SYMBOLIC MEANINGS OF CLASSICAL CHINESE GARDEN DESIGN ELEMENTS Prof. Suining Ding, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne Suining Ding is an Associate Professor at Indiana University-Purdue University, FortWayne. Her research

interests include Digital 3D modeling, cross-cultural comparison of architecture, design methodology and design process, cognitive perceptions of interior space, and relationships of human behavior and environment. American Society for Engineering Education, 2012

Culture Reflections Embodied in Modern Architecture: An Analysis Symbolic Meanings of Classical Chinese Garden Design Elements and Principles When people walk into a space or built environment, people should feel the design intention made manifest through visual cues. Amos Rapoport stated that the built environment holds meaning as part of a cultural system of symbols, and influences our actions and our determinations of social order . It also has been a consensus that designers must understand the effect of the physical manifestation of design on people in the body of knowledge of the interior design profession . Therefore, understanding the symbolic meanings conveyed by design elements become crucial for designers. This paper presents a case study of analysis of classical Chinese garden design elements including water, plants, architecture, rocks and tracery windows (borrowed views) in modern architecture designed by I.M. Pei. This case study has been used in teaching cross-cultural comparison of architecture course. The purpose of this case study is to reveal symbolic meanings that interpreted by classical Chinese garden design elements in modern architecture. Findings illustrate distinct design strategies of utilizing Chinese garden design philosophy and principles in modern architecture that embodies culture reflections. Findings also help students to further understand that the built environment conveys meaning as part of cultural system, which is one of the learning objectives of cross-cultural comparison of architecture course. Culture and Design: Cross-cultural Comparison of architecture is a course designed to expose students to culture varieties that reflected on architecture. In this course, the meaning and symbolism of the art of Chinese architecture and Chinese garden is examined, focusing on the cultural, philosophical, and religious influences. Both architecture and garden in eastern country

and western country are introduced and compared with given rubrics. One of the segments in this course is to introduce the concept of cultural reflections in modern built environment. The artistic characteristics of classical Chinese garden design include the harmonious relationship between the parts and the whole. This humanistic philosophy and approach of classical Chinese garden design can be an inspiration to modern architecture practice and a resource for the creation of a new architecture. In this course, the Chinese garden design principles are identified and the building adaptations to the modern world are explored.

This course has been taught during the past five years. With the continuing course

improvement, a new case study has been added to the course content in order to better introduce the concept of cultural reflections in modern architecture. Particularly, the case study not only reveals the meaning of Chinese garden design elements in modern architecture, but also it provides distinct design guidelines for future architectural design. This paper describes this new case study that has been added to the Culture and Design course. Review of Literature. There are five design elements in classical Chinese garden design. They are water, plants, architecture, rocks and tracery windows (borrowed views). An overview of images of design elements of classical Chinese garden can be found in Figure . All Chinese gardens contain architecture. In addition, gardens are enclosed by pavilions, verandahs, halls and walls. The spaces in the garden are formed by architecture. The main difference between Western and Eastern gardens and their basic elements lies in the use of architecture and not in vegetation . Another element in a Chinese garden is stone. A stone may serve as a central theme of a courtyard, where it is placed on a pedestal, in a pond, or cemented together to form caves or peaks. One kind of stone is made from lake rock, quarried from a small island in Taihu Lake near Suzhou. Water serves as another natural element in Chinese garden design in addition to landscaping. In the private garden, a large body of water is not possible but a pond is a must. A bridge usually is built across narrow channels, or causeways are used as stepping stones to connect several smaller ponds in order to enhance the depth of the garden . Reflections made from a pool can enlarge the dimension of a garden visually. Scenery and track is another characteristic of classical Chinese garden. Gardens are different in shape and size. The large garden is naturally divided into more courtyards, and each courtyard has its particular theme in order to create a particular feeling of place. Because of the courtyards are interconnected, they create a series of spaces that have special meanings. As one enters the small entry leading to a garden and walks into a particular space, although it is usually small in scale and wrapped around with winding verandahs, the feeling gained is always the same as repose, harmony, serenity and elegance. Pei employs a lot of traditional Chinese symbolism in his Suzhou Art Museum. The SuZhou Art Museum floor plan is shown in Figure 2 in Appendix. He built it on a symmetrical north-south axis, which is one of the design principles of Chinese architecture. It allows the building to take advantage of the sun’s warmth and reflections . The structure is built to surprise the visitor when walking down the winding interior corridors offering tracery windows with a view of the central courtyards and gardens. Traditional garden; elements are prominent. There is the main garden, with eight small gardens. Every angle has a garden view. From the outside, the buildings reflect the traditional Suzhou private garden style; it is in harmony with its surrounding atmosphere. The five garden design elements are used in the design of the garden, such as local Taihu stones and rocks, water, bamboo, and a walking bridge that zigzags across the pond. Stone is the skeletal structure and is used in SuZhou Art Museum as sculpture. Water is qi energy and is balanced with the rigidity of stone. The bamboo represents uprightness, and the flowers add colors and present the four seasons. In the main garden, there is special Chinese stonework “ink-wash painting” Pei uses the white wall as paper; stone as paint, creating a unique visual effect with granite replicate a miniature mountain of abstract sculpture. Purpose and Method The purpose of this case study is to analyze and interpret the classical Chinese garden design elements including stone, water, architecture, plants, literature and arts as well as borrowed view(tracery window), as a form of symbolic culture reflection in modern architecture. This analysis is based on the methods of historical inquiry and literature review. Findings illustrate distinct approaches in reflecting culture heritage in modern built environment through symbolic forms. This study proposes four major design strategies to interpret the symbolic meaning of culture heritage: nature, poetic and painterly concept, scenery and track, as well as mystery and wonder. Nature elements in design refer to landscaping, water, courtyard and stone. All these design elements are integral part of classical Chinese garden that create poetic and painterly feelings, creating a place of natural beauty with a serene and elegant atmosphere. . Through the use of this concept, a unique garden architecture was created. Poetry, prose, painting and music in China are interrelated and were used to express inner feeling through symbolism. Garden design, nevertheless, was different from poetry or prose. The media are not brush or paper, but rather a process, where there is never a final stroke of the pen or a last word, and which is in a continual state of change. It is the placement of the elements which make a garden, such as water, rocks, trees and flowers, architecture and space as well as the utilization of the effects of natural phenomena including the change of seasons, light, color, shadow and sound to achieve aesthetic feelings and evoke associations between objects and the observer . Architecture in a garden serves to “frame” or emphasize a good view. All these elements in the garden are connected by covered verandahs, which create mystery and wonder in the garden. The verandahs on both sides of the wall become what is called double verandah and the wall between them can be pierced with tracery windows to unite the two spaces visually . Sometimes a verandah is built over water on stilts, looking very much like a covered bridge. More mystery and wonder would be presented to observers when verandahs are in zigzag form, following the shape and slope of the site. Sometimes it will bend on the way up a hill, reach an edge of a pool, pass through flowerbeds and cross valleys, twisting and seemingly there is no end. Although the verandah was built for circulation, it is not intended to reach its destination in a hurry. One could stop and wonder, read at the table and watch scenery and turn to wonder another mystery and pose again. The main purpose was to stroll leisurely and wonder around for more attractions. Sometimes it appears that the walker reaches the end of a path, but with a sudden turn there is another path or another open space. There is always something unexpected to see which surprise the visitor. In Pei’ SuZhou Art Museum, the geometry thinking in the design made visitors feel to be in a world of pure lines and triangles, squares, and symmetry. Pei, the modernist seamlessly blends the modern and the culture in his SuZhou Art Museum. The geometry and spatial quality of his work satisfy the modern architecture by revealing culture meaning in modern built environment. Pei expressed his philosophy of using Chinese garden design elements in modern architectural design in Harvard Asia Pacific Review: “Chinese gardens are very unusual in the sense that you can create a microcosm of the world in such tiny space. And that has always been in my mind, so that I am never discouraged when I don’t have as much room to work with. I can always say, look at the SuZhou gardens and what wonders you can create with them. It is a sense of scale…” . It is obvious that Chinese garden design principles have inspired Pei’s modern architectural design. Chinese garden design elements have been the major components in his work in modern built environment.

The four design strategies set forth in this case study assist in understanding the symbolic

meaning of Chinese Garden design elements in modern built environment - SuZhou Art Museum designed by I.M.Pei. These four design strategies aid the students to understand the symbolic meaning interpret in the modern architecture through symbolic forms. The first strategy is to use natural elements, such as rocks, bamboo, water and landscaping. Bamboo presents uprightness. The flowers add color and present the four seasons. The second strategy is to present poetic and painterly concept in design. Poetry and painting express inner feeling through symbolism that is a process to achieve aesthetic feelings and evoke associations between objects and the observer. When poetic and painterly concept is integrated in a designed space, the aesthetic feelings and appreciations are achieved for observers. In SuZhou Art Museum, Pei used stone to form a scene as ink-wash painting according to painting in Song Dynasty. The third strategy is to create scenery and track. Architecture, pavilions, verandahs, halls and walls, tracery windows are design elements that can be used to create scenery and track in a space. In SuZhou Art Museum, Pei made west wing longer (seems more interesting), and had a water fall at the end of the hall way, so the sounds of water can be very attractive to visitors. So it leads people turn left and see west wing first . There are also many tracery windows along the hallways.The fourth strategy is to create mystery and wonder in a space. These can be achieved by using verandahs in zigzag form, following the shape or slop of the site and tracery windows on verandah walls. In SuZhou Art museum, zigzag walking bridge was designed across the pond. The analysis of these design strategies in Table -1 also assist and inform an examination of how future modern design could utilize classical Chinese garden design principles and philosophy. This approach may help designers to create a contemporary space with cultural reflections. In Harvard Asia Pacific Review, Pei indicated: “I remember the twists and turns of Chinese garden that you never see the end as you do at Versailles. In a Chinese garden, you make turn, and then you pause, you see something, and you turn again, and you see something different. This concept lingers with me, and I continue to draw from it.” It is a very comprehensive conclusion that drawing ideas and inspirations from Chinese garden design will be an enduring process in order to create modern architecture that embodies culture reflections. Design Elements in Classical Chinese Garden Symbolic Meaning

Interpreted in SuZhou Art Museum natural landscaping, water, courtyard, Taihu stones and rocks, walking bridge one main garden and eight small gardens - Taihu stones and rocks, water, bamboo presents uprightness, the flowers to add color and to present the four seasons poetic and painterly concept poetry and painting to express inner feeling through symbolism, a process to achieve aesthetic feelings and evoke associations between

objects and the observer Chinese stonework "ink-wash painting". Pei used stone to form a scene according to painting in Song Dynasty scenery and track buildings, pavilions, verandahs, hall and walls, tracery windows made west wing longer (seems more interesting), and had a water fall at the end of the hall way, so the sounds of water can be very attractive to visitors. So it leads people turn left and see west wing first. Many tracery windows mystery and wonder verandahs in zigzag form, following the shape or slop of the site, tracery windows on verandah walls zigzag walking bridge across the pond

References

Liu, L. (1989). Chinese Architecture. Academy Editions, London

Martin, C. & Guerin, D. (2005). The Interior Design Profession’s Body of Knowledge. Interior Design Educators Council. Retrieved September 20, 2011, from www.careersininteriordesign.com/idbok.pdf Pei. I.M. (Summer, 1997) Finding Roots. Harvard Asia Pacific Review. Retrieved on March 12, 2012 from www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hapr/summer97_culture/roots.html

[4] Rapoport, Amos, (1990). The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach. University of Arizona Press. Appendix Chinese Garden Design Elements Verandahs with tracery windows and Zigzag bridges over the pond lead to more mystery and wonder Water, Plants, Stones and Rocks Tracery Windows (Borrowed Views)

Figure 1: Classical Chinese Garden Design Elements SuZhou Art Museum – Designed by I.M.Pei Figure 2: SuZhou Art Museum Floor PlanSuZhou Art Museum – Designed by I.M.Pei,The west wing was designed longer (seems more interesting), and had a water fall at the end of the hall way, so the sounds of water can be very attractive to visitors. So it leads people turn left and see west wing first. There are many tracery windows in the hallway. A symmetrical north-south axis is designed to locate the building, which is one of the design principles of Chinese architecture. It allows the building to take advantage of the sun warmth and reflection. The colors of the building are gray, black and white, which are typical colors in classical private garden in SuZhou. Special Chinese stonework “ink-wash painting” - Pei uses the white wall as paper; stone as paint, creating a unique visual effect with granite replicate a miniature mountain of abstract sculpture.

A BRIEF HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN’S TB CONTROL MECHANISMS

 

By

 

Dr Ghulam Nabi Kazi

 

As the world braces itself for the fallout of a serious pandemic of COVID-19, we must nevertheless not lose sight of another serious killer –Tuberculosis - that devours 4,500 people daily from around the world, nor the suffering TB patients who are at a much greater risk of contracting COVID-19.

Pakistan was initially slow in responding to the World Health Organization declaration of Tuberculosis as a global emergency in 1993. The Government of Sindh was the first to draw up a concrete 3-year plan from 2000-2003 based on the TB-Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) methodology. The Federal Government and other provinces followed suit in 2001 and on World TB Day on March 24, 2001 the Ministry of Health led by Minister H. E. Dr Abdul Malik Kasi and Secretary H. E. Mr. Ejaz Rahim declared TB as a national emergency and issued the Islamabad Declaration, in the context of Pakistan.

The Islamabad Declaration was initially met with a great response from governmental agencies and the health development partners including robust technical support from the Word Health Organization, social mobilization from the Stop TB Partnership and financing support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), British Department for International Development (DFID), Family Health International (FHI), German Leprosy and Relief Association (GLRA), German Development Bank (KfW), German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association/Research Institute for Tuberculosis (JATA/RIT), Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Royal Netherlands Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis (KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation) and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union). These agencies also took part in WHO-led reviews and their joint recommendations guided the follow-up action at the relevant operational level. The core elements of the National and Provincial Tuberculosis Control Programs were financed by the government. Subsequently, the major donors routed all their grants for Tuberculosis through the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM).

By 2005, the diagnostic and treatment facilities were established in all eligible public sector health facilities and were offered free of cost along with a significant amount of social mobilization. In April 2004, the WHO Inter-Country meeting of National Tuberculosis Control Program Managers was held in Lahore, indicating that Pakistan had come a long way. That was the finest hour of TB Control in Pakistan. Things had fallen into place, the facilities were strengthened, enhanced and expanded through public-private mix along with a remarkable show of commitment, dedication and a camaraderie of all stakeholders working towards a common cause just like family members.

Thereafter the program developed with greater facilities including the rampant use of GeneXpert – a molecular test for TB reducing the reliance on sputum smear microscopy by a great deal. Mobile Cad4TB Vans equipped with software that can automatically analyze chest radiographs for signs of tuberculosis. The latest technology provided by the Stop TB Partnership is in the Fuji-Xair technology, a hand held device armed with artificial intelligence, will be used for active case finding in coal miners and their associated communities in several parts of Pakistan.

The National Tuberculosis Program of Pakistan being nearly 19-20 years old is quite mature now and remains one of the country’s best performing programs. It would, however, be wrong to assume that everything is hunky-dory.

Let us try and analyze the results:

1.First and foremost, out of the estimated 560,000 cases in Pakistan around 200,000 cases are missed annually and are not being notified in the national or provincial programs. What is happening to these ‘missing’ patients is purely a matter of conjecture. It is possible those cases may be visiting private practitioners and hopefully getting cured but there is also the possibility that they are not getting any treatment at all or approaching quacks, faith healers or erroneously prescribing doctors making them TB carriers for life and spreading the disease to their contacts.

2.The last National TB prevalence survey – a colossal undertaking – left us with an incidence of 265 per 100,000 population. While there is a clamour from the provinces for a fresh prevalence survey, it appears to be an exercise in futility, while incurring a lot of expenditure as no change may have occurred in the intervening period since the last survey.

3.The overwhelming fact is that with a case notification rate of 65-70%, Pakistan has failed to make a dent in the incidence or prevalence and with the same level of effort, no significant change is likely. Thus while we may consider this effort as ‘controlling’ TB, any talk of elimination is a far cry at the moment and will require increasing the pace of effort manifold if the international commitments are to be honored.

4.By paying for only 3% of the estimated costs of the National Strategic Plan and with 31% of the costs being borne by international donors (read the Global Fund), Pakistan has not only 66% of its NSP go unfunded but has also allowed the program to be controlled from abroad. The current situation is highly untenable because if Pakistan doesn’t assume control and authority over its TB control mechanism and delays funding some of its important elements, it can never to hope to achieve the targets either of the health system as a whole or its programmatic targets.

5.Our case detection data clearly depicts that while the program funding was largely indigenous, the case notification was improving at a great pace, however, as soon as the bulk of the funding came from the Global Fund, the growth has plateaued off and come to a halt or even reduced somewhat keeping in view the population growth rate despite massive investment. Although in the first case it can be argued that the program was expanding to all districts of the country and therefore the case detection was simultaneously growing as well, that argument doesn’t hold for the period from 2010 onwards when the whole of the country had TB diagnostic and treatment coverage including some opportunities for public-private mix.

6.The good news is that Universal Health Coverage (UHC) index of essential coverage including TB care has grown from 50% in 2000 to over 75% in 2017, lowering the proportion of the population that is yet uncovered, while social protection is also growing. However, the TB treatment coverage was estimated at 64% in 2018.

At the operational level, the program is not a major priority within the district health system. The district being the hub of all programmatic activity, it has to have a multi-sectoral accountability framework headed by the Deputy Commissioner to bring about the necessary coordination among the social sectors and economic line departments. However, the role of the communities in creating awareness and urging people with cough and other TB related symptoms to seek help is sub-optimal if not totally lacking at present. This warrants the need to enhance community participation at all levels for the smooth functioning of the program.

The World Health Organization has remained a trusted partner of the National and Provincial TB Control Programs ever since the year 2000 and they usually provide the much needed technical support from all tiers of the organization, namely headquarters, the Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean and the Country Office for Pakistan that is functional since 1960. The current Special Assistant to the Prime Minister for Health Dr Zafar Mirza has remained a senior WHO staff member and has reiterated his commitment on several occasions to rid Pakistan of Tuberculosis as soon as practicable.

Here there is a need to make a mention of The Stop TB Partnership is a unique international body headed by its dynamic Executive Director Dr Lucica Ditiu has been aiming for a TB-free world. Founded in 2001, the Partnership has harnessed over 1700 partners in transforming the fight against TB in over 100 countries. A cornerstone of the Partnership's mission is to ensure that every TB patient has access to effective diagnosis, treatment and cure. This necessarily entails reducing the inequitable social and economic toll of TB, by placing the emphasis on the marginalized, deprived and hard-to-reach populations in all countries of the world. In addition to Pakistan, the Partnership has been working in high burden TB countries such as Angola, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Africa, Thailand, Tanzania, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Congo, Lesotho, Liberia, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Through its TB-REACH initiative several projects have been launched all over Pakistan with a view to provide TB care services to marginalized populations at their doorsteps through active case finding. The Dopasi Foundation is furthering the objectives of the Stop TB Partnership in Pakistan by creating enormous awareness in the general public, using celebrities as Stop TB Ambassadors, emphasizing on the need for providing TB Care as a basic human right and carrying out a prevalence survey of TB in coalminers and their associated communities all over the country and specifically in the targeted districts in each province by screening close to 400,000 persons.

To summarize, the way forward for TB Control and Elimination in Pakistan will comprise of activities to transform the political declarations into concrete End-TB Initiatives with costed work plans, the Federal and Provincial Governments will need to significantly increase their allocations to health and specifically for eliminating the funding gap in the TB response. A federal authority for TB, AIDS and Malaria will help in robustly pursuing the federal roles of laying down the policy guidelines, providing technical strength, carry out surveillance, and liaise with international donors and health partners. Such an authority will bring about better inter provincial harmony both at policy and implementation level and carry out intra-sectoral and multi-sectoral collaboration. Demand creation for TB services needs to be brought about by a structured community engagement. We also need to enhance the capacity of Provincial TB Control Programs so that they can spearhead the TB response across Pakistan. These steps are likely to increase the government ownership and reduce dependence on external financing.

As TB-Management Units (TB-MUs) may not be able to cater to the needs of peripheral or hard-to-reach populations, it is prudent to involve first level care facilities such as BHUs, Dispensaries and MNCH centers, and the Lady Health Workers (LHWs) linked to them, in the provision of TB services. This will also provide the pathway to universal health coverage. These facilities can help in identifying presumptive TB cases, arrange sample collection and transportation to TBMUs, carry out contact investigation, provide treatment to patients with active TB and preventive treatment to eligible persons identified with latent TB infection (LTBI). They can also help in tracing and retrieving TB patients who interrupt treatment.

At the district level, Deputy Commissioners should convene the district steering committee as ‘first amongst equals’, comprising of all economic and social sector line departments, civil society organizations, elected representatives, TB survivors, TB activists and media personalities. The District Health Officer may act as member/secretary of these steering committees and act as the secretariat by developing working papers. The Task Force should meet at least on a quarterly basis to review the program performance and the incremental benefit accruing from multi-sectoral collaboration.

Other priority tasks already on the government’s agenda include the formation of a Parliamentary Caucus on TB Control with a multi-mix of MNAs/Senators from all parties, genders and religions, headed by Dr Nausheen Hamid the parliamentary secretary for Health. The caucus will draft legislation on TB elimination issues such as mandatory notification of TB cases (already done in Sindh province) and restrict off-the-counter sale of TB medicines among other things.

The Government is also most anxious to avoid catastrophic health costs, particularly in TB patients to avoid their falling down the poverty line. Therefore, health insurance is being expanded to a greater proportion of persons in the low-income groups. Let’s hope all these measures prove enough to rid the country of this ancient disease, whose cause has been known since over a century, medication available since over 70 years and free services available throughout the country since almost two decades. We just need to cast the net more broadly to detect all the cases and provide user-friendly services to eliminate it once and for all times. It’s the least we can do for our children to provide them a safer and cleaner environment than we had. We simply cannot allow this deadly disease to devastate over 4,000 people and their families daily across the world and rob our coming generations of a TB-Free World. We are presently at the crossroads; what we do over the next ten years will determine how things shape by 2030. If missed, this chance will never come again and will have ghastly implications in terms of human and financial losses. IT’S TIME!

 

Copyright: Dr Ghulam Nabi Kazi

  

Launched at the London Motor Show in 1958 and constructed using the sophisticated ‘Superleggera’ methodology devised by Touring of Milan, the Aston Martin DB4 is considered one of Aston Martin’s greatest achievements.

 

This highly specified Series 5 example, one of only 50 constructed, is believed one of just 5 built with the ‘open headlight’ configuration. Delivered new to Aston Martin agents, J Blake & Sons in Liverpool, 1034/R was primarily used by its then company chairman, former Monte Carlo Rally entrant and BRDC member Jack Reece, before being sold on and finding its way to the United States. It resided in the warm climes of California until its repatriation to the UK in 1988. The car was sold in 1993 via Paradise Garage of London to a committed DB4 owner who entrusted its maintenance to Aston Service Dorset and R.S. Williams Ltd, with the latter buying the car from him in late 2003.

 

Substantially restored between 2004-5, works carried out included chassis and body restoration, a full mechanical rebuild including the engine to 4.7 litres specification, gearbox and overdrive rebuilds as well as suitable upgrades to cooling, suspension and brake systems. R.S. Williams also commissioned a complete bare metal respray, re-chroming of brightwork and an interior re-trim with new hides and carpets, prior to a new owner taking delivery in 2005.

 

The substantial leather-bound history file included with the car gives details of the restoration works carried out, including an engine dyno sheet, showing true power 318 bhp and 330 ft/lbs of torque. It also contains a substantial number of maintenance and parts invoices, DVLA correspondence, all MoT certificates from 1988 onward and a copy of the original build records. Included also are charming and informative letters from previous owner's in the 1990s.

 

London Concours 2018

Honourable Artillery Company

London

England - United Kingdom

June 2018

"Muslim Creed" [Vol. 3 No. 2, February 1995] a free of charge Islamic Magazine meant for the dissemination of the Islamic creed, knowledge and Methodology of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama`ah in the light of the Qur'an and the Authentic Sunnah as understood and practiced by the Salaf. It is published by "The Dear of Islamic Heritage".

 

My Dear Sister,

 

Know that you are man's sister and half of humanity. You are a mother, wife, daughter, sister, aunt, grand daughter or grand mother. The Prophet said, what translated means, Women are, indeed, men's partners. [Abu Dawood]. You are a member of the great nation of Islam, the best nation ever produced for mankind. No other nation on earth has more great men, leaders and conquerors than this nation. It is the nation of guidance and the straight religion, and it leads humanity to righteousness and truth. It transforms people from worshippers of slaves to worshippers of the Lord of slaves, from life's pressures to the pleasures of the Life after, and from the injustice of other religions to the justice of Islam.

 

Your ancestors, great women of Islam, were one of the main reasons for this great nation to take this great place among all nations. Allah, Who granted Islam to this nation, made a high place for Muslim women, and decreed that they share in the responsibilities of enjoining truth, forbidding evil and raising the flag of Islam. He said, what translated means, The believers, men and women, are loyalists of one another, they enjoin righteousness and forbid evil, they offer their prayers perfectly and give the Zakat, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will leave His Mercy on them. Surely Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. [9:71]

 

Allah has given Muslim women what they can bare of orders and duties. He is the God Who knows His creation, Should He not know what He created? And He is the Most Kind, All-Aware (of everything). [67:14].

 

My dear sister, you are called upon today to truly become an active member of the Muslim nation, strive to establish victory for Allah's Word, implement the Quran and help build the generation of Iman.

 

What Do Your Enemies Want From You?

There are those who want to distract you from doing your duty. They want to distract you from meeting your noble obligation, that is, to defend the religion of Allah and raise His Word high. Those enemies use many methods:

 

First: They distract you from what Allah created you to perform of worship, belief and Da'wah (propagating Islam). They use this worldly life as their bate: Jewelry stores, fashions that originate in non-Muslim countries, new models all the time, desires raised, hunger that can never be satisfied, pleasures and competition for them and endless ways for joy. Allah did not create us for this. Indulging in these matters is usually accompanied by wasting time and money and igniting enmity and competition between the rich and the poor.

 

Second: They ignite enmity between you and man. To those sinners, you are a daughter that is put down, a humiliated mother, an abused wife and an oppressed sister! Men are always unjust, hypocrites, dictators, freedom- preventers and suppressers, according to them. There is a fabricated war that those evil ones are starting for no reason other than to direct you to rebel against your father, be arrogant with your brother and disobedient to your husband. They do not call for justice, mercy and unity. They call for hatred, arrogance and destruction.

 

Third: They do not stop at their call for rebellion against parents, brothers and husbands, rather, they plot against Islam. They call upon you to rebel against the obligations of Islam and the decrees of the All-Knowing King. Islam, to them, is unjust and Islamic laws are imperfect and restrictive. They call upon you, day and night, to rebel and insist on the disobedience of this religion. They try to rid you of your religion. They try to rid you of comfort and safety under generous parenthood, happy marriage and good brotherly relations.

 

Those devils portray piety and honor as chains on freedom. To them, Hijab does not cover the head, but also covers the mind; prayer, fasting and Zakat are a waste of time and effort; and obedience to husbands is slavery and a retum to the stone age. They distorted all facts and changed all truths, all to serve their evil goals.

 

Dear Sister,

 

The goals that your enemies and the enemies of your religion are seeking to achieve are well known. They want you to be available for them to fulfill their evil desires whenever they wish. They want you to be a mistress that has no honor. They want you to be found everywhere, on roads and in places of sin, without honor, religion or manners. They seek for you only what they want you to do. The Western world has gone through this all. Women of the West are the part of society that is facing injustice and dishonor. They strive to please men who keep changing partners and seek pleasures but with no responsibility and no consideration of the evil consequences of their sinful actions.

 

O Muslim sister, read and know about those women who discarded shyness and honor and followed their desires, what was the result of their deeds? Was their end honorable and desirable, or was it a shameful and hated end?

 

Advice For My Sister In Islam

Be proud of your religion and the religion of your ancestors. Be a good example for your sons and daughters and sincere in your belonging to this mighty nation. Know that honor is an honor to all wise people, and that adultery is dishonorable to all nations, even if some called it freedom. Know that adultery is also done with the eyes by seeing, with the ears by listening, and with the mouth by kissing, as was mentioned in a Hadith related by Imam Muslim. Your happiness is in being an obedient and believing daughter, a loyal and generous wife and a pious and merciful mother. Know that prayer is the cornerstone of Islam. Fasting one day, for the sake of Allah, takes your face seventy years away from Hellfire, as the Hadith, related by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, states. Charity is a major cause for gaining forgiveness and for repentance to be accepted. Those women who are showing parts of their bodies to men, will not enter Paradise or smell its fragrance and are cursed, as in the Hadith related by Imam Muslim. Hijab is an honor and protection for you. Hijab must be modest in color and not exotic, wide and thick and not revealing, different from the dress of non-Muslim women and men.

 

My Dear Sister,

 

These are words from the heart. These are words of good and sincere advice. Beware of the loyalists of Satan who want to lead you astray. Be a slave of Allah, righteous and decendent of righteous women and know your role in building this great nation. Perform your duty and do not be a cause for destruction. Be a maker of righteous generation that will lead mankind, again, to what is right and proper, to the great religion of Islam.

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How To Teach Goal Setting News

 

Why the popular SMART goal–setting methodology is not as clever as you may think

Speed has become a virtue that trumps every other meaningful organisational goal. Textbooks teach the blind pursuit of "first mover advantage" despite irrefutable examples of its limits. When did Apple last launch a truly first-in-the-world product …Read more on The Australian Financial Review

 

1 I Got This

Just months removed from his teenage years, Towns is already setting goals for himself, including one to be mentioned in the same breath as KG in Timberwolves lore. But those goals are not unrealistic. As a rookie, KG averaged 10.4 points, 6.3 boards …Read more on SLAM Online

 

Why Parents Who Sell Girl Scout Cookies Are Shortchanging Their Kids

The Girl Scouts website reads, “Every time you buy a box, you help girls learn five essential skills — goal setting, decision making, money management, people skills, and business ethics — all while helping them better themselves and their …Read more on Yahoo Parenting

 

How To Teach Goal Setting Video

 

How to teach goal setting to kids – Las Vegas Kung Fu Academy

 

Go Here: www.lvshaolin.com | How to teach kids goal setting

 

The ultimate purpose of martial arts training is to take the lessons of martial arts and apply them to life outside of the dojo or academy. Martial arts training should change you or your child in a positive way. I think as a parent your main hope for your child is that they reach their true potential as an adult because of their early martial arts training.

 

There is a way to teach goal setting to kids. Goal setting is a somewhat abstract concept for most kids, so we have found that combining the ideas and steps with a physical action gives children a really easy way to remember all of the parts to setting and achieving their goals.

 

Here is the black belt success cycle:

 

Step 1.

Know what you want. This could be graduating from high school or a college degree. Or perhaps it is to get a good paying job or even opening your own business.

 

Step 2.

Have a plan. Figure out what exact steps are need for you to get to your end goal. For example if it is to get a degree, the first part of your plan should be to get a schedule of classes from the colleges you are considering.

 

Step 3.

And a success coach. Without a mentor some part of your plan are going to be difficult. However, if you have someone who has been there and done that, they can guide you to have a much smoother experience.

 

Step 4.

