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Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are sensory neurons that form on the outside of the spinal cord and extend axons throughout our bodies as part of our peripheral nervous system during development. This DRG has been grown in medium conditioned by endothelial cells, and shows significantly longer axonal extensions from the center of the explant (circular region of dense staining for β-III tubulin, red) than explants grown in standard medium. Isolating the factors that are responsible for this enhanced growth is essential to understand how vascular and neuronal systems pattern together during development. These findings will be used to develop 3D model systems to study these processes and direct the angiogenic response in regenerating tissues to ultimately encourage re-innervation.
This image was chosen as a winner of the 2016 NIH funded research image call.
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
Credit: Jonathan Grasman and David Kaplan, Tufts University
Three views of an olfactory projection neuron in the brain of an adult locust: Dorsal (top), anterior (bottom left), and lateral (bottom right). Credit: T. Miyazaki, NICHD
In mice with a particular ALS-causing mutation, a hyperactive enzyme called Cdk5 normally kills spinal cord neurons (pictured above). New IRP research has identified a promising way to reign in Cdk5 to prevent those toxic effects.
Read more: irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2019/11/reining-in-runaway-enzyme-h...
Credit: S. Jeong, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH
GFP expressing neurons in the Drosophila larval (maggot) body wall. This picture was snapped from a live specimen using epiflourescence microscope equipped with an EM-CCD camera.
Neurons (also neurones or nerve cells or nerve fibers) are a major class of cells (parenchyma) in the nervous system. In vertebrates, neurons are found in the brain, the spinal cord and in the nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Their main role is to process and transmit information. Morphologically, a prototypical neuron is composed of a cell body, a dendritic tree and an axon. In the classical view of the neuron, the cell body and dendritic tree receive inputs from other neurons, and axon transmits output signals. Neurons have excitable membranes, which allow them to generate and propagate electrical impulses. Neurons make connections with other neurons and transmit information to them via synaptic transmission. Different types of neurons have different shapes, possess specific electrical properties adopted for their function and use different neurotransmitters.
An NIH study has uncovered specialized mouse neurons that play a unique role in pain.
More information: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-uncovers-...
Credit: Jeremy and Nichole Swan
Les neurones à GnRH (cellules visualisées en rouges) qui naissent dans le nez au cours du développement embryonnaire, utilisent les fibres olfactives (marquage vert et bleu) pour migrer dans le cerveau jusqu'à l'hypothalamus pendant la vie fœtale. De là , ils orchestreront plus tard la fertilité.
©Vincent Prévot ; European Research Council/Agence Nationale de la Recherche Médicale/Métropole Européenne de Lille/Inserm.licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 international
Image accompagnant le communiqué de presse publié le 17 septembre 2020 : "Puberté précoce : une piste d’explication pour certains cas ?" presse.inserm.fr/puberte-precoce-une-piste-dexplication-p...
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Jusqu’à récemment, il était communément admis que c’était l’accélération de la croissance qui déclenchait la puberté. Or, une équipe de recherche de l’Inserm, du CHU de Lille et de l’Université de Lille, au sein du laboratoire Lille Neuroscience et Cognition, a découvert en 2020 chez la souris un mécanisme associé au pic de croissance prépubère et au déclenchement d’une puberté précoce. Ce mécanisme est régulé par les neurones à GnRH, les chefs d’orchestre de la fertilité, via l’expression de leur protéine Nrp1. Ces travaux, publiés dans The EMBO Journal, remettent en question les connaissances sur les déclencheurs de la puberté et ouvrent la voie à l’étude de ce mécanisme chez l’humain et à son implication possible dans certains cas de puberté précoce.
A fluorescent microscopic image of neural precursors generated from human embryonic stem cells. The neural cell bodies are visible in red and the nuclei in blue.
This photo was taken in the lab of Xianmin Zeng at the Buck Institute for Age Research.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
Transferrin receptor (TfR) is labelled red in the somatodendritic domain of hippocampal neurons. The axon initial segment (AIS) is green and F-actin protein is blue. Credit: G.G. FarÃas and J.S. Bonifacino, NICHD
In a study conducted by NIDA intramural scientists, details of the role of glutamate, the brain’s excitatory chemical, in a drug reward pathway were identified for the first time. (Pictured –partial view of labelled neurons in reward circuitry that starts in dorsal raphe; ventral tegmental area)
Credit: National Institute of Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
Scientists can delay death as it spreads through cells from head to tail in the nematode worm. False memories have been planted into the minds of mice using flashes of light to trigger neurons. Stem cells integrated into the retinas of blind mice can form new photoreceptor cells. A new cancer drug, PAC-1, has treated pet dogs with cancer before starting clinical trials in humans. A biodegradable silk implant stops epilepsy progressing in rats. The Mouse Genetics Project has discovered new roles for over 900 genes related to human diseases.
Larval zebrafish are optically clear, allowing researchers to observe the nervous system as it develops and monitor the activity of neurons during behavior. In this image, 6 day-old zebrafish swim near the water's surface.
Credit: J. Swan and K. Tabor, Burgess Laboratory, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
The stainless steel sculpture "Neuron" by Roxy Paine. Outside the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney for the 17th Biennale.
Stroking the leg, and watching the electrical spikes in the nervous system.
As I rubbed the pinned cockroach leg hairs, the neuron spikes were visible on the iPad. They have a simple single neuron per hair system to jack into.
We then ran it backward, and got the leg to dance to a hip hop tun. I wanted to teach it jiu-jitsu. =)
A neuron from the AIs of the future?
This has NOT been photoshopped.
Was created using long exposure and various LED lights.
More information: directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/07/14/snapshots-of-life-making...
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
Credit: Ken Chan and Viviana Gradinaru Group, Caltech
NIH funding from: Common Fund; National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of General Medical Sciences
A fluorescent microscopic image of neural precursors generated from human embryonic stem cells. The neural cell bodies are visible in red and the nuclei in blue.
This photo was taken in the lab of Xianmin Zeng at the Buck Institute for Age Research.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
During last year's Biennale, Roxy Paine's work, called Neuron, was given a deservably prominent position on the forecourt of the Museum of Contemporary Art
long section: nerve bundle
osmium tetroxide stain
magnification: 200x
Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com
Human embryonic stem cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons after being exposed to a mix of synthetic compounds. Red indicates the protein beta-tubulin III, which is found in the dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Blue indicates nuclei. This work could lead to more efficient ways of generating dopaminergic neurons to study the origins and possible treatments for Parkinson's disease.
This photo was taken by Andrei Kochegarov in the lab of Michael Pirrung at the University of California, Riverside.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov