation in honouring fallen heroes
Her Majesty laid the first wreath at the Cenotaph on Whitehall as the UK fell silent at 11am in tribute to those who lost their lives in conflict
The Queen was joined by Prince Philip and other members of the Royal Family as she led the nation in honouring members of the Armed Forces killed in conflict.
The monarch laid the first wreath at the Cenotaph on Whitehall to commemorate all those who have made the ultimate sacrifice in the decades since the First World War, bowing her head after paying her respects.
As Remembrance Sunday services took place around the UK to remember our war dead, the royals, politicians, military leaders, veterans and serving personnel laid wreaths of poppies at the monument.
Prince Harry was laying the wreath on behalf of his father Prince Charles, who is currently abroad on an official tour of India with the Duchess of Cornwall, and was marking the occasion there.
Kate Middleton, who dressed in a navy, military-style coat, watched from a balcony with Sophie, Countess of Wessex and Princess Anne's husband, Vice Admiral Timothy Laurence.
Troops in Afghanistan were joined by the Duke of York, who laid a wreath during a service held at Camp Bastion in Helmand Province to mark Remembrance Sunday.
Defence Secretary Philip Hammond also flew to Afghanistan last night to join servicemen and women.
Millions across the UK fell silent in tribute to those lost in war, joining the crowds gathered in central London who stood in a moment of quiet contemplation as Big Ben struck 11am.
During the two-minute silence, only the distant sounds of traffic and the rustling of leaves could be heard, despite the fact that police said Whitehall was at capacity.
The beginning and end of the silence was marked with the firing of a round by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery, using a 13-pounder First World War gun.
In cold but bright weather, the royals and dignitaries then laid their wreaths at the Cenotaph.
Prime Minister David Cameron was first after the royals to do so, followed by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and Labour leader Ed Miliband.
Former prime ministers Sir John Major, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, and London Mayor Boris Johnson also attended the ceremony.
The Duchess of Cambridge was accompanied on the Foreign Office balcony by the Countess of Wessex and Vice Admiral Tim Laurence.
The Duke of Edinburgh, who joined the Royal Navy in 1939, wore the uniform of an Admiral of the Fleet for the ceremony. Prince Harry, who has undertaken two tours of duty in Afghanistan, wore the uniform of a Captain in the Household Cavalry. His brother William left operational service recently after more than seven years in the forces. He wore the uniform of Royal Air Force Flight Lieutenant.
Following the wreath-laying, the Bishop of London the Right Reverend Richard Chartres conducted a short service in his role as Dean of HM Chapels Royal.
More than 10,000 veterans and civilians then marched past the Cenotaph to pay their respects to their departed comrades, led this year by members of the War Widows Association, wearing black coats and red scarves.
They were all warmly applauded as they paraded past, some veterans in wheelchairs and motorised scooters as they marked the loss of their comrades.
There was a large contingent of veterans from the Korean War, the armistice of which was 60 years ago.
The 70th anniversaries of the Battle of the Atlantic and the Dambusters' Raid were also marked this year.
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Remembrance Sunday, 8 November 2015
In the United Kingdom, Remembrance Sunday is held on the second Sunday in November, which is the Sunday nearest to 11 November, Armistice Day, the anniversary of the end of hostilities in the First World War at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918. Remembrance Sunday is held to commemorate the contribution of British and Commonwealth military and civilian servicemen and women in the two World Wars and later conflicts.
Remembrance Sunday is marked by ceremonies at local war memorials in most cities, towns and villages, attended by civic dignitaries, ex-servicemen and -women, members of local armed forces regular and reserve units, military cadet forces and uniformed youth organisations. Two minutes’ silence is observed at 11 a.m. and wreaths of remembrance poppies are then laid on the memorials.
The United Kingdom national ceremony is held in London at the Cenotaph in Whitehall. Wreaths are laid by Queen Elizabeth II, principal members of the Royal Family normally including the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, the Earl of Wessex and the Duke of Kent, the Prime Minister, leaders of the other major political parties, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Commonwealth High Commissioners and representatives from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets and the civilian services, and veterans’ groups. Two minutes' silence is held at 11 a.m., before the laying of the wreaths. This silence is marked by the firing of a field gun on Horse Guards Parade to begin and end the silence, followed by Royal Marines buglers sounding Last Post.
The parade consists mainly of an extensive march past by veterans, with military bands playing music following the list of the Traditional Music of Remembrance.
Other members of the British Royal Family watch from the balcony of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
After the ceremony, a parade of veterans and other related groups, organised by the Royal British Legion, marches past the Cenotaph, each section of which lays a wreath as it passes. Only ticketed participants can take part in the march past.
From 1919 until the Second World War remembrance observance was always marked on 11 November itself. It was then moved to Remembrance Sunday, but since the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1995, it has become usual to hold ceremonies on both Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday.
Each year, the music at the National Ceremony of Remembrance remains the same, following a programme finalised in 1930:
Rule, Britannia! by Thomas Arne
Heart of Oak by William Boyce
The Minstrel Boy by Thomas Moore
Men of Harlech
The Skye Boat Song
Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly
David of the White Rock
Oft in the Stilly Night by John Stevenson
Flowers of the Forest
Nimrod from the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar
Dido's lament by Henry Purcell
O Valiant Hearts by Charles Harris
Solemn Melody by Walford Davies
Last Post – a bugle call
Beethoven's Funeral March No. 1, by Johann Heinrich Walch
O God, Our Help in Ages Past – words by Isaac Watts, music by William Croft
Reveille – a bugle call
God Save The Queen
Other pieces of music are then played during the march past and wreath laying by veterans, starting with Trumpet Voluntary and followed by It's A Long Way To Tipperary, the marching song of the Connaught Rangers, a famous British Army Irish Regiment of long ago.
The following is complied from press reports on 8 November 2015:
"The nation paid silent respect to the country's war dead today in a Remembrance Sunday service. Leading the nation in remembrance, as ever, was the Queen, who first laid a wreath at the Cenotaph in 1945 and has done so every year since, except on the four occasions when she was overseas.
Dressed in her customary all-black ensemble with a clutch of scarlet poppies pinned against her left shoulder, she stepped forward following the end of the two-minute silence marked by the sounding of Last Post by 10 Royal Marine buglers.
The Queen laid her wreath at the foot of the Sir Edwin Lutyens Portland stone monument to the Glorious Dead, then stood with her head momentarily bowed.
She was joined by King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, who was invited to the Cenotaph for the first time to lay a wreath marking the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands by British troops.
Watched by his wife Queen Maxima, who stood next to the Duchess of Cambridge in the Royal Box, the King laid a wreath marked with the simple message, 'In remembrance of the British men and women who gave their lives for our future.'
Wreaths were then laid by members of the Royal Family, all wearing military uniform: Prince Philip; then Prince Andrew, Prince Harry and Prince William at the same time ; then Prince Edward, Princess Anne and the Duke of Kent at the same time.
Three members of the Royal Family laying wreaths at the same time was an innovation in 2015 designed to slightly reduce the amount of time of the ceremony and thereby reduce the time that the Queen had to be standing.
Prince Charles attended a remembrance service in New Zealand.
The Prime Minister then laid a wreath. The Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, appeared at the Cenotaph for the first time. He wore both a suit and a red poppy for the occasion.
His bow as he laid a wreath marked with the words 'let us resolve to create a world of peace' was imperceptible – and not enough for some critics. Yet unlike the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Battle service earlier this year, Mr Corbyn did join in with the singing of the national anthem.
Following the end of the official service at the Cenotaph, a mammoth column more than 10,000-strong (some 9,000 of whom were veterans) began marching along Whitehall, saluting the Cenotaph as they passed, Parliament Street, Great George Street, Horse Guards Road and back to Horse Guard Parade. The Duke of Cambridge took the salute from the column on Horse Guards Parade.
Time takes its inevitable toll on even the most stoic among us, and this year only a dozen World War Two veterans marched with the Spirit of Normandy Trust, a year after the Normandy Veterans' Association disbanded.
Within their ranks was 95-year-old former Sapper Don Sheppard of the Royal Engineers. Sheppard was of the eldest on parade and was pushed in his wheelchair by his 19-year-old grandson, Sam who, in between studying at Queen Mary University, volunteers with the Normandy veterans.
'It is because of my admiration for them,' he says. 'I see them as role models and just have the utmost respect for what they did.'
While some had blankets covering their legs against the grey November day, other veterans of more recent wars had only stumps to show for their service to this country during 13 long years of war in Afghanistan.
As well as that terrible toll of personal sacrifice, the collective losses – and triumphs - of some of the country’s most historic regiments were also honoured yesterday.
The Gurkha Brigade Association - marking 200 years of service in the British Army – marched to warm ripples of applause. The King’s Royal Hussars, represented yesterday by 126 veterans, this year also celebrate 300 years since the regiment was raised.
They were led by General Sir Richard Shirreff, former Deputy Supreme Allied Commander of Nato and Colonel of the regiment who himself was marching for the first time.
'We are joined by a golden thread to all those generations who have gone before us,” he said. “We are who we are, because of those that have gone before us.' "
Cenotaph Ceremony & March Past - 8 November 2015
Summary of Contingents
Column Number of marchers
B (Lead) 1,754
C 1,298
D 1,312
E 1,497
F 1,325
A 1,551
Ex-Service Total 8,737
M (Non ex-Service) 1,621
Total 10,358
Column B
Marker Detachment Number
1 Reconnaissance Corps 18 Anniversary
2 43rd Reconnaissance Regiment Old Comrades Assoc 10
3 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery Association 60
4 Royal Artillery Association 18
5 Royal Engineers Association 37
6 Royal Engineers Bomb Disposal Association 65 Anniversary
7 Airborne Engineers Association 24
8 Royal Signals Association 48
9 Army Air Corps Association 42
10 Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps Transport Assoc 54
11 RAOC Association 18
12 Army Catering Corps Association 48
13 Royal Pioneer Corps Association 54 Anniversary
14 Royal Army Medical Corps Association 36
15 Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Association 48
16 Royal Military Police Association 100
17 The RAEC and ETS Branch Association 12
18 Royal Army Pay Corps Regimental Association 36
19 Royal Army Veterinary Corps & Royal Army Dental Corps 18
20 Royal Army Physical Training Corps 24
21 Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Assoc 48
22 Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 30
23 Royal Dragoon Guards 78
24 Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own & Royal Irish) 12
25 Kings Royal Hussars Regimental Association 126
26 16/5th Queen's Royal Lancers 36
27 17/21 Lancers 30
28 The Royal Lancers 24 New for 2015
29 JLR RAC Old Boys' Association 30
30 Association of Ammunition Technicians 24
31 Beachley Old Boys Association 36
32 Arborfield Old Boys Association 25
33 Gallipoli & Dardenelles International 24
34 Special Observers Association 24
35 The Parachute Squadron Royal Armoured Corps 24 New
36 Intelligence Corps Association 48
37 Women's Royal Army Corps Association 120
38 656 Squadron Association 24
39 Home Guard Association 9
40 British Resistance Movement (Coleshill Research Team) 12
41 British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association 48
42 British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association 24
43 Royal Hospital Chelsea 30
44 Queen Alexandra's Hospital Home for Disabled Ex-Servicemen & Women 30
45 The Royal Star & Garter Homes 20
46 Combat Stress 48
Total 1,754
Column C
Marker Detachment Number
1 Royal Air Force Association 150
2 Royal Air Force Regiment Association 300
3 Royal Air Forces Ex-Prisoner's of War Association 20
4 Royal Observer Corps Association 75 Anniversary
5 National Service (Royal Air Force) Association 42
6 RAFLING Association 24
7 6 Squadron (Royal Air Force) Association 18
8 7 Squadron Association 25
9 8 Squadron Association 24
10 RAF Habbaniya Association 25
11 Royal Air Force & Defence Fire Services Association 30
12 Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Association 30
13 Units of the Far East Air Force 28 New
14 Royal Air Force Yatesbury Association 16
15 Royal Air Force Airfield Construction Branch Association 12
16 RAFSE(s) Assoc 45 New
17 Royal Air Force Movements and Mobile Air Movements Squadron Association (RAF MAMS) 24
18 Royal Air Force Masirah & Salalah Veterans Assoc 24 New
19 WAAF/WRAF/RAF(W) 25
19 Blenheim Society 18
20 Coastal Command & Maritime Air Association 24
21 Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Sections Club 15
22 Federation of RAF Apprentice & Boy Entrant Assocs 150
23 Royal Air Force Air Loadmasters Association 24
24 Royal Air Force Police Association 90
25 Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Association 40
Total 1,298
Column D
Marker Detachment Number
1 Not Forgotten Association 54
2 Stoll 18
3 Ulster Defence Regiment 72
4 Army Dog Unit Northern Ireland Association 48
5 North Irish Horse & Irish Regiments Old Comrades Association 78
6 Northern Ireland Veterans' Association 40
7 Irish United Nations Veterans Association 12
8 ONET UK 10
9 St Helena Government UK 24
10 South Atlantic Medal Association 196
11 SSAFA 37
12 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 12
13 Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen & Women 48
14 British Nuclear Test Veterans Association 48
15 War Widows Association 132
16 Gurkha Brigade Association 160 Anniversary
17 British Gurkha Welfare Society 100 Anniversary
18 West Indian Association of Service Personnel 18
19 Trucial Oman Scouts Association 18
20 Bond Van Wapenbroeders 35
21 Polish Ex-Combatants Association in Great Britain 25
22 Stowarzyszenie Polskich Kombatantów Limited 18 New
23 Royal Hong Kong Regiment Association 12
24 Canadian Veterans Association 10
25 Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association (UK Branch) 24
26 Hong Kong Military Service Corps 28
27 Foreign Legion Association 24
28 Undivided Indian Army Ex Servicemen Association 11 New
Total 1,312
Column E
Marker Detachment Number
1 Royal Marines Association 198
2 Royal Naval Association 150
3 Merchant Navy Association 130
4 Sea Harrier Association 24
5 Flower Class Corvette Association 18
6 HMS Andromeda Association 18
7 HMS Argonaut Association 30
8 HMS Bulwark, Albion & Centaur Association 25
9 HMS Cumberland Association 18
10 HMS Ganges Association 48
11 HMS Glasgow Association 30
12 HMS St Vincent Association 26
13 HMS Tiger Association 25
14 Algerines Association 20
15 Ton Class Association 24
16 Type 42 Association 48
17 Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service 36
18 Association of WRENS 90
19 Royal Fleet Auxiliary Association 10
20 Royal Naval Communications Association 30
21 Royal Naval Medical Branch Ratings & Sick Berth Staff Association 24
22 Royal Naval Benevolent Trust 18
23 Yangtze Incident Association 24
24 Special Boat Service Association 6
25 Submariners Association 30
26 Association of Royal Yachtsmen 30
27 Broadsword Association 36
28 Aircraft Handlers Association 36
29 Aircrewmans Association 40 Anniversary
30 Cloud Observers Association 10
31 The Fisgard Association 40
32 Fleet Air Arm Armourers Association 36
33 Fleet Air Arm Association 25
34 Fleet Air Arm Bucaneer Association 24
35 Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association 24
36 Fleet Air Arm Junglie Association 18
37 Fleet Air Arm Officers Association 30
38 Fleet Air Arm Safety Equipment & Survival Association 24
39 Royal Navy School of Physical Training 24
Total 1,497
Column F
Marker Detachment Number
1 Blind Veterans UK 198
2 Far East Prisoners of War 18
3 Burma Star Association 40
4 Monte Cassino Society20
5 Queen's Bodyguard of The Yeoman of The Guard 18
6 Pen and Sword Club 15
7 TRBL Ex-Service Members 301
8 The Royal British Legion Poppy Factory 4
9 The Royal British Legion Scotland 24
10 Officers Association 5
11 Black and White Club 18
12 National Pigeon War Service 30
13 National Service Veterans Alliance 50
14 Gallantry Medallists League 46
15 National Malaya & Borneo Veterans Association 98
16 National Gulf Veterans & Families Association 30
17 Fellowship of the Services 100
18 Memorable Order of Tin Hats 24
19 Suez Veterans Association 50
20 Aden Veterans Association 72
21 1st Army Association 36
22 Showmens' Guild of Great Britain 40
23 Special Forces Club 12
24 The Spirit of Normandy Trust 28
25 Italy Star Association, 1943-1945, 48
Total 1,325
Column A
Marker Detachment Number
1 1LI Association 36
2 Royal Green Jackets Association 198
3 Parachute Regimental Association 174
4 King's Own Scottish Borderers 60
5 Black Watch Association 45
6 Gordon Highlanders Association 60
7 Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Association 12
8 Queen's Own Highlanders Regimental Association 48
9 London Scottish Regimental Association 30
10 Grenadier Guards Association 48
11 Coldstream Guards Association 48
12 Scots Guards Association 48
13 Guards Parachute Association 36
14 4 Company Association (Parachute Regiment) 24
15 Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment 72
16 Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs) Past & Present Association 30
17 Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) Regimental Association 24
18 Royal Hampshire Regiment Comrades Association 14
19 The Royal Hampshire Regimental Club 24 New for 2015
20 Royal Northumberland Fusiliers 48 New
21 Royal Sussex Regimental Association 12
22 Green Howards Association 24
23 Cheshire Regiment Association 24
24 Sherwood Foresters & Worcestershire Regiment 36
25 Mercian Regiment Association 30
26 Special Air Service Regimental Association 4
27 The King's Own Royal Border Regiment 100
28 The Staffordshire Regiment 48
29 Rifles Regimental Association 40
30 The Rifles & Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire & Wiltshire Regimental Association 30
31 Durham Light Infantry Association 60
32 King's Royal Rifle Corps Association 50
33 King's African Rifles 14 New for 2015
Total 1,551
Column M
Marker Detachment Number
1 Transport For London 48
2 Children of the Far East Prisoners of War 60
3 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 24
4 Munitions Workers Association18
5 Evacuees Reunion Association48
6 TOC H 20
7 Salvation Army 36
8 Naval Canteen Service & Expeditionary Force Institutes Association 12 Previously NAAFI
9 Royal Voluntary Service 24
10 Civil Defence Association 8
11 National Association of Retired Police Officers 36
12 Metropolitan Special Constabulary 36
13 London Ambulance Service NHS Trust 36
14 London Ambulance Service Retirement Association 18
15 St John Ambulance 36
16 British Red Cross 12
17 St Andrew's Ambulance Association 6
18 The Firefighters Memorial Trust 24
19 Royal Ulster Constabulary (GC) Association 36
20 Ulster Special Constabulary Association 30
21 Commonwealth War Graves Commission 12
22 Daniel's Trust 36
23 Civilians Representing Families 180
24 Royal Mail Group Ltd 24
25 Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 24
26 The Blue Cross 24
27 PDSA 24
28 HM Ships Glorious Ardent & ACASTA Association 24 Anniversary
29 Old Cryptians' Club 12
30 Fighting G Club 18 Anniversary
31 Malayan Volunteers Group 12
32 Gallipoli Association 18
33 Ministry of Defence 20
34 TRBL Non Ex-Service Members 117
35 TRBL Women's Section 20
36 Union Jack Club 12
37 Western Front Association 8
38 Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign 18
39 Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes 24
40 National Association of Round Tables 24
41 Lions Club International 24
42 Rotary International 24
43 41 Club 6
44 Equity 12
45 Romany & Traveller Society 18
46 Sea Cadet Corps 30
47 Combined Cadet Force 30
48 Army Cadet Force 30
49 Air Training Corps 30
50 Scout Association 30
51 Girlguiding London & South East England 30
52 Boys Brigade 30
53 Girls Brigade England & Wales 30
54 Church Lads & Church Girls Brigade 30
55 Metropolitan Police Volunteer Police Cadets 18
56 St John Ambulance Cadets 18
57 YMCA 12
Total 1,621
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 8, Nos. 1-4, 1914
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1914
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Preface v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Special articles:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The application of psychiatry to certain military problems, by W. A.