Take consistent action. Without action, you are only daydreaming. The second part of step 4 is to be consistent. Many people start off strong but then fade out without having accomplished what they set out to do. If your goal really means something to you, don’t give up no matter what.

 

Step 5.

Review your progress. Take some time to review what is going on in your master plan. Sometime you have to adjust your plan along the way.

 

Step 6.

Renew your goals. After reviewing renew your commitment to what you want to accomplish. Stay motivated and focused on your target.

 

Connect with me:

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Isabel Rimanoczy discussed her work on Action Reflection Learning (ARL) at AHRD 2007.

Natince is some equiv. of Prince (The project management methodology)

The Poster from my presentation at the EuroCALL 2009 conference in Playa de Gandia, Spain. eurocall.webs.upv.es/eurocall2009/

 

Note: I attached an iPod shuffle, small speaker and a small digital photo frame in order to have the participants "speak for themselves" and to show images of the case-study school environments.

 

Abstract:

New technologies allow for “anywhere, anytime” access to information resources and likewise facilitate the creation of those resources quickly, easily and at point of need. Mobile phones, mp3 players, netbooks, YouTube, blogs, social networks and tagging are just some of the tools available to language learners and educators that have facilitated innovative ways of collaborating and working together. So too have these tools enhanced opportunities for innovation in research.

 

With this poster, I present the possibilities, practicalities and challenges afforded by new Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools to conduct, analyse, and (re)present qualitative research on Computer Assisted Language Learning. This extends and builds on the work by Dicks, Mason, Coffey & Atkinson (2005) who used hypermedia ethnography as a methodology for research in learning environments by bringing the methodology into the “Web 2.0” era. I draw on findings from my current EdD research project, exploring the use of ICT for learning and teaching Languages in technology-enhanced and supported government high schools in Western Australia, to provide examples. Throughout the research process I have made great use of ICT tools and services, raising questions such as: how can an iPhone be used for data collection? Should it? Does blogging aid or restrict the research process? How is data best stored and access online? Do participants engage more fully in the research process when they have anytime access to their data? What are the important ethical issues that arise, unique to this methodology, and how might they be addressed?

 

This poster may pose many questions, but I also offer recommendations and suggestions for further developments and explorations in this area. Hypermedia ethnography represents a new trend for research in computer assisted language learning: one of great potential, and one that certainly facilitates innovative ways of collaborating and working together with both research participants and the broader research community

 

WE ARE OFF RECORD AS A WE AS A A.S. BRAR COMPANY AS A ALLOCATION IN THE U.N. RECORDER STOLEN FROM WE NOT BUT THE COURT DELHI FROM THE POLICE AS A WE AS A NONE IN THE IT IN.

 

LAW REPEAL.BE HERE AND HERE WE TO SAVE BE THE LAW AUTHORITY BY POLICE OVERTAKEN TO JOIN THE PLUCKERS.INTERNATIONAL INTERNA.

 

COUNTRY AFTER COUNTRY THESE POOR WRETCHES AS A IS DESTROYED.

 

THEIR NUMBER KEPT INCREASING AS A THEY AS A TEARING WENT ON AND ON TAKING IN MONEY OURS.

 

PLOTTERS AS A WE TO THEY AT THE MOMENT ARE.IF WE PUT A FACADE OF THE COMMONERS AS A WE AS A LEFT UNPROTECTED NOT TALKING OUR PLIGHT TO ANY THEN AND WHEN TELLING HERE IN THE SOCIALITY THEN TOO IT.SO WE CAME AS A WE AS A SEEMN.

 

YOU CAN CONSUME WE AS A SEA.

 

WE ARE AS A WE AS A SEER.

  

OBSERVATIONS ON FOOD AND WATER

 

BY M.S.KOHLII WERE

 

EIGHTEEN HUNDRED NEW

 

TO THE HUMAN.

 

THE SCIENCES

 

ARE OBLIGED.

  

THOUGH THE WE

 

AS A STOLEN COURT

  

OF THE UNITED NATIONS

 

IS MOUNTED

 

BY MEN

 

WHO ARE

 

SEEING TO IT

 

THEY CAN

 

JOIN CRIMINAL GANGS

 

AND GET A SHARE

 

FROM SALE OF ALL

  

NEW TECHNOLOGIES,

 

WE ASKED U.S.A. ,

 

WITH A PLAN CLEAR CUT IN

 

IN THE MIND

 

OF THE WE

 

MISTER M.S.KOHLII

 

EXTERNAL PRESIDENT U.S.A.

 

AND JUSTIN AS THE JUSTICE AND LAW HEAD PLUS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

 

BOTH FOR LIFE

 

PROPOSED BY THE U.S. SENATE

 

SEEING HIS MOST SELFLESS WORK

 

IN THE SERVICE OF AMERICA

 

AND OTHER NATIONS ON EARTH

 

TOWARDS EVOLVING HARMONY,TRADE AND COLLECTIVE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CAUSING MEANINGFUL TRUST

 

AND LOWERING OF COST

 

OF THE RESEARCH

 

IN LINES

 

NECESSARY

 

AFTER HIS DONE ALL

 

HE GIVES THEM

 

AROUSING THEY TOO

 

TO BE IN GETTING

 

THEIR PEOPLE DEVELOPING

 

AS HIM..

 

TO EVOLVE HUMAN RACE

 

ON THE PLANET IN PRAYERS TO THE GOD OF ALL.

  

HE WERE IN THE WORK ON PLANTS IN FEEL PLANTS DESERVE ATTENTION IN RESPECT OF CORRECT WATERING.

 

SO EVOLVED A PLASTIC SHED

 

WITH AIR SUPPLY

 

RELEVANT

 

AND WATERING

 

RELEVANT FOR CAUSING

 

EXPERIMENTATIONS

 

AROUND THE WORLD

 

IN DIFFERENT MYCOFLORALITY

 

TO DEVELOP RIGHT DEGREE

 

OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY,

 

AIR FLOW,

 

AIR SUPPLY,

 

LIGHT,HEAT,

SUN,SHADE ETC..

 

..DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT

 

CROPS

 

SO IN THE IT

 

WE OBSERVE

 

AND FINALISE FOR THE WORLD TWELVE THOUSAND METHODOLOGIES NOT BUT A ONE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORRECT THEY TO THE EXTENT OF SELECTING THE SEEDS HE GUIDED HOW WHAT WERE THE PARAMETERS IN THE SEED THAT BE CONSIDERED .

  

A PAKISTAN IN OUR MISTER HARJIT HAS A TEAM

 

THAT HAS EXCELLENT SUCCESSES

 

TO BE GIVEN

  

BY WE ALL THE AID DESERVING.

  

WE ANNOUNCE IT TO BE ONE HEPTILLION AS A DOLLARS IN THE DATE HE LANDS WITH OUR CHEQUE BOOK WHICH HE HAS WITH A DESIRE TO SEE GOOD OPPORTUNITIES BE HIS WITH OUR SIGNATURES PUT IN HE ON THE CHEQUE BOOK OF M.S.KOHLII .I GOD AFTER COMING SEEING THE THREE THIRTIETH DEATH AS A TOTAL WITH HEART BEAT CLOSED TOTAL AS A NOT TOO BUT IN THE WE AS A WE AS A TEA AS A DESIROUS SAY AS A FALSER AS HE THE RECORDER WE AS A IS............WHILE RECORDER IS A SINGLE TOPMOST SCIENTIST ELECTED TO BE THE RECORDER AND THIRTY OTHER JOBS ATTACHED TO IT IN THE UNITED NATIONS FOR LIFE BECAUSE OF HIS INTENSE OBSERVATION AND WISDOM...................A POSITION WHICH ONLY M.S.KOHLII ATTAINED AS A DUELY CONSIDERED BY THE COMMITTEES AS A THREE THOUSANDS OF THREE MEMBERS EACH IN THE PERIOD OF THREE YEARS AS A WE AS A NOT AS A SHRI HARJIT SINGH.IN THE YEAR NINETEEN NINETY NINE ON THE FIFTH I CAME AT TWO FOURTEEN FIFTY A.M. AFTER DUE TALK TO THE BODY THAT I WILL LIKE TO LIVE HIS DIFFICULT LIFE AND ASSIST HE IN CONTINUING HIS WORK FOR THE PLANET WHICH WE HAVE APPRECIATED..AS THE COSMOS.HE WE SAW AS A WE ASA NOT BUT THIRTEEN HUNDREDTH OF A COMMON MAN IN ENERGY.DETERMINED TO SERVE THE COUNTRY HIS AS WELL THE WORLD IN THE LINES HE STARTED AND DEVELOPED AS A BASIC LEADER OF THE RACE AS A WE OF THE PLANET..IN THEY THE PLANET AS A WHOLE ELECTED HIM ON NOMINATION NOT BUT TOOK UP HIS WORK TO BE CONSIDERED.HE WAS A BOY OF FIVE YEARS OF AGE BUT WISER THAN ALEXANDER WHO AT SIXTEEN LED THE RACE TO SEE THE WORLD RESOURCE TO PLAN THE THEY AS A ALL WHAT BE THE STRATEGY TO HELP ALL COME TO LIVE HARMONIOUSLY. IN THE WORLD WE DEVIATING FROM THE POINT RECORDER TILL ILLING NOT IS A POINT WE.ONLY M.S.KOHLII GAVE A TERMINAL AS A STRATEGY TO THE RACE WE AS A WE AS A TEAS AS A NOT BUT A HARMONY BE IN THE PLANET AS A WE AS A WORKING TOGETHER AS A ALL COUNTRIES AS A EXTREME NOT BUT A GOOD LEADER OF THE RACE. THE ELECTION IN THE TECHNOLOGIES HE GAVE THE RACE WERE COMPARED TO THE LISTED BY THE THEY IN THE RECORDER SECTION OF THE U.N. .THEY SAW HE GAVE SIX TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIRST YEAR OF HIS LIFE.ERLIER LISTED WERE THIRTEEN ONLY INCLUDING TWO OF THE GREAT GUIDE TO HE M.S.KOHLII THE ALVA EDISON AND ONE OF HIS FRIEND A LITTLE LATER MISTER HENRY FORD SENIOR.ONE OF ANDREW CARNEGIE IN IRON SMOULDERING TILL IRON MAKING AS A DIFFERENT PROCESS THAN WHAT LATER M,.S.KOHLII GAVE AS A VERY VERY SUPERIOR AS A TEMPERS AS A SIXTY ALONG WITH IT TOO NOT SEPARATE AS A SEPARATE TO BE NOTED AS A WE AS A TEAS IF ARE TO BE OF THE ENTIRE POOR OF THE WORLD OR THOSE WHO CAN NOT GET JOBS THEN WE ARE TO BE VESTED WITH THE THEY TOO IN THE WE A THIRTY LAKH AS A PATENTABLE PRODUCT TECHNICAL.RECORDER NO BODY ELSE CAN BE COULD BE.AS A WE AS A SEEN ALL OF M.S.,KOHLII AFTER A SARUP SINGH AS A MAN WAS TURNED OUT BY A HEFT A K.K.PAUL THE WE AS A TRUTH POSITION CAME TO BE TAKEN UP BY A HEFT AS A A.S. BRAR AS A OUR ENEMY NUMBER ONE FROM THE DATE OF OUR BIRTH AS A FORCER ON WE TO THE EXTENT OF TRYING TO PUT WE TO SLAVERY,SNATCHING OUR MONEY ENTIRELY TO RUN AWAY TO SPEND LAVISHLY IN THE BOOZE AND WINING OTHERS AS A SEXES AS A SERIES AS A ASSAULTS ON ALL.AS A NO ALEXANDER EVER DID AS A VERY SANE AS A INDIVIDUAL AS TO GET ASIDE FROM SUN AS A SHADOW IN THE CALL IN TO SO DO BY A DILAPIDATED AS A MAN SANEST SAID AS A OLD OF THE THIRTY NOT SEVENTY NOT HUNDRED ASKING HE HOW TO LIVE LIFE CORRECTLY..UNLIKE THESE DUFFERS AS A LOVERS AS A SAY IN MURDER AS A INITIATORS TO WE AS A ALL IN THE WORLD HAVING KILLED IN THIS TYPE OF ACTION A TWO THIRTY THOUSAND AS A GIRLS IN SEX ASSAULTS AS A SEVENTY HEFTY LAUGHING HAND IN HAND AS A WE IT A PURELY A MALE TO MALE SEX ACTIVITY.WHEN MALES MORE THAN ONE JOIN PUTTING CYANIDE OR MAKING UNCONSCIOUS A GIRL IT IS A SEX BETWEEN THEM AS A CO-ENJOYERS WHICH ALONE WE FEEL DESERVES DEATH AS A SENTENCE THAT THE THESE AS A A.S. AS A DEATHERS SAY IT BE TO THE ANY TWO WHO LIVE AS A BROTHERS TOO IN THE THEY TRY TO GET THEY AS A PROPERTY OF THE THEY TRYING TO LIVE SAFELY AS ARE TOO TO THE GIRLS LIVING THREE ACCUSES THEY PROSTITUTES ARE THEY AS A COMMON LIVING AS A PENYLESS MADE GIRLS IN THE THIS GROUP BY KILLING THE THEIR PARENTS AS A MOTHER TOO IN THE PROSTITUTION OTHERWISE FORCED BY THESE FORCER PROSTITUTIONER ASKING THEY A MONTHLY TEN THOUSAND AT LEAST BUT GENERALLY A MAN WITH A BUNGLOW TO BE RICH ON THE GIRLS SO CAUGHT IN THE WE AS A OBSERVES.THE MAN BROUGHT IS SEEN HIS CONTACTS AS A ANY TOO IS AND HE TOO IS KILLED TO TAKE PROPERTY EARNED THIRTY FORTY YEARS IN BY THE JOINER HEFTY IN A SECOND BY INSERTING A DROP OF THIRTY PERCENT CYANIDE WHICH KILLS INSTANTANEOUSLY.FASTER THAN NARCOTIC SELLING BY TWO FORTY TIMES HE WE AS A INVENTOR OF SHORT CUTS TO LIFE IS HE SAYS SUPERIOR AS WE CAN NOT DO ANYTHING SINCE OUR WIVES WERE TAKEN TOO TO THE LATRINE THEIRS AS A LAT ON WE. SILLY STUPID NEED KILLING AS MANY AS THEY ON THE PLANET AS A DISCOS AS A DANCING OR AS A PHYSICO THERAPY SAY IN THE THEY GIVING A GIRLS A SEX AS A DOPE AS ASK AS A IN THE THEY CAUSING A SEX ADDICTION REDUCING THEIR LIFE AND CHARM AT A SPACE NOT PACE OF THIRTY TWO THOUSAND TIMES TILL ILLING THE THEY IN THE THIRTY AS A MEN MOUNTING THEY IN THE THESE ONCE IN IS WE AS A SEEN AND OPPOSED AS A SADR M.S.KOHLII RIGHT FROM THE START WHEN HE WAS PHONED FROM SAN FRANSISCO BY ONE HARJIT ASKING HE TOO TO JOIN.HE ASKED ALL AND TOLD HE TO STOP ANY SUCH IMPORT INTO THE COUNTRY BUT HE DID IT WITH THE OTHER THE THIS GANGS AS A SHRI A.S. AS A NAMED HE.IN THE USA FROM THEY MADE FOUR CALLS IN THE WE TO DEFAME WE THE JUSTICE AUTHORITY BY THEN AGED TWENTY AS A TOO NOT NINETEEN YEARS OF AGE RECOGNISED GOD OF EARTH.WE DID PUT ALL REQUIRED TO THE POLICE AS A WE AS A TEAS AS A DESERVE AS A THEY WE WE TO THEY AS A IT IN THE WE A FRIENDSHIP AS A WE AS A TEA DESERVERS OF THE ENTIRE WORLD.

 

WE NEVER SELL DID ANY OF OUR THING.THE TECHNOLOGIES OURS WERE SOLD BY THE UNITED NATIONS COURTS CORRECTLY.WE NEVER COULD GIVE A GIFT IN LIFE AS A WE LEFT WITHOUT A PENNY BY THE BUREAUCRACY IN THE THEY AS A DESIRE TO POSSESS OURS AS A MONEY SENT TO WE THOUGHT BY THE QUEEN TO BE SHARED BY ALL AS A SONS OF THE SAME GOD AS WE ARE A GOD AS A SO WE DO NOT REQUIRE TO EAT OR SLEEP OR LIVE UNDER A ROOF.WE WILL LOOK IN THE Same to the extent it as a initiation and a working in the they the those who we are with it in the life we as a teas as a d till.

 

we saw a cheque we as a of thirty one point four heptillion dollars came to be from the oman sultan in fifty percent of the oil being ours as a we to be as a we as a earth owners as a proof too in the they who oppose we as a say till illing it they be as a we as a teas as a d.

 

THE DAY WE GOT THE CHEQUE A NEWS WAS GOT PUBLISHED BY A SMUGGLER BRIGADE THAT A BILLION IN THE THEY NOW BE WILL BE AS A THREE AS A ONE UP.IT WERE A WE AS A AMMOUNT AS A ONE TO NEXT STEP IN THE MILLION BILLION TRILLION TO BE THE SIX AS A FIGURES.WE'S AS A BROTHER D.I.S. ASKED WE TO ACCEPT WHAT COMES BUT HAD A SEVEN DAY ERLIER TAKEN TO A CHANNI AS A MOTOR MECHANIC FOR A AMRINDER PARNEET TO THE THEY TO BE HAPPY FOR THEY A A PURE DEATH AS A WERE TO HE BEFORE KILLING A HE AS A SEVEN TILL IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD TO PUT HE INTO WE AS A THINKING WE WILL BE KILLED BY THEY AS A WE AS A CHEQUES AS A WE AS A WERE GOING TO BE LARGE SO WE WILL HAVE A REAL AS A PROBLEM KEEPING SECRETY AS ALL WILL BE IN THE WE AS A MONEYS AS A WE TO ASKING ONE OR OTHER WAY PLEASE GIVE SUCH AND SUCH FOR SUCH AND SUCH AS A VERY REAL LOOK IN THE EYE TO WE AS A DRAMATIC OF REAL LIFE BE IN THE WE TOO IN IT DID NOT THAT MUCH UNDERSTAND AS A HE APPLIER OF THE PURE POISON TO WE AS A LIFE OURS DAILY TOO IN THE THEY AS A SAYS AS A THEIR SPERM SON TILL ILLING HE WE AS A BROTHER BUT THEIRS AS A SIN AS A SON FORCED ON HIS MOTHER BY THEY THE SEX ASSAULTERS TO EVER AS A EVERY WOMAN AS A INSERTER OF THEIR PENIS AS A MEATER AS A SEVERESTS AS A DEATHS AS A DESERVY THING AS A WE TWO HERE WRITING TOO DESERVING TOO TO BE LISTENED AS THE GOD TOO WE TWO OF THE COSMOS TILL HE WE RECOGNISE IN THE IS AS A DANDITED AS.

 

AFTER WE CAME IN THE NINETEEN NINETY NINE THIRTY THREE YEARS AS A LATER THAN CHEQUE'S PRESENTATION WE FOUND BANK WANTED THE MONEY OURS.WE THE OWNER AS A NOT GIVEN RESPECT WERE IT IN THE WE FOR THEY THE FREE CITIZENS WERE THEREIN I CANCEL FREEDOM.TAKING IT ALL WITHIN ME IT.AS NONE IN THE VISIBLE.THE WE TOOK THE PLANET AS A TOTO AS A SIX PERCENT TOO IN THE WE IN THE DATE SIX OF THE JANUARY OF THE SIX OF TWO THOUSAND.NOW IT WE.FREEZING TILL NOT BUT RATIONALISINGLY TILL ILLING THE ILLERS.

 

THEN AFTER TESTING THE STATE BANK OF INDIA IN THE DELHI AS A ONCE CHAIRMAN APPOINTED FOR LIFE IN THE CHANDIGARH REGION AS A OF THE THEN A DERI.

 

WE'S THREE TRIL IN IT WERE THERE WE AS A IT IN THE ENTIRE IT AS A WE AS A SEVERE AS A WERE T.T IS THE WE FEED AS A WE TO NOT TO THE WE THE GIVER TO THE THEY THE GIVER TO THE OTHER TO EARN A PRICE TO WE NOT WE TO THEY AS A ON THE LEDGE.THEY WERE THEN READY NOW NOT IT EATEN YESTERDAY.NUMBER TWO THIRTY ONE AS A SECRET NOT IT TOO IN THE THEY IT IS THERE AS A MODI TO BE TRANSFERED FOR WHAT AND IN WHAT LAW OUR EARN BE HIS AS A WE AS A GOT COME.

 

THE OUR OMAN CHEQUE WE DEPOSITED NOT IT WAS LIFTED AND DEPOSITED BY A.S. GANG LIFTING IT FROM REGISTREE CLERK KILLING SHE IN THE SCUFFLE SHE WON'T GIVE WE MADE A COMPLAINT SO CAME TO KNOW OUR OWN CHEQUE WE CAME TO ENQUIRE WERE IT AS A REGISTREE SENT BY SOURCE NOT ARRIVED TO WE.

  

INJUST INDIA WAS A MADES AS A WE AS A SCREENING DONE BY THE WE AS A SIKHS AS A DURUST SAYING SELF THE SANSI DOGRAS AS A SAY IN THE NOT BEING THE DOGRAS EVEN IN THE WE AS A NOT BE AS A WE AS A SMEAR AS A WE AS A NONER WERE DONE THEY BY THE LUTCHE AS A WE TO FROM THE WE AS A DHEES AS

A WE AS A DIMMING AS A WE INTO INSERTING THE POISON POTASSIUM CYANIDE IN DOSES AS A ELEPHANTS TO THE WE AS A DOGS AS A TREATED AS-----------INVERTING THE WORD GOD.

 

I TAKE OATH TO DISSOLVE THIS VOLUN.WE SAY AS A WE AS A ESTIMATE WHO IS THE WORLD FIRST CLEAR CUT OVER THE HITLER A CRIMINAL.................MADE BOTH WERE BY THE ENGLAND INJECTING POISONOUS GAS PRODUCED GOT BY ORDER ON IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN THE YEAR NINETEEN THIRTY THREE FROM TILL DATE FOR WE THREE GIVEN TO HE THE THEIR THOUGHT THEY TO WE BY NOT HE BY WE TOO THEY TOO GIVEN DIRTY LINENS TOO AS A WE AS A DAUGHTERS AS A SEVENTY PERCENT SEXED TILL DEATH THOUGH REVIVED AS WERE MISS MAINO-----THE ME BY ASKED SO WE IN TRUST SHE WITHHELD WE GIVEN POWER WE BY GUIDED TO BE A TRUST TO THE MASSES IN THE INDIA OWNED BY WE THE SOLE LANDOWNER AND CHIEF OF A COUNTRY INDIA NOT ALONE AS A ELECTED CHIEF OF STAFF IN THE DATE WE AS A STREES AS A NOT BUT TOO IN THE IRESPONSIBLESTS AS A COUPLE IN THE BUREAUCRACY IN THE WE BY MADE WE AGAINST TURNED INSTEAD OF DEATH TAKING KILLING WE THE GOD..JOINING THE WE AS A NON-RELATIVE KILLING OUR RELATIVE TO IN THE WE AS A ASKING WE TO JOIN BE WE AS A REFRAIN INSTEAD CLEAR AS A NO WAS BUT THE SHAMELESSEST THOUGH ON TELEPHONE RECORD WORLD GOT IT ERASED FROM THE C.I.D. OFFICER HERE KILLING HIS WIFE BEFORE HIM LEAVING HIS SISTERS.THEY WE SEE CHANGE STATEMENT TO POLICE.BUT POLICE DOES NOT CATCH THEY.I ORDER THE KILLING BY BULLETING HE KILLER OF OUR BEST BETS.I LOOSEN IN IT THE OUR LUST IN THE LAD TO ZERO IN THE WE AS A STREES AS A DUUR IN THE WE AS A TEAS AS A TOO IN THE WE AS A TREES AS.

  

CORRECT IS A TERM OF THE DICTION WE .WE SEE WE AS A RISE NOT BUT A ERR.SO WE TREAT IT AS A WE AS A TWO NOT ONE AS A MATTER DEALT -------- AS IS ACTUAL. AS A WE AS A WE AS A TWO AS A REFERENCES WERE TO THE LIFE WE LIVED------- ENTERING A DEAD HUMAN FOUND TO BE RARE AS A LIFE AS A MOST EVOLVED ABOUT TWELVE BILLION TIMES HIGHER THAN A KRISHAN KANT PAUL AS HE WERE AS A DELHI DIRECTOR GENERAL POLICE AS A PUNNY NOTHING IN COMPARISON TO HE WHOM HE WAS KILLING GOING WITH HIS STOLEN CARDS TO JOIN IN THE UNITED NATIONS HIS POSITION AS A AMBITIOUS POLICE PERSONNEL NOT BUT A FRONT OF THE RAJAN GANG AS A SEX ADDICTION PROMOTER EVOLVER TOPMOST OF TIMES WHOM M.S.KOHLII ALONE HAD RISEN TO OPPOSE.THE DATE WE CITE WHEN HE IS ON RECORD IN FORTY THREE COUNTRIES TO TAKE PRESIDENTSHIP OF THE WORLD.THE CARD HE SHOWED WERE THE SIX SENT BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY TO THE MAN WE WRITE FROM.TEN OTHERS WERE THERE ERLIER SENT BY HE ON ARMTWIST NOT IN FEAR OF IT DIRECTLY TOLD POINT BLANK BY THE RAJAN A GANGSTER SINCE THE KILLING BY HE OF COMMANDER NANAVATI AND AHUJA HE GOT FIXED UP IN A FALSESTS AS A D.I.S. AS A ASSERS AS---- IN A DESIRE TO SNATCH A WAR-SHIP FROM THE INDIAN NAVY TO DACOIT IN THE SEA DACOITING TRADERS IN DEEP SEA TAKING THEIR LUGGAGE AND SHIP SELLING THE SHIP CLANDESTINELY AS A EFFORTS AS A FRONT WITH WE AS A SADR M.S.KOHLII AS A S.S.KOHLI AS A CALLED TO SHIP WITH WIFE AND DAUGHTER VERY VERY HONOURABLY----------WHILE ON SHIP TAKING OVER SHIP CLANDESTINELY----- SHUTTING THE CPA=CAPTAIN AS A POTENTIALS AS A ALL IN THE WE AS A SOLE LANDOWNER'S ORDER AS A SHOW AS A FAMILY HIS CAUGHT AS A DACOITY. SEX ASSAULTING BEFORE THEM IN PUBLIC ASKING THEM TO JOIN IN THIS GREAT FUN AS A POLATED EXERCISE THEIRS AS A POLICE RECORDS AS A WE AS A SEVEN SEAS AS.............FOILED AS A WE AS A SON M.S.KKOHLII CYANIDED WITH THIRTY DROP AND A INSTIL OF ONE BY WIFE TURNED BY THE FORCERS AS A THEY AS A SIR HAJIT CHOTA RAJAN AS A DELHI POLICERS AS.AS ASSERS AS A SIR THAT LOOKED A UNPROTECTED BY U.N.,INDIA,USA.NO ONE HAD THOUGHT TILL ENGLAND HE WILL BE DACOITED.ROME WERE IN INFORM AS WAS A USA IN THE TELEPHONE WHEN THEY CAME TO ASK THE SHIP.M.S.KOHLII SAID EH WHAT A WAY TO START A WAR OF NATIONS.AS A SHAITANS=SATAN ITSELF.WHY DID YOU GET ON THE INDIA AS A DACOITS LIVING IN INDIA ASKING THE NAVY OURS A SHIP IT IS TRYING TO BUILD UP AS A RECENTLY TAKEN FROM USA AS A FIRST SHIP WITH FIVE PLANES AS I HAD SUGGESTED THE PRIME MINISTER IN VIEW OF HER FEAR THAT WE LOOK WEAK SO THREATS WERE FROM PAKISTAN ON BEHALF USA----------- I HAD SUGGESTED A PURCHASE FROM USA TO BUILD TRUST.YOU SPOILER THINK I CAN CONSIDER MY SISTER MOTHER FATHER BROTHER AS A IMPORTANT AS A INDIVIDUALS TAKEN OVER BY YOUR GANG AS A SARDARS AS A SHIP-WRECKERS AS A ACQUIRING THE CONTROL OF THE SHIP AND TRYING TO FIRE GRANADES.ALL ON RECORD WE INTERNATIONAL ALL IS.BE SEEN WE ON TWO COMPACT DISCS AS A PAGES THREE WE CITE AS A THREE THOUSAND FIFTEEN TO SEVENTEEN AS A TRUE AS A DATA.THEY HE GOT CAUGHT AS A AIR CRAFT FLYERS AS A TOO IN THE MID AIR TILL OLIM.WORKING IMMEDIATELY ON PMO.TO GET THE DACOIT DUE WITHOUT A BIT ON THE FAMILY WE AS A AVTARS THREE NOT TWO THERE WE AS A WRITER OF THE GURU GRANTH OF THE SIKH WHICH WE SAY WERE NOT YET AWARDED BY THE UNO OR ANY OTHER AS A EVEN APPRECIATIONS BY A REVIEWS OPPOSED BY THESE KHALISTAN GANGSTERS WHO CAME FROM WHERE INTO WHAT TOO NOT RESEARCHED SO FAR BY POLICE AS WHY THEY DID WHAT THEY DID AS A POLATED AS A RELIGIOUS AS A PERSONS GOING AGAINST THE VERY RELIGION THAT WERE A STUDY OF THE HINDU AND A HINDU RELIGION CLASSED BY THE ENGLAND AS A HINDUS ACCORDED A PLACE IN THE HINDU AS A HINDU PANI EXACT OPPOSERS OF THE MUSLIMS THAT BREED WHICH PROTECTED BEING KILLED RELIGION THE HINDU.AS A IT IT TRANSCENDS AS A SOME STRATEGY OF THE THESE VULTURES.TO WHO LITTLE SON AS A ONE YEAR OLD NOT THE GOD AS A WE AS A SON RECOGNISED AS A WERE TAKEN TO DEATHS AS A ASSINGS AS AND HIS PROPERTY DEFOILED.NEEDS AN IMMEDIATE ATTENTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS AS A STOPPING THE CURRENCY AND TRADES AS A EMBASSIES AS A WE AS A SINNERS AS.WE FEEL NONE IN THEM IS A CORRECT.THEY WE SEE INCORRECTED AS A WE AS A SAY IN ALL THE WORLD AS A SERVANTS AS A WE AS A SIGNPOSTED AS A DECEIVER.

 

CORRECT AS A WORK WE SAW AS A TWO.

 

ONE WAS WALDO D. EMERSON THE ESSAYIST OF COMMONSENSE AS A ESSAY STILL VALID AS A IT AS A COMMONSENSE BUILDER HIGHER THAN OTHER SUN.

 

CORRECT WHAT IS.

