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Australasian Gannet
per Wikipedia, Gannets adaptations for diving include:
* no external nostrils;
* air sacs in their face and chest under their skin which act like bubble-wrap, cushioning the impact with the water;
* eyes are positioned far enough forward on their face to give them binocular vision, allowing them to judge distances accurately.
Gannets can dive from a height of 30 m, achieving speeds of 100 km/h as they strike the water, enabling them to catch fish much deeper than most airborne birds.
Australasian Gannet diving for fish
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A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. The two surviving species of camel are the dromedary, or one-humped camel (C. dromedarius), which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa; and the bactrian, or two-humped camel (C. bactrianus), which inhabits Central Asia. Both species have been domesticated; they provide milk, meat, hair for textiles or goods such as felted pouches, and are working animals with tasks ranging from human transport to bearing loads.
The term "camel" is derived via Latin and Greek (camelus and κάμηλος kamēlos respectively) from Hebrew or Phoenician gāmāl.
"Camel" is also used more broadly to describe any of the six camel-like mammals in the family Camelidae: the two true camels and the four New World camelids: the llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña of South America.
BIOLOGY
The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years. A full-grown adult camel stands 1.85 m at the shoulder and 2.15 m at the hump. Camels can run at up to 65 km/h in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to 40 km/h. Bactrian camels weigh 300 to 1,000 kg and dromedaries 300 to 600 kg.
The male dromedary camel has in its throat an organ called a dulla, a large, inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in rut to assert dominance and attract females. It resembles a long, swollen, pink tongue hanging out of the side of its mouth. Camels mate by having both male and female sitting on the ground, with the male mounting from behind. The male usually ejaculates three or four times within a single mating session. Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position.
ECOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ADAPTIONS
Camels do not directly store water in their humps as was once commonly believed. The humps are actually reservoirs of fatty tissue: concentrating body fat in their humps minimizes the insulating effect fat would have if distributed over the rest of their bodies, helping camels survive in hot climates. When this tissue is metabolized, it yields more than one gram of water for every gram of fat processed. This fat metabolization, while releasing energy, causes water to evaporate from the lungs during respiration (as oxygen is required for the metabolic process): overall, there is a net decrease in water.
Camels have a series of physiological adaptations that allow them to withstand long periods of time without any external source of water. Unlike other mammals, their red blood cells are oval rather than circular in shape. This facilitates the flow of red blood cells during dehydration and makes them better at withstanding high osmotic variation without rupturing when drinking large amounts of water: a 600 kg camel can drink 200 L of water in three minutes.
Camels are able to withstand changes in body temperature and water consumption that would kill most other animals. Their temperature ranges from 34 °C at dawn and steadily increases to 40 °C by sunset, before they cool off at night again. Maintaining the brain temperature within certain limits is critical for animals; to assist this, camels have a rete mirabile, a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other which utilizes countercurrent blood flow to cool blood flowing to the brain. Camels rarely sweat, even when ambient temperatures reach 49 °C Any sweat that does occur evaporates at the skin level rather than at the surface of their coat; the heat of vaporization therefore comes from body heat rather than ambient heat. Camels can withstand losing 25% of their body weight to sweating, whereas most other mammals can withstand only about 12–14% dehydration before cardiac failure results from circulatory disturbance.
When the camel exhales, water vapor becomes trapped in their nostrils and is reabsorbed into the body as a means to conserve water. Camels eating green herbage can ingest sufficient moisture in milder conditions to maintain their bodies' hydrated state without the need for drinking.
The camels' thick coats insulate them from the intense heat radiated from desert sand; a shorn camel must sweat 50% more to avoid overheating. During the summer the coat becomes lighter in color, reflecting light as well as helping avoid sunburn. The camel's long legs help by keeping its body farther from the ground, which can heat up to 70 °C. Dromedaries have a pad of thick tissue over the sternum called the pedestal. When the animal lies down in a sternal recumbent position, the pedestal raises the body from the hot surface and allows cooling air to pass under the body.
Camels' mouths have a thick leathery lining, allowing them to chew thorny desert plants. Long eyelashes and ear hairs, together with nostrils that can close, form a barrier against sand. If sand gets lodged in their eyes, they can dislodge it using their transparent third eyelid. The camels' gait and widened feet help them move without sinking into the sand.
The kidneys and intestines of a camel are very efficient at reabsorbing water. Camel urine comes out as a thick syrup, and camel feces are so dry that they do not require drying when the Bedouins use them to fuel fires.
Camels' immune system differs from those of other mammals. Normally, the Y-shaped antibody molecules consist of two heavy (or long) chains along the length of the Y, and two light (or short) chains at each tip of the Y. Camels, in addition to these, also have antibodies made of only two heavy chains, a trait that makes them smaller and more durable. These "heavy-chain-only" antibodies, discovered in 1993, are thought to have developed 50 million years ago, after camelids split from ruminants and pigs.
GENETICS
The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups, but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotime consisted of one metacentric, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the X is a large metacentric chromosome.The hybrid camel, a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels, has one hump, though it has an indentation 4–12 cm deep that divides the front from the back. The hybrid is 2.15 m at the shoulder and 2.32 m tall at the hump. It weighs an average of 650 kg and can carry around 400 to 450 kg, which is more than either the dromedary or Bactrian can. According to molecular data, the New World and Old World camelids diverged 11 million years ago. In spite of this, these species can still hybridize and produce fertile offspring. The cama is a camel–llama hybrid bred by scientists who wanted to see how closely related the parent species were. Scientists collected semen from a camel via an artificial vagina and inseminated a llama after stimulating ovulation with gonadotrophin injections. The cama has ears halfway between the length of camel and llama ears, no hump, longer legs than the llama, and partially cloven hooves. According to cama breeder Lulu Skidmore, cama have "the fleece of the llamas" and "the strength and patience of the camel". Like the mule, camas are sterile, despite both parents having the same number of chromosomes.
EVOLUTION
The earliest known camel, called Protylopus, lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago (during the Eocene). It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands of what is now South Dakota. By 35 million years ago, the Poebrotherium was the size of a goat and had many more traits similar to camels and llamas. The hoofed Stenomylus, which walked on the tips of its toes, also existed around this time, and the long-necked Aepycamelus evolved in the Miocene.
The direct ancestor of all modern camels, Procamelus, existed in the upper Miocone and lower Pliocene. Around 3–5 million years ago, the North American Camelidae spread to South America via the Isthmus of Panama, where they gave rise to guanacos and related animals, and to Asia via the Bering land bridge. Surprising finds of fossil Paracamelus on Ellesmere Island beginning in 2006 in the high Canadian Arctic indicate the dromedary is descended from a larger, boreal browser whose hump may have evolved as an adaptation in a cold climate. This creature is estimated to have stood around nine feet tall.
The last camel native to North America was Camelops hesternus, which vanished along with horses, short-faced bears, mammoths and mastodons, ground sloths, sabertooth cats, and many other megafauna, coinciding with the migration of humans from Asia.