White, M. D 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Schistosomiasis on the Yangtze River, with report of cases, by R. H.
Laning, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 16</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A brief discussion of matters pertaining to health and sanitation,
observed on the summer practice cruise of 1913 for midshipmen of the third
class, by J. L. Neilson, surgeon, United States Navy 36</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Technique of neosalvarsan administration, and a brief outline of the
treatment for syphilis used at the United States Naval Hospital, Norfolk, Va., by
W. Chambers, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 45</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some notes on the disposal of wastes, by A. Farenholt, surgeon, United States
Navy 47</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The medical department on expeditionary duty, by R. E. Hoyt, surgeon, United
States Navy 51</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new brigade medical outfit, by T. W. Richards, surgeon, United States
Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis; report of 10 cases, by G.
F. Cottle, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 65</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on mistakes made with the Nomenclature, 1913, Abstract of patients
(Form F), and the Statistical report (Form K), by C. E. Alexander, pharmacist,
United States Navy 70</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Classification of the United States Navy Nomenclature, 1913, by C. E. Alexander,
pharmacist, United States Navy 75</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">On the methods employed for the detection and determination of
disturbances in the sense of equilibrium of flyers. Translated by H. G. Beyer,
medical director, United States Navy, retired 87</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">United States Naval Medical School laboratories:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the pathological collection 107</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the helminthological collection 107</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Suggested devices:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A portable air sampling apparatus for use aboard ship, by E. W. Brown, passed
assistant surgeon, United States Navy 109</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new design for a sanitary pail 111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Clinical notes:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of paresis, with apparent remission, following neosalvarsan, by R.
F. Sheehan, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 113</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Case reports from Guam, by E. O. J. Eytinge, passed assistant surgeon, United
States Navy 116</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Stab wound of ascending colon; suture; recovery, by H. C. Curl,
surgeon, United States Navy 123</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Perforation of a duodenal ulcer, by H. F. Strine, surgeon, United
States Navy 124</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Two cases of bone surgery, by R. Spear, surgeon, United States Navy 125</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Editorial comment: </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Brig. Gen. George II. Torney, Surgeon General United States Army 127</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical ethics in the Navy 127</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical officers in civil practice 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Progress in medical sciences:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. —Some anatomic and physiologic principles concerning
pyloric ulcer. By H. C. Curl. Low-priced clinical thermometers; a warning. By.
L. W. Johnson. The value of X-ray examinations in the</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">diagnosis of ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. The primary cause of
rheumatoid arthritis. Strychnine in heart failure. On the treatment of
leukaemia with benzol. By A. W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. — Surgical aspects of furuncles and carbuncles. Iodine
idiosyncrasy. By L. W. Johnson. Rectus transplantation for deficiency of
internal oblique muscle in certain cases of inguinal hernia. The technic of
nephro- pyelo- and ureterolithotomy. Recurrence of inguinal hernia. By H. C.
Curl and R. A. Warner 138</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and sanitation. —Ozone: Its bactericidal, physiologic and
deodorizing action. The alleged purification of air by the ozone machine. By E.
W. Brown. The prevention of dental caries. Gun-running operations in the
Persian Gulf in 1909 and 1910. The croton bug (Ectobia germanica) as a factor
in bacterial dissemination. Fumigation of vessels for the destruction of rats.
Improved moist chamber for mosquito breeding. The necessity for international
reforms in the sanitation of crew spaces on</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">merchant vessels. By C. N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell 143</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical medicine. —The transmissibility of the lepra bacillus by the
bite of the bedbug. By L. W. Johnson. A note on a case of loa loa. Cases of
syphilitic pyrexia simulating tropical fevers. Verruga peruviana, oroya fever
and uta. Ankylostomiasis in Nyasaland. Experimental entamoebic dysentery. By E.
R. Stitt ... 148</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The relation of the spleen
to the blood destruction and regeneration and to hemolytic jaundice: 6, The
blood picture at various periods after splenectomy. The presence of tubercle
bacilli in the feces. By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark 157</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chemistry and pharmacy. —Detection of bile pigments in urine. Value of the
guaiacum test for bloodstains. New reagent for the detection of traces of
blood. Estimation of urea. Estimation of uric acid in urine. By E. W. Brown and
O. G. Ruge 158</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Probable deleterious effect of salvarsan
on the eye. Effect of salvarsan on the eye. Fate of patients with
parenchymatous keratitis due to hereditary lues. Trachoma, prevalence of, in
the United States. The exploratory needle puncture of the maxillary antrum in
100 tuberculous individuals. Auterobic organisms associated with acute
rhinitis. Toxicity of human tonsils. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Miscellaneous. —Yearbook of the medical association of
Frankfurt-am-Main. By R. C. Ransdell 163</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reports and letters:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Notes on the Clinical Congress of Surgeons. By G. F. Cottle, passed
assistant surgeon, United States Navy 167</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Preface v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Special articles:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of the fourteenth annual meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society,
by J. R. Phelps, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy. 171</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Typhoid perforation; five operations with three recoveries, by G. G.
Holladay, assistant surgeon, Medic al Reserve Corps, United States Navy 238</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A satisfactory method for easily obtaining material from syphilitic
lesions, by E. R. Stitt, medical inspector, United States Navy 242</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of measles and mumps in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger, surgeon,
United States Navy 243</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The feeble-minded from a military standpoint, by A. R. Schier, acting assistant
surgeon, United States Navy 247</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Towne-Lambert elimination treatment of drug addictions, by W. M. Kerr,
passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 258</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical experiences in the Amazonian Tropics, by C. C. Ammerman, assistant
surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Navy 270</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">United States Naval Medical School laboratories:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the pathological collection 281</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the helminthologieal collection 281</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Suggested devices:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An easy method for obtaining blood cultures and for preparing blood
agar, by E. R. Stitt, medical inspector, and G. F. Clark, passed assistant surgeon,
United States Navy 283</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Humidity regulating device on a modern battleship, by R. C. Ransdell, passed
assistant surgeon, United States Navy 284</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Clinical notes:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Lateral sinus thrombosis, report of case, by G. F. Cottle, passed
assistant surgeon. United States Navy 287</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Twenty-two cases of poisoning by the seeds of Jatropha curcai, by J. A.
Randall, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 290</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Shellac bolus in the stomach in fatal case of poisoning by weed
alcohol, by H. F. Hull and O. J. Mink, passed assistant surgeons, United States
Navy 291</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of pneumonia complicated by gangrenous endocarditis, by G. B. Crow,
passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 292</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Progress in medical sciences:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. —On progressive paralysis in the imperial navy during
the years 1901-1911. By H. G. Beyer. An etiological study of Hodgkin's disease.
The etiology and vaccine treatment of Hodgkin's dis</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ease. Coryncbacterium hodgkini in lymphatic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
Autointoxication and subinfection. Studies of syphilis. The treatment of the
pneumonias. Whooping cough: Etiolcgy, diagnosis, and vaccine treatment. A new
and logical treatment for alcoholism. Intraspinous injection of salvarsanized
serum in the treatment of syphilis of the nervous system, including tabes and
paresis. On the infective nature of certain cases of splenomegaly and Banti's
disease. The etiology and vaccine treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Cultural
results in Hodgkin's disease. By A. W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow 295</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery- Interesting cases of gunshot injury treated at Hankow during
the revolution of 1911 and 1912 in China. The fool's paradise stage in
appendicitis. By L. W. Johnson. The present status of bismuth paste treatment
of suppurative sinuses and empyema. The inguinal route operation for femoral
hernia; with supplementary note on Cooper's ligament. By R. Spear and R. A.
Warner 307</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and sanitation. — A contribution to the chemistry of
ventilation. The use of ozone in ventilation. By E. \V. Brown. Pulmonary
tuberculosis in the royal navy, with special reference to its detection and
prevention. An investigation into the keeping properties of condensed milks at
the temperature of tropical climates. By C. N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell 313</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical medicine. —Seven days fever of the Indian ports. By L. W.
Johnson. Intestinal schistosomiasis in the Sudan. Disease carriers in our army
in India. Origin and present status of the emetin treatment of amebic
dysentery. The culture of leishmania from the finger blood of a case of Indian
kala-azar. By E. R. Stitt 315</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The isolation of
typhoid bacilli from feces by means of brilliant green in fluid medium. By C.
N. Fiske. An efficient and convenient stain for use in the eeneral examination
of blood films. By 0. B. Crow. A contribution to the epidemiology of
poliomyelitis. A contribution to the pathology of epidemic poliomyelitis. A
note on the etiology of epidemic<span>
</span>oliomyelitis. Transmutations within the streptococcus-pneumococcus
group. The etiology of acute rheumatism, articular and muscular. By A. B.
Clifford and G. F. Clark 320</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chemistry and pharmacy.— Centrifugal method for estimating albumin in
urine. Detection of albumin in urine. New indican reaction A report on the
chemistry, technology, and pharmacology of and the legislation pertaining to
methyl alcohol. By E. W. Brown and O. O. Ruge. . 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —The use of local anesthesia in
exenteration of the orbit. Salvarsan in<span>
</span>ophthalmic practice. The effect of salvarsan on the eye. Total blindness
from the toxic action of wood alcohol, with recovery of vision under negative
galvanism. Furunculosis of the external auditory canal; the use of alcohol as a
valuable aid in treatment. Local treatment of Vincent's angina with salvarsan.
Perforated ear drum may be responsible for sudden death in water. The indications
for operating in acute mastoiditis. Turbinotomy. Why is nasal catarrh so
prevalent in the United States? By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 330</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Miscellaneous. — The organization and work of the hospital ship Re d’
Italia. ByG. B. Trible 333</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reports and letters:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correspondence concerning the article "Some aspects of the
prophylaxis of typhoid fever by injection of killed cultures," by Surg. C.
S. Butler, United States Navy, which appeared in the Bulletin, October, 1913
339</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Malaria on the U. S. S. Tacoma from February, 1913, to February, 1914.
by I. S. K. Reeves, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 344</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Extracts from annual sanitary reports for 1913 345</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Preface vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Special articles:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Economy and waste in naval hospitals, by E. M. Shipp, surgeon, and P.
J. Waldner, chief pharmacist, United States Navy 357</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The new method of physical training in the United States Navy, by J. A.
Murphy, surgeon, United States Navy 368</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A study of the etiology of gangosa in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger,
surgeon, United States Navy 381</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Unreliability of Wassermann tests using unheated serum, by E. R. Stitt,
medical inspector, and G. F. Clark, passed assistant surgeon, United States
Navy 410</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory note on antigens, by G. F. Clark, pasted assistant surgeon,
United States Navy 411</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Prevention of mouth infection, by Joseph Head, M. D., D. D. S 411</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Medical Department at general quarters and preparations for battle,
by A. Farenholt, surgeon, United States Navy 421</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A bacteriological index for dirt in milk, by J. J. Kinyoun, assistant
surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Navy 435</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Brief description of proposed plan of a fleet hospital ship, based upon
the type auxiliary hull, by E. M. Blackwell, surgeon, United States Navy.. 442</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The diagnostic value of the cutaneous tuberculin test in recruiting, by
E. M. Brown, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy, retired 448</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">United States Naval Medical School laboratories:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the pathological collection 453</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Suggested devices:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A sanitary mess table for hospitals, by F. M. Bogan, surgeon, United
States Navy 455</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A suggested improvement of the Navy scuttle butt, by E. M. Blackwell,
surgeon, United States Navy 455</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Clinical notes:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Malaria cured by neosalvarsan, by F. M. Bogan, surgeon, United States
Navy 457</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of rupture of the bladder with fracture of the pelvis, by H. F.
Strine, surgeon, and M. E. Higgins, passed assistant surgeon, United States
Navy. 458</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Clinical observations on the use of succinimid of mercury, by T. W.
Reed, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 459</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Points in the post-mortem ligation of the lingual artery, by O. J.
Mink, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 462</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Notes on the wounded at Vera Cruz, by H. F. Strine, surgeon, and M. E.
Higgins, passed assistant surgeon. United States Navy 464</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Case reports from the Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, N. H., by F. M.
Bogan, surgeon, United States Navy 469</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Progress in medical sciences:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. —The mouth in the etiology and symptomatology of
general systemic disturbances. Statistique m£dicale de la marine, 1909. By L.
W. Johnson. Antityphoid inoculation. Vaccines from the standpoint of the
physician. The treatment of sciatica. Chronic gastric ulcer and its relation to
gastric carcinoma. The nonprotein nitrogenous constituents of the blood in
chronic vascular nephritis<span>
</span>(arteriosclero-iis) as influenced by the level of protein metabolism.
The influence of diet on hepatic necrosis and toxicity of chloroform. The
rational treatment of tetanus. The comparative value of cardiac remedies. By A.
W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Psychiatry. —Abderhalden's method. Precis de psychiatric Constitutional
immorality. Nine years' experience with manic-depressive insanity. The pupil
and its reflexes in insanity. By R. F. Sheehan.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —On the occurrence of traumatic dislocations (luxationen) in
the Imperial German Navy during the last 20 years. By H. G. Beyer. The wounding
effects of the Turkish sharp-pointed bullet. By T. W. Richards. Intestinal
obstruction: formation and absorption of toxin. By G. B. Crow </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and sanitation. —Relation of oysters to the transmission of
infectious diseases. The proper diet in the Tropics, with some pertinent remarks
on the use of alcohol. By E. W. Brown. Report of committee</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">upon period of isolation and exclusion from school in cases of
communicable disease. Resultats d'une enquete relative a la morbidity venerienne
dans la division navale d'Extreme-Orient et aux moyens susceptibles de la
restreindre. Ship's hygiene in the middle of the seventeenth century- Progress in
ship's hygiene during the nineteenth century. The origin of some of the
streptococci found in milk. On the further perfecting of mosquito spraying. By
C. N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical medicine. — Le transport, colloidal de medicaments dans le cholera.
By T. W. Richards. Cholera in the Turkish Army. A supposed case of yellow fever
in Jamaica. By L. W. Johnson. Note on a new geographic locality for balantidiosis.
Brief note on Toxoplasma pyroqenes. Note on certain protozoalike bodies in a
case of protracted fever with splenomegaly. The emetine and other treatment of
amebic dysentery and hepatitis, including liver abscess. A study of epidemic dysentery
in the Fiji Islands. By E. R. Stitt</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — The best method of staining
Treponema pallidum. By C. N. Fiske. Bacteriological methods of meat analysis.
By R. C. Ransdell. Primary tissue lesions in the heart produced by Spirochete
pallida. Ten tests by which a physician may determine when p patient is cured
of gonorrhea. Diagnostic value of percutaneous tuberculin test (Moro). Some
causes of failure of vaccine therapy. A method of increasing the accuracy and
delicacy of the Wassermann reaction: By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chemistry and pharmacy. —Quantitative test of pancreatic function. A comparison
of various preservatives of urine. A clinical method for the rapid estimation
of the quantity of dextrose in urine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Intraocular pressure. Strauma as an
important factor in diseases of the eye. Carbonic cauterization "in the
treatment of granular ophthalmia. Ocular and other complications of syphilis treated
by salvarsan. Some notes on hay fever. A radiographic study of the mastoid. Ear
complications during typhoid fever. Su di un caso di piccola sanguisuga
cavallina nel bronco destro e su 7 casi di grosse sanguisughe cavalline in
laringe in trachea e rino-faringe. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reports and letters: </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">American medico-psychological association, by R. F. Sheehan, passed assistant
surgeon, United States Navy 517</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of 11 cases of asphyxiation from coal gas, by L. C. Whiteside,
passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 522</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Extracts from annual sanitary reports for 1913 — United States Naval
Academy, Annapolis, Md., by A. M. D. McCormick, medical director, United States
Navy 523</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. Arkansas, by W. B. Grove, surgeon, United States Navy 524 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Marine barracks, Camp Elliott, Canal Zone, Panama, by B. H. Dorsey, passed
assistant surgeon, United States Navy 525</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. Cincinnati, by J. B. Mears, passed assistant surgeon. United States
Navy 526</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. Florida, by M. S. Elliott, surgeon, United States Navy 527</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Naval training station, Great Lakes, Ill., by J. S. Taylor, surgeon, United
States Navy 527</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Naval station, Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger, surgeon, United States Navy
528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo., by G. H. Barber, medical inspector, United
States Navy 532</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. Nebraska, by E. H. H. Old, passed assistant surgeon, United States
Navy 533</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. North Dakota, by J. C. Pryor, surgeon, United States Navy. .
534</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Navy yard, Olongapo, P. L, by J. S. Woodward, passed assistant surgeon,
United States Navy 536</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. San Francisco, by T. W. Reed, passed assistant surgeon, United
States Navy 537</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. Saratoga, by H. R. Hermesch, assistant surgeon, United States Navy
538</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. Scorpion, by E. P. Huff, passed assistant surgeon, United States
Navy 538</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. S. West Virginia, by O. J. Mink, passed assistant surgeon, United
States Navy 539</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Preface V</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Special articles:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some prevailing ideas regarding the treatment of tuberculosis, by
Passed Asst. Surg. G. B. Crow 541</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Training School for the Hospital Corps of the Navy, by Surg. F. E. McCullough
and Passed Asst. Surg. J. B. Kaufman 555</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Khaki dye for white uniforms, by Passed Asst. Surg. W. E. Eaton 561</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some facts and some fancies regarding the unity of yaws and syphilis,
by Surg. C. S. Butler 561</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Quinine prophylaxis of malaria, by Passed Asst. Surg. L. W. McGuire 571</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The nervous system and naval warfare, translated by Surg. T. W.
Richards. 576</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Measles, by Surg. G. F. Freeman 586</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Smallpox and vaccination, by Passed Asst. Surg. T. W. Raison 589</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Rabies; methods of diagnosis and immunization, by Passed Asst. Surg. F.
X. Koltes 597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis aboard ship, by Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Systematic recording and treatment of syphilis, by Surg. A. M.
Fauntleroy and Passed Asst. Surg. E. H. H. Old 620</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Organization and station bills of the U. S. naval hospital ship Solace,
by Surg. W. M. Garton 624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">United States Naval Medical School laboratories:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the pathological collection 647</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Additions to the helminthological collection 647</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Clinical notes:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Succinimid of mercury in pyorrhea alveolaris, by Acting Asst. Dental Surg.
P. G. White 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of pityriasis rosea, by Surg. R. E. Ledbetter 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Emetin in the treatment of amebic abscess of the liver, by Surg. H. F. Strine
and Passed Asst. Surg. L. Sheldon, jr 653 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Salvarsan in a case of amebic dysentery, by Passed Asst. Surg. O. J.
Mink. . 653</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laceration of the subclavian artery and complete severing of brachial plexus,
by Surg. H. C. Curl and Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 654</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Malarial infection complicating splenectomy, by Surg. H. F. Strine 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of gastric hemorrhage; operative interference impossible, by
Passed Arst. Surg. G. E. Robertson 656</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Operation for strangulated hernia, by Passed Asst. Surg. W. S. Pugh 657</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of bronchiectasis with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy,
by Passed Asst. Surg. L. C. Whiteside 658</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Editorial comment:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Systematic recording and treatment of syphilis 665</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Progress in medical sciences: <span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. —A note of three cases of enteric fever inoculated
during the incubation period. By T. W. Richards. The modern treatment of
chancroids. The treatment of burns. By W. E. Eaton. Experiments on the curative
value of the intraspinal administration of tetanus antitoxin. Hexamethylenamin.