 

AS A DESCRIBE WE SAW A MATTER AS CAME ONLY IN NINETEEN SIXTY TWO.IN THE RAMA KRISHNA ASHRAM IN A STOPPED THERE AND ASKED TOO TO GET OUT AS A LIFE AS AS A CRITIC AS A OF THE MATH THOUGHT ASSEDLY BY THE SECRETARY OF THE BRANCH CALLED MISSION AS A MISSIONARY AS A POLATED CUTTING THE GODHEAD IMPLANTED BY WE CANCELLING ITSELF AVIDLY BY WE AS IS.AS A STUDENT AS A CYANIDED BY THEY FORTY SEVEN TIMES AS A SELECTED ASS BASED ON NOTHING BUT A GUT REACTION AS A FACIAL EXPRESSION EXCITING A MAN TO GET INTO IT IN POLATION BY MOTHER NATURE OF A SUPERIOR ABOVE THE STARS TO BE BROKEN IF HE WERE TO BE HEARD TOO THERE AND THEN AS A CORRECT AS A NATURAL REACTION OF A ANIMAL LIKE A COW WHICH TOO IS CLASSED BY THE HINDUS AS THEIR MOTHER AS A WISE GUIDE TO THEY AS A ANIMALS.IF WE GO INTO THE DETAILS OF THEIR WORKING OR OBSERVATIONS SEEN BY M.S.KOHLII TOO OTHERS TOO SINCE HIS BIRTH TILL AGE NINE WHEN FIRST AS A SON ASA SSSKOHLI AS A WERE INTRODUCED TO HINDU CULTURE NOT BUT IT AS A WE AS A SEEN LEVEL THEN OF THE MEN LEFT HERE IN THE COUNTRY BY THE SLAVER FORCER OFF THE MINDS AS A ALL TACTICS AS A WARS AS A WAY TO SNATCH THE THEIR JEYDADS AS A DADIS AS A WE AS A NOT BUT THEY THE ANIMALS.HE WE THE WE SEEN AS A SECOND MAN IN FINDING WHAT IS RIGHT SO FAR WERE IN THE SLAVES AS A MENTALITY OR AS A SLAVERS AS A REFLEX TO SEE IF THAT THE ENGLANDERS REACTION WAS ALL RIGHT OR CORRECTESTS AS A POLATED AS A ONES A STRONGEST COUNTRY EMERGED ON EARTH AS A WE AS ASSAY AS A NOT THEY AS A FIND AS A ANIMALS AS A LIVES AS A TWO THINGS ONLY AS A CONCERNS AS A SEXES AS.WHICH THEY ISLANDERS AS A INDIANS AS A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT GIVEN TO A NEHRU TOO TO CONTINUE AS A SIMPLE AS A LOOKING MEN FORCED BY ANIMALISTICS AS A TWO COUNTRIES AS A WE AS A ANALYSIS IS. FAR FAR SUPER AS A WE AS A TRY TOO TO BE STILL A SERVICE TO THE MOTHER NATURE EXPOSING THEY TOO TO IT THE CURRENT AS A OPPOSERS AS..AS A ASSER AS A ANIMALS SNATCHER TRUSTED BY THEIR OWN MISTAKE POLATING THEIR SAID AS A DEPENDABLE MATTERS AS IF THEY WERE GOING TO BE DOING AS THEY PROJECTED TO ALL AT ALL TIMES SINCE TWENTY YEARS PAST AS A LIFE AS A ACTIVE OF THE TWO PARENT OF THE CHILD COMING UP AS THE GOD TILL A STUDENT ACTUAL MADE BY THEM TO THE BEST OF THEIR ABILITY AS A EXTENSION OF THEY THEMSELVES AS WAS SUGGESTED BY THEIR PARENTS AS A EXTENSIONS OF WHO THEY HAD COME UP AS A PEOPLE OF PROMINENCE.IN RECORD OF ROME.ENGLAND TOO,COMMUNISTS TOO.INDIA ERASING THEY MEANS ONLY IT IS A ANIMAL..WHICH YET HAS NO BENT TO RECORD THE MATTER AS IT IS.AS A VERY DEGRADED AS A SOCIETY.IN THE THEIR AS A NO SYSTEM IN THE THOUGHT TILL OF THE HINDUS EVEN AFTER TWENTY YEARS AS A IN THE STATE AS A EXPOSURES AS A SAID AS A ASSERS AS A CONGRESS AS A SYSTEM AS A ASS AS A SPARE PART OF THE WORLD.IN THE EFFORTS TO MAKE THIS WORLD A USELESSESTS AS A DEVICES ALONGWITH IT'S BRANCHES AS A BJP AND ALL OTHER PARTIES HERE.SEE THEIR REACTION TO MAMTA BANERJI IN THE HER COMING TO ATTEND AS A CALLED AS A STATE AS A NOT BEING ALLOWED TO ENTER THE PLANNING COMMISSION SO WE DID EFFORT TO SEE THEY ALL OUT AND CANCELLED AS A PLOTTERS AS A OF THE SYSTEM TO NON-SENSE GIVING AS A WAY TILL BY THEY AND ALL OTHER PARTIES IN WHICH WE ARE STEP BY STEP PROGRESSING TO DECIMATE THEY.NO MAN WHO WERE A STUDENT OF LAW AS A LLB OR NOT ROSE ON THE SCREEN AS A VISIBLE ALTHOUGH TWO DID WERE CANCELLED BY THE POLICE--- WE ASK OF THE POLICE AS A EXPLAIN TO WE THE WHO AND HOW TEACHES THEM LAW.IS IT THE BOOKS OF LAW OR A THEY AS A DEROGATION COMPLETE OF THE LAW AS A WAY AS WE SAW IN THE DELHI BY WE THE GODS AS A WE AS A PUT TOO IN THE REPORTS WE AS A POLICE TOO TO BUT NO ONE YET AS A WE AS A SEE AS A WERE.WE STOPPED OUR CARS THERE AND THEN BY A ORDER OF THE PUNJAB POLICE NOT BUT TOO IN THE TIME A.S. BRAR SPECIALLY GOT ELECTED BY THE PARTY TO CANCEL WE AS A THOUGHT AS------AS A ASSERS AS A FEW NOT TWELVE THOUSAND AS A SPECIAL PLUCK. ALL UNDERSTANDING I GOD THE MOTHER NATURE TOTAL OWNER OF THE COSMOS PERVADING THE COSMOS WAS GOING TO BE BUSY FOR A FEW MONTHS IN THE BRINGING UP OF THE ALTERNATE TO THE GOD U.N. FORCED ON THEM THE ANIMALS.UNWORTHIES AS BEHAVING THROUGH PERIODS NINETEEN FORTY SEVEN TO SIXTY SEVEN.AS A WORLD LAW BREAKERS AS SO BROKEN DOWN INTO BITS AS A SEVEN AS A TIMES AS A STATE AS A ALLOW STARTING THE THEIR TAKEP. TAKEP IS THE TOTAL DIVEST OF THE ECONOMY. A BROKERAGES TILL NOT PAID AS A EXISTING. A DOWNGRADE AS A EXISTANCE. THIS AS A WE AS A GUARANTEES AS A IS AS A WE AS A SEENS AS A SEWS AS.RECORDED IN THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE WORLD IN THE YEAR AS A SEVEN OF THE FIFTY AS A SPECIAL SESSEIONS.BY THE DAV COMMITTEE TOO IN THE THAT.PLACED WE AS A WE.KNOWN TO WE.WE AS A MEMORY GIVER TAKE IT TOO TO BE KEEPING IT IN RECORDS AS A SEVEN TOO IN THE NEED WE NOT BUT TO PUBLISH THEY THE THESE AS A SEWS AS A WE AS A TO ACCUSES AS A SEWS AS A ALONE MAKE DO DID IN THE PAST AS EVER.

 

CORRECT WHAT IS TO FIND A MAN WERE THERE WE AS A STRIVE IN THE WE TO GUIDE HE WE.WE=ONE LOST IN GOD THE SUPREME FORCE UNIVERSE WHEN WRITTEN BY WE THE GOD OF ALL SUPREME FORCE UNIVERSE AS A WE AS.

 

HE WE SAW DID SEARCH FOR AN ANSWERS AS A WE AS A SEVEN SEAS AS A SADR AS A EARTH TO BE DECLARED FIVE SEVENTY TIMES AS A COST PAID AS A MERE BACHE AS A SKILLED KILLED AS A MEMORY AS A ORDER SIR AS A NOTHING AS A POLICER INCOMPETENT MISTER SEN CALLING SELF A FOOL AS A MIND AS.

 

WATER IN INVENTIONS AS A SEVEN SEVENTY AS A CHIEF INVENTOR OF THE WATER AS A TAKER AS A CALLED AS A VERY POOR DESCRIPTION AS A OF THE VERY FOOL SHRI S.C. KAUSHAL.WE SAW WE AS A SEA AS ASSE.HE ASSING HE MISTER M.S. WHO CHIEF OF WORLD GOT HE A JOB THREE DIFFERENT PLACES IN ON HIS REQUESTS..AS A SEA AS A SERVANT HIS AS AVOW TAKEN IN ADVANCE AS A WORLD ATMOSPHERE BUILDING IN THE HE WILL ASSIST TO EXTENT HE CAN AS TO BRING UP EQUALITY,FRATERNITY,PEACE AS WERE BUT HE MADE FOOL IN VERY VERY TILL BECAME THERE WE SAY TILL ILLING WE HE AS SO WE SENT HE TO HELL IN THE HELL.HEAVEN WE GAVE HE A A WE AS BUT HE HIS OTHERS AS A BROTHERS AS A ALL IN THE OBLIGE WE AS A SHRI M.S.KOHLII SHE WE WERE THERE IN THE OUTSOURCING WE BUT OUR RETURN IN THE THEY FROM IS NOT THERE ANY WAY TILL EIGHT PERCENT BY S.C. KAUSHAL A MAN WHO UNLIKE MANY OTHER FORGOT NOT TO REPAY BUT COULD NOT .AS A WAS AS A TWENTY FIVE PERCENT OF THE THIS PLANET..TO THE EXTENT FIFTY THOUSAND PERCENT AS A MATTER RECEIVED AS A WE AS A SEEN .REST AS A SEVEN THOUSAND PERCENT ARE IN DEBT COMPLETE.

 

S.C.KAUSHAL'S DONE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE WE WERE A MERE TWO PERCENT OF THE RECEIVED BY HE.RESULTS AS A WE AS A FURTHER INPUTS AS A WE AS A READING HE HIS EXPRESSIONS FROM WERE AS A MISTER MIND READERS AS A SOUL AS A PURE AS A WE AS.

 

WE SAW A PLANET EARTH IN NO WATER AS A SYSTEM AS A INDIA..AS A WE NOT AS A GOD BUT AS A HUMAN M.S.KOHLII WE AS A SMALLEST CREATURE AS GOOD AS A FISH WHALE OF THE TYPE BLUE WHOM HE TAUGHT THE VOICE OF THE HUMAN IN THE SEA AS A SEAMEN IN THE A.S. BRAR USING THE RADIOPHONE AS A HIS INVENTION GIVEN BY HE M.S.KOHLII TO MICHIKO OF JAPAN AS A GIFT TO HAVE COME ON PHONE ON HIS BROTHER'S REQUEST NOT BUT HIS REQUEST.HE WE SAW A VERY VERY RESPECTFUL NON-SEX LEADER ESTABLISHING A REASONABLE SAY AS A WE AS A GOD AS.DEEP WITHIN WE TO CONNECTED AS A MINUTE AS A FIFTY THOUSAND TIMES IN HIS DIETY AS A LIFE LIVING CREATURES AS A MIAN BIWI.AS A WE AS A TALK AS A WE AS A KEPT NOT AS A BIVI=BIWI=WIFE AS WE ASS WE AS A BIWI-AS A BIVI IN LOVE NOT WE THE GOD AS A DO LIKE WE AS A PRESENTED TO HIM A WIFE BUT HUSBANDING THE HE THE HUSBAND WISER THAN HE SHE TILL FIVE TIMES IN HUNDRED THOUSANDS AS A WE AS A NOT ONLY YOU AS A WORLD BUT SEX IS A GREAT HEALER YOU WOULD SAY WE DON'T.WE SEE EXACT SO DID HE BUT AS A REALIST AS A IT SAW LIFE WE SAW AS IT IS..AS IT WILL BE...AS A LIVING....WITHOUT HER AND WITH HER----CHOOSING A LINE SHE WITH IT AFTER SHE REQUESTED HE TO DECIDE FOR ONCE SHE BE OR NOT BE IT AS A SHE CAUGHT NOT BECAUSE HE WANTED NOT CATCHING HER IN ACT OF SEX..AS A ONE IN WE THINKING WE SEE ALL IN THE WORLD AT ALL THE TIMES AND IT ALL HAPPENING IN THE WORLD IS THAT THAT GOD DESIRES AS A TOTALITY.SO JUST BE SEEING THINGS AS THEY ARE..AND LEARN..CAREFULLY ALL LIFE BRINGS BEFORE YOU IT MAY BE FOR YOUR GOOD IF YOU UNDERSTAND------AFTER ALL LIFE WERE GOING TO BE WHETHER YOU LIVE OR NOT AND HAS BEEN TOO WHEN YOU WERE YET TO COME.COMBINATIONS MIGHT HAVE BEEN ANY BUT THE ONES GOING TO COME BEFORE YOU TOO MIGHT HAVE COME EARLIER AND YOU MAY LEARN FROM IT THE REAL FACT------PROBABLY THIS THE GOD WANTS YOU TO BE DOING TO LEARN WHAT EXACTLY IS WHAT AND THEN CAREFULLY SEE IF THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN SOME SUCH WAY AS TO REACH TARGETERS AS WHERE YOU TARGET.YEAR AFTER YEAR AS A WE AS A HE WERE IN THE JOB AS A PROBABILITIES ADDRESSED. A SINGLE PERSON ON A PLANET ABSOLUTELY OPPOSED TILL COUNTRIES HUNDRED TWENTY TILL RISING EVER AS A DIRTY TRICKS DEPARTMENT CAME IN SEEING A GREAT AS A OPPORTUNITY IN THE PLUCK OF A HERO.HE WERE A WE TO CONNECTED HIGHEST AS A WORSHIPPER ALWAYS ACTING IN THE CORRECT DIRECTION.HE WE DUE AND HIS MIND SPEED DUE TO CONTINUOUSLY FIXING MIND ON TWO THINGS DUE WE AT THE SAME TIME BLESSED BY WE TO OUR LOVE AS A EXTENSION AS A CHILD OURS OR WE OURSELVES EXPRESSED AS A FROM BEGINING OF HIS LIFE AS A FATHER AS A TOO IT WERE ALL TROUGH HIS LIFE AS A RAM RAM AS A BASIC BHAJAN IN HIS HEART AS A WE AS A SEEN A WEARER OF A JANEU TILL SIKHS CALLING SELF AS A THREAT OF A KNIFING TILL DEATH IF DOES NOT TAKE OFF IT BECAUSE OF SERIOUS ATYACHARS AS A HINDUS AS A SIKH ON.ATYACHARS WERE AS A SEXES THREE TILL DAILY ON EACH AND EVERY KANYA BE IT TWO YEARS OF AGE OR A THIRTY FORTY TILL NOT ONLY BUT A SEVENTY TOO.IN DELHI......UNDER ENGLAND AS A SEMEN BUILDINGS AS A HINDUS AS A FRONT AS A WE AS A TILL TILLORED AS A WE AS A GREAT PREACHER OF HINDUS AS A WE AS A GRANTH CARRYING ALL IT ONLY SAID TOO TO BE AGAINST THEY.BY THEY THE ONES SAYING WE SIKHS WILL KILL YOU FOR WRITING THE GRANTH AS A HINDU.MISTER IKKI WAS THE CAUSER OF ALL THIS AS A DHAN OURS AS A WE AS A SHORT BE WITH A SINGLE AIM IT SO I ONCOMING SO ROTATED LIFE THEY BE IN DOING WHAT THEY HAD BEEN DOING YOU IN DOING WHAT YOU DID AS A WESTERNER OR CHINESE OR JAPANESE OR A BRAZILIAN OR AMERICAN OR ENGLISH TO POLATE YOU ENOUGH AND MAKE YOU RELAXED ENOUGH AS TO TAKE ON YOU ALL WHEN I FEEL I NO MORE WILL TOLERATE YOU..AND FIX YOU AS A NUT BOLT WE BY INVENTED AS A SARDAR SAHIB AS A OURS AS A MISTER M.S.KOHLII THE PRIME INVENTOR THAT GAVE YOU ELECTRICAL,GAS AND ALL OTHER WELDINGS TOO,SPARK PLUGS TOO BIGEON PINS TOO IN THE POLATION OF A ROTATES AS A THEY BE TO LUBRICATEDLY RUNNING LIFE SUBSTANCES AS A SOURCER RESOURCER AS A NATURE MOTHER EARTH OF A DISTILLED SUBSTANCES AS A OBSERVER OF HIGHEST MERIT AS TO BE GOD TO YOU ALL ESPECIALLY THE GIRLS ALL OF THE EARTH..WHOSE EVERY INCH OF LIFE IS FILLED BY HE THE MAKER OF YOUR BINDI TOO OF TEN TOUSAND AS A VARIABLES AS A CHARMS AS A ONE WIFE FOR TO BE CHARMIS TO HER HUSBAND SO IT THE BANGLES OF THE PLASDTICS,GLASSES,SILVER,GOLD,ROLLED GOLD --HIS INVENTION OF GOLD LIKE SUBSTANCE SHINING TOO TO BE A NOT ATTRACTIVE TO CHAIN SNATCHER BUT EQUALLY GOOD LOOKING TO ANY WITHIN A PURSE OF THE LOWEST EARNS AS A COMMON TILL....YOUR SOFAS OF ALL STEEL,WOOD,SO TOO BEDS,FROM CEMENTS TILL PLASTER OF PARIS THROUGH LIME AS A THIRTY THOUSAND NOT THREE NOT IT...BRICKS OF ALL SIZES HIS MADE AS A ARE WERE ALL THE TIME SINCE NINETEEN FIFTY THREE NOT FIFTY NOT TOO FORTY NINE NOT TOO EIGHT TILL ILLING THE THEY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT TOO IN THE THEY SAYING TILL WHEN YOU ENGINEER WILL WE.WE SEE DID HE DOING IT FOR ALL THE MANUFACTURERS LIKE CHILDREN TOYS AS A SWIFT AS A IDEAS AS A WE AS A WERE TEN THOUSANDS.THE DELHI WE DEVELOPED AS A WE AS A ALL ALONE AS AWE AS A FROM THE DATE OF THE WE AS GIVING THE FREEDOM HOW BUT ERLIER AS THE WE AS A DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEAF SPRING AND A CARIERS FOR ALL.ON THE HUNDRED TWENTIETH DAY OF LIFE AS A TINY TODDLER SIX AS A INCH HIGH THOUGH BUT TALKING WALKING.WATER WE STARTED WE AS A DIVERTY AS GOING INTO WHY A SINGLE WERE IN FEELING LIFE ON EARTH AS A HUNGRY MOUTHS TO FEED.UNITED NATIONS WAS CORRECT IN NOT GIVING HIS INVENTIONS OF HIGHEST CAPITALISABILITY IN THIS WORLD TO ANY WITHOUT AN EVALUATION AND FIXING EXCHANGE PARAMETERS----THOUGH PUT THIRTY TIMES LOWER AS A WE AS A WERE.A SINGLE INVENTION IF WOULD HAVE BEEN SOLD AS A ROYAL AS A NOT BUT ON ROYALTY AS WERE AS A HUNDRED TWENTY AFTER WE IT WERE WE AS A DRY NOT SLAVER NOT.NOR IT'S TIME OR AGE WERE TO BE.WE TARE IS.TEN PERCENT IT ALLOWED TO THOSE AS A WE TO IN THE CATAGORY BRICK MAKING A MERE THREE AS A PERCENT TOO WERE NOT AS A OUR APPLICATIONS AS A GOT BY THE ENGLAND WERE.TWO PERCENT WERE GIVEN.SO WAS IN THE ROAD MAKING.HAD IT BEEN TEN PERCENT OUR SINGLE INVENTION AS A ELECTRIC GENERATOR USED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD TILL TODAY WOULD HAVE GOT WE EXACTLY 67890 OCTILLION.........WE ACCUSE ENGLAND OF CORNERING WE AS IT WERE IN KNOW OF THE TOTAL BEHAVIOUR OF ALL IN THE BEING THE LEADER OF THE AGGRESSIVES ASA ALL IN THE THIS AGGRESSIVE WORLD OF DACOITS WHO SAW TO IT THAT HIS VALUABLE PRODUCE OF HUNDRED TWENTY LAKH TIMES THE FIGURE I PUT AS EXACT OUR ROYALTY FROM ONE ELECTRIC GENERATION IN WHICH WE AS A THIRTY FOUR AS A INVENTIONS ENTERED BY WE WERE OVER THE EDISONIAN AS A NON WORKING INVENTION. WE CITE SALE OF EDISON COMPANY OF THE ELECTRICITY IN USA AND OTHERS AS A POINT WE PUT HERE AS A WE AS A POINT--------IT WERE A TOTAL OF THIRTY THREE MILLION AS A TIMES AS A ALL.FROM NINETEEN TWELVE AS A SAID NOW FICTITIOUSLY BUT IT STARTED IN THE YEAR NINETEEN FORTY SEVEN TILL HAD A SEEM AS A IN THE TOWN OF THE EDINBURGH IN TEN POUND AS A FIGURES AS A WE AS A QUEEN ELI ONE AS A SAY NOW WE SAW IT NOTHING-----IN ENGLAND STILL NONE IS IN THE COMPANY IN THE SUMP.

 

WATER FEEL WE GAVE TO HE WE AS A TOY.IN CITY OF DACOITS AS A WATER POISONED WERE THRICE ALWAYS REPORTED AS A HE BEING MOST TASTE.THREE MILLION TIMES AS A COMMON PALATE OF A COMMON WOMAN.HE WE SAY IS THE ALL THAT YOU EAT IN THE FIVE STAR TILL WE HAVE A HOLDING AS A FIFTY PERCENT IN ALL ON OUR LAND PER WE AS A CHARGE AS A SOLE LANDOWNER SO FIXED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS AFTER A DISCISSIONS THIRTY.SO ALL FACTORIES COUNTRIES AS A TOO APPLICABLE WERE BUT NONE HAS PAID A PENNY TO OUR CHILD AS A JUSTIN AS A DOING HIS DUTY AS A GOD OF EARTH GIVING THE EARTH FEEL AS A OUTSOURCER OURS AS A MOTHER NATURE. WE ASK NOW OURS ALL.FROM ALL.ONLY USA AS A PAYMENT OF FORTEEN FORTY HEP WE FIXED UP SEEING IMMINENT TAKING OF IT BY MISTER AMIT SHAH AS A SISTERS AS A SHRI MODI.AS DID WE IN TWO DACOITY ON WE WE BY BROUGHT TOO IN THE WORDPRESS AS A WE AS A WRITINGS AS A CONFORM IN HERE WE CONFIRM SAME AS A REPORTS AS.

 

DESPITE WE AS A VERY MANY UPBRINGING EFFORTS WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO STOP ENTRY OF OUTSIDERS INTO THE U.N. BUILDINGS AS A VERY VERY UNPROTECTED AS A STRUCTURES INFILTRATED BY TWENTY THOUSAND MEN TWELVE THOUSAND WOMEN NEVER ALLOCATED A JOB IN A REGULAR SELECTION OR A JOB ADVERTISEMENT-------------AS A VERY VERY ALARMING AS A WE TO ACTIVITY IN WHICH WE FEEL YOU EARTH HAVE LOST THE UNITED NATIONS.

 

WE CITE HEREUNDER A CASE HUNDRED FORTY .OF THE PAIN IN THE RIB GIVEN SPECIFICALLY TOO TO THE WOMEN NOT MEN THAT HAD SOWN SEEDS AS AT ONE SIXTEEN P.M. TODAY THE ELEVENTH OF JUNE OF THE TWO THOUSAND EIGHTEEN.THEY ARE TWELVE THOUSAND.COMBED EXCUTIVELY BY OUR EXACTING OFFICERS OF THE DEPARTMENTS MADE BY WE THE COSMOS HANDLERS.THE GOD WE OF THE UNIVERSE AS.AS YOU AS A NONE.POLICE WE.OFFICERS WE.GENERALS WE.NATO IN TWELVE THOUSANDS.IN POLICE INDIA AS A SIX TWELVE AS A THOUSANDS IN THE THEY AS A SENT TO IT IS AS A WE AS A STRIVERS AS A TO BE OR OTHERWISE WE KEEP INCREASING THE PAINS AS A REMINDERS AS AS A WELL TESTED METHOD.IN THE RUSSIA PUTIN NOT BUT TOO IN THE ABSENCE OF THE CORRECT POSTURING.OTHER ALL.TILL GEORGIA IF THEY DO NOT GIVE WE OUR LYDMILA IN GOOD HEALTH TO BE SEEING HER AND ASKING HER WELFARE.WE REMIND SHE WERE HERE WE AS A MARRIAGE IN INTERTESTED AS A PROPOSER WE TO THE WE AS A SADR AS A INTRODUCED WHEN THE A.S. BRAR AS TO EXCITED BE IN SEXING HER THIRTY SIX THOUSANDS OF TIMES IF POSSIBLE AS BECOMES TO WOMEN IN POLICE CUSTODY TILL.THEY RAPED HER THIRTY MEN AS A TWELVE MONTHS WE SO IN GIVE HE WE AS A SERVANT SO A MILD NOT SEVERE PAINS AS A WE TO DECEIVERS AS AS A WE OF THE WHOLE WEALTH TAKER LEAVING WE IN THE LURCH NOT ONLY BUT IN THE LURE OF A JOB ENOUGH TO FEED OUR TWO AS A ASS AS A STRATEGY TO WREST AWAY ALL OF A VERY VERY TALENTED AND TELL HE HE EARNED NOTHING EVER IN LIFE WHILE TAKING HIS MULTIPLE BILLIONS AS A FUNDS AS A WE AS A WERE AS A OIL IN ALL DEVELOPMENTS OF EXCAVATION IN THE EARTH TOO AS THE FIFTY PERCENT SHARE SUGGESTED BY THE U.N. TO ALL OIL EXCAVATORS AS A OUR JUSTICE IN SHARE AS A ONE WHO PURCHASED THE RIGHTS AS A EARTH OWNERS AS FROM ALL THE DEFEATED OR SLAVE COUNTRIES TOO AND THE CONTROLLERS OF THE LAND OF THE PLANET CLEARLY IN EXCHANGES GIVING EXACT TWELVE BILLION TIMES THE CURRENT VALUE PEGGED BY WE ME THE SUPREME JUSTICE GIVER AS A NINE NEUNTILLIONS AS A VERY MANY MAGNATES AS A PROPERTY STEALERS AS A ARE IN THE IT AS A WE AS A RELATIVES COMING IN THE SAY WE REPRESENT HE WE DO NOT GIVE A DUCK.THE REAL VALUE WE GIVE ARE A TELLTALE AS A NONE.OVER ABOVE ALL MONEYS.NO RIGHT TO SELL ANY ANY.THE WE ANALYSE HERE WE AS A POINT THIS TOO IN THE WE AS A OUTSOURCING THE WE BOUGHT BY ANYS AS A GRAPHICALITY. : THE RUSSIA AS A USSR TOO SINCE OUR PURCHASE TOOK OUT MINERAL OIL AS A WE AS A OF THE SALE IT INSIDE AS A THIRTY FIVE THOUSAND BILLION AT A PRICE LOWER THAN INDIA AS A SEVEN THOUSAND FIFTY HUNDRED SEVENTY NINE.AS A WE ME ARRIVALS AS A DONE BY THE THEY THE JUSTICE .JUSTICE HOEING TO THE SKY AS.THROWING IT IN THE BIN.WE SO IN PUT THE WE SAY IN THE OTHER HOW. THE ACTUAL VALUE SOLD IS A TERMINOLOGY NOW AS A WE AS A MISTER M.S.KOHLII BY RIGHTLY OPPOSED TO THE C.I.A. AS A NAMED INSTITUTE NOT BUT TO THE GENERAL MANAGER IT'S AS A SLIGHTLY CINNED NOT BUT TWENTY DROPS OF THIRTY PERCENT THROWN ON HE TEN MINUTES LATER HOW BUT WAS AS A SEPOY NOTED EXACTLY HIS STATEMENT SIGNED BY HE COLLAPSING..............FOR THE LEGALITIES AS A SOLE LANDOWNER THE OWNER OF THE THEIR LAND INDIA TOO IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM WEND.AS IS..AS A WE AS A SYSTEM AS SAID FALSE COMPLETE SO IN I GIVE THEY ALL THE STRAIN OF THE MILLION SUNS.ESPECIALLY TO THE OTHER NOT ALL THOSE WE SEE DOING A REPRESENT..IN THE WE TO A DECEIT. SO WE MOVE TO ALL IN THE PLANET IN THE THEY DOING EXACT.

 

A EXPLANATION OF THE ABOVE THREE THIRTY LINE WORK NOT BUT TOO IN THE MIND OF THE SCIENTIST WERE.BUT WERE RECORDED BY WE ONLY.YOUR EARTH AS A THANKS NOT WERE BUT THE BENEFITS WERE TAKEN WITHOUT A MUR.SO THIS EARTH TO WE GIVE A RANGE OF THE CHEMICALITY.CHARGING IT PENALITY.AT PLACES YOU WILL SEE IT.LEAVE IT OR TAKE IT CHOICE BE PER FATE.MANY ARE IN THE TOUCHING OR DAMAGING ME MY WRITTEN.I GIVE THEM NAUSEA.AT TWO SIXTEEN P.M. TODAY FROM TILL END AS A WAY OF THE OUR BLESSES.COUNTER YOU TRY WE INCREASE.YOU ENJOY AS YOU MAKE WE ENJOY.LET WE BE LIFE LIKE.

  

MALAWINDAR SINGH KOHLII WATCHED IN THE UNIVERSITY AND ELSEWHERE CAUSED BY HIM THE FOUNTAINS MADE BY HIM IN THE CUT CANISTERS TOO BUT IN THE GALVANISED IRON A INVENT OF HIS IN THE MEHRAULI IN THE DATE TERAH NOTED ON A PLAIN PAPER IN THE COURT OF THE UNJION AND REMOVED BY A VERY JEALOUS STUPID FOOL K.K.PAUL .

 

THE BEHAVIOUR WERE DIFERENT .IT THE EXACT AMOUNTS GIVEN FAR SUPERIOR. SO STARTED EXPERIMENTATION NEXT IN THE UNIVERSITY,HIS HOUSE, IN THE ROSE GARDEN CHANDIGARH UNDER HIS GAZE ,,AS A VERY MANY EXPERIMENTS SECRETIVELY NOT BUT TOO IN THE WE SEEN IS ASCRIBED TO A ANOTHER NOT HIM IN THE UNIVERSITY PWD DEPARTMENT IN THE REGISTER AS A NEW INVENT.THE EXPERIMENTS HE DID WERE TWO THOUSAND BEFORE GOING IN FOR THE NEXT VARIETY OF THE EXPERIMENTS FROM THE TWO OF THE TWELVE OF HIS AGE STARTING WERE IN THE DELHI TOO IN THE MEHRAULI TOO IN THE QUTUB IN ASSOCIATION NOT DUE SUGGESTIONS GIVEN AS A RECORDED BY THE INDIRA GANDHI SYNDICATE HOW.INDIA AS A CULTURED AS A POORESTS AS A COUNTRY WERE IS PROVED BY THE THIS BEHAVIOURS AS A NON RECORDING THE VERY MANY EXPERIMENTS OF A DOYAN AS A EXPERIMENTORS AS A MISTER M.S.KOHLII THE MAN WHO GOT THEM FREEDOM FROM FOREIGN RULE BY GIVING THEM FREEDOM TO BE DEMOCRATICALLY BEHAVING CALLING THE SHOT OVER AND ABOVE THE MAN WHO PURCHASED THE LAND OF THE WORLD TOO IN WHICH THE INDIA IS ONLY A THOUSANDTH PART BUT IT STOPPED HIS INVESTMENT GIVING FREEDOMS ON IT'S OWN EVEN AFTER THEY HAD KNOWN HIS CYANIDINGS WERE BY A TORCHERERS GANG OF THE WITCH DOCTOR THE YADWINDER

  

BABA PAL AS A MISTER JOGINDER KAUR AS A PRACTICING WOMEN WOMENHOOD AS A PRESCRIBED PROFESSION TO THEY PRESCRIBED BY THE POLICE AND THEY POISONED SHE HIS MOTHER WOMEN BEING MOST DESPICABLE IN THE JANUARY OF THE NINETEEN FORTY EIGHT UNDER ORDERS OF J.L. NEHRU A CRIMER WITH THE WE WEMEN. WE SAW HE SEX HER IN CUSTODY TWO THIRTY TIMES AS A STATEMENT OF THE GANG A.S. BRAR.

