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Single serotonergic neurons and axons.
[© Tessa Hirschfeld-Stoler and Columbia University. All Rights Reserved. Do not use or reproduce.]
The image is from Brain Basics: Know Your Brain brochure
www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/know_your_brain.htm
Credit: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
Crochet neurons that I've made for the "Knit a Neuron" project. They're my first ever bit of crochet!
simply an orange in hdr through a reverse len. it reminds me a "neuron cell" image on my biology childlike book.
A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling, via connections with other cells called synapses. Neurons are the core components of nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia. Transplanting fetal neurons into the brains of young mice opens a new window on neural plasticity, or flexibility in the brain’s neural circuits. The research, published today in the journal Science, suggests that the brain’s ability to radically adapt to new situations might not be permanently lost in youth, and helps to pinpoint the factors needed to reintroduce this plasticity.
I was hoping to have more awesome photos of rat brain cells to share with y'all today. The cells look good, but I had trouble focusing the camera today. Note to self: wear contacts, not glasses, on days when you'll be playing with the microscope. Here's the least blurry one from today's batch.
In this image, researchers used a recently developed polarized light microscope to trace the spatial orientation of neurons in a thin section of the mouse midbrain. Neurons that stretch horizontally appear green, while those oriented at a 45-degree angle are pinkish-red and those at 225 degrees are purplish-blue. These colors don’t involve staining or tagging the cells with fluorescent markers: the colors are generated strictly from the light interacting with the physical orientation of each neuron.
More information: directorsblog.nih.gov/2017/04/27/snapshots-of-life-neuron...
Credit: Michael Shribak, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
NIH support from: National Institute of General Medical Sciences
"The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the larger centers has owned the Government ever since the days of Andrew Jackson."
– Franklin D. Roosevelt, letter to Col. Edward Mandell House (21 November 1933)
"Aphorisms are short, pithy sayings; they are individual passages that can be recited and remain intelligible out of context; they can stand on their own without further support."
– Dr. Louis Groarke
"The antagonism between science and religion, about which we hear so much, appears to me to be purely factitious — fabricated, on the one hand, by short-sighted religious people who confound a certain branch of science, theology, with religion; and, on the other, by equally short-sighted scientific people who forget that science takes for its province only that which is susceptible of clear intellectual comprehension; and that, outside the boundaries of that province, they must be content with imagination, with hope, and with ignorance."
– Thomas Huxley, "The interpreters of Genesis and the interpreters of Nature" (1885).
First of a new batch of code generated neuron images. Been tweaking the source code, and pushing the results a little.
More of my artwork can be found in my online portfolio
and some prints are available
Crochet neurons that I've made for the "Knit a Neuron" project. They're my first ever bit of crochet!
The first fascinating speaker in the bowels of the Bio-X building (at the Imitating Life Symposium this morning) was John Donoghue, Professor of Neuroscience at Brown University on the topic of "Turning Thoughts into Action: Neural Interfaces to Restore Movement in Humans with Paralysis"
Here is opens with an interesting image in the bottom left corner – the first cardiac pacemaker (a full push cart of equipment). Neurotech is in an early phase of development, although he notes that 50K people already have deep drain stimulation implants.
“Many diseases impair sensory input but leave cognition intact (spinal cord injury, ALS, stroke, limb loss…)”
He inserts a 4 sq. mm array of 100 neural probes into the M1 arm knob of the cortex. With a random sample of neural signaling from that region of the brain, and some Kalman filtering, patients can instantly control the cursor on screen (unlike biofeedback or sensory remapping which require training). They can deduce motor intent from a sample of an average of 24 neurons.
When connected to a robot hand for the first time, and asked to “make a fist” the patient exclaimed “holy sh*t” as it worked the first time.
Prior to the experiments, open questions included: Do the neurons stay active (other work indicates that the motor cortex reorganizes within minutes of decoupled sensory input)? Can thinking still activate the motor neurons? The test patients had been in sensory deprivation for 2-9 years prior. Will there be scarring and degradation over time? One patient is three years in. What are the neural plasticity effects?
Here is a video overview… just a pop, flip and hump to The Matrix. Wait a minute… John bears an uncanny resemblance to The Architect (below)…
Canon 350D + extension tubes + Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 manual focus
The chain tensioner attachment is one of the things I'd change about this bike if I could. All my other trials bikes have had horizontal dropouts and I'm not against vertical dropouts, but this tensioner needed a redesign.