DOMESTICATION
Most camels surviving today are domesticated. Along with many other megafauna in North America, the original wild camels were wiped out during the spread of Native Americans from Asia into North America, 12,000 to 10,000 years ago. The only wild camels left are the Bactrian camels of the Gobi Desert.
Like the horse, before their extinction in their native land, camels spread across the Bering land bridge, moving the opposite direction from the Asian immigration to America, to survive in the Old World and eventually be domesticated and spread globally by humans.
Dromedaries may have first been domesticated by humans in Somalia and southern Arabia, around 3,000 BC, the Bactrian in central Asia around 2,500 BC, as at Shar-i Sokhta (also known as the Burnt City), Iran.
Discussions concerning camel domestication in Mesopotamia are often related to mentions of camels in the Hebrew Bible. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J for instance mentions that "In accord with patriarchal traditions, cylinder seals from Middle Bronze Age Mesopotamia showed riders seated upon camels."
Martin Heide's 2010 work on the domestication of the camel tentatively concludes that the bactrian camel was domesticated by at least the middle of the third millennium somewhere east of the Zagros Mountains, then moving into Mesopotamia, and suggests that mentions of camels "in the patriarchal narratives may refer, at least in some places, to the Bactrian camel." while noting that the camel is not mentioned in relationship to Canaan.
Recent excavations in the Timna Valley by Lidar Sapir-Hen and Erez Ben-Yosef discovered what may be the earliest domestic camel bones found in Israel or even outside the Arabian peninsula, dating to around 930 BCE. This garnered considerable media coverage as it was described as evidence that the stories of Abraham, Joseph, Jacob and Esau were written after this time.
The existence of camels in Mesopotamia but not in Israel is not a new idea. According to an article in Time Magazine, the historian Richard Bulliet wrote in his 1975 book "The Camel and the Wheel" that "the occasional mention of camels in patriarchal narratives does not mean that the domestic camels were common in the Holy Land at that period." The archaeologist William F. Albright writing even earlier saw camels in the Bible as an anachronism. The official report by Sapir-Hen and Ben-Joseph notes that "The introduction of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) as a pack animal to the southern Levant signifies a crucial juncture in the history of the region; it substantially facilitated trade across the vast deserts of Arabia, promoting both economic and social change (e.g., Kohler 1984; Borowski 1998: 112-116; Jasmin 2005). This, together with the depiction of camels in the Patriarchal narrative, has generated extensive discussion regarding the date of the earliest domestic camel in the southern Levant (and beyond) (e.g., Albright 1949: 207; Epstein 1971: 558-584; Bulliet 1975; Zarins 1989; Köhler-Rollefson 1993; Uerpmann and Uerpmann 2002; Jasmin 2005; 2006; Heide 2010; Rosen and Saidel 2010; Grigson 2012). Most scholars today agree that the dromedary was exploited as a pack animal sometime in the early Iron Age (not before the 12th century BCE)" and concludes that "Current data from copper smelting sites of the Aravah Valley enable us to pinpoint the introduction of domestic camels to the southern Levant more precisely based on stratigraphic contexts associated with an extensive suite of radiocarbon dates. The data indicate that this event occurred not earlier than the last third of the 10th century BCE and most probably during this time. The coincidence of this event with a major reorganization of the copper industry of the region - attributed to the results of the campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I - raises the possibility that the two were connected, and that camels were introduced as part of the efforts to improve efficiency by facilitating trade."
MILITARY USES
By at least 1200 BC, the first camel saddles had appeared, and Bactrian camels could be ridden. The first saddle was positioned to the back of the camel, and control of the Bactrian camel was exercised by means of a stick. However, between 500–100 BC, Bactrian camels attained military use. New saddles, which were inflexible and bent, were put over the humps and divided the rider's weight over the animal. In the seventh century BC, the military Arabian saddle appeared, which improved the saddle design again slightly.
Camel cavalries have been used in wars throughout Africa, the Middle East, and into modern-day Border Security Force of India (though as of July 2012, the BSF has planned the replacement of camels with ATVs). The first use of camel cavalries was in the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC. Armies have also used camels as freight animals instead of horses and mules.
In the East Roman Empire, the Romans used auxiliary forces known as dromedarii, whom they recruited in desert provinces. The camels were used mostly in combat because of their ability to scare off horses at close ranges (horses are afraid of the camels' scent), a quality famously employed by the Achaemenid Persians when fighting Lydia in the Battle of Thymbra.
19th and 20th CENTURIES
The United States Army established the U.S. Camel Corps, which was stationed in California in the late 19th century. One may still see stables at the Benicia Arsenal in Benicia, California, where they nowadays serve as the Benicia Historical Museum. Though the experimental use of camels was seen as a success (John B. Floyd, Secretary of War in 1858, recommended that funds be allocated towards obtaining a thousand more camels), the outbreak of the American Civil War saw the end of the Camel Corps: Texas became part of the Confederacy, and most of the camels were left to wander away into the desert.
France created a méhariste camel corps in 1912 as part of the Armée d'Afrique in the Sahara in order to exercise greater control over the camel-riding Tuareg and Arab insurgents, as previous efforts to defeat them on foot had failed. The camel-mounted units remained in service until the end of French rule over Algeria in 1962.
In 1916, the British created the Imperial Camel Corps. It was originally used to fight the Senussi, but was later used in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in World War I. The Imperial Camel Corps comprised infantrymen mounted on camels for movement across desert, though they dismounted at battle sites and fought on foot. After July 1918, the Corps began to become run down, receiving no new reinforcements, and was formally disbanded in 1919.
In World War I, the British Army also created the Egyptian Camel Transport Corps, which consisted of a group of Egyptian camel drivers and their camels. The Corps supported British war operations in Sinai, Palestine, and Syria by transporting supplies to the troops.
The Somaliland Camel Corps was created by colonial authorities in British Somaliland in 1912; it was disbanded in 1944.
Bactrian camels were used by Romanian forces during World War II in the Caucasian region.
The Bikaner Camel Corps of British India fought alongside the British Indian Army in World Wars I and II.
The Tropas Nómadas (Nomad Troops) were an auxiliary regiment of Sahrawi tribesmen serving in the colonial army in Spanish Sahara (today Western Sahara). Operational from the 1930s until the end of the Spanish presence in the territory in 1975, the Tropas Nómadas were equipped with small arms and led by Spanish officers. The unit guarded outposts and sometimes conducted patrols on camelback.
FOOD USES
DAIRY
Camel milk is a staple food of desert nomad tribes and is sometimes considered a meal in and of itself; a nomad can live on only camel milk for almost a month. Camel milk is rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, and immunoglobulins; compared to cow's milk, it is lower in fat and lactose, and higher in potassium, iron, and vitamin C. Bedouins believe the curative powers of camel milk are enhanced if the camel's diet consists of certain desert plants. Camel milk can readily be made into a drinkable yogurt, as well as butter or cheese, though the yields for cheese tend to be low.
Camel milk cannot be made into butter by the traditional churning method. It can be made if it is soured first, churned, and a clarifying agent is then added. Until recently, camel milk could not be made into camel cheese because rennet was unable to coagulate the milk proteins to allow the collection of curds. Developing less wasteful uses of the milk, the FAO commissioned Professor J.P. Ramet of the École Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires, who was able to produce curdling by the addition of calcium phosphate and vegetable rennet. The cheese produced from this process has low levels of cholesterol and is easy to digest, even for the lactose intolerant. The sale of camel cheese is limited owing to the small output of the few dairies producing camel cheese and the absence of camel cheese in local (West African) markets. Cheese imports from countries that traditionally breed camels are difficult to obtain due to restrictions on dairy imports from these regions.
Additionally, camel milk has been made into ice cream in a Netherlands camel farm.
MEAT
A camel carcass can provide a substantial amount of meat. The male dromedary carcass can weigh 300–400 kg, while the carcass of a male Bactrian can weigh up to 650 kg. The carcass of a female dromedary weighs less than the male, ranging between 250 and 350 kg. The brisket, ribs and loin are among the preferred parts, and the hump is considered a delicacy. The hump contains "white and sickly fat", which can be used to make the khli (preserved meat) of mutton, beef, or camel. Camel meat is reported to taste like coarse beef, but older camels can prove to be very tough, although camel meat becomes more tender the more it is cooked. The Abu Dhabi Officers' Club serves a camel burger mixed with beef or lamb fat in order to improve the texture and taste. In Karachi, Pakistan, some restaurants prepare nihari from camel meat. In Syria and Egypt, there are specialist camel butchers.
Camel meat has been eaten for centuries. It has been recorded by ancient Greek writers as an available dish at banquets in ancient Persia, usually roasted whole. The ancient Roman emperor Heliogabalus enjoyed camel's heel.[31] Camel meat is still eaten in certain regions, including Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, and other arid regions where alternative forms of protein may be limited or where camel meat has had a long cultural history. Camel blood is also consumable, as is the case among pastoralists in northern Kenya, where camel blood is drunk with milk and acts as a key source of iron, vitamin D, salts and minerals. Camel meat is also occasionally found in Australian cuisine: for example, a camel lasagna is available in Alice Springs.
A 2005 report issued jointly by the Saudi Ministry of Health and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention details cases of human bubonic plague resulting from the ingestion of raw camel liver.
RELIGION
ISLAM
Camel meat is halal for Muslims. However, according to some Islamic schools of thought, a state of impurity is brought on by the consumption of it. Consequently, these schools hold that Muslims must perform wudhu (ablution) before the next time they pray after eating camel meat.
Also, some Islamic schools of thought consider it haraam for a Muslim to perform salat in places where camels lie, as it is said to be a dwelling place of shaytan.
According to Suni ahadith collected by Bukhari and Muslim, Muhammad ordered a certain group of people to drink camel milk and urine as a medicine. However, according to Abū Ḥanīfa, the drinking of camel urine, while not forbidden (ḥaram), is disliked (makrūh) in Islam.
Camel urine is sold as traditional medicine in shops in Saudi Arabia. The Sunni scholar Muhammad Al-Munajjid's IslamQA.info recommends camel urine as beneficial to curing certain diseases and to human health and cited Ahadith and scientific studies as justification. King Abdulaziz University researcher Dr. Faten Abdel-Rajman Khorshid has claimed that cancer and other diseases could be treated with camel urine as recommended by the Prophet. The United Arab Emirates "Arab Science and Technology Foundation" reported that cancer could be treated with camel urine. Camel urine was also prescribed as a treatment by Zaghloul El-Naggar, a religious scholar. Camel urine is the only urine which is permitted to be drunk according to the Hanbali madhhab of Sunni Islam. The World Health Organization said that camel urine consumption may be a factor in the spread of the MERS virus in Saudi Arabia. The Gulf Times writer Ahmad al-Sayyed wrote that various afflictions are dealt with camel urine by people. Dandruff, scalp ailments, hair, sores, and wounds were recommended to be treated with camel urine by Ibn Sina. Arab American University Professor of Cell Biology and Immunology Bashar Saad (PhD) along with Omar Said (PhD) wrote that medicinal use of camel urine is approved of and promoted by Islam since it was recommended by the prophet. A test on mice found that cytotoxic effects similar to cyclophosphamide were induced on bone marrow by camel urine. Besides for consumption as a medicinal drink, camel urine is believed to help treat hair. Bites from insects were warded off with camel urine, which also served as a shampoo. Camel urine is also used to help treat asthma, infections, treat hair, sores, hair growth and boost libido.
Several Sunni Ahadith mention drinking camel urine. Some Shia criticized Wahhabis for camel urine treatment. Shia scholars also recommend the medicinal use of camel urine. Shia Hadith on Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq reported that shortness of breath (asthma) was treated with camel urine. Shia Marja Ayatollah Sistani said that for medicinal purposes only, sheep, cow, and camel urine can be drunk.
JUDAISM
According to Jewish tradition, camel meat and milk are not kosher. Camels possess only one of the two kosher criteria; although they chew their cud, they do not possess cloven hooves:
Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that only chew the cud, or of them that only part the hoof: the camel, because he cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, he is unclean unto you.
— Leviticus 11:4
DISTRIBUTION ANDNUMBERS
There are around 14 million camels alive as of 2010, with 90% being dromedaries. Dromedaries alive today are domesticated animals (mostly living in the Horn of Africa, the Sahel, Maghreb, Middle East and South Asia). The Horn region alone has the largest concentration of camels in the world, where the dromedaries constitute an important part of local nomadic life. They provide nomadic people in Somalia (which has the largest camel herd in the world) and Ethiopia with milk, food, and transportation.
The Bactrian camel is, as of 2010, reduced to an estimated 1.4 million animals, most of which are domesticated. The only truly wild Bactrian camels, of which there are less than one thousand, are thought to inhabit the Gobi Desert in China and Mongolia.
The largest population of feral camels is in Australia. There are around 700,000 feral dromedary camels in central parts of Australia, descended from those introduced as a method of transport in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This population is growing about 8% per year. Representatives of the Australian government have culled more than 100,000 of the animals in part because the camels use too much of the limited resources needed by sheep farmers.
A small population of introduced camels, dromedaries and Bactrians, wandered through Southwest United States after having been imported in the 1800s as part of the U.S. Camel Corps experiment. When the project ended, they were used as draft animals in mines and escaped or were released. Twenty-five U.S. camels were bought and imported to Canada during the Cariboo Gold Rush.
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To minimize noise for neighbors we put the compressor into the garage and closed door - thank goodness we have lots of venting in the door
edited to minimize a little sun flare.
why does my lens give this nine pointed red pattern?
full frame
Same home, trying to minimize the garages (owner was with me on the shoot and wanted this).
I don't think it works as well.
Same work as the other photo, only this time I had to use MaskPro to put in a blue/cloud sky as it had become overcast.
Thoughts?