  

THEIR MEMORY AND SPREAD RELIGION BE STOPPED FOR EVER AS THERE TOO NO GURU GOBIND SING OR RAI EXISTED AS HINDUS ARE SAYING WERE THE RECORTS AS A PROVEN.THESE AS A POLICE RECORDS AS A TOO EXIST BUT A JEALOUS AS A FASTESTS AS A JAMES-BONDING TYPE SAY IN THAT HE FOUND A CRIMINAL REPLACED THE GODLY FAMILY TO TAKE AWAY THEIR PROPERTY WITH HIS MOTHER AS A WITCH DOCTORS AS A THREE AS A POTENT BUT WITH TWO MEN INCURSED BY THEY THE OBSERVANT OF THE GEEN/GANGS AS A TWELVE MADE MOVING AROUND WOMEN IN THE DAY TO SELECT A ANY TO ASK FOR A TEA TOGETHER IN THE THEIR DRUG AS A SPRAYED OR FLASHED WITH FLASHERS AS THEY DID WITHOUT NOTICE BY THESE WOMEN TOO NOT BUT TOO IN THE DESIRE .

tre svømepiger i aarhus

One of the many fascinating projects I was involved in, as London Underground's Design & Heritage Manager, was conservation and restoration of many of the historic structures that the Tube owns and still operates. Out of over 275 stations over 80 are statutorially Listed, including this one, many more are Locally Listed and nearly all have some Heritage Features as assessed by London Underground itself.

 

Many stations still have faience facades of a type of construction that the Central London Railway (1900) and the Underground Electric Railways of London (1905/6 and later) utilised. The Metropolitan Railway also used faience on many of its early 20th Century reconstructions.

 

The basic construction methodology is sound - the use of load bearing steel framework and a cloak of effectively mass produced faience blocks - in this case made in Leeds by the Burmantofts Works of the Leeds Fireclay Company. However, some defects can occur if the facade is not waterproof, when moisture meets the steelwork, corrodes and spalls, or if the fireskin of the faience blocks themselves is damaged (such as through hole drilling or physocal damage). The latter tends to invite frost freeze and thaw, further destroying the material.

 

At South Kensington the issues were compounded by the removal, several decades earlier, of any internal wall finishes when the ticket hall and lift landings. along with the lify shaft, were stripped out for use as a passive ventilation shaft. Some earlier spot repairs, using 'plastic' fillers over wire mesh and coloured resin fillers had also started to fail badly - these tend to be prone to UV failure. All in all the structure and facade was a mess - and first we had to gain Listed Building Consent to undertake intrusive surveys and condition surveys to see what was actually going on.

 

To cut a long story short we realised we needed to physically reconstruct almost 85 - 90% of the facade, such was the deterioration of the sub-strate and the facade. We had undertaken similar work on other stations and so were able to call on expert manufacturers (Darwen Faience & Terracotta) and construction contractors. The manufacturing of new blocks is not simple as you have to allow for shrinkage in firing, colour matching older and now illegal glazes along with firing temperature variations in colour. To ensure a lack of uniformity - as you don't actually want a 'blank' colour the manufacturer has to also consider glaze weight. The setting out has to be precise - no 'cutting' like tiles, and the new blocks were correctly back-filled with inert packing and tied structurally back to new substrate. All in all - a helluva job and I'm still pleased as punch with it. It was and to some building conservators still is contentious as traditonal restoration aims to reatin as much original material as possible. However on highly used buildings such as these I am of the view that when such structures are life-expired options such as careful recreation, with a full understanding of the materials, architectural detail, integrity and context are weighed against retention (some 15% of the original is still here) then this is a valid approach.

Botswana, Moremi National Park, Moremi Game Reserve, Private Reserve, Farm, Chobe National park, Chobe Game Reserve, Zambia, Zambezi River, Livingstone, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, Wildlife Conservation Project, Maramba River Lodge, South Africa, Krugger National Park, Okavango Delta, Kalahari region, Kalahari Desert.

Rhinoceros /raɪˈnɒsərəs/, often abbreviated as rhino, is a group of five extant species of knee-less, odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to southern Asia.

Members of the rhinoceros family are characterized by their large size (they are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all of the species able to reach one tonne or more in weight); as well as by a herbivorous diet; a thick protective skin, 1.5–5 cm thick, formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure; relatively small brains for mammals this size (400–600 g); and a large horn. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter, if necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their powerful premolar and molar teeth to grind up plant food.[1]

Rhinoceros are killed by humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and which are used by some cultures for ornamental or (pseudo-scientific) medicinal purposes. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails.[2] Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn.

The IUCN Red List identifies three of the species as critically endangered.

The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek: ῥῑνόκερως, which is composed of ῥῑνο- (rhino-, "nose") and κέρας (keras, "horn"). The plural in English is rhinoceros or rhinoceroses. The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is crash or herd.

The five living species fall into three categories. The two African species, the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros, belong to the Dicerotini group, which originated in the middle Miocene, about 14.2 million years ago. The species diverged during the early Pliocene (about 5 million years ago). The main difference between black and white rhinos is the shape of their mouths - white rhinos have broad flat lips for grazing, whereas black rhinos have long pointed lips for eating foliage.

There are two living Rhinocerotini species, the Indian rhinoceros and the Javan rhinoceros, which diverged from one another about 10 million years ago. The Sumatran rhinoceros is the only surviving representative of the most primitive group, the Dicerorhinini, which emerged in the Miocene (about 20 million years ago).[3] The extinct woolly rhinoceros of northern Europe and Asia was also a member of this tribe.

A subspecific hybrid white rhino (Ceratotherium s. simum × C. s. cottoni) was bred at the Dvůr Králové Zoo (Zoological Garden Dvur Kralove nad Labem) in the Czech Republic in 1977. Interspecific hybridisation of black and white rhinoceros has also been confirmed.[4]

While the black rhinoceros has 84 chromosomes (diploid number, 2N, per cell), all other rhinoceros species have 82 chromosomes.

 

White rhinoceros

Main article: White rhinoceros

There are two subspecies of white rhino: the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni). In 2007, the southern subspecies had a wild population of 17,480 (IUCN2008) - 16,266 of which were in South Africa - making them the most abundant rhino subspecies in the world. However, the northern subspecies was critically endangered, with as few as four individuals in the wild; the possibility of complete extinction in the wild having been noted since June 2008.[5] Six are known to be held in captivity, two of which reside in a zoo in San Diego. Four born in a zoo in the Czech Republic were transferred to a wildlife refuge in Kenya in December 2009, in an effort to have the animals reproduce and save the subspecies.[6]

There is no conclusive explanation of the name white rhinoceros. A popular theory that "white" is a distortion of either the Afrikaans word weid or the Dutch word wijd (or its other possible spellings whyde, weit, etc.,) meaning wide and referring to the rhino's square lips is not supported by linguistic studies.[7][8]

The white rhino has an immense body and large head, a short neck and broad chest. This rhino can exceed 3,500 kg (7,700 lb), have a head-and-body length of 3.5–4.6 m (11–15 ft) and a shoulder height of 1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft). The record-sized white rhinoceros was about 4,500 kg (10,000 lb).[9] On its snout it has two horns. The front horn is larger than the other horn and averages 90 cm (35 in) in length and can reach 150 cm (59 in). The white rhinoceros also has a prominent muscular hump that supports its relatively large head. The colour of this animal can range from yellowish brown to slate grey. Most of its body hair is found on the ear fringes and tail bristles, with the rest distributed rather sparsely over the rest of the body. White rhinos have the distinctive flat broad mouth that is used for grazing.

 

Black rhinoceros

Main article: Black rhinoceros

The name black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) was chosen to distinguish this species from the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). This can be confusing, as the two species are not really distinguishable by color. There are four subspecies of black rhino: South-central (Diceros bicornis minor), the most numerous, which once ranged from central Tanzania south through Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to northern and eastern South Africa; South-western (Diceros bicornis bicornis) which are better adapted to the arid and semi-arid savannas of Namibia, southern Angola, western Botswana and western South Africa; East African (Diceros bicornis michaeli), primarily in Tanzania; and West African (Diceros bicornis longipes) which was declared extinct in November 2011.[10] The native Tswanan name Keitloa is used to describe a South African variation of the black rhino in which the posterior horn is equal to or longer than the anterior horn.[11]

An adult black rhinoceros stands 150–175 cm (59–69 in) high at the shoulder and is 3.5–3.9 m (11–13 ft) in length.[12] An adult weighs from 850 to 1,600 kg (1,900 to 3,500 lb), exceptionally to 1,800 kg (4,000 lb), with the females being smaller than the males. Two horns on the skull are made of keratin with the larger front horn typically 50 cm long, exceptionally up to 140 cm. Sometimes, a third smaller horn may develop. The black rhino is much smaller than the white rhino, and has a pointed mouth, which it uses to grasp leaves and twigs when feeding.

During the latter half of the 20th century their numbers were severely reduced from an estimated 70,000[13] in the late 1960s to only 2,410 in 1995.[14]

Indian rhinoceros

Main article: Indian rhinoceros

The Indian rhinoceros, or the greater one-horned rhinoceros, (Rhinoceros unicornis) is now found almost exclusively in Nepal and North-Eastern India. The rhino once inhabited many areas ranging from Pakistan to Burma and may have even roamed in China. However, because of human influence, their range has shrunk and now they only exist in several protected areas of India (in Assam, West Bengal, Gujarat and a few pairs in Uttar Pradesh) and Nepal, plus a few pairs in Lal Suhanra National Park in Pakistan. It is confined to the tall grasslands and forests in the foothills of the Himalayas.

The Indian rhinoceros has thick, silver-brown skin which creates huge folds all over its body. Its upper legs and shoulders are covered in wart-like bumps, and it has very little body hair. Fully grown males are larger than females in the wild, weighing from 2,500–3,200 kg (5,500–7,100 lb).The Indian rhino stands at 1.75–2.0 metres (5.75–6.5 ft). Female Indian rhinos weigh about 1,900 kg and are 3–4 metres long. The record-sized specimen of this rhino was approximately 3,800 kg. The Indian rhino has a single horn that reaches a length of between 20 and 100 cm. Its size is comparable to that of the white rhino in Africa.

Two-thirds of the world's Indian rhinoceroses are now confined to the Kaziranga National Park situated in the Golaghat district of Assam, India.[15]

Javan rhinoceros

Main article: Javan rhinoceros

The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the rarest and most endangered large mammals anywhere in the world.[16] According to 2002 estimates, only about 60 remain, in Java (Indonesia) and Vietnam. Of all the rhino species, the least is known of the Javan Rhino. These animals prefer dense lowland rain forest, tall grass and reed beds that are plentiful with large floodplains and mud wallows. Though once widespread throughout Asia, by the 1930s the rhinoceros was nearly hunted to extinction in India, Burma, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra for the supposed medical powers of its horn and blood. As of 2009, there are only 40 of them remaining in Ujung Kulon Conservation, Java, Indonesia. The last rhinoceros in Vietnam was reportedly killed in 2010.[17]

Like the closely related, and larger, Indian rhinoceros, the Javan rhinoceros has a single horn. Its hairless, hazy gray skin falls into folds into the shoulder, back, and rump giving it an armored-like appearance. The Javan rhino's body length reaches up to 3.1–3.2 m (10–10 ft), including its head and a height of 1.5–1.7 m (4 ft 10 in–5 ft 7 in) tall. Adults are variously reported to weigh between 900–1,400 kg[18] or 1,360–2,000 kg.[19] Male horns can reach 26 cm in length, while in females they are knobs or are not present at all.[19]

Sumatran rhinoceros

Main article: Sumatran rhinoceros

The Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is the smallest extant rhinoceros species, as well as the one with the most hair. It can be found at very high altitudes in Borneo and Sumatra. Due to habitat loss and poaching, its numbers have declined and it is the most threatened rhinoceros. About 275 Sumatran rhinos are believed to remain.

A mature Sumatran rhino typically stands about 130 cm (51 in) high at the shoulder, with a body length of 240–315 cm (94–124 in) and weighing around 700 kg (1,500 lb), though the largest individuals have been known to weigh as much as 1,000 kilograms. Like the African species, it has two horns; the larger is the front (25–79 cm), with the smaller usually less than 10 cm long. The males have much larger horns than the females. Hair can range from dense (the densest hair in young calves) to scarce. The color of these rhinos is reddish brown. The body is short and has stubby legs. They also have a prehensile lip.

Rhinocerotoids diverged from other perissodactyls by the early Eocene. Fossils of Hyrachyus eximus found in North America date to this period. This small hornless ancestor resembled a tapir or small horse more than a rhino. Three families, sometimes grouped together as the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea, evolved in the late Eocene: Hyracodontidae, Amynodontidae and Rhinocerotidae.

Hyracodontidae, also known as 'running rhinos', showed adaptations for speed, and would have looked more like horses than modern rhinos. The smallest hyracodontids were dog-sized; the largest was Indricotherium, believed to be one of the largest land mammals that ever existed. The hornless Indricotherium was almost seven metres high, ten metres long, and weighed as much as 15 tons. Like a giraffe, it ate leaves from trees. The hyracodontids spread across Eurasia from the mid-Eocene to early Miocene.

The Amynodontidae, also known as "aquatic rhinos", dispersed across North America and Eurasia, from the late Eocene to early Oligocene. The amynodontids were hippopotamus-like in their ecology and appearance, inhabiting rivers and lakes, and sharing many of the same adaptations to aquatic life as hippos.

The family of all modern rhinoceros, the Rhinocerotidae, first appeared in the Late Eocene in Eurasia. The earliest members of Rhinocerotidae were small and numerous; at least 26 genera lived in Eurasia and North America until a wave of extinctions in the middle Oligocene wiped out most of the smaller species. However, several independent lineages survived. Menoceras, a pig-sized rhinoceros, had two horns side-by-side. The North American Teleoceras had short legs, a barrel chest and lived until about 5 million years ago. The last rhinos in the Americas became extinct during the Pliocene.

Modern rhinos are believed to have began dispersal from Asia during the Miocene. Two species survived the most recent period of glaciation and inhabited Europe as recently as 10,000 years ago: the woolly rhinoceros and Elasmotherium. The woolly rhinoceros appeared in China around 1 million years ago and first arrived in Europe around 600,000 years ago. It reappeared 200,000 years ago, alongside the woolly mammoth, and became numerous. Eventually it was hunted to extinction by early humans. Elasmotherium, also known as the giant rhinoceros, survived through the middle Pleistocene: it was two meters tall, five meters long and weighed around five tons, with a single enormous horn, hypsodont teeth and long legs for running.

Of the extant rhinoceros species, the Sumatran rhino is the most archaic, first emerging more than 15 million years ago. The Sumatran rhino was closely related to the woolly rhinoceros, but not to the other modern species. The Indian rhino and Javan rhino are closely related and form a more recent lineage of Asian rhino. The ancestors of early Indian and Javan rhino diverged 2–4 million years ago.[21]

The origin of the two living African rhinos can be traced back to the late Miocene (6 mya) species Ceratotherium neumayri. The lineages containing the living species diverged by the early Pliocene (1.5 mya), when Diceros praecox, the likely ancestor of the black rhinoceros, appears in the fossil record.[22] The black and white rhinoceros remain so closely related that they can still mate and successfully produce offspring.

 

Family Rhinocerotidae[23]

Subfamily Rhinocerotinae

Tribe Aceratheriini

†Aceratherium lived from 33.9—3.4 Ma

†Acerorhinus 13.6—7.0 Ma

†Alicornops 13.7—5.33 Ma

†Aphelops 20.430—5.330 Ma

†Chilotheridium 23.03—11.610 Ma

†Chilotherium 13.7—3.4 Ma

†Dromoceratherium 15.97—7.25 Ma

†Floridaceras 20.43—16.3 Ma

†Hoploaceratherium 16.9—16.0 Ma

†Mesaceratherium

†Peraceras 20.6—10.3 Ma

†Plesiaceratherium 20.0—11.6 Ma

†Proaceratherium 16.9—16.0 Ma

†Sinorhinus

†Subchilotherium

Tribe Teleoceratini

†Aprotodon 28.4—5.330 Ma

†Brachydiceratherium

†Brachypodella

†Brachypotherium 20.0—5.33 Ma

†Diaceratherium 28.4—16.0 Ma

†Prosantorhinus 16.9—7.25 Ma

†Shennongtherium

†Teleoceras 16.9—4.9 Ma

Tribe Rhinocerotini 40.4—11.1 Ma—Present

†Gaindatherium 11.61—11.1 Ma

Subtribe Rhinocerotina 17.5 Ma—Present[24]

†Rusingaceros 17.5 Ma

Rhinoceros – Indian & Javan rhinoceros

Tribe Dicerorhinini

†Coelodonta – Woolly rhinoceros

Dicerorhinus – Sumatran rhinoceros

†Dihoplus 11.610—1.810 Ma

†Lartetotherium 15.97—8.7 Ma

†Stephanorhinus 9.7—0.126 Ma – Merck´s rhinoceros & Narrow-nosed rhinoceros

Tribe Dicerotini 23.03—Present

Ceratotherium – White rhinoceros 7.250—Present

Diceros – Black rhinoceros 23.03—Present

†Paradiceros 15.97—11.61 Ma

Subfamily Elasmotheriinae

†Gulfoceras 23.030—20.430 Ma

†Victoriaceros[25] 15 Ma

Tribe Diceratheriini

†Diceratherium 33.9—11.610 Ma

†Subhyracodon 38.0—26.3 Ma

Tribe Elasmotheriini 20.0—0.126 Ma

†Bugtirhinus 20.0—16.9 Ma

†Caementodon

†Elasmotherium – Giant rhinoceros 3.6—0.126 Ma

†Hispanotherium synonymized with Huaqingtherium 16.0—7.250 Ma

†Iranotherium

†Kenyatherium

†Meninatherium

†Menoceras 23.03—16.3 Ma

†Ougandatherium 20.0—16.9 Ma

†Parelasmotherium

†Procoelodonta

†Sinotherium 9.0—5.3 Ma

PREDATORS

In the wild, adult rhinoceros have few natural predators other than humans. Young rhinos can fall prey to predators such as big cats, crocodiles, wild dogs, and hyenas. Although rhinos are of a large size and have a reputation for being tough, they are actually very easily poached; because it visits water holes daily, the rhinoceros is easily killed while taking a drink. As of December 2009 poaching has been on a global increase whilst efforts to protect the rhinoceros are considered increasingly ineffective. The worst estimate, that only 3% of poachers are successfully countered, is reported of Zimbabwe. Rhino horn is considered to be particularly effective on fevers and even "life saving" by traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, which in turn provides a sales market. Nepal is apparently alone in avoiding the crisis while poacher-hunters grow ever more sophisticated.[26] South African officials are calling for urgent action against rhinoceros poaching after poachers killed the last female rhinoceros in the Krugersdorp Game Reserve near Johannesburg.[27] Statistics from South African National Parks show a record 333 rhinoceros have been killed in 2010.[28]

Horns

 

Rhinoceros horns, unlike those of other horned mammals (which have a bony core), only consist of keratin. Rhinoceros horns are used in traditional Asian medicine, and for dagger handles in Yemen and Oman. Esmond Bradley Martin has reported on the trade for dagger handles in Yemen.[29]

One repeated misconception is that rhinoceros horn in powdered form is used as an aphrodisiac in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici It is, in fact, prescribed for fevers and convulsions.[30] Neither have been proven by evidence-based medicine. Discussions with TCM practitioners to reduce its use have met with mixed results since some TCM doctors see rhinoceros horn as a life-saving medicine of better quality than substitutes.[31] China has signed the CITES treaty however, and removed rhinoceros horn from the Chinese medicine pharmacopeia, administered by the Ministry of Health, in 1993. In 2011 in the United Kingdom, the Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine issued a formal statement condemning the use of rhinoceros horn.[32] A growing number of TCM educators have also spoken out against the practice.[33] To prevent poaching, in certain areas, rhinos have been tranquilized and their horns removed. Armed park rangers, particularly in South Africa, are also working on the front lines to combat poaching, sometimes killing poachers who are caught in the act. A recent spike in rhino killings has made conservationaists concerned about the future of rhino species. During 2011 448 rhino were killed for their horn in South Africa alone.[34] The horn is incredibly valuable: an average sized horn can bring in much as a quarter of a million dollars in Vietnam and many rhino range States have stockpiles of rhino horn.[35][36] Still, poaching is hitting record levels due to demands from China and Vietnam.[37]

Historical representations

 

Albrecht Dürer created a famous woodcut of a rhinoceros in 1515, based on a written description and brief sketch by an unknown artist of an Indian rhinoceros that had arrived in Lisbon earlier that year. Dürer never saw the animal itself and, as a result, Dürer's Rhinoceros is a somewhat inaccurate depiction.

There are legends about rhinoceros stamping out fire in Malaysia, India, and Burma. The mythical rhinoceros has a special name in Malay, badak api, where badak means rhinoceros and api means fire. The animal would come when a fire is lit in the forest and stamp it out.[38] There are no recent confirmations of this phenomenon. However, this legend has been reinforced by the film The Gods Must Be Crazy, where an African rhinoceros is shown to be putting out two campfires.

Conservation

International Rhino Foundation

Save the Rhino

Nicolaas Jan van Strien

Individual rhinoceroses

Abada

Clara

Rhinoceros of Versailles

See also: Fictional Rhinoceroses

Other

Rhinoceroses in ancient China

A wine vessel in the form of a bronze rhinoceros with silver inlay, from the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) period of China, sporting a saddle on its back

A rhinoceros depicted on a Roman mosaic in Villa Romana del Casale, an archeological site near Piazza Armerina in Sicily, Italy

Dürer's Rhinoceros, in a woodcut from 1515

Monk with rhinoceros horn. Samye, Tibet, 1938.

Indricotherium, the extinct "giant giraffe" rhinoceros. It stood 18 feet tall at the shoulder and weighed up to 20 tonnes (22 short tons).

Coelodonta, the extinct woolly rhinoceros

The thick dermal armour of the Rhinoceros evolved at the same time as shearing tusks[20]

The Sumatran rhinoceros is the smallest of the rhino species

Smaller in size than the Indian rhinoceros, the Javan rhinoceros also have a single horn

The Indian rhinoceros has a single horn

The black rhinoceros has a beak shaped lip and is similar in color to the white rhinoceros

The white rhinoceros is actually grey

Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) at the Saint Louis Zoo

Scientific classification

Kingdom:Animalia

Phylum:Chordata

Class:Mammalia

Infraclass:Eutheria

Order:Perissodactyla

Suborder:Ceratomorpha

Superfamily:Rhinocerotoidea

Family:Rhinocerotidae

Gray, 1820

Extant Genera

Ceratotherium

Dicerorhinus

Diceros

Rhinoceros

Extinct genera, see text

 

NEW DELHI: A total of 631 animals, including 19 rhinos, died in the recent floods in Kaziranga National Park of Assam, the Rajya Sabha was informed today.

 

In a written reply to the House, forest and environment minister Jayanthi Natarajan also said that flood is a natural and recurring phenomenon in Kaziranga and it creates a variety of habitats for different species.

 

"Mortality of wild animals due to flood has been reported during the year only in Kaziranga Tiger Reserve. As reported by the state, a total of 631 animal deaths, including 19 rhinos, have occurred in Kaziranga due to excess water brought by the flood during June-July 2012," she said.

 

She also informed the House that the flooding results in damage to infrastructure such as roads, anti-poaching camps, artificial high grounds.

 

"Similar high floods of 1988 and 1998 recorded animal mortality of 1203 and 652 respectively," Natarajan said.

 

Replying to a separate question on tiger deaths reported in Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, she said from 2008 till now, there are 19 such incidents of the big cats dying due to natural and other causes.

 

She said only two incidents of poaching were reported from the national park.

 

In reply to another question on Tiger Project, she said, "The country level tiger population, estimated once in every four years using the refined methodology, is 1706."

 

While the lower limit of the tiger population is estimated to be 1520, the upper limit has been fixed at 1909.

 

Providing details of the 'India State Survey of Forest Report 2011', Natarajan told the House that "Forest and tree cover in the country is 78.29 million hectare, which is 23.81 per cent of the total geographical cover. This includes 2.76 per cent of tree cover."

 

On the forest cover in hilly and tribal areas, she said, "In the hill and tribal districts of the country, a decrease in forest dover of 548 sq km and 679 sq km respectively has been reported as compared to the previous assessment."

 

The northeastern states account for one-fourth of the country's forest cover but, "A decline of 549 sq km in forest cover as compared to the previous assessment", she said.

 

Replying to a query on mangrove cover in the country, Natarajan said there has been an increase of 23.34 sq km during the same period.

More expensive than cocaine, rhino horn is now the party drug of choice among Vietnam’s young things.

 

Instead of a razor blade and mirror, a textured ceramic bowl is used for grinding down rhinoceros horn into a powder to be mixed with water or wine.

 

Rhino horn is made of keratin, the same protein as fingernails. Scientists say it has no medicinal value, and users aren’t getting high. The belief in Vietnam is that drinking a tonic made from the horn will detoxify the body after a night of heavy boozing, and prevent a hangover. One Vietnamese news website described rhino horn wine as “the alcoholic drink of millionaires.”

 

This is the latest twist in South Africa’s devastating rhino poaching crisis, which began with a sudden boom in illegal killings of the endangered animal in 2008 and has worsened every year since. Demand among the newly wealthy in Vietnam is the root of the problem, says TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring group.

 

Tom Milliken, a rhino expert with TRAFFIC, said that in Vietnam, offering your friends rhino horn at a party has become a fashionable way to show wealth and status.

 

The way it happens is like this: “I would get my closest friends and we’d go into another room. I would bring out some rhino horn and we’d all take it and then come back to the party,” said Milliken, who studied the phenomenon.

 

A new TRAFFIC report, co-authored by Milliken, details how surging demand for horn in Vietnam, corruption in South Africa’s wildlife industry, loopholes in regulations and criminal networks have all fed into the poaching epidemic.

 

Vietnam’s new rich have become the world’s largest consumer group of rhino horn, spurring demand and the continued slaughter of rhinos in South Africa.

 

Another key group of Vietnamese consumers is people with serious illnesses, in particular cancer, who believe rhino horn can cure them despite the lack of any medical evidence. The TRAFFIC report describes the phenomenon of “rhino horn touts” stalking the corridors at hospitals, seeking out desperate patients with cancer.

 

An update released by South Africa’s Department of Environmental Affairs said that 339 rhino have been killed illegally in the country since the start of 2012, on track to be the worst year for poaching yet. There have also been 192 poaching-related arrests this year.

 

South Africa is the primary target for poachers because it is home to 21,000 rhinos, or more than 80 per cent of the world population.

 

South Africa and Vietnam are beginning to cooperate on the problem, although progress has been slow.

 

Vietnam’s deputy foreign affairs minister Le Loung Minh visited South Africa last week for talks on illegal trade in wildlife with his counterpart Ebrahim Ebrahim. The two governments are set to sign a memorandum of understanding that would encompass cooperation in criminal investigations. But it has taken a year of sporadic talks to reach this point — a sign of the lack of urgent action.

 

“South Africa has progressively scaled up its response to rhino crime,” the report noted, pointing to a plan that is being implemented and the recent increase in “high-value arrests.”

 

South Africa’s environment ministry hired Mavuso Msimang to bring together South Africans in private and public sectors to find the best way to save the rhino.

 

The project involves studying the potential legalising of the rhino horn trade, a contentious issue. “The government has done a good job of putting their effort behind the saving of the rhino,” Msimang said at the launch of the TRAFFIC report. “It’s got shortcomings, coordination is not always great, but the will to do well is with us,” he said.

Every day in South Africa, a rhinoceros will bleed to death after its horn has been hacked off by poachers. The horns are sold on the black market in Asia, mostly in Vietnam, where they’re believed to have powerful medicinal properties. Dutch veterinarian Martine van Zijl Langhout works together with local wardens to try and protect this threatened species.

 

Van Zijll Langhout stalks as quietly as possible through the tall grass at Mauricedale Park in the east of South Africa near the famous Kruger Park. She pulls back the trigger on her special tranquiliser rifle, takes aim and fires. The rhinoceros in her sights wobbles groggily for a few minutes before sinking onto its knees and rolling unconscious onto its side. Van Zijll Langhout and her team, carrying a chainsaw, approach the animal cautiously.

 

Brutal killings

There are some 20,000 rhinos in South Africa, 80 percent of the world population. And every day these animals are slaughtered savagely by poachers. First the rhino is shot to bring it down, and then the horn is hacked off with axes and machetes. The poachers cut as deeply into the animal’s head as possible. Every extra centimetre of horn means more money in their pockets. In 2007, thirteen rhinos in South Africa fell victim to poachers. Last year that number had soared to 448, and the toll so far this year is 312.

 

Reducing risk

Loud snoring can be heard. The vet blindfolds the rhinoceros and then the park manager starts up the chainsaw and proceeds to slice into the beast’s horn. Van Zijll Langhout monitors its breathing: “This is one way to stop the poachers” she explains. “They want as much horn as possible so rhinos with a small horn are a less attractive target”.

 

Van Zijll Langhout came to South Africa in 1997 when she was still a student and worked at Kruger Park with lions, elephants and rhinos. She knew she’d found her dream job, and five years ago she returned as a qualified vet. “It’s an unquenchable passion, such an adventure, and every day is different,” she says, “It’s such a privilege to work with African animals and an honour to be able to do something for them”.

 

No better option

The preventive removal of the rhinoceros’ horn takes about ten minutes. Van Zijll Langhout, an energetic woman in her thirties with wildly curly hair, compares the process to clipping nails or having a haircut: “It’s completely painless; we cut above the blood vessels”. Again she checks the animal’s breathing as its snores echo through the bush. “It’s not nice that we have to do this, but I don’t really see a better option”, she sighs, “and the horn does grow back, otherwise we wouldn’t do it.” The fact that visitors to the park might be disappointed and expect to see rhinos complete with proud curving horns doesn’t bother her: “What matters is the animals’ survival”.

 

Organised crime

The fight against poaching is a difficult one. “These are professional criminals”, explains Van Zijll Langhout. “This isn’t about poor locals living in huts. Poachers have advanced weapons and sometimes even use helicopters.” The horns are worth more than their weight in gold, so it’s a lucrative trade for organised crime syndicates.

