View allAll Photos Tagged naming
"Holy Name of Mary Proto-Cathedral, also known as St. Mary Proto-Cathedral, is a historic Roman Catholic parish church in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States that was formerly a cathedral church and the first Cathedral, hence "Proto-Cathedral", of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette. It is the oldest parish and oldest cathedral parish in Michigan, and the third oldest parish in the United States (after those in St. Augustine, Florida and Santa Fe, New Mexico). While the present church edifice, the fifth for the Parish, dates from 1881, the Parish began in 1668 as a Jesuit mission. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and designated a State of Michigan historic site in 1989. The Proto-Cathedral was the (first) Cathedral of the Diocese of Marquette when it was denominated the "Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie", which diocesan title is presently that of a titular episcopal see.
Sault Ste. Marie (/ˌsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ SOO-seint-ma-REE) is the only city in, and county seat of, Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. With a population of 14,144 at the 2010 census, it is the second-most populated city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette. It is the central city of the Sault Ste. Marie, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Chippewa County and had a population of 38,520 at the 2010 census.
Sault Ste. Marie was settled as early as 1668, which makes it Michigan's oldest city and among the oldest cities in the United States. Located at the northeastern edge of the Upper Peninsula, it is separated by the St. Marys River from the much-larger city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The two are connected by the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge, which represents the northern terminus of Interstate 75. This portion of the river also contains the Soo Locks, as well as a swinging railroad bridge. The city is also home to Lake Superior State University.
For centuries Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native Americans had lived in the area, which they referred to as Baawitigong ("at the cascading rapids"), after the rapids of St. Marys River. French colonists renamed the region Saulteaux ("rapids" in French).
In 1668, French missionaries Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette founded a Jesuit mission at this site. Sault Ste. Marie developed as the fourth-oldest European city in the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains, and the oldest permanent settlement in contemporary Michigan state. On June 4, 1671, Simon-François Daumont de Saint-Lusson, a colonial agent, was dispatched from Quebec to the distant tribes, proposing a congress of Indian nations at the Falls of St. Mary between Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Trader Nicolas Perrot helped attract the principal chiefs, and representatives of 14 Indigenous nations were invited for the elaborate ceremony. The French officials proclaimed France's appropriation of the immense territory surrounding Lake Superior in the name of King Louis XIV.
In the 18th century, the settlement became an important center of the fur trade, when it was a post for the British-owned North West Company, based in Montreal. The fur trader John Johnston, a Scots-Irish immigrant from Belfast, was considered the first European settler in 1790. He married a high-ranking Ojibwe woman named Ozhaguscodaywayquay, the daughter of a prominent chief, Waubojeeg. She also became known as Susan Johnston. Their marriage was one of many alliances in the northern areas between high-ranking European traders and Ojibwe. The family was prominent among Native Americans, First Nations, and Europeans from both Canada and the United States. They had eight children who learned fluent Ojibwe, English and French. The Johnstons entertained a variety of trappers, explorers, traders, and government officials, especially during the years before the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States.
For more than 140 years, the settlement was a single community under French colonial, and later, British colonial rule. After the War of 1812, a US–UK Joint Boundary Commission finally fixed the border in 1817 between the Michigan Territory of the US and the British Province of Upper Canada to follow the river in this area. Whereas traders had formerly moved freely through the whole area, the United States forbade Canadian traders from operating in the United States, which reduced their trade and disrupted the area's economy. The American and Canadian communities of Sault Ste. Marie were each incorporated as independent municipalities toward the end of the 19th century.
As a result of the fur trade, the settlement attracted Ojibwe and Ottawa, Métis, and ethnic Europeans of various nationalities. It was a two-tiered society, with fur traders (who had capital) and their families and upper-class Ojibwe in the upper echelon. In the aftermath of the War of 1812, however, the community's society changed markedly.
The U.S. built Fort Brady near the settlement, introducing new troops and settlers, mostly Anglo-American. The UK and the US settled on a new northern boundary in 1817, dividing the US and Canada along St. Mary's River. The US prohibited British fur traders from operating in the United States. After completion of the Erie Canal in New York State in 1825 (expanded in 1832), the number of settlers migrating to Ohio and Michigan increased dramatically from New York and New England, bringing with them the Yankee culture of the Northern Tier. Their numbers overwhelmed the cosmopolitan culture of the earlier settlers. They practiced more discrimination against Native Americans and Métis.
The falls proved a choke point for shipping between the Great Lakes. Early ships traveling to and from Lake Superior were portaged around the rapids[8] in a lengthy process (much like moving a house) that could take weeks. Later, only the cargoes were unloaded, hauled around the rapids, and then loaded onto other ships waiting below the rapids. The first American lock, the State Lock, was built in 1855; it was instrumental in improving shipping. The lock has been expanded and improved over the years.
In 1900, Northwestern Leather Company opened a tannery in Sault Ste. Marie. The tannery was founded to process leather for the upper parts of shoes, which was finer than that for soles. After the factory closed in 1958, the property was sold to Filborn Limestone, a subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corporation.
In March 1938 during the Great Depression, Sophia Nolte Pullar bequeathed $70,000 for construction of the Pullar Community Building, which opened in 1939. This building held an indoor ice rink composed of artificial ice, then a revolutionary concept. The ice rink is still owned by the city." - info from Wikipedia.
Now on Instagram.
Roll of Honour, designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. Unveiled 5th November 1927 by the Mayor of Preston. Consists of panels of Hopton Wood Marble on which are incised the Regiments and Names. The Regiments are gilded, the names painted. The panels are set in the angles of the two main staircases, and face the main doors. There is also a small additional framed roll of honour underneath the main panels, of those names missing from the panels. THE ROYAL NAVY: Arkwright, James. Stretcher Bearer; Ashton, Fredk. 2nd Hand; Banks, Robert. Seaman; Birch, John. Cook; Bramley, James. Engr; Corner, John. Eng; Dawes, Albert. Gnr; Fincham,Thomas. Stoker; Gahagan, James. Stoker; Higgins,John. Gnr; Hill, Fredk. AB; Hood, Walter. AB; Iddon, Fredk.C. Stoker; Ireland, William. AB; Johnson, William. AB; Landrum, Andrew. Gnr; Livesey, Joseph T. Pte; Lucas, John. Pte; Mather, William B. Stoker; McClarnan, Joseph. Pte; Mossop, John E.; Morland, Arthur. Ldg. Seaman; Morris, George. Pte; Parker, John. AB; Philipson,Edmund. Stoker; Proctor, Amos A. Stoker; Pye, Thomas. Stoker; Sanderson, Robert. ERA; Smellie, William. Pte; Solly, Alfred. Sub-Lieut; Stanton, Thomas. Stoker; Sumner, Edward. Pte; Tate, Thomas. Staff Sgt; Torrence, Samuel. Ldg. Seaman; Wareing, Henry. Stoker; White, George. AB; White, William. Stoker; Wilcock, Francis. Petty Officer; Worden, Arthur W. ERA; Young, James F. Signlr. ARGYLL AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS. (PRINCESS LOUISE'S): Hart, George. Pte. ARMY CYCLIST CORPS: Rowles, Albert. CSM; Wilson, Joseph. Pte. AUSTRALIAN FORCES: Ainsworth, Robert A. Pte; Beckett, Albert. Pte; Breakell, Stanley. Pte; Duckworth,A. Sgnlr; Eaton, Ernest G. Sgnlr; Halewood, Harold. Pte; Hall, John. Pte; Hind, Walter. Pte; Horam, James. Cpl; Ingram, Norman C. Pte; Kirkpatrick, Percy. Pte; Latham, Walter M. Pte; Morrow, Albert. Pte; Noblett, Fred. Pte; Parker, Anthony. Sgt; Rose, Francis. Pte; Smith, Richard. Pte; Snelham, Arthur. Pte; Vincent, George. Pte; THE BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT: Atherton, Arthur. Pte; Cottam, John. Pte. THE BLACK WATCH (ROYAL HIGHLANDERS): Blackledge, Walter. Pte; Cook, George, Pte; Cunningham, Thomas. Pte; Dearden, Joseph. Pte; Harrison, James. L/Cpl; McCann, John Wm. L/Cpl; Moulden, Ernest H. Pte; Rooke, Henry G. Pte; Shannon, James. Pte; Vickers, William. Pte; White, Alex. L/Cpl. THE BORDER REGIMENT: Atkinson, Almer W. L/Cpl; Atkinson, Richard E. L/Cpl; Bennett, Thomas. Pte; Bott, George G.R. Lieut.; Blackwell, Joseph. Pte; Bramley, Leonard. Pte; Brierley, Richard. Pte; Butler, John. Pte; Carlisle, Thomas. L/Cpl; Clough, George. Pte; Cottam, John. Pte; Cottam, Joseph. Pte; Coupe, John. Pte; Cross, Robert. Pte; De Veto, Francis. L/Cpl; Dewhurst, James. Pte; Dewhurst, Robert. Pte; Dixon, George. Pte; Duckett, George. Cpl; Evans, Thomas. Pte; Greenhalgh, James. Pte; Grime, Henry. Pte; Halliwell, James. Pte; Hammond, A.D. Pte; Hampson, Charles H. Pte; Hopkins, Robert. Pte; Kenny, William. Pte; King, Jack. Sgt; Moss, William. Pte; Norris, Richard. Pte; Raby, Robert. Sgt; Rigby, Charles A. Pte; Smith, James. Pte; Sullivan, T.A. Pte; Swales, Alex. Pte; Tipping, Francis. Pte; Webb, Horace A. Pte; Wetherall, Henry. Pte; Whalley, James. Pte; Wilding, Alfred. Pte; Wilson, Francis. L/Cpl. THE CAMERONIANS: Parkinson, William H. Pte; Smith, James. L/Sgt. CANADIAN FORCES: Baldwin, Henry. Gnr; Banks, William. Cpl; Brogden, Fred. Cpl; Cornall, John. Pte; Darlington, Joseph. Pte; Duckett, F.J. Pte; Fisher, Albert. Pte; Garlick, Henry. Sgt; Heald, Walter. Pte; Hodson, Emmanuel. Pte; Hoyle, George R. Pte; King, Arthur. Sgt; McNeiry, David. Pte; Parkinson, Christopher. Bdr; Pilkington, Alfred. Pte; Porter, John. Pte; Sandham, Robert. Pte; Seed, Walter. Pte; Slater, Abram R. Pte; Taylor, Edward J. Pte; Twist, John. Sgt; Wilkinson, Jack. Cpl. THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT: Arkwright, John. Pte; Barnes, Samuel. Pte; Cleminson, James. Pte; Coulthurst, Walter L. Pte; Culshaw, John. Pte; Daggers, Joseph. Pte; Dickinson, Joseph R. Pte; Gallagher, John. L/Cpl; Gore, James. Sgt Hardwick, Thomas. Pte; Harrison, Walter. Pte; Heaps, Richard. Pte; Henderson, Thomas. Pte; Hogg, John. L/Cpl; Joyce, Joseph. Pte; Kelly, John. Pte; Kenyon, Thomas. Sgnlr; Lackabane, Henry Junr. Pte; Lewis, James. Pte; Mayman, Percy. Pte; Mitchell, Charles. Pte; Moon, Henry. Pte; Norris, Thomas. Pte; Phillipson, Richard. Sgt; Shepherd, James W. Pte; Sibbert, Fred. Pte; Steele, William. Pte; Suddell, George A. Pte; Swales, Richard. Pte; Woods, Joseph. Pte; Worden, Henry. L/Cpl; Worden, John. Pte. COLDSTREAM GUARDS: Metcalf, James. Pte; Newsham, Fredk. Pte. THE DEVONSHIRE REGIMENT: Clarkson, Charles G. L/Cpl; Griffiths, Bernard. Pte. THE DUKE OF CORNWALL'S LIGHT INFANTRY: Clitheroe, Jack. Pte. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S (WEST RIDING) REGIMENT: Atkinson, Herbert W. Sgt; Bell, Henry. Pte; Robinson, John. Pte; Taylor, Geoffrey. Pte; Tullis, Alex. Pte; Whittaker, Thomas. Pte. DURHAM LIGHT INFANTRY: Bateson, Thomas. Pte; Calvert, William. Cpl; Duckett, V.G. 2/Lt; Miller, Harry. L/Cpl; Moorhouse, Henry. Pte. Sandall, David. Pte. THE EAST LANCASHIRE REGIMENT: Allsup, William. Pte; Alston, George. Pte; Anyon, James. Pte; Atkinson, Hugh. Pte; Billing, John. L/Cpl; Bishop, James. Pte; Bottomley, Leslie V. Pte; Bradley, Peter. Pte; Bramley, Ralph. Pte; Butler, John. Pte; Casson, William. Pte; Clitheroe, Thomas. L/Cpl; Collum, Thomas. Pte; Cooper, Edward S. Pte; corless, Timothy. Pte; Craig, Joseph. Cpl; Crossley, Frank. Pte; Deleaney, Thomas. Lieut; Dickinson, George A. Pte; Doran, Thomas. Pte; Drake, James. Sgt; Eccles, Henry. Cpl; Ellis, George. Pte; Fairey, Alfred. Pte; Farnworth, Edward. Pte; Farrell, Martin. Pte; Fitzgerald, Edward. Pte; Fletcher, James. Pte; Foster, James. Pte; Galbraith, James. Sgt; Gill, Richard. Pte; Gillice, Patrick. Pte; Greenwood, William. Pte; Halliwell, John H. Sgt; Harrison, Henry. Pte; Haslam, William. Sgt; Hayes, John. Pte; Hatton, William. Pte; Helm, Fredk. Sgt; Higham, Edward. Pte; Holliday, Robert. CSM; Hornby, William. Pte; Hudson, Arthur. Sgt; Huyton, Edward. Pte; Ingham, Robert. Pte; Jenkinson, Arthur. Pte; Kellett, Peter. L/Sgt; Knowles, David. Pte; Lovick, John. Pte; Lowe, Thomas. Pte; McCartny, Andrew. Pte; McGann, Maurice P. Pte; McGrath, William. Sgt. DMR; McMillan, Archibald. Sgt; Mayor, Robt. Pte; Murphy, John. Pte; Naylor, Herbert W.E. Lt/QM; Newton, Samuel, Sgt; O'Hara, John. CSM; Page, Ernest V. Sgt; Parker, James. Pte; Pierce, James. Pte; Pilkington, William A. Pte; Pomfret, Christopher. 2nd Lt; Porter, Christopher. Pte; Ramshead, Robert. Pte; Richardson, Fredk. H. Pte; Rigby, Henry. Pte; Rogerson, Harry. Pte; Ryan, Thomas. Cpl; Saxon, John. Pte; Scholes, William. Pte; Seddon, James. Pte; Sedgwick, Robert. Pte; Shaw, James. Pte; Slater, John H. Sgt; Slater, Joseph. L/Cpl; Smith, Gilbert.; Snape, Fredk. Pte; Stephenson, John. Pte; Townley, Samuel R. Pte; Turner, Christopher. Pte; Turner, R. Cpl; Vanden, Henry.; Walsh, Robert. Pte; Walton, Thomas. Pte; Ward, James W. CSM; Wareing, George. Pte; Watson, James. Pte; Wilcock, Robert. Pte; Woodacre, Frederick. Pte; Woodhouse, William. Pte; Woodruff, Thomas. Pte; Young (V.C.) William. Pte. THE EAST SURREY REGIMENT: Couperthwaite, John. Pte; Helm, James. Pte; Holderness, Edward. Pte. THE EAST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT: Carlisle, Thomas. Pte; Foulkes, Lewis. L/Cpl; Grime, Frank H. Pte; Hewitt, William H. Pte. THE ESSEX REGIMENT: Parker, Leonard. Capt. THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE REGIMENT: Dickinson, Albert A. Pte; Dunn, John. Pte; Lamb, William. Pte. THE GORDON HIGHLANDERS: Billsborough, Charles R. Pte; Bird, John. Sgt; Pomfret, Frank. L/Cpl; Settle, Sydney. Pte. THE GREEN HOWARDS (ALEXANDRA PRINCESS OF WALES OWN YORKSHIRE REGIMENT): Baines, James. Pte; Dagger, James. Pte; Hansford, James A. Pte; Rogerson, Richard. Cpl; Walker, John. Pte. GRENADIER GUARDS: Birtwistle, Alfred. Pte; Grundy, William. Pte; Hughes, James T. Pte; McGann, Francis. Pte; Naylor, John. Pte; Simmonds, Albert. Pte. THE HAMPSHIRE REGIMENT: Dixon, Edmund T. Pte. HEREFORDSHIRE REGIMENT: Turberfield, William. Pte. THE HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY: Kilroe, Francis J. 2nd Lt; Livesey, Harold E. L/Cpl; Reid, Donald. Lieut; Wilkinson, John. Pte. HUSSARS: Barrett, Fredk. SQ.S.M.; Chew, James. Pte; Leech, Joseph. Pte; Wadeson, William H. Pte; Woods, Joseph M. L/Cpl. INDIAN ARMY: Baines, Hubert. Act. Capt. THE INNISKILLINGS (6th DRAGOONS): Singleton, John. Bandsman. IRISH GUARDS: McGuiness, William. Pte; Spiby, Thomas. Pte. THE KING'S OWN ROYAL REGIMENT (LANCASTER): Aingle, Henry. Pte; Anderton, Fredk. Pte; Archer, Walter. Pte; Arkwright, John. Pte; Ashcroft, George. Pte; Ashworth, James. Pte; Beardsworth, Thomas. Sgt; Bingham, Benjamin. Pte; Brierley, Harold. Pte; Bromilow, Frank.; Brown, Francis. Pte; Buck, William. Pte; Caton, G. Pte; Carr, Albert. Pte; Clarkson, Robert E. L/Cpl; Conroy, Richard. Cpl; Covell, Samuel H. CSM; Crerar, Robert. Pte; Crewe, Wm.Leo. Pte; Crook, Edward. L/Cpl; Curwen, Richard. Pte; Cusack, Louis. Pte; Davison, Albert. Pte; Dawson, Herbert. Pte; Deves, John. Pte; Dickinson, Harold. Sgt; Donovan, Robert. Pte; Entwistle, James. Pte; Eriksen, William K. Pte; Fawcett, Anthony. Pte; Fenton, Robert E. Cpl; Ferguson, Joseph H. Pte; Flannaghan, Francis. Pte; Fryer, Henry. Pte; Goodey, William. Pte; Green, Joseph L. Pte; Gregg, Benjamin. Pte; Gregg, Charles E. 2nd Lt; Hampson, Fredk. Pte; Hanslope, John. L/Cpl; Harris, John. Pte; Hartley, George. L/Cpl; Hayes, Roger. Pte; Haythornthwaite, Ernest. Pte; Hilton, Joseph. Pte; Hodson, Thomas. Pte; Hoole, Joseph; Pte; Howcroft, Proctor. L/Cpl; Kemp, Robert. Pte; King, John T. Pte; Livesey, John. Cpl; Loftus, Alfred. L/Cpl; Lomax, E. Pte; Lowe, William. Pte; Lynch, James C. L/Cpl; Marsden, Richard. Pte; Marshall, Frank. Pte; Mather, Albert E. Pte; McGill, Henry. Pte; McKeowen, George. Pte; Melling, Robert; Metcalf, Lester. 