Audio technology from a previous life, probably unfamiliar to many Flickr members...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fblikM3DJHw
Published as a cover of Neuron magazines Apr-2010
Questa mattina, in auto, nel solito tragitto casa-lavoro, con l’autoradio che mi tempestava di canzoncine allegre e i due neuroni del cervello che si nascondevano sotto le lenzuolina dei loro lettini, sono riuscita a fare ben due pensieri distinti e in qualche modo li ho cuciti fra loro.
Pensierino numero 1:
Quando ero piccola volevo fare la scrittorA, e infatti sono una ragionierA.
Nonostante questo, come dire, poco coerente cammino, devo ammettere che sono riuscita a diventare una quasi-scrittorA, anche se tendo a mettere sempre un sacco di numeri nei miei testi…
Alla mia scuola, però, oltre a questo uso compulsivo di numeri devo riconoscere un pregio:
mi ha insegnato a ragionare.
Che uno dice ‘eccheccazzo, hai fatto ragioneria, se non ragioni tu chi ragiona?’
E a quell’uno mi verrebbe da rispondere ‘oh ma fatti un po’ i cazzi tuoi!’ ma siccome sono una personcina carina e gentile spiegherò cosa significa ‘ragionare’.
Nonostante si parli del tempo delle pietre e si andasse ancora a scuola a cavallo dei mammuth, mi ricordo, come fosse ieri, una lezione di ragioneria, che mi ha ‘segnato’ più di tutte le altre.
La prof., che, diciamo, non era un pezzo di pane, e infatti c’è ancora chi se la sogna di notte e si sveglia con i capelli bianchi e poi fa colazione col Maalox, la prof., dicevo, ci disse:
‘oggi facciamo finta di diventare gestori di un negozio di abbigliamento’.
Allora cominciammo ‘comperiamo i jeans!’ e la prof. ‘bene, li mettiamo per terra, sul corso…’
Allora un altro disse ‘comperiamo gli scaffali!’ e la prof. ‘mettiamo anche gli scaffali sul corso’, un altro ‘affittiamo un negozio!’ e la prof. ‘con che soldi?’ e una ragazza ‘andiamo a prenderli in banca!’ e la prof. ‘e in banca danno i soldi a tutti?’ e così via.
Quel giorno più di ogni altro mi insegnò a ‘ragionare’, a guardare sotto il tappeto degli argomenti, dietro gli stipiti delle discussioni, insomma mi insegnò che bisogna farsi mille domande e curiosare e non smettere di chiedere, prima di dire ‘sì, si può fare’.
Il secondo pensierino era meno complesso:
io sono una sempliciotta.
Comunque sia, ragioneria e ragionamenti compresi, io sono così ‘basica’ e ‘beccona’ che la prima reazione alla frase ‘guarda, c’è un asino che vola!’ è: ‘dove? Dove?’ solo dopo comincio con la sfilza di domande:
ma quanto vola? E le ali che apertura hanno? Ma l’asino raglia? E come si nutre? Ma se fa la cacca dove cade che non si vedono cacche di asino in giro? Alla fine capisco che, tanto per cambiare, mi hanno preso il culo, per usare un eufemismo…
il collegamento dei due pensierini è un volo pindarico, ve lo dico subito.
E’ così assurdo che quasi quasi un asino che vola non è così impossibile…
Al telegiornale hanno parlato di un bambino appena nato, problemi fisici così estesi che i dottori hanno dichiarato ‘la morte è la sua salvezza’.
Non entro nell’argomento, perché non è quello l’argomento, è stata solo la ‘miccia’ per il pensiero-pindarico.
Il mio cervellino, dopo la solita fase ‘sempliciotta’ (oddiooddiooddio) ha cominciato a pensare:
quando è stato tempo di votare, tutti si sono tappati il naso, altri non se lo sono tappato, altri hanno volontariamente votato l’attuale Governo.
Personalmente, ogni volta che vado a votare, ci sono delle domande che mi faccio:
quale delle due correnti politiche garantirà la sanità pubblica?
Quale delle due correnti politiche non renderà la scuola privata o, per lo meno cercherà di non farla per pochi eletti?
Quali delle due correnti politiche cercherà di dare opportunità alle persone disagiate, meno abbienti, con problemi fisici?