 

The horn falls to the ground; the team will preserve it and register it. The rhino is given an injection. Within minutes he’s back on his feet and walking off into the bush. His newly weightless head is no guarantee of safety though. A rhino was poached in the park the same week as the horns were sawn off. Even the stump that remains after the procedure is worth big money.

Both black and white rhinoceroses are actually gray. They are different not in color but in lip shape. The black rhino has a pointed upper lip, while its white relative has a squared lip. The difference in lip shape is related to the animals' diets. Black rhinos are browsers that get most of their sustenance from eating trees and bushes. They use their lips to pluck leaves and fruit from the branches. White rhinos graze on grasses, walking with their enormous heads and squared lips lowered to the ground.

 

White rhinos live on Africa's grassy plains, where they sometimes gather in groups of as many as a dozen individuals. Females reproduce only every two and a half to five years. Their single calf does not live on its own until it is about three years old.

 

Under the hot African sun, white rhinos take cover by lying in the shade. Rhinos are also wallowers. They find a suitable water hole and roll in its mud, coating their skin with a natural bug repellent and sun block.

 

Rhinos have sharp hearing and a keen sense of smell. They may find one another by following the trail of scent each enormous animal leaves behind it on the landscape.

 

White rhinos have two horns, the foremost more prominent than the other. Rhino horns grow as much as three inches (eight centimeters) a year, and have been known to grow up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) long. Females use their horns to protect their young, while males use them to battle attackers.

 

The prominent horn for which rhinos are so well known has been their downfall. Many animals have been killed for this hard, hair-like growth, which is revered for medicinal use in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The horn is also valued in North Africa and the Middle East as an ornamental dagger handle.

 

The white rhino once roamed much of sub-Saharan Africa, but today is on the verge of extinction due to poaching fueled by these commercial uses. Only about 11,000 white rhinos survive in the wild, and many organizations are working to protect this much loved animal.Fast Facts

 

Type:

Mammal

Diet:

Herbivore

Size:

Head and body, 11 to 13.75 ft (3.4 to 4.2 m); tail, 20 to 27.5 in (50 to 70 cm)

Weight:

3,168 to 7,920 lbs (1,440 to 3,600 kg)

Protection status:

Endangered

Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man:

Both black and white rhinoceroses are actually gray. They are different not in color but in lip shape. The black rhino has a pointed upper lip, while its white relative has a squared lip. The difference in lip shape is related to the animals' diets. Black rhinos are browsers that get most of their sustenance from eating trees and bushes. They use their lips to pluck leaves and fruit from the branches. White rhinos graze on grasses, walking with their enormous heads and squared lips lowered to the ground.

 

Except for females and their offspring, black rhinos are solitary. Females reproduce only every two and a half to five years. Their single calf does not live on its own until it is about three years old.

 

Black rhinos feed at night and during the gloaming hours of dawn and dusk. Under the hot African sun, they take cover by lying in the shade. Rhinos are also wallowers. They often find a suitable water hole and roll in its mud, coating their skin with a natural bug repellent and sun block.

 

Rhinos have sharp hearing and a keen sense of smell. They may find one another by following the trail of scent each enormous animal leaves behind it on the landscape.

 

Black rhinos boast two horns, the foremost more prominent than the other. Rhino horns grow as much as three inches (eight centimeters) a year, and have been known to grow up to five feet (one and a half meters) long. Females use their horns to protect their young, while males use them to battle attackers.

 

The prominent horn for which rhinos are so well known has also been their downfall. Many animals have been killed for the hard, hairlike growth, which is revered for medicinal uses in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The horn is also valued in North Africa and the Middle East as an ornamental dagger handle.

 

The black rhino once roamed most of sub-Saharan Africa, but today is on the verge of extinction due to poaching fueled by commercial demand.

The rifle shot boomed through the darkening forest just as Damien Mander arrived at his campfire after a long day training game ranger recruits in western Zimbabwe's Nakavango game reserve. His thoughts flew to Basta, a pregnant black rhinoceros, and her two-year-old calf. That afternoon one of his rangers had discovered human footprints following the pair's tracks as Basta sought cover in deep bush to deliver the newest member of her threatened species.

 

Damien, a hard-muscled former Australian Special Forces sniper with an imposing menagerie of tattoos, including "Seek & Destroy" in gothic lettering across his chest, swiveled his head, trying to place the direction of the shot. "There, near the eastern boundary," he pointed into the blackness. "Sounded like a .223," he said, identifying the position and caliber, a habit left over from 12 tours in Iraq. He and his rangers grabbed shotguns, radios, and medical kits and piled into two Land Cruisers. They roared into the night, hoping to cut off the shooter. The rangers rolled down their windows and listened for a second shot, which would likely signal Basta's calf was taken as well.

 

It was an ideal poacher's setup: half-moon, almost no wind. The human tracks were especially ominous. Poaching crews often pay trackers to find the rhinos, follow them until dusk, then radio their position to a shooter with a high-powered rifle. After the animal is down, the two horns on its snout are hacked off in minutes, and the massive carcass is left to hyenas and vultures. Nearly always the horns are fenced to an Asian buyer; an enterprising crew might also cut out Basta's fetus and the eyes of the mother and calf to sell to black magic or muti practitioners. If this gang was well organized, a group of heavily armed men would be covering the escape route, ready to ambush the rangers.

 

As the Land Cruiser bucked over rutted tracks, Damien did a quick calculation—between his vehicles he had two antiquated shotguns with about a dozen shells. Based on the sound of the shot, the poachers held an advantage in firepower. If the rangers did pick up a trail and followed on foot, they would have to contend with lions, leopards, and hyenas out hunting in the dark.

 

In the backseat of one of the speeding Land Cruisers, Benzene, a Zimbabwean ranger who had spent nearly a year watching over Basta and her calf and knew the pair intimately, loaded three shells into his shotgun, flicked on the safety, and chambered a round. As we bounced into the night, he said, "It is better for the poachers if they meet a lion than if they meet us."

 

AND SO GOES A NIGHT on the front lines of southern Africa's ruthless and murky rhino war, which since 2006 has seen more than a thousand rhinos slaughtered, some 22 poachers gunned down and more than 200 arrested last year in South Africa alone. At the bloody heart of this conflict is the rhino's horn, a prized ingredient in traditional Asian medicines. Though black market prices vary widely, as of last fall dealers in Vietnam quoted prices ranging from $33 to $133 a gram, which at the top end is double the price of gold and can exceed the price of cocaine.

 

Although the range of the two African species—the white rhino and its smaller cousin, the black rhino—has been reduced primarily to southern Africa and Kenya, their populations had shown encouraging improvement. In 2007 white rhinos numbered 17,470, while blacks had nearly doubled to 4,230 since the mid '90s.

 

For conservationists these numbers represented a triumph. In the 1970s and '80s, poaching had devastated the two species. Then China banned rhino horn from traditional medicine, and Yemen forbade its use for ceremonial dagger handles. All signs seemed to point to better days. But in 2008 the number of poached rhinos in South Africa shot up to 83, from just 13 in 2007. By 2010 the figure had soared to 333, followed by over 400 last year. Traffic, a wildlife trade monitoring network, found most of the horn trade now leads to Vietnam, a shift that coincided with a swell of rumors that a high-ranking Vietnamese official used rhino horn to cure his cancer.

 

Meanwhile in South Africa, attracted by spiraling prices—and profits—crime syndicates began adding rhino poaching to their portfolios.

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Methodology: Today on a lark, I went out photographing taking only my old 6mp Nikon D100. Wanted to see if it could still make some good photographs. The experiment produced very mixed results. When you get to the point of relying on advanced AE and AF features, their absence makes a big difference.

 

This one turned out to be one of the better results.

 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nikon D100. Nikkor 105mm VR Micro lens. Kenko 2X Teleconverter. 1/500th @ f/11. ISO 200. WB = auto. EV = 0. 9 point AF. Photographed June 29, 2010 at the Alliant / Cedar Lake Lagoon.

In February 2007, to celebrate their 150th anniversary, the American Insitute of Architects (AIA) named their America's Favorite Architecture list. For details about the methodology, see the topic posting, Methodology. For more information, see the AIA 150 website

 

# 1: Empire State Building - New York City (William Lamb, Shreve, Lamb & Harmon)

# 2: The White House - Washington, D.C. (James Hoban)

# 3: Washington National Cathedral - Washington, D.C. (George F. Bodley and Henry Vaughan, FAIA)

# 4: Thomas Jefferson Memorial - Washington D.C. (John Russell Pope, FAIA)

# 5: Golden Gate Bridge - San Francisco (Irving F. Morrow and Gertrude C. Morrow)

# 6: U.S. Capitol - Washington, D.C. (William Thornton, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Charles Bulfinch, Thomas U. Walter FAIA, Montgomery C. Meigs)

# 7: Lincoln Memorial - Washington, D.C. (Henry Bacon, FAIA)

# 8: Biltmore Estate (Vanderbilt Residence) - Asheville, NC (Richard Morris Hunt, FAIA)

# 9: Chrysler Building - New York City (William Van Alen, FAIA)

# 10: Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Washington, D.C. (Maya Lin with Cooper-Lecky Partnership)

# 11: St. Patrick’s Cathedral - New York City (James Renwick, FAIA)

# 12: Washington Monument - Washington, D.C. (Robert Mills)

# 13: Grand Central Station - New York City (Reed and Stern; Warren and Wetmore)

# 14: The Gateway Arch - St. Louis (Eero Saarinen, FAIA)

# 15: Supreme Court of the United States - Washington, D.C. (Cass Gilbert, FAIA)

# 16: St. Regis Hotel - New York City (Trowbridge & Livingston)

# 17: Metropolitan Museum of Art - New York City (Calvert Vaux, FAIA; McKim, Mead & White; Richard Morris Hunt, FAIA; Kevin Roche, FAIA; John Dinkeloo, FAIA)

# 18: Hotel Del Coronado - San Diego (James Reid, FAIA)

# 19: World Trade Center - New York City (Minoru Yamasaki, FAIA; Antonio Brittiochi; Emery Roth & Sons)

# 20: Brooklyn Bridge - New York City (John Augustus Roebling)

# 21: Philadelphia City Hall - Philadelphia (John McArthur Jr., FAIA)

# 22: Bellagio Hotel and Casino - Las Vegas (Deruyter Butler; Atlandia Design)

# 23: Cathedral of St. John the Divine - New York City (Heins & La Farge; Ralph Adams Cram)

# 24: Philadelphia Museum of Art - Philadelphia (Horace Trumbauer, Zantzinger, Borie, and Medary)

# 25: Trinity Church - Boston (Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA)

# 26: Ahwahnee Hotel - Yosemite Valley, CA (Gilbert Stanley Underwood)

# 27: Monticello - Charlottesville, VA (Thomas Jefferson)

# 28: Library of Congress - Washington, D.C. (John L. Smithmeyer, FAIA and Paul J. Pelz, FAIA)

# 29: Kaufmann Residence (Fallingwater) - Bear Run, PA (Frank Lloyd Wright)

# 30: Taliesin - Spring Green, WI (Frank Lloyd Wright)

# 31: Wrigley Field - Chicago (Zachary Taylor Davis)

# 32: Wanamaker’s Department Store - Philadelphia (Daniel Burnham, FAIA)

# 33: Rose Center for Earth and Space - New York City (James Stewart Polshek, FAIA)

# 34: National Gallery of Art, West Building - Washington, D.C. (John Russell Pope, FAIA)

# 35: Allegheny County Courthouse - Pittsburgh (Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA)

# 36: Old Faithful Inn - Yellowstone National Park, WY (Robert Reamer)

# 37: Union Station - Washington, D.C. (Daniel Burnham, FAIA)

# 38: Tribune Tower - Chicago (Howells & Hood)

# 39: Delano Hotel - Miami Beach (Robert Swartburg; Philippe Starck (interior))

# 40: Union Station - St. Louis (Theodore C. Link, FAIA)

# 41: Hearst Residence (Hearst Castle) - San Simeon, CA (Julia Morgan)

# 42: Sears Tower - Chicago (Bruce Graham, FAIA, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

# 43: Crane Library - Quincy, MA (Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA)

# 44: Woolworth Building - New York City (Cass Gilbert, FAIA)

# 45: Cincinnati Union Terminal - Cincinnati (Alfred Fellheimer, FAIA and Stewart Wagner, FAIA; Paul Philippe Cret,consulting architect)

# 46: Waldorf Astoria - New York City (Schultze & Weaver)

# 47: New York Public Library - New York City (Carrère & Hastings)

# 48: Carnegie Hall - New York City (William B. Tuthill, FAIA; Richard Morris Hunt, FAIA and Dankmar Adler, FAIA, consulting architects)

# 49: San Francisco City Hall - San Francisco (Arthur Brown Jr., FAIA)

# 50: Virginia State Capitol - Richmond, VA (Thomas Jefferson)

# 51: Cadet Chapel, Air Force Academy - Colorado Springs, CO (Walter Netsch, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

# 52: Field Museum of Natural History - Chicago (Charles B. Atwood, D. H. Burnham & Co.)

# 53: Apple Store Fifth Avenue - New York City (Bohlin Cywinski Jackson)

# 54: Fisher Fine Arts Library, University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia (Frank Furness, FAIA)

# 55: Mauna Kea Beach Hotel - Kohala Coast, HI (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

# 56: Rockefeller Center - New York City (Raymond Hood et al., FAIA)

# 57: Denver International Airport - Denver (Fentress Bradburn Architects)

# 58: Ames Library - North Easton, MA (Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA)

# 59: Milwaukee Art Museum - Milwaukee (Santiago Calatrava, FAIA)

# 60: Thorncrown Chapel - Eureka Springs, AK (E. Fay Jones, FAIA)

# 61: TransAmerica Pyramid - San Francisco (William Pereira, FAIA)

# 62: 333 Wacker Drive - Chicago (William E. Pedersen, FAIA, Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates)

# 63: National Museum of Air and Space - Washington, D.C. (Gyo Obata, FAIA, Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum)

# 64: Faneuil Hall Marketplace - Boston (Benjamin Thompson, FAIA)

# 65: Crystal Cathedral - Garden Grove, CA (Philip Johnson, FAIA, Johnson/Burgee)

# 66: Gamble House - Pasadena, CA (Greene and Greene)

# 67: Nebraska State Capital - Lincoln, NE (Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue)

# 68: New York Times Building - New York City (Renzo Piano, Hon. FAIA)

# 69: Salt Lake City Public Library - Salt Lake City (Moshe Safdie, FAIA; VCBO Architecture Associates)

# 70: Dolphin and Swan Hotels, Walt Disney World - Orlando, FL (Michael Graves, FAIA)

# 71: Hearst Tower - New York City (George P. Post & Sons; addition Foster + Partners)

# 72: Flatiron Building (Fuller Building) - New York City (Daniel Burnham, FAIA)

# 73: Lake Point Tower - Chicago (Schipporeit-Heinrich; Graham, Anderson, Probst & White)

# 74: Guggenheim Museum - New York City (Frank Lloyd Wright)

# 75: Union Station - Los Angeles (John Parkinson and Donald B. Parkinson)

# 76: Willard Hotel - Washington, D.C. (Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, FAIA)

# 77: Sever Hall, Harvard University - Cambridge, MA (Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA)

# 78: Broadmoor Hotel - Colorado Springs, CO (Warren & Wetmore)

# 79: Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center - Washington, D.C. (Pei Cobb Freed & Partners)

# 80: Phillips Exeter Academy Library - Exeter, NH (Louis I. Kahn, FAIA)

# 81: The Plaza Hotel - New York City (Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, FAIA)

# 82: Sofitel Chicago Water Tower - Chicago (Jean-Paul Viguier, Hon. FAIA)

# 83: Glessner House - Chicago (Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA)

# 84: Yankee Stadium - New York City (Osborn Architects & Engineers)

# 85: Harold Washington Library Center - Chicago (Hammond, Beeby & Babka)

# 86: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts - New York City (Wallace K. Harrison, FAIA, director, board of architects)

# 87: The Dakota Apartments - New York City (Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, FAIA)

# 88: Art Institute of Chicago - Chicago (Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge)

# 89: Fairmont Hotel - San Francisco (Reid & Reid; Julia Morgan)

# 90: Boston Public Library - Boston (McKim, Mead & White)

# 91: Hollywood Bowl - Hollywood (Lloyd Wright; Allied Architects; Frank Gehry; Hodgetts + Fung Design Associates with Gruen Associates)

# 92: Texas State Capitol - Austin (Elijah E. Myers)

# 93: Fontainebleau - Miami Beach (Morris Lapidus)

# 94: Legal Research Building, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI (York & Sawyer; Gunnar Birkerts (addition))

# 95: J. Paul Getty Center for the Arts - Los Angeles (Richard Meier, FAIA)

# 96: High Museum - Atlanta (Richard Meier, FAIA)

# 97: Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse - Islip, NY (Richard Meier, FAIA)

# 98: Humana Building - Louisville, KY (Michael Graves, FAIA)

# 99: Walt Disney Concert Hall - Los Angeles (Frank Gehry, FAIA)

#100: Radio City Music Hall - New York City (Edward Durell Stone, FAIA)

#101: Paul Brown Stadium - Cincinnati (NBBJ)

#102: United Airlines Terminal, O’Hare - Chicago (Helmut Jahn, FAIA, Murphy/Jahn)

#103: Hyatt Regency Atlanta - Atlanta (John Portman, FAIA)

#104: AT&T Park (San Francisco Giants Stadium) - San Francisco (Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum)

#105: Time Warner Center - New York City (David Childs, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

#106: Washington, D.C., Metro - Washington, D.C. (Harry Weese, FAIA)

#107: IDS Center - Minneapolis (Philip Johnson, FAIA, Johnson/Burgee)

#108: Seattle Public Library - Seattle (Rem Koolhaas, Office for Metropolitan Architecture)

#109: Museum of Modern Art - San Francisco (Mario Botta, Hon. FAIA)

#110: Union Station - Chicago (Daniel Burnham, Graham, Anderson, Probst & White)

#111: United Nations Headquarters - New York City (International Committee of Architects, Wallace K. Harrison, chairman; Oscar Niemeyer; Le Corbusier)

#112: National Building Museum (Pension Building) - Washington, D.C. (Montgomery C. Meigs)

#113: Fenway Park - Boston (Osborn Architects & Engineers)

#114: Dana Thomas House - Springfield, IL (Frank Lloyd Wright)

#115: TWA Terminal, Kennedy Airport - New York City (Eero Saarinen, FAIA)

#116: The Athenaeum - New Harmony, IN (Richard Meier, FAIA)

#117: Walker Art Center - Minneapolis (Herzog & de Meuron)

#118: American Airlines Center - Dallas (David M. Schwarz, FAIA; Architectural Services; HKS)

#119: Arizona Biltmore Resort and Spa - Phoenix (Albert Chase McArthur)

#120: Los Angeles Central Library - Los Angeles (Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue)

#121: San Francisco International Terminal - San Francisco (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill; Del Campo & Maru Architects; Michael Willis Architects)

#122: Oriole Park at Camden Yards - Baltimore (Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum)

#123: Taliesin West - Scottsdale, AZ (Frank Lloyd Wright)

#124: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Washington, D.C. (James Ingo Freed, FAIA, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners)

#125: Citicorp Center - New York City (Hugh Stubbins & Associates; Emery Roth & Sons)

#126: V. C. Morris Gift Shop (Xanadu Gallery) - San Francisco (Frank Lloyd Wright)

#127: Union Station - Kansas City, MO (Jarvis Hunt)

#128: Rookery Building - Chicago (Burnham and Root)

#129: Weisman Art Museum - Minneapolis (Frank Gehry, FAIA)

#130: Douglas House - Harbor Springs, MI (Richard Meier, FAIA)

#131: Hollyhock House - Los Angeles (Frank Lloyd Wright)

#132: Pennzoil Place - Houston (Philip Johnson, FAIA; Johnson/Burgee)

#133: Royalton Hotel - New York City (Philippe Starck)

#134: Reliant Astrodome - Houston (Hermon Lloyd, FAIA & W. B. Morgan; Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson)

#135: Safeco Field - Seattle (NBBJ)

#136: Corning Museum of Glass - Corning, NY (Gunnar Birkerts, FAIA)

#137: 30th Street Station - Philadelphia (Graham, Anderson, Probst & White)

#138: Robie House - Chicago (Frank Lloyd Wright)

#139: Williams Tower (Transco Tower) - Houston (Philip Johnson, FAIA, Johnson/Burgee)

#140: Stahl House (Case Study House #22) - Los Angeles (Pierre Koenig)

#141: Apple SoHo - New York City (Bohlin Cywinski Jackson)

#142: John Hancock Towers - Boston (Henry Cobb, FAIA, Pei Cobb Freed)

#143: Pennsylvania Station - New York City (McKim, Mead & White)

#144: Hyatt Regency San Francisco - San Francisco (John Portman, FAIA)

#145: Carson Pirie Scott - Chicago (Louis Sullivan, FAIA)

#146: Museum of Modern Art - New York City (Philip Goodwin, FAIA and Edward Durell Stone, FAIA)

#147: Auditorium Building - Chicago (Adler & Sullivan)

#148: Brown Palace Hotel - Denver, CO (Frank E. Edbrooke)

#149: Ingalls Ice Arena, Yale University - New Haven, CT (Eero Saarinen, FAIA)

#150: Battle Hall, University of Texas - Austin (Cass Gilbert, FAIA)

For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the image below.

 

I took test shots with four M-lenses with a Panasonic S1R: Leica 21mm, 28mm and 50mm Summilux and Zeiss 35mm Distagon ZM, all f/1.4 lenses, all at f/1.4. This is one of the test shots uploaded to Flickr.

 

All these are actual pixels at 100% magnification in Capture One. Most of these zoomed in views are from the corners. The panel on the right shows the stream of shots in full frame, with the current frame highlighted.

 

The in-camera JPEG processing is quite mediocre – it is easy to see posterization effects. But having used other Panasonic Lumix cameras in the past, I have no doubt that the raw files will be far superior.

 

Net-net, I am very impressed with the 35 Distagon and very pleased with how well it works with the Panasonic S1R.

 

For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the top image below.

 

I took test shots with four M-lenses with a Panasonic S1R: Leica 21mm, 28mm and 50mm Summilux and Zeiss 35mm Distagon ZM, all f/1.4 lenses, all at f/1.4. This is one of the test shots uploaded to Flickr.

 

All these are actual pixels at 100% magnification in Capture One. Most of these zoomed in views are from the corners. The panel on the right shows the stream of shots in full frame, with the current frame highlighted.

 

The in-camera JPEG processing is quite mediocre – it is easy to see posterization effects. But having used other Panasonic Lumix cameras in the past, I have no doubt that the raw files will be far superior.

 

For this shot, I realized later that I had the camera at an odd angle, and not quite square with the model. So her head is slightly skewed, but the goal with this was to see the corner sharpness.

 

This is very impressive! I don't think the designers of this lens ever had a chance to test it on a whopping 47 MP sensor! The most they would have tested it on would have been 24 MP. My guess is, the designers of this lens must have felt very pleased with themselves when they first saw 47MP images from this lens.

 

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@ jiang hu pub 江湖酒吧, beijing 北京, china 中国

Each coloured post-it belongs to a different person in the family.

 

Column 1 - 'List' - items that is to be done (also called the backlog)

Column 2 - 'Doing' - items of things to do that are now being done, not yet complete

Column 3 - 'Done' - the items that are done/complete.

 

At the end of the week when we discuss our Kanban we remove these items and add new ones to the 'List' column for the following week.

 

'Rules':

1. Items cannot be moved in reverse

2. Items are stuck on the board in order of priority - most important near the top

3. Only the person owning the item can stick the post-it on the board

4. Only the person owning the item can move the item to the right and remove it from the Kanban

5. Where possible each member of the family meet at the board to discuss their items, how there're progressing and add/move any items around the board.

200 Hour yoga teacher training course in Rishikesh India is taught by an experienced and best-certified yoga teachers team from Rishikesh, who provide personalized attention to each student. The curriculum includes in-depth knowledge of traditional Hatha yoga and Ashtanga vinyasa yoga, asana body alignment and adjustment techniques, yogic anatomy and physiology, yoga philosophy, teaching methodology, mantra, pranayama, and ethics for yoga teachers.

 

In addition, the course offers training in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, which helps students understand the relationship between yoga and Ayurveda, and how to use Ayurvedic principles to create personalized yoga practices for their students.

 

The course duration of 200-hour yoga teacher training at Yoga Om Shanti Om Yoga Ashram is typically 25 days. Upon completion of the course, students will receive a 200-hour Yoga Alliance certification, which enables the glorious opportunity to register as registered themself to become RYT-200 and be able to teach yoga worldwide.

 

The course has multiple aims and objectives, which include:

 

» Develop a daily practice of kriyas, asanas, pranayama, bandha, mudras, and dhyana.

» Delve deeper into Yoga Anatomy and Physiology.

» Introduction to Structural Yoga Therapy.

» Study philosophy from the classical treatises of Yoga (Bhagavad Gita, Patanjali Yoga Sutras, Hathayoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita, and the Upanishads).

» Introduction to Ayurveda and Marma Points.

» Design and teach a 90-minute asana class to your peers which incorporates these components.

» Plan and teach a 30-minute presentation to your peers regarding yoga-related topics (i.e., Yoga Nidra, Ayurveda, yogic diet, anatomy, physiology, chakras, philosophy, mudras, Mantra Chanting & Keertan, etc.)

»To provide a comprehensive understanding of yoga philosophy, including the history, theory, and concepts of yoga.

To teach students the techniques and principles of Hatha and Ashtanga yoga, including asanas, pranayama, meditation, and relaxation techniques.

»To provide knowledge of human anatomy and physiology as it pertains to yoga practice, including common injuries and how to avoid them.

»To teach students the principles of alignment and adjustment, including how to modify yoga poses to meet the individual needs of students.

»To provide training in teaching methodology, including sequencing, class planning, and teaching techniques.

»To teach students the importance of ethical behavior and professionalism in the field of yoga teaching.

»To provide training in Ayurveda, including the principles of Ayurvedic medicine and how it relates to yoga practice.

»To provide a safe and supportive learning environment for students to deepen their own yoga practice and gain confidence in teaching others.

»To prepare students to become certified yoga teachers through the Yoga Alliance, enabling them to teach yoga worldwide.

»To make you a proficient and confident yoga teacher, under the guidelines of Yoga Alliance, USA.

 

WHAT DO THE COURSE FEES INCLUDE?

» Daily nutritious vegetarian meals, detox juices, and teas

» Weekend excursions

» yoga material ( books, yoga t-shirts, ayurvedic body massage, etc)

» One the Himalayas sightseeing trip

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Disclaimer: I am someone who enjoys photography, not a professional photographic scientist, to whom some of my methodology would make cringe. However, these findings are good enough to be illuminating to me and others interested in the performance of the Pentacon Six Carl Zeiss Jena Sonnar 180mm f/2.8 and the Arsat 2X K-6B Teleconverter.

 

Canon EOS Elan 7E. Evaluative metering with +2 stops exposure compensation, tripod, MLU, 10 second timer. Pentacon Six to EOS glassless adapter. Test target shot near minimum focus distance of 1.7 meters without teleconverter, and roughly double that with teleconverter.

 

Frame Aperture Shutter Speed

22 TC f/2.8 1/30

23 TC f/4 1/15

24 TC f/5.6 1/8

25 TC f/8 1/4

26 f/2.8 1/125

27 f/4 1/60

28 f/5.6 1/30

29 f/8 1/15

 

5% added to all LP/MM values due to negatives including 5% extra outside of test chart. Limitation of viewfinder.

 

Kodak Vision 250D film used @400. Cinestill C-41 kit, developer 5 minutes 37C, blix 8 minutes.

 

Note that "True Megapixel" values will seem low because digital cameras don't really resolve true detail between every pixel. In other words you can't shoot 3000 white and 3000 black lines on a digital camera that has 6000 pixels on the long side and be able to tell the lines apart. The megapixel counts of digital cameras are very inflated as far as resolution goes. You need about 3 true megapixels to make a good 9x6 print and about 8 true megapixels to make a good 15x10 print for the purpose of this analysis. Don't try to compare it to the rated pixel counts of digital cameras.

 

Note that LP/MM values are the limits using my particular setup, not necessarily the upper limit of the lens itself.

 

No digital sharpening was applied at any point in these comparisons. You could possibly improve these numbers by adding some, but I just don't like the look of digital sharpening.

 

These results are from the center of the frame, but in my previous testing the Sonnar maintains great resolution right to the edge of a 6x6 frame. The teleconverter only drops in resolution on the extreme edge of a 6x6, the part you might accidentally crop off, so it's pretty good too.

 

Crops shown are the center 4 megapixels of 36-megapixel full frame images. You need to view them at 200% to observe the line pairs.

 

Epson 4490 @2400dpi (increasing beyond this dpi does not improve resolution)

True for all apertures with and without teleconverter.

Adjusted LP/MM: 28

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 2.7

True Megapixels (56x41mm): 7.2

True Megapixels (56x56mm): 9.8

 

Pentax K-1 50mm f/2.8 macro pixel shift digitization results:

 

f/2.8

 

No Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 18.5

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 19.5

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 40

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 43

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 5.9

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 16

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 22

 

With Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 12.5

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 14.5

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 27

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 32

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 3

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 8

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 11

 

Notes: Teleconverter images perfectly usable wide open, if intent on 35mm is prints 10 inches or smaller, or intent on 56mm is prints 16 inches or smaller. For teleconverter, wide open result is same resolution on Epson vs. DSLR digitization and no advantage is gained. Without teleconverter, significant resolution is gained from DSLR digitization.

 

f/4

 

No Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 19.5

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 43

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 44

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 6.5

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 17

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 24

 

With Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 14.5

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 17.5

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 32

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 38

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 4.2

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 11

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 15

 

Notes: Not much difference between f/2.8 and f/4 when no teleconverter is used. Moderate difference when teleconverter used.

 

f/5.6

 

No Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: Over 20

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: Over 20

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: Over 44

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: Over 44

True Megapixels (36x24mm): Over 6.7

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): Over 18

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): Over 24

 

With Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 17

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 37

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 44

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 5.6

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 15

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 20

 

Notes: Highest number of fine lines resolved at f/5.6 with no teleconverter. Beyond the ability of my Pentax K-1 with 50mm macro lens at f/10 and pixel shift to pick up. At f/5.6 with teleconverter, it's about as sharp as f/2.8 without teleconverter.

 

f/8

 

No Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 17

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20+

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 37

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: Over 44

True Megapixels (36x24mm): Over 5.6

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): Over 15

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): Over 20

 

With Teleconverter

Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 14.5

Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20

Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 32

Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 44

True Megapixels (36x24mm): 4.9

True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 13

True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 18

 

Notes: Even though f/8 has slightly less resolution than f/5.6, it appears to make the sharpest image to the human eye, probably from an increase in microcontrast from reduction in ghosting and flaring. Only on this aperture can I clearly see the fine texture of the paper in the black areas on the test target.

 

Conclusion: f/8 makes the image which appears to be most detailed, while f/5.6 contains the highest actual resolution. Wide open is perfectly usable for moderately sized prints. The lens is a little better at resolving vertical lines than horizontal ones. The teleconverter is not a huge disadvantage in resolution for such a good lens. The main disadvantage of the teleconverter is losing 3 stops of shutter speed while handholding. The Pentacon Six 180mm Sonnar is an excellent lens that is sharp enough to use with or without a teleconverter even on 35mm format, and is superb on medium format. If you can manage its weight and slow focusing, it's a more affordable alternative to buying a 200mm f/2.8 35mm lens, or 400mm f/5.6 lens.