<span> </span>Hexamethylenamin as an internal
antiseptic in other fluids of the body than urine. Lumbar puncture as a special
procedure for controlling headache in the course of infectious diseases.
Cardiospasm. Acromion auscultation; a new and delicate test in the early
diagnosis of incipient pulmonary tuberculosis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Diabetes mellitus and its differentiation from alimentary glycosuria.
The complement fixation test in typhoid fever; its comparison with the
agglutination test and blood culture method. By C. B. Crow.. 671</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Mental and nervous diseases. —A voice sign in chorea. By G. B. Crow.
Wassermann reaction and its application to neurology. Epilepsy: a theory of
causation founded upon the clinical manifestations and the therapeutic and
pathological data. Salvarsanized serum (Swift-Ellis treatment) in syphilitic diseases
of the central nervous system. Mental manifestations in tumors of the brain.
Some of the broader issues of the psycho-analytic n movement. Mental disease
and defect in United States troops. By R. Sheehan 6S1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. — Infiltration anesthesia. War surgery. Tenoplasty; tendon transplantation;
tendon substitution; neuroplasty. Carcinoma of the male breast. Visceral
pleureotomy for chronic empyema. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 6S8</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and sanitation. — Further experiences with the Berkefold filter
in the purifying of lead-contaminated water. By T. W. Richards. Experiments in
the destruction of fly larvae in horse manure. By A. B. Clifford. Investigation
relative to the life cycle, brooding, and tome practical moans of reducing the
multiplication of flies in camp. By W. E. Eaton, Humidity and heat stroke;
further observations on an<span> </span>analysis of
50 cases. By C. N. Fiske 693</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical medicine. — The treatment of aneylostoma anemia. Latent dysentery
or dysentery carriers. Naphthalone for the destruction of mosquitoes. Emetin in
amebic dysentery. By E. R. Stitt 704</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Meningitis by
injection of pyogenic microbes in the peripheral nerves. The growth of pathogenic
intestinal bacteria in bread. Present status of the complement fixation test in
the diagnosis of gonorrheal infections. Practical application of the luetin
test. By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark 707</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat. — Misting of eyeglasses. By E. L. Sleeth.
The treatment of ocular syphilis by salvarsan and neo salvarsan. The moving
picture and the eye. Treatment of various forms of ocular syphilis with
salvarsan. Rapid, painless, and bloodless method for removing the inferior
turbinate. Hemorrhage from the superior petrosal sinus. The frequency of
laryngeal tuberculosis in Massachusetts.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Intrinsic cancer of larynx. Treatment of hematoma of the auricle. By E.
J. Grow and G. B. Trible 709</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reports and letters:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Care of wounded at Mazatlan and at Villa Union, by Medical Inspector S.
G. Evans 713</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medico-military reports of the occupation of Vera Cruz 715</p>
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Our shirtless shackled hero - or villain? - in the allegorical representation of the executive branch lacks a nipple.
Artisans capable of producing such a splendid mosaic should have been able to depict a nipple had they been directed to - or would it have disrupted the flowing lines of tiles that give the surfaces a sense of topographic relief?
According to the Iowa legislature's Web site,
"Six mosaics in arched panels are located directly above the mural painting Westward, located on the east side of the Capitol's third floor. The mosaics were made in Venice, Italy, out of tiles of glass. Frederick Dielman of New York created the mosaics, installing them at the Capitol in 1908. The mosaics depict Defense, Charities, Education, and the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of government. Dielman was paid $10,000 to create this work of art, the last artwork to be installed in the Capitol."
"The following, taken from the book The Iowa Capitol: A Harvest of Design, was written regarding the mosaics:
'The reason for using mosaics instead of paint, was to get as much of an architectural feeling in these panels as possible, and to avoid conflict or rivalry between them and the mural, Westward, directly below. Another reason was to give the Dielman mosaics carrying power enough to overcome the extra distance from the spectator. It will be observed that the mosaics have been made to take up the color and feeling of the architecture about them. . .' "
For even more information about the mosaics, please go to:
www.legis.iowa.gov/DOCS/LSA/Tidbits/2012/TBJMA014.PDF
You'll be glad you did.
Concerning the artist, Wikipedia tells us:
"Frederick Dielman (25 December 1847 – August 25, 1935) was an American portrait and figure painter."
"He was born in Hanover, Germany. He was taken to the United States in early childhood. He graduated from Calvert College in New Windsor, Maryland, in 1864, and from 1866 to 1872 served as a topographer and draughtsman for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Fortress Monroe and Baltimore, and in the survey of canal routes over the Alleghanies in Virginia. He then studied under Wilhelm von Diez at the Royal Academy at Munich where he received a medal in the life class."
"He opened a studio in New York City, where he worked at first as an illustrator of books and magazines, and became a distinguished draughtsman and painter of genre pictures. He was one of the original members of the Society of American Artists, was made a National Academician in 1883, and was also a member of the American Water Color Society, the New York Etching Club, and the Salmagundi Sketch Club. He was president of the Arts Federation of New York."
"In 1899, he was elected president of the National Academy of Design. In 1903, Dielman became professor of drawing at the College of the City of New York and about the same time was made director of the art schools at Cooper Union."
"He made major contributions to deluxe editions of works by Longfellow, Hawthorne, George Eliot, and other writers, and to the various publications of the Tile Club, of which he was a member. His mural decorations and mosaic panels for the Library of Congress in Washington are notable. Among his pictures shown at National Academy exhibitions were 'The Patrician Lady' (1877), 'Young Gamblers' (1885), and a 'Head' (1886). One of the best known of his illustrations is that entitled 'A Girl I Know.' "
Remembrance Sunday
In the United Kingdom, Remembrance Sunday is held on the second Sunday in November, which is the Sunday nearest to 11 November Armistice Day, the anniversary of the end of hostilities in the First World War at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918. Remembrance Sunday is held to commemorate the contribution of British and Commonwealth military and civilian servicemen and women in the two World Wars and later conflicts.
Remembrance Sunday is marked by ceremonies at local war memorials in most cities, towns and villages, attended by civic dignitaries, ex-servicemen and -women, members of local armed forces regular and reserve units, military cadet forces and uniformed youth organisations. Wreaths of remembrance poppies are laid on the memorials and two minutes’ silence is observed at 11 a.m.
The United Kingdom national ceremony is held in London at the Cenotaph in Whitehall. Wreaths are laid by Queen Elizabeth II, principal members of the Royal Family normally including the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, the Earl of Wessex and the Duke of Kent, the Prime Minister, leaders of the other major political parties, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Commonwealth High Commissioners and representatives from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets and the civilian services, and veterans’ groups. Two minutes' silence is held at 11 a.m., before the laying of the wreaths. This silence is marked by the firing of a field gun on Horse Guards Parade to begin and end the silence, followed by Royal Marines buglers sounding Last Post.
The parade consists mainly of an extensive march past, with military bands playing music following the list of the Traditional Music of Remembrance.
Other members of the British Royal Family watch from the balcony of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
After the ceremony, a parade of veterans and other related groups, organised by the Royal British Legion, marches past the Cenotaph, each section of which lays a wreath as it passes. Only ticketed participants can take part in the march past.
From 1919 until the Second World War remembrance observance was always marked on 11 November itself. It was then moved to Remembrance Sunday, but since the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1995, it has become usual to hold ceremonies on both Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday.
Each year, the programme of music at the National Ceremony remains the same, following a programme finalised in 1930:
Rule, Britannia! by Thomas Arne
Heart of Oak by William Boyce
The Minstrel Boy by Thomas Moore
Men of Harlech
The Skye Boat Song
Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly
David of the White Rock
Oft in the Stilly Night by John Stevenson
Flowers of the Forest
Nimrod from the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar
Dido's lament by Henry Purcell
O Valiant Hearts by Charles Harris
Solemn Melody by Walford Davies
Last Post – a bugle call
Beethoven's Funeral March No. 1, by Johann Heinrich Walch
O God, Our Help in Ages Past – words by Isaac Watts, music by William Croft
Reveille – a bugle call
God Save The Queen
Other pieces of music are then played during the march past and wreath laying by veterans, starting with Trumpet Voluntary and followed by It's A Long Way To Tipperary, the marching song of the Connaught Rangers, a famous British Army Irish Regiment of long ago.
Cenotaph Ceremony and March Past - 10 November 2013 Order of March and Ticket Allocation
Column D [Lead Column]
Marker NumberDetachmentNo of marchers
1War Widows Association 126
2British Gurkha Welfare Society 78
3West Indian Association of Service Personnel 18
4Trucial Oman Scouts Association 18
5Bond Van Wapenbroeders 26
6Polish Ex-Combatants Association in Great Britain Trust Fund 40
7Canadian Veterans Association 10
9Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association (UK Branch) 24
10Hong Kong Military Service Corps 18
11Foreign Legion Association 24
12Not Forgotten Association 54
13The Royal British Legion 348
14The Royal British Legion Poppy Factory 6 New
15The Royal British Legion Scotland 26
16Ulster Defence Regiment72
18Northern Ireland Veterans' Association 42
19Irish United Nations Veterans Association 12
20ONET UK 10
21St Helena Government UK 24
22Commando Veterans Association 30
23South Atlantic Medal Association 196
24SSAFA Forces Help 66
25First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 12
26Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen & Women 48
27British Nuclear Test Veterans Association 48
28British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association 48
29British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association24
30Royal Hospital Chelsea 30
31Queen Alexandra's Hospital Home for Disabled Ex-Servicemen30
32The Royal Star & Garter Homes20
33Combat Stress48
34Walking With The Wounded14
Total 1,590
Column E
1Merchant Navy Association 150
2Royal Naval Association 160
3Royal Marines Association 198
4Aircraft Handlers Association36
5Telegraphist Air Gunners Association12
6Aircrewmans Association30
7Cloud Observers Association10
8Fleet Air Arm Armourers Association36
9Fleet Air Arm Association30
10Fleet Air Arm Bucaneer Association24
11Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association24
12Fleet Air Arm Junglie Association18
13Fleet Air Arm Officers Association40
14Fleet Air Arm Safety Equipment & Survival Association18
15Sea Harrier Association24
16Flower Class Corvette Association18
17LST & Landing Craft Association10
18HMS Andromeda Association18
19HMS Bulwark, Albion & Centaur Association22
20HMS Cumberland Association18
21HMS Ganges Association36
22HMS Glasgow Association30
23HMS St Vincent Association36
24HMS Tiger Association20
25Algerines Association25
26Ton Class Association30
27Type 42 Association35 New
28Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service35
29VAD RN Association18
30Association of WRENS90
31Royal Fleet Auxiliary Association10
32Royal Naval Communications Association30
33Royal Naval Medical Branch Ratings & Sick Berth Staff Association 6
34Royal Naval Benevolent Trust18
35Royal Navy School of Physical Training24
36Russian Convoy Club30
37Yangtze Incident Association24
38Special Boat Service Association 6
39Submariners Association30
40Association of Royal Yachtsmen24
41Broadsword Association36
Total 1,489
Column F
1British Korean Veterans Association 500
2National Malaya & Borneo Veterans Association98
3Normandy Veterans Association 6
4National Service Veterans Alliance 150
5Italy Star Association48
6Monte Cassino Society20
7Gallantry Medallists League36
8National Pigeon War Service30
9National Gulf Veterans & Families Association30
10Fellowship of the Services 150
11Burma Star Association50
12Far East Prisoners of War 8
14Memorable Order of Tin Hats36
15Suez Veterans Association50
16Aden Veterans Association84
171st Army Association36
18Showmens' Guild of Great Britain30
19Queen's Bodyguard of The Yeoman of The Guard18
20Popski's Private Army 4
21Pen and Sword Club18
22Black and White Club18 New
Total 1,420
Column A
2Royal Northumberland Fusiliers48
3The Duke of Lancaster's Regimental Association30
4Green Howards Association44
6Cheshire Regiment Association24
7Sherwood Foresters & Worcestershire Regiment36
8Mercian Regiment Association30
9Rifles Regimental Association48
10The Rifles & Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire & Wiltshire Regimental Association
30
11Royal Irish Regiment Association12
12Durham Light Infantry Association60
13King's Royal Rifle Corps Association60
14Light Infantry Association48 New
151LI Association36 New
16Royal Green Jackets Association 198
17Parachute Regimental Association 174
18The Royal Regiment of Scotland Association18 New
19Royal Scots Regimental Association40
20King's Own Scottish Borderers50
21Black Watch Association45
22Gordon Highlanders Association60
23Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Association 6
24The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)24 New
25Grenadier Guards Association48
26Coldstream Guards Association48
27Scots Guards Association40
28Guards Parachute Association36
294 Company Association (Parachute Regiment)24
30Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment72
32Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs) Past & Present Association30
33Royal Sussex Regimental Association12
34Royal Hampshire Regiment Comrades Association12
Total 1,443
Column B
1Blind Veterans UK 198
2Royal Scots Dragoon Guards30
3Royal Dragoon Guards78
4Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own & Royal Irish)12
5Kings Royal Hussars Regimental Association96
6The 16/5th Queen's Royal Lancers36 New
7Gurkha Brigade Association36
8JLR RAC Old Boys' Association30
943rd Reconnaissance Regiment Old Comrades Association 6
10Army Dog Unit Northern Ireland Association48
11North Irish Horse & Irish Regiments Old Comrades Association78
12Association of Ammunition Technicians36
13Beachley Old Boys Association36
14Arborfield Old Boys Association18
15Women's Royal Army Corps Association 120
16656 Squadron Association72
17Home Guard Association12
183rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery Association60
19Royal Artillery Association18
20Royal Engineers Association30
21Royal Engineers Bomb Disposal Association65
22Airborne Engineers Association24
23Mill Hill (Postal & Courier Services) Veterans' Association30 New
24Royal Signals Association48
25Army Air Corps Association42
26Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps of Transport Association40
27RAOC Association18
28Army Catering Corps Association48
29Royal Pioneer Corps Association54
30Reconnaissance Corps18
31Royal Army Medical Corps Association36
32Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Association48
33Royal Military Police Association 100
34The RAEC and ETS Branch Association 6
35Royal Army Pay Corps Regimental Association36
36Royal Army Veterinary Corps & Royal Army Dental Corps18
37Intelligence Corps Association30
38Royal Army Physical Training Corps24
39Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Association48
Total 1,783
Column C
1Royal Air Forces Association 125
2Royal Air Force Regiment Association 300
3Royal Air Forces Ex-Prisoner's of War Association20
4 Federation of Royal Air Force Apprentice & Boy Entrant Associations 150
5Royal Air Force Air Loadmasters Association24
6Royal Air Force Police Association90
7Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Association40
8Bomber Command Association20
9Royal Observer Corps Association80
10National Service (Royal Air Force) Association42
11RAFLING Association24
126 Squadron (Royal Air Force) Association18
137 Squadron Association30
14RAF Habbaniya Association30
15Royal Air Force & Defence Fire Services Association30
16Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Sections Club12
17Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Association30
18Royal Air Force Butterworth & Penang Association 6
19Royal Air Force Yatesbury Association15
20Royal Air Force Airfield Construction Branch Association12
21Women's Auxiliary Air Force12
22Blenheim Society18
23Coastal Command & Maritime Air Association24
Total 1,152
Column M
1Transport For London48
2First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps)24
3Munitions Workers Association18
4Children of the Far East Prisoners of War60
5Evacuees Reunion Association48
6TOC H12
7Salvation Army36
8NAAFI12
10Civil Defence Association10
11British Resistance Movement (Coleshill Auxiliary Research Team)12 New
12National Association of Retired Police Officers36
13Metropolitan Special Constabulary36
14London Ambulance Service NHS Trust36
15London Ambulance Service Retirement Association18
16St John Ambulance36
17St Andrew's Ambulance Association 6
18Firefighters Memorial Trust24
19Royal Ulster Constabulary (GC) Association36
20Ulster Special Constabulary Association30
21Commonwealth War Graves Commission12
22Daniel's Trust36
23Civilians Representing Families85
24Royal Mail Group Ltd24
25Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals24
26The Blue Cross18
27PDSA24
28HM Ships Glorious Ardent & ACASTA Association24
29Old Cryptians' Club12
30Fighting G Club18
31Malayan Volunteers Group12
32Gallipoli Association18
33Ministry of Defence30
34RBL Non Ex-Service Members 123
35Union Jack Club12
36Western Front Association11
37Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign18
38Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes24
39National Association of Round Tables24
40Lions Club International24
41Rotary International24
4241 Club 6 New
43Equity12
44Romany & Traveller Society18
45Sea Cadet Corps30
46Combined Cadet Force30
47Army Cadet Force30
48Air Training Corps30
49Scout Association30
50Girlguiding London & South East England30
51Boys Brigade30
52Girls Brigade England & Wales30
53Church Lads & Church Girls Brigade30
54Metropolitan Police Volunteer Police Cadets18
55St John Ambulance Cadets18
56British Red Cross12 New
Total 1,489
Newindicates first time participation in 2013.
Cenotaph Ceremony & March Past - 10 November 2013 Summary of Contingent Composition
Column A1,443
Column B1,783
Column C1,152
Column D1,590
Column E1,489
Column F1,420
Sub-total8,877
Column M1,489
Total 10,366
News report on 10 November 2013
Remembrance Sunday 2013: The Queen leads nation in honouring fallen heroes
Her Majesty laid the first wreath at the Cenotaph on Whitehall as the UK fell silent at 11am in tribute to those who lost their lives in conflict
The Queen was joined by Prince Philip and other members of the Royal Family as she led the nation in honouring members of the Armed Forces killed in conflict.
The monarch laid the first wreath at the Cenotaph on Whitehall to commemorate all those who have made the ultimate sacrifice in the decades since the First World War, bowing her head after paying her respects.
As Remembrance Sunday services took place around the UK to remember our war dead, the royals, politicians, military leaders, veterans and serving personnel laid wreaths of poppies at the monument.
Prince Harry was laying the wreath on behalf of his father Prince Charles, who is currently abroad on an official tour of India with the Duchess of Cornwall, and was marking the occasion there.
Kate Middleton, who dressed in a navy, military-style coat, watched from a balcony with Sophie, Countess of Wessex and Princess Anne's husband, Vice Admiral Timothy Laurence.
Troops in Afghanistan were joined by the Duke of York, who laid a wreath during a service held at Camp Bastion in Helmand Province to mark Remembrance Sunday.
Defence Secretary Philip Hammond also flew to Afghanistan last night to join servicemen and women.
Millions across the UK fell silent in tribute to those lost in war, joining the crowds gathered in central London who stood in a moment of quiet contemplation as Big Ben struck 11am.
During the two-minute silence, only the distant sounds of traffic and the rustling of leaves could be heard, despite the fact that police said Whitehall was at capacity.
The beginning and end of the silence was marked with the firing of a round by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery, using a 13-pounder First World War gun.
In cold but bright weather, the royals and dignitaries then laid their wreaths at the Cenotaph.
Prime Minister David Cameron was first after the royals to do so, followed by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and Labour leader Ed Miliband.
Former prime ministers Sir John Major, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, and London Mayor Boris Johnson also attended the ceremony.
The Duchess of Cambridge was accompanied on the Foreign Office balcony by the Countess of Wessex and Vice Admiral Tim Laurence.
