View allAll Photos Tagged mumbaikar
Lifeline of Mumbaikars ! ❤️
Kalwa Carshed 1172-73 Siemens bound for Titwala accelerating out Diva Junction.(CR)
Vintage Wilson can be viewed here
www.flickr.com/photos/humayunnapeerzaada/2110177557/
College stands for Fides, Spes et Caritas - Faith, Hope, and Charity - Vishwas Aasha aur Prem
Shot with Tokina 10-17mm Fisheye.
We shoot .. we upload .. but than there are certain shots which makes us proud ... proud of achieving something on the basis of the hard work and study one has put into a media, hobby or a art form which one is following and one was so unknown of it couple of years back. Not that one has become a master but atleast getting a tight grip on the art which one is pursuing. Last sunday got the opportunity to shoot this beautiful hotel and the Gateway of India in totally new perspective. These shots were always in my mind (inspiration - Mukul Anand's Agneepath and Anees Bazmee's Pyar to hona hi tha) but never attempted due to lack of gadgets and knowledge of the art. On a lighter note .. for the above shot and the shots which will be followed .. I did give myself a pat on my shoulder .. hahahahaha.
Warning: Take the picture seriously and not this foolish 'patting' comment of mine. Hahahahaha.
probably the only annual mela which happens without fail ....
Shot with Nikon D90 @ Nikkor AF-S DX 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6 ED VR
Camera Nikon D90
Exposure 0.5
Aperture f/18.0
Focal Length 32 mm
ISO Speed 200
Shot today .. used 2 textures to make this.
Shot with Tokina 10-17mm Fisheye.
Texture courtesy:
Old_paper_textures_by_darkdana666.
May it bring happiness and prosperity to all my Hindu friends world wide ..
shot with Nikon D3X @ Tokina fisheye 10 -17mm
Camera Nikon D3X
Exposure 0.01 sec (1/100)
Aperture f/4.0
Focal Length 14 mm
ISO Speed 500
Panvel bound Retrofitted local heading towards Khandeshwar Station and Crossing CSMT bound Siemens local..
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Rake no. 1169-70 & 3034-97
Mumbai (/mʊmˈbaɪ/; also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, with an estimated city population of 18.4 million. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world and the seсond most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 20.7 million as of 2011. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, or Central Asia. Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India.The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company when in 1661 King Charles II married the Portuguese Catherine of Braganza, and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and seven islands of Bombay. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Bombay in the 19th century was characterized by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital.Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. The city houses important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, the SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and Marathi film and television industry. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures.
ETYMOLOGY
The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (Kuladevi) Mumbadevi of the native Agri, Koli and Somvanshi Kshatriya communities - and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the kolis and the official language of Maharashtra.
The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. Ali Muhammad Khan, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi (1507) referred to the city as Manbai. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia ("Legends of India"). This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay", and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi.
Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), and Bon Bahia. After the British gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was officially anglicised as Bombay.
By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in the Indian statewise official languages of Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The English name was officially changed to Mumbai in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party that had just won the Maharashtra state elections and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to Slate, "they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule." Slate also said "The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region." While the city is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and Indians from other regions, mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial, resulting in emotional outbursts sometimes of a violently political nature.
A resident of Mumbai is called mumbaikar; in Marathi language the suffix kar has a meaning resident of. The term has been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai.
EARLY HISTORY
Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands: Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba). It is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited. Pleistocene sediments found along the coastal areas around Kandivali in northern Mumbai suggest that the islands were inhabited since the Stone Age. Perhaps at the beginning of the Common era (2,000 years ago), or possibly earlier, they came to be occupied by the Koli fishing community.
In the third century BCE, the islands formed part of the Maurya Empire, during its expansion in the south, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. The Kanheri Caves in Borivali were excavated in the mid-third century BCE, and served as an important centre of Buddhism in Western India during ancient Times. The city then was known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150 CE. The Mahakali Caves in Andheri were built between the 1st century BCE and the 6th century CE.
Between the second century BCE and ninth century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: Satavahanas, Western Kshatrapas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas, before being ruled by the Silhara dynasty from 810 to 1260. Some of the oldest edifices in the city built during this period are, Jogeshwari Caves (between 520 and 525), Elephanta Caves (between the sixth to seventh century), Walkeshwar Temple (10th century), and Banganga Tank (12th century).
King Bhimdev founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day Mahim). The Pathare Prabhus, among the earliest known settlers of the city, were brought to Mahikawati from Saurashtra in Gujarat around 1298 by Bhimdev. The Delhi Sultanate annexed the islands in 1347–48 and controlled it until 1407. During this time, the islands were administered by the Muslim Governors of Gujarat, who were appointed by the Delhi Sultanate.
The islands were later governed by the independent Gujarat Sultanate, which was established in 1407. The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Worli, built in honour of the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431. From 1429 to 1431, the islands were a source of contention between the Gujarat Sultanate and the Bahamani Sultanate of Deccan. In 1493, Bahadur Khan Gilani of the Bahamani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands but was defeated.
PORTUGUESE AND BRITISH RULE
The Mughal Empire, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent during the mid-16th century. Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of the Gujarat Sultanate was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the seven islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of Bassein and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535.
The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay. They called the islands by various names, which finally took the written form Bombaim. The islands were leased to several Portuguese officers during their regime. The Portuguese Franciscans and Jesuits built several churches in the city, prominent being the St. Michael's Church at Mahim (1534), St. John the Baptist Church at Andheri (1579), St. Andrew's Church at Bandra (1580), and Gloria Church at Byculla (1632). The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the Bombay Castle, Castella de Aguada (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and Madh Fort. The English were in constant struggle with the Portuguese vying for hegemony over Bombay, as they recognized its strategic natural harbour and its natural isolation from land-attacks. By the middle of the 17th century the growing power of the Dutch Empire forced the English to acquire a station in western India. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. From 1665 to 1666, the English managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala.
In accordance with the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, England leased these islands to the English East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum. The population quickly rose from 10,000 in 1661, to 60,000 in 1675. The islands were subsequently attacked by Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, in October 1672, Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India on 20 February 1673, and Siddi admiral Sambal on 10 October 1673.In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. The city eventually became the headquarters of the Bombay Presidency. Following the transfer, Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. Towards the end of the 17th century, the islands again suffered incursions from Yakut Khan in 1689–90. The Portuguese presence ended in Bombay when the Marathas under Peshwa Baji Rao I captured Salsette in 1737, and Bassein in 1739. By the middle of the 18th century, Bombay began to grow into a major trading town, and received a huge influx of migrants from across India. Later, the British occupied Salsette on 28 December 1774. With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War. The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the Treaty of Purandar (1776), and later through the Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War.
From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed at merging all the seven islands into a single amalgamated mass. This project, known as Hornby Vellard, was completed by 1784. In 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Baji Rao II, the last of the Maratha Peshwa in the Battle of Khadki. Following his defeat, almost the whole of the Deccan came under British suzerainty, and was incorporated into the Bombay Presidency. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan marked the liberation of Bombay from all attacks by native powers.
By 1845, the seven islands coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard project via large scale land reclamation. On 16 April 1853, India's first passenger railway line was established, connecting Bombay to the neighbouring town of Thana (now Thane). During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton-trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy that subsequently enhanced the city's stature.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. About 850,000 people fled Bombay and the textile industry was adversely affected. As the capital of the Bombay Presidency, the city witnessed the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement in 1942 and The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946 being its most notable events.