Quali delle due correnti politiche,anche se solo in maniera parziale, guarderà l’uomo prima del denaro?
Quando mi sono data la risposta a queste domande, allora voto.
Che, sia ben chiaro, in questo caso non era un voto facile per altri motivi: il senso di appartenenza non c’era. Ma non mi viene in mente neanche per due secondi di votare una corrente politica che non risponde affermativamente alle domande di cui sopra.
Torniamo al volo pindarico:
il bambino appena nato è stato tolto alla famiglia, il giudice ha detto che dovrà continuare a vivere, i medici stessi hanno dichiarato che sarà una sofferenza continua per quell’esserino.
E così mi sono detta:
l’attuale Governo lotterà, con la sua amica Chiesa, per togliere o ‘abortire’ la 194;
l’attuale governo però farà di tutto per privatizzare la Sanità;
l’attuale Governo farà scuole per pochi e ‘taglierà’ gli ultimi pezzetti di assistenza ai ragazzini con problemi, che torneranno ad essere i ‘paria’ della Società;
l’attuale Governo è per il soldo, per la competizione, per il bello e il sano e non darà opportunità a chi vuole cooperare, lavorare in gruppo, non guarda al lato estetico e magari ha problemi fisici;
quindi, l’attuale Governo:
farà nascere bambini con gravi problemi fisici, al limite della disperazione;
i genitori dovranno pagare di tasca propria le cure, l’assistenza, ecc.;
non avranno possibilità, in caso i problemi non fossero totali, di mandarlo in una scuola pubblica, perché non ci saranno insegnanti che potranno occuparsi di loro;
i bambini diventeranno un ‘peso’ per la Società e come tali saranno trattati.
Ergo:
chi ha votato l’attuale Governo forse doveva fare qualche lezione di ragioneria con la mia prof. ‘prima’….non avendo avuto tale possibilità ora dovrà pregare tutti i Santi (magari potrà farsi consigliare dal Papa quelli più ‘attivi’) che la salute sia sempre dalla sua, e che non abbia un problema uno, o si pentirà di essere nato.
Chi ha votato l’attuale Governo perché i Rom sono brutti e cattivi, i gay sono brutti e cattivi, gli extra-comunitari sono brutti e cattivi, insomma sono tutti brutti e cattivi, sarà il caso si guardi allo specchio e si faccia una sola domanda: cosa sarà di me, se avrò una malattia grave, di lunga durata, che richiederà cure costose, assistenza, e non potrò lavorare, e non potrò garantire uno stipendio che mantenga la mia famiglia?
Una
Sola
Domanda
La risposta non è 42, per una volta…
Poi per fortuna sono arrivata al lavoro e mi sono data ai numeri, che, in sostanza, sono meno imbecilli di noi uomini.
Amen.
Scientists are increasingly uncovering evidence of cross-talk between the nervous system and the immune system in many diseases, including psoriasis. Neurons (red) in mouse skin communicate with dermal dendritic cells (green), a type of immune cell, to drive inflammation in psoriasis. This role of the nervous system presents a new pathway for researchers to develop treatments for psoriasis and possibly other inflammatory skin diseases.
Credit: Ulrich von Andrian, M.D., Ph.D., Harvard Medical School
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have reached a milestone in their quest to catalog the brain’s “parts list.” The NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) issued its first data release in 2018. Posted on a public web portal for researchers, it profiles molecular identities of more than 1.3 million mouse brain cells and anatomical data from 300 mouse brains – among the largest such characterizations to date.
Researchers also identified mouse brain cells for mating, parenting and aggression. In this image, the same cluster of neurons (inside the blue square) is preferentially activated in virgin females, mothers and fathers displaying parenting behavior when exposed to mouse pups.
Read more: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-brain-initiativ...
Credit: Drs. Catherine Dulac, Xiaowei Zhuang, Harvard University
NIH support from: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
( Featured on front cover of Jain Digest )
There are several pathways to attaining Nirvana. It is the union of Right Knowledge, Right Faith and Right Conduct that eventually leads to Nirvana.
The central multicolored figure represents a neuron; it is the memory bank as well as the source of transmission of full spectrum of knowledge. There are several categories of knowledge. Every human being has intrinsic faculty to harvest them. Each of the knowledge is assigned a specific color. Green-derived from scriptures, blue-subjective cognition, red- super sensory perception, orange- reading the thoughts of others and light yellow-omniscience. Black indicates ignorance or lack of knowledge, which pervades the human kind resulting in the cycles of birth and death.