The Duke of Edinburgh, who joined the Royal Navy in 1939, wore the uniform of an Admiral of the Fleet for the ceremony. Prince Harry, who has undertaken two tours of duty in Afghanistan, wore the uniform of a Captain in the Household Cavalry. His brother William left operational service recently after more than seven years in the forces. He wore the uniform of Royal Air Force Flight Lieutenant.
Following the wreath-laying, the Bishop of London the Right Reverend Richard Chartres conducted a short service in his role as Dean of HM Chapels Royal.
More than 10,000 veterans and civilians then marched past the Cenotaph to pay their respects to their departed comrades, led this year by members of the War Widows Association, wearing black coats and red scarves.
They were all warmly applauded as they paraded past, some veterans in wheelchairs and motorised scooters as they marked the loss of their comrades.
There was a large contingent of veterans from the Korean War, the armistice of which was 60 years ago.
The 70th anniversaries of the Battle of the Atlantic and the Dambusters' Raid were also marked this year.
A Canadian Armed Forces member observes an exercise candidate prepare a missile for disposal during Exercise TAZ TORNADO in 4 Wing’s Jimmy Lake Range, near Cold Lake, Alberta on September 18, 2017.
Photo: Avr Caitlin Paterson, 4 Wing Imaging CK09-2017-0831-018
~
Un membre des Forces armées canadiennes observe un participant à l’exercice préparer un missile en vue de sa destruction au cours de l’exercice TAZ TORNADO, au polygone de tir Jimmy Lake de la 4e Escadre, près de Cold Lake, en Alberta, le 18 septembre 2017.
Photo : Avr Caitlin Paterson, Services d’imagerie de la 4e Escadre
CK09-2017-0831-018
On Camp Casey June 12, Area I observed the U.S. Army's 240th birthday with cake-cuttings and related activities. At the post's Child Development Center, Lt. Col. Edward D. Eldridge, Commander, U.S. Army Garrison Casey, read to children a story about the Army's birthday, after which he led a cake-cutting at the center. Shortly thereafter, the food court inside the Camp Casey Exchange was the venue for an Army Birthday cake-cutting and a raffle whose prizes included an AAFES gift card, cologne, and a tour of the Seoul palace complex. Among Area I officials present for the food court cake-cutting were Eldridge, Command Sgt. Maj. Pedro Guevara Jr., the USAG Casey senior enlisted leader, and, Gregory B. Kirkland, the Casey garrison's Deputy to the Garrison Commander. - U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Park Sung-ho
Remembrance Sunday
In the United Kingdom, Remembrance Sunday is held on the second Sunday in November, which is the Sunday nearest to 11 November Armistice Day, the anniversary of the end of hostilities in the First World War at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918. Remembrance Sunday is held to commemorate the contribution of British and Commonwealth military and civilian servicemen and women in the two World Wars and later conflicts.
Remembrance Sunday is marked by ceremonies at local war memorials in most cities, towns and villages, attended by civic dignitaries, ex-servicemen and -women, members of local armed forces regular and reserve units, military cadet forces and uniformed youth organisations. Wreaths of remembrance poppies are laid on the memorials and two minutes’ silence is observed at 11 a.m.
The United Kingdom national ceremony is held in London at the Cenotaph in Whitehall. Wreaths are laid by Queen Elizabeth II, principal members of the Royal Family normally including the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, the Earl of Wessex and the Duke of Kent, the Prime Minister, leaders of the other major political parties, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Commonwealth High Commissioners and representatives from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets and the civilian services, and veterans’ groups. Two minutes' silence is held at 11 a.m., before the laying of the wreaths. This silence is marked by the firing of a field gun on Horse Guards Parade to begin and end the silence, followed by Royal Marines buglers sounding Last Post.
The parade consists mainly of an extensive march past, with military bands playing music following the list of the Traditional Music of Remembrance.
Other members of the British Royal Family watch from the balcony of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
After the ceremony, a parade of veterans and other related groups, organised by the Royal British Legion, marches past the Cenotaph, each section of which lays a wreath as it passes. Only ticketed participants can take part in the march past.
From 1919 until the Second World War remembrance observance was always marked on 11 November itself. It was then moved to Remembrance Sunday, but since the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1995, it has become usual to hold ceremonies on both Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday.
Each year, the programme of music at the National Ceremony remains the same, following a programme finalised in 1930:
Rule, Britannia! by Thomas Arne
Heart of Oak by William Boyce
The Minstrel Boy by Thomas Moore
Men of Harlech
The Skye Boat Song
Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly
David of the White Rock
Oft in the Stilly Night by John Stevenson
Flowers of the Forest
Nimrod from the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar
Dido's lament by Henry Purcell
O Valiant Hearts by Charles Harris
Solemn Melody by Walford Davies
Last Post – a bugle call
Beethoven's Funeral March No. 1, by Johann Heinrich Walch
O God, Our Help in Ages Past – words by Isaac Watts, music by William Croft
Reveille – a bugle call
God Save The Queen
Other pieces of music are then played during the march past and wreath laying by veterans, starting with Trumpet Voluntary and followed by It's A Long Way To Tipperary, the marching song of the Connaught Rangers, a famous British Army Irish Regiment of long ago.
Cenotaph Ceremony and March Past - 10 November 2013 Order of March and Ticket Allocation
Column D [Lead Column]
Marker NumberDetachmentNo of marchers
1War Widows Association 126
2British Gurkha Welfare Society 78
3West Indian Association of Service Personnel 18
4Trucial Oman Scouts Association 18
5Bond Van Wapenbroeders 26
6Polish Ex-Combatants Association in Great Britain Trust Fund 40
7Canadian Veterans Association 10
9Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association (UK Branch) 24
10Hong Kong Military Service Corps 18
11Foreign Legion Association 24
12Not Forgotten Association 54
13The Royal British Legion 348
14The Royal British Legion Poppy Factory 6 New
15The Royal British Legion Scotland 26
16Ulster Defence Regiment72
18Northern Ireland Veterans' Association 42
19Irish United Nations Veterans Association 12
20ONET UK 10
21St Helena Government UK 24
22Commando Veterans Association 30
23South Atlantic Medal Association 196
24SSAFA Forces Help 66
25First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 12
26Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen & Women 48
27British Nuclear Test Veterans Association 48
28British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association 48
29British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association24
30Royal Hospital Chelsea 30
31Queen Alexandra's Hospital Home for Disabled Ex-Servicemen30
32The Royal Star & Garter Homes20
33Combat Stress48
34Walking With The Wounded14
Total 1,590
Column E
1Merchant Navy Association 150
2Royal Naval Association 160
3Royal Marines Association 198
4Aircraft Handlers Association36
5Telegraphist Air Gunners Association12
6Aircrewmans Association30
7Cloud Observers Association10
8Fleet Air Arm Armourers Association36
9Fleet Air Arm Association30
10Fleet Air Arm Bucaneer Association24
11Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association24
12Fleet Air Arm Junglie Association18
13Fleet Air Arm Officers Association40
14Fleet Air Arm Safety Equipment & Survival Association18
15Sea Harrier Association24
16Flower Class Corvette Association18
17LST & Landing Craft Association10
18HMS Andromeda Association18
19HMS Bulwark, Albion & Centaur Association22
20HMS Cumberland Association18
21HMS Ganges Association36
22HMS Glasgow Association30
23HMS St Vincent Association36
24HMS Tiger Association20
25Algerines Association25
26Ton Class Association30
27Type 42 Association35 New
28Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service35
29VAD RN Association18
30Association of WRENS90
31Royal Fleet Auxiliary Association10
32Royal Naval Communications Association30
33Royal Naval Medical Branch Ratings & Sick Berth Staff Association 6
34Royal Naval Benevolent Trust18
35Royal Navy School of Physical Training24
36Russian Convoy Club30
37Yangtze Incident Association24
38Special Boat Service Association 6
39Submariners Association30
40Association of Royal Yachtsmen24
41Broadsword Association36
Total 1,489
Column F
1British Korean Veterans Association 500
2National Malaya & Borneo Veterans Association98
3Normandy Veterans Association 6
4National Service Veterans Alliance 150
5Italy Star Association48
6Monte Cassino Society20
7Gallantry Medallists League36
8National Pigeon War Service30
9National Gulf Veterans & Families Association30
10Fellowship of the Services 150
11Burma Star Association50
12Far East Prisoners of War 8
14Memorable Order of Tin Hats36
15Suez Veterans Association50
16Aden Veterans Association84
171st Army Association36
18Showmens' Guild of Great Britain30
19Queen's Bodyguard of The Yeoman of The Guard18
20Popski's Private Army 4
21Pen and Sword Club18
22Black and White Club18 New
Total 1,420
Column A
2Royal Northumberland Fusiliers48
3The Duke of Lancaster's Regimental Association30
4Green Howards Association44
6Cheshire Regiment Association24
7Sherwood Foresters & Worcestershire Regiment36
8Mercian Regiment Association30
9Rifles Regimental Association48
10The Rifles & Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire & Wiltshire Regimental Association
30
11Royal Irish Regiment Association12
12Durham Light Infantry Association60
13King's Royal Rifle Corps Association60
14Light Infantry Association48 New
151LI Association36 New
16Royal Green Jackets Association 198
17Parachute Regimental Association 174
18The Royal Regiment of Scotland Association18 New
19Royal Scots Regimental Association40
20King's Own Scottish Borderers50
21Black Watch Association45
22Gordon Highlanders Association60
23Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Association 6
24The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)24 New
25Grenadier Guards Association48
26Coldstream Guards Association48
27Scots Guards Association40
28Guards Parachute Association36
294 Company Association (Parachute Regiment)24
30Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment72
32Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs) Past & Present Association30
33Royal Sussex Regimental Association12
34Royal Hampshire Regiment Comrades Association12
Total 1,443
Column B
1Blind Veterans UK 198
2Royal Scots Dragoon Guards30
3Royal Dragoon Guards78
4Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own & Royal Irish)12
5Kings Royal Hussars Regimental Association96
6The 16/5th Queen's Royal Lancers36 New
7Gurkha Brigade Association36
8JLR RAC Old Boys' Association30
943rd Reconnaissance Regiment Old Comrades Association 6
10Army Dog Unit Northern Ireland Association48
11North Irish Horse & Irish Regiments Old Comrades Association78
12Association of Ammunition Technicians36
13Beachley Old Boys Association36
14Arborfield Old Boys Association18
15Women's Royal Army Corps Association 120
16656 Squadron Association72
17Home Guard Association12
183rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery Association60
19Royal Artillery Association18
20Royal Engineers Association30
21Royal Engineers Bomb Disposal Association65
22Airborne Engineers Association24
23Mill Hill (Postal & Courier Services) Veterans' Association30 New
24Royal Signals Association48
25Army Air Corps Association42
26Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps of Transport Association40
27RAOC Association18
28Army Catering Corps Association48
29Royal Pioneer Corps Association54
30Reconnaissance Corps18
31Royal Army Medical Corps Association36
32Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Association48
33Royal Military Police Association 100
34The RAEC and ETS Branch Association 6
35Royal Army Pay Corps Regimental Association36
36Royal Army Veterinary Corps & Royal Army Dental Corps18
37Intelligence Corps Association30
38Royal Army Physical Training Corps24
39Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Association48
Total 1,783
Column C
1Royal Air Forces Association 125
2Royal Air Force Regiment Association 300
3Royal Air Forces Ex-Prisoner's of War Association20
4 Federation of Royal Air Force Apprentice & Boy Entrant Associations 150
5Royal Air Force Air Loadmasters Association24
6Royal Air Force Police Association90
7Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Association40
8Bomber Command Association20
9Royal Observer Corps Association80
10National Service (Royal Air Force) Association42
11RAFLING Association24
126 Squadron (Royal Air Force) Association18
137 Squadron Association30
14RAF Habbaniya Association30
15Royal Air Force & Defence Fire Services Association30
16Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Sections Club12
17Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Association30
18Royal Air Force Butterworth & Penang Association 6
19Royal Air Force Yatesbury Association15
20Royal Air Force Airfield Construction Branch Association12
21Women's Auxiliary Air Force12
22Blenheim Society18
23Coastal Command & Maritime Air Association24
Total 1,152
Column M
1Transport For London48
2First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps)24
3Munitions Workers Association18
4Children of the Far East Prisoners of War60
5Evacuees Reunion Association48
6TOC H12
7Salvation Army36
8NAAFI12
10Civil Defence Association10
11British Resistance Movement (Coleshill Auxiliary Research Team)12 New
12National Association of Retired Police Officers36
13Metropolitan Special Constabulary36
14London Ambulance Service NHS Trust36
15London Ambulance Service Retirement Association18
16St John Ambulance36
17St Andrew's Ambulance Association 6
18Firefighters Memorial Trust24
19Royal Ulster Constabulary (GC) Association36
20Ulster Special Constabulary Association30
21Commonwealth War Graves Commission12
22Daniel's Trust36
23Civilians Representing Families85
24Royal Mail Group Ltd24
25Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals24
26The Blue Cross18
27PDSA24
28HM Ships Glorious Ardent & ACASTA Association24
29Old Cryptians' Club12
30Fighting G Club18
31Malayan Volunteers Group12
32Gallipoli Association18
33Ministry of Defence30
34RBL Non Ex-Service Members 123
35Union Jack Club12
36Western Front Association11
37Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign18
38Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes24
39National Association of Round Tables24
40Lions Club International24
41Rotary International24
4241 Club 6 New
43Equity12
44Romany & Traveller Society18
45Sea Cadet Corps30
46Combined Cadet Force30
47Army Cadet Force30
48Air Training Corps30
49Scout Association30
50Girlguiding London & South East England30
51Boys Brigade30
52Girls Brigade England & Wales30
53Church Lads & Church Girls Brigade30
54Metropolitan Police Volunteer Police Cadets18
55St John Ambulance Cadets18
56British Red Cross12 New
Total 1,489
Newindicates first time participation in 2013.
Cenotaph Ceremony & March Past - 10 November 2013 Summary of Contingent Composition
Column A1,443
Column B1,783
Column C1,152
Column D1,590
Column E1,489
Column F1,420
Sub-total8,877
Column M1,489
Total 10,366
News report on 10 November 2013
Remembrance Sunday 2013: The Queen leads nation in honouring fallen heroes
Her Majesty laid the first wreath at the Cenotaph on Whitehall as the UK fell silent at 11am in tribute to those who lost their lives in conflict
The Queen was joined by Prince Philip and other members of the Royal Family as she led the nation in honouring members of the Armed Forces killed in conflict.
The monarch laid the first wreath at the Cenotaph on Whitehall to commemorate all those who have made the ultimate sacrifice in the decades since the First World War, bowing her head after paying her respects.
As Remembrance Sunday services took place around the UK to remember our war dead, the royals, politicians, military leaders, veterans and serving personnel laid wreaths of poppies at the monument.
Prince Harry was laying the wreath on behalf of his father Prince Charles, who is currently abroad on an official tour of India with the Duchess of Cornwall, and was marking the occasion there.
Kate Middleton, who dressed in a navy, military-style coat, watched from a balcony with Sophie, Countess of Wessex and Princess Anne's husband, Vice Admiral Timothy Laurence.
Troops in Afghanistan were joined by the Duke of York, who laid a wreath during a service held at Camp Bastion in Helmand Province to mark Remembrance Sunday.
Defence Secretary Philip Hammond also flew to Afghanistan last night to join servicemen and women.
Millions across the UK fell silent in tribute to those lost in war, joining the crowds gathered in central London who stood in a moment of quiet contemplation as Big Ben struck 11am.
During the two-minute silence, only the distant sounds of traffic and the rustling of leaves could be heard, despite the fact that police said Whitehall was at capacity.
The beginning and end of the silence was marked with the firing of a round by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery, using a 13-pounder First World War gun.
In cold but bright weather, the royals and dignitaries then laid their wreaths at the Cenotaph.
Prime Minister David Cameron was first after the royals to do so, followed by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and Labour leader Ed Miliband.
Former prime ministers Sir John Major, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, and London Mayor Boris Johnson also attended the ceremony.
The Duchess of Cambridge was accompanied on the Foreign Office balcony by the Countess of Wessex and Vice Admiral Tim Laurence.
The Duke of Edinburgh, who joined the Royal Navy in 1939, wore the uniform of an Admiral of the Fleet for the ceremony. Prince Harry, who has undertaken two tours of duty in Afghanistan, wore the uniform of a Captain in the Household Cavalry. His brother William left operational service recently after more than seven years in the forces. He wore the uniform of Royal Air Force Flight Lieutenant.
Following the wreath-laying, the Bishop of London the Right Reverend Richard Chartres conducted a short service in his role as Dean of HM Chapels Royal.
More than 10,000 veterans and civilians then marched past the Cenotaph to pay their respects to their departed comrades, led this year by members of the War Widows Association, wearing black coats and red scarves.
They were all warmly applauded as they paraded past, some veterans in wheelchairs and motorised scooters as they marked the loss of their comrades.
There was a large contingent of veterans from the Korean War, the armistice of which was 60 years ago.
The 70th anniversaries of the Battle of the Atlantic and the Dambusters' Raid were also marked this year.
Remembrance Sunday, 8 November 2015
In the United Kingdom, Remembrance Sunday is held on the second Sunday in November, which is the Sunday nearest to 11 November, Armistice Day, the anniversary of the end of hostilities in the First World War at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918. Remembrance Sunday is held to commemorate the contribution of British and Commonwealth military and civilian servicemen and women in the two World Wars and later conflicts.
Remembrance Sunday is marked by ceremonies at local war memorials in most cities, towns and villages, attended by civic dignitaries, ex-servicemen and -women, members of local armed forces regular and reserve units, military cadet forces and uniformed youth organisations. Two minutes’ silence is observed at 11 a.m. and wreaths of remembrance poppies are then laid on the memorials.
The United Kingdom national ceremony is held in London at the Cenotaph in Whitehall. Wreaths are laid by Queen Elizabeth II, principal members of the Royal Family normally including the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, the Earl of Wessex and the Duke of Kent, the Prime Minister, leaders of the other major political parties, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Commonwealth High Commissioners and representatives from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets and the civilian services, and veterans’ groups. Two minutes' silence is held at 11 a.m., before the laying of the wreaths. This silence is marked by the firing of a field gun on Horse Guards Parade to begin and end the silence, followed by Royal Marines buglers sounding Last Post.
The parade consists mainly of an extensive march past by veterans, with military bands playing music following the list of the Traditional Music of Remembrance.
Other members of the British Royal Family watch from the balcony of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
After the ceremony, a parade of veterans and other related groups, organised by the Royal British Legion, marches past the Cenotaph, each section of which lays a wreath as it passes. Only ticketed participants can take part in the march past.
From 1919 until the Second World War remembrance observance was always marked on 11 November itself. It was then moved to Remembrance Sunday, but since the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1995, it has become usual to hold ceremonies on both Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday.
Each year, the music at the National Ceremony of Remembrance remains the same, following a programme finalised in 1930:
Rule, Britannia! by Thomas Arne
Heart of Oak by William Boyce
The Minstrel Boy by Thomas Moore
Men of Harlech
The Skye Boat Song
Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly
David of the White Rock
Oft in the Stilly Night by John Stevenson
Flowers of the Forest
Nimrod from the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar
Dido's lament by Henry Purcell
O Valiant Hearts by Charles Harris
Solemn Melody by Walford Davies
Last Post – a bugle call
Beethoven's Funeral March No. 1, by Johann Heinrich Walch
O God, Our Help in Ages Past – words by Isaac Watts, music by William Croft
Reveille – a bugle call
God Save The Queen
Other pieces of music are then played during the march past and wreath laying by veterans, starting with Trumpet Voluntary and followed by It's A Long Way To Tipperary, the marching song of the Connaught Rangers, a famous British Army Irish Regiment of long ago.