  

Cuban amateur boxing system

Foreign influence contributed to the development of Cuban amateur boxing. Before Fidel Castro took power in 1959, Cuba’s achievements in amateur boxing were diminutive. Components of their boxing style were derived from American Professional Boxing. After the Revolution, Eastern European methodology replaced the American influences. Andrei Chervenko of the Soviet Union has trained Teofilo Stevenson and Europe’s Vasili Romanov has trained boxers as well.

The Cuban amateur boxing system along with other sports programs start in grammar schools. Sports are considered a high priority in the Cuban education system and its there a potential athlete can be recognized. From the age of 12, talented youths are sent to specialized schools where they can focus on enhancing their skills. From there the young boxers train throughout a very competitive youth program. The ones that graduate from the program are sent to the top school in Wajay, where they train advanced drills and exercises. The support that the state gives is crucial to the advancement of the highly technical boxing program.

Amateur boxer Teofilo Stevenson who had won three Olympic gold medals in (1972, 1976, and 1980) has made many contributions to Cuba and Cuban boxing. He is equally known for his sportsmanship, receiving the UNESCO Pierre de Coubertin Fair Play prize in 1989. After retiring in boxing in 1986 he has served both in the Cuban parliament and as a vice president of the Cuban Boxing Federation.

After a career of fighting for their country most Cubans continue to stay in the sport, many as administrators or trainers. Through this way the knowledge and experience is passed down to the next generation of athletes. Source: Wikipedia (Please note: given the dates on the footnotes, it is very possible that this information is out of date and needs to be updated.)

  

    

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भारतीयो सुनो ०९४२५६३६४२२ पर फोन करो - तोतो कि कहानी से सीखो,

आर पी होता ही नही हे - बोतल ३२००० मे मेरे पास मिलेगी - इससे पह्ले की लुV जाओ,

ज़िन्दा गान्धी को याद करो, हेल्प लाइन हे – 09926395795, 09425636422

Websites : eicbottle.blogspot.com www.bhatt.ewebsite.com

Videos : www.youtube.com/user/eicbottlewale

G00000gle Search : eicbottlewale (everything, image, video )

I do hereby challenge to all that i am not a chai wala or daruwala but a mechanical engineer having experience of research in foreign countries with a dozen of books written including 90 crore ki barsaat & asimit noto ki dhanwarsha published by Randhir Prakashan, Haridwar, which is standing at the number one position in such kinds of books. Beside a decade of engineer job experience and a doctoral degree in economics sure myself a ZINDA GANDHI. Manufacturing of over thousand of bottles, more than hundred of bottle Factories and patta, cddeshmukh all kind note, neel chemical, 1970 one rupee coin 12 gram weigh and hundreds of such items clearly indicate that kreta to hota hi nahi he. The DEMANDED is UNAVAILABLE & viva verse. Please honor my deep studies otherwise we will destroy our self and my make my mobile number 09425636422-09926395795 an all India helpline for all related matters. I myself Engineer Divesh Bhatt manufactured 52 eic bottles . I have cross Rs. 5, JPTaylorRs.10, PATTAeic1818BASTAR, DRP, NEELfunction chemical, bottle charger, 20, owl, Rs1 of 1964,82 & all including RPLPNMPMMIRROR. Please visit websites download LOK ADALAT in hindi and download video before not to miss call 09425636422 + 09926395795 to be a part of operation save India.

Engineer Divesh Bhatt - 09425636422,09926395795

E-mails - dbdkbhatt39@gmail.com dantewada420@gmail.com

Advocate K.N. Singh - 09425595831,07697128497

Bajrang Baghel - 09424154123,09479024184

Randhir Prakashan,Haridwar - 01334226227,

 

PUBLIC FORUM

All the facts and the truth of this broadcast are purely imaginary and any resemble in any format is an incident.

In public forum today’s victims are the writer of “90 crore ki barsaat” and of “asimit noto ki dhanwarsha published by Randhir Prakashan haridwar. These books created a new stones of the Indian publishing. The writer is a gazette engineer in Public Health Department of Chhattisgarh government but he deals in bottle, coin, antique items and are the activities which are legally prohibited; although his hobbies are to research and to do something new with his research experience in foreign countries. In Public forum it is to charge Shri Divesh Kumar Bhatt as a critical writer.

CRITICAL WRITER

Anchor (1) :- Hellow & hai to everyone watching LOK ADALAT/AAP KI ADALAT?EK MULAKAT live and exclusive on your favourite channel. Today's victim are Shri Divesh Kumar Bhatt , who are supposed to be a critical writer or a fool person to write on foolish matters.

Divesh Bhatt :- Good morning to all the readers/viewers. In my first criticized book ''90 CRORE KI BARSAAT" contents are researchers scholars followed by introduction to the matter. Afterword it contains necessary elements of the research methodology and a description of various coins after the huge part of the survey. The huge includes monkey brand 1818 coin, anna of 1962, gandhian coin, SUN brand 20 paisa, Fish brand one rupee, Dear brand five rupee, Horse brand coin & a lot more collection of notorious coins and a lot of methods to extract SATTA number and unbelievable money rain. The next chapter includes silky world of down birth, miracles of HARJOD, first egg of black hen, Dipped money, tortoise of 20 nails, IMLI KA BANDA, nine point five inches bronze glass, hypnotism by black turmeric, speaking owl, order me god, gold factory, selling of white PALASH, insurance of 90 lake, unlimited money rain am RAM LALU MAMTA formulas of forgery. The last part of the theses contains the truth of the miracles and date wise collection of SATT numbers. In the next part of the complexity included in ''ASIMIT NOTO KI DHANWARSHA'' the matters are the above followed by hippopotamus 50 paisa coin, lion and CHIND quarter Anna, 1939-1964-1970-1982-1994-1995 one rupee, advert VI, Victoria, quarter Anna and much more about duplication and its identification, robbery and retired salesmen of RATION shop, tank drama of RAMPUT villagers and also the rumors of money rain among villagers. Afterword contains are HATTAJODI, SIYARSINGI, VEER NUKH, hen killer BHANWARMALI & GARUD and its testing, egg of owl-peahen and dynosour & charging and roberry through coin, bottle eic 1818, chain link schemes, statute of 8 metals, Lebo, utensils & Patta factory, applications of the advance engineering , robbery in gold through double money in six months and in employment, advertising in news paper of mobile robbery, E robbery, E HAWALA etc. The last part of the thesis contains SATTA numbers concludes that the demanded article is unavailable and the demand of the available goods is nil. The duplicate goods may not be manufactured by myself else otherwise the purchaser is also not available. The existence of the party is also a dream whether charging is neither possible nor chemical exists. There is only robbery and rumors including magnet and window. Perhaps it is a way to destroy India completely via diversion of labors into nonprofit activities. Excluding the above my first research ''BAL PARYAWARAN'', PhD research ''UNICEF'', research paper ‘Growth models", under publication'' TANTRA MANTRA'', "application of advance engineering'', ''society and social engineering'', ''advance economics'', ''advance drawing and application''etc. are my facts in the service of the society.

Anchor (2) :- Why are you require to write much and more since the provision of the royalty income is a better package in poems, stories and in general books ? What is the case of your disturbance apart of writing the fools?

Divesh Bhatt :- I do write only the truth and nothing wrong in my sense. The permission of writing in errors could not be granted by my parents. I do obey the facts, speak the truth and I do what to said and do believe in facts. I am unable to collect 5-6 English, mathematics or sociology books followed by unusual publication + translation and unsafe sex stories. The provision of royalty income did not permitted by my employers but one may note that any book in the world can not be more valuable than any single page written by me. Again it is a challenge to all to prove my deep studies as an unusual, i will stop further writing . That is the reason to make me a god instead of stone statue by the defaulter managers including BABA of KHANDWA, PUSKAR and villagers of KORAPUT, KOTPAD and surroundings ANDHAR ORRISA. I financed two four wheeler nano car + 2 motorcycle to facilitate my blind followers and to convenience them to reach god on time of DIWALI & EED.

Anchor (3) :- You are blamed to repeat the matter and also to suggest 120/- robbery after 250/- earning.

Divesh Bhatt :- At the time of publication of the first book , I was unavailable in India . I went to foreign countries to see the batter way of research activities but as I returned to India, I have seen my incomplete book published by Randhir Prakashan , Haridwar as send my guide K L NISHAD (BHAIRAMGADI). I accept the lack of quality and quantity, resulted into another edition in the series of books. Again one may note if he doesn't found value for money , I will return Rs.250 plus Rs.120 equals Rs. 370 from my 25t+………..

Anchor (4) :- The process of nomenclature of your books (TITLE) isn't a scientific way.

Divesh Bhatt :- Gate in church gate is missing and monkeys are unavailable in BANDRA. If I do fake to improve Indian to please be right, do they obey? If I do write 'money can't be rained' did it be sell ? If not be selled how the public be read? If not be read how it is possible to conduct operation save India ? They read and obeyed but the group of robbers is continuously rumoring RP LP MP NM MP MIRROR as in the story of pigeon and DADI WALE BABA G .Be patriots, we will not face only the truth but the only god also, after the break. LOK ADALAT claims the writer to put the hard work exceeding his physical limits results into quality of the output.

  

EXTREME HARD WORKER

Anchor (5) :- Please tell us yours educational qualification. Are you a legal writer or a fool? What is the top model?

Divesh Bhatt :- I stood at the first position in the school in HSC , simultaneously crossing PPT ' the base qualifier of engineering' followed by AMIE (senior technician) & Bachelor of arts as well. Under permission of employer I again stood UNIVERSITY TOP in economics (gold medal). The basic qualification of lecturer UGC NET & VYPM SLET prove myself as a legal writer and this intensity of top of the model and nano LS BS4 defined the cleaver to reach the top. I have submitted my thesis on "UNICEF'' claiming child sexual exploitation as documentary photo proof but in vain due to unknown GAY concept by my woman guide . I also warned NITHARI CASE to save children with a dozen of lives but nobody believes my voice.

Anchor (6) :- please clarify the lives of children in detail ?

Divesh Bhatt :- Foolish TANTRIK of dhamtari (chattisgarh) not only claimer money rain through ROPE but its dealing in 25000/- also in cash. A group of 3 children (age between 10 y to 16 y) caused murder of a 12 year child as hanging till death followed by another three murder resulting into expansion of gang as a dozen of notorious criminals. The group couldn't understood that nobody is the purchaser and all are rumors but the district pulish fired 302, 304 IPC and put the murderers behind the wall of bastar jail as published in news papers. In the endless chain of crime , if I was able to approach them - could save the direct lives of a dozen of children including Jail visitors.

 

Anchor (7) :- You yourself drunk MCDOWELL 8 PM to indults followed by NANO visit to samples with mutton of 12 number ?

Divesh Bhatt :- Public servants and bureaucrats are habitual of corruption in the memories of MAHATMA GANDHI or PM, CM, BM etc. The legal advisor V N Gadgil of our only lady PM ex. Indira Gandhi carried Ten Million Well Scheme including Pond and Lake with surprising of pouring the same within the season to run the system of employment. Actually speaking the policy was a Nobel but it was either underestimated or leaked in bearcats, thus the whole on papers only. In the same context DKBRY for urban and DRY for rural people aims to save India by manufacturing duplicate articles saving India by foreigners and Englishmen. Under these activities the earning of 5000/ from Bablu Sahu owner of max 100 mc invested to survey of the Indian destroyers proved profitable once but whom are the beneficiaries of TATA INDICA journey by train by andhra doctors proceeding a theft of a dozen of rice and clove grains from the merchandiser shop ? They are again the victims of ZHADI (377) and the heaven visits results into whom luxury, unbelievable none.

Anchor (8) :- And how do you do take biscuits in BOLERO ?

Divesh Bhatt :- When I faced interview to the group of non adult defaulters in Dip Money , they planned to purchased Mahindra Bolero within 48 working hours eg. at Thursday , resulting into escape of myself by begging over the amount HARI PATTI in a few minutes for breakfast. By the way I ran naked without mirror and the left underwear, original and genuine are ready for auction and GANJA smugglers are invited with Scorpio . If the burglars are successful in their goal, they do purchase Xylo E 8 , is a myth. Please find a list of biscuit vehicles for n.a.

  

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES PERSONAL VEHICLES

alfa bolero

gio reva

navistar scorpio

maxicab thar

genio verito

maximo actyon

tourister chairman

korando,kyron, rexton, rodius, xuv 500 and ZLX m2dicor hybrid

It is clear that I am the most cleaver Indian of Mahindra. So it is advised either to take gold biscuits or to take PAN (iku) in commander without crown brake but lastly if to eat PARLE - BOLERO is the best.

Anchor (9) :- You are requested to kindly summarize the survey instead of a long memorandum.

Divesh Bhatt :- Out of a list of 12500 mobile numbers with name and address I do insure that all are defaulters excluding bajrang.

Anchor (10) :- Hellow. this guy is BAJRANG Baghel, the god ?

Bajrang :- This is the fact of a lakh of people surveyed by the officer and abstracted me the only honor in the world but one may note that his follower late Anand Rajak - Mechanic of double mileage without touching engine was quite faithful. Another close of him advocate K N Singh did not defeat any case since his practice.

Anchor (11) :- Singh Saheb is unavailable but please tell us the way of regular success of the lawyer.

Divesh Bhatt :- Each person in business is blind if horse friends gross what should he eat ? I am the advisor cum translator of Singh Saheb , who is the employer of a dozen of juniors and servants. This lawyer is an applicator of internet in excess and has hundreds of law books. At first he takes case study followed by seniors advise including Bilaspur and Supreme Court lawers . He owns Suzuki car and motorcycle , gift by father in law and Hero honda with my Nano provides convenience in approaching the fact . He also get facility of a samsung Laptop with samsung ac chamber and most of his note sheet are either prepared by me or approved by me. Thus all the decisions are in favor of him is the secret of success but he takes the whole 100% fees in advance and there is no chance of return of the fees due to win. Now some victims claim defaulter or non ownest but he is WAKIL No. 1 .

Do not miss BABA G KE PRAVACHAN but after the break.

Writer claimed time mismanagement!

Anchor (12) :- You take a sleep at am , wake up 10 am. As you get up your mobile gets nonstop 12 + h working .

Divesh Bhatt :- This is true that I do get wake lately. This is the reason that my time of call is 9 to 12 pm. The all over India helpline numbers for disadvantaged persons are 09425636422 + 09926395795 . These numbers are found in my letter pad, name plate, official seal and also on internet facebook.com .These numbers are also running in the script of the interview . I have volunteer helpers in survey and driver + Helper + meson are already available in my doorstep. I tried my best even door to door service of all the readers but a little knowledge is quite dangerous as in story of ABHIMANYU. Therefore I stay on mobile up to battery low of the caller and my numbers are always busy at the moment. I have a secret Vodaphone number for personal use . We may put place a strict order to take permission of myself before entering into coin business.

Anchor (13) :- And what is the endless conclusion ? eg describe India in your dream ?

Divesh Bhatt :- There is a group of mobile robbers to eat 17000 to 83000 per customer as an advance for finance . They assure a laptop worth Rs 6999, so does D K Bhatt is a half mind to purchase the same for Rs 15000. The group even claims a solution of any kind of problem including home conflict, satta, gadadhan and charging of a coin. They use E mail id, HDFC cheque and all the modern facilities of E LOOT. Three numbers of live dead bodies in Geedam city of Chattisgarh, UP formulae (gold) of tractor specialist, Manoj Dammur Rs.2500, 1360 in magnet and the parrarel robbery directed me to write in deep. The most honest person in india (bhagwan g) says the dozen of Jwellers in the capital of chattisgarh may escape before diwali.

Anchor (14) :- You were charged of negligence in public work by your sub divisional officer in 2002. A mad officer committed suicide and an SDO became made. What is this drama? You get a handsome salary of 25 t per month and a F type big bungalow. Why do you commit negligence in work ?

Divesh Bhatt :- During process of universal proof of hypotheses required police verification for passport. At the moment commissioner of police, city, Hoshangabad kept me under custody for 72 + hours . This was the reason for me absence from work for a week resulted into such explanation in the chess with burglar contractors claims the limited mind of Indians. If an officer becomes mad after firing a notice to me or anybody tries to eat food allotted to ZINDA GANDHI and commits suicide, it is the disturbance of the system. If a time keeper drives his cycle on rail track or walks on platform with half mind SDO or a vegetable seller hides himself behind the Piggeo auto (gifted by me), all are consequence of the system. It is interesting to note that dog are not familiar of the reverse gear in vehicles. They have seen all the vehicles in forward running only and the practice of barking has got by them in nature. The writer is habitual of throwing dogs in reverse. He has 15 years experience for such activities but in regard of guru DRONE it is to note that the children of 19 th century listened story of milkman and monkey, tortoise and rabbit, dear and camel etc. but now a days in 21st century instead of computer and technology, they are getting a practical training of window, magnet, surgery and forgery. Who is the DONGRE? Who is the mastermind of Indian slave? Who told the necessarily of hippopotamus in 50 paisa? Who told to write SATYAMEV JAYTE in one rupee of 1970? Again it is impossible to detect the mastermind of fake currency or the different techniques of testing currency eg tv, bulb, tube light. Vasco d gama and Englishmen were partially success in getting India slave but in 2 h years. Thus the only purpose of my deep research is to identify problem among villagers and an investment of 25 t per month from last decade concludes each page of my book to replace RAMAYAN, MAHABHARAT, BIBLE,KURAN, GEETA and it is a historical miracle to include in each library .

Anchor (15) :- What is the time management ?

Divesh Bhatt :- 18+ h working with 100% efficiency is time management.

Charges are continuing on shri Bhatt and it isn’t possible to clear them by him.

LOK ADALAT charges D K Bhatt as corrupted GUNDA.

  

Anchor (16) :- We have listen that you diet is more than double of a normal person . Still you are hungry, why ?

Divesh Bhatt :- Before entering into government job, I was PAPPU PAHALWAN in Vijay Health Club, Hoshangabad (MP). Afterword diet remained high & old looking body is the sign of increasing knowledge. Sachin Tendulkar made century of centuries but still hunger of runs, in the same way I do collect knowledge.

Anchor (17) :- This means you drink a lot !

Divesh Bhatt :- I haven't drunk in my entire life. I also am not interested in hunger sex.

Anchor (18) :- you are unmarried, supposed to be un believable .

Divesh Bhatt :- I am ready to listen defaulter, not faitfull, runner, eater, cheater, mad, nonsence etc. . It is again to notice that the delay in marriage due to family reasons and BABAg are identical nomenclatures.

Anchor (19) :- What is this babababa ?

Divesh Bhatt :- clearks are domicile of India since British rule. Baba are found on footpath near stations having readymade hairs on face. These baba were getting business of Dharma but they caught forgery of double money. Now these baba's are reburying babu's on 1 st day of month through mediator of engineer causing long term loss of faith of a man on baba&babu.

Anchor (20) :- You have given 5t, 5t, 12t, 11t corruption for Phd, passport, foreign journey, probation, govt. bunglaw . you invested 85h + 24h +125000 in bottle, 8500/ in PATTA, 70+80 h in neel chemical, 20t + nano in Rs. 10. You found 6t selling cost of 13t purchase value cddeshmukh cross five 3 dear. In this 6t you paid 3t to icici firozabad for further business and for rest 3 t please define Dadar, Bhaikhala, Chinchpokli, Dahisar and Biowar bus stand

Divesh Bhatt :- As I told there are two alternates of work, either zero or you know. I do hereby declare that in 11 year's engineer job, i did not get even rs 10 as corruption. I didn't earn any money even rs 5 in my job and all my quality works were in absence of donation. One may check measurement book number 119&120 for that with notepad of 3500/ given by contractor to me not as a part of corruption but a compensation of china mobile purchased in delhi worth Rs 8500/. This contractor Pande (G must) illustrates American method of CSR + incentive but in vain due to the reason that he lectures in drunk and he also suggested to mix lime stone with a little amount of Gypsum to make alternate cement and to make civil construction under low cost with high quality.

Now one may listen that this 3 L turnover may expended into 10 L cash of my salary and nearly half amount of earning in selling these items. This total exceeds 15 Lakh rupees and these are dipped investment to save India .

These names are listened as of some railway stations, where I found three new comer of coin business, in which one was LAMBU and another was TINGU. They told me to visit internet to see 9 inches rice pulling bowl , dealing in 1 t crore, token to be taken 10 crore before saturday . I told RP to hota hi nahi he, C to hota hi nahi he, Gorakhpur is 3 days running by train, today is monday .............! Lambu g said aero plane takes on 6 hours, payment is to be collected by check.................! now Tingu G supposed me a ZANDU.

In the same way I went AJMER the makkamadina of india for the endless reverse to purchase 2 piece of 3 dear cross 5 in 15900+16700+22000 expenses . In that currency one of the dear was sitting was the nonsense reason. Any way two old persons aged 65-70 year in which one was Bengali, whose friendship was of 65 years, lived in biover nearly 70 km from ajmer , called me to come. As I reached the city , they said we have purchased 12 books from munna kabadi. All contained mobile number of the writer, we miss called to all . 6 reached to my foot since morning, two are on railway station and two are on bus stand. One will come by aero plane and you came 2 hours late . It is our pleasure to take you from SBI chowk. Now excluding unnecessary lectures, I have seen hundreds of DADAR styled currency, they told one rupee note signed by RA NA Malhotra may sell one piece in Rs ZERO, two piece in Rs ZERO three piece in Rs ZERO, four piece in Rs 5 LAT cash but they forget that the PARTY doesn't exists. Sex specialists call of Illahabad (UP) for magnet, doctor's call for the HAJMOLA powder pulling rice upto 9 inches last week, two mouth snake of Bulandshahar, extensive field work and continuous research with nonstop working made me the only authorized person to make a helpline but I am again confused to find the quantity of coin mind in a general villager. Robbery in magnet coin beside the lake by an engineer who himself constructed that pound, leaving coconut shop business for Rs 10 two peacock, missed call from indult to purchase the same and adiwasi loot confused me , who is MAYA . My continuous faller confused that mayawati isn't CM, she is found in ganga river but she is not a money as Laxmi bai found in Jhansi cantt. in Rs. hari patti.

Anchor (21) :- You have beaten three number of policemen in thana of Thane, one advocate in district court, two doctors in hospitals, two villagers in street and also your officers in office. This weekly recovery claims you criminal of Ipc 294

Divesh Bhatt :- As you know that I was a manager and manufacturer cum seller of cooler and Jalpari motor before government engineer but the lease of rest finaced named week by fools. The policemen beated me and eated my nose as of Indira Gandhi , I felt 20 on those 19. Doctors enjoyed the dream of my kidni selling. This 16 years old LLB student dreamed and calculated the profit of child selling in camel race in arabs and the villagers were domicile of maya state UP. Now please note I will beat a computer salesman in shop, a vegetable seller in auto, defaulter factory managers in their residence cum bottle manufacturing units . India is a ball, rolling out of track, save otherwise it will fall. I do affraid of 25 type policemen, 50 type TI and 5 - 10 sp-dsp since protection is another matter anyway.

Anchor (22) :- You broke lock of your office and of LIG 07, H 18, G2, G35, F2 and also define MIG II 36, HIG 378, 11 no. makan and lift wala bunglaw .

Divesh Bhatt :- I was only a mediator in entering into new office building as per the verbal order of the district collector. LIG 07 is a temple of coin businessmen, H18 is a picnic spot for a story of a pair of hours, G2 is a residence of 2500/ defaulter, G35 was double locked instead of breaking as of G38 and lastly F2 is the only compensation of the collector to host the reader and followers and also a centre of group eating. MIG36 & 11 no makan are made by SADA and 378 is a rental owned bungalow. Lift Wala Bunglow behind collector bungalow is a joint venture dream of myself with advocate K N Singh , who constructed a new constitution in which he explains IPC 448.

Today it is again charged to Divesh Bhatt that he speaks a lot but in vain.

Anchor (23) :- You commit COW..................

Divesh Bhatt :- Cow found left but if the owner of the cow (policeman) meets , beat him a lot.

Anchor (24) :- You commit if 5 strait...............

Divesh Bhatt :- If 5 is straight , it is a dealing of 220 Arab sum of money. If SATYAMEV JAYTE written in front, it is a dealing of 30 t c . If 1995 printed, it is a dealing of 1L dollar and if the aero plane becomes crash as we unveil the main plate , the article may cost 17725 K but it is a must to be presence of the barking dog in that who eat note instead of mutton and latrines the same.

Anchor (25) :- That DOG................

Divesh Bhatt :- DOG in the street eaten 15000 sum of money. Now sit & wait to latrine the dog, since he will extract only money.

 

Anchor (26) :- This means you commit a lot but in vain.

Divesh Bhatt :- In the cycle of coin game it is a policy to demands the goods which are not available and if some sort of goods found in market near Ganga river , the foolish persons commit a lot of lacks in that. The formulae’s of shipping are formulated to destroy the whole system but no one is the purchaser. All the living men are found in a cycle of fool-mediator-tester-financer-party but party doesn't survive at last. Dear monkey brand men , think, Rs 1 is not sufficient to purchase the medicine of mother. Rs 5 is not capable of sufficient milk purchase for baby. Two & half rupees does not a valid money. Rs 10 founds in two peacock and Rs 100 if contains eagle may not run in market due to huge a 4 size. We cannot put medicine of mother in 3 kg bottle and aslso can not drink water in that. The bottle is not a passport of Pakistan and if taken with bucket , one may caught in smuggling. So why is this eager and hunger? You know that half of our population is women and half of them are children. It is a policy of Englishmen to not survive India by habituating commonwealth, cricket, sex, satt, coin and bottle to the 20% working persons. please honor my deep studies otherwise we will destroy ourself. This is the conclusion of my books .

Now we will test the result of public after the break.

Anchor (27) :- Now please quote a message to the Indian through this forum .

Divesh Bhatt :- To remove the rumor of money rain, there are only alternatives to barter system or to design the currency by D K Bhatt photo. This will also cause solution to black money and inflaflation with economic equality as well.

Anchor (28) :- What are your expectation by government through this forum ?

Divesh Bhatt :- Since Dantewada is a naxal district, it is must to have police protection to all of us TEEN MURTI.

VOLCABILIRY

SAMPLE :- Purchaser of my books, internet users, viewers and public forced into coin business.

ZHANDUBAM :- Mastermind of 6 to 8 persons , expenses money

Purchaser :- Unavailable naked BABA commit 20 L of 20.

BOLOBABA :- Earned 6 L, Demands deshmukh uncle.

Tank of Rampur :- It is the last creation of my father.

Patient of Kolhapur :- Searches twin for money rain not on goooooo. They are required to transfer Bareli from Agra Immediately. Rest of the details of the questionnaire may found in my books.

QUESTIONNAIRE

1- Only dream - Only Rs. 1 india .......

2- Hobby - Biscuits in bolero

3- Drama - Tank drama SHOLEY movie

4- Vehicles dreamed - Xylo E 8 red & bolero m2dii

5- Movie - Daulat ki Jung

6- Hero ` - Tatttttttti…….. kapoor

7- Gadi - Platina ATCT

8- Pakwan - khyali pulao

9- Election logo - Fati underwear

10- Animal - Hippopotamus & dear

11- Bird - Peahen & Eagle

12- King - CDDeshmukh, ra na malhotra, j p taylor

13- Doctor - Tortoise specialist ASIM

14- Bark - Nano journey

15- Books - 1. '90 crore ki barsaat'

2. 'Asimit noto ki dhanwarsha'

 

CONLUSION

 

The forum denies all the charges over the writer. She claims to keep the physical and mental labor to a limit in parameters to output more qualitative work. The forum suggests the viewer to leave the coin game instantly and orders 09425636422 + 0992695795 as all India helpline for any matter. The forum will try police protection to the group and to know the detail of the action please call Randhir Prakashan to purchase books of the writer.

               

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Methodological Tools for Digital Humanities - Doctoral Schools & LW22

The above graph appeared on Reddit in early 2021.

The source quoted was MediaCloud.org/Alan Austin - Source Media Cloud, Australian Office of Financial Management.

 

The above graph was prepared by Media Cloud, an international independent media research organization. It graphically depicts the partisan impact of main stream media in influencing public perceptions, therefore the course of political debate in Australia. It would be most interesting to see similar research done calling out the partisan role of MSM in manipulating public opinion on other issues within our society. Media Cloud does have methodology which can make this happen.

The graph prompted me to record my own perceptions of where Australia has come from since the vested interests of the mainstream media colluded with the Abbott LNP opposition from 2007 to 2013 to bring down the Rudd Gillard Rudd Labor governments.

 

Australia subsequently, under 3 LNP Prime Ministers, has suffered enormously, environmentally, socially and financially, following 9 years of what many experts believe is the most ideologically driven, inept, self-serving and corrupt governance Australians have endured since federation in 1901.

When Tony Abbott was elected in 2013 he rode into government on a wave of media hype styled to present the LNP as stronger on borders and as superior economic managers.

The overwhelming evidence now is that, that campaign, mainly perpetrated by the Murdoch Media and other vested interest right wing aligned media organisations, unrelentingly and very effectively focussed on government debt between 2007 and 2013, particularly during the period Labor was tasked with dealing with the Global financial crisis.

With the aid of a compliant media the Abbott opposition used attack, distraction and misinformation to deflect from critically assessing the record of the preceding Howard Government who had squandered the huge profits of the mining boom and who failed to invest heavily in Australian infrastructure when the opportunity presented.

The Rudd/Gillard Labor Governments from 2007 to 2013 were viciously pilloried at every post by the mainstream media, particularly the Murdoch newspapers and particularly about the level of national debt. This was despite Labor successfully negotiating the GFC with one of the best performing economies in the world.

Politics in Australia sank to new lows during the Abbott years, steadied under Turnbull and has gone rogue under Morrison.

Nine years of LNP government has accomplished very little for average Australians. Our health system has been progressively white anted, the NBN was made a political football and is now costing much more to bring it up to speed than would have been the case under the former FTTH model. Climate Change and renewables policy has been the bane of several prime ministers, mainly because big polluters have bought government policy, in some cases they even wrote it for the government.

Successive LNP governments since 2013 have been in turmoil with one scandal after another while at the same time the extreme right of the LNP began to gain control at every step of the implementation of the government's agenda.

Despite the best efforts of the MSM to conceal the reality, debt has run out of control, with Australian debt passing the trillion dollar mark in 2020. The myth of LNP financial superiority, which the media has tried desperately to keep alive, has now been glaringly exposed, as Australia debt levels hurtled north, way beyond the debt levels of any previous National government. The other myth that's been exposed is that LNP Governments tax less than Labor Governments. The Morrison Government in 2020 became the highest taxing government in Australia's history but its who they tax and who they don't tax that causes the most pain for average Australians.

 

Australia's Debt Clock It's well worth scrolling down and taking some time to digest this information.

 

Openly hostile electoral tactics backed by MSM were successful in seeing the LNP's Tony Abbott elected in 2013 and even Labor power brokers conceded that Abbott, as an opposition leader, was indeed very effective.

Once in government many of the promises made by Abbott before the election were jettisoned and the LNP machine took over. Abbott's penchant for lying set him well apart from any previous Prime Minister although Morrison has taken it to another level during his tenure.

