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Researchers used the gene editing tool CRISPR to rapidly search the entire human genome for genetic suspects behind hereditary versions of ALS and FTD.
More info: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/crispr-helps-find-n...
Credit: Gitler Lab, Stanford University
NIH support from: National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Como,Vincenzo Castella's exhibition. 180x300cm LightJet prints: scans by CastorScan
N3 LightJet prints 180x300 cm on Kodak Endura Paper
Scans by CastorScan
Stampe digitali LightJet 180x300 cm su carta Kodak Endura.
Scansioni da negativi colore Kodak Portra 160NC 12x20 pollici (30x51 cm) realizzate da CastorScan su scanner a tamburo.
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CastorScan's philosophy is completely oriented to provide the highest scan and postproduction
quality on the globe.
We work with artists, photographers, agencies, laboratories etc. who demand a state-of-the-art quality at reasonable prices.
Our workflow is fully manual and extremely meticulous in any stage.
We developed exclusive workflows and profilation systems to obtain unparallel results from our scanners not achievable through semi-automatic and usual workflows.
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CastorScan uses the best scanners in circulation, Dainippon Screen SG-8060P Mark II, the best and most advanced scanner ever made, Kodak-Creo IQSmart 3, a high-end flatbed scanner, and Imacon 848.
The image quality offered by our Dainippon Screen 8060 scanner is much higher than that achievable with the best flatbed scanners or filmscanners dedicated and superior to that of scanners so-called "virtual drum" (Imacon – Hasselblad,) and, of course, vastly superior to that amateur or prosumer obtained with scanners such as Epson V750 etc .
Dainippon Screen SG-8060P Mark II exceeds in quality any other scanner, including Aztek Premier and ICG 380 (in the results, not just in the technical specifications).
8060's main features: 12000 dpi, Hi-Q Xenon lamp, 25 apertures, 2 micron
Aztek Premier's main features: 8000 dpi, halogen lamp, 18 apertures, 3 micron
ICG 380's main features: 12000 dpi, halogen lamp, 9 apertures, 4 micron
Some of the features that make the quality of our drum scanners better than any other existing scan system include:
The scans performed on a drum scanner are famous for their detail, depth and realism.
Scans are much cleaner and show fewer imperfections than scans obtained from CCD scanners, and thus save many hours of cleaning and spotting in postproduction.
Image acquisition by the drum scanner is optically similar to using a microscopic lens that scans the image point by point with extreme precision and without deformation or distortion of any kind, while other scanners use enlarger lenses (such as the Rodenstock-Linos Magnagon 75mm f8 used in the Hasselblad-Imacon scanners) and have transmission systems with rubber bands: this involves mild but effective micro-strain and micro-geometric image distortions and quality is not uniform between the center and edges.
Drum scanners are exempt from problems of flatness of the originals, since the same are mounted on a perfectly balanced transparent acrylic drum; on the contrary, the dedicated film scanners that scan slides or negatives in their plastic frames are subject to quite significant inaccuracies, as well as the Imacon-Hasselblad scanners, which have their own rubber and plastic holders: they do not guarantee the perfect flatness of the original and therefore a uniform definition between center and edge, especially with medium and large size originals, which instead are guaranteed by drum scanners.
Again, drum scanners allow scanning at high resolution over the entire surface of the cylinder, while for example the Hasselblad Imacon scans are limited to 3200 dpi in 120 format and 2000 dpi in 4x5" format (the resolution of nearly every CCD scanner in the market drops as the size of the original scanned is increased).
Drum scanners allow complete scanning of the whole negative, including the black-orange mask, perforations etc, while using many other scanners a certain percentage of the image is lost because it is covered by frames or holders.
Drum scanners use photomultiplier tubes to record the light signal, which are much more sensitive than CCDs and can record many more nuances and variations in contrast with a lower digital noise.
If you look at a monitor at 100% the detail in shadows and darker areas of a scan made with a CCD scanner, you will notice that the details are not recorded in a clear and clean way, and the colors are more opaque and less differentiated. Additionally the overall tones are much less rich and differentiated.