The following is complied from press reports on 8 November 2015:
"The nation paid silent respect to the country's war dead today in a Remembrance Sunday service. Leading the nation in remembrance, as ever, was the Queen, who first laid a wreath at the Cenotaph in 1945 and has done so every year since, except on the four occasions when she was overseas.
Dressed in her customary all-black ensemble with a clutch of scarlet poppies pinned against her left shoulder, she stepped forward following the end of the two-minute silence marked by the sounding of Last Post by 10 Royal Marine buglers.
The Queen laid her wreath at the foot of the Sir Edwin Lutyens Portland stone monument to the Glorious Dead, then stood with her head momentarily bowed.
She was joined by King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, who was invited to the Cenotaph for the first time to lay a wreath marking the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands by British troops.
Watched by his wife Queen Maxima, who stood next to the Duchess of Cambridge in the Royal Box, the King laid a wreath marked with the simple message, 'In remembrance of the British men and women who gave their lives for our future.'
Wreaths were then laid by members of the Royal Family, all wearing military uniform: Prince Philip; then Prince Andrew, Prince Harry and Prince William at the same time ; then Prince Edward, Princess Anne and the Duke of Kent at the same time.
Three members of the Royal Family laying wreaths at the same time was an innovation in 2015 designed to slightly reduce the amount of time of the ceremony and thereby reduce the time that the Queen had to be standing.
Prince Charles attended a remembrance service in New Zealand.
The Prime Minister then laid a wreath. The Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, appeared at the Cenotaph for the first time. He wore both a suit and a red poppy for the occasion.
His bow as he laid a wreath marked with the words 'let us resolve to create a world of peace' was imperceptible – and not enough for some critics. Yet unlike the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Battle service earlier this year, Mr Corbyn did join in with the singing of the national anthem.
Following the end of the official service at the Cenotaph, a mammoth column more than 10,000-strong (some 9,000 of whom were veterans) began marching along Whitehall, saluting the Cenotaph as they passed, Parliament Street, Great George Street, Horse Guards Road and back to Horse Guard Parade. The Duke of Cambridge took the salute from the column on Horse Guards Parade.
Time takes its inevitable toll on even the most stoic among us, and this year only a dozen World War Two veterans marched with the Spirit of Normandy Trust, a year after the Normandy Veterans' Association disbanded.
Within their ranks was 95-year-old former Sapper Don Sheppard of the Royal Engineers. Sheppard was of the eldest on parade and was pushed in his wheelchair by his 19-year-old grandson, Sam who, in between studying at Queen Mary University, volunteers with the Normandy veterans.
'It is because of my admiration for them,' he says. 'I see them as role models and just have the utmost respect for what they did.'
While some had blankets covering their legs against the grey November day, other veterans of more recent wars had only stumps to show for their service to this country during 13 long years of war in Afghanistan.
As well as that terrible toll of personal sacrifice, the collective losses – and triumphs - of some of the country’s most historic regiments were also honoured yesterday.
The Gurkha Brigade Association - marking 200 years of service in the British Army – marched to warm ripples of applause. The King’s Royal Hussars, represented yesterday by 126 veterans, this year also celebrate 300 years since the regiment was raised.
They were led by General Sir Richard Shirreff, former Deputy Supreme Allied Commander of Nato and Colonel of the regiment who himself was marching for the first time.
'We are joined by a golden thread to all those generations who have gone before us,” he said. “We are who we are, because of those that have gone before us.' "
Cenotaph Ceremony & March Past - 8 November 2015
Summary of Contingents
Column Number of marchers
B (Lead) 1,754
C 1,298
D 1,312
E 1,497
F 1,325
A 1,551
Ex-Service Total 8,737
M (Non ex-Service) 1,621
Total 10,358
Column B
Marker Detachment Number
1 Reconnaissance Corps 18 Anniversary
2 43rd Reconnaissance Regiment Old Comrades Assoc 10
3 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery Association 60
4 Royal Artillery Association 18
5 Royal Engineers Association 37
6 Royal Engineers Bomb Disposal Association 65 Anniversary
7 Airborne Engineers Association 24
8 Royal Signals Association 48
9 Army Air Corps Association 42
10 Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps Transport Assoc 54
11 RAOC Association 18
12 Army Catering Corps Association 48
13 Royal Pioneer Corps Association 54 Anniversary
14 Royal Army Medical Corps Association 36
15 Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Association 48
16 Royal Military Police Association 100
17 The RAEC and ETS Branch Association 12
18 Royal Army Pay Corps Regimental Association 36
19 Royal Army Veterinary Corps & Royal Army Dental Corps 18
20 Royal Army Physical Training Corps 24
21 Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Assoc 48
22 Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 30
23 Royal Dragoon Guards 78
24 Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own & Royal Irish) 12
25 Kings Royal Hussars Regimental Association 126
26 16/5th Queen's Royal Lancers 36
27 17/21 Lancers 30
28 The Royal Lancers 24 New for 2015
29 JLR RAC Old Boys' Association 30
30 Association of Ammunition Technicians 24
31 Beachley Old Boys Association 36
32 Arborfield Old Boys Association 25
33 Gallipoli & Dardenelles International 24
34 Special Observers Association 24
35 The Parachute Squadron Royal Armoured Corps 24 New
36 Intelligence Corps Association 48
37 Women's Royal Army Corps Association 120
38 656 Squadron Association 24
39 Home Guard Association 9
40 British Resistance Movement (Coleshill Research Team) 12
41 British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association 48
42 British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association 24
43 Royal Hospital Chelsea 30
44 Queen Alexandra's Hospital Home for Disabled Ex-Servicemen & Women 30
45 The Royal Star & Garter Homes 20
46 Combat Stress 48
Total 1,754
Column C
Marker Detachment Number
1 Royal Air Force Association 150
2 Royal Air Force Regiment Association 300
3 Royal Air Forces Ex-Prisoner's of War Association 20
4 Royal Observer Corps Association 75 Anniversary
5 National Service (Royal Air Force) Association 42
6 RAFLING Association 24
7 6 Squadron (Royal Air Force) Association 18
8 7 Squadron Association 25
9 8 Squadron Association 24
10 RAF Habbaniya Association 25
11 Royal Air Force & Defence Fire Services Association 30
12 Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Association 30
13 Units of the Far East Air Force 28 New
14 Royal Air Force Yatesbury Association 16
15 Royal Air Force Airfield Construction Branch Association 12
16 RAFSE(s) Assoc 45 New
17 Royal Air Force Movements and Mobile Air Movements Squadron Association (RAF MAMS) 24
18 Royal Air Force Masirah & Salalah Veterans Assoc 24 New
19 WAAF/WRAF/RAF(W) 25
19 Blenheim Society 18
20 Coastal Command & Maritime Air Association 24
21 Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Sections Club 15
22 Federation of RAF Apprentice & Boy Entrant Assocs 150
23 Royal Air Force Air Loadmasters Association 24
24 Royal Air Force Police Association 90
25 Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Association 40
Total 1,298
Column D
Marker Detachment Number
1 Not Forgotten Association 54
2 Stoll 18
3 Ulster Defence Regiment 72
4 Army Dog Unit Northern Ireland Association 48
5 North Irish Horse & Irish Regiments Old Comrades Association 78
6 Northern Ireland Veterans' Association 40
7 Irish United Nations Veterans Association 12
8 ONET UK 10
9 St Helena Government UK 24
10 South Atlantic Medal Association 196
11 SSAFA 37
12 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 12
13 Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen & Women 48
14 British Nuclear Test Veterans Association 48
15 War Widows Association 132
16 Gurkha Brigade Association 160 Anniversary
17 British Gurkha Welfare Society 100 Anniversary
18 West Indian Association of Service Personnel 18
19 Trucial Oman Scouts Association 18
20 Bond Van Wapenbroeders 35
21 Polish Ex-Combatants Association in Great Britain 25
22 Stowarzyszenie Polskich Kombatantów Limited 18 New
23 Royal Hong Kong Regiment Association 12
24 Canadian Veterans Association 10
25 Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association (UK Branch) 24
26 Hong Kong Military Service Corps 28
27 Foreign Legion Association 24
28 Undivided Indian Army Ex Servicemen Association 11 New
Total 1,312
Column E
Marker Detachment Number
1 Royal Marines Association 198
2 Royal Naval Association 150
3 Merchant Navy Association 130
4 Sea Harrier Association 24
5 Flower Class Corvette Association 18
6 HMS Andromeda Association 18
7 HMS Argonaut Association 30
8 HMS Bulwark, Albion & Centaur Association 25
9 HMS Cumberland Association 18
10 HMS Ganges Association 48
11 HMS Glasgow Association 30
12 HMS St Vincent Association 26
13 HMS Tiger Association 25
14 Algerines Association 20
15 Ton Class Association 24
16 Type 42 Association 48
17 Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service 36
18 Association of WRENS 90
19 Royal Fleet Auxiliary Association 10
20 Royal Naval Communications Association 30
21 Royal Naval Medical Branch Ratings & Sick Berth Staff Association 24
22 Royal Naval Benevolent Trust 18
23 Yangtze Incident Association 24
24 Special Boat Service Association 6
25 Submariners Association 30
26 Association of Royal Yachtsmen 30
27 Broadsword Association 36
28 Aircraft Handlers Association 36
29 Aircrewmans Association 40 Anniversary
30 Cloud Observers Association 10
31 The Fisgard Association 40
32 Fleet Air Arm Armourers Association 36
33 Fleet Air Arm Association 25
34 Fleet Air Arm Bucaneer Association 24
35 Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association 24
36 Fleet Air Arm Junglie Association 18
37 Fleet Air Arm Officers Association 30
38 Fleet Air Arm Safety Equipment & Survival Association 24
39 Royal Navy School of Physical Training 24
Total 1,497
Column F
Marker Detachment Number
1 Blind Veterans UK 198
2 Far East Prisoners of War 18
3 Burma Star Association 40
4 Monte Cassino Society20
5 Queen's Bodyguard of The Yeoman of The Guard 18
6 Pen and Sword Club 15
7 TRBL Ex-Service Members 301
8 The Royal British Legion Poppy Factory 4
9 The Royal British Legion Scotland 24
10 Officers Association 5
11 Black and White Club 18
12 National Pigeon War Service 30
13 National Service Veterans Alliance 50
14 Gallantry Medallists League 46
15 National Malaya & Borneo Veterans Association 98
16 National Gulf Veterans & Families Association 30
17 Fellowship of the Services 100
18 Memorable Order of Tin Hats 24
19 Suez Veterans Association 50
20 Aden Veterans Association 72
21 1st Army Association 36
22 Showmens' Guild of Great Britain 40
23 Special Forces Club 12
24 The Spirit of Normandy Trust 28
25 Italy Star Association, 1943-1945, 48
Total 1,325
Column A
Marker Detachment Number
1 1LI Association 36
2 Royal Green Jackets Association 198
3 Parachute Regimental Association 174
4 King's Own Scottish Borderers 60
5 Black Watch Association 45
6 Gordon Highlanders Association 60
7 Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Association 12
8 Queen's Own Highlanders Regimental Association 48
9 London Scottish Regimental Association 30
10 Grenadier Guards Association 48
11 Coldstream Guards Association 48
12 Scots Guards Association 48
13 Guards Parachute Association 36
14 4 Company Association (Parachute Regiment) 24
15 Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment 72
16 Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs) Past & Present Association 30
17 Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) Regimental Association 24
18 Royal Hampshire Regiment Comrades Association 14
19 The Royal Hampshire Regimental Club 24 New for 2015
20 Royal Northumberland Fusiliers 48 New
21 Royal Sussex Regimental Association 12
22 Green Howards Association 24
23 Cheshire Regiment Association 24
24 Sherwood Foresters & Worcestershire Regiment 36
25 Mercian Regiment Association 30
26 Special Air Service Regimental Association 4
27 The King's Own Royal Border Regiment 100
28 The Staffordshire Regiment 48
29 Rifles Regimental Association 40
30 The Rifles & Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire & Wiltshire Regimental Association 30
31 Durham Light Infantry Association 60
32 King's Royal Rifle Corps Association 50
33 King's African Rifles 14 New for 2015
Total 1,551
Column M
Marker Detachment Number
1 Transport For London 48
2 Children of the Far East Prisoners of War 60
3 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 24
4 Munitions Workers Association18
5 Evacuees Reunion Association48
6 TOC H 20
7 Salvation Army 36
8 Naval Canteen Service & Expeditionary Force Institutes Association 12 Previously NAAFI
9 Royal Voluntary Service 24
10 Civil Defence Association 8
11 National Association of Retired Police Officers 36
12 Metropolitan Special Constabulary 36
13 London Ambulance Service NHS Trust 36
14 London Ambulance Service Retirement Association 18
15 St John Ambulance 36
16 British Red Cross 12
17 St Andrew's Ambulance Association 6
18 The Firefighters Memorial Trust 24
19 Royal Ulster Constabulary (GC) Association 36
20 Ulster Special Constabulary Association 30
21 Commonwealth War Graves Commission 12
22 Daniel's Trust 36
23 Civilians Representing Families 180
24 Royal Mail Group Ltd 24
25 Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 24
26 The Blue Cross 24
27 PDSA 24
28 HM Ships Glorious Ardent & ACASTA Association 24 Anniversary
29 Old Cryptians' Club 12
30 Fighting G Club 18 Anniversary
31 Malayan Volunteers Group 12
32 Gallipoli Association 18
33 Ministry of Defence 20
34 TRBL Non Ex-Service Members 117
35 TRBL Women's Section 20
36 Union Jack Club 12
37 Western Front Association 8
38 Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign 18
39 Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes 24
40 National Association of Round Tables 24
41 Lions Club International 24
42 Rotary International 24
43 41 Club 6
44 Equity 12
45 Romany & Traveller Society 18
46 Sea Cadet Corps 30
47 Combined Cadet Force 30
48 Army Cadet Force 30
49 Air Training Corps 30
50 Scout Association 30
51 Girlguiding London & South East England 30
52 Boys Brigade 30
53 Girls Brigade England & Wales 30
54 Church Lads & Church Girls Brigade 30
55 Metropolitan Police Volunteer Police Cadets 18
56 St John Ambulance Cadets 18
57 YMCA 12
Total 1,621
Observed in the Joshua tree National park high desert of California
Image - Copyright 2017 Alan Vernon
Le Umeda Sky Building est un gratte-ciel situé à Osaka au Japon. Mesurant 173 m, il est constitué de 2 tours de 40 étages, connectées au centre par un pont atrium, accessible au public. Conçu par l'architecte japonais Hiroshi Hara, il fut achevé en 1993.
fr.wikipedia.org · Texte sous licence CC-BY-SA
Wikipedia
My safe method to observe the transit of Venus on June 5. Hope I can catch the spot ^_^.
If you miss it you have to wait until 2117 in your another of another life. Read more here earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/last-transit-of-venus-i...
Cách an toàn để quan sát Sao Kim quét ngang mặt trời vào ngày 5/6 tháng 6 tới nè. Hy vọng sẽ chộp được cái "đốm" đó ^_^
Phragmipedium X daguense (hybride naturel de P. andreettae par P. schlimii) observé en pleine nature lors d'un tour "Orchidées et Nature" de 7 jours que j'ai organisé et guidé, département du Valle del Cauca, Colombie.
Phragmipedium X daguense (híbrido natural de P. andreettae por P. schlimii) observado in situ durante un tour "Orquídeas y Naturaleza" de 7 días que organicé y guié, departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Remembrance Sunday, 8 November 2015
In the United Kingdom, Remembrance Sunday is held on the second Sunday in November, which is the Sunday nearest to 11 November, Armistice Day, the anniversary of the end of hostilities in the First World War at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918. Remembrance Sunday is held to commemorate the contribution of British and Commonwealth military and civilian servicemen and women in the two World Wars and later conflicts.
Remembrance Sunday is marked by ceremonies at local war memorials in most cities, towns and villages, attended by civic dignitaries, ex-servicemen and -women, members of local armed forces regular and reserve units, military cadet forces and uniformed youth organisations. Two minutes’ silence is observed at 11 a.m. and wreaths of remembrance poppies are then laid on the memorials.
The United Kingdom national ceremony is held in London at the Cenotaph in Whitehall. Wreaths are laid by Queen Elizabeth II, principal members of the Royal Family normally including the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, the Earl of Wessex and the Duke of Kent, the Prime Minister, leaders of the other major political parties, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Commonwealth High Commissioners and representatives from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets and the civilian services, and veterans’ groups. Two minutes' silence is held at 11 a.m., before the laying of the wreaths. This silence is marked by the firing of a field gun on Horse Guards Parade to begin and end the silence, followed by Royal Marines buglers sounding Last Post.
The parade consists mainly of an extensive march past by veterans, with military bands playing music following the list of the Traditional Music of Remembrance.
Other members of the British Royal Family watch from the balcony of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
After the ceremony, a parade of veterans and other related groups, organised by the Royal British Legion, marches past the Cenotaph, each section of which lays a wreath as it passes. Only ticketed participants can take part in the march past.
From 1919 until the Second World War remembrance observance was always marked on 11 November itself. It was then moved to Remembrance Sunday, but since the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1995, it has become usual to hold ceremonies on both Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday.
Each year, the music at the National Ceremony of Remembrance remains the same, following a programme finalised in 1930:
Rule, Britannia! by Thomas Arne
Heart of Oak by William Boyce
The Minstrel Boy by Thomas Moore
Men of Harlech
The Skye Boat Song
Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly
David of the White Rock
Oft in the Stilly Night by John Stevenson
Flowers of the Forest
Nimrod from the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar
Dido's lament by Henry Purcell
O Valiant Hearts by Charles Harris
Solemn Melody by Walford Davies
Last Post – a bugle call
Beethoven's Funeral March No. 1, by Johann Heinrich Walch
O God, Our Help in Ages Past – words by Isaac Watts, music by William Croft
Reveille – a bugle call
God Save The Queen
Other pieces of music are then played during the march past and wreath laying by veterans, starting with Trumpet Voluntary and followed by It's A Long Way To Tipperary, the marching song of the Connaught Rangers, a famous British Army Irish Regiment of long ago.
The following is complied from press reports on 8 November 2015:
"The nation paid silent respect to the country's war dead today in a Remembrance Sunday service. Leading the nation in remembrance, as ever, was the Queen, who first laid a wreath at the Cenotaph in 1945 and has done so every year since, except on the four occasions when she was overseas.
Dressed in her customary all-black ensemble with a clutch of scarlet poppies pinned against her left shoulder, she stepped forward following the end of the two-minute silence marked by the sounding of Last Post by 10 Royal Marine buglers.
The Queen laid her wreath at the foot of the Sir Edwin Lutyens Portland stone monument to the Glorious Dead, then stood with her head momentarily bowed.
She was joined by King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, who was invited to the Cenotaph for the first time to lay a wreath marking the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands by British troops.
Watched by his wife Queen Maxima, who stood next to the Duchess of Cambridge in the Royal Box, the King laid a wreath marked with the simple message, 'In remembrance of the British men and women who gave their lives for our future.'
Wreaths were then laid by members of the Royal Family, all wearing military uniform: Prince Philip; then Prince Andrew, Prince Harry and Prince William at the same time ; then Prince Edward, Princess Anne and the Duke of Kent at the same time.