INDEPENDENT INDIA
After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State. On April 1950, Municipal limits of Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban District and Bombay City to form the Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation.
The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. In the Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. The States Reorganisation Committee recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra–Gujarat with Bombay as its capital in its 1955 report. Bombay Citizens' Committee, an advocacy group of leading Gujarati industrialists lobbied for Bombay's independent status.
Following protests during the movement in which 105 people lost their lives in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat. Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them. As a memorial to the martyrs of the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Flora Fountain was renamed as Hutatma Chowk (Martyr's Square), and a memorial was erected.
The following decades saw massive expansion of the city and its suburbs. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. The Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) was established on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Bombay metropolitan region. In August 1979, a sister township of New Bombay was founded by the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across the Thane and Raigad districts to help the dispersal and control of Bombay's population. The textile industry in Bombay largely disappeared after the widespread 1982 Great Bombay Textile Strike, in which nearly 250,000 workers in more than 50 textile mills went on strike. Mumbai's defunct cotton mills have since become the focus of intense redevelopment.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which currently handles 55–60% of India's containerised cargo, was commissioned on 26 May 1989 across the creek at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. The geographical limits of Greater Bombay were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Bombay. On 1 October 1990, the Greater Bombay district was bifurcated to form two revenue districts namely, Bombay City and Bombay Suburban, though they continued to be administered by same Municipal Administration.
From 1990 to 2010, there has been an increase in violence in the hitherto largely peaceful city. Following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, the city was rocked by the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1992–93 in which more than 1,000 people were killed. On 12 March 1993, a series of 13 co-ordinated bombings at several city landmarks by Islamic extremists and the Bombay underworld resulted in 257 deaths and over 700 injuries. In 2006, 209 people were killed and over 700 injured when seven bombs exploded on the city's commuter trains. In 2008, a series of ten coordinated attacks by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several heritage landmarks and prestigious hotels. The blasts that occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and Dadar on 13 July 2011 were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai.
Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved into a global financial hub. For several decades it has been the home of India's main financial services, and a focus for both infrastructure development and private investment. From being an ancient fishing community and a colonial centre of trade, Mumbai has become South Asia's largest city and home of the world's most prolific film industry.
GEOGRAPHY
Mumbai consists of two distinct regions: Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district, which form two separate revenue districts of Maharashtra. The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or South Mumbai. The total area of Mumbai is 603.4 km2. Of this, the island city spans 67.79 km2, while the suburban district spans 370 km2, together accounting for 437.71 km2 under the administration of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). The remaining areas belong to various Defence establishments, the Mumbai Port Trust, the Atomic Energy Commission and the Borivali National Park, which are out of the jurisdiction of the MCGM.
Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. It sits on Salsette Island (Sashti Island), which it partially shares with the Thane district. Mumbai is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west. Many parts of the city lie just above sea level, with elevations ranging from 10 m to 15 m; the city has an average elevation of 14 m. Northern Mumbai (Salsette) is hilly, and the highest point in the city is 450 m at Salsette in the Powai–Kanheri ranges. The Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali National Park) is located partly in the Mumbai suburban district, and partly in the Thane district, and it extends over an area of 103.09 km2.
Apart from the Bhatsa Dam, there are six major lakes that supply water to the city: Vihar, Lower Vaitarna, Upper Vaitarna, Tulsi, Tansa and Powai. Tulsi Lake and Vihar Lake are located in Borivili National Park, within the city's limits. The supply from Powai lake, also within the city limits, is used only for agricultural and industrial purposes. Three small rivers, the Dahisar River, Poinsar (or Poisar) and Ohiwara (or Oshiwara) originate within the park, while the polluted Mithi River originates from Tulsi Lake and gathers water overflowing from Vihar and Powai Lakes. The coastline of the city is indented with numerous creeks and bays, stretching from the Thane creek on the eastern to Madh Marve on the western front. The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large mangrove swamps, rich in biodiversity, while the western coast is mostly sandy and rocky.
Soil cover in the city region is predominantly sandy due to its proximity to the sea. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy. The underlying rock of the region is composed of black Deccan basalt flows, and their acidic and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras. Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone owing to the presence of 23 fault lines in the vicinity. The area is classified as a Seismic Zone III region, which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter scale may be expected.
ARCHITECTURE
The architecture of the city is a blend of Gothic Revival, Indo-Saracenic, Art Deco, and other contemporary styles. Most of the buildings during the British period, such as the Victoria Terminus and Bombay University, were built in Gothic Revival style. Their architectural features include a variety of European influences such as German gables, Dutch roofs, Swiss timbering, Romance arches, Tudor casements, and traditional Indian features. There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings such as the Gateway of India. Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan. Mumbai has the second largest number of Art Deco buildings in the world after Miami. In the newer suburbs, modern buildings dominate the landscape. Mumbai has by far the largest number of skyscrapers in India, with 956 existing buildings and 272 under construction as of 2009.
The Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC), established in 1995, formulates special regulations and by-laws to assist in the conservation of the city's heritage structures. Mumbai has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Elephanta Caves. In the south of Mumbai, there are colonial-era buildings and Soviet-style offices. In the east are factories and some slums. On the West coast are former-textile mills being demolished and skyscrapers built on top. There are 31 buildings taller than 100m, compared with 200 in Shanghai, 500 in Hong Kong and 500 in New York.
DEMOGRAPHICS
According to the 2011 census, the population of Mumbai was 12,479,608. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 persons per square kilometre. The living space is 4.5sq metre per person. As Per 2011 census, Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the MCGM, has a literacy rate of 94.7%, higher than the national average of 86.7%. The number of slum-dwellers is estimated to be 9 million, up from 6 million in 2001, that is, 62% of all Mumbaikars live in informal slums.
The sex ratio was 838 (females per 1,000 males) in the island city, 857 in the suburbs, and 848 as a whole in Greater Mumbai, all numbers lower than the national average of 914 females per 1,000 males. The low sex ratio is partly because of the large number of male migrants who come to the city to work.
Residents of Mumbai call themselves Mumbaikar, Mumbaiite, Bombayite or Bombaiite. Mumbai has a large polyglot population like any other metropolitan city of India. Sixteen major languages of India are also spoken in Mumbai, most common being Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and English. English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the city's white collar workforce. A colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya – a blend of Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu, Indian English and some invented words – is spoken on the streets.
Mumbai suffers from the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast growing cities in developing countries: widespread poverty and unemployment, poor public health and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population. With available land at a premium, Mumbai residents often reside in cramped, relatively expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, and therefore requiring long commutes on crowded mass transit, or clogged roadways. Many of them live in close proximity to bus or train stations although suburban residents spend significant time travelling southward to the main commercial district. Dharavi, Asia's second largest slum (if Karachi's Orangi Town is counted as a single slum) is located in central Mumbai and houses between 800,000 and one million people in 2.39 square kilometres, making it one of the most densely populated areas on Earth with a population density of at least 334,728 persons per square kilometre. With a literacy rate of 69%, the slums in Mumbai are the most literate in India.
The number of migrants to Mumbai from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 1.12 million, which amounted to 54.8% of the net addition to the population of Mumbai.