2nd Lt; Mitchell, Alfred. Pte; M'Laren, Robert. Pte; Monks, Richard. Pte; Newton, John. Cpl; Nightingale, John. Pte; Parkinson, James. Pte; Pearson, Fredk. W. Pte; Pearson, Timothy. Pte; Perry, Walter J. Pte; Pilkington, Alfred. L/Cpl; Sharp, Thomas. Pte; Simpson, Charles V.M. Capt; Singleton, Albert. Cpl; Smith, Bernard. Pte; Stewart, Edward. Pte; Strickland, John. Pte; Thompson, James. Pte; Thompson, William F. Pte; Thornley, Thomas. Pte; Vose, Frank. Act. Cpl; Walker, James. Pte; Walker, Joseph, Pte; Walpole, Francis. Pte; Walsh, John. Pte; Ward, Thomas. Pte; Wells, William. Pte; Yates, Robert A. Pte. THE KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS: Bessell, Alfred. Pte; Bessell, Charles. Pte; Garth, John. Pte; Hull, James. Pte; Ormerod, Alfred J. Pte; Perry, John. Pte; Rayner, Henry. Pte; Ward, Robert. CSM. THE KING'S OWN YORKSHIRE LIGHT INFANTRY: Houston, Thomas. Pte; Pugh, David W. 2nd Lt; Stocks, Edwin. Pte. THE KING'S LIVERPOOL REGIMENT: Adams, Robert. Pte; Addison, Robert.; Ashton, Ernest W. Pte; Aspinall, Richard. Cpl; Beesley, Frederick.; Bentley, William R. Pte; Bowker, James. Pte; Burrows, Thomas. Pte; Carroll, Frederick. Pte; Chaloner, Wilfrid. Pte; Charnock, John. Pte; Clarkson, George R. Pte; Clayton, Thomas. L/Cpl; Coates, George. Pte; Cromwell, John. L/Cpl; Cosgrove, Thomas. Pte; Couperthwaite, William. Pte; Cowley, Harold. Pte; Crangle, James. Pte; Cross, William W. Pte; Dagger, Richard. Pte; Davies, George. Pte; Davis, Robert. Pte; Dawes, George. Pte; Dixon, Robert M. Pte; Fahey, Patrick. Cpl; Fazackerley, Henry. L/Cpl; Finn, Walter. Pte; Finney, James. Pte; Fryers, Joseph R. L/Cpl; Garlick, John. Pte; Green, John F. L/Cpl; Grice, Robert. Cpl; Haggar, Thomas. Pte; Harrison, John. Pte; Harrison, William. Pte; Haugh, Eric. Pte; Heal, Henry W. Pte; Heaton, David. Cpl; Hesmonhalgh, Richard. Pte; Hindle, James. L/Cpl; Hogarth, Edward. Pte; Horam, Alfred. Pte; Hough, George. L/Cpl; Hull, George T. Sgt; Jackson, Joseph. Pte; Jenson, Wilfrid G. Pte; Johnson, T. Pte; Kay, Albert. Pte; Kirkham, Albert. Pte; Lawrenson, George. Pte; Leyland, William. L/Cpl; Livesey, Henry. Pte; McCullough, John J. Pte; McGahey, Robert. Pte; Maher, T.; Manley, John W. DRMR; Molyneux, John. Capt; Metcalf, William. Pte; Nolan, James. Pte; Parker, William H. Pte; Peacock, George. Pte; Pearson, Thomas S. Pte; Prince, Joseph L. Pte; Rawlinson, Harold. Pte; Rhodes, Roger. L/Cpl; Rigby, Norman O. Pte; Rogerson, Ambrose. Sgt; Sandmann, Robert. Rifleman; Saul. Thomas P. Pte; Sharples, G.W. Lieut.; Shaw, Joseph. Pte; Smith, Philip T. Sgnlr; Sudell, Richard. Pte; Swift, Robert. Pte; Taylor, Richard. Pte; Thomason, S. Pte; Thompson, William. Sgt; Todd, Harry. L/Cpl; Towers, Peter. Pte; Twisaday, John. Sgt; Waters, Thomas A. Pte; Wignall, Matthew. Pte; Wilcock, Charles. Pte; Wilkinson, Arthur. Pte; Williamson, John. Pte; Wilson, Robert H. Pte; Woodhead, Richard. Sgnlr; Woods, Thomas H. Pte; Worton, George E. Pte. THE KING'S ROYAL RIFLE CORPS: Alcock, Henry. Rifleman; Barrett, Albert. Act. Cpl; Bentham, Thomas. Pte; Billington, John. Rifleman; Cookson, Malcolm. Rifleman; Cuerden, Richard. Rifleman; Gilbert, Stephen S. Sgt; Harrison, William. Pte; Hartley, William. Rifleman; Higginson, Robert. Pte; Hull, John. Cpl; Nickson, James. Pte; Rhodes, Thomas. Rifleman; Richardson, John. Cpl; Roan, Robert. Rifleman; Slinger, Arthur. Pte; Warburton, Robert. Rifleman; Watson, Robert. Rifleman; Woodburn, Ernest. Cpl; Woods, Robert. Pte. THE KING'S SHROPSHIRE LIGHT INFANTRY: Atkinson, Richard. Pte; Baines, William. Pte; Lovelace, Hubert S. Pte; Owens, Albert V. Pte; Wignall, Matthew. Pte. THE LANCASHIRE FUSILIERS: Archer, John. Pte; Clark, George. Pte; Banks, James. Pte; Bashall, Francis. Pte; Beesley, Thomas. Pte; Benson, Jonathan. Pte; Billington, John. L/Cpl; Boast, William. Pte; Bodell, Alfred. Pte; Bond, Robert. Pte; Bramwell, Norman. 2nd Lt; Browett, Joseph. Pte; Brown, Arthur. Pte; Bruford, William. Pte; Carter, John. Pte; Churchman, Charles E. Pte; Cookson, John. Pte; Cornwell, John. Pte; Crook, James. Pte; Crook, William. Pte; Cunliffe, John. Pte; Dean, Richard. Pte; Dickinson, John. Pte; Dyer, Joseph. Pte; Eilingsfield, Joseph. Pte; Ellinson, Thomas. Pte; Flynn, Stephen. Pte; Garstang, James. Pte; Gill, Thomas. Pte; Green, Herbert. L/Sgt; Green, William. Pte; Hacking, William. Pte; Hall, Charles. Pte; Harrison, James. L/Cpl; Haythornthwaite, Ernest. Pte; Hind, Clifford. Pte; Hind, Thomas. Pte; Hind, Ernest. Pte; Hunter, Thomas. Pte; Jackson, Richard. Pte; Mansley, Thomas. Pte; Marsden, Robert. Cpl; Marsh, Edward. Pte; Mogerley, Frederick C. Pte; Mulligan, John. Pte; Nicholson, Charles. Pte; Nightingale, John. Sgt; Ogden, John. Cpl; Orme, John W. Pte; Park, Peter. Pte; Parker, George W. 2nd/ Lt; Parker, John. Pte; Proctor, George. Pte; Quigley, Joseph. L/Cpl; Richmond, Charles. Pte; Roberts, Frank. Pte; Robinson, James N. 2nd/Lt; Robinson, Thomas. L/Cpl; Seed, Christopher. L/Cpl; Seed, John. Sgt; Sharp, John. Pte; Sharp, Thomas. Pte; Swarbrick, William A. Capt; Taylor, John. Pte; Taylor, Robert. Pte; Towers, Thomas. L/Cpl; Vandome, Arthur. Sgnlr; Walmsley, George. Pte; Ward, Fredk. Pte; Wareing, Daniel. Pte; Whittam, Robert. Sgt; Winder, Edward B. Cpl; Wilson, Ivan F. Pte; Wilson, W.H. Pte; Wright, William. LANCERS: Jenkinson, John D. Trooper; Lee, John B. Pte. THE LEICESTERSHIRE REGIMENT: Park, Thomas W. Cpl. THE LINCOLNSHIRE REGIMENT: Berry, Charles H. Pte; Clarke, James. Pte. THE LONDON REGIMENT: Burton, William E.B. Cadet; Calder, Ernest G. Pte; Chapman, John. Pte; Dent, Robert. Pte; Hewitt, James. Pte; Reeder, Edmund. Rifleman; Tyrer, George H. Pte. THE LOYAL (NORTH LANCASHIRE) REGIMENT: Adams, John J. Pte; Addison, Richard. L/Cpl; Ainsworth, Richard. Pte; Ainsworth, Sidney. L/Cpl; Airey, Cyril W. Pte; Airey, Henry. Pte; Allen, H. Sgt; Allen, John A. Pte; Allen, W. Pte; Almond, Hugh. Pte; Alston, Fredk. Pte; Alty, Richard. Pte; Archer, John. Pte; Arkwright, Fredk. Pte; Armstrong, William. Pte; Ashcroft, John. Pte; Ashton, Henry. Pte; Ashworth, John. Pte; Askew, Albert. Cpl; Aspden, George. Pte; Aspden, John. Pte; Aspinall, Henry. Pte; Aspinall, Robert. Pte; Atherton, F.C.; Atherton, William. Pte; Atkinson, Frank. Pte; Atkinson, Stanley. Sgnlr; Atkinson, Thomas. Pte; Attwell, Bertram. Pte; Austin, Henry A. Pte; Bagot, William. Sgt; Bailey, Robert. Pte; Baines, Abraham. Pte; Baines, Albert. Pte; Baines, Lawrence. Pte; Baird, Norman. Pte; Baker, Fred. W.S. Capt; Baldwin, John J. Pte; Ball, John H. Lieut; Ball, Robert E. Pte; Balshaw, Henry. Pte; Bamber, Albert J. Pte; Bamber, John. Pte; Bamber, Richard. Pte; Bamford, Henry. Pte; Bamford, James. Pte; Banister, Maurice J. Lieut; Barnett, H.L. Pte; Barnish, Walter W. Pte; Barron, John. Pte; Barton, Joseph. Pte; Battersby, William. L/Cpl; Baxendale, George; Bayman, Albert. Pte; Beaver, David. Pte; Becconsall, Albert. Pte; Beckett, Richard. Pte; Bee, Fredk. G. Cpl; Beech, William. Pte; Beetham, William. Pte; Benjamin, Joseph E. Pte; Bennett, Robert E. Pte; Bennett, Thomas. Pte; Bentham, Walter. Pte; Best, Arthur. Sgt; Bibby, Robert H. Pte; Billington, Alfred. Pte; Billington, Charles. Machine Gnr; Billington, Joseph. Pte; Billington, Robert. Pte; Billington, Thomas. L/Cpl; Billington, William. Pte; Billsborough, Walter. Pte; Bilsborough, Albert. Pte; Bilsborough, Richard. Pte; Bingham, Harry E. Pte; Blackwell, William. Sgt; Blundell, Matthew. L/Cpl; Boast, William R. Pte; Bolan, James. Pte; Bond, Anthony; Bond, John. Pte; Boote, James P. Pte; Boswell, Tobias. Pte; Bowes, John R. Pte; Boyle, William. 2nd Lt; Bradley, John. Pte; Braithwaite, Francis J. Pte; Bramley, James D. Pte; Breakell, John. Pte; Brewer, John. L/Cpl; Brierley, Henry. Pte; Brierley, William H. Pte; Briggs, James. Pte; Briggs, Thomas. Pte; Brindle, George. Pte; Broad, William. L/Cpl; Brockbank, Richard. L/Cpl; Brockbank, Robert. Pte; Brotherton, A. Sgt; Brown, David; Brown, George. Pte; Brown, Richard. Pte; Buck, Robert. Sgt; Buckles, John. Pte; Buckley, Charles. L/Cpl; Bulcock, Fred. Pte; Bullock, George W. L/Cpl; Burnet, Maxwell R.; Burns, Thomas. Pte; Burrell, William H. L/Cpl; Burrows, James. Pte; Burton, Alban. Cpl; Bury, Richard. Pte; Butler, Fredk. J.; Butler, Samuel. Pte; Butler, William E. Sgt; Butterworth, James. Pte; Callon, William. Pte; Carter, George F. Pte; Carter, Thomas. Pte; Carter, William. Pte; Cartwright, John. Pte; Catterall, Lawrence. Pte; Catterall, Percy. L/Cpl; Chapman, Charles. Pte; Chapman, Harold. L/Cpl; Chapman, John C. Pte; Chapples, George. Pte; Charnley, Charles. Pte; Charnock, John. Pte; Clarke, James. Cpl; Clarke, John. Pte; Clarkson, Henry. Pte; Clarkson, Robert. Pioneer Sgt; Clegg, Richard. Pte; Clitheroe, Henry. Pte; Clough, James. L/Cpl; Collier, John. Cpl; Collins, Thomas. Pte; Conroy, John. Pte; Cookson, John. Pte; Corless, Harold. Pte; Corless, Harry. Pte; Costello, Hugh. Pte; Best, Frank Robson. Lieut; Cottam, Albert. Pte; Cottam, Samuel. Pte; Coulson, Walter. Pte; Coupe, Richard. L/Cpl; Cowell, John. Pte; Cowell, Richard. Pte; Cowell, William. Pte; Crabtree, James. Pte; Crane, James. Cpl; Craven, Joseph. Pte; Cronnell, James E. Pte; Crook, J.T.P. Pte; Cross, Elijah W. Pte; Cross, H. Pte; Cross, Thomas. Pte; Cross, Thomas. Pte; Crossley, Joseph; Crossley, William E. Cpl; Cullip, Alfred. Sgt; Cunliffe, B. Pte; Cunliffe, William. Pte; Darlington, Edward. Pte; Davidson, John. Pte; Davies, Thomas. Pte; Davies, Walter A. 2nd Lt; Davis, James. Pte; Denoir, John. Pte; Dent, Herbert. Pte; Desmond, Arnold P. Pte; Desmond, Harold R. Cpl; De Veto, Anthony. Pte; Devey, Fred. Sgt; Dewhurst, Henry. Pte; Dewhurst, Herbert L. Pte; Dewhurst, William. L/Cpl; Dickson, William H. 2nd Lt; Disley, James. Pte; Ditchfield, Frank. Pte; Dixon, William. Pte; Dodgson, John. Pte; Downing, John. Pte; Duckworth, Albert. L/Cpl; Duckworth, William. Pte; Duddle, James. Pte; Duffy, James. Pte; Dugdale, George. Pte; Dunderdale, Ernest. Pte; Dunderdale, Matthias. Pte; Dunderdale, Richard. Pte; Durham, George. DMR; Durham, William. Pte; Eastham, William. Pte; Eaves, Frank. Pte; Eccles, James. Pte; Eccles, James. Pte; Edgar, Kenneth V. Cpl; Egan, Joseph. Pte; Ekins, Henry. Pte; Elliott, R. Pte; Ellithorn, William. Pte; English, Francis. Pte; Etherington, Henry B. Pte; Evans, Robert. Sgt; Fairclough, Joseph. Gunr; Fairclough, Samuel. Pte; Fairclough, William. Pte; Fairclough, William H.; Farley, Walter. Pte; Farnworth, Charles. Pte; Farnworth, Samuel. Pte; Farrell, Thomas. Pte; Fawcett, James. Pte; Fawcett, Robert. Pte; Fazackerley, Harold. 2nd Lt; Fazackerley, James. Pte; Fazackerley, Richard. Pte; Fazackerley, Richard. Sgnlr; Fernyhough, Walter A. Sgt; Finley, James. Cpl; Fisher, Alfred. Pte; Fishwick, Thomas. Pte; Forry, James. Pte; Fox, John. Pte; Foxton, Harold.Pte; Flannaghan, Edward. Sgt; Flannery, Louis. Pte; Fleming, Ernest A. Pte; Fletcher, James. CQMS; Fletcher, John. L/Cpl; Flowers, Richard. Pte; Flynn, William. Pte; Francis, Walter. Pte; Fraser, Arthur. L/Cpl; Fraser, Thomas. Pte; Freebury, Allan. Pte; Fryer, Harry. Pte; Fryers, Thomas. Pte; Fuller, William. Sgnlr; Gallagher, Joseph. Pte; Garlick, Francis. Pte; Garstang, John. L/Cpl; Garstang, Richard. Pte; Garth, William. Pte; Gaunt, Edgar. Pte; Gibson, Henry W. Pte; Gilgun, John. Pte; Gill, James W. Pte; Gill, William. Pte; Gillett, Thomas. Pte; Gillibrand, John. Pte; Gladwin, Ernest. Cpl; Goodier, Fred. Pte; Goodier, John. Cpl; Gorst, Thomas H. Pte; Green, John. Pte; Greenhalgh, William. Pte; Gregory, Arthur. Cpl; Gregson, Albert. Pte; Harris, Arthur Lea. Capt.; Gregson, Henry. Pte; Gregson, William. Pte; Griffiths, William. Pte; Guest, James. Pte; Hackett, Thomas K. L/Cpl; Hackett, William. Pte; Hague, Albert E. 2nd Lt; Hall, Fred. Pte; Hall, Harry. Cpl; Hall, Herbert. Pte; Hall, Joseph. Pte; Hall, William. L/Cpl; Halliwell, Edward. Pte; Hamilton, Samuel. Pte; Hancox, William. L/Cpl; Hardicker, Matthew. Pte; Hardicker, William. Pte; Hardman, Jonathan. L/Cpl; Hardman, William. Pte; Harling, Fred. Pte; Harris, Arthur L. Capt; Harrison, Thomas. Pte; Harrison, William. Pte; Harrison, William. Pte; Harrison, William. Pte; Harrison, William E. Pte; Hartley, Albert. Cpl; Hartley, Bartholomew. Pte; Haslam, Robert M. Pte; Haworth, Philip T. Pte; Hayes, John. Pte; Hazelhurst, Thomas. Sgnlr; Heald, James H. Pte; Heaps, James. Pte; Heaps, Robert. Cpl; Heaton, William. Pte; Helm, Fred. Pte; Helm, Henry. Pte; Helme, John. Sgt; Helme, Richard. 2nd Lt; Henderson, William. Pte; Henery, Walter; Pte; Hesketh, George. Pte; Hesketh, Richard. Pte; Hesmondhalgh, Harry. Pte; Hewitt, Ernest D. Pte; Hewitt, Henry. Pte; Heyes, John. Pte; Heyes, Victor H. Pte; Hibbert, William. Pte; Higginson, Ernest. L/Cpl; Higham, Benjamin. Pte; Higham, Edward. L/Cpl; Higham, John Pte; Higham, Robert. Pte; Higham, William. Pte; Highfield, James. Pte; Hind, Joseph. L/Cpl; Hobson, John. Pte; Hodgkinson, John. Pte; Hogarth, Joseph. Pte; Hogg, James. Pte; Holden, Christopher. L/Cpl; Holden, William. Pte; Holdway, Charles. Pte; Holker, James. Pte; Holman, George D. Cpl; Holmes, Robert. Pte; Hooper, Thomas. Cpl; Horam, Charles. Pte; Horner, Albert E. Pte; Horsfield, Thomas. L/Sgt; Houlding, James C. Pte; Houseman, William. Pte; Howard, Joseph. Pte; Howarth, Henry. Pte; Howarth, John. Pte; Howarth, Richard. L/Cpl; Howcroft, Thomas. L/Cpl; Huck, John P. Pte; Hull, Frank H. Pte; Hunt, David. Pte; Hunter, William H. Pte; Huson, Nathan. Pte; Hutchinson, Clifford. Pte; Ianson, Richard. Pte; Iddon, George. Pte; Ingham, Henry B. Pte; Ingham, John. Pte; Inglis, William. DMR; Ingram, Joseph. Pte; Isherwood, Robert. Pte; Jackson, John. Pte; Jackson, Richard. L/Cpl; Jackson, Thomas. Pte; Jackson, Walter. Pte; Jemson, T. Cpl; Jenkinson, John. L/Cpl; Johnson, Percy. Pte; Johnson, R.W. Pte; Johnson, William. L/Cpl; Jones, A.E. Cpl; Jones, E. Pte; Jones, Eric. Pte; Kay, Charles W. Lieut; Kay, Elijah. Pte; Kay, William A. Pte; Kearsley, Joseph. Pte; Kearsley, William. Pte; Keevill, D. Pte; Kell, Thomas W. Pte; Kellett, John. Pte; Kellett, Robert. Pte; Kelsall, George. Pte; Kendall, Jesse. Pte; Kenworthy, John Pte; Kinsella, Thomas J. Pte; Knowles, Alfred. Pte; Knowles, Francis A. Cpl; Rourke, John. Pte; Knowles, James. L/Cpl; Knowles, Robert. Sgt; Lamb, Wilfrid. Pte; Lambert, Robert H. Pte; Lambert, Thomas. Pte; Lancaster, George.; Lang, John. Pte; Lang, Richard. Pte; Lang, William Pte; Lathom, Thomas M.W. Pte; Law, Arthur. Pte; Lawrenson, Albert. Cpl; Lawrenson, Walter. Cpl; Lawson, Robert. Pte; Leach, Albert E. Pte; Leak, Henry. Sgt; Lee, Gilbert. Pte; Leonard, Arthur. Pte; Leyland, Frederick W. Pte; Leyland, William. Cpl; Lilley, George B. Cpl; Lindley, Thomas. Pte; Lingard, Joseph. Pte; Little, John. Pte; Liver, Edward. L/Cpl; Lockwood, William. Pte; Loud, John. Pte; Lowndes, Thomas. Pte; Love, George T. Pte; Lyons, Francis. Pte; Magee, Patrick F. Cpl; Mannion, Michael. Pte; Marsden, John Pte; Marsden, Joseph. Pte; Marsh, John. Cpl; Marsh, John. L/Cpl; Martin, J.S. Cpl; Martin, Thomas. Pte; Martin, William. Pte; Martindale, Harry. Cpl; Martindale, Henry A. Pte; Martindale, Thomas. Pte; Masheter, Thomas. Pte; Masheter, Thomas. Pte; Mason, Rowland C. Lieut; Massey, Ephraim. Pte; Mayman, Frederick W. Pte; Maymon, Thomas H. Pte; Maynard, John. L/Cpl; McClarnon, Joseph. Pte; McCullough, Richard. Cpl; McCullough, Robert. Cpl; McDermott, James. L/Cpl; McDonough, A. Sgt; McFetridge, John E. Cpl; McGreevey, James. Pte; McGreevey, Richard. L/Cpl; McGuire, John. Cpl; McGuire, Thomas. Pte; McLaughlin, James. Pte; McLaughlin, John. Pte; McMahon, Charles E.V. 2nd Lt; McNeice, Henry. Pte; Mealand, Jesse F. Pte; Melia, Edward. Pte; Melling, Harry. Sgnlr; Mellor, Edward H. Pte; Mellor, John. Pte; Mellor, Joseph. Pte; Meyler, William E. Sgt; Miller, Francis J. Pte; Miller, Richard. Pte; Miller, Wilfrid. Pte; Mills, Henry. Pte; Moon, Wilfrid. Sgt; Moore, Keith H. Lieut; Morley, Richard. Pte; Morley, Stewart; Moss, James. Pte; Moss, Robert. Pte; Moss, William. Pte; Mounsey, John. Pte; Mullin. Alfred P. Pte; Murray, Fredk. J. Pte; Myerscough, Thomas. Pte; Nagle, Joseph. Pte; Naylor, Thomas. Sgt; Nelson, Alex. Pte; Nelson, Thomas. CSM; Nelson, Thomas. Pte; Nesbitt, Hugh. Pte; Newby, Henry. Pte; Nickson, Richard. Pte; Norcross, John. Pte; Nuttall, John. Sgt; Nuttall, William E. Pte; Nutter, Albert V. Pte; O'Brien, Arthur. Pte; O'Connor, John. Pte; Oddie, John W. Sgt; Oldham, Albert E. Pte; O'Neill, Thomas. Pte; Osbaldeston, Henry. Pte; Owen, Edward. L/Cpl; Pain, C.H. Pte; Paley, Albert. Pte; Park, JOseph. L/Cpl; Park, Philip W. Pte; Park, William B. Pte; Parkes, Richard. Pte; Parker, Geoffrey. Lieut; Parkinson, Charles E. Pte; Parkinson, Clifford. L/Sgt; Parkinson, Ernest. Pte; Parkinson, John. Pte; Parkinson, Joseph. Pte; Parkinson, Joseph. Pte; Parkinson, Septimus H. Pte; Parkinson, William. L/Cpl; Scott, Thomas. Pte; Parnacott, William C. Bandsman; Parr, Ernest. Pte; Payne, Edward. Sgt; Peak, John H. Capt; Pearson, James. Pte; Pearson, Thomas. Pte; Pendlebury, Thomas A. Pte; Parry, William. Pte; Pilkington, John W. Pte; Pitcher, Fredk. Sgt; Pitcher, William. Pte; Place, James. Pte; Plaskett, James. Cpl; Porter, Harry. Pte; Porter, James. Pte; Porter, Thomas H. Pte; Poulton, Vincent. Cpl; Preston, Thomas. L/Cpl; Priest, William. L/Cpl; Pye, Alfred. Pte; Pye, Fredk. Pte; Pye, Harry. Pte; Ramsden, Leo. Pte; Ranson, Harold. Pte; Rawsthorn, Aldred E. 2nd Lt; Rayner, Benjamin H. Capt; Raynor, John. Pte; Reeder, William. Pte; Reid, James. Lieut; Reid, John. L/Cpl; Reynolds, Sydney. Pte; Richardson, Henry. Pte; Richardson, William H. Pte; Rigby, Robert. L/Cpl; Riggs, Frank. Pte; Riggs, Robert F. Pte; Riley, Charles. Cpl; Robinson, Edward. Sgt; Robinson, Henry. Pte; Robinson, John. Pte; Robinson, Joseph. Pte; Robinson, Robert. Cpl; Robinson, Thomas. Pte; Robinson, William. L/Cpl; Rosbottom, William. Pte; Rowett, Charles. Pte; Ryan, Charles. L/Cpl; Sandalls, Charles. 