We would like to say a few words about an unscrupulous and deceitful use of technical specifications reported by many manufacturers of consumer and prosumer scanners; very often we read of scanners that promise cheap or relatively cheap “drum scanner” resolutions, 16 bits of color depth, extremely high DMAX: we would like to say that these “nominal” resolutions do not correspond to an actual optical resolution, so that even in low-resolution scanning you can see an enormous gap between drum scanners and these scanners in terms of detail, as well as in terms of DMAX, color range, realism, “quality” of grain. So very often when using these consumer-prosumer scanners at high resolutions, it is normal to get a disproportionate increase of file size in MB but not an increase of detail and quality.
To give a concrete example: a drum scan of a 24x36mm color negative film at 3500 dpi is much more defined than a scan made with mostly CCD scanner at 8000 dpi and a drum scan at 2500 dpi is dramatically clearer than a scan at 2500 dpi provided by a CCD scanner. So be aware and careful with incorrect advertisement.
Scans can be performed either dry or liquid-mounted. The wet mounting further improves cleanliness (helps to hide dirt, scratches and blemishes) and plasticity of the image without compromising the original, and in addition by mounting with liquid the film grain is greatly reduced and it looks much softer and more pleasant than the usual "harsh" grain resulting from dry scans.
We use Kami SMF 2001 liquid to mount the transparencies and Kami RC 2001 for cleaning the same. Kami SMF 2001 evaporates without leaving traces, unlike the traditional oil scans, ensuring maximum protection for your film. Out of ignorance some people prefer to avoid liquid scanning because they fear that their films will be dirty or damaged: this argument may be plausible only in reference to scans made using mineral oils, which have nothing to do with the specific professional products we use.
We strongly reiterate that your original is in no way compromised by our scanning liquid and will return as you have shipped it, if not cleaner.
With respect to scanning from slides:
Our scanners are carefully calibrated with the finest IT8 calibration targets in circulation and with special customized targets in order to ensure that each scan faithfully reproduces the original color richness even in the most subtle nuances, opening and maintaining detail in shadows and highlights. These color profiles allow our scanners to realize their full potential, so we guarantee our customers that even from a chromatic point of view our scans are noticeably better than similar scans made by mostly other scan services in the market.
In addition, we remind you that our 8060 drum scanner is able to read the deepest shadows of slides without digital noise and with much more detail than CCD scanners; also, the color range and color realism are far better.
With respect to scanning from color and bw negatives: we want to emphasize the superiority of our drum scans not only in scanning slides, but also in color and bw negative scanning (because of the orange mask and of very low contrast is extremely difficult for any ccd scanner to read the very slight tonal and contrast nuances in the color negative, while a perfectly profiled 8060 drum scanner – also through the analog gain/white calibration - can give back much more realistic images and true colors, sharper and more three-dimensional).
In spite of what many claim, a meticulous color profiling is essential not only for scanning slides, but also, and even more, for color negatives. Without it the scan of a color negative will produce chromatic errors rather significant, thus affecting the tonal balance and then the naturalness-pleasantness of the images.
More unique than rare, we do not use standardized profiles provided by the software to invert each specific negative film, because they do not take into account parameters and variables such as the type of development, the level of exposure, the type of light etc.,; at the same time we also avoid systems of "artificial intelligence" or other functions provided by semi-automatic scanning softwares, but instead we carry out the inversion in a full manual workflow for each individual picture.
In addition, scanning with Imacon-Hasselblad scanners we do not use their proprietary software - Flexcolor – to make color management and color inversion because we strongly believe that our alternative workflow provides much better results, and we are able to prove it with absolute clarity.
At each stage of the process we take care of meticulously adjusting the scanning parameters to the characteristics of the originals, to extrapolate the whole range of information possible from any image without "burning" or reductions in the tonal range, and strictly according to our customer's need and taste.
By default, we do not apply unsharp mask (USM) in our scans, except on request.
To scan reflective originals we follow the same guidelines and guarantee the same quality standard.