Michael
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i minimize the wires i need to carry with me by using bluetooth to sync my phone and computer, and replace long cables with retractable ones like ziplinq.
In this video, Dr. Illan explains the steps taken to avoid complications after surgery. If you have more questions, feel free to leave them in our comments, or visit the link now. drjalil.com/
• Physical protection of conductors (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit Bảo vệ tốt cáp điện-dây dẫn điện)
• Minimize fire problems due to Aged Electrical Wiring Systems
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chống cháy tốt do hệ thống cáp điện/ dây điện lão hóa theo thời gian)
• Added security and protection (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit tăng tính bảo mật & bảo vệ)
• EMI shielding (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chống nhiễu điện từ)
• Non-combustibility
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit không cháy và không tạo khói độc khi cháy như ống luồn PVC. Ở Việt
nam, đa số vụ cháy nhà cao tầng gây nhiều tử vong là do ngạt khói độc xuất hiện trong lúc cháy)
• Recyclability (Green Building)
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit có khả năng tái chế và thân thiện môi trường xanh)
• Proven equipment grounding conductor (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit có thể dùng chôn dưới đất)
• Adaptable to future wiring changes
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit dễ thay đổi hệ thống đi dây dẫn điện trong tương lai)
• High tensile strength (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chịu được va đập cao)
• Competitive life-cycle costs (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chi phí cho vòng đời sử dụng thấp)
• Coefficient of expansion compatible with common building materials
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit hệ số dãn nở thấp phù hợp sử dụng với vật liệu xây dựng thông dụng)
• Chemically compatible with concrete
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit tương tích với các hóa chất trong bê tông)
I. Ống thép luồn dây điện G.I CVL® (G.I conduit – Steel conduit- Galvanized steel conduit)- Ống thép luồn điện EMT CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Electrical Metallic Tubing) ANSI C80.3/UL 797
- Ống thép luồn điện IMC CVL®-VIETNAM(CVL® Intermediate Metal Conduit) UL 1242
-Ống thép luồn dây điện loại ren BS 4568 Class 3 CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Conduit BS4568 Class 3)
- Ống thép luồn dây điện ren BS 31 Class B CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Conduit BS 31 Class B)
- Ống thép luồn dây điện trơn JIS C 8305 CVL® loại E-VIETNAM (CVL® Steel Conduit-Plain Type E)
The Elevate range by Joseph Joseph has been specifically designed to improve hygiene and minimize the mess made by placing utensils onto kitchen surfaces during use. Each tool has an innovative, weighted handle with an integrated tool rest to ensure that when a product is placed down, its head or blade is raised above the work surface. The utensils in this set are made from a high-quality 18/8 stainless-steel, equipped with heat resistant nylon heads (up to 392˚F) and handles with a polished stainless-steel end. This set contains six essential kitchen tools that rest on a space-saving, rotating stand equipped with a non-slip base. Ideal for storing kitchenware on the worktop while saving space, this set will ensure that the tools you need are always close at hand.
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Optimizing the performance. Minimizing the amount of images should help us to speed up the application load.
YSlow extension of Firebug is giving as A Grade. We sill need to implement the GZip on the server which will give us 14sA out of 15 items.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District dispatched personnel and resources Aug. 14 to assist the White Mountain Apache community with its limited flood risk minimization measures.
Anne Hutton, the District's chief of Emergency Management explained that the project was made possible through a provision of PL 84-99 that allows the Corps to provide technical and direct assistance in advance of a flood event when we can show an imminent threat of unusual flooding.
"A series of four storm-related floods June 28 - 29, July 2 and Aug. 11 - with debris flows from the burned watershed upstream - prompted a release of emergency funding for flood fighting measures," said Hutton.
The Cedar Creek Fire burned approximately 46,000 acres of the Fort Apace Reservation between June 17 and July 2.
"Because of the greater than average fire-related flood risk this storm season, the Corps has identified that risk reduction measures are most needed for the lower streambank areas of Cedar Creek," added Hutton.
Flood fighting measures will include strategic installation of approximately 1.5 miles of temporary protective barriers along the Cedar Creek.
The Corps provides engineering services to respond to national and natural disasters to minimize damages and help in recovery efforts.
• Physical protection of conductors (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit Bảo vệ tốt cáp điện-dây dẫn điện)
• Minimize fire problems due to Aged Electrical Wiring Systems
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chống cháy tốt do hệ thống cáp điện/ dây điện lão hóa theo thời gian)
• Added security and protection (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit tăng tính bảo mật & bảo vệ)
• EMI shielding (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chống nhiễu điện từ)
• Non-combustibility
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit không cháy và không tạo khói độc khi cháy như ống luồn PVC. Ở Việt
nam, đa số vụ cháy nhà cao tầng gây nhiều tử vong là do ngạt khói độc xuất hiện trong lúc cháy)
• Recyclability (Green Building)
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit có khả năng tái chế và thân thiện môi trường xanh)
• Proven equipment grounding conductor (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit có thể dùng chôn dưới đất)
• Adaptable to future wiring changes
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit dễ thay đổi hệ thống đi dây dẫn điện trong tương lai)
• High tensile strength (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chịu được va đập cao)
• Competitive life-cycle costs (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chi phí cho vòng đời sử dụng thấp)
• Coefficient of expansion compatible with common building materials
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit hệ số dãn nở thấp phù hợp sử dụng với vật liệu xây dựng thông dụng)
• Chemically compatible with concrete
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit tương tích với các hóa chất trong bê tông)
I. Ống thép luồn dây điện G.I CVL® (G.I conduit – Steel conduit- Galvanized steel conduit)- Ống thép luồn điện EMT CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Electrical Metallic Tubing) ANSI C80.3/UL 797
- Ống thép luồn điện IMC CVL®-VIETNAM(CVL® Intermediate Metal Conduit) UL 1242
-Ống thép luồn dây điện loại ren BS 4568 Class 3 CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Conduit BS4568 Class 3)
- Ống thép luồn dây điện ren BS 31 Class B CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Conduit BS 31 Class B)
- Ống thép luồn dây điện trơn JIS C 8305 CVL® loại E-VIETNAM (CVL® Steel Conduit-Plain Type E)
Used Polarizing filter to minimize the glare, trying with both hosta leaf pictures to find a crop that gives the rhythms coherence and a center. This crop was my first attempt, and I hope that the final output preserves the details int he shadow areas.
Thermal Pool Cover minimizes heat loss that occurs overnight when temperatures go down. Thus, you get to enjoy warm water that's good for swimming even on the next day. To minimize evaporation, the use of a pool cover is advised. For more information visit our website: www.autopoolreel.com/
The Secretariat of the Platform on Disaster Displacement (PDD), with funding from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, has embarked on the “Action and Support to Avert, Minimize and Address Displacement Related to the Adverse Effects of Climate Change” Project, aiming to develop a better understanding of displacement as loss and damage and enhance action and support for measures aimed at averting, minimizing, and addressing displacement related to the adverse effects of climate change.