Three members of the Royal Family laying wreaths at the same time was an innovation in 2015 designed to slightly reduce the amount of time of the ceremony and thereby reduce the time that the Queen had to be standing.
Prince Charles attended a remembrance service in New Zealand.
The Prime Minister then laid a wreath. The Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, appeared at the Cenotaph for the first time. He wore both a suit and a red poppy for the occasion.
His bow as he laid a wreath marked with the words 'let us resolve to create a world of peace' was imperceptible – and not enough for some critics. Yet unlike the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Battle service earlier this year, Mr Corbyn did join in with the singing of the national anthem.
Following the end of the official service at the Cenotaph, a mammoth column more than 10,000-strong (some 9,000 of whom were veterans) began marching along Whitehall, saluting the Cenotaph as they passed, Parliament Street, Great George Street, Horse Guards Road and back to Horse Guard Parade. The Duke of Cambridge took the salute from the column on Horse Guards Parade.
Time takes its inevitable toll on even the most stoic among us, and this year only a dozen World War Two veterans marched with the Spirit of Normandy Trust, a year after the Normandy Veterans' Association disbanded.
Within their ranks was 95-year-old former Sapper Don Sheppard of the Royal Engineers. Sheppard was of the eldest on parade and was pushed in his wheelchair by his 19-year-old grandson, Sam who, in between studying at Queen Mary University, volunteers with the Normandy veterans.
'It is because of my admiration for them,' he says. 'I see them as role models and just have the utmost respect for what they did.'
While some had blankets covering their legs against the grey November day, other veterans of more recent wars had only stumps to show for their service to this country during 13 long years of war in Afghanistan.
As well as that terrible toll of personal sacrifice, the collective losses – and triumphs - of some of the country’s most historic regiments were also honoured yesterday.
The Gurkha Brigade Association - marking 200 years of service in the British Army – marched to warm ripples of applause. The King’s Royal Hussars, represented yesterday by 126 veterans, this year also celebrate 300 years since the regiment was raised.
They were led by General Sir Richard Shirreff, former Deputy Supreme Allied Commander of Nato and Colonel of the regiment who himself was marching for the first time.
'We are joined by a golden thread to all those generations who have gone before us,” he said. “We are who we are, because of those that have gone before us.' "
Cenotaph Ceremony & March Past - 8 November 2015
Summary of Contingents
Column Number of marchers
B (Lead) 1,754
C 1,298
D 1,312
E 1,497
F 1,325
A 1,551
Ex-Service Total 8,737
M (Non ex-Service) 1,621
Total 10,358
Column B
Marker Detachment Number
1 Reconnaissance Corps 18 Anniversary
2 43rd Reconnaissance Regiment Old Comrades Assoc 10
3 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery Association 60
4 Royal Artillery Association 18
5 Royal Engineers Association 37
6 Royal Engineers Bomb Disposal Association 65 Anniversary
7 Airborne Engineers Association 24
8 Royal Signals Association 48
9 Army Air Corps Association 42
10 Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps Transport Assoc 54
11 RAOC Association 18
12 Army Catering Corps Association 48
13 Royal Pioneer Corps Association 54 Anniversary
14 Royal Army Medical Corps Association 36
15 Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Association 48
16 Royal Military Police Association 100
17 The RAEC and ETS Branch Association 12
18 Royal Army Pay Corps Regimental Association 36
19 Royal Army Veterinary Corps & Royal Army Dental Corps 18
20 Royal Army Physical Training Corps 24
21 Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Assoc 48
22 Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 30
23 Royal Dragoon Guards 78
24 Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own & Royal Irish) 12
25 Kings Royal Hussars Regimental Association 126
26 16/5th Queen's Royal Lancers 36
27 17/21 Lancers 30
28 The Royal Lancers 24 New for 2015
29 JLR RAC Old Boys' Association 30
30 Association of Ammunition Technicians 24
31 Beachley Old Boys Association 36
32 Arborfield Old Boys Association 25
33 Gallipoli & Dardenelles International 24
34 Special Observers Association 24
35 The Parachute Squadron Royal Armoured Corps 24 New
36 Intelligence Corps Association 48
37 Women's Royal Army Corps Association 120
38 656 Squadron Association 24
39 Home Guard Association 9
40 British Resistance Movement (Coleshill Research Team) 12
41 British Limbless Ex-Service Men's Association 48
42 British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Association 24
43 Royal Hospital Chelsea 30
44 Queen Alexandra's Hospital Home for Disabled Ex-Servicemen & Women 30
45 The Royal Star & Garter Homes 20
46 Combat Stress 48
Total 1,754
Column C
Marker Detachment Number
1 Royal Air Force Association 150
2 Royal Air Force Regiment Association 300
3 Royal Air Forces Ex-Prisoner's of War Association 20
4 Royal Observer Corps Association 75 Anniversary
5 National Service (Royal Air Force) Association 42
6 RAFLING Association 24
7 6 Squadron (Royal Air Force) Association 18
8 7 Squadron Association 25
9 8 Squadron Association 24
10 RAF Habbaniya Association 25
11 Royal Air Force & Defence Fire Services Association 30
12 Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Association 30
13 Units of the Far East Air Force 28 New
14 Royal Air Force Yatesbury Association 16
15 Royal Air Force Airfield Construction Branch Association 12
16 RAFSE(s) Assoc 45 New
17 Royal Air Force Movements and Mobile Air Movements Squadron Association (RAF MAMS) 24
18 Royal Air Force Masirah & Salalah Veterans Assoc 24 New
19 WAAF/WRAF/RAF(W) 25
19 Blenheim Society 18
20 Coastal Command & Maritime Air Association 24
21 Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Sections Club 15
22 Federation of RAF Apprentice & Boy Entrant Assocs 150
23 Royal Air Force Air Loadmasters Association 24
24 Royal Air Force Police Association 90
25 Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Association 40
Total 1,298
Column D
Marker Detachment Number
1 Not Forgotten Association 54
2 Stoll 18
3 Ulster Defence Regiment 72
4 Army Dog Unit Northern Ireland Association 48
5 North Irish Horse & Irish Regiments Old Comrades Association 78
6 Northern Ireland Veterans' Association 40
7 Irish United Nations Veterans Association 12
8 ONET UK 10
9 St Helena Government UK 24
10 South Atlantic Medal Association 196
11 SSAFA 37
12 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 12
13 Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen & Women 48
14 British Nuclear Test Veterans Association 48
15 War Widows Association 132
16 Gurkha Brigade Association 160 Anniversary
17 British Gurkha Welfare Society 100 Anniversary
18 West Indian Association of Service Personnel 18
19 Trucial Oman Scouts Association 18
20 Bond Van Wapenbroeders 35
21 Polish Ex-Combatants Association in Great Britain 25
22 Stowarzyszenie Polskich Kombatantów Limited 18 New
23 Royal Hong Kong Regiment Association 12
24 Canadian Veterans Association 10
25 Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association (UK Branch) 24
26 Hong Kong Military Service Corps 28
27 Foreign Legion Association 24
28 Undivided Indian Army Ex Servicemen Association 11 New
Total 1,312
Column E
Marker Detachment Number
1 Royal Marines Association 198
2 Royal Naval Association 150
3 Merchant Navy Association 130
4 Sea Harrier Association 24
5 Flower Class Corvette Association 18
6 HMS Andromeda Association 18
7 HMS Argonaut Association 30
8 HMS Bulwark, Albion & Centaur Association 25
9 HMS Cumberland Association 18
10 HMS Ganges Association 48
11 HMS Glasgow Association 30
12 HMS St Vincent Association 26
13 HMS Tiger Association 25
14 Algerines Association 20
15 Ton Class Association 24
16 Type 42 Association 48
17 Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service 36
18 Association of WRENS 90
19 Royal Fleet Auxiliary Association 10
20 Royal Naval Communications Association 30
21 Royal Naval Medical Branch Ratings & Sick Berth Staff Association 24
22 Royal Naval Benevolent Trust 18
23 Yangtze Incident Association 24
24 Special Boat Service Association 6
25 Submariners Association 30
26 Association of Royal Yachtsmen 30
27 Broadsword Association 36
28 Aircraft Handlers Association 36
29 Aircrewmans Association 40 Anniversary
30 Cloud Observers Association 10
31 The Fisgard Association 40
32 Fleet Air Arm Armourers Association 36
33 Fleet Air Arm Association 25
34 Fleet Air Arm Bucaneer Association 24
35 Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association 24
36 Fleet Air Arm Junglie Association 18
37 Fleet Air Arm Officers Association 30
38 Fleet Air Arm Safety Equipment & Survival Association 24
39 Royal Navy School of Physical Training 24
Total 1,497
Column F
Marker Detachment Number
1 Blind Veterans UK 198
2 Far East Prisoners of War 18
3 Burma Star Association 40
4 Monte Cassino Society20
5 Queen's Bodyguard of The Yeoman of The Guard 18
6 Pen and Sword Club 15
7 TRBL Ex-Service Members 301
8 The Royal British Legion Poppy Factory 4
9 The Royal British Legion Scotland 24
10 Officers Association 5
11 Black and White Club 18
12 National Pigeon War Service 30
13 National Service Veterans Alliance 50
14 Gallantry Medallists League 46
15 National Malaya & Borneo Veterans Association 98
16 National Gulf Veterans & Families Association 30
17 Fellowship of the Services 100
18 Memorable Order of Tin Hats 24
19 Suez Veterans Association 50
20 Aden Veterans Association 72
21 1st Army Association 36
22 Showmens' Guild of Great Britain 40
23 Special Forces Club 12
24 The Spirit of Normandy Trust 28
25 Italy Star Association, 1943-1945, 48
Total 1,325
Column A
Marker Detachment Number
1 1LI Association 36
2 Royal Green Jackets Association 198
3 Parachute Regimental Association 174
4 King's Own Scottish Borderers 60
5 Black Watch Association 45
6 Gordon Highlanders Association 60
7 Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Association 12
8 Queen's Own Highlanders Regimental Association 48
9 London Scottish Regimental Association 30
10 Grenadier Guards Association 48
11 Coldstream Guards Association 48
12 Scots Guards Association 48
13 Guards Parachute Association 36
14 4 Company Association (Parachute Regiment) 24
15 Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment 72
16 Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs) Past & Present Association 30
17 Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) Regimental Association 24
18 Royal Hampshire Regiment Comrades Association 14
19 The Royal Hampshire Regimental Club 24 New for 2015
20 Royal Northumberland Fusiliers 48 New
21 Royal Sussex Regimental Association 12
22 Green Howards Association 24
23 Cheshire Regiment Association 24
24 Sherwood Foresters & Worcestershire Regiment 36
25 Mercian Regiment Association 30
26 Special Air Service Regimental Association 4
27 The King's Own Royal Border Regiment 100
28 The Staffordshire Regiment 48
29 Rifles Regimental Association 40
30 The Rifles & Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire & Wiltshire Regimental Association 30
31 Durham Light Infantry Association 60
32 King's Royal Rifle Corps Association 50
33 King's African Rifles 14 New for 2015
Total 1,551
Column M
Marker Detachment Number
1 Transport For London 48
2 Children of the Far East Prisoners of War 60
3 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteers Corps) 24
4 Munitions Workers Association18
5 Evacuees Reunion Association48
6 TOC H 20
7 Salvation Army 36
8 Naval Canteen Service & Expeditionary Force Institutes Association 12 Previously NAAFI
9 Royal Voluntary Service 24
10 Civil Defence Association 8
11 National Association of Retired Police Officers 36
12 Metropolitan Special Constabulary 36
13 London Ambulance Service NHS Trust 36
14 London Ambulance Service Retirement Association 18
15 St John Ambulance 36
16 British Red Cross 12
17 St Andrew's Ambulance Association 6
18 The Firefighters Memorial Trust 24
19 Royal Ulster Constabulary (GC) Association 36
20 Ulster Special Constabulary Association 30
21 Commonwealth War Graves Commission 12
22 Daniel's Trust 36
23 Civilians Representing Families 180
24 Royal Mail Group Ltd 24
25 Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 24
26 The Blue Cross 24
27 PDSA 24
28 HM Ships Glorious Ardent & ACASTA Association 24 Anniversary
29 Old Cryptians' Club 12
30 Fighting G Club 18 Anniversary
31 Malayan Volunteers Group 12
32 Gallipoli Association 18
33 Ministry of Defence 20
34 TRBL Non Ex-Service Members 117
35 TRBL Women's Section 20
36 Union Jack Club 12
37 Western Front Association 8
38 Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign 18
39 Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes 24
40 National Association of Round Tables 24
41 Lions Club International 24
42 Rotary International 24
43 41 Club 6
44 Equity 12
45 Romany & Traveller Society 18
46 Sea Cadet Corps 30
47 Combined Cadet Force 30
48 Army Cadet Force 30
49 Air Training Corps 30
50 Scout Association 30
51 Girlguiding London & South East England 30
52 Boys Brigade 30
53 Girls Brigade England & Wales 30
54 Church Lads & Church Girls Brigade 30
55 Metropolitan Police Volunteer Police Cadets 18
56 St John Ambulance Cadets 18
57 YMCA 12
Total 1,621
I visited the Walter Sickert exhibition at Tate Britain today, a friend is photographing Little Dot Hetherington at the Bedford Music Hall 1888–89
Le festival international de hacking OHM (Observe Hack Make) a lieu tous les 4 ans en Hollande à une trentaine de km d'Amsterdam, et change de nom a chaque édition. Cette année, les makers sont de la partie aux côté des hackers, et les activistes aux côtés des hacktivistes. Un campement géant de 3000 personnes, des dizaines de conférences mais aussi des ateliers sous les tentes de hackers et makers spaces du monde entier, un village alternatif, Noisy Square et du Club Mate a gogo.
Le festival international de hacking OHM (Observe Hack Make) a lieu tous les 4 ans en Hollande à une trentaine de km d'Amsterdam, et change de nom a chaque édition. Cette année, les makers sont de la partie aux côté des hackers, et les activistes aux côtés des hacktivistes. Un campement géant de 3000 personnes, des dizaines de conférences mais aussi des ateliers sous les tentes de hackers et makers spaces du monde entier, un village alternatif, Noisy Square et du Club Mate a gogo.
Le festival international de hacking OHM (Observe Hack Make) a lieu tous les 4 ans en Hollande à une trentaine de km d'Amsterdam, et change de nom a chaque édition. Cette année, les makers sont de la partie aux côté des hackers, et les activistes aux côtés des hacktivistes. Un campement géant de 3000 personnes, des dizaines de conférences mais aussi des ateliers sous les tentes de hackers et makers spaces du monde entier, un village alternatif, Noisy Square et du Club Mate a gogo.
Le festival international de hacking OHM (Observe Hack Make) a lieu tous les 4 ans en Hollande à une trentaine de km d'Amsterdam, et change de nom a chaque édition. Cette année, les makers sont de la partie aux côté des hackers, et les activistes aux côtés des hacktivistes. Un campement géant de 3000 personnes, des dizaines de conférences mais aussi des ateliers sous les tentes de hackers et makers spaces du monde entier, un village alternatif, Noisy Square et du Club Mate a gogo.
Le festival international de hacking OHM (Observe Hack Make) a lieu tous les 4 ans en Hollande à une trentaine de km d'Amsterdam, et change de nom a chaque édition. Cette année, les makers sont de la partie aux côté des hackers, et les activistes aux côtés des hacktivistes. Un campement géant de 3000 personnes, des dizaines de conférences mais aussi des ateliers sous les tentes de hackers et makers spaces du monde entier, un village alternatif, Noisy Square et du Club Mate a gogo.
St Margaret, Stratton Strawless, Norfolk
Sometimes I visit a church and I know I will never come back. And at other times I realise it is only the first of many visits. Fortunately, Stratton Strawless lies on my main flightpath into Norwich if I have been cycling in north Norfolk, and so it was on the best day so far of 2018 that I came back again.
In an interview on BBC Radio Suffolk a few years ago I was asked, rather sneakily I thought, which were the best - Norfolk churches or Suffolk churches? Without too much hesitation I hope, I observed that Norfolk had the best big churches, but Suffolk the prettiest small churches, which is true in a general kind of way, although it doesn't account for the likes of vast, wonderful Blythburgh in Suffolk, or the lovely little church at Horsey on the Broads, not to mention lots of others. I suppose that it is generally accepted that Suffolk is the prettier county, and its little churches are an adornment to its rolling landscape of fields and copses, but much of Norfolk is pretty too. But Norfolk is big, and places can become hidden. If Suffolk has the big skies, then Norfolk has the breadth of the land, breathtaking in its sweep across the vastness of England's fourth largest county.
Norfolk is big enough to have regions - the Marshland, the Breckland, the Broads, and so on - and separating the Broads from the western part of north Norfolk is a belt of secretive woodland. I had become used to travelling through it on the way from Norwich to Aylsham, and had often seen the little handmade sign pointing down a way through the woods to a church. Welcome! it said. Open every day!
To come in spring made a change, for I was often cycling in north Norfolk as the summer began to fade. My first visit had been almost ten years previously on a beautiful day in mid-October 2008, when Mother Nature seemed to have forgotten that she was supposed to be getting on with autumn and putting Norfolk to bed, and instead had let the bright sun run riot in a cloudless sky. I was with friends, fellow church-explorers Peter Stephens and Tom Muckley. We had been to Ringland, and a succession of less well-known parishes to the north-east of Norwich with confusingly similar names to each other. Now we were heading through the woods, and not for the first time that day I felt a mounting anticipation.
Stratton Strawless - Stratton meaning an enclosure by a Roman road, Strawless probably meaning exactly that, without straw - is about halfway between Norwich and Aylsham, but feels much more remote. We headed up on the back road from Hainford. The long lane narrowed, and then at a bend the hedges opened up, and there St Margaret was, a long, low church huddled beneath a squat tower in a narrow graveyard. The tower is clearly late Medieval, and was probably never finished. The east window tracery, of a century or so earlier, is beautiful. The little south aisle has elegant 17th Century details. We opened the gate, and wandered along the south side of the church. The sun gleamed on on the windows of what really is the tiniest of aisles. We felt the warmth of it on our backs, and it really did seem incredible that the year was almost over.
The south door was wedged open, but we resisted going in. Instead, we wandered around to the tower, and there, to the west of the aisle, were the tombs and memorials of the family most strongly associated with this church, the Marshams. Strictly speaking, these ones are to their less significant members, because the famous ones are inside in the aisle, but it is a very picturesque little spot. Walking around to the north side, we found that the north door was also wedged open. Beyond the gloom inside we could see the fierce sunlight bursting through the open south doorway.
And so we stepped inside. At first, the interior is quite unfamiliar. This is because of an angled partition across the church which divides off a vestibule at the back of the nave and aisle. It runs level with the westernmost bay of the south arcade, but cuts back around the font, with three doorways into the nave, two at angles and one from behind the font into the base of the tower. It is probably a 17th Century idiosyncracy, put in place at the same time the aisle was rebuilt as the Marsham mausoleum. Walking across it to the south, we turned, and were inside the south aisle, home of the Marshams. Their two considerable monuments are set against the south and east walls. That to the south is to Henry and Anne Marsham and their family. Henry died in 1678, and is dressed in the full splendour of the Restoration. His teenage son son Henry kneels between them, and his splendid inscription reads:
Brave Soule
Thou wert too quick and large to staye
Within thy little house of clay.