We guarantee the utmost thoroughness and expertise in the work of scanning and handling of the originals and we provide scans up to 12,000 dpi of resolution, at 16-bit, in RGB, GRAYSCALE, LAB or CMYK color mode; unless otherwise indicated, files are saved with Adobe RGB 1998 or ProPhoto RGB color profile.
I recently became interested in life in Gnammas (water containing depressions in more or less level rocky outcrops that hold water after rain). Life in gnammas is ephemeral as the cycle sex, eggs, hatch (after rain) and mature and sex again has to happen before the pool dries out. The pools are often quite shallow.
This guy is attached by its tail, probably to the slide, and the apparently rotating corona around the mouth is creating a flow of food bearing water towards the mouth parts. Rotifers are less than 0.7mm long.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection usually produces widespread bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia which may sometimes by associated with giant cells.
This image shows a non-specific interstitial pneumonia pattern with no giant cells present.
Smears of needle core biopsy with Pap stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA . Microscopic photo 100X with oil.
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This small cell carcinoma contains many small, shrunken, hyperchromatic nuclei in which no nuclear detail is seen. These are the nuclei of cells that are undergoing degenerative changes and necrosis. Cells of this type are very commonly seen in small cell carcinoma and are often the predominating cell type. The larger cells with nuclei exhibiting a finely granular chromatin pattern and high N/C ratio are the presumably viable cells.
On your knees for this kinda beauty.
More wildflowers in California -
www.totalescape.com/outside/event/california-wildflower-b...
BBC Earth Experience, London
Micro Life - taking a microscopic view to see the beauty of the smallr species.
Microscopic Photo. Staghorn pattern of ductal epithelial cells. Pap Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pleural biopsy with an endometrial type gland partially surrounded by stroma. Old hemorrhage in the left lower quadrant.
Image contributed by Dr. John Carney - @JMCarneyMD
Microscopic Photo. GMS fungal stain demonstrates numerous fungal organisms (pseudohyphae) in fibrinopurulent exudate and necrotic debris. GMS (Fungus) Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sclerosing pneumocytoma, originally thought to be a vascular neoplasm (sclerosing hemangioma), is derived from primitive respiratory epithelium possibly related to type 2 pneumocytes. Approximately 80% these tumors occur in females and there is a relatively high incidence in Japan and other far eastern countries. Four microscopic growth patterns are recognized; hemorrhagic, papillary, solid and sclerotic ; a mixture of these patterns is encountered in most cases.
Best seen in the papillary pattern are 2 cell types; cuboidal surface cells beneath which are round cells located in the stroma. Both surface and round cells cells express TTF1 and EMA. Pancytokeratin, CAM 5.2. CK7, and Napsin A are also expressed by the surface cells but are not or may be weakly expressed in the round cells.
Clinical behavior is almost always benign. Rare cases with metastases to hilar lymph nodes have been reported.
This image shows the papillary growth pattern in which the surface cuboidal cells and stromal round cells are well seen.
Image contributed by Dr. Konstantin Bräutigam - @PathologP
Taken for the "52 Photos Project" - Microscopic (2/52)
The blog post for this photo is here: grongar.com/2013/05/07/52-photos-microscopic/
Microscopic Photo. Section shows a vulva papillary squamous lesion with parakeratosis and areas of acanthosis. The complex squamous papillae are lined by well differentiated squamous cells with intact basement membrane. H&E Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Smears of needle core biopsy with Pap stain. The background of the smear exhibits tumor diathesis. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Microscopic photo 100X with oil.
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Follicular bronchiolitis may be associated with a variety of conditions including collagen vascular diseases, immunodeficiency syndromes, hypersensitivity reactions, bronchiectasis, obstructive pneumonia and chronic infections.In this individual the lesion is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis. It is characterized by the presence of lymphoid folllicles with germinal centers involving the wall of a bronchiole.
Foraminifera sp.?
Taken through a microscope, each individual is about 1mm in diameter.
Photo is available for use and distribution under Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Creative Commons Licence.
I request that I am informed of any use of the image, so that I can see how and where it is used.