The number of households in Mumbai is forecast to rise from 4.2 million in 2008 to 6.6 million in 2020. The number of households with annual incomes of 2 million rupees will increase from 4% to 10% by 2020, amounting to 660,000 families. The number of households with incomes from 1–2 million rupees is also estimated to increase from 4% to 15% by 2020. According to Report of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 2016 Mumbai is the noisiest city in India before Lucknow , Hyderabad and Delhi.
ETHNIC GROUPS AND RELIGION
The religious groups represented in Mumbai include Hindus (67.39%), Muslims (18.56%), Buddhists (5.22%), Jains (3.99%), Christians (4.2%), Sikhs (0.58%), with Parsis and Jews making up the rest of the population. The linguistic/ethnic demographics are: Maharashtrians (42%), Gujaratis (19%), with the rest hailing from other parts of India.
Native Christians include East Indian Catholics, who were converted by the Portuguese during the 16th century, while Goan and Mangalorean Catholics also constitute a significant portion of the Christian community of the city. Jews settled in Bombay during the 18th century. The Bene Israeli Jewish community of Bombay, who migrated from the Konkan villages, south of Bombay, are believed to be the descendants of the Jews of Israel who were shipwrecked off the Konkan coast, probably in the year 175 BCE, during the reign of the Greek ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Mumbai is also home to the largest population of Parsi Zoroastrians in the world, numbering about 80,000. Parsis migrated to India from Pars (Persia/Iran) following the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. The oldest Muslim communities in Mumbai include the Dawoodi Bohras, Ismaili Khojas, and Konkani Muslims.
CULTURE
Mumbai's culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, music, and theatres. The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, and night life, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other world capitals. Mumbai's history as a major trading centre has led to a diverse range of cultures, religions, and cuisines coexisting in the city. This unique blend of cultures is due to the migration of people from all over India since the British period.
Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema - Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies - and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century. Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. The Mumbai International Film Festival and the award ceremony of the Filmfare Awards, the oldest and prominent film awards given for Hindi film industry in India, are held in Mumbai. Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages.
Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. The government-funded institutions include the Jehangir Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Modern Art. Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Bombay is one of the oldest public libraries in the city. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in South Mumbai which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history.
Mumbai has a zoo named Jijamata Udyaan (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbours a garden. The rich literary traditions of the city have been highlighted internationally by Booker Prize winners Salman Rushdie, Aravind Adiga. Marathi literature has been modernised in the works of Mumbai-based authors such as Mohan Apte, Anant Kanekar, and Gangadhar Gadgil, and is promoted through an annual Sahitya Akademi Award, a literary honour bestowed by India's National Academy of Letters.
Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navratri, Good Friday, Dussera, Moharram, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja and Maha Shivratri are some of the popular festivals in the city. The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theatre, and films. A week-long annual fair known as Bandra Fair, starting on the following Sunday after 8 September, is celebrated by people of all faiths, to commemorate the Nativity of Mary, mother of Jesus, on 8 September.
The Banganga Festival is a two-day music festival, held annually in the month of January, which is organised by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) at the historic Banganga Tank in Mumbai. The Elephanta Festival - celebrated every February on the Elephanta Islands - is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music and attracts performers from across the country. Public holidays specific to the city and the state include Maharashtra Day on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960, and Gudi Padwa which is the New Year's Day for Marathi people.
Beaches are a major tourist attraction in the city. The major beaches in Mumbai are Girgaum Chowpatty, Juhu Beach, Dadar Chowpatty, Gorai Beach, Marve Beach, Versova Beach, Madh Beach, Aksa Beach, and Manori Beach. Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach. Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach, and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom. Adlabs Imagica opened in April 2013 is located near the city of Khopoli off the Mumbai-Pune Expressway.
WIKIPEDIA
Took me a lot of time to do this one.
Had actually scrapped this photograph as I had already made a Time Lapse video with the same angle .. so kind of wanted to avoid this photograph on my stream.
But texturing gives a different dimension to this photograph all together.
Merged 3 different textures to make this visual .... phew .. lots of time, selection, rejection and finally a visual emerges which one feel is right and can be uploaded for friends to see it.
Shot with Tokina 10-17mm Fisheye.
Texture courtesy:
Open Tattered book: playingwithpsp
www.flickr.com/photos/playingwithpsp/3031647963/
White Colorado Sky: playingwithpsp
www.flickr.com/photos/playingwithpsp/3059009857/
Crows: daxagon (couldn't resist using crows for the 2nd time.
www.flickr.com/photos/daxagon/3144426085/
Lots of thanks to daxagon and playingwithpsp for such great textures.
thpugh i had planned this perspective around 2 yrs back for 365 season 1 but was unable to shoot it for various reasons ... today moved out from my house with this pledge that by hook or by crook i will this visual today ... the composition was there in my mind .. the only thing i did not know was which bldg it would be .. would be a floor or a terrace ... when i went to crawford market .. i got the bldg and the terrace in couple of mnts .. as its said if wanted anything poori kaynaat aapko usko haasil karne mein madad karti hai ...
got into a courier office .. the owner heard me out .. smiled and let me click as many shots i wanted .. thats it .. it was so simple ...
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Crawford Market is one of South Mumbai's most famous markets. It is named after Arthur Crawford, the first Municipal Commissioner of the city. Wikipedia
Opened: 1869
Address: M Khana Rd, Zaveri Bazaar, Dhobi Talao, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Architect: William Emerson
shot with Nikon D3X @ Tokina fisheye @ perspective corrected
Camera Nikon D3X
Exposure 0.006 sec (1/160)
Aperture f/8.0
Focal Length 15 mm
Ke rasta kat jaayega mitra ke baadal chhat jaayega mitra
Ke dukh se rukna na mitra ke ek pal rukna na mitra
Jeevan chalne ka naam chalte raho subah shaam ....
Orchid City Centre is latest Mall which has come up near Mumbai Central station.
You can also spot me there hanging on as a model on the hoarding of 'BIG BAZAAR' which is displayed right at the mid of this pic.
To view the hoarding of this Mall click on this link
Thane Bound Pure AC Retrofitted (Ex BHEL) EMU heading towards Thane Station..
.
Rake no. 4549-52/Kalwa..
apart from the ongoing 365 project and the 360 degree panoramas i keep shooting .. i m into making a timelapse on our city Mumbai @ GoPRO camera ... have shot some 50 thousand photographs @ just of 6 landmarks of Mumbai .. lots more to shoot ..
this landmark has been shot so many times not only by me but many other photographers .. wanted to shoot Marine with lashing waves with heavy rain .. but whats not destined will never happen .. shot around 6000 photographs for the timelapse and kept waiting and waiting ... lol hahahahahaha so except for the wet road and gloomy weather i did not get what i wished for ..
will try again for sure .. abhi sawan itne jaldi jaane wala nahi
took one of the frame from that series to include it in the ongoing 365 ..
Shot with Go Pro camera
Camera Hero3-Black Edition
Exposure 0.004 sec (1/255)
Aperture f/2.8
Focal Length 2.8 mm
ISO Speed 100
I am a Dedicated, Passionate, Professional, Hard working personal trainer, very few actually walk the walk.
I Practice what I preach; My Action speaks louder than words. I am a Man of my word.
I am a Transformer, I Kill fat for living..!! Fusion Functional Training™ workouts is my creation.. Combining of 2 different exercise to perform as one is called Fusion.