Such early manly parts (which ev'n
At twelve did speak thee XXXVII)
Presag'd that one so grave, so good,
Would misse life's common period
And heav'n must be obey'd. Was found
Thourt ripe for that and now art crown'd
MPP
Down in one corner, a detail so shocking that at first it is at first difficult to take in, is another child, a baby: rigid and upright, but bound tightly in swaddling clothes. He shares an inscription with his mother, who died in childbirth:
Here lie a vertuous son and mother
who dy'd in kindness to each other:
Death seaz'd him first, when she him freed
By yeilding up her self in's stead,
Which was no sooner done, but hee
Dyes too to keep her companie.
This thou'lt think unhappie fate
To two such heires of fayre estate,
But twas not: for they did forgoe
A state for life; 'n reversion too
to gaine possession of a fee
In rich and Blessed Aeternitie.
The aisle is not very wide, and so there is a sleight of hand about the way the sculptor has rendered them facing outwards at prayer - or, more accurately, a sleight of foot, because, as Sam Mortlock observes, the effect is of a family of amputees. Topping even this curiosity is the monument to Thomas Marsham, at the east end of the aisle. Thomas died in 1638, on the other side of the great Commonwealth divide, and while his memorial shows more evidence of Puritan influence, with its emphasis on death and judgement and the transitory nature of existence, it is also spectacular in its own way. Marsham lounges in his graveshroud on a comfy cushion, raising his head in response to the last trump being sounded above his head. Beneath him is the extraordinary prospect of a charnel cage, filled with his skull and bones, and those of his ancestors. It takes you a moment to realise that they are not in fact real, but finely carved from alabaster. You can see similar works at South Acre and Norwich St Andrew.
Thomas Marsham's is the only reclining effigy that I have seen which has designer stubble. We know he had the memorial made before he died; did he perhaps think that his likeness looked too effeminate, and asked them to alter it?
The most famous of the Stratton Strawless Marshams was Robert Marsham, whose life spanned all but a handful of the years of the 18th Century. He effectively invented the Science of Phenology, the practice of meticulously recording and predicting the passage and effects of the seasons. He was also responsible for planting the woodlands on the Marsham estate, which survive today.
If the Marsham memorials were all there was to Stratton Strawless, it would still be worth going out of your way to visit, but there is much more. So far, we have not touched on the medieval life of this place, but here also in the south aisle is the 13th Century effigy of a woman wearing a wimple. She lies on her back, and the stone of the memorial is black. Not surprisingly, she is known as the Black Abbess, although this is certainly inaccurate, because she is holding a heart in her hand, which suggests that her husband died abroad, probably on a crusade.
There is also a hint in the south aisle of Stratton Strawless's greatest treasure. This is one of the best sequences of medieval glass in Norfolk. There are just fragments here; part of a Bishop, and an intriguing shield depicting a round-towered church, which is probably later and continental. But the best of the glass here is in the nave. A long wooden screen separates the aisle from the nave, so you must go back into the west of the church and enter behind the font to see it. It has all been reset in windows on the north side of the church - fortunately, the lack of a clerestory above the arcade on the south side meant that the strong autumn sun did not stop us photographing it.
There are survivals of four main subjects. Firstly, the four evangelists,Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. It is unusual to find all four surviving from the same 15th Century set, and delightful to note that St Luke is depicted as a painter - traditionally, he painted the first icon, a portrait of the Blessed Virgin. Mark, Luke and John all have their mythical beast symbols seated at their feet. Secondly and thirdly, the Annunciation and the Coronation of the Blessed virgin. These two pairings, of Mary with the angel Gabriel, and then with her son crowning her the Queen of Heaven, must surely always have been intended to be seen together. Lastly, just two female martyr Saints, St Helen and St Catherine, looking similar to their counterparts at Salle. Presumably, there were once many more.
A bit further east is Stratton Strawless's single most famous feature, the angel head. This is so perfect that it has appeared in many books as a fine example of 15th Century Norwich School glass. About twenty years ago it formed the centrepiece of an exhibition at the University of East Anglia, but it was felt too important to be returned to the church without a proper restoration of its setting. This took several years, but you see it today in all its glory. In front of it, and almost filling the little nave, is one of the county's largest chandeliers, said to be Russian in origin. Mortlock thought it was probably 17th or 18th century. Perhaps it arrived here from a Russian cathedral after the Revolution. Beyond, in the chancel, a lovely modern Blessed Virgin and child set in the clear glass beneath the Decorated tracery is the icing on the cake of this, one of the loveliest of all Norfolk church interiors.
If Stratton Strawless were merely lovely, then that, of course, would be enough. That it is also of outstanding artistic and historical importance is a bonus. But there is even more to it than that, for this is certainly one of the most welcoming of all English churches. On my first visit, as I say, we found both the north and south doors wedged open. In this, the tercentenary year of the birth of Robert Marsham, you might think this was simply because of the exhibition detailing his life, which had been set up in the nave. But this is always a church which is keen to welcome visitors.
On a table in the south aisle is an electric kettle, teabags, coffee, squash and a bottle of fresh water, a tin of biscuits and cakes, and the length of the south aisle has shelves of second-hand books and locally made jam for sale. Notices make it clear quite how glad the parish is that you made the effort to pay them a visit. It is outstanding hospitality, and made me so glad that I had come here.
On this day in spring 2018 I was keen to head on to my train at Norwich station. I popped in my headphones, listening to my beloved Cambridge United roll Port Vale over 5-0, but not without a memory of that Autumn day of nearly ten years before. I recalled how, outside, on one of the Marsham tombs, a robin had cocked his head and watched us as we left the south doorway. We walked back through the churchyard to the car chatting about nothing in particular, but we did not know of course that it would be the last time we would see Tom, for when the year had turned he would be dead. Off in the hedge, a blackbird piped ardently, if a little sadly. He knew that the days were getting shorter, and that all too soon Robert Marsham's trees would shed their leaves. Then the storms would come, and within a few short weeks East Anglia would be in the grip of an icy, sub-zero winter, the hardest for years. But until then the unexpected sun gladdened his heart, as it did ours.
You don't really think anyone is going to open a church in this weather? Said Jools. And at about the same time, a warden's wife was saying, you're not going to go and open the church are you? No one will visit a church on a day like this.
So, the madness of man wins out, as I did visit and found that the warden had just opened the church.
Sadly, Great Mongehmam wasn't open later, but looked interesting enough to demand a return visit ASAP.
As I now know, any settlement ending with "bourne" should have a stream source or running through it. And that is the case here, a winterbourne, though not as frequently running as the Nailbourne rises here and flows to Sandwich.
Northbourne lies to the west of Deal, in a patchwork of fields and woods that is most pleasant. It used to be near to Tilmanstone Colliery and the Davy Lamp hanging in the chanel remembers this.
I walk into the porch and there is the warden helpfully hanging the "church open" sign on the door. Come to visit the church he asked. Yes, is there one nearby, I quipped.
He showed me some interesting details, shred a bit of histor, then began his long walk back to Finglesham.
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One of the few cruciform churches to have been built in Kent in the twelfth century, on the site of, and incorporating fragments of, a Saxon building. Curtains help shut off parts of the church during the winter months. There is a good mass dial by the main door. The Lady Chapel contains the monument to Sir Edwin Sandys and his wife (d. 1629). It is one of the best of its date in Kent and shows the pair in recumbent position hand in hand. Surprisingly the wordy inscription was not added until 1830! The chancel was refitted in the mid-nineteenth century but the east window shows good quality medieval stonework of thirteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Northbourne
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NORTHBORNE,
USUALLY called Norborne, as it is written in the survey of Domesday, lies the next parish westward from Little Mongeham, being so called from the north borne, or stream, which runs from hence into the river at Sandwich. There are four boroughs in it, Norborne, Finglesham, Asheley, and Tickness, or Tickenhurst, for each of which a borsholder is chosen at the manor court of Norborne.
THIS PARISH lies for the most part exceedingly dry and healthy, in a fine uphill, open and pleasant country, though it extends northward towards Howbridge and Foulmead, into a low country of wet ground and marsh lands. It is a large parish, for although it is very long and narrow, extending only a mile and an half from east to west, yet it is full five miles from north to south, till it joins Waldershare and Whitfield. The part of this parish containing the borough, hamlet, and manor of Tickenhurst, is separated from the rest of it by the parishes of Eastry, Ham, and Betshanger, intervening; and there is a small part of the parish of Goodneston within this of Norborne, and entirely surrounded by it. The soil of this parish being so very extensive, must necessarily vary much. It is, however, much inclined to chalk, and is throughout it very hilly; though much of it is very light earth, yet there is a great deal of rich fertile land in the lower part of it northward. There is much uninclosed land and open downs interspersed throughout it. The street of Norborne, having the church and vicarage-house within it, and containing twentysix houses, is situated at the north-east boundary of the parish. Near it is Norborne-court, the almonry or parsonage, and a house and estate, called the Vine farm, now in the possession of the hon. lady Frances Benson.
Besides this, there are several other streets, hamlets, and eminent farms, within the bounds of this parish, of which, those most worthy of notice, the reader will find described hereafter.
THE MANOR OF NORBORNE, which is of very large extent, was given in the year 618, by Eadbald, king of Kent, by the description of a certain part of his kingdom, containing thirty plough lands, called Northborne, to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, in which monastery his father lay, and where he had ordered himself to be buried. In this state it con tinued at the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in the 15th year of the Conqueror's reign, in which it is entered under the general title of the land of the church of St. Augustine, as follows:
In the lath of Estrea. In Cornelest hundred.
The abbot himself holds Norborne. It was taxed at thirty sulings. The arable land is fifty-four carucates. In demesne there are three, and seventy-nine villeins, with forty-two borderers, having thirty-seven carucates. There are forty acres of meadow, and wood for the pannage of ten hogs.
In the time of king Edward the Consessor, it was worth four times twenty pounds; when he received it twenty pounds; now seventy-six pounds.
Of the lands of the villeins of this manor, Oidelard holds one suling, and there he has two carucates, with eleven borderers..... It is worth four pounds. .... Of the same land of the villeins, Gislebert holds two sulings, all but half a yoke, and there he has one carucate, and four villeins, with one carucate. It is worth six pounds.
Wadard holds of this manor three sulings, all but sixty acres of the land of the villeins, and there he has one carucate, and eight villeins, with one carucate and two servants. It is worth nine pounds; but he pays no service to the abbot, except thirty shillings, which he pays in the year.
Odelin holds of the same land of the villeins one suling, and there he has one carucate, with three borderers..... It is worth three pounds.
Marcherius holds of the same land of the villeins what is worth eight shillings.
Osbern the son of Letard holds half a suling, and eleven acres of meadow, of the land of the villeins, which is worth twenty-five shillings. He pays to the abbot fifteen shillings.
Rannulf de Colubers holds one yoke .......worth fifty pence.
Rannulf de Ualbadon holds one yoke, and pays from thence fifty pence.
The above-mentioned Oidelard holds also of this manor one suling, and it is called Bevesfel, and there he has two carucates, with ten borderers. It is worth six pounds.
In the reign of king Edward II. the 7th of it, anno 1313, the abbot claimed upon a quo warranto, in the iter of H. de Stanton and his sociates, justices itinerant, and was allowed sundry liberties therein mentioned in this manor, among others, and the view of frank-pledge, and likewise wrec of the sea in this manor in particular, in like manner as has been mentioned before in the description of the several manors belonging to the monastery, in the former parts of this History. (fn. 1) And the liberty of the view of frankpledge was in particular further confirmed by that king, in his 10th year.
King Edward III. in his 5th year, anno 1330, exempted the men and tenants of this manor from their attendance at the turne of the sheriff, before made by the borsholder, with four men of each borough within it; and directed his writ to Roger de Reynham, then sheriff, commanding that in future they should be allowed to perform the same with one man only.
In the 8th year of king Richard II. the measurement of the abbot and convent's lands at Nordburne, with 208 acres of wood, was 2179 acres and an half and one rood.
Salamon de Ripple, a monk of this monastery, being, about the 10th year of king Edward III. appointed by the abbot keeper of this manor, among others, made great improvements in many of them, and in particular he new built the barns here, and a very fair chapel, from the foundations. But after wards, in the year 1371, their great storehouses here, full of corn, were, by the negligence of a workman, entirely burnt down; the damage of which was estimated at one thousand pounds.
After which, I find nothing further in particular relating to this manor, which continued part of the possessions of the monastery, till its final dissolution, in the 30th year of king Hen. VIII. when it was surrendered into the king's hands, with whom this manor continued but a small time; for the king, in his 31st year, granted it, with the parsonage or rectory, to archbishop Cranmer, in exchange, and it remained parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, till archbishop Parker, in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth, reconveyed it to the crown, in exchange. After which, the manor itself, with its courts, franchises, and liberties, continued in the crown, till king Charles I. in his 5th year, granted it in fee to William White and others, to hold, as of his manor of East Greenwich, by sealty only, in free and common socage, and not in capite, or by knight's service; (fn. 2) and they that year sold it to Stephen Alcocke, gent. of London, who next year passed it away by sale, with some exceptions, to Edward Boys, gent. of Betshanger, to hold of the king in like manner, as above-mentioned. His descendant, Edward Grotius Boys, dying s. p. in 1706, gave it by will to his kinsman, Thomas Brett, LL. D. of Spring grove, and he, in 1713, alienated it to Salmon Morrice, esq. afterwards an admiral of the British navy, and of Betshanger, whose grandson William Morrice, esq. died possessed of it in 1787, unmarried; upon which it came to his only brother, James Morrice, clerk, who is the present owner of this manor.
The fee-farm rent reserved when this manor was granted away by the crown, came into the hands of the earl of Ilchester, who in 1788 sold it to the Rev. Mr. Morrice, the present owner of this manor; so there is now no fee-farm rent paid for it.
A court leet and court baron is yearly held for it; at the former of which, two constables, one for the upper half hundred, and the other for the lower half hundred of Cornilo, are chosen. The present manorhouse is a small cottage in Norborne-street, built upon the waste for that purpose.
NORTHBORNE-COURT, usually called Norborne abbey, from its having belonged to the abbey of St. Augustine, was the antient court-lodge of the manor, before they were separated by different grants from the crown. It is said to have been in the time of the Saxons the palace of king Eadbald, who gave it as above-mentioned, with the manor, to the above monastery. Accordingly, Leland, in his Itinerary, says, (fn. 3) "A ii myles or more fro Sandwich from Northburn cummeth a fresch water yn to Sandwich haven. At Northburn was the palayce or maner of Edbalde Ethelberts sunne. There but a few years syns (viz. in king Henry VIII.'s reign) yn breking a side of the walle yn the hawle were found ii childrens bones that had been mured up as yn burielle yn time of Paganits of the Saxons. Among one of the childrens bones was found a styffe pynne of Latin." This court-lodge, with the demesne lands of the manor, remained but a very short time in the hands of the crown, after the reconveyance of it by the archbishop, in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth, as has been mentioned above; for it was almost immediately afterwards granted by the queen, for life, to Edward Sanders, gent. her foster brother. He afterwards resided at Norborne court, having married Anne, daughter and coheir of Francis, son of Milo Pendrath of Norborne, by Elizabeth, one of the heirs of Thomas Lewin, and nurse to queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth. His ancestors had resided for some generations at Chilton, in Ash, but were originally descended from Minister, in Thanet. They bore for their arms, Or, on a chevron, gules, three mullets, argent, between three elephants heads, erased, of the second. (fn. 4) On his death, about the middle of that reign, the possession of it reverted to the crown, where it remained, till king James I. soon after his accession, granted it in see to Sir Edwin Sandys, on whom he conferred the honour of knighthood, and had given this estate, for his firm attachment to him at that time. He rebuilt this mansion, and kept his shrievalty at it, in the 14th year of king James I. and dying in the year 1629, was buried in the vault which he had made in this church for himself and his posterity, and in which most of his direct descendants were afterwards deposited. He was second son of Edwin Sandys, archbishop of York, by his second wife. The archbishop's eldest son was Samuel, who was of Worcestershire, from whom descended the lords Sandys, late of Ombersley, in that county. Two of his younger sons were, Miles Sandys, of Worcestershire, and George, the noted traveller. They bore for their arms, Or, a fess dancette, between three cross croslets, fitchee, gules.o
Sir Edwin Sandys, though he had four wives, left male issue only by his last wife. From Edwin, their second son, descended the Sandys's, of Norbornecourt; and from Richard, the third son, those of Canterbury, still remaining there. On Sir Edwin Sandys's death, in 1629, his eldest son, Henry Sandys, esq. succeeded to this estate; and on his death, s. p. his next brother, Col. Edwin Sandys, the noted rebel colonel under Oliver Cromwell, well known for his sacrilegious depredations and insolent cruelties to the royalists, who died at Norborne-court of the wound he had received in 1642, at the battle of Worcester, His grandson Sir Richard Sandys, of Norborne-court, was created a baronet in 1684, and died in 1726. By his first wife he left only four daughters his coheirs, viz. Priscilla, the eldest, married to Henry Sandys, esq. (grandson of Henry Sandys, esq. of Downe, the son of Col. Richard Sandys, the younger brother of Col. Edwin Sandys, the great grandfather of Priscilla, above-mentioned). Mary, the second daughter and coheir, married William Roberts, esq. of Harbledowne; Elizabeth, the third daughter, died unmarried soon after her father's death; and Anne, the fourth and youngest daughter, married Charles Pyott, esq. of Canterbury, and they respectively, in right of their wives, became possessed of this, among the rest of his estates, in undivided shares, by the entail made in Sir Richard Sandys's will.
The third part of Henry Sandys, in right of his wife Priscilla, descended to his son Richard Sandys, esq. of Canterbury, whose surviving sons, and daughter Susan married to Henry Godfrey Faussett, esq. of Heppington, at length succeeded to it.
The third part of William Roberts, in right of his wife Mary, descended at length to his grand-daughter Mary, only daughter of Edward Wollet, esq. who carried it in marriage to Sir Robert Mead Wilmot, bart. and on his decease came to his eldest son Sir Robert Wilmot, bart.
The remaining third part of Charles Pyott, esq. in right of his wife Anne, descended to his only daughter Anne, married to Robert Thomas Pyott, esq. of Hull, but afterwards of Canterbury.
In 1795, all the parties interested in this estate joined in conveying their respective shares to the several purchasers undermentioned: to James Tillard, esq. of Street-End Place, near Canterbury, Northborne-court lodge, farm, and lands; to Robert-Thomas Pyott, esq. Stoneheap-farm; to Wm. Wyborn, the scite of the late mansion house, gardens, and LongLane farm; to Mr. John Parker, Cold-Harbour farm; and to several other persons, the remaining small detached parts of this estate. The whole purchase-monies amounting nearly to 30,000l. The whole estate contained near 1100 acres, all tithe-free, except about forty acres.
The mansion of Norborne-court, the residence of the Sandys's, appears to have been a large and stately building. It was pulled down in 1750, and the materials sold; and the walls are all that now remain of it, forming a very considerable ruin. Near the house was a handsome chapel, formerly used by the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, when they visited this mansion, and afterwards by the Sandys family. It is at this time nearly entire, excepting the roof, which has been long since taken off.