Asteroid bodies are stellate inclusions with numerous rays radiating from a central core that are present in the cytoplasm of giant cells. . They may be be seen in sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. They are most frequently encountered in the giant cells of foreign body granulomas.
Gastric Polyp. Microscopic photo: Gastric polyp with elongated, tortuous or dilated gastric foveola, pyloric or fundic glands. H & E Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Microscopic Photo. Solid DCIS with intermediate nuclear grade. H&E Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gallbladder. Microscopic photo: Polypoid mucosal projection with lipid-laden macrophages covered by normal gallbladder epithelium. H & E Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Follicular bronchiolitis may be associated with a variety of conditions including collagen vascular diseases, immunodeficiency syndromes, hypersensitivity reactions, bronchiectasis, obstructive pneumonia and chronic infections. In this individual the lesion is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis.
This image illustrates bronchiectasis with exudate filling the lumen of an ectatic bronchus.
Paragonimiasis is caused by the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani which is most prominent in Asia and South America. Infection in humans is contracted by the ingestion of a crab or crayfish harboring the metacercariae. The metacercariae excyst in the small intestine and penetrate the intestinal wall gaining entrance to the peritoneal cavity and are then able to penetrate the diaphragm and invade the lungs where they develop into adults.The adult worms usually become surrounded by a fibrous capsule but they may also inhabit the airways. Ova are coughed up and either expectorated or swallowed and then excreted. If the ova find their way into water the miracidia emerge from the ova which may then be ingested by a suitable snail. Cercariae leave the snail and then invade a crab or crayfish where they develop into metacercariae, the infective stage for humans.
In this image part of an adult worm is present within a bronchus. Note the presence of numerous large ova in the in the left upper quadrant.
Contributed by Philip Kane, MD
75 year old non-smoking male who was a maintenance worker in an urban subway system for many years. Core biopsy of 1 of several pleural based masses on the right side. IHC results: positive for AE1/AE3, calretinin, CK 5/6 (focal), WT-1 (focal,weak), GLUT 1 (focal), mesothelin (focal,weak) and p53 (focal) Negative for D2-40, CEA, MOC31, BER-EP4, TTF-1, S100, Melan-A, HMB-45, SMA, Actin, p40 and EMA..
75 year old non-smoking male who was a maintenance worker in an urban subway system for many years. Core biopsy of 1 of several pleural based masses on the right side. IHC results: positive for AE1/AE3, calretinin, CK 5/6 (focal), WT-1 (focal,weak), GLUT 1 (focal), mesothelin (focal,weak) and p53 (focal) Negative for D2-40, CEA, MOC31, BER-EP4, TTF-1, S100, Melan-A, HMB-45, SMA, Actin, p40 and EMA..
Microscopic Photo. Solid DCIS with high nuclear grade. H&E Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Microscopic Photo. Gastric antral mass biopsy showing neoplastic intestinal glands resembling colonic adenocarcinoma, consistent with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma. H&E Stain. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Follicular bronchiolitis may be associated with a variety of conditions including collagen vascular diseases, immunodeficiency syndromes, hypersensitivity reactions, bronchiectasis, obstructive pneumonia and chronic infections.In this individual the lesion is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis. It is characterized by the presence of lymphoid folllicles with germinal centers involving the wall of a bronchiole.
Paragonimiasis is caused by the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani which is most prominent in Asia and South America. Infection in humans is contracted by the ingestion of a crab or crayfish harboring the metacercariae. The metacercariae excyst in the small intestine and penetrate the intestinal wall gaining entrance to the peritoneal cavity and are then able to penetrate the diaphragm and invade the lungs where they develop into adults.The adult worms usually become surrounded by a fibrous capsule but they may also inhabit the airways. Ova are coughed up and either expectorated or swallowed and then excreted. If the ova find their way into water the miracidia emerge from the ova which may then be ingested by a suitable snail. Cercariae leave the snail and then invade a crab or crayfish where they develop into metacercariae, the infective stage for humans.
This image shows two large ova with thick, yellow rims within lung parenchyma. The round ovum is cut in cross section.
Contributed by Philip Kane, MD