Story of my life it all started back in 1994 when I joined gym first time and started doing weight training.. At that time there was no scientific way of training and there were no certified personal trainers to guide.. First 5 years of my training was a complete disaster.. only inspiration was Silvester Stalone and Arnold Schwarzenegger . Few of my friends got me some bodybuilding Magazine where workout was well explained and easy to follow. After few weeks of training I started seeing some visual change. That's were I developed interest and love for science in training and smart nutrition. Then I got ISSA certified online USA. Then in 2002 is where I joined SYKZ GYM and officially started working as a personal trainer.. Main reason of me becoming a personal trainer was that I have seen so many people working-out passionately but all horribly wrong form (training technique).. I knew some were down in my heart that if I step in this profession, I can change the face of Fitness industry in time. I helped many so many people till date achieve their goals.
In time I have developed good teaching skills {Long story shot, I am an excellent teacher.
Well since then I am dedicatedly working day in and day out changing and transforming peoples health for good with my training and Smart nutrition consultation.
I am very lucky to have a dream job, I live my dream my passion and I help unknowingly many people all over the world through social networking sites like Facebook and YouTube.
I will continue to do so till my last breath.
Bitter truth is, In India people believe in media write ups more then actual facts.. Some inexperienced trainer get a celeb client and that celeb makes him famous then what ever shit that trainer says people believe. Many trainers like me who talk technically wise and give result oriented training are unheard because of some bullshit celeb's official training CDs say to sell shit. I can give names but it pointless. Many people get injured because of the influence of celeb fashion training.. Then they think that celebs workout didn't work so how can an unknown non celeb trainer do??
Future of fitness industry is bright. Which ever commercial gym has celebrity clients they will flourish simple as that.
Stay connected best of me is yet to come.
Cheers to healthy living..:-))))
for more details:
मुंबईचा महाराजा (खेतवाडी ११वी गल्ली) आगमन सोहळा २०१९ ❤
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Mumbaicha Maharaja (Khetwadi 11th Street) Aagman Sohla 2019
Named after Bombay's first municipal commissioner, Arthur Crawford, the Crawford Market is at the northern end of the old British part of the town, and faces the crowded inner city. An elegant covered market, it dominates the skyline with its clock tower and steeple. The cavernous spaces inside are divided into sections for fruits, vegetables and meat.
The building, completed in 1869, was donated to the city by Cowasji Jehangir. The friezes on the outside walls and the stone fountains inside were designed by Lockwood Kipling.
It was the main wholesale market for fruits in Bombay until March 1996, when the wholesale traders were relocated to New Bombay.
A sea of Muslim devotees and Mumbaikars throng the street outside the Mosque. During Ramzan, the street is filled with stalls and shops offering a variety of food every evening.
Of special mention is the Firni (rice pudding) and Malpoas (A sweet made from wheat flour mixed with spices, deep-fried and soaked in sugar syrup)
Ofcourse, there is the staple mouth watering assortment of kebabs, fried chicken and shawrmas :)
There is a very jovial and lively atmosphere around, with enthusiastic waiters eagerly inviting you to take a table at their restaurant.
This is the one time I wish I had a wide-angle lens, as I have missed out on the better part of the ornate Mosque to capture the street :( My next purchase anyway ;)
When it comes to the Haji-Ali Dargah, I just cannot resist shooting it as many times as I can. Hope this also is liked as the other pictures of the Dargah was liked.
www.flickr.com/photos/humayunnapeerzaada/sets/72157600193...
The Haji Ali Dargah (Hindi: हाजी अली दरगाह) is a mosque and dargah (tomb) located on an islet off the coast of Worli in Mumbai. Lying as it does in the heart of the city, the dargah is one of the most recognizable landmarks of Mumbai.
The dargah was built in 1431 by a wealthy Muslim merchant and saint named Haji Ali who renounced all his wordly possessions before making a pilgrimage to Mecca. Legend has it that Haji Ali died on his way to Mecca and his body, in its casket, floated back to Mumbai. However, some believe that Haji Ali drowned at the place where the dargah stands today.
As many as 40,000 pilgrims visit the shrine on Thursdays and Fridays. People from all faiths visit & pray at the "dargah"
The whitewashed structure occupies an area of 4,500 metres, and an 85 foot (26 m) tower is the architectural highlight of the edifice. The tomb within the mosque is covered by a brocaded red and green chaddar (tomb cover sheet). It is supported by an exquisite silver frame. The main hall has marble pillars embellished with coloured mirror work: blue, green, yellow chips. The ninety-nine names of Allah are also written on the pillars.
Most of the structure is corroded due to saline winds blowing from the surrounding sea. It was last repaired in the 1960s, but civil engineers say the structure is beyond further repair. The Dargah Trust is awaiting permission to raze the structure and rebuild it with Makrana marble, the same marble used to build the Taj Mahal.
241,406 items / 2,029,193 views
Awaiting approval
You said this about :V:
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I salute greatness ..I salute Jeff Lamb.."
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photostream
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within a flickruniverse
it seems"
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close your eyes
the inner soul
of this prolific photographer
you will see
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she lets them free
linda schaefer
to be or not to be"
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From Beijing China
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Yorrik is one of my oldest friends on the internet he saved me many a times ...from the ravages of doom ..."
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"Magic eye introduced me to Flickr the first time in 2005.,but I did not much care for it as I was a Buzznetobssessive nerd ..I deleted the Flickr account, I came back to Flickr again in 10 June 2007 ..and my new posts 197,159 items / 1,616,600 views are in a way thanks to Magic Eye .
We have never met, we speak from time to time ..he has always helped me grow as a blogger - and we originally met at Fotothing .
Thank you Deepak..I am indebted to you.. read this as a comment and a testimonial too..
Update we finally did meet at the Indibloggers meet"
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A great friend , a great sensitive humanbeing who has made our world smaller by adding us to his backyard, a person who feels our pain our joy and promotes us to each other ..in hs cosmic ring of hope and humanity , we come from different worlds different cultures yet we are GooglePlussers ..we plus the good things in each others life..
May this Tribe increase prosper and flourish..
I have never been in Groups either at Flickr, or when I was at Facebook , but I am proud and honored to be a part of +Jack C Crawford core circle..
Firoze Shakir
Beggar Poet"
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"photo dan
we are all
pieces
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plan
beyond
caste color
creed
a single clan"
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Approved
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om mani padme hum
i wish him well
a man who
who shoots heaven
who shoots hell
the angels the devils
humans even god
under his magical spell
an american with a heart of gold
you can tell
my dear friend lama ben bell
a cause searching for a rebel
firoze shakir
photographerno1"
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I think Tom is a yardstick witth which we all measure the degree of perfection in our pictures..yes Pixeltopia said it better than me
My poem for Do You Like It
21 June 2008
Your eye is more powerful
than a camera lens
your pictures capture
lifes essence
poetic photographic
make sense
in a world of hatred
where minds are dense
you show reality
as surrealistic suspense
faces within faces
sad and tense
giving a pound of wisdom
for every pence
pictures that mend
a broken fence
your contributiion
to american photography
solidly immense
no nonsense
as a photographer
as a poet
I say this to you
in your defense
your pictures
are soulful scriptures
without pretense"
OR
You said this about Anthony Posey SIR:Poseyal Desposyni:
""SIR: Poseyal Desposyni squire poet of our time
his pictures that are spiritually sublime
standing above the shoulders
of pictorial meter and rhyme
a very long journey
a very long climb"
OR
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"brilliance that shines
a new dimension in photography defines
marius in two lines"
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" Syed Salman Chishty is a lover of Humanity..His goal is peace in the Universe..I am indeed greatful that I meet him each time I touch base at Ajmer Sharif..