LITTLE BETSHANGER is an estate in the western part of this parish, which was antiently accounted a manor, and had once owners of the same name; one of whom, Ralph de Betshanger, was possessed of it in king Edward II.'s reign, as was his descendant Thomas de Bethanger, in the 20th year of the next reign of king Edward III. Soon after which, Roger de Cliderow, says Philipott, was proprietor of it, as appears by the seals of old evidences, which commenced from that reign, the shields on which are upon a chevron, between three eagles, five annulets. Notwithstanding which, it appears by the gravestone over his successor, Richard Clitherow, esq. in Ash church, that the arms of these Clitherows were, Three cups covered, within a bordure, ingrailed, or; at least that he bore different arms from those of his predecessor. At length, Roger Clitherow died without male issue, leaving three daughters his coheirs; of whom Joane, the second, married John Stoughton, of Dartford, second son of Sir John Stoughton, lord-mayor of London. After which, this estate was alienated from this family of Stoughton to Gibbs, from which name it passed into that of Omer; in which it staid, till Laurence Omer, gent. of Ash, leaving an only daughter and heir Jane, she carried it in marriage to T. Stoughton, gent of Ash, afterwards of St. Martin's, Canterbury, son of Edward Stoughton, of Ash, the grandson of John Stoughton, of Dartford, the former possessor of this estate. He died in 1591, leaving three daughters his coheirs; of whom, Elizabeth was married to Thomas Wild, esq. of St. Martin's, Canterbury; Ellen to Edward Nethersole, gent. and Mary to Henry Paramore, gent. of St. Nicholas, and they by a joint conveyance passed it away to Mr. John Gookin, who about the first year of king James, alienated it to Sir Henry Lodelow, and he again, in the next year of king Charles I. sold it to Edward Boys, esq. of Great Betshanger, whole descendant Edward Grotius Boys, dying s. p. in 1706, gave it by will to his kinsman Thomas Brett, LL. D. who not long afterwards alienated it to Sir Henry Furnese, bart. of Waldershare, and his son, Sir Robert Furnese, bart. of the same place, died possessed of it in 1733. His three daughters and coheirs afterwards succeeded to his estates, on the partition of which this estate was wholly allotted, among others, to Anne, the eldest sister, wife of John, viscount St. John, which was confirmed by an act passed next year. After which it descended down to their grandson George, viscount Bolingbroke, who sold it in 1791 to Mr. Thomas Clark, the present owner of it. The house is large, and has been the residence of gentlemen; a family of the name of Boys has inhabited it for many years, Mr. John Boys now resides in it, a gentleman, whose scientific knowledge in husbandry is well known, especially by the publication of the Agricultural Society of the state of it, and its improvements in this county, for which they are, I believe, wholly indebted to him.
THE TITHES of this estate of Little Betshanger, as well great as small, belonged, with those of Finglisham in this parish, to the abbot and convent of St. Augusting, and were assigned in the year 1128 to the cloathing of the monks there; and after the dissolution of the monastery were granted together to the archbishop of Canterbury, part of whose revenues they remain at this time. (fn. 5)
Mr. Boteler, of Eastry, found near Little Betshanger, the plant astragalus glyeyphyllos, wild liquorice, or liquorice vetch, which is very scarce, and has never been observed by him any where else.
THE MANOR OF TICKENHURST, now called Tickness; in Domesday, Ticheteste, and in other antient records, Tygenhurst, is situated in the borough and hamlet of its own name. It lies most part of it in this parish, but at some distance westward from the rest of it, several parishes intervening, and partly in that of Knolton. In the time of the Conqueror, Odo, the great bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, was owner of it, and continued so at the taking of the survey of Domesday, in which this manor is thus entered in it, under the general title of the bishop's lands:
Turstin holds of the bishop Ticheteste. It was taxed at one suling and an half. The arable land is ..... In demesne there is one carucate, with four borderers, and a small wood. In the time of king Edward the Consessor it was worth four pounds, and afterwards forty shillings, now one hundred shillings. Edric de Alham held it of king Edward.
Four years after the taking of the above survey, the bishop was disgraced, and all his possessions were confiscated to the crown. After which, this manor came into the possession of a family, which took their surname from it, some of whom were witnesses to deeds of a very antient date; but they became ex tinct before the reign of king Henry VI. and it was afterwards the property of the Stoddards, ancestors of those of this name, of Mottingham, in this county, in which this manor remained for some generations, till about the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign it was alienated to Peyton, of Knolton; since which it has continued in the possession of the owners of that manor and seat, down to Sir Narborough D'Aeth, bart. now of Knolton, the present owner of it.
In the year 1074, the bishop of Baieux gave to St. Augustine's monastery, those tithes which his tenants had; i. e. the chamberlain Adelold, in the villes of Cnolton, Tickenhurst, and Ringelton, and likewise of Bedleshangre, and of Osbern Paisforer, in the small ville of Bocland, all which the king confirmed by his charter. But the tithes of Cnolton and Ringelton, William de Albiney, in process of time, being lord of the fee of those lands, took away from the monastery through his power; and the tithe of Boclonde, Roger de Malmains took away from it.
Within this borough and hamlet of Tickenhurst are two farms, called Great and Little Tickenhurst, belonging to Sir Narborough D'Aeth, bart, both which pay tithes to the almonry or parsonage of Norborne, formerly belonging to St. Augustine's monastery.
NEAR THE north west boundary of the parish is the HAMLET OF WEST-STREET, containing five houses. In it is an estate, called WEST-STREET, alias PARK GATE, the first mention that I find of which is in the will of Roger Litchfield, anno 1513, who mentions his farm of West-street. This, with another farm called Parkgate, (the buildings of which are now pulled down) stood in Ham parish. Sir Cloudesley Shovel was in later times possessed of this estate, and after his unfortunate decease, his two daughters and coheirs. On the division of their estate, Anne the youngest daughter, entitled her husband John Black wood to the possession of it. He died in 1777, and was succeeded in it by his two sons and coheirs in gavelkind, Shovel Blackwood, esq. and Col. John Blackwood, of Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire, who made a division of their inheritance; in which partition this estate of West-street, alias Parkgate, was, among others, allotted to the latter, who next year procured an act for the sale of it. After his death this estate came to his widow, who sold it in 1790 to Mr. William Nethersole, the present owner of it.
ABOUT HALF A MILE from West-street is THE HAMLET OF FINGLESHAM, containing thirty houses. It is written in the survey of Domesday, Flenguessam, in which it is thus entered, under the title of lands held of the archbishop by knight's service:
In Estrei hundred. William Folet holds of the archbishop, Flenguessam. It was taxed at half a suling. There he has six villeins, with one carucate and an half.
After this, I find no further mention of this place for some time; but in the reign of king Edward I. in the year 1288, the king granted licence to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, to appropriate to their use a messuage, and certain rents and lands in different parishes, and among others, in the tenancy of Norborne, at Fenlesham.
In later times I find that William Poyshe, of Norborne, by will in 1524, gave his place at Fynglisham, to John his son, and that Thomas Parker, late one of the jurats of Sandwich, by will in 1596, gave to Nicholas Parker, his brother's son, his house and lands in Fynglisham, called Fynglisham farm, situated in this street. His descendant, Valentine Parker, gent. resided here in 1669, and by will gave this estate to his godson, Mr. Valentine Hild, or Hoile, from whom it has descended to his great-grandson Mr. Thomas Hoile, the present owner of it.
ROBERT, abbot of St. Augustine's monastery, in king Henry III.'s reign, anno 1240, confirmed an exchange, made by his convent, of all THE TITHES of Finglesham and Little Betshangre, as well great as small, to the eleemosinary of his monastery, which tithes had before belonged to the chamberlain of it. (fn. 6) These tithes of Finglisham now belong to the archbishop, and are, with those of Little Betshanger in this parish, demised by him on a beneficial lease.
Through Finglesham, and over Howe bridge, the high road leads to Deal. From hence, the water, called the Gestling, or north stream, takes its course towards the river Stour, below Sandwich.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE southward from Finglesham, is the little HAMLET OF MARLEY, which consists of only four houses, one of which is that of GROVE, alias MARLEY FARM, the former of which is its proper name, though it is now usually called by the latter. It formerly belonged to the family of Brett. Percival Brett, of Wye, possessed it in 1630, whose descendant, Richard Brett, gent. left an only daughter Catherine, who married John Cook, formerly of Mersham, but afterwards of Canterbury, clerk. They left two daughters, Catherine, wife of Thomas Shindler, alderman of Canterbury, and Mary, and they joined in the conveyance of this estate, in 1727, to John Paramor, gent. of Statenborough; after which, it descended in like manner as Statenborough, to his niece, Mrs. Jane Hawker, afterwards the wife of John Dilnot, esq. who on her death became possessed of the see of it, which he sold in 1792, together with a farm in Finglisham, to William Boteler, esq. of Eastry, who resided here, and two years afterwards alienated them both to Mr. James Jeken, of Oxney, the present owner of them.
ABOUT A MILE south-westward, at the western boundary of this parish, is THE MANOR OF WESTCOURT, alias BURNT-HOUSE, stiled in the antient book of the Fædary of Kent, the manor of Westcourt, alias East Betshanger, and said in it to have been held of the late monastery of St. Augustine by knight's service, being then the property of Roger Litchfield, who died possessed of it in 1513, and in his will calls it a manor, since which it has always had the same owners as Great Betshanger, and is now possessed accordingly by the Rev. James Morrice.
Upon the north-north east point of the open downs adjoining to Little Betshanger are the remains of a camp, formed for the forces which lay here, under the command of Capt. Peke, to oppose the landing of the Spaniards, at the time of the armada, in 1588. About a mile further southward from hence, over an open uninclosed country, is Stoneheap, a good farm, which has long had the same owners as Norbornecourt, and is now by a late purchase, wholly vested in Robert-Thomas Pyott, esq. as has been already mentioned before. This estate is tithe-free, being most probably part of the demesnes of Norborne manor. It takes tithes of corn and grain, of eighteen acres of land in Little Mongeham, belonging to Mr. John Boys, and twenty-two acres in Norborne, late belonging to Sir Edward Dering, bart. separate from it, but by what means I know not.
AT A LIKE DISTANCE, still further southward, is WEST STUDDAL, formerly written Stodwald, an estate which some time since belonged to a branch of the numerous family of Harvey, originally of Tilmanstone, under which a further account of them may be seen. In the descendants of this family it continued down to Richard Harvey, who was afterwards of Dane-court; not long after which, this estate came into the possession of James Six, of whom it was purchased by Sir Henry Furnese, bart. of Waldershare, about the year 1707. After which it passed, in the allotment of the Furnese estates, to Sir Edward Dering, bart. who not long since conveyed it to Solley, of Sandwich, and he sold it to Mr. Thomas Packe, of Deal, whose daughter carried it in marriage to James Methurst Pointer, esq. who lately sold it to Mr. Laurence Dilnot, the present owner of it.
FROM HENCE over Maimage, but more properly Malmains down, is THE HAMLET OF ASHLEY, containing fifteen houses. In it is Ashley farm, belonging to Mrs. Elizabeth Herring. The rectory or parsonage of Ashley, called in antient records, Essela, was part of the possessions of the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, with whom it continued till the dissolution of that abbey, anno 30 Henry VIII. After which it was granted to the archbishop, of whom it is now held on a beneficial lease; the interest in which belongs to Isaac Bargrave, esq. of Eastry, in right of his late wife Sarah, sister and coheir of Robert Lynch, M. D. of Canterbury, and to Mrs. Elizabeth Herring above-mentioned, the other sister and coheir. This lease consists of the glebe of land, with the tithes of the hamlet of Ashley, West Studdal, Minacre, Napchester, and of others in Little Mungeham.
SOUTHWARD from the above, is THE HAMLET OF MINACRE, sometimes spelt Minaker, one moiety, or half of which, was formerly the property of Silkwood, and was purchased of one of them by Sir Robert Furnese, bart. of Waldershare. Since which it has passed in like manner as the rest of the Furnese estates in this county, which came to the late earl of Guildford, by his marriage with the countess of Rockingham, one of Sir Robert Furnese's daughters and coheirs, and his grandson the present right hon. George Augustus, earl of Guildford, is now owner of it.
The other moiety, or half of this hamlet, belongs to Mr. Leonard Woodward, of Ashley.
Still further southward, at the utmost limits of this parish, is another hamlet of five houses, called NAPCHESTER, which adjoins to the parishes of Walder share and Whitfield, the principal farm of which belongs to the earl of Guildford. There are no fairs kept in this parish.
Charities.
SIR RICHARD SANDYS, bart. of this parish, by will in 1726, gave to the churchwardens and overseers 5l. to be laid out in buying coals at the cheapest time of the year, and to be by them sold out to the poor at the same price that they cost, and the monies arising from such sale to be a fund, to be yearly employed for the same purpose.
The poor constantly relieved are about twenty-five, casually thirty.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sandwich.
The church, which is exempted from the archdeacon, is dedicated to St. Augustine. It is a large goodly building, consisting of a nave, chancel, and transept, having a large square tower in the middle, which has probably been much higher. There are five bells in it. The church is built of flint, with quoins, door, and window cases of ashler squared stone; some arches of the windows are pointed, some circular, and some with zig-zag ornaments. The western arch of the tower is pointed with triple dancette ornaments; the others circular. The chancel is repaired by the archbishop's lessee of the almonry. In the south transept, which is repaired by the Sandys's family, is a large vault, in which are deposited their remains. Over it is a most costly and sumptuous monument, having at the back a plain blank tablet; on the tomb the recumbent essigies of a knight in armour and his lady in a loose mantle. Above the pediment, and in other places, several shields of arms, with the coat of Sandys, with quarterings and impalements. This tomb is for Sir Edwin Sandys, second son of Edwin, archbishop of York. He had a grant of Norborne court from king James I. and died in 1639. (His marriages and issue have been already mentioned before). This monument was erected by him in his life time; but he who erected this sumptuous monument, and added the provisional blank tablet and escutcheons on it, with a thought of securing to himself and his posterity a king of immortality, left not one behind him, of all his numerous children, who had the least veneration for him, or respect for his memory; both the tablet and escutcheons remaining a blank at this time. In the nave is a memorial for Richard Harvie of Eastry, obt. 1675. In the church-yard are three altar-tombs, one for George Shocklidge, A. M. vicar forty-nine years, ob. 1772; arms, Three fishes, their heads conjoined in fess, their tails extended into the corners of the escutcheon; and the other two for the family of Gibbon.
The church of Norborne, with its chapels of Cotmanton and Sholdon, was antiently appendant to the manor, and was in early times appropriated to the abbey of St. Augustine; and in 1128, anno 29 king Henry I. was assigned by Hugh, the abbot of it, to the use of the eleemosinary or almonry belonging to it, which almonry was an hospital, built just without the gate of the monastery, for the reception of strangers and the poor resorting to it from all parts, and the relief of the weak and infirm.
After this, there were continual disputes between the abbots of this monastery and the several archbishops, concerning their respective privileges and jurisdictions relating to the churches belonging to it, among others, to this of Norborne, which at last ended in the allowance of the abbot's exemption from all such jurisdiction; archbishop Arundel in 1397 pronouncing a definitive sentence in the abbot's favour; all which may be found inserted at large in Thorne's Chronicle. (fn. 7)
In the year 1295, the abbot made an institution of several new deanries, for the purpose of apportioning the churches belonging to his monastery to each of them, as exempt from the jurisdiction of the archbishop; in which institution this church was included in the new deanry of Sturry. This caused great contentions between the abbots and the several archbishops, which at last ended in the total abolition of this new institution.
In which state this appropriation, with the advowson of the vicarage, remained, till the final dissolution of the abbey in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it came into the king's hands, whence the parsonage appropriate, otherwise called the Almonry farm, was granted the next year in exchange to the archbishop, and it remains parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury at this time.
But the advowson of the vicarage of this church, being excepted out of the above grant, remained in the crown, till king Edward VI. in his 1st year granted it, being an advowson in gross, to the archbishop, in whose successors it has continued to this time, his grace the archbishop being the present patron of it.
¶Though the church of Norborne was so early appropriated to the use of the almonry, as has been mentioned before, and a vicarage instituted in it, yet there was no endowment of it till the 1st year of the reign of king Edward I. when the abbot and convent, under their chapter seal, granted an endowment of it, which was approved of by the archbishop's commissary. He decreed and ordained, that the vicar should have the usual mansion of the vicarage, with the garden, and two acres of land contiguous to it, together with eleven acres of land lying at Donneslonde, and the way usual to the same; all which the vicars had heretofore enjoyed. And that they should have yearly two cows feeding, and the right of feeding them, from the feast, of St. Gregory until that of St. Martin in winter, with the cows of the religious wheresoever within the bounds of the parish. Also that they should have, in the name of their vicarage, within the limits or titheries of this church, or chapels of it, all the tithes whatsoever of sheaves, corn, and other vegetables, in orchards or gardens, being dug with the foot; and also all tithes arising from all mills so situated then, or which hereafter might be built, excepting of the mill of the religious, nigh to the King's highway, leading from Northborne towards Canterbury. Also that they should receive, in the name of the vicarage, all tithes of hay arising within the parish, or within the bounds of the chapels aforesaid, excepting the tithe of hay, arising from the meadows of the religious in this parish, at the time of the endowment. Also that they should receive, in the name of the vicarage, all oblations whatsoever in the church of Northborne, and the chapels or oratories, wheresoever situated, dependent on it, excepting the oblations made by strangers, not parishioners of the church, or chapels, in the chapel of the religious, situated within their manor of Norborne, which they had retained to themselves. Moreover, that the vicars should receive all tithes of lambs, wool, chicken, calves, ducks, pigs, geese, swans, peas, pigeons, milk, milk-meats, trades, merchandizes, eggs, flax, hemp, broom, rushes, fisheries, pasture, apples, onions, garlic, pears, and all manner of small tithes, within the bounds, or tithings of the church and chapels aforesaid, in any shape arising or to arise in future; and also whatsoever legacies should be left in future to the church and chapels, and especially the tithes of reed, rushes, and silva cædua, whenever cut down, within the bounds or tithings of the chapels of Cotmanton and Scholdon, to this church belonging, or at any time arising. But that the vicars should undergo the burthen of serving in divine offices themselves, or other fit priests, in this church and chapels depending on it; but that the burthen of providing bread and wine, lights, and other things, which should be necessary there for the celebration of divine services, they should undergo in the said church and chapels, at their own expence, excepting in the chapel of Cotmanton; in which the burthens of this kind, and likewise of the rebuilding and repairing of the chapel, used to be borne, by the lords of the manor of Cotmanton. In the payment likewise of the tenth, or other quota of ecclesiastical benefices, when it happened that the same should be imposed on the churches in England, or in the archbishop's province or diocese, the vicars and their successors there, according to the portion of taxation of the said vicarage, should be bound to pay the same for the said vicarage. But the burthens of repairing and rebuilding the chancel of the church of Northborne, and the chapel of Scholdon depending on it, within and without; and of finding and repairing the books, vestments, and ornaments of the church and chapel of Scholdon, which by the rectors of churches ought, or were wont to be found and repaired of custom or of right, and other burthens ordinary and extraordinary incumbent on the said church and chapel, the religious should undergo for ever and acknowledge; all and singular of which, he, the aforesaid John, archbishop of Canterbury, approving, confirmed by that his ordinary authority, reserving to him and his successors, &c. (fn. 8)
In 1396 there was an agreement entered into between the rector of East Langdon and the vicar of Norborne, concerning the annual payment of four shillings to the latter. In which the parishioners of East Langdon are mentioned as being bound to contribute to the repair of the church of Norborne.
The vicarage of Norborne, with the chapel of Sholdon annexed, is valued in the king's books at 12l. 11s. 8d. and the yearly tents at 1l. 5s. 2d.
In 1578 here were one hundred and ninety-two communicants, and it was valued at sixty pounds. In 1640 here were communicants two hundred and ninety-seven, and it was valued at Seventy-four pounds.
Here is a good vicarage-house, which with the homestall, measures two acres; and there are nine acres of glebe land beside.