This event discussed developing and implementing efforts to address the human mobility implications of loss and damage relevant to global policy-making and operational efforts across regions.
6 June 2017- Peter Thomson, President of the 71st session of the General Assembly, greets the co-chairs Prince Albert II of Monaco (right) and Agostinho Mondlane, Minister of the Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries, Mozambique at Partnership Dialogue 3: Minimizing and addressing ocean acidification during The Ocean Conference at the UN.
©OPGA/Ariana Lindquist
As you curate your daily ensemble, factors such as weather, mood, and occasion undoubtedly influence your sartorial choices, reflecting how you wish to present yourself to the world. For those aspiring to achieve a slimmer and more trim appearance, the question often arises: Can the color of your clothing play a role in creating this effect? Specifically, there’s a prevalent notion that donning black clothing, especially black shirts and pants, can contribute to a visually slimming effect.
In our fashion-conscious community, this concept has sparked curiosity — is there substance behind this style tip, or is it merely an age-old belief? This article delves into the truth behind whether black clothing, particularly black shirts, has the potential to create a slimming illusion, enhancing the wearer’s overall appearance.
How Black Shirts Can Create a Slimming Effect
Wearing black shirts and tops can create an illusion of appearing thinner. The dark color minimizes the appearance of curves and imperfections. The slimming effect of black clothing results
1. Optical Illusion
The dark color black absorbs light and conceals the shape and size of the body. This makes the body appear more streamlined and compact. The color also minimizes the perception of depth, making curves seem flatter.
Example: Both above images are on the same model, same fit and same style.
But you may experience a optical illusion that the model wearing black shirt looks slimmer. This optical illusion occurs due to Elongating effect of the black shirt.
2. Elongating Effect
Vertical lines on a black shirt, like stripes, elongate the body and create a slimming appearance. The darker hues also make a person appear taller, which in turn makes them seem thinner.
Example: Since the black shirt has no visual breaks and has continuity it tends to look slimmer than the other shirt on the same model. In some cases the black shirt also camouflages the body shapes and bulges.
3. Camouflage of Body Imperfections
Black clothing obscures the appearance of bulges, rolls and protrusions on the body. The dark pigment helps disguise imperfections, giving the body a smoother and trimmer look.
Example: Since the bulges create a wave effect and these waves can be see more easily on lighter shades. You may observe that a the waviness is hidden in dark colors as the light doesn’t reflect back.
4. Flattering Silhouettes
Loose and flowing or tailored and fitted black tops help contour the body in a flattering way. A looser cut shirt skims over the body, concealing bulges. A fitted top accentuates the slimmest parts of the torso. Pairing a black shirt with pants of the same color further enhances your shape.
In summary, wearing black clothing, especially shirts and tops, can make you appear visibly slimmer and more svelte. The dark color, camouflaging effect and elongating lines all combine to create an optical illusion of a thinner body. Selecting styles that flatter your body shape will maximize the slimming power of the color black. With the right cut and fit, black shirts can shave off the pounds in appearance.
Choosing the Right Fit and Style of Black Shirt
To achieve a slimming effect with a black shirt, choosing the right fit and style is key.
1. Fit
An well-fitted shirt that contours to your body without pulling or sagging will create a trim silhouette. Look for a size that fits closely but still allows you to move comfortably. For the most flattering fit, consider:
1. A tailored cut that follows your natural waistline. An untucked, boxy cut will add bulk.
2. Vertical details like pleats, darts or princess seams that create a long, lean line.
3. Stretch fabrics like jersey knit that provide shape without clinging.
When choosing a shirt to make you slimmer watch out for a fit that has best fit on your shoulder and chest.
Now next depends on the type of body you have :
1. Flat Stomach & Athletic body type -
If you have a perfect flat belly you may go for super slim fit and also try a stretch cotton shirt which is even slight tight this will accentuate your body and make you look leaner and taller. In all physically more attractive.
2. Beer Belly but toned shoulder / chest -
Lets say if you are some one who has an over good shape but seems to have put up a bear belly of paunch then you try to go fitted on shoulders and cheat but when it come to the waist you need to take a fit which falls straight from the chest and doesn’t taper till hips. This will accentuate your shoulders and chest but camouflage the belly.
3. Over all larger in size -
Now if you are some who has picked up weight over all then you would need to follow the same tip as above for shoulders and chest but take a slightly shorter length and keep your shirt out. Avoid tucking in of your shirts as these will immediately bring the focus on your stomach create a different look. Also due to larger sizing the tucking may usually come out making you look shabby hence keeping the shirt out would help you look the best.
2. Style
In addition to fit, certain styles of black shirts will enhance your shape.
• A button-down shirt with a spread or cutaway collar helps elongate the neck. Leave the top button undone for a relaxed yet polished style.
• A sleeveless blouse or shell under a structured jacket slims the arms and midsection. The dark color under the jacket has a corseting effect.
• A tunic-length top with an asymmetrical hem skims over the hips and thighs. Pair with slim bottoms and heels for a chic, minimalist look.
By selecting a well-fitting black shirt in a flattering style, you can achieve a slim, polished silhouette. A timeless and versatile garment, the black shirt is a wardrobe essential that when tailored to your body type can make you look and feel your best. With the right accessories and layers, a single black shirt provides endless stylish options for any occasion.
Pairing Black Shirts With Other Colors and Patterns
Pairing your black shirt with complementary colors and patterns is key to achieving a balanced and flattering look.
1. Colors
Choose colors that contrast well with black to create an eye-catching combination. jewel tones like emerald green, ruby red or sapphire blue pair nicely with black and accentuate your best features. Neutral colors such as gray, white and tan also work well for a lighter contrast. For a bolder statement, bright colors like yellow, orange or pink create a vibrant complementary color scheme when matched with black.
Whatever colors you choose, aim for a balanced contrast that flatters your skin tone. For example, darker jewel tones may overpower lighter skin while bright warm colors can wash out cooler skin tones. Finding the right balance of contrast for your complexion is key.
2. Patterns
Incorporating patterned pieces is an easy way to elevate an all-black outfit and create interesting contrast. Polka dots, stripes and floral prints are classic patterns that pair well with black. For a subtle contrast, choose a pattern in the same color family such as black and gray stripes or dark jewel-toned florals. Bolder prints with contrasting colors make more of a statement.
Mixing multiple patterns in one outfit can be tricky to pull off. As a rule of thumb, choose patterns that differ in scale and limit to two or three in one look. For the most flattering and cohesive style, choose a pattern that flatters your body type, complements your skin tone and incorporates at least one color from the black and patterned pieces. With the right balance of colors and patterns, black shirts can be a stylish and versatile wardrobe staple.
Tips for Maximizing the Slimming Effect of Your Black Shirts
To maximize the slimming effect of wearing black shirts, follow these tips:
1. Choose a shirt made of dense, structured fabric
Thicker, structured fabrics like twill, poplin or oxford cloth help create an opaque, solid surface that is more slimming than thin or clingy fabrics. Sturdier fabrics also provide more coverage and help disguise lumps or lines.