A reservior of Sufi knowledge.. Syed Salman Chishty.."
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You said this about Vilas Gholse:
"Vilas Gholse is one of the finest photographers .
I am lucky I met him when I joined PSI .
Its because of people like him that I grew in stature as a sensitive human photographer.
Vilas is a helping hand to all photographers.
He had trained to be a cinematographer , but his first love after his wife is still photography..
This is a testimonial of times I have shared with him at Nasik and other outdoor shoots.
Jai Maharashtra.
Jai Photography.
Sarv Dharm Ek
Mee Mumbaikar
Firoze Shakir"
OR
You said this about FredMikeRudy:
"Fred Mike Rudy is a gifted human being..
God does not make this kind anymore , parts not easily available..
by part I mean a very good human sensitive heart.
Fred cares his heart bares
with his comments on your pictures
his love for humanity shares
a holisting healing that
broken down spirits repairs"
OR
You said this about the|shadowboxer:
"B is Bernie a Beautiful Soul
uncut diamond hidden in coal
a part that is overwhelmingly whole..
cybernetic fire that he stole
connecting humanity
from pole to pole"
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"A brilliant photographer poetically shooting her subjects, I wish her well ,,,,"
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"we have not
yet met eric parker
is a person
a personality
you just cant forget
whether he is here on flickr
face book or some
lonely corner on the internet
a great human loving freind
you bet
he has his camera
as his best pet"
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"We connected today, I am happy that we met a prolific photographer who wades beyond the waters of this textual testimony,..
His imagery is adding a wee bit color to the cheeks of the Almighty..
I wish him Peace and Prosperity of Mind Body and Spirit..
Firoze Shakir Poet"
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"aleem
a poet who picturizes his words
flying freely like happy birds
giving joy to us nerds
I have just met Aleem recently and his vivre de joie his love for life his generosity of free spirit touches the chord of our pictorial alter ego..sincerely
I wish him the best..in all his endeavor of heart and mind
Firoze Shakir
Mumbai"
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"One of the finest soul capturing photographer on the Flickruniverse ..
subtlety and truthfulness abound in the imagery of this magician..Best wishes from Bollywoods Most Wanted.."
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"Thank you for sharing the most vital part of your holistic energy with all of us...
Your photostream is place to absorb the proficiency of your photographers eye..
Your love for children, nature and the abundance of love for your Flickr friends overwhelms us all..
Yes you are one happening Super Mom..
Om Mani Padme Hoon.."
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You said this about Wandabrowneyes (OUT more than IN right now):
"dragon fly
wandabrown eyes
pictorially related
should not come
as a surprise
on flickr
recreating a new
paradise
both excellent photographers
super moms in disguise
a lawyer or a husband
you make your choice?
lunch or movies
peace just rejoice"
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"every comment
on your picture
has something to say
but one common thread
you are a great photographer
by the way
shooting reality
with your feet
made of clay
holding street eternity
in a sway
best wishes from this
Shia Mystic of Bombay"
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"Thank you aftab
your photo stream
has given me tips on photography too besides the words of your wisdom..conveyed through your evocative images.
wish you peace hope and harmony.."
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""This mortal man born in Brooklyn is a kinetic force that touches the core of the underbelly of humanity, a humanity that one does not believe exists, the disfranchised, the marginalized, the deformed , the leper and all such varieties ..he shoots pain and he makes you endure that pain..
He could have been born in India but does it really matter ..humanity is a world without borders and he shows it through the rich tapestry of his images.
Mind you his images are not to shock and awe..to sensationalize dire human needs , he wants you too see his images through compassion , through tolerance and through your inner being.
This is Dr Glenn Losack MD renowned psychiatrist, lyricist, poet, musician, and a very opinionated man..he does he wants to do..but yet like all of us he has a Muse ..a Muse that has given him a reason to Live..or Relive .
Actually the good doctor needs no testimonials ..his pictures adorn covers of National Geographic and he has his site on Better Photo..
It took a lot of convincing on my part to move his collection to Flickr which has a larger and diverse viewership , the best of the best.
That he allowed me to showcase his pictures at my site speaks volumes of his love for me..and that he loves my family like his own, and he loves Marziya too.
I hope all my friends and well wishers on Flickr will see Glenns pictures and evaluate them with encouragement and truthful comments.
Welcome Home Doc.""
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"Greatness of a photographer lies in the humility of his images as he adds them on the emulsion of your curios soul..Roland W Luthi ..in all humility adds to the greatness of his Flickr photo stream..Congrats my best wishes to him..
through your pictures the anxiety the restlessness of the human mind you heal..roland w ruthi as layers and layers of memorable moments you unpeel...peace as the ultimate motion of universal thought on human hearts you seal..i wont be surprised its your pictures that some bloggers love to steal..."
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Thank you Darren.."
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take care wish you well S"
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"Arron is a reader of thoughts embedded ,ingrained in an emulsion or in the inner depths of a memory card , his world is the mind a celluloid space breaking all barriers dimensions , racing into a better world of peace ,hope harmony goodwill and love.He heals with pictures..
I wish him well - God Speed."
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"Jitendra Singh
Imagination creativity
as his wings
to the soul of photography
much happiness brings
a sensitive human being
lover of nature
above all things
writes this
barefeet blogger
a bouquet
among a few things.
Jitendra is an asset a photographer reaching new goal as he clicks his way into our hearts.
I wish him accolades and success.."
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I wish her more accolades and laurels .."
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"New Orleans Lady is one of my favorite Flickr photographers , her immense versatility, her vision , her dreams woven in pictorial thought..touch all those come quench their thirst at her photo stream.
Capturing the city she loves , depicting lines curves , architectural monuments heritage ..she passes on the baton to those who will recreate it for a better and peaceful future..yes this is the documentary of a womans quest through the focal lens of her camera eye..
I wish her the very best from here in Mumbai a city as vibrant and resourceful and historical as New Orleans.."
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"you are the most provocative and the best
digging the soul of humanity at Jericho before and after the inquest"
OR
You said this about Monsoon Lover:
"monsoon lover
on the soul of humanity
love peace hope harmony
tsunami and showers
as a human being
lover of nature
he towers
with every moment
he flowers
a world
within a world
his poetic bower
Thank you for your kind messages your friendship mystery and more..
Firoze Shakir
Barefeet Blogger
Mumbai 2011"
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OR
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"a follower of ali
is unique in
all respects
nade ali power
in holistic text
take care"
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"four month old she waits to shoot the soul of humanity..."
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"Brilliant photographer is one who sees the magic of a shot on his minds eye before it comes to life through his camera lens, photography is a God given gift , you have or you dont have it...
so many x years in photography does not create a photograph only a fading snap shot that humiliates time and energy..
so in my eyes you have a brilliance that will get much better every day
take care ameesh
yes we all love your work..."
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I am indebted to his support and friendship.."
OR
Shot with Nikon D3X @ Sigma EX 12-24mm F4.5-5.6 DG
I have been visiting and paying my respect to Baba from when i was a kid .. but from my past 4 yrs i hv been documenting Baba's Urs as well ...