2nd Lt; Sanderson, William. Pte; Saul, Thomas. Pte; Savage, Vincent. Cpl; Scott, Robert. Pte; Scott, Robert. Pte; Seddon, Henry. L/Cpl; Seddon, Thomas. Pte; Sedgwick, Thomas. Pte; Seed, John. Pte; Sellers, Gilbert E. Pte; Sergeant, John. Pte; Sharp, Joseph. Pte; Sharples, Clifford. Pte; Sharples, William H. Pte; Sharrock, Frederick. L/Cpl; Short, John W. Sgt; Shuttleworth, Francis. Pte; Silcock, Thomas. Pte; Silcock, William. Pte; Simon, Alphonsus. Pte; Simpson, Charles. Pte; Simpson, James. Pte; Simpson, John. Pte; Sinclair, Joseph. Cpl; Singleton, Henry. Pte; Skingsley, Wilfrid. Sgt; Slater, Fred. Pte; Slater, John. Pte; Smalley, Francis. Pte; Smalley, James. Pte; Smith, Ernest. Pte; Smith, Francis. Pte; Smith, John. Pte; Smith, John S. Pte; Smith, Joseph. Pte; Smith, Reginald H. Cpl; Smith, Richard. L/Cpl; Smith, Richard. Pte; Smith, Thomas. Pte; Smith, William. Pte; Smith, William H. Pte; Southworth, John. Pte; Southworth, Leonard. Pte; Southworth, William. Pte; Spencer, Richard. Pte; Standing, Benjamin. Pte; Standing, Thomas. Pte; Standing, Thomas A. Sgt; Starling, George T. L/Cpl; Stephen, William H. Pte; Stephenson, Laurence. Cpl; Stephenson, Vincent. Sgt; Stevens, William C. Sgt; Stirzacker, John. Pte; Story, Alfred. Pte; Stow Harold. L/Cpl; Strain, Hugh. Pte; Street, Richard. Pte; Strickland, Thomas A. Pte; Sumner, John C. Pte; Sumner, Thomas. Pte; Sutcliffe, William. Sgt; Sutton, Matthew. Pte; Sutton, Robert. Pte; Swarbrick, Joseph. L/Cpl; Swindlehurst, John. Pte; Tarrant, John T. Sgt; Taylor, Alfred. Driver; Taylor, Edward. Cpl; Taylor, William. Pte; Walker, Christopher. Pte; Thompson, Charles. Pte; Thompson, Henry. CQMS; Thompson, James R. Pte; Thornley, Alfred. Pte; Thorpe, Albert. Pte; Tierney, James. Pte; Tierney, Patrick. Pte; Tinsley, Thomas. L/Cpl; Tomlinson, Henry. Pte; Toulmin,Harold. Lieut; Travis, William. Cpl; Trollope, Joseph Pte; Tunney, Michael. Pte; Turner, Ephraim. CSM; Turner, Harry. Pte; Turner, Richard. Pte; Turner, Thomas. Pte; Ulyatt, Edward C. L/Cpl; Unsworth, John. Pte; Utting, W. Pte; Wade, Frank. Pte; Wade, James. Pte; Wainman, Elijah. Pte; Walker, Samuel. Pte; Walmsley, Fred. Pte; Walmsley, George. L/Cpl; Walmsley, John. L/Cpl; Walmsley, Thomas. Pte; Walton, James R. Cpl; Ward, Allan. Pte; Wardley, Joseph. Pte; Ware, Richard. Pte; Wareing, Edmund. Act.Cpl; Wareing, John. Cpl; Wareing, Thomas. CSM; Waterhouse, Charles. Pte; Watkinson, John. Pte; Watson, Charles. Pte; Watson, Fred. Sgt; Watson, John. Pte; Watson, John W. Sgt; Watson, Robert. Pte; Weaver, Andrew. Pte; West, John. Pte; Whalley James. Pte; Whalley, John. Pte; Whitehead, Charles. Pte; Whiteside, James. Pte; Whiteside, William. Pte; Whitman, Thomas. Bandsman; Whittaker, Fredk. Pte; Whittle Charles. L/Cpl; Whittle, Clive. Pte; Wiggins, David. Sgt; Wignall, Albert. Pte; Wignall, George. Pte; Wignall, Richard. Pte; Wignall, Robert. Pte; Wilcock, Frank N. L/Cpl; Wilcock, William. Pte; Wilcock, William H. Pte; Wilkinson, Richard. Pte; Wilkinson, Thomas. Pte; Willan, Albert E. L/Cpl; Williams, Frank. Pte; Williamson, Moyah C. Sgt; Wilson, Albert. L/Cpl; Wilson, Ernest. Pte; Wilson, John. Pte; Wilson, Joseph. Pte; Wilson, William. Pte; Winstanley, Stanley C. Sgnlr; Woan, Thomas. Pte; Wood, Frank. L/Cpl; Woodburn, Arthur. Pte; Woodcock, George. Pte; Woodhead, Alfred. Sgt Major; Woodhouse, Edward. Pte; Woodruff, Edward. Pte; Woods, Bert. Pte; Woods, Robert W. L/Sgt; Woods, William. L/Cpl; Worden, Henry. Pte; Worden, Henry. Pte; Worswick, William. Pte; Wright, John. Pte; Yates, Ernest. Pte; Yates, Francis J. Pte; Yates, James. Pte; Yates, John. Pte; Youd, John J. Pte; Young, Arthur. Pte; THE MACHINE GUN CORPS: Addison, Archibald. Pte; Ainsworth, Christopher. Pte; Barnes, George. L/Cpl; Bell, Gilbert. Pte; Carr, William. Pte; Cooke, Fredk. W. Pte; Cowperthwaite, William H. Pte; Craven, James. Pte; Forrest, Christopher. Pte; Goring, William. Pte; Gregson, Thomas. Pte; Hall, Charles. Pte; Higgins, Robert. L/Cpl; Hogan, Joseph. Cpl; Hogg, Thomas. Sgnlr; McGann, James J. Sgt. Instr; Nelson, Fred. Pte; Newton, Francis.; Parker, Roger. Pte; Reid, George. Pte; Robinson, Robert.; Shaw, Henry. Pte; Sibbert, Alfred. Pte; Slater, Tomas. Pte; Walmsley, Henry. Pte; Watson, Thomas. Pte; Whalley, Joseph. Pte; Wood, Harold. Cpl; Wray, John. Cpl. THE MANCHESTER REGIMENT: Akers, Fred. Pte; Carroll, Arthur. Pte; Durham, John. Pte; Fishwick, Thomas. L/Cpl; Fitzsimmons, Thomas. Pte; Garlick, Robert. Pte; Haire, Herbert. Pte; Howson, George. Pte; Martindale, Percy.; Ormerod, James. 2nd/Lt; Pattman, Ernest E. Pte; Rayner, Robert. CSM; Richardson, Joseph. Pte; Ridgley, Thomas A. Pte; Roe, John E. Pte; Shaw, George. Pte; Taylor, Robert. Pte; Usher, Herbert. L/Cpl; Wharldall, Edward D. Sgt; Williamson, James. Pte; Wingrove, George F. 2nd Lt. THE MIDDLESEX REGIMENT: Bailey, Robert. Pte; Heller, Thomas. Cpl; Shillitoe, Thomas. Pte. THE MONMOUTHSHIRE REGIMENT: Bateson, John Pte; Catterall, Harold. Sgt; Pendlebury, Ernest. Pte. THE ROYAL MUNSTER FUSILIERS: Brennan, Francis. L/Cpl; O'Brien, H. Pte. NEW ZEALAND FORCES: Blinkhorn, Albert E. Gnr; Buck, William. Pte; Dickinson, James. Pte; Hothersall, Herbert E. Pte; MacLachlan, Alex. Sgt; North, Edwin. Pte; North, William H. L/Cpl; Sarratt, William. Sgt. THE NORTHAMPSTONSHIRE REGIMENT: Bowerham, James. Pte; Burke, Edward T. Lt-QMR; Price, Harold A. Pte; Wilson, Harold. Pte. THE NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT: Parry, James. Pte; Rickard, John. Pte; Taylor, Albert V. Pte; Tipping, Joseph. Pte. THE NORTHUMBERLAND FUSILIERS: Baron, Ignatius. Pte; Beesley, Edward. Pte; Boothby, John. Pte; Brown, Henry. Pte; Cooper, Jas. L. Pte; Hobson, William. Pte; Martindale, Richard. Pte; Swift, William. Pte. THE OXFORDSHIRE AND BUCKINGHAMSHIRE LIGHT INFANTRY: Riding, Edward. Pte. THE PRINCE OF WALES'S VOLUNTEERS (SOUTH LANCASHIRE REGIMENT): Ainsworth, Philip. L/Cpl; Aspden, John. Pte; Ashton, Richard. L/Cpl; Briggs, Robt. Pte; Chapman, William. Pte; Edwards, Llewellyn, F. Lieut; Harrison, Thomas. Pte; Hollinhurst, John. L/Cpl; Kinsella, William. Pte; Moran, Michael.; Mullin, William P. Pte; Nicholson, Edward. RSM; Tye, Robert. Sgt; Pickup, William. Pte; Sumner, Robert. Pte; Titley, Arthur W. Sgt. THE QUEEN'S OWN CAMERON HIGHLANDERS: Clayton, John. Pte. THE QUEEN'S OWN ROYAL WEST KENT REGIMENT: Leeming, Henry. Cpl; Muncaster, Fred. Pte. THE QUEEN'S ROYAL REGIMENT (WEST SURREY): Molyneux, Harold. Pte. THE RIFLE BRIGADE: Fletcher, James. Rifleman; Hesketh, Thomas. Rifleman; Lewis, John E. Rifleman; Morris, Thomas. Cpl; Parkinson, Thomas. Rifleman; Winder, William. Rifleman; Yates, Arthur. Rifleman. ROYAL AIR FORCE AND ROYAL FLYING CORPS: Banks, George (BOY); Boothby, George A. Pte; Davies, John G. Pte; Forshaw, Charles.: Gardner, John H. Lieut; Holme, Alfred. Cpl; Kettlewell, Albert. Pte; Kitchen, John F. Flgt. Sgt; Lupton, John C. Flgt. Sgt; Parker, William R.; Rattle, Louis C. 2nd Lt; Southworth, Hubert. 1st Air. Mech; Watson, Edward. 2nd Air. Mech. ROYAL ARMY CHAPLAINS DEPT: Baines, Thomas L. Rev. Capt. ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS: Ashcroft, William. Pte; Askew, William. Pte; Bashall, John. Pte; Buck, Albert. Cpl; Cranston, Fred. Pte; Creed, Benjamin R. Act. Sgt; Dobson, John M. Pte; Hayhurst, Thomas. Capt; Heald, Edward. L/Cpl; Helm, Albert. Pte; Kitchen, James. Pte; Knowles, William. Pte; McClarnan, Louis. Pte; Marshall, Thomas. Pte; Millan, Charles H. Pte; Piper, Samuel. Pte; Riding, Sidney. Pte; Smalley, Thomas. Staff Sgt; Taylor, Bernard. Pte; Wareing, Thomas R. Pte; Whittle, Richard. Pte. ROYAL ARMY ORDNANCE CORPS: Taylor, John. Armourer S. Sgt; Weall, Edwin J. Armourer S. Sgt. ROYAL ARMY PAY CORPS: Best, Emmanuel. L/Cpl; Harker, Norman W. Cpl; Knowles, Robert. Pte. ROYAL ARMY SERVICE CORPS: Allen, Richard. L/Cpl; Barber, Albert. Dvr; Bilsborough, Walter. Pte; Chaloner, Leo N. Pte; Chew, Fredk. Pte; Clark, John J. Dvr; Coates, Hugh. Pte; Creed, John. Dvr; Dewhurst, Fredk. Pte; Hesketh, Edward. Pte; Hesmondhalgh, Robert. Dvr; Holker, Alex. Pte; Leyland, George F. Pte; Malley, John. Dvr; Marshall, Thomas. Pte; O'Brien, William. Cpl; Ratcliffe, Frank. Pte; Rea, Thomas T. Cpl; Riley, Thomas. Pte; Rutter, George E. Pte; Sharples, James. Dvr; Standing, Fredk. Cpl; Storey, Joseph. Dvr; Thompson, Lawrence. Dvr; Unsworth, Henry. Pte; Walmsley, Harry. Act. Cpl; Williams, A.C.W. Pte; Woods, Peter. Dvr; Wray, T. Sgt. ROYAL ARMY VETERINARY CORPS: Kelly, Patrick. Cpl. THE ROYAL BERKSHIRE REGIMENT: Stephenson, James. Pte. ROYAL DEFENCE CORPS: Curry, Thomas. Pte. THE ROYAL DUBLIN FUSILIERS: Marshall, William H. Sgt. CORPS OF ROYAL ENGINEERS: Arnett, John. L/Cpl; Bailey, Arthur. Cpl; Barnes, Edgar. Sapper; Battersby, Thos. F. Sapper; Billsborough, Sidney. Sapper; Blakely, Thomas. Sapper; Blezard, Henry. Sapper; Bond, Robert C. Sapper; Carr, Percy. Sapper; Carter, John R. Sapper; Catterall, John. Pioneer; Catterall, Percy. L/Cpl; Clayton, Albert E. Sapper; Cook, Walter. Sapper; Cooke, Fred. Sapper; Cookson, William. 2nd Cpl; Cowley, James. 2nd Cpl; Crossthwaite, James. Sapper; Curtis, Percy; Darlington, William. Sapper; Forster, Sydney. Sapper; Green, John M. Cpl; Hamer, Walter. Sgt; Hargreaves, Arthur N.G. Cpl; Harris, George. Sgt; Hartley, Frank. L/Cpl; Hind, James. Sapper; Hornby, Ralph W. Pioneer; Howard, Arthur L. Sapper; Howarth, W. Dvr; Hull, Herbert. Sapper; Hull, William. Dvr; King, Walker. Sapper; Kirby, William. Pte; Lawson, Richard; Leach, Thomas. Sapper; McLean, John D. L/Cpl; Miller, Thomas. Sapper; Muncaster, Sidney. Sapper; Nuttall, John. Sapper; Seed, Henry. Sapper; Sergeant, William. Sapper; Shaw, Edward. Pioneer; Silcock, Charles. Sapper; Stanton, Joseph. Sapper; Stimpson, James; Stone, Albert. Sapper; Sumner, Percy H. Sapper; Swift, Thomas. Sapper; Taylor, Harry. Sapper; Thompson, John M. Sapper; Threlfall, Thomas. Sapper; Timlin, Edward; Tobin, William P. Sgt; Turner, F.W. Sapper; Tomlinson, John. Sapper; Varley, James. Sapper; Webster, Albert. Act. 2nd Cpl; Whittaker, Stanley. Sapper. THE ROYAL FUSILIERS: Baines, Henry. Pte; Bannister, Robert. Pte; Bushell, Robert W. Pte; Cumpstey, Percy. Pte; Harding, John L. Pte; Hubberstey, William. Pte; Lucas, Fred. Pte; McGuiness, William P. Cpl; McHugh, John. Pte; Phillipson, Sidney. Pte; Roe, Tom. Pte; Tipping, Thomas A. Pte; Williams, Rowland. 2nd Lt. ROYAL GARRISON ARTILLERY: Ainsworth, Edward. Gnr; Branton, G.E.; Carter, William. Gnr; Haggars, Thomas.; Halligan, John. Gnr; Hardiker, John. Gnr; Hodson, Charles. Sgt; Hopkins, Richard H. Gnr; Littlefair, James. Gnr; Matley, John. Staff Sgt; Maud, Timothy. Gnr; Moizer, Edward. Gnr; Moon, Harry. Gnr; Morrison, Leonard. Gnr; Pimley, Harry. Gnr; Potter, Thomas. Gnr; Rawlinson, Aloysius. Gnr; Rainford, James H. Gnr; Robertson, Robert. Bdr; Smith, Fredk. G. Gnr; Spencer, James; Sumner, Reuben E. Gnr. THE ROYAL INNISKILLING FUSILIERS: Cookson, James. Pte; Hamriding, James. Pte; Higginson, Herbert. Pte; Lamb, James. Pte; Ogden, Joseph. Pte; Schaill, Thomas. Sgt; Ware, Septimus. Pte. THE ROYAL IRISH FUSILIERS: McClarnan, William. Pte. THE ROYAL IRISH REGIMENT: Brennan, James. Pte; Coates, George. Pte; Metcalf, James. Pte. THE ROYAL REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY: Ainge, W.H. Sgt. Sgnl. Instr; Allison, John. Sgnlr; Anderton, John W. Gnr; Arton, Thomas. Dvr; Aspden, Arthur. Gnr; Bailey, Cornelius. Whlr. Sgt; Baker, William. Dvre; Ball, Alfred. Dvr; Bamber, Alex.; Banks, Samuel. Gnr; Baron, John A. Bdr; Battle, Walter. Dvr; Berry, Thomas. Cpl; Bidwell, Lionel R. Bdr; Billington, Peter. Dvr; Bingham, Henry C. Gnr; Blackburn, Frank. Bdr; Blain, Samuel. Gnr; Bloss, Stephen. Sgt; Boardman, Thomas W. Sgt; Bolton, James. Dvr; Bolton, William. Cpl; Boyd, Samuel. Gnr; Bradley, Anthony H. Gnr; Bradshaw, Cuthbert H. Shoeing Smith; Bramley, John. Cpl. Shoeing Smith; Branton, Ernest; Brookfield, James. Gnr; Brooksby, John C. Gnr; Brown, Ernest E. Pte; Brown, Fred. Gnr; Burscough, George F. Gnr; Busby, Fredk. Gnr; Calderbank, Evan. Sgt; Cank, Thomas C. Gnr; Carter, Joseph E. Dvr; Catterall, Harold. Gnr; Chambers, John E. Dvr; Clarkson, Ralph W. Gnr; Cleminson, Joseph. Gnr; Clitheroe, Ivan. Gnr; Cornall, Herbert S. Bdr; Cosgrove, James. Gnr; Coulthard, Thomas. Dvr; Coulthard, John. Gnr; Cranshaw, David. Gnr; Craven, Alfred E. Gnr; Crook, William. Dvr; Cross, Joseph. Dvr; Crossley, Job. Sgnlr; Crozier, Richard L. Bdr; Davies, John F. Shoeing Smith; Dawson, Edward. Cpl; Dewhurst, Albert. Gnr; Dewhurst, Stephen. Gnr; Dpbson, Henry. Gnr; Dobson, Joseph. Pte; Dodd, John. Dvr; Dodgson, Alex. Gnr; Dodgson, Herbert. Gnr; Drinkwater, George W. Dvr; Duckworth, Thomas. Dvr; Dunderdale, Alfred. Dvr; Dyson, Joseph. Pte; Eastham, William G. Dvr; Eaves, Thomas. Gnr; Eccles, James. Gnr; Edmondson, Joseph. Gnr; Edwards, Richard. Gnr; Fagan, Richard. Pte; Fairclough, Joseph. Gnr; Fallon, William H. Dvr; Fisher, Harold. Gnr; Fisher, Henry. Gnr; Fisher, William. Gnr; Fletcher, Thomas. Dvr; Ford, Thomas. Gnr; Forrester, Albert. Sgt; Fowler, Arthur. Gnr; Freeman, Henry T. Gnr; Gardner, John E. Cpl; Garland, Ernest. Sgt; Garland, William. Dvr; Garlington, Thomas. Dvr; Gee, James. Dvr; Gemson, Robert H. Gnr; Green, Robert. Gnr; Greenwood, James. Bdr; Grundy, James A. Dvr; Hall, James. Dvr; Hall, John. Gnr; Hamer. Harold. Bdr; Hargreaves, Fred. Bdr; Harker, Thomas. Dvr; Harker, William. Dvr; Hartley, Richard. Pte; Hawes, Charles R.M. Gnr; Haworth, James. Gnr; Heaton, James. Gnr; Hesketh, Alfred. Gnr; Hodson, Charles. Gnr; Holmes, Joseph. Dvr; Holt, Arthur. Dvr; Horan, Fred. Cpl; Hosker, John. Dvr; Howarth, R. Gnr; Howarth, Roger. Pte; Hydes, James. Gnr; Iddon, Harold. 2nd Lieut; Jamieson, Herbert C. Sgt; Johnson, James. Sgt; Kay, Ernest. Cpl; Keefe, Thomas. Dvr; Knowles, William. Bdr; Lancaster, Joseph. Gnr; Law, James .Dvr; Law, James. Gnr; Ledinsky, John. Gnr; Leggett, Joseph P. Saddler; Livesey, William. Gnr; Mabbs, Fredk. F. Gnr; Mahon, Gerald. Gnr; Markland, E. Pte; Mather, D.H. Gnr; May, Percy W. Act. Bdr; McDonald, Joseph R. Gnr; McIntosh, Christopher. Sgnlr; McMullen, Thomas. Gnr; Mee, Henry. Dvr; Mengella, John. Bdr; Mills, Charles E. Bdr; Moorhouse, Edwin. Gnr; Morris, William C. Gnr; Moss, Joseph. Bdr; Musgrave, A.H. Sgt; Nevin, George. Gnr; Norris, Robert W. Act.Sgnlr; Partington, Joseph. Bdr; Pearce, George. Lieut; Pemberton, Reuben. Dvr; Philip, Robert C. Cpl; Phillips, William E. Saddler Cpl; Pickup, James W. Gnr; Pitcher, Alfred. Gnr; Priestley, Alfred. Bdr; Rance, William. Gnr; Rawcliffe, William A. Dvr; Ray, Albert. Gnr; Reade, George. Sgt; Reynolds, Harry. Sgt; Robinson, Arthur. Gnr; Robinson, James. Pte; Robinson, Richard. Pte; Robinson, William W. Gnr; Rose, Henry. Dvr; Ryan, Arthur. Pte; Seddon, Henry. Dvr; Sherliker, Thomas. Bdr; Singleton, William H. Pte; Sisson, Frank. Gnr; Smith, Cornelius. Gnr; Smith, Henry. Gnr; Smith, John. Gnr; Southworth, Thomas. Bdr; Stammers, Charles S. Battery Sgt; Stanley, Fredk. Dvr; Stephenson, Frank. Cpl; Stopford, Edward. Gnr; Stringer, Robert. Bdr; Summers, T. Gnr; Sumner, Thomas.; Swarbrick, Joseph. Gnr; Taylor, Richard. Cpl; Taylor, Sydney. Staff Sgt; Thirtle, William H. Dvr; Thompson, John.; Thornley, James. Sgnlr; Threlfall, James. Dvr; Titterington, James. Cpl; Towers, Thomas. Dvr; Wadeson, Joseph. Dvr; Walker, John S. Pte; Ward, Walter S. Cpl; Wareing, Joseph. Bdr; Watmough, Walter. Gnr; Watson, Joseph. Dvr; Wells, Thomas.; Whalley, Harry. Gnr; Whalley, Percy C. Dvr; Whittle, Thomas. Gnr; Widdowson, Joseph P. Dvr; Wilkinson, John. Gnr; Woodacre, Henry. Sgt; Woods, Edward. Cpl; Woods, J. Leo. Gnr; Woodward, Fredk. Sgt; Wright, Ernest J. Gnr; Wright, T. Gnr; Wynn, William. Dvr. THE ROYAL SCOTS FUSILIERS: Bramwell, William. Pte; Glaze, Francis. Pte; Nutter, John. Pte; Ogden, William. L/Cpl; Sumner, Henry. Pte. THE ROYAL SUSSEX REGIMENT: Billington, Joseph. Pte; Wilson, John. Pte. ROYAL TANK CORPS: Clayton, Thomas. Gnr; Crozier, Henry. Pte; Crozier,Herbert.; Glaister, George F. Lieut; Gregson, William P. 2nd Lieut; Matheson, C.M. THE ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT: Duckworth, Levi. Pte; Ebbs, William. Pte; Forrest, Richard. Pte; Jones, Henry. Pte; Jones, Henry. Pte; Newton, Conrad. Pte; Rawlinson, Charles.; Rutter, Arthur E. Pte; Sherrington, James. Pte; Singleton, William. Pte; Voss, Ernest W.T. 2nd Lieut; Woods, Fredk. Pte. THE ROYAL WELCH FUSILIERS: Akker, John T. Pte; Allan, Herbert W. Pte; Bee, William. Pte; Cookson, John L. Pte; Crieff, John. L/Cpl; East, William. Pte; Hartley, Douglas. Pte; Holmes, James J. Pte; Lakeland, William. Pte; Murphy, Laurence. Pte; Pinless, Frank. Pte; Reeve, William G. Pte; Rogerson, Richard. Pte; Rooney, Patrick. Pte; Seefus, John F. Pte; Smith, Joseph. Pte; Swarbrick, W. Pte; Whitehead, John E. Pte; Whitson, Harold. Pte; Wilkinson, Joseph. Pte; Worden, James. Sgt; Worsnop, Charles. Pte. SCOTS GUARDS: Ashcroft, Richard. Pte; Baldwin, Sidney. Pte; Collinson, John. Pte; Corless, John. Pte; Costello, Patrick. Sgt; Derbyshire, John. Cpl; Dickinson, Charles. Pte; Duckett, John J. Pte; Gibson, Reginald. Pte; Gradwell, William. Pte; Grant, William H. Sgt; Green, James. Cpl; Hall, Thomas. Pte; Hodgson, P. Pte; Hothersall, Thomas. Pte; Hubberstey, John. Pte; Hudson, Frank. Pte; Lang, William.; Leonard, George. Pte; Lindsay, Arthur.; Lupton, Lawrence, Pte; McCann, Edward S. Pte; McCartney, Robert. L/Sgt; Maguire, James. Pte; Malaney, Joseph V. Pte; Maudsley, John. Pte; Miller, Thomas. Pte; Morland, Edward. Pte; Parkinson, William. Pte; Robinson, Herbert. Pte; Robinson, Tom. Pte; Roscoe, Richard. Pte; Salisbury, William F. Pte; Sanderson, John. Sgt; Singleton, James. Pte; Stuart, A. Sgt; Thompson, Thomas. Pte; Trinder, Charles F. Cpl; Whittam, James.; Whittle, William. L/Cpl; Wilcock, Edwin H. Pte; Wilkinson, J.B. Sgt; Wilson, Percy. L/Cpl; Worden, John. Pte; Wormald, Charles. L/Cpl. THE SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS: Baird, William. Pte; Burnie, Arnold. L/Cpl; Dawson, John T. Cpl; Hindmarsh, William T. Pte; Leeming, John. Pte; Mercer, John W. Pte; Robinson, Edward. Pte. THE SHERWOOD FORESTERS: Johnson, Charles F. L/Cpl; Massam, Thomas. L/Cpl. THE SOMERSET LIGHT INFANTRY: Holden, Wilfrid. L/Cpl. SOUTH AFRICAN FORCES: Charnley, George F. Lieut; Poole, Alexander W. Pte; Sharp, Robert. Cpl. THE SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT: Finn, Edward. Pte. THE SOUTH WALES BORDERERS: Addison, Edward. Cpl; Brennan, John J. Pte; Burnie, Robert. Pte; Dring, William. Pte; Duckworth, James. Pte; Masheter, Albert E. Pte; Walsh, John. Pte; Whittle, Joseph B. Cpl. THE SUFFOLK REGIMENT: Adkins, James F.B. Bandsman; Craig, William F. Pte; Harrison, William. Pte; Hunter, William. Pte; Swarbrick, James. L/Cpl. THE WELCH REGIMENT: Chapman, William A. L/Cpl; Crook, William Pte; Fletcher, Hugh. Pte; Hemsworth, Frank. Pte; Hough, Thomas. Pte; Rawcliffe, Thomas.; Swindlehurst, James. Pte; Thompson, Fredk. Pte. WELSH GUARDS: Carlisle, Fredk. Pte; Crossley, John. Pte. THE WEST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT: Bamford, William. Pte; Cook, John W. Pte; Hunter, Thomas A. Pte; Lynch, Joseph L. Pte; Taylor, Benjamin. Pte; Turner, Francis I. 2nd Lieut. THE WILTSHIRE REGIMENT: Cronan, Joseph. L/Sgt; Sharples, Bernard H. Pte. THE WORCESTERSHIRE REGIMENT: Houghton, Arthur. 2nd Lieut. THE YORK AND LANCASTER REGIMENT: Barron, Thomas. Pte; Holmes, Sam B. Sapper; Thornley, John W. Pte; Vickers, William. Pte. TRANSPORT SHIPS, ETC: Clarkson, Joseph. Seaman; Gallagher, James. 2nd Engr; Seed, Walter H. C.Baker; Walmesley, Silas.; Wright, Robert M. Engr. MISCELLANEOUS: Cavanagh, John M. Pte; Chapman, John.; Dawson, Arthur. Pte; Dobson, R.H. Pte; Farrington, E. Pte; Friars, Frederick W. Pte; Frodsham, Thomas. Pte; Hesmondhalgh, William. Pte; Maloney, Joseph. Sgt; Riding, Robert. Pte; Walsh, John. L/Cpl; Molyneaux, Alfred. Pte. Lancs. Fus.; Wild, James. Pte. E.Yorks.; Goodman, Joseph. Pte. M.T., ASC; Dunleavy, George. Pte. RASC; Moorcroft, A. Pte. R. Welsh Fus.; Newsham, Joseph. L/Cpl. Loyal Regt.; Welsh, John. Dvr. R. Field Art. ADDITIONAL FRAMED PICTURE OF MISSING NAMES: THE EAST LANCASHIRE REGIMENT: Gregson, John. Sgt; Moon, William. Pte. THE LOYAL (NORTH LANCASHIRE) REGIMENT: Calder, Joseph H. Pte; Nichol, George. L/Cpl; Tomlinson, Albert. Pte; Topping, Christopher. Pte. THE CORPS OF ROYAL ENGINEERS: Kirby, Thomas P. Sapper.