2. Select a simple, solid black shirt
A plain black shirt without patterns, prints or embellishments gives the most streamlined look. Any details, textures or patterns on the shirt will attract attention and make you appear wider. A simple, matte black shirt helps to visually minimize your shape.
3. Size up for the most flattering fit
Choose a shirt that is slightly loose-fitting. An oversized shirt will add bulk, but a shirt that is too tight will cling in unflattering ways and emphasize any imperfections. A shirt that skims your body without hugging it gives the most svelte silhouette. You want it to graze over your shape, not squeeze it.
4. Create shape with a belt
Adding a belt over your black shirt helps to create shape and dimension. A medium-width belt in a coordinating solid color is most effective. Place the belt at the narrowest part of your torso to achieve an hourglass shape. The belt also provides a focal point to draw attention upwards and inwards.
5. Pair with slim bottoms
Black shirts look most balanced when paired with bottoms of a similar shade or in a complementary dark, solid color. Slim-fitting bottoms in black, charcoal gray or navy help to streamline your lower half. Avoid lighter colors, wide-leg pants or shorts which can make you appear wider by contrast.
Following these useful tips will help you maximize the slimming illusion of wearing all black. With the right fabrics, fit and accents you can achieve a svelte silhouette to make you look and feel your best.
The Best Black Shirts for Men to Try This Season
If you’re looking to appear slimmer, darker clothing is the way to go. Black shirts, in particular, are excellent for creating a slimming effect. Here are some of the best black shirt options for men this season:
1. Solid Black Button-Down Shirt
A simple black button-down shirt is a classic choice and versatile enough to be dressed up or down. Made of cotton or a cotton blend, a solid black button-down shirt provides a polished look when tucked into trousers or a slimming effect when left untucked over jeans or chinos.
2. Henley Shirt
A black henley shirt, featuring a buttoned placket and rounded neckline, has a laidback yet stylish look. The vertical row of buttons helps to create a lengthening effect. Long- sleeved henley shirts are versatile enough to wear year-round, while short-sleeved versions are ideal for warmer weather. Henley shirts come in both fitted and loose styles, depending on your preference. Cotton, polyester, and rayon are popular fabric choices.
In summary, solid black shirts, darker shades and vertical details like v-necks or button plackets help to streamline your shape and create a slimming silhouette. Well-fitting, breathable fabrics in cotton or cotton blends will keep you comfortable while achieving this effect. Adding a structured jacket or tailored overshirt and slim-cut trousers completes a polished, professional ensemble. With the right style and fit, black shirts can make a stylish and flattering addition to any wardrobe.
As you have seen, wearing black shirts can create an illusion of appearing slightly thinner, but it is not an effective or sustainable solution for weight loss or body image issues. The effects are modest at best and purely based on visual perception. For meaningful and long-term change, focus on developing healthy habits and accepting yourself. Do not rely on fashion tricks or quick fixes. You deserve to feel comfortable and confident in your own skin regardless of what you are wearing. The healthiest approach is to exercise, eat right, reduce stress, and avoid unhealthy social comparisons. Your worth goes far beyond just your clothing or appearance. You are a multi-dimensional human being with inherent value. Choose to nourish your body and mind, then dress in whatever colors you like!
Stay tuned as we navigate through the cultural context of fashion in the UAE and examine whether the choice of color can indeed influence perceptions of a slimmer and more toned physique. Discover the nuances of this fashion advice and uncover whether incorporating black into your wardrobe can be a subtle yet impactful way to project confidence and style.
To ensure our fashion-forward audience in the UAE can experience the slimming magic of black shirts, our exclusive collection is now available on Amazon UAE!
Shop now in UAE from Amazon — www.amazon.ae/s?k=ozmod&crid=2AHX99UDF59SJ&sprefi...
Sometimes we gotta look at things minimized, in order to see it clearly!...
Magna Plaza mall - Amsterdam
Madurodam
25.7.2011
[SOOC]
I am practicing yarn management so as to minimize the amount of non-knitting work. I'm knitting the sleeves in the round so there won't be any seaming to do. I've also opted not to continue the stripe pattern for the length of the sleeves. Instead, I finished out the stripe from the separation from the body, and then I'll add a stripe at the bottom for a cuff/hem finish. I worked the left sleeve until my first ball of yarn was finished. Now that's on hold for the time being. This is bordering on obsession... ;)
A good women's sports bra minimizes your breast movement as much as you want. Women sports bra prevents excessive bouncing. It doesn’t let you distract yourself from pursuing your daily fitness activity. When you buy a bra that doesn’t fit well will be a drag and can lead to soreness around your breast area. Severe chafing, pain and tissue damage are some common problems faced with uncomfortable women sports bras. For some ladies, such pain and discomfort are a real barrier to their exercising time.
This shot was taken by our photographer placing his cheek against the wall at one end and taking the picture. You can definitely see the bowing clearly. Look familiar? Contact Peak Structural at 303 243 3028 or www.peakstructural.com/
To minimize air pollution the road remain s continuously moist / Para minimizar contaminación del aire el camino se moja continuamente.
To minimize nest predation by feral cats and humans and improve the reproductive success of the Boa Vista osprey (Pandion haliaetus) population, the National Directorate for the Environment (DNA) and BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development - have erected several artificial nesting platforms in coastal nesting areas, where low productivity or breeding failure have been rampant in previous seasons. The DNA (through the Directorate for Management of Natural Resources, grants allocated for activities under the CMS Convention) and The International Osprey Foundation (TIOF) have funded this project that was executed between October and November 2014. Cabeólica and CVTelecom are major partners of this conservation initiative that aims at preserving one of the most emblematic species of Cape Verde.
Currently, several platforms that were erected are used by osprey.
Samsung Galaxy A51 has obtained a worth minimize in India. The 6GB RAM possibility that noticed a rise in April because of the GST charge hike from 12 % to 18 %, is now listed at its authentic worth level. Moreover, the 8GB RAM possibility is listed with a worth minimize of Rs. 2,000 as effectively. Aside from this, Samsung can also be operating a suggestion whereby it's providing an extra Rs. 1,500 cashback to HSBC and SBI bank card holders, enabling them to purchase the system at an efficient low worth beginning at Rs. 22,499.Samsung Galaxy A51 worth minimize in India, cashback supplyThe Samsung Galaxy A51 6GB RAM + 128GB storage possibility is listed at a revised worth of Rs. 23,999 on the company site. The 8GB RAM + 128GB storage possibility, however, is listed at a revised worth of Rs. 25,999. The 6GB RAM possibility was launched in India in January for a similar worth as above. Nevertheless, it obtained the GST-related price hike in April, making it go as much as Rs. 25,250. The corporate has now determined to decrease the value again right down to its authentic launch worth at Rs. 23,999, introducing an efficient worth minimize of Rs. 1,251.The 8GB RAM possibility of the Samsung Galaxy A51 was launched a lot later in Could for a worth of Rs. 27,999 in India. This mannequin is now listed for Rs. 25,999, which suggests a worth minimize of Rs. 2,000 has been launched right here as effectively. dubaarnews.com/2020/08/07/samsung-galaxy-a51-price-in-ind...