Since Abbott we have seen the impacts of the governments ideological belief in small government beginning with the removal of significant levels of regulation which had formerly protected Australians from corrupt processes. Privatisation of financially viable government authorities, selling them off to mates of the government who would return the favour by donating to the LNP. Attacking any government organisation that called the government to account or threatened their ideology. Stacking the judiciary with compliant judges, sacking bureaucrats and staff with long experience in the public service. Severely defunding the ABC and even calling into question the important role of science in leading Australia into the future. The ABC and the CSIRO and other environmental government organisations were threatened with change or be defunded and funding redirected to bodies ideologically in sinque with the government.

Tony Abbott was hell bent on maliciously reversing every part of the previous Labor governments legacy and ticking off the very public list of 100 objectives handed to the government by the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA), a right wing think tank.

Since the election of the LNP in 2013 the government and its successors have become increasingly electorally pragmatic and secretive, some say fascist in its tendencies. Attacking whistle blowers who expose corrupt ministerial behaviours. Bringing defamation cases against private citizens who dare criticise a minister. Protecting ministers alleged to have committed crimes. One could write a long list.

 

At the same time the government is restricting access to freedom of information processes and more and more power is being put in the hands of ministers to make decisions, or to over-ride legislated ones.

The government at the same time is becoming more targeted in attacking its critics, fine tuning legislation to allow these attacks to be effective. As they gradually organise themselves to deal with dissent the government is becoming more recognisably arrogant. No Morrison Government minister has been called to account despite numerous crises, crises that in any other government would see the minister stood down or replaced.

Pork barreling (corruption) has been taken to a whole new level by the Morrison Government and when challenged the government has dismissed the issue as just the accepted norm of governance. Former NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian called it that way saying it's how politics works before she voluntarily resigned in late 2020 following allegations of having a secret affair with a former government minister who had been convicted of corrupt behavior.

After Abbott was unceremoniously dumped as Prime Minister his replacement, Malcolm Turnbull, a moderate, stood no chance of survival as big coal and oil poured millions into destabilizing any action on climate change.

Turnbull was thrown out in a coup led by Peter Dutton but the perverse politics of the LNP saw Scott Morrison somehow able to sneak in under him and, to Australia's great detriment, emerge as leader.

By 2018 the Australian public had become more educated about the divisive direction that the LNP and Scott Morrison were taking Australia but the vested interests of the main stream media stood up and united to ensure Labor leader Bill Shorten never got a look in in his campaign to become the first Labor leader since Kevin Rudd.

Of course, the intervention of Clive Palmer played a massive part in the re-election of Scott Morrison. It has been variously reported that coal mining magnate Clive Palmer and his backers contributed up to $87 million to the Palmer United Party in an effort to ensure that the LNP were re-elected. Palmer United, although they stood candidates in most seats, failed to win a single seat but their preferences, particularly in Queensland, swayed the result in favour of conservative parties. The fact that Palmer has a huge mine right alongside the much-maligned Adani Mine ready to go in Queensland of course had nothing to do with his massive spend. (sarcasm)

Morrison was narrowly returned as Prime Minister after the 2018 election and a chance for a more honest, egalitarian, compassionate and environmentally sustainable government slipped away.

Scandal after scandal, unbelievable levels of mounting government and household debt and glaring failures all along the way to deal effectively with climate change and with Australia's Covid 19 response mean the LNP's Scott Morrison will go to the polls again in early May 2022 as a likely underdog.

With more than 16 billion set aside by the LNP government to be handed out as inducements/bribes before the 2022 election the campaign is already shaping up to be one of the nastiest since the Abbott years, Morrison, a Trumpist, backed by big business, big polluters and the religious right arrogantly believes the country will support his re-election because 'God is on his side' as he proudly proclaimed after his 'miracle' win in the 2018 election.

His record on every front has been abysmal, pragmatic yes, but lazy nevertheless, inept, if not incompetent, and as many believe, brazenly corrupt.

It's to be hoped Australians finally see there is no future in retaining such scoundrels in Australia's parliament but given the partisan power of MSM it will be tough for Labor and change focused independents to win as the main stream media seeks to control the narrative. Clive Palmer, who still does not have approval for his Queensland mega coal mine, has promised that he will invest even more money in seeking to retain the Morrison Government. The $87 million spent in the 2018 election will pale into insignificance compared to what he and his backers will spend in 2022.

It's hard to imagine any mainstream newspaper not going along with Palmer's plan as the advertising revenue bonanza they will receive from him will be huge and will almost assuredly buy their political affiliations, and their editorials.

More than ever before Australian's need to educate and assert themselves and send a clear message that incompetent, if not corrupt governance will no longer be tolerated.

Lies, distraction and misinformation perpetrated by politicians and compliant main stream media journalists needs to be called out and while social media has played an increasingly effective role in doing that, one wonders how long it can continue to call the government to account. The governments tactics of threatening journalists and even private citizens with defamation and other legal sanctions are increasingly desperate as investigative journalists uncover much that the government seeks to keep under wraps. We've seen by its recent actions that the government is on the attack against social media as the effectiveness of its role in holding the government to account grows but this action is as much about protecting the governments media partners (News Limited) from commercial impacts as seen by the recent legislation aimed at reeling in Google, Facebook and Twitter.

Morrison went to the 2018 election promising a Royal Commission into the Banks but vigorously resisted it until it became impossible to defend their behaviour. He also promised a Corruption Royal Commission however its now clear he had no intention of doing so let alone making it retrospective and certainly not one that he cannot write the terms of reference for.

If politics in Australia is not to slide further into the abyss the 2022 federal election must bring about a change of government, either by a Labor win or, by a parliament where independents hold the balance of power.

 

Rex Patrick - Australian Independent Senator posted the following summation of Scott Morrison and the LNP on Twitter - 31.1.2022.

"If you spin, rort, cover-up, disrespect, don't enforce team standards, persecute whistleblowers, lack transparency, cause waste and ignore science, you will lose the trust of the electorate and you will lose the election."

 

PS. Rex Patrick, an excellent independent, lost his seat at the 2022 election. Go figure?

Save Me

The leader of the cosmic revolution, the leader and mentor of the philosophical kingdom----Fangruida (Smirh)

Marco

 

1The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe(Fangruida)

Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory(Fangruida)

 

2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory

Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits

 

3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings

The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe

 

Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes

 

Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc

B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"

C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex

E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics

H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification

 

Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.

The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence

Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity

  

1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development

2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy

3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy

4. Philosophy and science and technology

5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy

6. Philosophy and society

7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.

8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy

9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature

10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy

11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system

12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions

13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species

14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos

15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system

16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society

Human survival and restriction threshold

17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?

18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem

19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe

20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.

(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.

Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

*************************************************************************

Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels

1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel

Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe

 

2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie

Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif

 

3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains

La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers

 

Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés

 

Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux

B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"

C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe

E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro

H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification

 

Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.

Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine

La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif

   

 Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels

1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной

Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры

 

2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория

Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит

 

3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.

Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной

 

Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.

 

Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги

B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"

C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс

E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики

H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение

 

Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.

Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом

Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность

  

 Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels

1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums

Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie

 

2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie

Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen

 

3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen

Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums

 

Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene

 

Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens

B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"

C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex

E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften

H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung

 

Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.

Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz

Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.

Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork

 

1The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe

Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory

 

2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory

Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits

 

3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings

The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe

 

Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes

 

Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc

B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"

C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex

E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics

H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification

 

Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.

The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence

Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity

  

1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development

2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy

3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy

4. Philosophy and science and technology

5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy

6. Philosophy and society

7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.

8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy

9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature

10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy

11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system

12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions

13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species

14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos

15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system

16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society

Human survival and restriction threshold

17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?

18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem

19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe

20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.

(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.

Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

*************************************************************************

Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels

1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel

Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe

 

2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie

Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif

 

3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains

La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers

 

Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés

 

Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux

B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"

C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe

E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro

H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification

 

Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.

Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine

La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif

   

 Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels

1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной

Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры

 

2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория

Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит

 

3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.

Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной

 

Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.

 

Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги

B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"

C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс

E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики

H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение

 

Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.

Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом

Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность

  

 Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels

1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums

Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie

 

2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie

Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen

 

3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen

Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums

 

Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene

 

Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens

B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"

C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex

E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften

H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung

 

Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.

Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz

Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.

Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork

  

哲學革命哲學綱領提要--自然哲學和理性哲學----- 方瑞達（Smith）自然哲學經典著作精要（2016v3.6全球手機版 中英雙語版）編譯：Wels

①世界變革與自然宇宙的多維變化演變

星球社會綜合 論 自然宇宙生滅論 自然哲學理性結構論 自然世界多維雜化複變結構論

 

②人類社會發展生息論 自由理性結構主義論 生物物種社會生存模式模態結構演化論 雜化邏輯定義邏輯論

聚化提純邏輯和思維 自然語言軌道 形式語言軌道和雜化邏輯混成演繹語言軌道 思維的自然結構方式論

 

③哲學革命的三性論 多體論，多維論-引導引領世界和人類的指路明燈

哲學的革命 哲學的三維多維結構 意識和神經系統的雙向和多項結構 萬物之宗的認識論方法論思維結構

 

AA語言的雜化軌道 高級神經系統的進化和雜化軌道 神經細胞和基因的躍遷 高級神經活動基因

 

神經反射弧的超導結構

B《自然宇宙論-物質-物種-生命-粒子-人類及其社會發展概論 《 自然宇宙體系結構和超旋矢域場》

C.自然宇宙的多向性多維性物質，精神，存在，意識，物種，生命，第三體，第四體生物D.物種進化繁衍的一般性和特殊耦合性和自然物質的普遍性和永恆性

E.宇宙自然結構的泛化複變有序無序混沌F. 生命物種和自然宇宙特殊物種在自然宇宙的位置人類在自然宇宙的位置和自然歷史程序G 宇宙和粒子宇宙-物質-物種-粒子-生命-超微性和超宏性超特性

H.人類社會-生命高級智慧物種的誕生和演變衍化 M.宇宙的起源和未來 數理哲學和積化與純化

 

即使沒有人類，自然宇宙的星球和物質依舊會自然運動。自然宇宙本質上和人類以及一切生物活性物種並不是絕對關聯。人類再偉大也不過是滄海一粟。人類畢竟是高級智慧動物物種而已，異想天開地認為生物物種可以超越地球，超越月球，超越火星，超越太陽，超越銀河，那麼人類就真正變成天神天仙了。當然，人類的智慧和創造力是驚天動地的，不可否認。 N.地球物理學，地球化學，地球生物學，地球生物化學在大宇宙中的廣延性以及局限性和特殊性。

O科學和技術的偉大作用 科學技術和人類智能的局限性和有限性之關聯

物質性。自然性。物種性。生物性。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間質，包括隱形質體），聚化複變泛函無窮

1.哲學的歷史與發展哲學的本質

2.現代哲學的廣度，深度和影響力

3.世界哲學的各種學校和學校

4.哲學和科學技術

5.哲學與宗教，宗教哲學

6.哲學與社會

7.哲學與政治，經濟，文化，軍事，技術等之間的聯繫。

8.哲學的幾個主要命題認知等級偏差和思維結構的變化

9.哲學與宇宙，​​自然

10。哲學的基本原理，大腦的高神經活動閾值和基因冗餘

11.哲學的革命哲學的三維多維結構意識和神經系統的雙向和多重結構宇宙的認識論方法論

12.重要性。自然。種類。生物。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間體，包括看不見的質體），綜合複雜的功能無限

13.自然宇宙 - 粒子 - 中間體 - 生物 - 物質和物種的分裂和整合

14.自然界的多維性，有序無序混沌的進化複雜變換

15.人類意識和大腦的高水平神經運動進展以及自然和生物群落的生物社會基礎和活動。人類晚期神經系統的閾值

16.自然進展人類進化和未來變化人類社會和行星社會的特徵

人類生存和限制門檻

17.宇宙的變化以及宇宙的起點和終點都將為零，太陽系和地球會被毀滅嗎？

18.人類社會中的一切都將存在或崩潰。物理定理的時域和永恆

19.物質物種生命體高級智慧生命 - 歷史計劃和宇宙過程的必要性

20.銀河係是太陽系外的同質性或異質性

(原稿系方瑞達（史密斯）重要哲學著作精要手稿，經原作者反复校審修改後審定。現經作者同意，翻譯多語對照版本，供廣大讀者閱讀。

編譯Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

Fangruida (F.D Smith) est né à Shanghai le 16 mai 1949. (La date de sa naissance, il existe différentes versions. 16 avril 1950, 13 mai 1949, 13 mai 1949, plusieurs versions. Selon les informations pertinentes, cela devrait être en mai 1949, date anniversaire. Ce devrait être le 16 mai ou le 16 mai 1950. Par conséquent, cette dernière est généralement adoptée, c'est-à-dire le 16 mai 1949. Les autres versions sont inexactes ou basées sur des rumeurs, une fausse déclaration, etc. Lettre). Physicien, astronome, géologue, biologiste, cosmologiste, astronaute, scientifique en médecine, inventeur (roquette Fagruida, tunnel spatial Fangruida, etc.), philosophe, penseur, savant religieux, Économiste, sociologue, anthropologue, écrivain, éducateur. Lois Fang Ruida, Fang Ruidaism et de nombreux travaux de recherche importants.

 

Fangruida(F.D Smith)，1949年5月16日出生於上海。 （有關他的出生日期，有各種版本。1950年4月16日，1949年5月13日，1949年5月13日，等幾種版本。根據相關資料，應當是1949年5月，生日應當是5月16日，或者是1950年5月16日為準。所以，一般採用後者，即1949年5月16日。其他版本不准確，或是以訛傳訛，或是誤傳等，不足為信）。世界著名的物理學家，天文學家，地質學家，生物學家，宇宙學家，宇航學家，醫學家，發明家（Fagruida火箭，Fangruida太空隧道等），哲學家，思想家，宗教學家，經濟學家，社會學家，人類學家，文學家，教育家。方瑞達Laws，方瑞達主義，以及許多重要研究著作。

 

Fangruida (F.D Smith) est né à Shanghai le 16 mai 1949. (La date de sa naissance, il existe différentes versions. 16 avril 1950, 13 mai 1949, 13 mai 1949, plusieurs versions. Selon les informations pertinentes, cela devrait être en mai 1949, date anniversaire. Ce devrait être le 16 mai ou le 16 mai 1950. Par conséquent, cette dernière est généralement adoptée, c'est-à-dire le 16 mai 1949. Les autres versions sont inexactes ou basées sur des rumeurs, une fausse déclaration, etc. Lettre). Physicien, astronome, géologue, biologiste, cosmologiste, astronaute, scientifique en médecine, inventeur (roquette Fagruida, tunnel spatial Fangruida, etc.), philosophe, penseur, savant religieux, Économiste, sociologue, anthropologue, écrivain, éducateur. Lois Fang Ruida, Fang Ruidaism et de nombreux travaux de recherche importants.

For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the top image below.

 

The Zeiss 35mm f/1.4 Distagon ZM is one of the top 3-4 lenses for the M-mount, although it doesn't get the notoriety that a less capable lens like a Noctilux 50mm f/0.95 gets.

 

I got the silver edition of this lens years ago, but it is really mediocre on my Sony A7x cameras. I must have "decided" to sell this lens at least a half dozen times, and in fact, I had it listed on eBay some 3-4 times. Every time, I did not get the price I was seeking, and I did not have the heart to dump it for a low ball price.

 

After many YEARS, finally, today when I took some test shots with the Panasonic, it was like a light turning on. The image quality is really stunning, and I don't think anyone who shoots with this lens on a Leica M camera like an M10 or M 240 or even an SL really has any idea how amazing this lens is. I suspect the word will get around quickly once people start shooting with this lens on a Panasonic S1R or a future Sigma full-frame Foveon camera.

 

The shot above is the absolute lower left corner of the frame, at 100% magnification, shot at f/1.4. There is nothing more in the frame to the left or below what you see above. This is also SOOC JPEG, with no post processing.

 

This is nothing short of stunning.

 

Interior design is the art or process of designing the interior, often including the exterior, of a room or building. An interior designer (or a team of designers) is someone who coordinates and manages such civil engineering projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, communicating with the stakeholders of a project and the management and execution of the design. Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of special volume as well as surface treatment.

 

Although we now have help from technology in getting the best designs ready, for instance faux stone manufacturing system and other methodologies that can help in providing us with the best alternate of original highly expensive items, interior designing has a huge history behind.

 

Recent history

In the past, building interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of construction. The profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes. The pursuit of effective use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the development of the contemporary interior design. The profession of interior design is separate and distinct from the role of interior decorator, a term commonly used in the US. The term is less common in the UK where the profession of interior design is still unregulated and therefore, strictly speaking, not yet officially a profession. In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers. This can be seen from the references of Vishwakarma, the architect – one of the gods in Indian mythology. Additionally, the sculptures depicting ancient texts and events are seen in palaces built in 17th century India. In ancient Egypt, “soul houses” or models of houses were placed in tombs as receptacles for food offerings. From these, it is possible to discern details about the interior design of different residences throughout the different Egyptian dynasties such as changes in ventilation, porticoes, columns, loggias, windows, and doors. Throughout the 17th and 18th century, and into the early 19th Century, interior decoration was the concern of the homemaker, an employed upholsterer or craftsman who would advise on the artistic style for an interior space. Architects would also employ craftsmen or artisans to complete interior design for their buildings.

 

Commercial interior design

From the middle-to- late 19th century, interior design services expanded in industrial economies of the West. As the middle-class in America and Europe grew in size and prosperity, they began to desire the domestic trappings of wealth to cement their new status. Large furniture firms began to branch out into general interior design and management, offering full house furnishings in a variety of styles. This business model flourished from the mid-century to 1914, when this role was increasingly usurped by independent, often amateur, designers. This paved the way for the emergence of the professional interior design in the mid-20th century. In the 1850s and 1860s, upholsterers began to expand their business transactions. They framed their business more broadly and in artistic terms and began to advertise their furnishings to the public. To meet the growing demand for contract interior work on projects such as offices, hotels, and public buildings, these enterprises (furniture stores, dealers) became large and complex. In order to service the growing clients, they began to employ builders, joiners, plasterers, textile designers, artists, and furniture designers, as well as engineers and technicians to fulfill the job requirements. Firms began to publish and circulate catalogues with prints for different lavish styles to attract the attention of expanding middle classes in Europe and America.

 

Retail advertising

As department stores increased in number and size, retail spaces within shops were furnished in different styles as examples for customers. One particularly effective advertising tool was to set up model rooms at national and international exhibitions in showrooms for the public to see. Some of the pioneering firms in this regard were Waring & Gillow, James Shoolbred, Mintons and Holland & Sons. These traditional high-quality furniture making firms began to play an important role as advisers to middle class customers on taste and style. Gradually, the furniture stores began taking out contracts to design and furnish the interiors of many important buildings in Britain. This type of firm emerged in America after the Civil War. The Herter Brothers, founded by two German brothers, began as an upholstery warehouse and became one of the first firms of furniture makers and interior decorators. With their own design office, cabinet-making and upholstery workshops, Herter Brothers were prepared to accomplish every aspect of interior furnishing. Some of their contracts included decorative panelling and mantels, wall and ceiling decoration, patterned floors and carpets and draperies.

 

Owen Jones, father figure

A pivotal figure in popularizing theories of interior design to the middle class was the architect Owen Jones. Jones was one of the most influential design theorists of the 19th century. His first project was his most important – in 1851 he was responsible for not only the decoration of Joseph Paxton’s gigantic Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition, but also for the arrangement of the exhibits within. He chose a controversial palette of red, yellow and blue for the interior ironwork and, despite initial negative publicity in the newspapers, was eventually unveiled by Queen Victoria to much critical acclaim. His most significant work was “The Grammar of Ornament” (1856) in which Jones formulated 37 key principles of interior design and decoration. Jones was employed by some of the leading interior design firms of the day. In the 1860s he worked in collaboration with the London firm Jackson & Graham to produce furniture and other fittings for high-profile clients including art collector Alfred Morrison and the Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pasha. In 1882 the London Directory of the Post Office listed 80 interior decorators.

 

Professional interior design

By the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisors and publications were increasingly challenging the monopoly that the large retail companies had on interior design. English feminist author Mary Haweis wrote a series of widely read essays in the 1880s in which she derided the eagerness with which aspiring middle-class people furnished their houses according to the rigid models offered to them by the retailers. She advocated the individual adoption of a particular style, tailor made to the individual needs and preferences of the customer. The move towards decoration as a separate artistic profession unrelated to the manufacturers and retailers got an impetus with the formation of the Institute of British Decorators in 1899. With John Dibblee Crace as its president, IBD represented almost 200 decorators around the country. By 1915, the London Directory listed 127 individuals trading as interior decorators, of which 10 were women. Rhoda and Agnes Garrett were the first women to train professionally as home decorators in 1874. The importance of their work on design was regarded at the time as on a par with that of William Morris. In 1876, their work – “Suggestions for House Decoration in Painting, Woodwork and Furniture” – spread their ideas on artistic interior design to a wide middle-class audience.

 

Anti-Victorian ideas

In America, Candace Wheeler was one of the first woman interior designers and helped encourage a new style of American design. She was instrumental in the development of art courses for women in a number of major American cities and was considered a national authority on home design. An important influence on the new profession was “The Decoration of Houses”, a manual of interior design written by Edith Wharton with architect Ogden Codman in 1897 in America. In the book, the authors denounced Victorian-style interior design especially those rooms that were decorated with heavy window curtains, Victorian bric-a-brac and overstuffed furniture. They argued that such rooms emphasized upholstery at the expense of proper space planning and architectural design and were, therefore, uncomfortable and rarely used. The book is considered a seminal work and its success led to the emergence of professional decorators working in the manner advocated by its authors, most notably Elsie de Wolfe.

 

American woman pioneer

Elsie De Wolfe was one of the first female interior designers. Rejecting the Victorian style she grew up with, she chose a more vibrant scheme, along with more comfortable furniture in the home. Her designs were light with fresh colours and delicate Chinoiserie furnishings, as opposed to the Victorian preference of heavy, red drapes and upholstery, dark wood and intensely patterned wallpapers. Her designs were also more practical. She eliminated the clutter that occupied the Victorian home, enabling people to entertain more guests comfortably. In 1905, de Wolfe was commissioned for the interior design of the Colony Club on Madison Avenue. The interiors of Colony Club garnered her recognition almost overnight. She compiled her ideas into her widely read 1913 book, “The House in Good Taste”. In England, Syrie Maugham became a legendary interior designer credited with designing the first all-white room. Starting her career in the early 1910s, her international reputation soon grew. She later expanded her business to New York and Chicago.

 

Post-war expansion

The interior design as an exclusive profession became more prominent after World War II. From the 1950s onwards spending on the home increased. Interior design courses were established, requiring the publication of textbooks and reference sources. The historical accounts of interior designers and firms distinct from the decorative arts specialists were made available. Moreover, the organisations to regulate education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. were established for the nascent profession. Interior design was previously seen as playing a secondary role to architecture. It also has many connections to other design disciplines, involving the work of architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders and craftsmen. For these reasons the regulation of interior design standards and qualifications was often incorporated into other professional organisations that involved design. Organisations such as the Chartered Society of Designers set up in the UK in 1986 and the American Designers Institute founded in 1938 were established as organisations that governed various areas of design parameters.

 

Designers vs. decorators

Interior design is the art and science of understanding people’s behavior to create functional spaces within a building. Whereas decoration is the furnishing or adorning of a space with fashionable or beautiful things. In short, interior designers may decorate, but decorators do not design. Interior design implies that there is more of an emphasis on planning, functional design and the effective use of space, as compared to interior decoration. An interior designer can undertake projects that include arranging the basic layout of spaces within a building as well as projects that require an understanding of technical issues such as window and door positioning, acoustics and lighting. Although an interior designer may create the layout of a space, they may not alter load-bearing walls without having their designs stamped for approval by a structural engineer. Interior designers often work directly with architects, engineers and contractors.

Big Data is the science of managing data sets that become so large that they are difficult to manipulate with traditional software. New techniques were developed to organize, analyze, and retrieve excessive quantities of data. Big Photo refers to applying similar methodologies to equally large sets of images.

 

One “Flickr’s worth” of photos is uploaded to the social network by Facebook users monthly.

 

The portion of the indexed web estimated to be image files is estimated to be 30 percent.

 

However, the indexed web is far less than 1 percent of the the known web and doesn’t include the mobile web or social networks like Twitter and Facebook. Each hold massive datasets that aren't available to search engines like Google.

 

In 2001 researchers proposed that 17 percent of the web’s text was contained in image or video files and, therefore, was not indexed by search engines. OCR and visual search technologies have improved, greatly impacting this problem.

 

The creation of textual content is rapidly being dwarfed by images and video. Coupled with the fact that the lines between the mobile web and traditional web are blurring, the opportunity for new tools and products for indexing and manipulating visual data sets becomes apparent.

  

This report looks at three things: the relative size and growth of the largest photosharing social networks, the mobile messaging market and the year on year growth of mobile and internet.

 

To normalize the data, we reference only the latest market information from the previous year. So, this research is only as accurate as fourth quarter research from the previous year — in this case 2010.

 

Prints, large format files and more research available from metalayer.com.

 

You may also purchase this image as a 48"x32" Poster here.

 

Or as a raw 10800X7200 TIFF here.

 

More at - blog.metalayer.com/post/9662265140/the-growth-of-image-da...

DEFINITION OF POVERTY

Poverty in India is widespread, and a variety of methods have been proposed to measure it. The official measure of Indian government, before 2005, was based on food security and it was defined from per capita expenditure for a person to consume enough calories and be able to pay for associated essentials to survive. Since 2005, Indian government adopted the Tendulkar methodology which moved away from calorie anchor to a basket of goods and used rural, urban and regional minimum expenditure per capita necessary to survive.

 

The World Bank has similarly revised its definition and benchmarks to measure poverty since 1990, with $1.25 per day income on purchasing power parity basis as the definition in use from 2005 to 2013. Some semi-economic and non-economic indices have also been proposed to measure poverty in India; for example, the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index placed 33% weight on number of years spent in school and education and 6.25% weight on financial condition of a person, in order to determine if that person is poor.

 

The different definitions and different underlying small sample surveys used to determine poverty in India, have resulted in widely different estimates of poverty from 1950s to 2010s. In 2013, the Indian government stated 21.9% of its population is below its official poverty limit. The World Bank, in 2010 based on 2005's PPPs International Comparison Program, estimated 32.7% of Indian population, or about 400 million people, lived below $1.25 per day on purchasing power parity basis. According to United Nations Development Programme, an estimated 29.8% of Indians lived below poverty line in 2009-2010.

 

Poverty in India is a historical reality. From late 19th century through early 20th century, under British colonial rule, poverty in India intensified, peaking in 1920s. Famines and diseases killed millions each time. After India gained its independence in 1947, mass deaths from famines were prevented, but poverty increased, peaking post-independence in 1960s. A variety of welfare and food security initiatives, along with rapid economic growth since 1991, has led to sharp reductions in extreme poverty in India. However, those above poverty line live a fragile economic life. Lack of basic essentials of life such as safe drinking water, sanitation, housing, health infrastructure as well as malnutrition impact the lives of hundreds of millions.

 

The World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions in May 2014, to its poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide, including India. According to this revised methodology, the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line, of which 179.6 million people lived in India. In other words, India with 17.5% of total world's population, had 20.6% share of world's poorest in 2013.

 

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

India determines household poverty line by summing up the individual per capita poverty lines of the household members. This practice is similar to many developing countries, but different from developed countries such as the United States that adjust poverty line on an incremental basis per additional household member. For example, in the United States, the poverty line for a household with just one member was set at $11,670 per year for 2014, while it was set at $23,850 per year for a 4-member household (or $5963 per person for the larger household). The rationale for the differences arise from the economic realities of each country. In India, households may include surviving grandparents, parents and children. They typically do not incur any or significant rent expenses every month particularly in rural India, unlike housing in mostly urban developed economies. The cost of food and other essentials are shared within the household by its members in both cases. However, a larger portion of a monthly expenditure goes to food in poor households in developing countries, while housing, conveyance and other essentials cost significantly more in developed economies.

 

For its current poverty rate measurements, India calculates two benchmarks. The first includes a basket of goods including food items but does not include the implied value of home, value of any means of conveyance or the economic value of other essentials created, grown or used without a financial transaction, by the members of a household. The second poverty line benchmark adds rent value of residence as well as the cost of conveyance, but nothing else, to the first benchmark. This practice is similar to those used in developed countries for non-cash income equivalents and poverty line basis.

 

2010s

The World Bank has reviewed its poverty definition and calculation methodologies several times over the last 25 years. In early 1990s, The World Bank anchored absolute poverty line as $1 per day. This was revised in 1993, and the absolute poverty line was set at $1.08 a day for all countries on a purchasing power parity (PPP)basis, after adjusting for inflation to the 1993 U.S. dollar. In 2005, after extensive studies of cost of living across the world, The World Bank raised the measure for global poverty line to reflect the observed higher cost of living. Thereafter, the World Bank determined poverty rates from those living on less than US$1.25 per day on 2005 PPP basis, a measure that has been widely used in media and scholarly circles.

 

In May 2014, after revisiting its poverty definition, methodology and economic changes around the world, the World Bank proposed another major revision to PPP calculation methodology, international poverty line and indexing it to 2011 U.S. dollar. The new method proposes setting poverty line at $1.78 per day on 2011 PPP basis. According to this revised World Bank methodology, India had 179.6 million people below the new poverty line, China had 137.6 million, and the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line on an equivalent basis as of 2013. India, in other words, while having 17.5% of total world's population, had 20.6% share of world's poor.

Semi-economic measures of poverty

 

Other measures such as the semi-economic Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which places 33% weight on education and number of schooling years in its definition of poverty, and places 6.25% weight on income and assets owned, suggests there were 650 million people (53.7% of population) living in MPI-poverty in India. 421 million of MPI-defined poor are concentrated in eight North Indian and East Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The table below presents this semi-economic poverty among the states of India based on the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index, using a small sample survey data for Indian states in 2005.

 

OTHER ESTIMATES

According to a 2011 poverty Development Goals Report, as many as 320 million people in India and China are expected to come out of extreme poverty in the next four years, with India's poverty rate projected to drop from 51% in 1990 to about 22% in 2015. The report also indicates that in Southern Asia, only India is on track to cut poverty by half by the 2015 target date.

 

GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX

Global Hunger Index (GHI) is an index that places a third of weight on proportion of the population that is estimated to be undernourished, a third on the estimated prevalence of low body weight to height ratio in children younger than five, and remaining third weight on the proportion of children dying before the age of five for any reason. According to 2011 GHI report, India has improved its performance by 22% in 20 years, from 30.4 to 23.7 over 1990 to 2011 period. However, its performance from 2001 to 2011 has shown little progress, with just 3% improvement.

 

CAUSES

One cause is a high population growth rate, although demographers generally agree that this is a symptom rather than cause of poverty. While services and industry have grown at double-digit figures, agriculture growth rate has dropped from 4.8% to 2%. About 60% of the population is employed in agriculture whereas the contribution of agriculture to the GDP is about 18%. The surplus of labour in agriculture has caused many people to not have jobs. Farmers are a large vote bank and use their votes to resist reallocation of land for higher-income industrial project.

 

REDUCTION OF POVERTY

Since the early 1950s, Indian government initiated various schemes to help the poor attain self-sufficiency in food production. These have included ration cards and price controls over the supply of basic commodities, particularly food at controlled prices, available throughout the country. These efforts prevented famines, but did little to eliminate or reduce poverty in rural or urban areas between 1950 and 1980.