My name is Adam, I'm 36, and I live in Colorado. I have signed up to participate in the 2006 Florida Ironman.
I started training for the event on Jan 1st, 2006 weighing 362.2 lbs (at 6'3"). My goal is to A) lose 140.6 lbs (which equals the total miles covered in an Ironman) before the start of the 2006 Florida Ironman and B) become an official Ironman finisher on Nov 4th 2006. I was certainly big enough to get Gastric bypass surgery but wanted to prove it could be done with a lifestyle change and sweat.
This will be the second time I will have lost significant weight in a year(ish) time frame. 10 years ago I lost 132 lbs because of a $100 bet with a buddy. I remember before I lost weight the first time if was even possible. I felt helpless at times. After the success of the first big weight loss I knew it was about setting up a good plan and sticking to it. I have been big most of my life and started doing triathlons to lose weight. I didn't eat well so I really didn’t lose any weight (here is a site I did for the 2004 Escape from Alcatraz www.betacode.com I weighed about 340. I was last but I finished the darn thing!) In November 2005 I was watching the Ironman and decided heck I'll sign up for the Florida event in Nov 2006. I put off starting to train so I could make it my new years resolution (or so I could eat well over the holidays - you be the judge.) Here is my weight loss plan:
1. Calories in - less than calories expended.
I am eating 3 meals (+ 1 snack usually fruit) and staying under 1,406 calories (Low fat and choosing whole grain if possible.) I average about 1,000 to 1,200 calories per day. First week was kind of tough but I would make sure I drank large glasses of ice water at meal time to help fill me up. Now it's pretty easy. I can even go out to eat now and make good decisions and leave food on my plate.
2. Peak Interval training.
Last time I lost a bunch of weight I noticed I would lose more in weeks where my training heart rate would peak and valley through out my work out (I thought I was building to get faster.) That is I would do 2-5 minutes of cardio at 108-120 BPM and follow that with 2-5 min at 150-162 BPM. So now I just put the Cardio time in (at this point 90 minutes a day) and I have had some great results.
Now that I am within 3 months of my race dates I have switched my training to long sustained work outs. On short days I still do Peak Interval training but for the most part I am running or riding for a couple hours at a set heart rate.
________________
I'm not fast, I'm indestructible!
GOAL MET on Sept 29, 2006 down 140.6 LBS!!!!!!
Weight loss this week: -3.8 lbs
STARTING WEIGHT = 362.2 LBS - (Jan 1st 2006)
CURRENT WEIGHT = 221.2 LBS
GOAL WEIGHT = 221.6 LBS - (achieved by Nov 4th, 2006)
LBS Lost so far: 141.0 lbs
LBS to Go = 0 LBS
Days to GO = 35 days
I am in week 39 of 44.
updated Sept 29,2006
File name: 08_02_000723
Box label: Aerial photographs: Boston (incl. Aero Scenic Airviews)
Title: Boston. Post Office Square
Alternative title:
Creator/Contributor: Aero Scenic Airviews Co. (Boston, Mass.) (photographer)
Date issued:
Date created: 1931
Physical description: 1 photographic print : gelatin silver ; 7 1/2 x 9 1/2 in.
Genre: Gelatin silver prints; Aerial photographs; Cityscape photographs
Subjects: Cities & towns
Notes: Number on image: 88
Provenance:
Statement of responsibility: Aero Scenic Airviews, Boston Mass.
Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department
Rights: Rights status not evaluated.
Blast from the past, a 45, a single, a vinyl:-) check out the grooves in the point of focus That there is stereophonic sound, Hi-fidelity and if you're clever you can tell me what classic this is- from the 1967 charts it is one of only 40 singles to hit 10 million sales since these things were listed :-)
Balanced on a biscuit tin lid and lit with an LED torch!
Named: "Sten Viking".
First flown with the Airbus test registration D-AVYV, this aircraft was originally due to be registered LN-RKK but that wasn't taken up. It was delivered to SAS Scandinavian Airlines as OY-KBR, registered to SAS Denmark A/S as OY-KBR in Aug-07.
It was sold to a lessor and leased back to SAS Denmark A/S at the end of Aug-07 and sold back to SAS Denmark A/S in Sep-17. The aircraft was repainted in 'Star Alliance' livery in Apr-22. Current, updated 01-Jun-24.
Name:Uganda Delis - Zeniba
Age:23
Contry:Uganda
Occupation:Unemployed
Height:1.78
Personality:The high fashion girl
Name; Ariel Blue
Age; 21
Hometown; Ticonderoga , New York
Style; classy with a touch of modern and edge
What role will you have in the house?
"My role would probably be the underdog , some one that everyone thinks lowly of but I will whoop all those bitches. "
Who are you?
I am the youngest of three and I want a shot at making it big and having a house hold name .
Why did you audition for BNDM?
I auditioned cause I know I will come out on top and I cam deliver and rise to the top.
Why do you think you will win?
I think I could win because I can impress you every week with a new look and I wanna whoop some ass.
Biggest competition?
No one at the moment cause I didnt see how they work in Photo shoots.
ear piercings cross and feather stud ear piercing feather horse shoe By www.piercingtime.com
Resolution: 612 x 612 · 28 kB · jpeg
Size: 612 x 612 · 28 kB · jpeg
Related: Can An Ear Piercing Improve Your Sex Life? Fashion industry insiders—particularly those who work in New York City—know the ...
I've been thinking all night and I've decided (finally xD) the name of my Mao!
It'll be Morinaga Haruka (surname - name, japanese style xD).
In general, I don't like very much japanese names. But I think he needs a japanese name or something. I've choosen the name and the surname from two diferent characters I like. Hope you like it ^^
El último humedal existente en el secano interior de la zona central del país… región del Maule, Chile.
Lucerne (/ljuːˈsɜːrn/; German: Luzern [luˈtsɛrn] (About this soundlisten); French: Lucerne [lysɛʁn]; Italian: Lucerna [luˈtʃɛrna]; Romansh: Lucerna; Lucerne German: Lozärn) is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With a population of about 81,057 people (as of 2013),[3] Lucerne is the most populous town in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media of this region. The city's urban area consists of 17 municipalities and towns located in three different cantons with an overall population of about 250,000 people (as of 2007).[4]
Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee) and its outflow, the river Reuss, within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's famous landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (German: Kapellbrücke), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century.
The official language of Lucerne is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Contents
1History
1.1Early history and founding (750–1386)
1.2From city to city-state (1386–1520)
1.3Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)
1.4Century of revolutions (1798–1914)
1.521st century
2Geography and climate
2.1Topography
2.2Climate
3Politics
3.1Government
3.2Parliament
3.3National elections
3.3.1National Council
3.4International relations
3.4.1Twin towns
4Demography
4.1Population
4.2Historic population
4.3Religion
5Economy
6Sights
7Culture and events
7.1Culture
7.2Events
8Transport
9Sport
10Gallery
11Notable people
12See also
13References
14Further reading
15External links
History[edit]
Early history and founding (750–1386)[edit]
After the fall of the Roman Empire beginning in the 6th century, Germanic Alemannic peoples increased their influence on this area of present-day Switzerland.
Around 750 the Benedictine Monastery of St. Leodegar was founded, which was later acquired by Murbach Abbey in Alsace in the middle of the 9th century, and by this time the area had become known as Luciaria.[5]
The origin of the name is uncertain, it is possibly derived from the Latin name of the pike, lucius, thus designating a pike fishing spot in the river Reuss. Derivation from the theonym Lugus has been suggested but is phonetically implausible. In any case, the name was associated by popular etymology with Latin lucerna "lantern" from an early time.[6]
In 1178 Lucerne acquired its independence from the jurisdiction of Murbach Abbey, and the founding of the city proper probably occurred that same year. The city gained importance as a strategically located gateway for the growing commerce from the Gotthard trade route.
By 1290 Lucerne had become a self-sufficient city of reasonable size with about 3000 inhabitants. About this time King Rudolph I von Habsburg gained authority over the Monastery of St. Leodegar and its lands, including Lucerne. The populace was not content with the increasing Habsburg influence, and Lucerne allied with neighboring towns to seek independence from their rule. Along with Lucerne, the three other forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden formed the "eternal" Swiss Confederacy, known as the Eidgenossenschaft, on November 7, 1332.
Later the cities of Zürich, Zug and Bern joined the alliance. With the help of these additions, the rule of Austria over the area came to an end. The issue was settled by Lucerne’s victory over the Habsburgs in the Battle of Sempach in 1386. For Lucerne this victory ignited an era of expansion. The city shortly granted many rights to itself, rights which had been withheld by the Habsburgs until then. By this time the borders of Lucerne were approximately those of today.
From city to city-state (1386–1520)[edit]
In 1415 Lucerne gained Reichsfreiheit from Emperor Sigismund and became a strong member of the Swiss confederacy. The city developed its infrastructure, raised taxes, and appointed its own local officials. The city’s population of 3000 dropped about 40% due to the Black Plague and several wars around 1350.
In 1419 town records show the first witch trial against a male person.
Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)[edit]
Lucerne in 1642
Among the growing towns of the confederacy, Lucerne was especially popular in attracting new residents. Remaining predominantly Catholic, Lucerne hosted its own annual passion play from 1453 to 1616. It was a two-day-long play of 12 hours performance per day.[7] As the confederacy broke up during the Reformation, after 1520, most nearby cities became Protestant, but Lucerne remained Catholic. After the victory of the Catholics over the Protestants in the Battle at Kappel in 1531, the Catholic towns dominated the confederacy. The region, though, was destined to be dominated by Protestant cities such as Zürich, Bern and Basel, which defeated the Catholic forces in the 1712 Toggenburg War. The former prominent position of Lucerne in the confederacy was lost forever. In the 16th and 17th centuries, wars and epidemics became steadily less frequent and as a result the population of the country increased strongly.
Lucerne was besieged by a peasant army and quickly signed a peace treaty with the rebels in the Swiss peasant war of 1653.
Century of revolutions (1798–1914)[edit]
Conflict at Lucerne, Illustrated London News, 1845
In 1798, nine years after the beginning of the French Revolution, the French army marched into Switzerland. The old confederacy collapsed and the government became democratic. The industrial revolution hit Lucerne rather late, and by 1860 only 1.7% of the population worked in industry, which was about a quarter of the national average at that time. Agriculture, which employed about 40% of the workers, was the main form of economic output in the canton. Nevertheless, industry was attracted to the city from areas around Lucerne. From 1850 to 1913, the population quadrupled and the flow of settlers increased. In 1856 trains first linked the city to Olten and Basel, then Zug and Zürich in 1864 and finally to the south in 1897.
21st century[edit]
On June 17, 2007, voters of the city of Lucerne and the adjacent town of Littau agreed to a merger in a simultaneous referendum. This took effect on January 1, 2010.[8] The new city, still called Lucerne, has a population of around 80,000 people, making it the seventh-largest city in Switzerland. The results of this referendum are expected to pave the way for negotiations with other nearby cities and towns in an effort to create a unified city-region, based on the results of a study.[9]
Geography and climate[edit]
Topography[edit]
Lucerne is located at the outfall of Lake Lucerne into the river Reuss, which flows from south-east to north-west. The city occupies both banks of the river and the lowest reach of the lake, with the city centre straddling the river immediately downstream of the outfall. The city's suburbs climb the hills to the north-east and south-west, and stretch out along the river and lake banks, whilst the recently added area of Littau is to the north-west.[10]
Besides this contiguous city area, the municipality also includes an exclave on the south shore of Lake Lucerne some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away, comprising the northern slopes of the Bürgenstock. This section of the municipality is entirely surrounded by the lake and by land of the canton of Nidwalden. It does not contain any significant settlements, but the summit of the Bürgenstock is the highest point of the municipality.[10]
The municipality has an area of 29.1 square kilometers (11.2 sq mi). Of this area and as of 2009, 28.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 47.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (2.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[11]
Climate[edit]
Between 1961 and 1990 Lucerne had an average of 138.1 days of rain per year and on average received 1,171 mm (46.1 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was June during which time Lucerne received an average of 153 mm (6.0 in) of rainfall. During this month there was rainfall for an average of 14.2 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 61 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation over 10.2 days.[12] Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[13]
hideClimate data for Lucerne
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high °C (°F)3.4
(38.1)5.2
(41.4)10.3
(50.5)14.4
(57.9)19.1
(66.4)22.2
(72)24.7
(76.5)23.8
(74.8)19.4
(66.9)14.3
(57.7)7.8
(46)4.3
(39.7)14.1
(57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)0.5
(32.9)1.4
(34.5)5.4
(41.7)9.1
(48.4)13.7
(56.7)16.9
(62.4)19.1
(66.4)18.3
(64.9)14.6
(58.3)10.2
(50.4)4.6
(40.3)1.6
(34.9)9.6
(49.3)
Average low °C (°F)−2.3
(27.9)−2.0
(28.4)1.1
(34)4.3
(39.7)8.9
(48)12.1
(53.8)14.2
(57.6)13.9
(57)10.6
(51.1)6.7
(44.1)1.6
(34.9)−1.0
(30.2)5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)51
(2.01)54
(2.13)74
(2.91)88
(3.46)128
(5.04)154
(6.06)151
(5.94)146
(5.75)107
(4.21)76
(2.99)73
(2.87)72
(2.83)1,173
(46.18)
Average snowfall cm (inches)16.0
(6.3)20.2
(7.95)8.3
(3.27)1.2
(0.47)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.4
(0.16)5.3
(2.09)14.6
(5.75)66.0
(25.98)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)9.38.711.811.812.913.512.512.510.29.49.610.0132.2
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)3.84.41.90.60.00.00.00.00.00.12.47.937.9
Average relative humidity (%)83797370727272758083848477
Mean monthly sunshine hours47721221411611712011871379752361,423
Percent possible sunshine21283636373845453932221735
Source: MeteoSwiss[14]
Politics[edit]
Government[edit]
The City Council (Stadtrat) constitutes the executive government of the city of Lucerne and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Stadtrat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period (Legislatur) September 2016 – August 2020 the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Beat Züsli. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Grand City Council are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Lucerne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate.[15]
As of September 2016, Luzern's City Council is made up of one representative of the SP (Social Democratic Party, who is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GPS (Green Party), FDP (FDP.The Liberals), and glp (Green Liberal Party). The last regular election was held on 1 May/5 June 2016.[15]
The City Council (Stadtrat) of Luzern[15]
City Councilor
(Stadtrat/-rätin)PartyHead of Directorate (Direktion, since) ofelected since
Beat Züsli[SR 1] SPMayor's Office and City's Chancellary (Präsidialdirektion und Stadtkanzlei, 2016)2016
Franziska Bitzi Staub CVPFinances (Finanzdirektion, 2016)November 2016
Adrian Borgula GPSEnvironment, Transport, and Security (Direktion Umwelt, Verkehr und Sicherheit, 2012)2012
Manuela Jost glpBuilding and Civil Engineering (Baudirektion, 2012)2012
Martin Merki FDPSocial Services (Sozialdirektion, 2012)2012
^ Mayor (Stadtpräsident)
Toni Göpfert (FDP) is Town Chronicler (Stadtschreiber) since 1990.