Hanceville Mayor Kenneth Nail along with members of Hanceville Police Department, Hanceville Fire & Rescue and various other employees with city government were out at 6:30 am Christmas Day working to save portions of Hanceville ahead of the larger monsoon rains that came later in the day.
Its been a long time Flickr.
(Well over a week, and that's long for me seeing as I have been dedicated to at least one upload per week for quite some time now!)
Anyways, my family and I were supposed to fly out to London yesterday... That didn't quite work out. Grrr...
It's been hectic! But here are some pretty colors for you to look at!
A conductor rail side ramp is used to minimize the risk of trains being "gapped", with no shoes in contact with the conductor rail. This could be a issue in areas with complex pointwork.
There are some disadvantages of side ramps, such as it can be used up to certain line speeds. In the above example, if a train is diverging on the points going from top right to bottom right, then the side ramp can be used at line speed.
But if a train is converging at the points going from bottom right to top right, then the maximum speed would be limited to 20mph, due to the angle of the ramp.
Another disadvantage is that it can be in very close proximity to point machines, especially if point rods passes under the conductor rail or to clamplocks.
Trying to show the idea that I want to maximize the use of vertical space while minimizing the need for horizontal space. In small urban homes horizontal space is limited so vertical space becomes a commodity.
Roofing installation errors can lead to significant issues if not appropriately addressed. Proper roofing installation is crucial for a roof's overall durability and longevity. Whether installing a new roof or replacing an old one, avoiding roofing installation errors is of utmost importance. This ensures the roof's structural integrity and minimizes the potential for future problems and costly repairs. A well-installed roof provides a strong barrier against natural elements such as rain, snow, wind, and sunlight, which can all cause damage if the installation is not done correctly. Furthermore, avoiding installation errors can help maintain your home's energy efficiency, as a properly installed roof can contribute to better insulation and reduce heating and cooling costs. Considering the investment in roofing projects, it is essential to prioritize proper installation to make the most of your investment and enjoy a durable and secure roof for years to come.
Common Mistakes That Can Lead to Premature Roof Failure
Premature roof failure can be caused by several common mistakes during installation. One of the most frequent errors is improper flashing installation, which can lead to water infiltration and subsequent water damage. Another mistake is using the wrong type of roofing materials for the specific climate or roof design, which can result in premature deterioration and mold growth. Insufficient insulation and ventilation can also contribute to premature roof failure, leading to moisture buildup and mold formation. Additionally, poor installation of shingles or improper nailing techniques can cause shingles to become loose or blow off during storms, leading to costly repairs. Avoiding these common installation mistakes is essential to prevent premature roof failure, water damage, mold growth, and expensive repairs.
Improper Installation Techniques
When it comes to roofing installation, using proper techniques is crucial for the longevity and durability of your roof. Unfortunately, several common roofing mistakes and efficiently avoidable errors can occur during the installation process. These errors can have serious consequences, leading to costly repairs and even the need for a complete roof replacement. Understanding and avoiding these improper installation techniques ensures your roof remains in top condition for years. From using suitable materials and equipment to following industry best practices, it is essential to prioritize proper attic ventilation and protection against wind-driven rain to protect your investment and maintain the integrity of your roof.
Lack of Proper Training and Experience
Having proper training and experience is crucial when it comes to roof maintenance and repair. With the necessary knowledge and expertise, mistakes can be costly, and solutions can be effective. A roofing contractor should possess various skills and qualifications to ensure the job is done correctly. This includes familiarity with different roofing materials, knowledge of safety protocols, and experience diagnosing and addressing roofing issues. With the appropriate training and experience, a roofing contractor can provide high-quality services and avoid installation errors that may cause further damage to the roof. Hiring a professional with the right qualifications ensures the job is done efficiently and effectively, saving time and money in the long run.
Cutting Corners to Save Time or Money
Cutting corners to save time or money regarding roofing installation can have severe consequences and drawbacks. By compromising project execution or product quality, one risks obtaining compromised results that may not meet the required standards or roofing manufacturers for longevity. This can increase the risk of leaks, structural damages, or other issues that further escalate roof repair costs. Moreover, lower customer satisfaction is another potential drawback, as subpar roofing components can result in dissatisfaction and complaints. Cutting corners may also result in legal issues, as not adhering to building codes and industry standards can lead to legal penalties. Lastly, it can damage the reputation of the contractor or company involved, as word-of-mouth spreads fast, impacting future business opportunities. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize proper project execution and product quality, including roofing underlayment, to avoid these consequences and drawbacks.
Poor Workmanship
Poor quality is one of the most common and detrimental roofing installation errors that homeowners should be aware of. Substandard work and lack of attention to detail can result in many issues, including leaks, premature deterioration, and costly repairs. Roofing materials such as misaligned and starter shingles may need to be installed appropriately, leading to gaps, loose shingles, or incorrect alignment. Inadequate sealing and flashing can also allow water penetration, leading to structural damage and potential mold growth. Additionally, improper use of roofing nails and nail heads may result in shoddy craft that may void manufacturer warranties, leaving homeowners responsible for repair costs. By recognizing the importance of avoiding poor craft and consulting with roofing experts in installation, homeowners can ensure a long-lasting and durable roof that effectively protects their property.
Rushed or Sloppy Work
Rushed or sloppy work during an asphalt shingle roof installation can have serious consequences. It often leads to decreased quality and an increased likelihood of leaks and structural damage to the standard roof. Workers' risk of accidents and injuries increases when the job is rushed or carelessly. Not only does this affect the entire roof's durability and functionality, but it also hurts the contractor's or roofing company's reputation. To overcome rushed or sloppy work, it is essential to implement specific strategies. Setting realistic deadlines and prioritizing tasks ensure adequate time and attention are given to each aspect of the installation process, including roof edges and shingles. Breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable steps allows for better quality control and minimizes the chances of errors due to inadequate craft. Regular quality control measures and seeking feedback from customers and workers can significantly contribute to avoiding roofing installation errors and achieving a superior result. By diligently following these strategies, roofing professionals can ensure a high-quality installation that will provide long-lasting benefits for homeowners while maintaining a positive reputation in the industry.
Neglecting Important Details
Paying attention to essential details in roof construction, such as obtaining a roofing permit and ensuring the proper number of nails per shingle, can lead to hidden dangers and costly consequences. Errors such as improper flashing, inadequate attic insulation, or incorrect shingle placement can compromise the overall integrity of the roof system during roofing installation. These mistakes may take time to be apparent, but they can result in leaks, water damage, mold growth, and shingle deterioration over time. Additionally, neglected details can affect the roof's performance and lifespan, reducing its ability to withstand inclement weather conditions and increasing the risk of premature deterioration. By paying attention to crucial aspects of roof construction and hiring professional roofers, such as ensuring proper sealing, flashing installation, and ventilation, homeowners can provide a durable and long-lasting roof that protects their property effectively. Investing time and effort to avoid roofing installation errors ultimately leads to peace of mind, cost savings, and the advantage of a reliable roof that stands the test of time.