Shot with NIkon D90 Samyang Fisheye 8mm
Even a 8mm could not contain the entire skywalk into one single frame which is what i thought 8mm could attain ...
Nevertheless I am having a great time shooting this new beautiful jewel of our Mumbai ..
On Occasion of 95 year's completion of EMUs, CR repainted there Retrofitted EMU's DTC in traditional DC livery and was lucky enough to capture it..
.
Rake no. 3009-61/Sanpada
.. photography is strictly prohibited here.
what i like about these people is that despite of such a hard life, they all have typical mumbaikar attitude of a dreamer!
see my fav PORTRAITs here
I am a Shia Muslim in mourning for the Martyrdom of Imam Hussain Grandson of The Holy Prophet , who was ruthlessly murdered by the Terrorists of Yazid the Caliph Of Umayad Dynasty..We wear black clothes , in my case I only wear black clothes or tiger prints ,,,I stopped wearing vibrant colors since I became a Malang a semi Sufi Monk in my case.
We are very strict about our mourning and austere in our emotions that is now centered around Ghame Hussain and the Unforgettable Tragedy of Imam Hussain at Karbala.
Neither do I attend any Sufi Urus in the month of Moharam...or any Hindu feast...the Chhhath Puja I have documented passionately as a tribute to the Bihari Mumbaikars of our city , but this year I kept away from their celebrations ,,,
This picture was shot last year ,Chhath Puja 2012 that took place the next day after the sad demise of Shree Balalasaheb Thackeray..
About Chhath Puja
from Wikipedia
Chhath (Hindi: छठ, also called Dala Chhath) is an ancient Hindu festival and only Vedic Festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, also known as Surya Shashti.[1] The Chhath Puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth and to request the granting of certain wishes.[2] The Sun, considered the god of energy and of the life-force, is worshiped during the Chhath festival to promote well-being, prosperity and progress. In Hinduism, Sun worship is believed to help cure a variety of diseases, including leprosy, and helps ensure the longevity and prosperity of family members, friends, and elders.
The rituals of the festival are rigorous and are observed over a period of four days. They include holy bathing, fasting and abstaining from drinking water (Vratta), standing in water for long periods of time, and offering prashad (prayer offerings) and aragh to the setting and rising sun.
Although it is observed most elaborately in Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern UP and the Terai regions of Nepal in modern times, and is more prevalent in areas where migrants from those areas have a presence, it is celebrated in all regions and major urban centers in India. The festival is celebrated in the regions including but not exclusive to the northeast region of India, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Chandigarh, Gujarat,[3] Delhi,[4] Mumbai[5] and Mauritius.[6]
Chhath puja is performed on kartika Shukala Shashti, which is the sixth day of the month of Kartika in the Hindu Calendar. This falls typically in the month of October or November in the Gregorian Calendar.
It is also celebrated in the summer (March–April), on Chaitra Shashti, some days after Holi; this event is called Chaiti Chhath.[7] The former is more popular because winter is the usual festive season in North India, and Chhath, being an arduous observance, requiring the worshipers to fast without water for around 36 hours continuously, is easier to undertake in the Indian winters.
[edit]Etymology
The word chhath denotes the number 6 in Hindi[8] and the festival is celebrated on the sixth day of the Hindu lunar month of KARTIKA. The word is a Prakrit derivation from the Sanskrit ṣaṣṭhi, meaning sixth.
[edit]History
It is believed that the Maga Purohits (modern days known as Shakya Dwipi Brahmins) were invited by local kings for their expertise in Sun worshiping. They started the tradition of Chhat Puja. Today Chhat Puja is celebrated specially in those places where Shakya Dwipi Brahmins are found.
It is believed that the ritual of Chhath puja may even predate the ancient Vedas texts, as the Rigveda contains hymns worshiping the Sun god and describes similar rituals. The rituals also find reference in the Sanskrit epic poem Mahābhārata in which Draupadi is depicted as observing similar rites.
In the poem, Draupadi and the Pandavas, rulers of Hastinapur (modern Delhi), performed the Chhath ritual on the advice of noble sage Dhaumya. Through her worship of the Sun God, Draupadi was not only able to solve her immediate problems, but also helped the Pandavas later regain their lost kingdom.
It is also believed that Chhath was started by Karna, the son of Surya (Surya Putra Karna). Surya Putra Karna ruled over the Anga Desh (present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar) during the Mahabharat Age. He was a great warrior and fought against the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra War.
Its yogic/scientific history dates back to the Vedic times. The rishis of yore used this method to remain without any external intake of food as they were able to obtain energy directly from the sun's rays. This was done through the Chhath method.[9] The chhat puja is very popular in Darbhanga, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, Madhuvani and Dehri-On-Sone (Rohtas),Patna, Dev & Gaya.Nowadays it is celebrated in approximately all parts of India. Chhath Pooja is also celebrated in Mangalore, Karnataka. People from Bihar & UP celebrate Chhath Pooja on Panambur Beach.
[edit]Chhathi Maiya
It is also said that the Goddess that is worshipped during the famous Chhath Puja is known as Chhathi Maiya. Chhathi Maiya is known as Usha in the Vedas. She is believed to be the consort of Surya, the sun god. Some scholars are of the view that she is only the beloved of Surya and some suggest that She is Surya’s wife.
Usha is the term used to refer to dawn – The first light of day. But in the Rig Veda she has more symbolic meaning. Symbolically Usha is the dawn of divine consciousness in the individual aspirant.
During the Chhath Puja, Chhathi Maiya is invoked to bless us with this divine consciousness which will help us to overcome all the troubles in the world – this bless will help us to Moksha or liberation.
[edit]Rituals and traditions
Chhath is a festival of bathing and worshipping,that follows a period of abstinence and segregation of the worshiper from the main household for four days. During this period, the worshiper observes purity, and sleeps on the floor on a single blanket.
This is the only holy festival which has no involvement of any pandit (priest). The devotees offer their prayers to the setting sun, and then the rising sun in celebrating its glory as the cycle of birth starts with death. It is seen as the most glorious form of Sun worship.
Bihar has a number of Sun temples, flanked by a surajkund or sacred pool of the Sun, forming a popular venue for the celebration of this festival. Ara, Muzaffarpur,Patna,Bhagalpur,Chapra,Munger, Haveli Kharagpur ( Banahara, Prasando),,Samastipur,Dumka,Sahibganj, Dev, Gaya, Ranchi,Hazaribagh,Rampurhat are known popular for chhath puja.
The main worshipers, called Parvaitin (from Sanskrit parv, meaning 'occasion' or 'festival'), are usually women. However, a large number of men also observe this festival. The parvaitin pray for the well-being of their family, and for the prosperity of their offsprings. Once a family starts performing Chhatt Puja, it is their duty to perform it every year and to pass it on to the following generations. The festival is skipped only if there happens to be a death in the family that year.
The prasad offerings include sweets, Kheer, Thekua and fruit offered in small bamboo soop winnows. The food is strictly vegetarian and it is cooked without salt, onions or garlic. Emphasis is put on maintaining the purity of the food.[10]
Day 1: Nahay khay (literally, bathe and eat)
On the first day of Chhath Puja, the devotees take a dip, preferably in the holy river Ganges, and carry home the holy water of the river Ganges to prepare the offerings. The house and surroundings are scrupulously cleaned. The parvaitins allow themselves only one meal on this day.It is also known as " kaddu-bhat" in some region.Generally Parvaitin eat kaddu, channa dal, and arwa chawal (non-boiled rice). Traditionally the food is cooked on an earthen stove & mango wood is used as fuel. Only, preferably, new bronze or earthen utensils are used to prepare the food. If old utensils are used, non veg should never have been cooked in it. But nowadays steel utensils are also used in preparation of the food.