The light background reflects the aura that surrounds the person having righteous knowledge. One must appropriately apply it to start the process of attaining Nirvana.
Media: Acrylic & Pastel. Size: 24”x30”
Human embryonic stem cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, which are the ones that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Working with these cells in a lab dish provides a way to study the origins and possible treatments for Parkinson's disease.
This photo was taken by Jeannie Liu in the lab of Jan Nolta at the University of California, Davis.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
A new study in mice uncovered a previously unknown role that the central amygdala can play in upgrading or downgrading pain signals in the brain’s circuitry.
Read more: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-mice-expl...
Credit: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health/NIH
Human embryonic stem cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, which are the ones that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Working with these cells in a lab dish provides a way to study the origins and possible treatments for Parkinson's disease.
This photo was taken by Jeannie Liu in the lab of Jan Nolta at the University of California, Davis.
A neuron has a soma (cell body) from which processes emerge. The processes that receive information from synapses are called dendrites, while the process that carry the information from the soma is called the axon. Neurons have only one axon. The axon emerges from the axon hillock and is covered by glial cells, in this case an oligodendrocyte of the CNS, that form the myelin. If the neuron was in the PNS, its axon would be covered by other glial cells called Schwann cells. Gaps between the myelin are called nodes of Ranvier. The axon ends in branches at the axon terminal and the branches enlarge at their ends to form synaptic end bulbs. (Image credit: "Labeled parts of a neuron" by Chiara Mazzasette is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work)
Students in Meg Hodgin's AP Psychology class were recently divided into self-selected groups, based off of preferred learning styles, and tasked with creating a lesson plan on how a neuron fires using their selected learning approaches. The groups used musical, naturalistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, kinesthetic and existential teaching approaches for their presentations. Video by Glenn Minshall.
this was taken in the Calgary International Airport before boarding -- it is one of those airport toys to occupy/entertain children or photographers....
This image cannot be used on websites, blogs or other media without explicit my permission. © All rights reserved
Cells within an injured mouse eye can be coaxed into regenerating neurons and those new neurons appear to integrate themselves into the eye’s circuitry, new research shows. The findings potentially open the door to new treatments for eye trauma and retinal disease.
Credit: Tom Reh, Ph.D.
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
NIH support from: National Eye Institute
Optogenetics allows researchers to control specific cell types, such as these pyramidal cells, with light.
The GFP+ (green) neuron depicted is an embryonic radial glia stem cell.
These cells are found in an area called the ventricular zone during embryonic development and this area unsurprisingly flanks the ventricles of the brain.
These radial glia stem cells will give rise to neurons and glia.
Notice that there appears to be projections moving upwards (towards pial surface) and downwards (toward ventricle) from the soma of the stem cell. These are projections that are important to cellular migration of daughter cells and orienting the stem cell itself.
Image is a ~30 micron thick coronal section of the somatosensory cortex of an embryonic mouse brain.
Blue=DAPI (Binds DNA, marks nucleus)
Red = Pax6 (Transcription factor and marker of pluripotency)
Green = GFP (From jellyfish, used to identify affected cells in an experiment)
A mouse neuron in the striatum imaged using a two-photon optical microscope allows researchers to measure changes to dendritic spines and their influence on addiction.
More information: irp.nih.gov/our-research/research-in-action/a-conviction-...
Credit: Veronica Alvarez, National Institutes of Health
Watching the cortical video was like flying through a 3D extrusion of a Jackson Pollock.
[which reminded me of a flickr conversation that spilled over to lunch today... about how we see beauty in certain common patterns in nature... resonant homologies if you will... It seems that we like the emergent constructs, fractal and nested, that arise from iterative computations (evolution, organic growth...). In other words, we appreciate the accumulated computational complexity produced by evolutionary dynamics (genetic and memetic).]
Henry Markram from EPFL showed videos of the morphologically complex dentritic maps from the 10K neurons in one human cortical column. An IBM BlueGene computer runs at 22TFLOPS to model 10 million dynamic synapses for those 10K neurons.
The output from BlueGene is a data stream of 1 terabyte per sec. So they need another supercomputer (SGI with 300GB shared memory) for visualization to assess if the results are interesting.