Parliament[edit]
The Grosse Stadtrat of Luzern for the mandate period of 2016-2020
JUSO (2.1%)
jg (2.1%)
SP (27.1%)
GPS (12.5%)
glp (8.3%)
CVP (14.6%)
FDP (18.8%)
SVP (16.7%)
The Grand City Council (Grosser Stadtrat) holds legislative power. It is made up of 48 members, with elections held every four years. The Grand City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.
The sessions of the Grand City Council are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the Grand City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Luzern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Grand City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the Rathaus (Town Hall) am Kornmarkt.[16]
The last regular election of the Grand City Council was held on 1 May 2016 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur) from September 2016 to August 2020. Currently the Grand City Council consist of 13 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) and one of its junior section, the JUSO, 9 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 7 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 6 Green Party (GPS/PES) and one of its junior section, the jg of Luzern, and 4 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL).[16]
National elections[edit]
National Council[edit]
In the 2015 election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the SPS which received 25.8% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the SVP (19.5%), the FDP (15.4%), the CVP (14.1%), the GPS (13.3%), and the GLP (8.9%). In the federal election, a total of 26,521 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.48%.[17]
International relations[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland
Twin towns[edit]
Lucerne is twinned with the following towns:[18]
United Kingdom Bournemouth, United Kingdom (1981)[18][19]
United States Chicago, Illinois, United States (1999)[18]
Poland Cieszyn, Poland (1994)[18]
France Guebwiller / Murbach, France (1978)[18]
Czech Republic Olomouc, Czech Republic (1994)[18]
Germany Potsdam, Germany (2002)[18][20]
Demography[edit]
Population[edit]
Largest groups of foreign residents 2013[21]
NationalityNumbers% of total
(% of foreigners)
Germany4,1675.2 (20.7)
Italy2,2792.8 (11.3)
Portugal1,7652.2 (8.8)
Serbia1,4301.8 (7.1)
Kosovo7941.0 (3.9)
Spain7600.9 (3.8)
Sri Lanka7340.9 (3.6)
Bosnia and Herzegovina5430.7 (2.7)
Croatia5380.7 (2.7)
Republic of Macedonia4570.7 (2.6)
Lucerne has a population (as of 31 December 2017) of 81,401.[2] As of 2013, 19,264 or 25.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals, of which 19.9% are from Europe, 2.8% from Asia, 1.2% from Africa and 1.0% from America.[21] Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 1.2%. Most of the population (as of 2010) speak German (87%), with Italian, as well as Serbo-Croatian and English with 5% being second most common languages, followed by French and Albanian with 3%, and Portuguese and Spanish with 2% each.[22]
The age distribution in Lucerne is (as of 2013); 12,916 people or 15.7% of the population is 0–19 years old. 26,381 people or 33.8% are 20–39 years old, and 25,863 people or 32.1% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution is 10,530 people or 13.1% are 65–79 years old, 4,208 or 5.2% are 80–89 years old and 900 people or 1.1% of the population are 90+ years old.[23]
In Lucerne about 73.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
As of 2000 there are 30,586 households, of which 15,452 households (or about 50.5%) contain only a single individual. 853 or about 2.8% are large households, with at least five members.[24] As of 2000 there were 5,707 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 4,050 were built only as housing, and 1,657 were mixed use buildings. There were 1,152 single family homes, 348 double family homes, and 2,550 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (787) or three (1,468) story structures. There were only 74 single story buildings and 1,721 four or more story buildings.[24]
Historic population[edit]
The historical population of Lucerne is given in the following table:
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
186013,166—
187016,450+2.25%
188020,419+2.18%
188823,607+1.83%
190032,954+2.82%
YearPop.±% p.a.
191043,611+2.84%
192048,394+1.05%
193047,066−0.28%
194159,847+2.21%
195066,170+1.12%
YearPop.±% p.a.
196076,148+1.41%
197083,374+0.91%
198078,274−0.63%
199076,466−0.23%
200075,425−0.14%
YearPop.±% p.a.
201077,491+0.27%
201681,592+0.86%
Source: City of Lucerne - Population by Nationality and Sex since 1860
Religion[edit]
The city grew up around Sankt Leodegar Abbey, founded in AD 840, and remained strongly Roman Catholic into the 21st century. By 1850, 96.9% of the population was Catholic, in 1900 it was 81.9% and in 1950 it was still 72.3%. In the 2000 census the religious membership of Lucerne was: 35,682 (60%) Roman Catholic, 9,227 (15.5%) Protestant, with an additional 1,979 (3.33%) who were of some other Christian denominations; 1,824 individuals (3.07% of the population) Muslim; 196 individuals (0.33% of the population) Jewish. Of the remainder, 1,073 (1.8%) individuals were another religion; 6,310 (10.61%) stated they do not belong to any organized religion; and 3,205 (5.39%) did not answer the question.[24]
Economy[edit]
As of 2012, there were a total of 77,641 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 166 people worked in 53 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 7,326 workers in 666 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 70,149 jobs in 6,929 businesses. In 2013 a total of 11.0% of the population received social assistance.[25] As of 2000 51.7% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, women made up 47.9% of the workforce.[24]
Lucerne is home to a number of major Swiss companies, including Schindler Group, Chronoswiss, Emmi, EF Education First and the Luzerner Kantonalbank. Suva, one of Switzerland's oldest accident insurance companies, is also based in Lucerne, as is the University of Lucerne, the youngest of Switzerland's traditional universitites.
Thanks to its continuous tax-cutting policies, Lucerne has become Switzerland's most business-friendly canton. As of 2012 Lucerne offers Switzerland's lowest corporate tax rate at cantonal level.[26]
Furthermore, Lucerne also offers very moderate personal income tax rates. In a recent published study of BAK Basel Economics taxation index 2012, Lucerne made it to the 4th place with an only marginally 2% higher tax rate compared to the top canton in this comparison.[27]
Since November 2009, Zurich Airport can be reached from Lucerne within 1 hour and 2 minutes[28] by a direct (every hour) train connection every half an hour with a stop just below the airport, and within 40 minutes by car due to a direct motorway from Lucerne to the Airport, but only if you travel outside of rush hours.
Sights[edit]
Since the city straddles the Reuss where it drains the lake, it has a number of bridges. The most famous is the Chapel Bridge (Kapellbrücke), a 204 m (669 ft) long wooden covered bridge originally built in 1333, the oldest covered bridge in Europe, although much of it had to be replaced after a fire on 18 August 1993, allegedly caused by a discarded cigarette. Part way across, the bridge runs by the octagonal Water Tower (Wasserturm), a fortification from the 13th century. Inside the bridge are a series of paintings from the 17th century depicting events from Lucerne's history. The Bridge with its Tower is the city's most famous landmark.
Lucerne city, lake and mountains view from the tower
Downriver, between the Kasernenplatz and the Mühlenplatz, the Spreuer Bridge (Spreuerbrücke or Mühlenbrücke, Mill Bridge) zigzags across the Reuss. Constructed in 1408, it features a series of medieval-style 17th century plague paintings by Kaspar Meglinger (de) titled Dance of Death (Totentanzzyklus). The bridge has a small chapel in the middle that was added in 1568.
Old Town Lucerne is mainly located just north of the Reuss, and still has several fine half-timber structures with painted fronts. Remnants of the old town walls exist on the hill above Lucerne, complete with eight tall watch towers. An additional gated tower sits at the base of the hill on the banks of the Reuss.
The twin needle towers of the Church of St. Leodegar, which was named after the city's patron saint, sit on a small hill just above the lake front. Originally built in 735, the present structure was erected in 1633 in the late Renaissance style. However, the towers are surviving remnants of an earlier structure. The interior is richly decorated. The church is popularly called the Hofkirche (in German) and is known locally as the Hofchile (in Swiss-German).
Bertel Thorvaldsen's famous carving of a dying lion (the Lion Monument, or Löwendenkmal) is found in a small park just off the Löwenplatz. The carving commemorates the hundreds of Swiss Guards of who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution, when an armed mob stormed the Tuileries Palace in Paris.
The Swiss Museum of Transport is a large and comprehensive museum exhibiting all forms of transport, including locomotives, automobiles, ships, and aircraft. It is to be found beside the lake in the northern-eastern section of the city.
The Culture and Convention Center (KKL) beside the lake in the center of the city was designed by Jean Nouvel. The center has one of the world's leading concert halls, with acoustics by Russell Johnson.
Culture and events[edit]
Culture[edit]
The Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre at night
Since plans for the new culture and convention centre arose in the late 1980s, Lucerne has found a balance between the so-called established culture and alternative culture. A consensus was reached that culminated in a culture compromise (Kulturkompromiss). The established culture comprises the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre (KKL), the city theater (Luzerner Theater) and, in a broader sense, smaller establishments such as the Kleintheater, founded by comedian Emil Steinberger, a Lucerne native, or Stadtkeller, a music restaurant in the city's old town. KKL houses a concert hall as well as the Museum of Art Lucerne (Kunstmuseum Luzern).
Alternative culture took place mostly on the premises of a former tube factory, which became known as Boa. Other localities for alternative culture have since emerged in the same inner city area as Boa. Initially, Boa staged various plays, but concerts became more and more common; this new use of the building clashed with the development of apartment buildings on nearby lots of land. Due to possible noise pollution, Boa was closed and a replacement in a less heavily inhabited area is currently under construction. Critics claimed though that the new establishment would not meet the requirements for an alternative culture.
Südpol is a center for performing arts in Lucerne presenting music-, dance- and theatre-events. The house at the foot of Pilatus is opened since November 2008.
Lucerne is home to the Luzerner Sinfonieorchester, a category A symphonic orchestra, and to the 21st Century Symphony Orchestra, and they both hold most of their performances in the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre.
Lucerne is also home to Keramikkonzerte (keramikkonzerte.com/), a series of classical chamber music concerts held throughout each year.
Events[edit]
Every year, towards the end of winter, Fasnacht (Carnival) breaks out in the streets, alleyways and squares of the old town. This is a glittering outdoor party, where chaos and merriness reign and nothing is as it normally is. Strange characters in fantastic masks and costumes make their way through the alleyways, while Guggenmusiken (carnival bands) blow their instruments in joyful cacophony and thousands of bizarrely clad people sing and dance away the winter. The Lucerner Fasnacht, based on religious, Catholic backgrounds, starts every year on the Thursday before Aschermittwoch (Ash Wednesday) with a big bang at 5am called Morgenwacht (Morning Watch). There are big parades in the afternoon on Schmotzige Donnerstag (literally: Lardy Thursday)[29] and the following Monday, called Güdismontag (literally: Paunch Monday), which attract tens of thousands of people. Lucerne's Carnival ends with a crowning finish on Güdisdienstag (literally: Paunch Tuesday) evening with the Monstercorso, a tremendous parade of Guggenmusiken, lights and lanterns with even a larger audience. Rather recently a fourth Fasnacht day has been introduced on the Saturday between the others Fasnacht days, the Rüüdige Samstag while mainly several indoor balls take place. From dusk till dawn on the evenings of Schmotzige Donnerstag, Güdismontag, and after the Monstercorso many bands wander through the historical part of the city playing typical Fasnacht tunes. Until midnight, the historical part of the city usually is packed with people participating. A large part of the audience are also dressed up in costumes, even a majority in the evenings.
Lucerne Fasnacht
The city hosts various renowned festivals throughout the year. The Lucerne Festival for classical music takes place in the summer. Its orchestra, the Lucerne Festival Orchestra, is hand-picked from some of the finest instrumentalists in the world. In June yearly the pop music festival B-Sides takes place in Lucerne. It focuses on international acts in alternative music, indie rock, experimental rock and other cutting edge and left field artistic musical genres. In July, the Blue Balls Festival brings jazz, blues and punk music to the lake promenade and halls of the Culture and Convention Center. The Lucerne Blues Festival is another musical festival which usually takes place in November. Since spring 2004, Lucerne has hosted the Festival Rose d'Or for television entertainment. And in April, the well-established comics festival Fumetto attracts an international audience.
Being the cultural center of a rather rural region, Lucerne regularly holds different folklore festivals, such as Lucerne Cheese Festival, held annually. In 2004, Lucerne was the focus of Swiss Wrestling fans when it had hosted the Swiss Wrestling and Alpine festival (Eidgenössisches Schwing- und Älplerfest), which takes place every three years in a different location. A national music festival (Eidgenössiches Musikfest) attracted marching bands from all parts of Switzerland in 2006. In summer 2008, the jodelling festival (Eidgenössisches Jodlerfest) is expected to have similar impact.
The 2021 Winter Universiade will be hosted by Lucerne.
Transport[edit]
Lucerne railway station
Lucerne boasts a developed and well-run transport network, with the main operator, Verkehrsbetriebe Luzern (VBL), running both the trolleybuses in Lucerne and a motor buses network in the city and to neighboring municipalities. Other operators, such as PostAuto Schweiz and Auto AG Rothenburg, provide bus services to other towns and villages.
Lucerne railway station is one of Switzerland's principal railway stations situated in the middle of the town and just next to the lake, and enjoys excellent connection to the rest of Switzerland via railway services operated by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) and the Zentralbahn (zb). Two other stations are located within the city boundaries, with Lucerne Allmend/Messe railway station close to the Swissporarena in the south of the city, and the Lucerne Verkehrshaus railway station adjacent to the Swiss Museum of Transport in the east.
Lucerne's city transit system is fully integrated into the coherent and integrated fare network system called passepartout encompassing all kind of public transport in the cantons of Lucerne, Obwalden, and Nidwalden.
Sport[edit]
The Swissporarena is home to FC Lucerne of the Swiss Super League
There are several football clubs throughout the city. The most successful one is FC Luzern which plays in Switzerland's premier league (Swiss Super League). The club plays its home matches at the new Swissporarena, with a capacity of 16,800.
The city's main hockey team is the HC Luzern which plays in the Swiss Second League, the fourth tier of Swiss hockey. They play their home games in the 5,000-seat Swiss Life Arena.
In the past, Lucerne also produced national successes in men's handball and women's volleyball and softball.
Having a long tradition of equestrian sports, Lucerne has co-hosted CSIO Switzerland, an international equestrian show jumping event, until it left entirely for St. Gallen in 2006. Since then, the Lucerne Equestrian Masters replaced it. There is also an annual horse racing event, usually taking place in August.
Lucerne annually hosts the final leg of the Rowing World Cup on Rotsee Lake, and has hosted numerous World Rowing Championships, among others the first ever in 1962. Lucerne was also bidding for the 2011 issue but failed.
Lucerne hosts the annual Spitzen Leichtathletik Luzern Track and field meeting, which attracts world class athletes such as Yohan Blake and Valerie Adams.
The city also provides facilities for ice-hockey, figure-skating, golf, swimming, basketball, rugby, skateboarding, climbing and more.
Lucerne hosted FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour event Lucerne Open 2015 and FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championship in 2016.
The "The Gables" still retains it's original conservatory which is accessed off the former drawing room through a stained glass door which features beautiful red stylised Art Nouveau daisies. The conservatory has a row of yellow and red Art Nouveau stained glass vent windows as well as one beautiful Art Nouveau stained glass picture window. The picture window features brightly coloured stylised yellow and orange flowers.
"The Gables" is a substantial villa that sits proudly on leafy Finch Street in the exclusive inner city suburb of East Malvern.
Built in 1902 for local property developer Lawrence Alfred Birchnell and his wife Annie, "The Gables" is considered to be one of the most prominent houses in the Gascoigne Estate. The house was designed by Melbourne architect firm Ussher and Kemp in what was the prevailing style of the time, Queen Anne, which is also known as Federation style (named so after Australian Federation in 1901). Ussher and Kemp were renowned for their beautiful and complex Queen Anne houses and they designed at least six other houses in Finch Street alone. "The Gables" remained a private residence for many years. When Lawrence Birchnell sold it, the house was converted into a rooming house. It remained so throughout the tumultuous 1920s until 1930 when it was sold again. The new owners converted "The Gables" into a reception hall for hire for private functions. The first wedding reception was a breakfast held in the formal dining room in 1930, followed by dancing to Melbourne’s first jukebox in the upstairs rooms. Notorious Melbourne gangster Joseph Theodore Leslie "Squizzy" Taylor was reputed to have thrown a twenty-first birthday party for his girlfriend of the day in the main ballroom (what had originally been the house's billiards room). "The Gables" became very famous for its grand birthday parties throughout the 1930s and 1940s. With its easy proximity to the Caulfield Race Course, "The Gables" ran an underground speakeasy and gambling room upstairs and sold beer from the back door during Melbourne’s restrictive era of alcohol not sold after six o'clock at night. Throughout its history, "The Gables" has been a Melbourne icon, celebrating generation after generation of Melbourne’s wedding receptions, parties and balls. Lovingly restored, the atmosphere and charm of "The Gables" have been retained for the future generations.
Grand in its proportions, "The Gables" is a sprawling villa that is built of red brick, but its main feature, as the name suggests, is its many ornamented gables. The front façade is dominated by six different sized gables, each supported by ornamental Art Nouveau influenced timber brackets. The front and side of the house is skirted by a wide verandah decorated with wooden balustrades and rounded fretwork. "The Gables" features two grand bay windows and three other large sets of windows along the front facade, all of which feature beautiful and delicate Art Nouveau stained glass of stylised flowers or fruit. Impressive Art Nouveau stained glass windows can also be found around the entrance, which features the quote made quite popular at the time by Australian soprano Nellie Melba "east, west, home's best." Art Nouveau stained glass can be found in all of the principal rooms of the house; both upstairs and down. “The Gables” also features distinctive chimneys and the classic Queen Anne high pitched gable roofs with decorative barge-boards, terra-cotta tiles and ornate capping.
As a result of Federation in 1901, it was not unusual to find Australian flora and fauna celebrated in architecture. This is true of "The Gables", which features intricate plaster work and leadlight throughout the mansion showing off Australian gum leaves and flowers. "The Gables" has fifteen beautifully renovated rooms, many of which are traditionally decorated, including beautiful chandeliers, ornate restored wood and tile fireplaces, leadlight windows, parquetry flooring, sixteen foot ceilings and a sweeping staircase. The drawing room still also features the original leadlight conservatory "The Gables" boasted when it was first built.
"The Gables", set on an acre of land, still retains many of the original trees, including the original hedge and two enormous cypress trees in the front. The garden was designed by William Guilfoyle, the master landscape architect of the Royal Botanical Gardens, and "The Gables" still retains much of it original structure. It features a rose-covered gazebo, a pond and fountain, as well as the tallest Norfolk Island pine in the area, which can be seen from some of the tallest skyscrapers in the Melbourne CBD.
Henry Hardie Kemp was born in Lancashire in 1859 and designed many other fine homes around Melbourne, particularly in Kew, including his own home “Held Lawn” (1913). He also designed the APA Building in Elizabeth Street in 1889 (demolished in 1980) and the Melbourne Assembly Hall on Collins Street between 1914 and 1915. He died in Melbourne in 1946.
Beverley Ussher was born in Melbourne in 1868 and designed homes and commercial buildings around Melbourne, as well as homes in the country. He designed "Milliara" (John Whiting house) in Toorak, in 1895 (since demolished) and "Blackwood Homestead" in Western Australia. He died in 1908.
Beverley Ussher and Henry Kemp formed a partnership in 1899, which lasted until Beverley's death in 1908. Their last building design together was the Professional Chambers building in Collins Street in 1908. Both men had strong Arts and Crafts commitments, and both had been in partnerships before forming their own. The practice specialised in domestic work and their houses epitomize the Marseilles-tiled Queen Anne Federation style houses characteristic of Melbourne, and considered now to be a truly distinctive Australian genre. Their designs use red bricks, terracotta tiles and casement windows, avoid applied ornamentation and develop substantial timber details. The picturesque character of the houses results from a conscious attempt to express externally with gables, dormers, bays, roof axes, and chimneys, the functional variety of rooms within. The iconic Federation houses by Beverley Ussher and Henry Kemp did not appear until 1892-4. Then, several of those appeared in Malvern, Canterbury and Kew.
Queen Anne style was mostly a residential style inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement in England, but also encompassed some of the more stylised elements of Art Nouveau, which gave it an more decorative look. Queen Anne style was most popular around the time of Federation. With complex roofline structures and undulating facades, many Queen Anne houses fell out of fashion at the beginning of the modern era, and were demolished.
The Fleishhacker pool and pool house were built in 1924 by philanthropist Herbert Fleishhacker. The pool was the largest swimming pool in the United States. The pool held 6 million gallons of water and could accomodate 10,000 swimmers. The pool was closed in 1971 with the pool itself being paved over by the San Francisco Zoo for a new parking lot. The pool house which was used by bathers at the pool remains on its original site today in ruins.