Day 2: Kharna or Lohanda (the day before Chhath)
On Panchami, the day before Chhath, the parvaitins observe a fast for the whole day, which ends in the evening a little after sunset. Just after the worship of earth, the offerings of Rasiao-kheer (rice delicacy), puris (deep-fried puffs of wheat flour) and bananas, are taken to break the fast. No sugar is used, only jaggery is used to sweeten the kheer . This is then distributed among family and friends. From this day on wards, for the next 36 hours, the parvaitin goes on a fast without water.
[21]People also make idol of Sama and Chakeba festival on Kharna Day, and play Sama Chakeba till Kartik Purnima.
The prasad is prepared by the parvaitin herself in the bronze or earthen ware utensil only. While eating the prasad by parvaitin if any unwanted thing like small stone etc. comes into the mouth immediately they have to stop eating without making any complain. The rice should therefore be clean. There should be no sound
Day 3: Chhath
Sanjhiya Arghya(ghat) (evening offerings): The day is spent preparing the prasad (offerings) at home. Those who help, also take a bath and fast till all the prasad is made. The wheat is washed and dried and even birds are not supposed to touch it. The mill is washed before grinding. On the eve of this day, the entire household accompanies the parvaitins to a riverbank, pond or a common large water body with the Thekuas fruits, etc to make the offerings (Aragh)of milk to the setting sun. It is during this phase of Chhath Puja that the devotees offer prayers to the just setting sun, while the parvaitin chants the [{Gayatri Mantra}]. Traditionally during the aragh the parvaitin should be dressed like a bride and wear a plain saree with border colored with turmeric. But nowadays printed colored sarees are also in use.
The occasion is almost a carnival. Besides the parvaitin, there are friends and family, and numerous participants and onlookers, all willing to help and receive the blessings of the worshipper. Ritual rendition of regional folk songs, carried on through oral transmission from mothers and mothers-in-law to daughters and daughters-in-law, are sung on this occasion.
The folk songs sung on the evening of Chhath reflect the culture, social structure, mythology and history of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Nowadays, modern Chhath songs, largely Bollywood film remixes, have caught on, but the old tradition still goes strong with a great degree of sanctity. The three main linguistic regions of Bihar (the Maithili, the Magadhi, and the Bhojpuri), and all the various dialects associated with these, have different folk songs; but have an underlying unity in their dedicated to Chhath. The minor nuances of the Chhath rituals, such as in the Kharna ritual, vary from region to region and across families, but still there is a fundamental similarity.
Kosi: On the night of day three, a colorful event of Kosi is held. Here, lighted earthen lamps are kept under a canopy of five sugarcane sticks. The five sticks signify the human body made of Panchatattva (the five great elements - earth, water, fire, air and ether). This is a symbolic ritual in Chhath Puja, performed especially in those families where marriage or childbirth has taken place recently. The lighted lamps signify the solar energy sustaining the human being. People perform this ritual at home, during late evening on day three after making the offering to the just setting sun. After that, it is done at the banks of the river on day four before making the offerings to the rising sun.
Day 4: Paarun (the day after Chhath)
Bihaniya Aragh(ghat) (next morning offerings): On the final day of Chhath Puja, the devotees, along with family and friends, go to the riverbank before sunrise, in order to make the offerings (Aragh) to the rising sun. The festival ends with the breaking of the fast by the parvaitin and friends visiting the houses of the devotees to receive the prashad. The chhath has so much importance that even millionaire beg for prasad at the Chhath ghat. This symbolizes that all persons are beggar in front of the almighty. Witnessing Chhath being celebrated at the crack of the dawn on a river bank is a beautiful, elating spiritual experience connecting the modern Indian to his ancient cultural roots. After aragh, Ganga maiya is worshipped.
[edit]Yogic viewpoint
There is also a yogic process of Chhath that may have been associated with the religious observance of Chhath puja. All the traditional rules of Chhath puja have also got some strong scientific reasons behind it & by following that maximum benefits can be gained.
[edit]The Yogic Philosophy of Chhath
According to yogic philosophy, the physical bodies of all the living organisms are highly sophisticated energy conducting channels. The solar bio-electricity starts flowing in the human body when it is exposed to solar radiations of specific wavelengths. Under particular physical and mental conditions, the absorption and conduction of this solar-bio-electricity increases. The processes and the rituals of the Chhath puja aim at preparing the body and the mind of the Vratti (devotee) for the process of cosmic solar energy infusion.[citation needed]
The scientific process similar to Chhath was used by the Rishis of yore for carrying out their austerities without any intake of solid or liquid diet. Using a process similar to the Chhath puja, they were able to absorb the energy needed for sustenance directly from the sun, instead of taking it indirectly through food and water.
The retina is a kind of photoelectric material, which emits subtle energy when exposed to light. Hence, very subtle electric energy starts flowing from the retina. This energy (photo-bio-electricity) is transmitted from the retina to the pineal gland by the optic nerves connecting the retina to the pineal gland, leading to its activation. The pineal gland is in close proximity with the pituitary and hypothalamus glands (together, three glands are called Triveni) due to which, the energy generated in this process starts impacting these glands. Consequently, the pranic activity becomes uniform, giving the Vratti good health and a calm mind.
[edit]Stages of Chhath (Conscious Photoenergization Process)
According to Yoga philosophy, the process of Chhath is divided into six stages of the Conscious Cosmic Solar Energy Infusion Technique (Conscious Photoenergization Process).[11]
Stage 1: Fasting and the discipline of cleanliness leads to detoxification of the body and mind. This stage prepares the body and mind of the Vratti (devotee) to receive the cosmic solar energy.
Stage 2: Standing in a water body with half the body (navel deep) in the water minimizes the leak of energy and helps the prana (psychic energy) to move up the sushumna (psychic channel in the spine).
Stage 3: Cosmic Solar Energy enters the Vratti’s pineal, pituitary and hypothalamus glands (Triveni complex) through the retina and optic nerves.
Stage 4: Activation of Triveni tri-glandular complex (pineal, pituitary and hypothalamus).
Stage 5: A kind of polarization happens in the spine, which results in the Vratti’s (devotee) gross and subtle bodies getting transformed into a cosmic powerhouse. This can also lead to the awakening of the latent psychic energy popularly known as the Kundalini Shakti.
Stage 6: The body of the Vratti (devotee) becomes a channel which conducts, recycles and transmits the energy into the entire universe.
[edit]Benefits of Chhath process
The Chhath process results in detoxification
The Chhath process stresses mental discipline. The discipline of mental purity is a result of this work. By employing a number of rituals, the vrattis focus on maintaining the cleanliness of the offerings and environment. Cleanliness is the most dominant thought that prevails in the minds of all the devotees during Chhath.
This has a great detoxification effect on the body and the mind as mental moods can result in biochemical changes. Now comes the physical detoxification. The fasting paves the way for detoxification at a material level.