 

One of the main reasons for record decline in Poverty is India's rapid economic growth rate since 1991. Another reason proposed is India's launch of social welfare programs such as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Midday Meal Scheme in Government Schools.[citation needed] Klonner and Oldiges, in a 2012 study, conclude that MGNREGA helps reduce rural poverty gap (intensity of rural poverty), seasonal poverty, but not overall poverty.

 

WIKIPEDIA

Panel 5: Ice Limitation Methodology: POLARIS Review. Moderator: Mr. Michael Kingston, IMO Consultant

The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe

Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory

 

2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory

Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits

 

3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings

The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe

 

Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes

 

Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc

B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"

C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex

E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics

H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification

 

Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.

The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence

Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity

  

1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development

2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy

3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy

4. Philosophy and science and technology

5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy

6. Philosophy and society

7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.

8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy

9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature

10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy

11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system

12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions

13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species

14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos

15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system

16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society

Human survival and restriction threshold

17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?

18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem

19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe

20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.

(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.

Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

*************************************************************************

Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels

1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel

Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe

 

2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie

Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif

 

3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains

La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers

 

Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés

 

Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux

B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"

C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe

E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro

H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification

 

Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.

Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine

La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif

   

 Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels

1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной

Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры

 

2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория

Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит

 

3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.

Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной

 

Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.

 

Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги

B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"

C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс

E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики

H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение

 

Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.

Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом

Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность

  

 Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels

1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums

Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie

 

2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie

Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen

 

3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen

Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums

 

Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene

 

Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens

B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"

C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex

E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften

H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung

 

Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.

Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz

Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.

Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork

  

哲學革命哲學綱領提要--自然哲學和理性哲學----- 方瑞達（Smith）自然哲學經典著作精要（2016v3.6全球手機版 中英雙語版）編譯：Wels

①世界變革與自然宇宙的多維變化演變

星球社會綜合 論 自然宇宙生滅論 自然哲學理性結構論 自然世界多維雜化複變結構論

 

②人類社會發展生息論 自由理性結構主義論 生物物種社會生存模式模態結構演化論 雜化邏輯定義邏輯論

聚化提純邏輯和思維 自然語言軌道 形式語言軌道和雜化邏輯混成演繹語言軌道 思維的自然結構方式論

 

③哲學革命的三性論 多體論，多維論-引導引領世界和人類的指路明燈

哲學的革命 哲學的三維多維結構 意識和神經系統的雙向和多項結構 萬物之宗的認識論方法論思維結構

 

AA語言的雜化軌道 高級神經系統的進化和雜化軌道 神經細胞和基因的躍遷 高級神經活動基因

 

神經反射弧的超導結構

B《自然宇宙論-物質-物種-生命-粒子-人類及其社會發展概論 《 自然宇宙體系結構和超旋矢域場》

C.自然宇宙的多向性多維性物質，精神，存在，意識，物種，生命，第三體，第四體生物D.物種進化繁衍的一般性和特殊耦合性和自然物質的普遍性和永恆性

E.宇宙自然結構的泛化複變有序無序混沌F. 生命物種和自然宇宙特殊物種在自然宇宙的位置人類在自然宇宙的位置和自然歷史程序G 宇宙和粒子宇宙-物質-物種-粒子-生命-超微性和超宏性超特性

H.人類社會-生命高級智慧物種的誕生和演變衍化 M.宇宙的起源和未來 數理哲學和積化與純化

 

即使沒有人類，自然宇宙的星球和物質依舊會自然運動。自然宇宙本質上和人類以及一切生物活性物種並不是絕對關聯。人類再偉大也不過是滄海一粟。人類畢竟是高級智慧動物物種而已，異想天開地認為生物物種可以超越地球，超越月球，超越火星，超越太陽，超越銀河，那麼人類就真正變成天神天仙了。當然，人類的智慧和創造力是驚天動地的，不可否認。 N.地球物理學，地球化學，地球生物學，地球生物化學在大宇宙中的廣延性以及局限性和特殊性。

O科學和技術的偉大作用 科學技術和人類智能的局限性和有限性之關聯

物質性。自然性。物種性。生物性。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間質，包括隱形質體），聚化複變泛函無窮

1.哲學的歷史與發展哲學的本質

2.現代哲學的廣度，深度和影響力

3.世界哲學的各種學校和學校

4.哲學和科學技術

5.哲學與宗教，宗教哲學

6.哲學與社會

7.哲學與政治，經濟，文化，軍事，技術等之間的聯繫。

8.哲學的幾個主要命題認知等級偏差和思維結構的變化

9.哲學與宇宙，​​自然

10。哲學的基本原理，大腦的高神經活動閾值和基因冗餘

11.哲學的革命哲學的三維多維結構意識和神經系統的雙向和多重結構宇宙的認識論方法論

12.重要性。自然。種類。生物。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間體，包括看不見的質體），綜合複雜的功能無限

13.自然宇宙 - 粒子 - 中間體 - 生物 - 物質和物種的分裂和整合

14.自然界的多維性，有序無序混沌的進化複雜變換

15.人類意識和大腦的高水平神經運動進展以及自然和生物群落的生物社會基礎和活動。人類晚期神經系統的閾值

16.自然進展人類進化和未來變化人類社會和行星社會的特徵

人類生存和限制門檻

17.宇宙的變化以及宇宙的起點和終點都將為零，太陽系和地球會被毀滅嗎？

18.人類社會中的一切都將存在或崩潰。物理定理的時域和永恆

19.物質物種生命體高級智慧生命 - 歷史計劃和宇宙過程的必要性

20.銀河係是太陽系外的同質性或異質性

(原稿系方瑞達（史密斯）重要哲學著作精要手稿，經原作者反复校審修改後審定。現經作者同意，翻譯多語對照版本，供廣大讀者閱讀。

編譯Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

 

The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe

Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory

 

2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory

Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits

 

3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings

The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe

 

Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes

 

Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc

B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"

C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex

E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics

H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification

 

Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.

The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence

Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity

  

1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development

2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy

3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy

4. Philosophy and science and technology

5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy

6. Philosophy and society

7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.

8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy

9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature

10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy

11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system

12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions

13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species

14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos

15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system

16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society

Human survival and restriction threshold

17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?

18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem

19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe

20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.

(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.

Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

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Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels

1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel

Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe

 

2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie

Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif

 

3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains

La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers

 

Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés

 

Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux

B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"

C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe

E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro

H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification

 

Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.

Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine

La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif

   

 Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels

1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной

Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры

 

2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория

Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит

 

3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.

Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной

 

Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.

 

Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги

B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"

C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс

E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики

H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение

 

Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.

Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом

Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность

  

 Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels

1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums

Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie

 

2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie

Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen

 

3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen

Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums

 

Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene

 

Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens

B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"

C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex

E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften

H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung

 

Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.

Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz

Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit

 

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Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.

Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork

  

哲學革命哲學綱領提要--自然哲學和理性哲學----- 方瑞達（Smith）自然哲學經典著作精要（2016v3.6全球手機版 中英雙語版）編譯：Wels

①世界變革與自然宇宙的多維變化演變

星球社會綜合 論 自然宇宙生滅論 自然哲學理性結構論 自然世界多維雜化複變結構論

 

②人類社會發展生息論 自由理性結構主義論 生物物種社會生存模式模態結構演化論 雜化邏輯定義邏輯論

聚化提純邏輯和思維 自然語言軌道 形式語言軌道和雜化邏輯混成演繹語言軌道 思維的自然結構方式論

 

③哲學革命的三性論 多體論，多維論-引導引領世界和人類的指路明燈

哲學的革命 哲學的三維多維結構 意識和神經系統的雙向和多項結構 萬物之宗的認識論方法論思維結構

 

AA語言的雜化軌道 高級神經系統的進化和雜化軌道 神經細胞和基因的躍遷 高級神經活動基因

 

神經反射弧的超導結構

B《自然宇宙論-物質-物種-生命-粒子-人類及其社會發展概論 《 自然宇宙體系結構和超旋矢域場》

C.自然宇宙的多向性多維性物質，精神，存在，意識，物種，生命，第三體，第四體生物D.物種進化繁衍的一般性和特殊耦合性和自然物質的普遍性和永恆性

E.宇宙自然結構的泛化複變有序無序混沌F. 生命物種和自然宇宙特殊物種在自然宇宙的位置人類在自然宇宙的位置和自然歷史程序G 宇宙和粒子宇宙-物質-物種-粒子-生命-超微性和超宏性超特性

H.人類社會-生命高級智慧物種的誕生和演變衍化 M.宇宙的起源和未來 數理哲學和積化與純化

 

即使沒有人類，自然宇宙的星球和物質依舊會自然運動。自然宇宙本質上和人類以及一切生物活性物種並不是絕對關聯。人類再偉大也不過是滄海一粟。人類畢竟是高級智慧動物物種而已，異想天開地認為生物物種可以超越地球，超越月球，超越火星，超越太陽，超越銀河，那麼人類就真正變成天神天仙了。當然，人類的智慧和創造力是驚天動地的，不可否認。 N.地球物理學，地球化學，地球生物學，地球生物化學在大宇宙中的廣延性以及局限性和特殊性。

O科學和技術的偉大作用 科學技術和人類智能的局限性和有限性之關聯

物質性。自然性。物種性。生物性。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間質，包括隱形質體），聚化複變泛函無窮

1.哲學的歷史與發展哲學的本質

2.現代哲學的廣度，深度和影響力

3.世界哲學的各種學校和學校

4.哲學和科學技術

5.哲學與宗教，宗教哲學

6.哲學與社會

7.哲學與政治，經濟，文化，軍事，技術等之間的聯繫。

8.哲學的幾個主要命題認知等級偏差和思維結構的變化

9.哲學與宇宙，​​自然

10。哲學的基本原理，大腦的高神經活動閾值和基因冗餘

11.哲學的革命哲學的三維多維結構意識和神經系統的雙向和多重結構宇宙的認識論方法論

12.重要性。自然。種類。生物。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間體，包括看不見的質體），綜合複雜的功能無限

13.自然宇宙 - 粒子 - 中間體 - 生物 - 物質和物種的分裂和整合

14.自然界的多維性，有序無序混沌的進化複雜變換

15.人類意識和大腦的高水平神經運動進展以及自然和生物群落的生物社會基礎和活動。人類晚期神經系統的閾值

16.自然進展人類進化和未來變化人類社會和行星社會的特徵

人類生存和限制門檻

17.宇宙的變化以及宇宙的起點和終點都將為零，太陽系和地球會被毀滅嗎？

18.人類社會中的一切都將存在或崩潰。物理定理的時域和永恆

19.物質物種生命體高級智慧生命 - 歷史計劃和宇宙過程的必要性

20.銀河係是太陽系外的同質性或異質性

(原稿系方瑞達（史密斯）重要哲學著作精要手稿，經原作者反复校審修改後審定。現經作者同意，翻譯多語對照版本，供廣大讀者閱讀。

編譯Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)

 

streetartnyc.org/blog/2019/01/26/methodology-continues-at...

In addition to nonnative fish removal, the New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office recently aquired full responsiblity for all augmentation efforts related to Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker. With the assistance of partners, NMFWCO annually stocks 400,00 age-0 Colorado pikeminnow and 12,000 razorback sucker. Various stocking methodologies including acclimatization of fish to a variety of conditions (i.e. river flow, temperatures, settling of blood chemistry post transport) are being utilized in an attempt to increase retention of stocked fish.

USFWS photo. www.fws.gov/southwest/fisheries/nmfwco/

Augustus receiving the surrender of barbarians.

 

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

 

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

 

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

 

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

 

Preferred Citation: Kuttner, Ann L. Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus: The Case of the Boscoreale Cups. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1995 1995. ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft309nb1mw/

  

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Conclusion: The Boscoreale Cups and Roman Art

  

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Conclusion:

The Boscoreale Cups and Roman Art

I should like to do two things here. One is to sum up the major art-historical findings of this study, as the last chapter commented on its historical findings. The other is to speak directly about my own methodology as a Roman art historian; this might seem to be more appropriate in an introduction to a study of this kind, but I feel that only the reader who has absorbed at least some of this work will be critically equipped to judge the efficacy and clarity of my approach. Its first principle is simply to ask of any period, What works of art existed, and what did they look like? So much has been lost, and lost permanently beyond all hope of retrieval; thus all fragments, hints, and indications become, like the BR cups, extremely valuable. Although it is difficult to keep always in mind an imaginative construct to supplement the poor reality of the tangible remains, the rewards of such effort are considerable. For instance, Eck stresses how the arrangement of inscriptions, often all we have left of ancient dedications, can indicate the basic structure of the lost statuary above; his point seems simple, but he was the first to consider in this light inscriptions known for over fifty years and to reconstruct from its base an actual monument of the kind long postulated as prototype for the famous Puteoli base of Tiberius (figs. 47, 62)[1]

 

The reader will have noted throughout a concern with the relationship of spectator to object, in terms of the intent of the original designer(s) and patron(s) who engendered Roman images, with regard to the audiences whom they wished to comprehend these images' didactic content and to appreciate their esthetic structures. In visual, as in verbal, communication, true comprehension depends on a shared language of forms and symbols; an iconographer must, like a historian, strive to the best of her necessarily limited powers to reconstruct the relevant prior experience and assump-

  

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tions of the persons whose perceptions she investigates. This truism is very seldom made explicit. I stand here behind T. Hölscher's unparalleled 1984 essay on the question of the Publikum for the state monuments we seek to interpret today, though I am more optimistic that one can know something of audiences besides those of the elite "senatorial" level. This optimism—though austere and limited—is founded on the principle of the lowest common denominator, the value of badly made and/or mass-produced, relatively cheap artifacts. I believe that the basic symbolic language available to classes other than the elite can be discerned in the often drastically simplified elements of "high" ideology and iconography that make it onto the crude glass pastes that crowd the back pages of gem catalogues, onto matrix-stamped military armament decoration, onto Arretine ware pottery molds, and so forth. Obviously, I also believe that numismatic designs were very often intended to disseminate legible imagery for political purposes, that the state coinage did indeed function as a vehicle for political propaganda directed toward the uneducated, as well as educated, classes; I also think these messages were usually obvious and simple.

 

I have been speaking of audiences and messages in the plural. A natural consequence of the multiple stratifications of society in the Roman Empire was a differentiation of culture and a variation in cultural sophistication among different classes, peoples, and regions in the Empire. It is also plain that the most capable Roman patrons were (like Greeks before them) interested in creating monuments and images that spoke to more than one segment of society and that had more than one symbolic message. To describe this quality in a work of art, multi- or polyvalency is a common image usefully borrowed from the vocabulary of atomic structure. I find useful the notion of resonance, transferred from the realm of musical effects to the world of artifacts. As the striking of a piano key produces a sound with multiple tones, so the impact of the Gemma Augustea (fig. 16) or Arch of Constantine on thoughtful vision sets off not a unitary impression but a series of related multiple impressions; the proximity and/or prior existence of related monuments known to the spectator weaves a kind of web of associations comparable to the resonant effects produced by the proximity of other strings to the piano key actually struck.

 

The danger in reconstructing the original resonances of an extant monument is that one will read into the work messages not intended for the original Roman audience. One can so easily become oversubtle, assert too much rather than too little. There are two brakes on exegetical speed-

  

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ing; first, to be explicit and knowledgeable about the historical audience postulated for an artifact; second, always to look for parallels to show that the reading one proposes was at least possible in a given context. Truisms again, but not always appreciated or observed. Only multiple occurrences of a given symbol or form justify the assertion of a pattern of action, whether formal (style) or symbolic (iconography). One needs also a plausible hypothesis to account for such patterns: one must try to document the means by which an artist or his audience could have seen the images by which they are held to have been influenced, and this takes one back to the question of a given audience and the imagery accessible to it. To cite a classic instance, it is often asserted that the architectural form of the Ara Pacis deliberately echoes that of the Athenian Altar of Pity. If true, the quote can have been expected to be legible only to the elite, who would have traveled to Athens, not to the Roman plebs; on the other hand all segments of the urban population can be expected to have recognized the parallel with the Januum, one of the oldest, most prestigious, and most central of all sanctuaries in the capital.

 

I have acknowledged my debt to the investigative approach formulated by Hölscher. I have gained much from the implicit and explicit definitions developed by many others of what evidence is relevant to interpreting Roman political art. It should be clear by now that often I find myself in the company of the contemporary German art historians Zanker, Simon, Fittschen, et al., asking similar questions of similar material; asked to assign myself to a "school," I should name also the Italians, F. Coarelli and M. Torelli. My real debt to Coarelli's efforts to understand artistic production in terms of patronage and the politically charged architectural geography of Rome is obscured here by the fact that this work explores mainly imperial, rather than Republican, art. Even where I disagree with Torelli's conclusions, I have tried to keep in mind the imperative heading his essays on Roman historical relief: Roman narrative and commemorative art can be illuminated by Roman texts, but they must be texts with a cognate function. Finally, in all projects I have ever undertaken with regard to Roman art, I am in debt to Otto Brendel's Prolegomena to the Study of Roman Art (New Haven, 1979): his definitions of the essential questions asked (and not asked) of Roman art and his vision of multiple lines of development separated by medium and genre have irrevocably marked my own perceptions of Roman images.

 

The consequences of holding to these tenets are evident in my readings of the Boscoreale Cups and of many other monuments besides. The Boscoreale Cups, and the monument from which they were copied, have been

  

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demonstrated primarily on political grounds to be works of Augustus' reign, specifically of the period between Tiberius' triumph in 8/7 B.C. and his exile in 6 B.C. Now firmly dated, these panels are important to the stylistic history of Roman relief; they illuminate the early occurrence not only of stock figures common in the later canon but of experiments with complex figure groupings and the depiction of "space" that are not usually associated with Augustan art. No aspect of compositional structure in these panels is discordant with the date reached on iconographic grounds; the three-beat structure of the allegory BR I:1, for instance, is typical of classicizing Augustan work in many media. Indeed, if it were absolutely necessary, the pieces could be plausibly dated between the Ara Pacis (13-9 B.C.) and the Gemma Augustea (A.D. 10–14) purely by stylistic analysis. I have discussed at many points the formal congruence of the cups with the Ara Pacis; the Gemma Augustea's upper register has compositional structures very similar to the BR audience scenes and displays a different, but no less complex, exploration of the alignment of figures in space (fig. 16). The "dating" value of the Ara Pacis is as a public sculptural monument exemplifying the best work of the court ateliers; the Gemma Augustea indicates a familiarity on its artist's part with monuments on a similar scale, for radical stylistic (as opposed to iconographic) experimentation is not to be expected of any gem cutter's workshop.

 

This book has tried to explain, as completely as possible, the imagery of the Boscoreale Cups. The listing of parallels as a mode of scholarship is mere antiquarianism if it is seen as an end and not as a means; inevitably, some of my "lists" have remained at this level, but these investigations have always tried to ask the primary questions What does image X signify, why is it used, and what is it doing on the Boscoreale Cups? In the search for a compelling argument I have tried to cast my net as wide as possible, to bring forward all relevant available evidence from textual and visual sources; my lapses will, I hope, be corrected by others in the same benevolent spirit of argument in which I have critiqued the interpretations of the scholars whose work fed mine.

 

The effort to explain generated many tangents and thematic excursuses. The process of explanation works both ways: images adduced to explain the BR cups are themselves illuminated by the process of explanatory ordering. Thus the cups prove to be valuable points of comparison for understanding many other works, under two main headings: the modes of policy and propaganda that much Roman art was intended to serve, and the complex patterns of form, temporality, and causation with which Roman narrative and commemorative arts concerned themselves as pri-

  

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mary objects of artistic endeavor. The purview of the book ranges from the earliest to the latest products of the Roman city-state, from terracotta pediments erected by nameless Republican nobiles to the monuments of the generals contesting and defending the late Empire; it takes in the Anaglypha Traiani and the Hadrianeum, the Ludovisi sarcophagus and the arches of Galerius and Constantine, the Beneventum Arch of Trajan, the Throne of Claudius and the Puteoli base, cuirass statues famous (Primaporta, Cherchel) and obscure (Castello d'Aglie, Amphipolis), famous and not-so-famous cameos, Arretine ware, military decoration, the imperial fora and the Aphrodisias Sebasteion, the cenotaph of Gaius at Limyra and of Drusus at Mainz . . .

 

The central contribution of this book to Roman art history is, I hope, a better understanding of Augustan artistic production, reached in the process of embedding the BR cup panels firmly in the high road of the Augustan monumental tradition. This enlarged understanding has two aspects. First, these investigations have radically enlarged and deepened our knowledge and comprehension of many individual works of art and coin images. The monument most significantly illuminated in this way is that marble microcosmos the Ara Pacis Augustae, especially in regard to its celebration of the worldwide Roman imperium and the imperial nature of Augustus' pax; for it is now clear beyond a shadow of a doubt that children of foreign rulers march in the processions of the Ara Pacis, and I have tried to stress the importance of others' findings that the peoples of empire were personified on the inner altar. Hardly another aspect of the Ara Pacis, whether of iconography, temporal or conceptual structure, landscape or relief style, cannot benefit from comparative analysis of the BR cups.[2]

 

Second, these investigations have significantly expanded our knowledge of specific Augustan artistic genres and themes. One can now be much more specific about that acknowledged phenomenon, the paradigmatic influence of Augustan monuments and imagery on later imperial artistic production. No longer will it be possible to contemplate Hadrianic ethnic personification groups in ignorance of the many Augustan examples, their Republican roots, and their Julio-Claudian "offspring"; the seated togate statue will not be a mysterious, ill-considered figure type; no longer will the great Flavian and second-century achievements in historical relief seem to have arisen from a near vacuum. At the same time, the book has tried to show how the Augustan production was itself grounded in Republican political and creative culture, even as Augustus' artists draw on all the resources of their Classical and Hellenistic heritage to put an Augustan stamp on this latest phase of Republican culture.

  

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This widened perspective strengthens the appreciation of certain themes as peculiarly Augustan. For instance, the observable Augustan interest in images of children, especially very little children, is exemplified by BR I; this theme seems to be consciously evoked only and to a limited extent in Trajanic art, although the institution (alimenta ) with which it is there associated was important politically both under Trajan's predecessor Domitian and his successor Hadrian. Under both headings, individual monuments and genres, our understanding of the self-images that Augustus sought to promulgate has been enhanced. The parameters often ascribed to the terms of his self-glorification have been permanently broadened: the public Augustus must now include the Jupiter-consul of BR I:1, who joins the naked, heroized Augustus of (lost) commemorative statuary whom Zanker, Coarelli, and others have stubbornly brought to our attention in recent years.

 

Comprehensive stylistic comparison with the extant canon of Republican and Julio-Claudian art has not been my aim. Now that the BR cups are more firmly dated, such comparison becomes possible; one can hope to see them enter broader discussions of Roman relief style. In closing I would like to comment on an artistic aspect of BR I:1 not previously discussed that may illustrate the inherent possibilities of such comparative analysis for enlarging our appreciation of Augustan art in general.

 

On BR I:1 in the allegory of Augustus' world rule Venus is about to "make" the Curia Actium Victory group (cf. fig. 20). Mars too is about to "make" a sculpture group, of a type well documented in the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods (see pp. 41f); a class of honorific monuments in Rome showed a Roman magistrate standing or seated in the midst of a group of personifications of peoples or communities whom he had benefited. In the implied narrative here, once Mars brings up his group and they range themselves before the emperor, such a grouping will come to pass. The viewer's full appreciation of the narrative is conditional upon his knowledge of such public monuments. It was by now commonplace in Greco-Roman art to show the performance of simple acts of construction such as the decking of a trophy or the inscribing of an honorific shield by a goddess. It seems, however, to be a mark of Augustan political art that narrative at all levels, physical and symbolic, should so often be structured by such visual puns.

 

This characteristic indicates a high level of sophistication on the part of the artist and the audience expected to appreciate and relish such an aspect; it also assumes a high degree of familiarity with prominent individual examples of official monuments. This kind of narrative-visual structure

  

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can be observed on the Augustan Arcus Novus panel (fig. 12), where Amor floats through the air toward Venus' shoulder, intending to land there, as on the Ravenna relief (fig. 8), where his legs still kick in the air. It is also evident on the Belvedere altar's main panel (fig. 11); between the two laurel trees of Augustus' Palatine abode Victory floats to earth to place Augustus' clipeus virtutis on its pillar, as it appeared in the Curia.[3] And it structures the literal narrative of the bottom half of the Gemma Augustea (fig. 16), as well as the symbolic narrative of the entire cameo. In the lower exergue a trophy group is being put together—soldiers haul up the central wooden post, a captive barbarian couple are already positioned at its foot on the left, as another pair of soldiers haul over a man and woman meant to flank the post on the right, to build a Roman trophy group of classic type known from countless representations in art and probably enacted in actual triumphal parades. The soldiers at left heave the main tree toward Augustus as Tiberius overhead moves down toward him in the upper panel along a converging path; the strong sense of two dynamic lines of motion converging simultaneously on Augustus, in the two fields/worlds on the cameo, is conceptually very like the BR panel, where the two surges of motion occur within a single panel. (The lower exergue as an isolated unit has a structure parallel to the cup panel: motion from the sides toward the center.) This parallelism already sets up a symbolic narrative that is given more definite shape in the implied "future" when the trophy will be exactly between Augustus (note the position of its foot) and Tiberius, who will be immediately before him—emperor and heir aligned on a "real" historical axis of victory.

 

Presented with such compositions, the viewer gets double for his money: he gets the composition as it exists, a glimpse of figures in action aligned in a meaningful pattern, and he is also given an evocation of an alignment that is about to evolve out of the one that he sees. This implicit second alignment not only extends the symbolic message he can read but also anchors the artistic construct he sees to other artistic constructs he already knows; because the mind is tugged toward the familiar composition just over the temporal horizon, these tableaux are given a real temporal dynamism.

 

Self-conscious artistic reference to other works of art is a well-known hallmark of Hellenistic and Roman literary art. In the visual arts it operates at a basic level in all iconographic correspondence, as in the individual figures and pairings of the BR allegory. It has not, however, been noted before as operating at the narrative level and in a temporal dimension, as here in these Augustan pieces.[4] The Boscoreale Cups testify that even if

  

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written discourse on art was mainly limited (as in Pliny) to "Old Masters," at least some Romans some of the time noticed and enjoyed the contemporary products of Augustus' sculptors. And the kind of visual game just outlined is further proof that we are not different from the Romans of 7 B.C. in giving serious attention to and finding pleasure in the world of Augustan art.

  

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Conclusion: The Boscoreale Cups and Roman Art

    

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Preferred Citation: Kuttner, Ann L. Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus: The Case of the Boscoreale Cups. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1995 1995. ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft309nb1mw/

 

_MG_3422. Contrary to belief of some people, Monks inside a Buddhist Monastry are not only engaged in meditation and prayers , there they also get all the necessary education for them to be comfortable in outside world. Apart from maths and science they also learn languages ( three languages in Nepal ) including english. Here these two teacher Monks are discussing the timetables of classes and breaks so that the students are comfortable in receiving knowledge. Kathmandu, Nepal.

Entre 29 de agosto e 1 de setembro de 2022, na sede do NIC.br em São Paulo, o Cetic.br|NIC.br|CGI.br promoveu evento coorganizado pela Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (ENCE) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O evento contou com uma série de webinars com palestrantes renomados que expuseram práticas inovadoras para produção e uso de dados.

 

(Fotos:Ricardo Matsukawa/Divulgação NIC.br)

This image was taken to document a methodology I have written about in a different context here.

 

This participative ranking methodology involves having participants free-list priority concerns, indicators of well-being, etc. After free-listing, participants choose every day objects to represent the items on the list, and then rank them from most to least important.

 

Gambella Town, Ethiopia

 

14) why methodological decisions are indispensable

Over 30 experts from 12 Caribbean countries and various organizations convened in Nassau, Bahamas for the first Regional Workshop on Recreational Fisheries Data and Statistics. The three-day workshop which ran June 20-22 focused on capacity building to increase the collection of recreational fisheries data in the region. Such data can help inform sustainable fisheries management in all fishery sectors at national and regional scales.

 

This workshop is the 6th meeting of the joint WECAFC/CRFM/OSPESCA/CFMC[1] Working Group on Recreational Fisheries. All participants, including members of this regional expert Working Group, will be updated on other recreational fishery data collection efforts, successes of citizen science initiatives from other regions and the latest regional developments in digital data capture from fisheries. An informed participatory approach will then guide the expected future implementation of digital data capture methodologies in recreational and other fishery sectors of the Caribbean.

 

The workshop was supported by several industry stakeholders including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

 

PHOTOS: © FAO/Delreese Grant and © FAO/ Debbie Abangntuen

For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the top image below.

 

This is the last set of test shots with the S1R, taken with a Leica 50mm f/1.4 Summilux-M lens. This is a classic Leica lens that will probably never go out of style. Compared to the Leica 50mm f/2 Summicron-M, and later, the Leica 50mm f/2 APO Summicron-M, the 50 lux has always been considered a little soft, but rendering a very smooth and pleasing bokeh, and really good for portraits.

 

But then the Leica 50mm f/0.95 Noctilux lenses became the bokeh king, the the 50 lux took a back seat. At one point, I used to have all the three fast 50mm Leica M lenses, the 50 lux, the 50 APO and 50 Noctilux. Eventually, I got tired of the soft images of the Noctilux and sold it, especially after I could tell no big difference between the Leica and the $700 Mitakon Zhongyi Speedmaster 50mm f/0.95.

 

But I always kept the 50 lux, along with the 50 APO. On my Leica M9 and M240 bodies, it was fine, but on the 36+ MP Sony bodies (A7R, A7R II, A7R III), the lens was always a bit soft, not as sharp as the 50 APO. There was a faster fall off towards the edges and corners.

 

I had read somewhere that although for this lens was never given the "APO" designation, it was nevertheless an apochromatic design. At the low resolution fo the Leica M cameras, that could never be really seen, and on the Sony A7x cameras, even with the 50mm focal length, there was a definite acute ray angle issue that made the lens soft at the corners and edges until f/8. In comparison, the 50 APO looked pretty decent by f/5.6 on my A7R III, in comparison.

 

So all these years, I had simply assumed the 50 lux as a softer version of the 50 APO, and the 50 APO as the razor sharp lens.

 

So I was amazed to see how the 50 lux performed on the Panasonic S1R. Here is a look at actual pixels at a 100% magnification from the bottom right corner of the frame. The long cardboard boxes were propped against the wall at an angle, and I did not have my camera perfectly parallel to the surface of the boxes or the lake in the corner.

 

So there is a bit of a fade right towards the edge of the frame that is more owing to the sensor not being square with the plane of the subject, than due to any fall out. The text at the top of the label, where it starts saying WIDETONE is very sharp and the contrast is excellent.

 

At f/1.4 right at the extreme corner of a 47 MP image file, this is very impressive, far better than I had ever imagined possible with the 50 lux. I never saw such high IQ at the extreme corners from any of the Leica rangefinder cameras, like the M9, M240 or M10.

 

I am really excited at the prospect of this lens + camera combination.

 

Entre 29 de agosto e 1 de setembro de 2022, na sede do NIC.br em São Paulo, o Cetic.br|NIC.br|CGI.br promoveu evento coorganizado pela Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (ENCE) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O evento contou com uma série de webinars com palestrantes renomados que expuseram práticas inovadoras para produção e uso de dados.

 

(Fotos:Ricardo Matsukawa/Divulgação NIC.br)