BEYONCÉ, GREEN DAY & LADY GAGA LEAD THE WAY WITH THREE MOONMEN AT THE “2009 VIDEO MUSIC AWARDS”, JANET JACKSON & MADONNA CELEBRATE MICHAEL JACKSON
Taylor Swift Wins “Best Female Video”
While Eminem Grabs “Best Hip Hop Video”
New York, NY (September 13, 2009) –– MTV turned New York City inside out for the “ 2009 Video Music Awards ” as the network celebrated a legend and brought together the biggest names in music, TV, film and sports. Live from Radio City Music Hall, VMA icon Madonna opened the show and introduced the emotional and heartfelt tribute to Michael Jackson. Janet Jackson was joined onstage by the most renowned choreographers in the world and Michael’s tour dancers, all of whom were influenced by the “King of Pop,” for a memorable and high energy performance. To honor her brother and his illustrious career, the dancers recreated some of his most memorable music videos including “Thriller,” “Bad,” “Smooth Criminal” and “Scream.” The celebration received a standing ovation and set the tone for the most important evening in music and pop culture.
Always controversial, British comedian Russell Brand pushed the envelope as he had fun with a slew of new stars and charmed the ladies. Aerosmith’s Joe Perry and popstar Katy Perry helped Russell kick-off his hosting duties in a big way with a light infused performance of the classic rock anthem by Queen, “We Will Rock You.”
Young country-pop superstar Taylor Swift earned “Best Female Video” for “You Belong With Me” in one of the most competitive categories of the evening, causing Kanye West to storm the stage in protest of Beyoncé not winning. In a gracious act, Beyoncé later called Taylor back on stage to rightfully accept her award. Beyoncé did win an outstanding three moonmen including the coveted “Video of the Year” award for her viral video sensation “Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It).” Also landing three statues was Lady Gaga including “Best New Artist ” for her hit single “Poker Face.” Green Day made a triumphant return to the VMAs by claiming three awards including “Best Rock Video ” for “21 Guns.” Eminem walked away victorious in an extremely heated race for “Best Hip Hop Video” with “We Made You.”
Adding to her collection of moonmen and accepting her award via satellite while on tour, Britney Spears won “Best Pop Video” for “Womanizer.” After officially premiering at last year’s show, T.I. and Rihanna won “Best Male Video” for their multi-platinum song “Live Your Life.”
Eminem once again showcased his comedic chops teaming up with Tracy Morgan and featuring a cameo by Cyndi Lauper to present the “Best New Artist” nominees throughout the show.
Drawing on the musical energy and passion of New York City, MTV used the city as a backdrop to showcase the unprecedented and groundbreaking performances from today’s most popular artists. Making her first VMA performance a standout, Taylor Swift sang a never-before-heard version of her single “You Belong With Me.” Taylor fully incorporated all NYC has to offer by transitioning from a subway car to 6th Avenue surrounded by fans and ending her performance on top of a taxi cab.
Known for her over the top live performances and fashion forward style, Lady Gaga turned a childhood dream into a reality as she made her grand entrance into VMA history. During her unforgettable performance of “Paparazzi,” the international superstar gives her own interpretation on the price of fame which culminates with her levitating into the air.
Surrounded by pyro and using every corner of the VMA stage, fan favorite Green Day made an explosive return to the VMA stage by giving a high energy rock performance of their single “East Jesus Nowhere.”
Beyoncé had all of Radio City dancing to “Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It)” with her call and response to the audience as she translated her music video phenomenon to the live stage. The pop diva was backed by an army of dancers as they displayed their incomparable dance moves during her performance.
Already a household name across the pond, British rockers Muse gave a breakthrough performance expanding their fan base worldwide. The band performed their latest single “Uprising” from a live remote at the Walter Kerr Theater in the Broadway district of Manhattan in front of hundreds of screaming fans.
Determined to top herself and once again raise the bar for live performances, P!nk mastered a jaw-dropping aerial act 30 feet above the stage while performing her single “Sober.” And yes, she sang every single word of it.
Bringing the show to a climactic end, JAY-Z and Alicia Keys honored their hometown of New York as they gave a powerful performance of “Empire State of Mind.”
As the official VMA house band, hip-hop’s newest challenger Wale and the legendary go go band UCB hyped up the audience as they put their own unique spin on some of the biggest songs of the year, his own material and a few classic covers. They collaborated with a number of artists including Kid Cudi with “Day And Night,” The All-American Rejects with “Gives You Hell, ” Pitbull with “You Know You Want Me” and 3OH!3 with “Don’t Trust Me”. Kid Cudi honored DJ AM during his performance of “Make Her Say.”
The star studded show also included appearances by Megan Fox, Jimmy Fallon, Jennifer Lopez, Shakira, Jack Black, Andy Samberg, Kristin Cavallari, Pete Wentz, Gerard Butler, Diddy, Tracy Morgan, Adam Brody, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Alexa Chung, Gabe Saporta of Cobra Starship and Justin Bieber, Ne-Yo , Nelly Furtado , Robert Pattinson , Kristen Stewart , Taylor Lautner , Chace Crawford , Leighton Meester , Miranda Cosgrove and Serena Williams.
The MTV audience was treated to exclusive first looks at fall’s most anticipated films and soundtracks including Michael Jackson's THIS IS IT and The Twilight Saga: New Moon trailers during the show. Viewers were also given a sneak peek at the latest trailer from the upcoming movie Fame during MTV News’ “2009 VMA Preshow.”
2009 MTV VIDEO MUSIC AWARDS WINNERS
GENERAL CATEGORIES:
VIDEO OF THE YEAR
Beyoncé
Title: Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It)
Album: I AM…SASHA FIERCE
Director: Jake Nava
Label: Music World Music/Columbia
Production Company: Anonymous Content
Producer: John Winter
BEST NEW ARTIST
Lady Gaga
Title: Poker Face
Album: The Fame
Director: Ray Kay
Label: Streamline/KonLive/Cherrytree/Interscope
Production Company: Rockhard Films
Producer: Jil Hardin/ Nicole Ehrich
BEST MALE VIDEO
T.I. featuring Rihanna
Title: Live Your Life
Album: Paper Trail
Director: Anthony Mandler
Label: Atlantic Reords
Production Company: Les Enfants Terribles
Producer: Gina Leonard
BEST FEMALE VIDEO
Taylor Swift
Title: You Belong With Me
Album: Fearless
Director: Roman White
Label: Big Machine Records
Production Company: Revolution Pictures
Producer: Randy Brewer
BEST HIP HOP VIDEO
Eminem
Title: We Made You
Album: Relapse
Director: Joseph Kahn
Label: Aftermath/Interscope
Production Company: HSI Productions
Producer: Mary Ann Tanedo
BEST POP VIDEO
Britney Spears
Title: Womanizer
Album: Circus
Director: Joseph Kahn
Label: Jive/Zomba Label Group
Production Company: HSI Productions
Producer: Mary Ann Tanedo
BEST ROCK VIDEO
Green Day
Title: 21 Guns
Album: 21st Century Breakdown
Director: Marc Webb
Label: Reprise Records
Production Company: DNA Inc
Producer: Michael Angelos
PROFESSIONAL CATEGORIES:
BEST CHOREOGRAPHY
Beyoncé
Title: Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It)
Album: I AM…SASHA FIERCE
Director: Jake Nava
Label: Music World Music/Columbia
Production Company: Anonymous Content
Producer: John Winter
Choreographer: Jaquel Knight & Frank Gatson Jr.
BEST DIRECTION
Green Day
Title: 21 Guns
Album: 21st Century Breakdown
Director: Marc Webb
Label: Reprise Records
Production Company: DNA Inc
Producer: Michael Angelos
BEST EDITING
Beyoncé
Title: Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It)
Album I AM…SASHA FIERCE
Director: Jake Nava
Label: Music World Music/Columbia
Production Company: Anonymous Content
Producer: John Winter
Editor: Jarrett Fijal
BEST SPECIAL EFFECTS
Lady Gaga
Title: Paparazzi
Album: The Fame
Director: Jonas Akerlund
Label: Streamline/KonLive/Cherrytree/Interscope
Production Company: Factory Films Ltd.
Producer: Steven Johnson/Nicole Ehrich
BEST CINEMATOGRAPHY
Green Day
Title: 21 Guns
Album: 21st Century Breakdown
Director: Marc Webb
Label: Reprise Records
Production Company: DNA Inc
Producer: Michael Angelos
Cinematographer: Jonathan Sela
BEST ART DIRECTION
Lady Gaga
Title: Paparazzi
Album: The Fame
Director: Jonas Akerlund
Label: Streamline/KonLive/Cherrytree/Interscope
Production Company: Factory Features
Producer: Steven Johnson/Nicole Ehrich
Art Director: Jason Hamilton
ONLINE CATEGORIES:
BREAKTHROUGH VIDEO
Matt & Kim
Title: Lessons Learned
Album: Grand
Director: Taylor Cohen & Otto Arsenault
Label: Fader
Production Company: FVNMO
Producer: Taylor Cohen, Otto Arsenault
BEST VIDEO (THAT SHOULD HAVE WON A MOONMAN)
Beastie Boys
Title: Sabotage
Album: III Communication
Director: Spike Jonze
Label: Grand Royal/Capitol Records
Shugoll Research and Telescope are the Official Business Advisors of the “2009 MTV Video Music Awards” Nominee and Winner Voting periods.
Jesse Ignjatovic/Den of Thieves is the Executive Producer for the “2009 MTV Video Music Awards.” Dave Sirulnick is Executive Producer. Garrett English is co-Executive Producer/Executive in Charge of Production. Amy Doyle is co-Executive Producer. Joanna Bomberg is Executive in Charge of Music and Talent. Jen Jones is Producer. Hamish Hamilton is Director. Robin Reinhardt-Locke is Celebrity Talent Executive.
Official sponsors of the “2009 MTV Video Music Awards” are 5 ® Gum, Febreze, Pepsi, Rhapsody ®, Sears, Taco Bell ®, U.S. Army and Verizon Wireless.
The “2009 MTV Video Music Awards” will be available to a potential viewing audience of more than 1.2 billion people via MTV’s global network of 68 channels reaching 577 million households around the world as well as through syndication. In addition, its convergent programming & content will reach the entire interactive community, via MTV’s more than 200 digital media properties around the world.
Two names you go by:
1. Enriqueta
2. Master
Two things you are wearing right now:
1. MY Dr Martens that I finally got that weirdo of Dolores to take off..
2. some old rags that mother made me wear today. Sigh.
Two things you want right now very badly:
1. my busy bee rider bike! vroom! vroom!
2. new clothes, of course.
Last two people you talked to on the phone:
1. my friend Toni in NJ. We talked for hours! But mom just grounded me for that, she said next time we have to use Skype or something.
2. (I guess she doesn't know I was on the phone with all my Ebony relatives from all over the world... You think she will freak when she finds out?)
Two things you did last night:
1. Ate some potato chips and watched my fave show on tv.
2. Then I played with Peter, the dog. But I can't find him now... have you seem him?
Two things you are doing tomorrow:
1. I am going to keep stalking ebay for that cool biker jacket I saw on some dumb new girl..
2. maybe talk on the phone a little more? :) kidding, mom!
Two favorite drinks:
1. Peruvian lemonade! (Suedehead: fyi, she means pisco sour, and no, she's not allowed to drink it)
2. coffee! the espresso kind, not that other stuff some people drink .. ew.
Two random facts:
1. I was here first and I am entitled to all privileges. That's how I greet my new sisters.
2. I am going to get a tattoo :)
Suedehead: no, she's not! >:(
Card Visit Giau's Shop là một thiết kế mang phong cách hoàng gia, nhưng cũng không kém phần trẻ trung tinh nghịch như chính những sản phẩm mà Shop thời trang này bán ra. Bạn có muốn sở hữu một tấm danh thiếp dễ thương như thế này ko?
Thực hiện bởi AiO Studio.
Y!M: AiO.Studio
Website: www.aiostudio.com
....................................
AiO Studio cung cấp những giải pháp mới thay thế cho dịch vụ thiết kế & in ấn thông thường đã bị nhàm chán. Đột phá, sáng tạo, và chuyên nghiệp hơn.
Đến với AiO để trải nghiệm sự mới mẻ và độc đáo nhất với:
Mini Logo | Mác ghi giá | Danh thiếp Mini | Danh thiếp đặc biệt
....................................
Hãy thêm vào danh sách yêu thích nếu bạn thích mẫu thiết kế này.
Thank you!
Name Unknown - I can never remember the name of these beautiful structures despite photographing them and captioning them in the past. Sorry!
Marathoners: First Name: C & D
The following is a list of Ottawa, Gatineau and area marathoners who have first names starting with a C or D.
The names link to Sportstats' running statistics, as well as race pictures.
Marathon pictures are available for sale from ASI Photos., Zoom Photo, etc.
(in order by first name)
175….Cal Martell….Ottawa
176….Cal Mitchell….Ottawa
177….Caleb Netting….Ottawa
178….Camille West….Ottawa
179….Carl Lacroix….Rockland
180….Carl Puskas….Gloucester
181….Carole Barabe….Orleans
182….Carole Gagnon….Orleans
183….Carole Perkins….Kemptville
184….Carolyn Botting….Ottawa
185….Carolyn Denyer-Perkins….Ottawa
186….Carolyn Leckie….Ottawa
187….Carolyn Tapp….Ottawa
188….Carolyne Dube….Gatineau
189….Casey Cerson….Ottawa
190….Cassandra Chouinard….Ottawa
191….Catherine Dabee….Stittsville
192….Catherine Henry….Ottawa
193….Catherine Milley….Ottawa
194….Catherine Rivard….Ottawa
195….Cathie Radley….Stittsville
196….Cathy James….Perth
197….Cathy Mckinnon….Ottawa
198….Cathy Pacella….Ottawa
199….Cathy Takahashi….Ottawa
200….Cayman Rock….Ottawa
201….Cecilia Jorgenson….Kanata
202….Celine Couture….Gatineau
203….Chad Humeniuk….Ottawa
204….Chanchoura Schmoll….Nepean
205….Chantal Campbell….Ottawa
206….Chantal Paquet….Gatineau
207….Chantal Pilon….Ottawa
208….Chantal Roy….Gatineau
209….Chantale Charbonneau….Orleans
210….Chantelle Woods….Nepean
211….Charles Bruce….Manotick
212….Charles Carriere….Rockland
213….Charles Colwell….Kinburn
214….Charles Filion….Gatineau
215….Charles Johnson….Ottawa
216….Charles Momy….Orleans
217….Charles Pryce….Ottawa
218….Chelsea Howard….Ottawa
219….Cheney Glenn….Ottawa
220….Cheryl Mason….Ottawa
221….Chris Bartholomew….Ottawa
222….Chris Fenwick….Ottawa
223….Chris Galley….Ottawa
224….Chris Jermyn….Ottawa
225….Chris Jones….Ottawa
226….Chris Leger….Stittsville
227….Chris Loder….Carleton Place
228….Chris Morrison….Orleans
229….Chris Murawsky….Kanata
230….Chris Snow….Ottawa
231….Chris Steele….Ottawa
232….Chris Van Norman….Nepean
233….Chris Warren….Ottawa
234….Christe Desgranges-Farquh….Ottawa
235….Christian Brunet….Ottawa
236….Christian Cattan….Ottawa
237….Christian Jacques….Gatineau
238….Christian Lavoie….Ottawa
239….Christian Renaud….Gatineau
240….Christian Roy….Pembroke
241….Christian Vezina….Gatineau
242….Christine Geraghty….Ottawa
243….Christine Jerumanis….Woodlawn
244….Christine Strucchelli….Ottawa
245….Christine Turmaine….Ottawa
246….Christopher Bredeson….Nepean
247….Christopher Daniel….Gatineau
248….Christopher Edwards….Ottawa
249….Christopher Kelly….Ottawa
250….Christopher MacKay….Ottawa
251….Christopher Mah….Ottawa
252….Christopher Murray….Ottawa
253….Christopher Paine….Ottawa
254….Christopher Reid….Ottawa
255….Christopher Ryan….Perth
256….Christopher Yule….Ottawa
257….Cindy Chung….Ottawa
258….Cinthia Lepine….Gatineau
259….Clarence Malenfant….Orleans
260….Claude Béland….Ottawa
261….Claude Brault….Gloucester
262….Claude Ferland….Ottawa
263….Claude Motard….Chelsea
264….Claude Papineau….Ottawa
265….Claude Tardif….Ottawa
266….Claudia McSmythurs….Kanata
267….Clay Rob….Ottawa
268….Clifford Jones-Dube….Ottawa
269….Colin Marvin….Ottawa
270….Colin McFarlane….Ottawa
271….Colleen Bastien….Ottawa
272….Colleen Bigelow….Ottawa
273….Colleen Bird….Nepean
274….Colleen Daly….Ottawa
275….Colleen M. Berry….Renfrew
276….Colleen McCutcheon….Ottawa
277….Constance Palubiskie….Arnprior
278….Corey Wilson….Nepean
279….Corinne Lalonde….Almonte
280….Cory Van Hoof….Ottawa
281….Costas Farassoglou….Gloucester
282….Craig Beckett….Gatineau
283….Craig Crawley….Ottawa
284….Craig Forcese….Ottawa
285….Craig Kowalik….Ottawa
286….Craig Lynch….Nepean
287….Craig Lyons….Kanata
288….Craig Taylor….Ottawa
289….Crystal Shreve….Ottawa
290….Crystal Thompson….Kanata
291….Curtis Wiebe….Eganville
292….D. Fabrice Kagame….Gatineau
293….Dale Costello….Stittsville
294….Dale Gladwin….Maitland
295….Dale Joynt….Almonte
296….Dale Richardson….Kemptville
297….Dale Sandy….Ottawa
298….Damien Boyle….Ottawa
299….Dan Carnrite….Ottawa
300….Dan Howes….Ottawa
301….Dan Kelly….Kanata
302….Dan Macdonald….Orleans
303….Dan St-Arnaud….Ottawa
304….Dana Lee….Nepean
305….Daniel Anderson….Ottawa
306….Daniel Farris….Stittsville
307….Daniel Gauthier….Ottawa
308….Daniel Genet….Gatineau
309….Daniel Mercer….Gatineau
310….Daniel Olson….Chelsea
311….Daniel Reifler….Ottawa
312….Daren Kelland….Ottawa
313….Darlene Joyce….Ottawa
314….Darrell De Grandmont….Gatineau
315….Darren Gilmour….Ottawa
316….Darren Johnston….Stittsville
317….Darryl Cathcart….Petawawa
318….Daryl Howes….Ottawa
319….Dave Crawford….Orleans
320….Dave Goods….Ottawa
321….Dave Jenniss….Gatineau
322….Dave Jones….Kanata
323….Dave King….Orleans
324….Dave Marcotte….Ottawa
325….Dave McMahon….Chelsea
326….Dave Rayner….Chelsea
327….Dave Silvester….Ottawa
328….David Adderley….Ottawa
329….David Antonyshyn….Ottawa
330….David Barkley….Stittsville
331….David Bedard….Ottawa
332….David Bergeron….Ottawa
333….David Dawson….Ottawa
334….David Daze….Nepean
335….David De Almeida….Ottawa
336….David Duchesne….Ottawa
337….David Fobert….Ottawa
338….David Follows….Ottawa
339….David Hartholt….Stittsville
340….David Hunter….Ottawa
341….David Innes….Ottawa
342….David King….Orleans
343….David McCaw….Ottawa
344….David McClintock….Ottawa
345….David Michaud….Aylmer
346….David Moon….Arnprior
347….David Morgan….Ottawa
348….David Nogas….Ottawa
349….David Perry….Ottawa
350….David Rain….Ottawa
351….David Sloan….Kanata
352….David Tappin….Ottawa
353….David Tischhauser….Orleans
354….David Toomey….Ottawa
355….Dawn Carruthers….Richmond
356….Dawn Lomer….Ottawa
357….Dawn Montgomery….Ottawa
358….Dean Belway….Ottawa
359….Deborah Yu….Ottawa
360….Debra Ducharme….Ottawa
361….Denis Binette….Ottawa
362….Denis Gratton….Ottawa
363….Denise Morin….Stittsville
364….Dennene Huntley….Ottawa
365….Dennis Benoit….Ottawa
366….Dennis Smith….Ottawa
367….Dennis Toews….Ottawa
368….Dennis Waite….Ottawa
369….Derek Crabbe….Petawawa
370….Derek Dean….Greely
371….Derek Schroeder….Ottawa
372….Derek Spriet….Ottawa
373….Derrick Baldwin….Kanata
374….Derrick Pockiak….Ottawa
375….Diana Babor….Ottawa
376….Diana Devine….Ottawa
377….Diane Mensah….Nepean
378….Diane Robertson….Ottawa
379….Diego Tremblay….Ottawa
380….Dmitry Kabrelyan….Manotick
381….Don Harrison….Ottawa
382….Don Lavictoire….Orleans
383….Donald Drysdale….Ottawa
384….Doreen Lipovski….Ottawa
385….Doug Bowers….Carleton Place
386….Doug Eagle….Ottawa
387….Duaine Simms….Ottawa
388….Dustin Beach….Ottawa
389….Dwight McDougall….Kanata
Name: Mineral
Designer: Uniya Filonova
Units: 30
Paper: 7*6 sm (2:sqrt 3 ratio)
Final height: ~ 10 cm
Joint: no glue
доработанный вариант этой модели www.flickr.com/photos/79348234@N06/8046047172/
Over the years, Frances and I have saved our names from credit cards and other plastic cards we've destroyed due to being expired.
Next to Vatican City
Un tram en Piazza del Risorgimento Roma It
Leica M7/Fuji Velvia
All rights reserved - Copyright © Henri Hirschfeld
All images are exclusive property and may not be copied, downloaded, reproduced, transmitted, manipulated or used in any way without expressed, written permission of the photographer.
Free download under CC Attribution ( CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: www.rawpixel.com/category/public_domain
I like Bridge, I like the name, even if the bridge over the Nailbourne takes some finding.