Detoxification helps in regularizing the flow of prana and makes the person more energetic. The natural immune system of the body spends much of its energy in fighting the toxins present in the body. By using the detoxification methods such as pranayam, meditation, yoga and Chhath practices, the amount of toxins present in the body can be reduced to a great extent. Thus, with reduction in the amount of toxins, the expenditure of energy also reduces and you feel more energetic. It improves the appearance of the skin. The eyesight can improve and the ageing process of the body slows down.
[edit]Benefits of Chhath Puja
Photo-electro-chemical effect: physical benefits
The Chhath practice improves the immunity of the Vratti’s body.
Antiseptic effect: Safe radiation of sunlight can help cure fungal and bacterial infections of the skin.
Raktavardhak (increase in fighting power of blood): As a consequence of the practice of Chhath, the energy infused in the blood stream improves the performance of white blood cells.
The solar energy has a great influence on the glands, which results in balanced secretion of hormones.
Energy requirements are met by the solar energy directly. This will further detoxify the body.
Photo-electro-psychic effects: mental benefits
A state of creative calmness will prevail in the mind.
To a great extent, all negative responses have their origin in the disturbed flow of prana. With the pranic flow regularized, the duration and frequency of occurrences of anger, jealousy, and other negative emotions will be reduced.
With patient and sincere practice, the psychic powers like intuition, healing, and telepathy awaken. This depends on the concentration with which the practice is undertaken.
[edit]Daily sun meditation (Chhath process)
In the fast lifestyle of the present times, it may not be possible to follow the Chhath process very often. The detoxification can be undertaken through pranayam, yoga, meditation and Conscious Photoenergization Process known as Chhath Dhyan Sadhana (CDS).
Chhath Dhyan Sadhana (CDS): Conscious Photoenergization Process
Assume a comfortable position (standing or sitting) with back and spine straight. With eyes closed, face the Sun. Inhale completely, as slowly as possible. Do not strain in making the breathing slow. Maintain your comfort level. As you breath in, visualize (feelingly experience) the cosmic solar energy entering through your eyes and moving to the pineal gland through optic nerves and charging the pineal–pituitary–hypothalamus complex. Now, as you exhale, visualize the cosmic solar energy flowing down the pineal gland and spreading throughout your body with a revitalizing effect.
Thus, the process starts with inhalation and ends in exhalation. This constitutes one round. It is suggested to start with five rounds (two minutes), and increase it time permitting. On completion of the practice, thank the Sun for bestowing upon you the life giving solar energy. Thereafter, sit quietly for a minute, observing the good things in the environment around.
CDS should be practiced within one-hour window after sunrise or within one-hour window before sunset. Any person of any age can practice CDS. If you wish to practice CDS at any time other than sunrise or sunset, do not practice it in front of Sun. You can however, practice CDS in a room. Even a bed-ridden person can try and consciously draw in the solar energy while lying on the bed. With regular practice, he/she will notice an improvement in physical and mental health. For those who are not comfortable facing the sun, they can practice the technique in any room having proper ventilation. If you have time, you can also practice it twice a day. Do not hurry in increasing the number of rounds, as there are no shortcuts to success in this method. The nervous system of the body takes its own time in adapting and to be able to receive the energy.
Significance of emphasis on sunrise and Sunset periods
Only sunrise and sunset are the periods during which the majority of humans can safely obtain the solar energy directly from the Sun. However, there may be some exceptions. That is why, in Chhath puja, there is a tradition of offering Arghya to the Sun in late evening and in early morning. During these phases (one hour window after sunrise and before sunset), the ultraviolet radiation levels remain in safe limits.
Shot with Nikon D90 Nikon D90 @ Nikon 50mm 1.8 lens
After sending my Salaam ... whenever I have aimed my camera at this revered Dargah of Mumbai ... Baba has been very very generous in making me shoot some riveting visual's one after another from past 3 years or so ...
here is the proof:
www.flickr.com/photos/humayunnapeerzaada/sets/72157600193...
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You said this about mystic.muse.nyx:
"
you touch the soul of human poetry of pain
lofty mountains on withering plains besotted
by the pitter patter of lashing rains
thank you"
OR
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You said this about manwar2010:
"you are lucky
you shoot gods backyard
on hope as memory card
you are a photographer
die hard
painting with light
every shard"
OR
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You said this about photographer695:
"A great photographer is not known by the greatness of his pictures or the greatness of what he shoots ,, but by his humility that emanates from his work..you sir are indeed a great photographer you touch the human soul with love hope peace and sensitivity ., if by chance you happen come to my world I would like you to meet my grand daughters bless them with your art and share meals with us .. the beggar poet ..from Mumbai"
OR
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You said this about 8hai - photography:
"One of the most intriguing street photographers at Flickr whose work I follow ,he says so much , and yet I feel he holds back something.. I dont know what , it mystically inspires me into silence and awe..
respect .. regards
beggar poet of india"
OR
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You said this about Anuj Nair:
"Anuj Nair
a composite fireball of talent live wire ..i met him today a cosmic accident of karmic fate ..just when i was about to retire ...from chaotic calisthenics of human desire ..bequeathing my breath on my grand children a hope i aspire ,,"
OR
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You said this about V. H. Hammer:
"A great human loving nature loving person.. Mrs VH Hammer
a picture of a Texas man
old but lithe lean
jellybeans ..a poetic paean
his eyes pristine clean
his surroundings evergreen
an american freedom
love liberty equality
in his genes ..
silent and serene"
OR
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You said this about Jean-Pierre ARIBAU:
"Jean-Pierre ARIBAU
shoots movements
as they flow
he captures
a frame
held to
eternity
poetically
it shows
as the
moment
never falters
silently
seamlessly
it grows
a tribute
to his art
his skill
says
beggar poet
firoze
bravo
bravo"
OR
I am into hair styling since 1995. I have not undergone any formal training course, absolutely nothing. But its an art which comes from within and says I have to beautify. I have to beautify everyone, thats why I learnt and learnt. I started off with a film and my husbands encouragement took me forward.
Seeing my work, I gained respect wherever I went. People talked nicely. They knew that whatever style I gave, will be good. Our film industry is a glamour triangle, between the cinematographer, make up artist and the hair stylist. These are the people who enhance an artist's beauty. Of course the artists' s are good, but this glamour triange enhances their beauty on screen.
I wish that I keep beautifying people, till my last breath.
९५ से में हेयर स्टाइलिंग में हूँ, कोई कोर्स नहीं किया, कुछ भी नहीं किया था, लेकिन एक कला देखकर ही बोलते है न की अंदर से की खूबसूरत बनाना है, सुन्दर बनाना है सबको, इसलिए में सीखती गई सीखती गई, शुरुआत ही मैने पिक्चर से की, मेरे हस्बैंड का प्रोत्साहन था इसलिए में आगे आई|
में जहाँ भी गई, मेरा काम देखकर सबने इज़्ज़त दी|
आर्टिस्ट तो खूबसूरत रहता ही है लेकिन कैमरामैन, मेक उप आर्टिस्ट और हेयर स्टाइलिस्ट का ये जो त्रिकोण है उस ख़ूबसूरत आर्टिस्ट को और खूबसूरत बनाकर परदे पर पेश करता है, ये त्रिकोण से परदे पर उनको और चार चाँद लग जाते है|
मेरी ईच्छा यही है की में मेरी ज़िन्दगी में आखिर तक सब को ख़ूबसूरत बनती रहूँ|