Inadequate Roof Deck Preparation
Proper roof deck preparation is critical in ensuring a successful roofing installation, especially in areas prone to severe weather and vulnerability to storms. Unfortunately, inadequate roof deck preparation is an all too common mistake that can lead to a range of problems and headaches down the line. Whether skipping necessary steps or rushing the process, neglecting to prepare the roof deck adequately can have serious consequences. From leaks and water damage to premature roof failure, the ramifications of this installation error can be costly and frustrating. By taking the time to understand and implement the proper techniques for roof deck preparation, homeowners can avoid these potential issues and set their roof installation up for long-term success.
Failure to Properly Inspect and Repair the Roof Deck
Failure to properly inspect and repair the roof deck can result in significant problems during the roofing installation or repair process. Inspecting the roof deck thoroughly to ensure its structural integrity is crucial. A damaged or compromised roof deck can lead to various issues, such as leaks and structural damage. To avoid these problems, several steps should be followed:
A proper inspection should be done to detect any signs of deterioration on the roof deck.
Any issues with the sheathing or substructure should be promptly addressed to prevent further damage.
Weak areas on the roof deck should be reinforced to ensure stability and longevity.
By adhering to these steps, homeowners can avoid costly and disruptive issues arising from a failure to properly inspect and repair the roof deck.
Using Damaged or Unsuitable Materials for the Deck
Using damaged or broken shingles or unsuitable materials for the layer of shingles can lead to a range of potential issues with the roof structure. Firstly, it can result in structural damage, compromising the overall stability and longevity of the roof structure. This poses a significant safety hazard for anyone using the roof. Additionally, using materials such as mismatched shingles or metal roofs unsuitable for the roof's specific needs and conditions can further exacerbate these problems. For example, if the roof is located in an area with severe weather conditions, using materials that lack weather resistance may lead to potential moisture damage or degradation over time.
Similarly, using materials that do not meet quality standards and do not have the appropriate load-bearing capabilities can cause the roof to become unstable and collapse under weight. Regular shingles misused can also contribute to wind damage, increasing the risk of further structural problems. To avoid these issues, it is crucial to ensure proper roof installation with quality standards and use materials suitable for the specific roofing type, such as slate roofs, known for their durability and aesthetic appeal. Choosing the appropriate materials ensures a roof that can withstand potential moisture damage, wind damage, and other elements while maintaining structural integrity for years.
Incorrect Roof Slope
One of the common roofing installation errors is an incorrect roof slope, which refers to the pitch or angle of the roof. A proper roof slope is essential for proper water drainage and preventing water pooling, which can lead to leaks and other potential moisture damage. An incorrect roof slope can cause water to accumulate on the roof's surface, leading to structural damage, roof leaks, and even mold or mildew growth. Furthermore, a roof with an incorrect slope can also affect the overall aesthetics of the building, as it may appear unbalanced or disproportionate. It is crucial to ensure that the roof slope is accurately calculated and installed with quality materials to avoid these potential issues and to maintain a durable and visually appealing roof. By avoiding the error of an incorrect roof slope, homeowners and building owners can benefit from a well-functioning, long-lasting roof that provides reliable protection from the elements.
Importance of Proper Roof Slope for Water Drainage
Proper roof slope is paramount regarding water drainage and avoiding installation errors during roofing. Different roof slopes require different roofing shingles and methods to ensure adequate water drainage. Neglecting to consider the appropriate slope for a roof can lead to structural issues and significant damage. When installing new roofing, it is essential to consider the roof's slope as it determines the suitable materials that should be used, such as slope roofing material, additional layer, or row of shingles. A steep slope, for instance, may require roofing shingles to prevent water from pooling and seeping into the roof. On the other hand, a flatter slope may require roll roofing or tiles to ensure proper runoff. By recognizing the significance of roof slope in water drainage and selecting suitable materials accordingly, homeowners can avoid the costly consequences of roofing installation errors and maintain a long-lasting, leak-free roof.
Consequences of a Flat or Improperly Sloped Roof
Having a flat or improperly sloped roof can have serious consequences for homeowners. When materials not suit the flat roof slope are used, roof issues such as water penetration become common. This can lead to a range of other problems, such as roof penetrations, leaks, mold growth, and potential damage to the interior and structure of the home. Additionally, a flat or improperly sloped roof is more susceptible to ponding water, further deteriorating the roofing material and increasing the risk of water shields and damage. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the correct materials, including synthetic materials where appropriate, are used and that the flow of water and the layer of water are appropriately managed to avoid these issues and maintain the integrity of the home's roof.
Learn more about roofing installation errors and the services we offer at Sky Roofing Construction & Remodeling: skyroofingconstructiontx.com/roofing-installation-errors/
• Physical protection of conductors (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit Bảo vệ tốt cáp điện-dây dẫn điện)
• Minimize fire problems due to Aged Electrical Wiring Systems
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chống cháy tốt do hệ thống cáp điện/ dây điện lão hóa theo thời gian)
• Added security and protection (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit tăng tính bảo mật & bảo vệ)
• EMI shielding (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chống nhiễu điện từ)
• Non-combustibility
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit không cháy và không tạo khói độc khi cháy như ống luồn PVC. Ở Việt
nam, đa số vụ cháy nhà cao tầng gây nhiều tử vong là do ngạt khói độc xuất hiện trong lúc cháy)
• Recyclability (Green Building)
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit có khả năng tái chế và thân thiện môi trường xanh)
• Proven equipment grounding conductor (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit có thể dùng chôn dưới đất)
• Adaptable to future wiring changes
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit dễ thay đổi hệ thống đi dây dẫn điện trong tương lai)
• High tensile strength (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chịu được va đập cao)
• Competitive life-cycle costs (ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit chi phí cho vòng đời sử dụng thấp)
• Coefficient of expansion compatible with common building materials
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit hệ số dãn nở thấp phù hợp sử dụng với vật liệu xây dựng thông dụng)
• Chemically compatible with concrete
(ống thép luồn dây điện steel conduit tương tích với các hóa chất trong bê tông)
I. Ống thép luồn dây điện G.I CVL® (G.I conduit – Steel conduit- Galvanized steel conduit)- Ống thép luồn điện EMT CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Electrical Metallic Tubing) ANSI C80.3/UL 797
- Ống thép luồn điện IMC CVL®-VIETNAM(CVL® Intermediate Metal Conduit) UL 1242
-Ống thép luồn dây điện loại ren BS 4568 Class 3 CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Conduit BS4568 Class 3)
- Ống thép luồn dây điện ren BS 31 Class B CVL®-VIETNAM (CVL® Conduit BS 31 Class B)
- Ống thép luồn dây điện trơn JIS C 8305 CVL® loại E-VIETNAM (CVL® Steel Conduit-Plain Type E)