Again, the main road between Dover and London used to pass through the village, but the A2 now curves pass it, so the long main street is quiet, if jammed with parked cars. It is also blessed with two good pubs and a fine country butcher.
St Peter stands on the hill to the east of the town, as the old road heads up to the downs on its way to the coast.
St Peter was Vicotianised, but the work did preserve much of what was old including a trimpium and a oddly truncated tomb where the middle section of the body is missing.
Windows seems to be in threes, echoing the Holy Trinity I guess, and the church has a fine rose window in the south chapel.
------------------------------------------
LOCATION: Situated on Upper Chalk (just above the Nailbourne floodplain) at about 90 feet above O.D. with the main Roman road to Dover immediately to the north-east. Bridge Place is about a ¼ mile to the south-west, and its mother-church of Patrixbourne is about ¾ miles to the north-east. Canterbury is just under 3 miles to the north-west.
DESCRIPTION: Unfortunately the church was disastrously over-restored in 1859 by Scott (John Newman, B.O.E. (N.E. and Kent 3rd ed. 1983), 159, says it was 'done with grotesque insensitivity'). However, with the help of Glynne's description (of 1846), and various early 19th century views, as well as the few surviving medieval features, it is possible to work out something of the architectural history. Externally it has been completely refaced with heavy knapped flint, and Bathstone dressings, but the core of all the main walls, except the Vestry on the north-east and the tower stair-turret must be medieval. The west end of the north aisle also appears to have been extended westwards in 1859.
There had been an earlier small-scale repewing in 1836, followed by a restoration by Scott in 1857. The complete rebuilding took place in 1859-60, with most of the money coming from Mrs Gregory of Bridge Hill.
From the surviving remains, there is no doubt that the nave, chancel, south aisle and tower-base all date from the 12th century. It is also possible that the nave itself dates from the late 11th century, but there is no visible evidence for this. The west doorway to the nave is of a mid- to later 12th century date, and unlike virtually everything else on the outside of the church was not totally renewed in 1859. There is a decorated round-headed archway with water-leaf capitals, and much original Caenstone survives. The internal north jamb to the doorway is also mostly of original diagonally-tooled Caenstone blocks. On the north-east side of the chancel is a round-headed (c. mid-12th century) window, which was unblocked in 1859. Glynne in 1846 refers to two 'closed' windows on the north side of the chancel, and 'on the south a fine doorway and two windows, now closed; the former has fine chevron mouldings'. This doorway was reset on the east side of the north-east vestry in 1859, but its fine chevroned arch, over scalloped capitals, is still visible as an entrance to the vestry lobby. The south aisle and south-west tower seem to have been added in the later 12th century. The arcade had already gone by 1846, but part of a respond (with nook-shafts) still survives at the extreme east end. Just beyond this, in the east wall, a fragment of the north jamb of a 12th century window survives. This south aisle had a low southwall until 1859, and its steep-pitched roof continued the line of the main nave roof. The tower at the west end of this aisle has 1859 round-headed arches, on the north and east in a 'decorated Romanesque' style (? designed by Scott). Glynne tells us that originally they were 'very rude semicircular arches'. The south and east windows into the ground floor of the tower may be based on earlier 12th century ones.
During the earlier 13th century, a north transept chapel and north aisle were added. Glynne tells us that 'the north aisle is very low and narrow, divided from the nave by three rude pointed arches with large wall piers having no capitals or impost mouldings'. The pointed arches survive, though a fourth has been added on the west, as well as three extraordinary double piers. The eastern respond is mostly original, however, with bar-stopped chamfers. Another original arch (with bar-stopped chamfers) divides the north aisle from the north-east transept chapel. Glynne also says that there was a lancet at the west end of this aisle. The north-east chapel still has a pair of original lancets on the north (restored externally), and earlier there was apparently a hagioscope from this chapel into the chancel. The upper stage of the tower may be 13th century.
The one later medieval feature that survives is the 3-light early perpendicular window in the west wall of the nave. This too still contains quite a lot of original masonry, and may date from the late 14th century. The 2-light east window, now rebuilt, was probably early 14th century ('poor Middle Pointed' according to Glynne). The early 19th century views show a pair of two-light late perpendicular windows with square hoods on the south side of the chancel.
The chancel still contains some early 16th century fittings, and a roodloft was documented as being made in 1522 (see below). On the north side of the sanctuary are two low rectangular niches which contain the two halves of the effigy for Macobus Kasey (ob. 1512). Above and just to the west of this is some relief sculpture (also ? early 16th century) in a tympanum panel. Was this set originally inside a 12th century doorway? Above this is an early 17th century painting of Robert Bargrave (ob. 1649). On the chancel south wall (at the west end) are fragments of a relief memorial to a vicar, Malcolm Ramsey (ob. 1538). He was vicar of Patrixbourne and Bridge for 44 years. These include part of an inscription.
The tower appears to have been given brick south-east and south-west buttresses in the 17th or 18th century. These were removed in 1859 when a south-east stair-turret was added to the tower. This was apparently restored in 1891.
BUILDING MATERIALS: (Incl. old plaster, paintings, glass, tiles etc.): Virtually the whole of the church has Bathstone dressings, with heavy knapped flint on the exterior. Some 12th century and later Caenstone does, however, survive.
EXCEPTIONAL MONUMENTS IN CHURCH: - see above
CHURCHYARD AND ENVIRONS:
Size, Shape: Large Rectangular area around with church, but with the north-east side cut off by the main (Roman) road to Dover (Bridge Hill). Large new extension to the south - ? Late 19th century.
Condition: Good
Apparent extent of burial: Burial in churchyard from at least 1474.
Boundary walls: To road on north-east, with gateway with brick piers and iron arch.
Ecological potential: ? Yes - many fastigiate yews (and other trees) in southern part of churchyard.
HISTORICAL RECORD (where known):
Earliest ref. to church: 13th century.
Late med. status: Vicarage (with Patrixbourne).
Patron: Goes with Patrixbourne church to which it was a chapel. After the Reformation, the patron was the owner of nearby Bifrons.
Other documentary sources: Hasted IX (1800), 289-290. Test. Cant. (E. Kent, 1907), 35-6 mentions the Holy Cross (Rood) light, as well as lights of Our Lady, St. Nicholas, St. Erasmus, the Trinity, St. Loye, St. Trunion, as well as St. Peter (? in the chancel). The Eastern Sepulchre mentioned in 1535, and 'the painting of the High Cross in the Roodloft in 1504 - also 'to the making of the Roodloft, 1522'.
SURVIVAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS:
Inside present church: ? Good, except under east end of south aisle, where there is a sunken boiler house.
Outside present church: Good, but perhaps disturbed by the 1859 refacing and rebuilding.
Quinquennial inspection (date\architect): MAY 1993 A. CLAGUE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT:
The church and churchyard: A 12th century nave, chancel, south aisle and south-west tower base, with an added earlier 13th century north aisle and north-east transept chapel, which was very heavily restored and refaced externally in 1859-60.
The wider context: One of a group of medieval parish churches, which was technically only a chapel-of-ease (to Patrixbourne, in this case).
REFERENCES: For the vicars, see W.A. Scott Roberton 'Patricksbourne church, and Bifrons' Arch. Cant. 14 (1882), 169-184. (A list of vicars, by T.S. Frampton (1900) is on the S.W. side of the nave). S.R. Glynne Churches of Kent (1877), 131-2 (he visited in 1846).
Plans and early drawings: Petrie view from S.W. in 1807, and views from S.W. and S. in 1828 in Victoria and Albert Museum. Also view of church from S.W. in oil (? early 19th cent.) and Watercolour of church from S.E. (June 1869) in the vestry and plan of graveyard (new part) in 1942 (also in vestry).
DATE VISITED: 21st February 1994 REPORT BY: Tim Tatton-Brown
www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/01/03/BRI.htm
-----------------------------------------
BRIDGE
LIES the next adjoining parish to Patrixborne southward, being written in old deeds, Bregge, and taking its name from the bridge, which was antiently over the stream which crosses it. This parish was in early times so considerable, as to give name both to the hundred and deanry in which it is situated.
IT IS SITUATED about two miles and an half eastward of Canterbury, on the high Dover road, formerly the Roman Watling-street way, which appears high and entire almost throughout it; in the valley on this road stands the village of Bridge, with the church and vicarage in it, a low moist situation, the bourn or stream of the Little Stour crossing it under a stone bridge, built a few years ago by the contributions of the neighbouring gentlemen. At a small distance southward is Bridge place, now inhabited by lady Yates, widow of the late judge Yates, and of Dr. Thomas, late bishop of Rochester. The hills, form which there is a most pleasing prospect, are wholly chalk, as are in general the other upland parts of it, towards the south especially, where the country is very barren, with heathy ground and woodland, and much covered with stones. In this part of the parish is Gosley wood, once belonging to St. Augustine's monastery, afterwards granted to Thomas Colepeper, esq. It belongs now to Mr. Beckingham.
The MANOR OF BLACKMANSBURY, alias BRIDGE, claims over the greatest part of it, and the manor of Patrixborne over that part of this parish on the north side of the Dover road. There are two boroughs in it, viz. of Blackmansbury and of Bridge.
The MANOR OF BLACKMANSBURY, alias BRIDGE, was parcel of the possessions of the abbey of St. Augustine, belonging to the sacristie, as appears by the registers of it, in which frequent mention is made of this manor, with the free tenants belonging to it, in Honpit, Rede, and Blackmansbury. In which state this manor continued till the suppression of the abbey in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it came into the king's hands, (fn. 1) where it remained till the 36th year of that reign, when this manor, with divers lands in Houndpit and Blackmanbury, was granted to Henry Laurence, to hold in capite by knight's service, and he that year held a court here; and in his descendants it continued till the 18th of queen Elizabeth's reign, when it was alienated by fine levied, by John Laurence, to William Partherich, esq. whose arms were, Vaire, argent and sable, on a chief of the second, three roses of the first. His grandson Sir Edward Partherich, of this place, passed it away in 1638 to Sir Arnold Braems, descended of a family originally out of Flanders, where his ancestors were opulent merchants. Jacob Braems, his ancestor, was of Dover, merchant, and built the great house now the Custom house there, where he resided. Sir Arnold Braems above-mentioned, bore for his arms, Sable, on a chief, argent, a demi lion Tampant, gules. He built a spacious and magnificent mansion on the scite of the antient court-lodge here, which he named BRIDGE-PLACE, in which he afterwards resided, as did his son Walter Braems, esq. till his death in 1692; but the great cost of building this seat so impoverished the estate, that his heirs, about the year 1704, were obliged to part with it, which they did by sale to John Taylor, esq. of Bisrons, who soon afterwards pulled down the greatest part of this mansion, leaving only one wing of it standing, the size and stateliness of which being of itself full sufficient for a gentleman's residence, cannot but give an idea of the grandeur of the whole building when entire. He died in 1729, since which this manor and seat has continued in his descendants, in like manner as Bisrons abovedescribed, down to his great-grandson Edward Taylor, esq. the present possessor of them. There is not any court held for this manor.
BEREACRE, now called Greatand Little Barakers is another manor in this parish, which in the 21st year of king Edward I. was in the possession of Walter de Kancia, as appears by an inquisition taken that year, at his decease; not long after which it has passed into a family of its own name. After this name was become extinct here, it came into the possession of the Litchfields, who owned much land about Eastry, Tilmanstone, and Betshanger, and in this name it continued till the 22d year of Edward IV. and then Roger Litchfield passed it away to Richard Haut, whose only daughter and heir Margery carried it in marriage to William Isaac, esq. of Patrixborne, from whose descendant Edward Isaac, about the latter end of king Henry VIII. it was sold to Petyt and Weekes, who joined in the sale of it to Naylor, of Renville, from which name it was alienated to Smith and Watkins; after which it was conveyed by sale to John Taylor, esq. of Bisrons, in whose descendants it has continued down to Edward Taylor, esq. the present owner of it.
Charities.
SIR HENRY PALMER, of Bekesborne, by will in 1611, gave 10s. to be yearly paid out of his manor of Well-court, towards the relief of the poor of it.
The poor constantly relieved are about eighteen, casually the same.
BRIDGE is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter, consists of three isles, a high chancel, and a north sept or chancel in the middle of the north isle. It has a spire steeple at the south-east corner, in which are three bells. In the high chancel, within the altar-rails, is a monument for Jane, second daughter of Walter Harslete, of Bekesborne, first wife of Sir Arnold Braems, ob 1635, and lies buried in St. Mary's church, in Dover; and for Elizabeth, (second daughter of Sir Dudley Diggs) his second wife, obt. 1645, and lies in the middle of this chancel. Against the north wall is a painted portrait of Robert Bargrave, gent. of Bridge, obt. 1649. Under a circular arch in the same wall are two rows of small imagery, carved in stone, the uppermost repre santing God the Father, with several figures on each side; the lower one, figures taken from the history of the Old Testament. Underneath these, in the hollow of the wall, is the figure of a man lying at full length, in robes, with his two hands joined and uplifted, having on his head seemingly a full perriwig. A memorial for John Hardy, esq. of Bridge-place, obt. 1779. On the east side of the south window is a hollow in the wall, and under it an inscription for Macobus Kasey, vicar of Patrixborne, obt. m.v.c.i.xii. and of his being vicar there xxi years. On the opposite side of the window is carved the figure of a scull, with a snake entering in at one eye, and the end of it out at the other, and a hand with a finger pointing up to it, as if it had been the cause of the person's death, and several bones are interspersed about it. The north chancel is made use of for a school, by voluntary contributions. On the south side of the chancel is a circular arched door-way, with Saxon ornaments. In the register are many entries, from the year 1580 to 1660, of the family of Bargrave, alias Bargar, residents in this parish, and one for Thomas, son of John Cheney, gent. who died in 1620.
The church of Bridge, which is a vicarage, was always esteemed as a chapel to the church of Patrixborne, and as such is included in the valuation of that vicarage in the king's books, the vicar of which is instituted and inducted into that vicarage, with the chapel of Bridge annexed to it. (fn. 2)
The parsonage of this parish therefore, as an appendage to that of Patrixborne, is the property of Edward Taylor, esq. of Bifrons. In 1588 here were eightynine communicants, in 1640 one hundred and twenty.
"My father’s family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.
I give Pirrip as my father’s family name, on the authority of his tombstone and my sister — Mrs. Joe Gargery, who married the blacksmith. As I never saw my father or my mother, and never saw any likeness of either of them (for their days were long before the days of photographs), my first fancies regarding what they were like, were unreasonably derived from their tombstones. The shape of the letters on my father’s, gave me an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair. From the character and turn of the inscription, “Also Georgiana Wife of the Above,” I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly. To five little stone lozenges, each about a foot and a half long, which were arranged in a neat row beside their grave, and were sacred to the memory of five little brothers of mine — who gave up trying to get a living, exceedingly early in that universal struggle — I am indebted for a belief I religiously entertained that they had all been born on their backs with their hands in their trousers—pockets, and had never taken them out in this state of existence.
Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles of the sea. My first most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things, seems to me to have been gained on a memorable raw afternoon towards evening. At such a time I found out for certain, that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard; and that Philip Pirrip, late of this parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above, were dead and buried; and that Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias, and Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were also dead and buried; and that the dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes; and that the low leaden line beyond, was the river; and that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing, was the sea; and that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip."
So opens Great Expectations. And it is this very churchyard, although at night, and misty that those first lines were set. In the next paragraph, the criminal, Magwitch, appears.
St Mary now lies at the end of a dead end lane, leading out towards the banks of the nearby River Thames, with the freight only line to Grain passing a field length's away. In short, you don't pass this way by accident, and will be lucky to find it, as some of the locals have been spinning the road signs round.
It is yet another wonderful bright winters day here in The Garden of England, and I was out here with Jools re-doing some shots I had messed up last time was here, and anyway, on that day the church was full of scarecrows for a festival.
As we were the first ones here today, the ancient carved door was closed, so we eased it open and went inside.
--------------------------------------------
Difficult to find, but more than worth the effort. It consists of a Norman nave and chancel to which a south aisle and chapel were added in the mid-fourteenth century. The aisle and chapel are now laid out as the main nave and chancel. The exterior has wonderful striped walls, like a smaller version of nearby Cliffe, whilst the fourteenth-century south door is the highly carved original. Inside the contemporary pulpit is one of the earliest in the county with six carved traceried panels. Behind it is a fifteenth-century rood screen, which, despite the loss of its loft, is a surprising survival. In the north-east corner of the Lady Chapel is a table tomb whose top is made up from the original stone altar slab, or mensa, with its five consecration crosses showing prominently. In the south wall of the same chapel is a medieval aumbry with its original hinged door. The stained glass is all nineteenth and twentieth century - the excellent south chancel window showing the Agony in the Garden is dated 1863 unfortunately by an unidentified artist. Of the same date is the tortoise stove in the north aisle, which displays on its lid the motto 'Slow but sure combustion'. The church is excellently maintained by The Churches Conservation Trust - the congregation worshipping in a replacement church in the village, built in 1860 by E.W. Stephens of Maidstone.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Higham+1
-----------------------------------------------
THE next parish northward from Merston is HIGHAM, which in antient records is variously written Hecham, Hegham, and Heabham.
It was from the reign of king Stephen till about the reign of king Edward III. frequently called Lillechurch, alias Higham; the former of which names it took from a manor or ville in this parish, where a priory was built, but in later times it seems to have been called by its former name of Higham only, that of Lillechurch being entirely omitted.
THIS PARISH is situated on the north side of the London high road, nearly opposite to Shorne. It lies low adjoining to the marshes, the river Thames being its northern boundary, of course the air is very unhealthy, and much subject to intermittents, a satality which attends in general all those parishes, which lie on the north side of the high London road as far as Canterbury, and thence again to the uplands of the Isle of Thanet. Higham is about four miles in extent from north-west to south-east, and but little more than a mile in breadth. The surface is slat, and the soil in general very fertile, excepting towards the eastern part of it, where it is high ground and light land. The village and church stand close to, and entirely exposed to the marshes, which comprehend nearly one half of the parish. The nunnery, now called the Abbey, was situated not far from the east end of the church, where the farm-house, of which the sides and back part are built of stone, with windows of a gothic orm, discovers marks of some antiquity, and seems to have been a part of the abbey, but it is supposed to have been only a part of some of the offices, (fn. 1) there being in the field on the south side many appearances of foundations, and contiguous to the farm-yard there remains some part of the thick stone wall covered with ivy, being the inclosure of the abbey, and was carried quite round the yard. About a mile from the church, near the road to Cliff, is Lillechurch-house, where the priory or abbey of Higham, as it is now called, is supposed to have been first erected; behind the garden of which, in a field called Church-place, many human bones have been found. At the east end of the parish, in the road from Frindsbury to Cliff, is the estate of Mockbeggar, and on the submit of the hill southward, The mansion of Hermitage, below which, in the flat country, at an equal distance from the church, is the manor and hamlet of Higham-ridgeway, a name plainly derived from the antient causeway through it, leading towards the river. Plautius, the Roman general, under the emperor Claudius, in the year of Christ, 43, is said to have passed the river Thames from Essex into Kent, near the mouth of it, with his army, in pursuit of the flying Britons, who being acquainted with the firm and fordable places of the river, passed it easily. (fn. 2) This passage is considered to have been from East Tilbury, in Essex, across the river to Higham. (fn. 3) Between these places there was a ferry on the river for many ages after, the method of intercourse between the two counties of Kent and Essex for all these parts, and it continued so till the dissolution of the abbey here; before which time, Higham was likewise the place for shipping and unshipping corn and goods in great quantities from this part of the county to and from London and elsewhere. The probability of this having been a frequented ford or passage in the time of the Romans, is strengthened by the visible remains of the raised causeway, or road, near thirty feet wide, leading from the Thames side through the marshes by Higham, southward to this ridgeway before-mentioned, and thence across the London high road on Gads-hill to Shorne ridgeway, about half a mile beyond which it joins the Roman Watling-street-road, near the entrance into Cobham park.
In the pleas of the crown in the 21st year of king Edward I. the prioress of the nunnery of Higham was found liable to maintain a bridge and causeway that led from Higham down to the river Thames, in order to give the better and easter passage to such as would ferry from hence over into Essex.
This parish, among others in this neighbourhood, was antiently bound to contribute to the repair of the ninth pier of Rochester bridge, as the manor of Okely was to the fourth pier of it. (fn. 4)
In queen Elizabeth's reign there was a fort or bulwark at Higham for the defence of the river Thames, under the direction of a captain, soldiers, &c. (fn. 5)
HIGHAM was part of the possessions with which William the Conqueror enriched his half-brother, Odo, bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, under the general title of whose lands, it is thus entered in the book of Domesday, taken in the year 1080.
The same Adam holds Hecham of the bishop (of Baieux). It was taxed at 5 sulings. The arable land is 12 carucates. In demesne there are 3 carucates, and 24 villeins, with 12 borderers having 6 carucates and an half. There are 20 servants, and 30 acres of meadow. There is a church, and 1 mill of 10 shillings, and a fishery of 3 shillings, and in Exesle pasture for 200 sheep. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, it was worth 12 pounds, and afterwards 6 pounds, now 15 pounds.
In the time of king Edward, Goduin, the son of Carli and Toli, held this land for two manors.
These were the two manors of Higham and Lillechurch, which on the disgrace of bishop Odo, about four years afterwards, were with the rest of his estates, consiscated to the crown, where they remained till king Stephen, together with Matilda his queen, in the 14th year of his reign, gave them by the name of the manor of Lillechurch, with its appurtenances, under which name both manors seem then to have been comprehended, being part of her inheritance, with other premises, to William de Ipre, in exchange for the manor for Fauresham.
KING STEPHEN afterwards founded a NUNNERY, of the Benedictine order, at Lillechurch in Higham, (fn. 6) to which his daughter, the princess Mary, as is mentioned in a deed, retired cum monialibus suis quas tanquam in proprietate sua recepit. (fn. 7) She afterwards became abbess of Rumsey.
After the death of king Stephen, William de Ipre above mentioned, earl of Kent, was, with the rest of the Flemish, of whom he was principal, forced to abandon this kingdom, and their estates were all seized, by which this manor came again to the crown; but in the 6th year of king John, the nuns gave the king one hundred pounds for his grant of the manor of Lille cherche; after which, king Henry III. in his 11th year, granted and confirmed to the abbey of St. Mary of Sulpice, in Bourges, and to the prioress and nuns of Lillecherche, that manor, in pure and perpetual alms, with all its appurtenances, and all liberties and free customs belonging to it, by which it should seem that this house had then some dependence on that abbey; and he further granted to the prioress and nuns, to have one fair at Lillecherche for three days yearly, on the day of St. Michael, and two days afterwards; and that they should possess them, and in like manner as the grant, which they had of his father, king John, plainly testified. (fn. 8)
King Henry, in his 50th year, granted to the prioress and nuns of Lillechurch an exemption from the suit they were yearly used to make at his court of the honor of Boloigne, at St. Martin the Great in London, for their demesne lands in the manor of Lillecherche. King Edward I. in his 16th year, confirmed the above fair to the prioress and nuns there.
This monastery was subject to the visitation of the bishops of Rochester; and accordingly Hamo de Heth, bishop of Rochester, in 1320, visited it, and professed eight nuns here; as he did again in 1328, when he buried Joane de Hadloe, prioress of this house, and he afterwards confirmed Maud de Colcestre prioress in her place, at Greenwich. At what time this priory was removed from Lillechurch, where it was certainly first built, to where the ruins are still visible, near the present church of Higham, is no where mentioned, nor is there any clue leading to discover it. That it was so those ruins, as well as the change of the name of it, are convincing proofs; nor is there any thing further worth mentioning relating to it till king Henry VII's reign, at which time the manors of Higham and Lillecherche, with their lands and appurtenances, conti nued in the possession of the prioress; in the 17th year of which reign, this house was become almost deserted, for it appeared then, on the election of a prioress, that there were only a sub-prioress and two nuns belonging to it, though there had been in former times sixteen belonging to it. Soon after which, in 1548, Margaret, countess of Richmond and Derby, having begun the foundation of St. John's college, in Cambridge, died, and left her executors to carry on the design; one of these was John Fisher, bishop of Rochester, who being himself a learned man, and greatly anxious for the increase of learning, obtained licence of king Henry VIII. to dissolve this monastery with that of Bromhall, in Berkshire, that the lands and revenues of them might be annexed towards the better support and maintenance of the above college. (fn. 9) Accordingly, about the year 1521, these nunneries were dissolved, (fn. 10) and, with their revenues, were surrendered into the hands of the crown; three years after which, the master and fellows of that college obtained, at the instance of bishop Fisher, of the king and pope Clement VII. these priories, with their appurtenances, to be transferred and confirmed for ever to their college, (fn. 11) where the inheritance of the scite of this priory, or abbey as it is now called, the manor and church of Higham, with the manor of Lillichurch, and the rest of the lands and revenues belonging to it here and elsewhere, continue at this time. The lease of these manors, with the scite of the abbey, and the lands in this parish belonging to it, were some years ago purchased by Mr. Rich. Hornsby, of Horton Kirkby in this county, of Mr. Tho. Peake. Mr. Hornsby died possessed of it within these few years, since which his interest in this estate has been sold to Mr. Thomas Williams and Mr. Thomas Smith, gent. of Dartford, the former of whom sold it to Mr. John Prebble, who is the present lessee of them.
Prioresses of Higham.
MARY, daughter of king Stephen, first prioress. (fn. 12)
ALICIA, JOANE, Named in several charters.
ACELINA, anno 50 king Henry III. (fn. 13)
AMPHELICIA, anno 16 king Edward I.
MATILDA, succeeded anno 17 king Edward I.
JOANE DE HADLOE, obt. anno 3 king Edward III. (fn. 14)
MAUD DE COLCESTRE, chosen in her room. (fn. 15)
ELIZABETH, or ISABEL, anno 18 and 31 king Edward III
CECILIA, anno 38 and 52 of the same reign.
JOANE DE COBEHAM, anno 15 and 18 of king Richard II
JOANE SOANE, succeeded anno 19 of the same reign.
ALICE PECKHAM, anno 7 king Henry V.
ISABEL, anno 25 king Henry VI.
ELIZABETA BRADFORTH, resig. anno 17 king Henry VII. (fn. 16)
AGNES SWAINE, succeeded. (fn. 17)
MARGARET HILDERDEN, anno 4 king Henry VIII.
ANCHORET UNGOTHORPE, alias OWGLETHORPE, anno 6 king Henry VIII. She died Jan. 31, anno 12 of the same reign, after which there was not another prioress elected.
GREAT and LITTLE OKELY are two reputed manors in this parish, which derive their name from ac, or ake, an oak, and ley, a field, in Saxon, Aclea, a place in which there is plenty of oaks. In the reign of king John, John le Brun held half a knight's fee in Acle, of William de Clovile, as he did of Warine de Montchensie. (fn. 18)
In the 7th year of Edward I. both these estates were in the possession of William de St. Clere, (fn. 19) the former being held, as half a knight's fee, of Warine de Montchensie, as of his manor of Swanescombe; and the latter, as half a knight's fee, of the bishop of Rochester. Soon after which these estates were possessed by two different branches of this family: Great Okeley descended to Nicholas de St. Clere, from whom it passed to Walter Neile, who, as well as his descendants, were lessess to the abbey of Higham, for great part of their possessions in this parish. One of his descendants, in the reign of king Henry VII. alienated it to John Sedley, esq. of Southfleet, in this county, one of the auditors of the exchequer to that prince, whose descendant, Sir Charles Sedley, (fn. 20) bart. in the reign of king Charles II. passed away this manor by sale to Mr. Shales, of Portsmouth, who not long afterwards sold it to Peter Burrell, esq. of Beckenham, in this county, whose descendant the Right Hon. Peter lord Gwydir is the present possessor of it.
LITTLE OKELEY manor descended from William de St. Clere, who possessed it, as has been beforementioned, in the 7th year of king Edward I. to Nicholas de Clere, and from him to John de St. Clere, who paid respective aid for it in the 20th year of king Edward III. at making the Black Prince a knight, as half a knight's fee, held of the bishop of Rochester. From this family it passed, after some intermission, to that of Cholmeley; one of whom, Sir Roger Cholmeley of London, died possessed of this manor, and left it to one of his daughters and coheirs, among other premises. She married Mr. Beckwith, by whom she had one son, Roger, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Frances, She afterwards married Christopher Kenne, esq. of Kenne, in Somersetshire, who was possessed of it in her right, anno 22 queen Elizabeth; and then, having levied a fine of it, sold it to Thompson; and he, in the reign of king Charles I. alienated it to Best, who passed it away by sale to Sir Charles Sedley, bart. from whom it went the same way to Farnham Aldersey, one of whose descendants sold it to Mr. Wm. Gates, gent. of Rochester, on whose death, in 1768, it came to his son of the same name, and his eldest son, Mr. George Gates, attorney at law and town clerk of Rochester, died possessed of it s.p. in 1792, and his sisters are now entitled to it.
There are no courts held for either Great or Little Okeley manors.
THE HERMITAGE is a pleasant seat in this parish, situated at almost the south-east extremity of it, about a mile northward from the London road to Dover. It stands on a hill, and commands a most extensive prospect both of the Medway and Thames, the Channel below the Nore, and a vast tract of country both in Kent and Essex.
This seat was new built by Sir Francis Head, bart. who inclosed a park round it (since disparked) and greatly improved the adjoining grounds. He resided here, and died possessed of it, with the manor of Higham Ridgway, and other estates in this parish, in 1768, and was buried in a vault in Higham church. He was descended from Richard Head, of Rochester, who by Anne, daughter of William Hartridge, of Cranbrooke, in this county, had issue four sons; of whom Richard, the second, was advanced to the dignity of a baronet, on June 19, 1676. He had three wives, first, Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Francis Merrick, alderman of Rochester, by whom he had three sons; Francis, of whom hereafter; Henry, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Summers, esq. and Merrick, D. D. who married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Dixon, D. D. prebendary of Rochester, by whom he left a daughter, Elizabeth, married to Theophilus Delangle; Dr. Head was rector of Leyborne and Ulcombe, in this county, and died in 1686, and lies buried in Leyborne church—And also one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir Robert Faunce, of Maidstone, in this county. Secondly, Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Mr. Willey, of Wrotham, by whom he had one son, Henry, who married the daughter and coheir of John Dawes, merchant, of London, by whom he had Dawes Head, ancestor of the present baronet, now in Virginia; and also two daughters, Jane, first married to Herbert Price, esq. and afterwards to John Boys, esq. of Hode; and Frances, first married to Thomas Poley, esq. and afterwards to Adam Lawry, of Rochester. Thirdly, Anne, daughter of William Kingsley, D. D. archdeacon of Canterbury, and relict of John Boys, esq. by whom he had no issue.
Sir Richard Head above mentioned, served several times in parliament for the city of Rochester. He died in 1689, and lies buried in Rochester cathedral, having been a good benefactor to the poor of St. Nicholas's parish, in that city.
Francis Head, esq. barrister at law, eldest son of Sir Richard, married Sarah, only daughter of Sir Geo. Ent, of London, M. D. who afterwards married Sir Paul Barrett, by whom he had six children. He died in his father's life time, in 1678, and was buried in the chancel of St. Margaret's church, Rochester; and by his will gave his house, pleasantly situated in St. Margaret's, to that see, for the residence of the bishop and his successors. Only two of his children survived him, viz. Sarah, married to John Lynch, esq. of Groves; and a son, Francis, who succeeded his grandfather in titles and estate, and resided at Canterbury, He married Margaret, daughter and coheir of James Smithbye, esq. by whom he had six sons and three daughters; he died, and was buried in St. Mildred's church, in Canterbury, in 1716. Of the above children, only four sons and one daughter survived him, viz. Sir Richard, his successor, who died unmarried, in 1721; Sir Francis, of whom hereafter; James Head, esq. barrister at law, who died unmarried in 1727, and was buried at Ickham, in this county; and Sir John Head, bart. who was D.D. and prebendary and archdeacon of Canterbury, and succeeded his brother, Sir Francis, but died in 1769, without surviving issue, though he was twice married; first, to Jane, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Peter Leigh, by whom he had several children, who all died before him; secondly, in 1751, Jane, sister of Wm. Geekie, D.D. prebendary of Canterbury, who survived him, but by whom he had no issue.
Anne, the surviving daughter of Sir Francis Head, married William Egerton, LL.D. prebendary of Canterbury, and grandson of the earl of Bridgewater.
Sir Francis Head, bart. the son, succeeded his brother Richard in title and in this estate, and having new built the seat, resided here, as above mentioned.
The arms borne by the family of Head were, Argent, a chevron ermines, between three unicorns heads, couped sable. (fn. 21)
Sir Francis last mentioned, married Mary, daughter and sole heir of Sir William Boys, M.D. (by Anne his wife, daughter of Sir Paul Barrett, sergeant at law, who married the widow of Francis Head, esq. the eldest son of the first baronet) by whom he had three daughters and coheirs; Mary Wilhelmina, married in 1753, to the Hon. Harry Roper, eldest son of Henry lord Teynham, and died, s.p. in 1758; Anne Gabriel, married first to Moses Mendez, esq. by whom she had two sons, Francis and James, who both took the name of Head, and will be hereafter noticed; and a daughter, who became a nun prossessed in France; and secondly, in 1760, to the Hon. John Roper, next brother to Harry Roper above mentioned, by whom she had no issue, and died in 1771; and Eliza beth Campbell, married to the Rev. Dr. Lill, of Ireland, since deceased, by whom she had one son, Francis, and three daughters.
On the death of Sir Francis, this seat, with the manor of Higham, Ridgway, and other estates in this parish, devolved, by settlement, to his widow, lady Head, who died in 1792, and was buried in the same vault with her late husband; and this seat, and the manor and estates above mentioned, descended by settlement, one fourth part to the widow of Francis Head, seq. (daughter of Mr. Egerton) re-married to colonel Andrew Cowell, of the Guards, as guardian to her only daughter by Mr. Head; another fourth part to James Roper Head, esq. his younger brother, who married Miss Burgess, and now resides at the Hermitage; and the remaining half part, or moiety, to Elizabeth Campbell, the widow of Dr. Lill; in which divisions the property of these estates remain vested at this time.
SIR ANTHONY ST. LEGER, in the reign of king Edward VI. was possessed of an estate, called the BROOKES, being marsh lands, with other lands in Higham; all which, in the 4th year of that reign, he conveyed to the king. This estate afterwards came into the possession of the Stuarts, dukes of Richmond, from whom it is now come, in like manner as Cobham hall, to the Right Hon. John earl of Darnley, the present possessor of it.
Charities.
THIS PARISH of Higham has a right of nomination to one place in the New College of Cobham, for one poor person, inhabitant of this parish, to be chosen and presented so, and by such as the ordinances of the college have powder to present and elect for this parish; and if the parish of Halling make default in their turn, then the benefit of election devolves on this parish.
THOMAS SHAVE gave by will, in 1655, two dozen of bread to the poor of this parish, to be disposed of every Sunday; for which purpose he settled the Sun-house, with the yard, and three acres and three roods of land, now vested in the minister and churchwardens, feoffees in trust, and of the annual produce of 7l.
HIGHAM is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese and deanry of Rochester. The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and consists of two isles and two chancels, with a slat tower, having two bells.
Among other monuments and memorials in it are the following: In the chancel, a stone with a bend voided between six escallops for William Inglett, B.D. vicar of this parish, ob. Jan. 4, 1659; another, with a chevron between three leaves slipped, for Mr. Richard Pearson, forty-four years vicar here, obt. Ap. 14, 1710; under an arch, in the south wall, an altar monument for Anne, wife of Samuel Cordwell, and daughter of Richard Machan, esq. obt. 1642. In the north chancel, by the north wall, on an altar monument, a brass plate, having three cups covered, impaling on a chevron three birds heads erased, for Elizabeth Boteler, obt. 1615, wife of Wm. Boteler, esq. of Rochester, daughter of Sir William Crayford, leaving two sons and two daughters, Henry, Thomas, Anne, and Elizabeth; another like for Robert Hylton, late yeoman of the Guards to king Henry VIII. obt. 1529. A memorial for Elizabeth, wife of Robert Parker, of Shinglewell, who left two sons, Richard and Robert, ob. 1670. (fn. 22)
The church, with its appurtenances, once belonged to the Benedictine abbey of St. John, in Colchester, and was granted at the instance of queen Matilda, wife of king Stephen (that king and his son, earl Eustace, confirming it) by Hugh, abbot, and the convent of that abbey, to the convent of the nuns of Lillechirche, in exchange for land, of one hundred shillings value, at East Doniland, in Essex. (fn. 23) Not withstanding which great disputes afterwards arose between them concerning this church, which was settled by agreement in the beginning of Edward II.'s reign, when Walter, abbot of Colchester, and his convent, gave up to the nuns all their right and title to it. In consideration of which they granted to the abbot and convent certain land in Lillecherche, belonging to this church, of the yearly value of thirty shillings; and if the land, called Blunteshale, should be made over to them by the nuns, on the same terms as the above land was granted to them, then they agreed to restore the lands of thirty shillings value to the nuns, and to receive the lands of Blunteshale in exchange for it of them, which was then confirmed by Gilbert, bishop of London, and S . . . . . . . . . abbot of St. Alban's, and the abbot of Colchester above mentioned and his convent, having, for the purpose of this exchange, resigned this church into the hands of Walter, bishop of Rochester, and quitted all kind of claim to it, he granted and gave the same in alms to Mary, daughter of king Stephen, and her nuns at Lillechurch, with all its appurtenances, in as ample and full a manner as any of their predecessors ever possessed it; and at the same time, with the consent and good will of Amselice, then prioress here, endowed the vicarage of this church as follows: viz. that the chaplain ministering in it should have all obventions of the altar, exceptiog twenty-four candles, which the nuns should receive on the day of the purification of the Blessed Virgin, of the better ones made on that day; and all legacies, made as well to himself as to the church, except it was a horse, ox, or cow, which the prioress and nuns should take; and that he should have all small tithes arising from the parish, excepting those from the demesnes of the nuns, and from the food of their cattle, and except the tithe of wool arising from the parish; and that he should have yearly six seams of corn from the nuns, viz. two of wheat, two of barley, and two of oats; of which, two should be paid to him at the feast of St. Michael, two at the Nativity, and two at the feast of Easter, and forage and herbage for one horse; and that he should sustain the burthen of clerks necessary to administer in the church, of whom one should daily be present at the greater mass before the said nuns; that the prioress should pay the synodals, and sustain the other episcopal burthens, saving, nevertheless, in all matters episcopal, the right to the bishop; all which was confirmed by him.
The prioress and convent, in the reign of king Edward III. having begun the repair of this church, pope Alexander IV. in his 4th year, anno 1357, granted an indulgence of forty days remission of penance to all who should contribute to it, by his bull for that purpose, which was to continue in force for five years.
This church remained with the nunnery till the dissolution of it, about the year 1521, when it was, with the other possessions of it, surrendered into the hands of king Henry VIII. three years after which, the priory and church, together with all the rents and revenues belonging to them, were granted by the king, with the pope's consent, to the master and sellows of St. John's college, in Cambridge; the church, with its appurtenances, to be held by them in like manner as it was held before by the prioress and convent, and paying yearly to the bishop of Rochester, and his successors, 13s. 4d. as an annual pension; and to the archdeacon and his successors, 7s. 6d. yearly for ever, as had been accoustomed; and on the vacancy of the see of Rochester, to the archbishop and his successors, four shillings for procurations, &c. and also out of the revenues of the priory twelve pence yearly on Michaelmas day, in the priory, to the poor people dwelling and being there for ever. The instrument of the commissary of the bishop of Rochester, for the above union and appropriation of the priory and church of Higham, to the master and fellows of St. John's college, Cambridge, (fn. 24) is dated in 1523; and with them the inheritance of the appropriation and advowson of the vicarage of the church of Higham continues at this time.
The yearly rent paid by the lessee of this parsonage to the master and fellows of St. John's, is 5l. 6s. 8d. in money, six quarters of wheat, three quarters of malt, and six couple of capons.
About the time of the restoration of king Charles II. colonel Goodyer was lessee of it, and he sold his interest in it to one Page, who alienated it to Richard Pearson, A. M. vicar of this parish, who possessed the lease of it for forty years, and died in 1710, and de vised his term in it to his nephew, John Pearson, who by his will devised it to his executors, Richard Pearson and John Till, of Essex, who, in 1738, for one thousand pounds, sold it to Mr. Tho. Harris, gent. of Sutton-at-Home. He died possessed of it in 1769, and by his will devised his interest in the term of this parsonage to Stephen Dilly, yeoman, whose widow is the present lessee of it.
The vicarage of Higham is valued in the king's books at 8l. 10s. and the yearly tenths at 17s. In the year 1650, this vicarage was valued at 60l. per annum. (fn. 25) The vicar receives all tithes arising within this parish, excepting corn.
THERE ARE certain lands in Higham, in Okeleyfarm, of which the impropriator of the parsonage takes but half the tithes (the other half being part of the portion of tithes belonging to the dean and chapter of Rochester, of which a further account will be given) These lands are now called dominical lands, and are thus described:
The orchard, below the house, five acres; Barnfield, eight acres; Downefield, elevan acres; Cookfield, eighteen acres; in the whole, forty-two acres. The impropriator takes the whole tithes of all the rest of Okeley-farm, as well as of the rest of the parish, excepting one field, called the Homestal, which belongs to the vicar, and is compounded for at three pounds and some shillings yearly.
The portion of tithes above mentioned was part of the antient possessions of the priory of Rochester. William de Cloeville gave for ever two parts of his tithe of Acle, now Okeley, to the monks of St. Andrew's, Rochester, in consideration of their having made his son a monk there; which gift he made with the consent of Gosfrid Talbot, chief lord of the see. (fn. 26) Gundulph, bishop of Rochester, who was consecrated in 1077, confirmed this donation, as did several of the succeeding bishops of Rochester, and others. (fn. 27) On the dissolution of the priory of Rochester, in the reign of king Henry VIII. this portion of tithes was, together with the rest of the possessions of that monastery, surrendered into the king's hands in the 32d year of his reign; who presently after, in his 33d year, settled it, by his dotation charter, on his new founded dean and chapter of Rochester, part of whose inheritance it continues at this time.
¶It appears by the survey of this portion of tithes, called Odeley portion, taken by order of the state in 1650; on the dissolution of deans and chapters, &c. that the same was then valued at ten pounds per ann. improved rent, and was let, anno 6 queen Elizabeth, by the dean and chapter, to John Sedley, esq. for ninety nine years, at the yearly rent of 13s. 4d. (fn. 28) Peter Burrell, esq. of Beckenham, died possessed of the lease of these tithes this year, 1775, and his descendant, the Right Hon. lord Gwydir, is the present lessee of them.
I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.
TASAWWUF
"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)
SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM
Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.
BIOGRAPHY
Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.
Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)
THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL
The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.
SHARIAH & SUFISM
Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.
ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE
Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.
WHAT’S SUFISM
Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).
ZIKR-E QALBI
However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’
PAS ANFAS
Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.
SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE
It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)
The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.
THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH
1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).
THE SPIRIT OR RUH
The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.
LATAIF
The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.
FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD
There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.
SULOOK
Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.
ZIKR
Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.
KHALIFA MAJAZEEN
Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)
The approved names at that time included:
1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,
2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,
3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,
4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,
5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,
6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,
7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,
8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,
9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,
10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,
11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.
These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).
Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).
Named Bob Hawke after the early 1980's Australian Prime Minister, Class leader BL26 on 5MA2 waits in the Balhannah crossing loop for a cross on 18-4-1992
"Perhaps the most striking feature of the Cathedral is the Resurrection Crucifix, created by artist Ivo Demetz, which is a powerful interpretation of the universal sign of Christianity. Suspended above the main altar, the wooden Crucifix depicts Christ as he is today and always, not a figure in agony, but the risen and triumphant Lord who died for our salvation." - Parish Website
Photograph taken, 22 May 2004, during Priesthood Ordination for the Archdiocese.
Holy Name Cathedral is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Chicago.