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Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 437,994. In 2013, the population was estimated to be 448,479. It is the most populous city in Virginia as well as the 39th most populous in the United States.
Located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Beach is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. This area, known as "America's First Region", also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads.
Virginia Beach is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along its oceanfront. Every year the city hosts the East Coast Surfing Championships as well as the North American Sand Soccer Championship, a beach soccer tournament. It is also home to several state parks, several long-protected beach areas, three military bases, a number of large corporations, two universities, International headquarters and site of the television broadcast studios for Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), and numerous historic sites. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists, who eventually settled in Jamestown, on April 26, 1607.
The city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel complex in the world.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Located between Andy Kerr Stadium and Beyer-Small '76 Field, Tailgate is an event for reunion during Homecoming Weekend.
Photo by Zoe Zhong '17
Read more at www.colgate/edu/homecoming.
Located at 1099 Lincoln Ave. in the Willow Glen area of San Jose.
Building designed by Millard Sheets. Mosaic murals - a collaboration between Sheets and Denis O'Connor.
Original building permit dates to 1972.
Ideally located around Saint Germain Des Pres and the Latin Quarter to discover the famous Paris Art galleries, antique shops and finest designers boutiques.
www.hoosta.com/france/hotel-d%e2%80%99aubusson/?lang=en
Hoosta Style Hotels Collection : the coolest travel website for modern urban nomads. Dream and book directly with your independant hotelier !
Located on the north side of the Old Princes Hwy, this group of buildings was demolished before 2009.
Located in Terminal 2 just beyond security, the Family Lounge at O'Hare Airport offers a designated space for kids to play. There’s colorful seating along with device charging stations and, for those traveling with an infant, there’s stroller parking, too. There is live entertainment at various times throughout the year, especially during the holiday season., featuring musicians, caricature artists and more.
Provincetown is a New England town located at the extreme tip of Cape Cod in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States.
Sometimes called "P-town" the town is known for its beaches, harbor, artists, tourist industry, and its status as a vacation destination of gay men and lesbians.
Though the Pilgrims chose to settle across the bay in Plymouth, they landed first in America in Provincetown and In 1620, the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact when they arrived at the harbor. The Pilgrims are honored with The Pilgrim Monument, and museum as well as at the Bradford Street Bas-Relief Park, which commemorates Signing the Compact.
For more on Provincetown visit
Video
Cape Cod, Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA
08-18-2012
Italien / Toskana - Lucca
Piazza dell'Anfiteatro
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka]) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957.
Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D. and the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 1300s.
The city is also the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Toponymy
By the Romans, Lucca was known as Luca. From more recent and concrete toponymic studies, the name Lucca has references that lead to "sacred grove" (Latin: lucus), "to cut" (Latin: lucare) and "luminous space" (leuk, a term used by the first European populations). The origin apparently refers to a wooded area deforested to make room for light or to a clearing located on a river island of Serchio debris, in the middle of wooded areas.
History
Antiquity
The territory of present-day Lucca was certainly settled by the Etruscans, having also traces of a probable earlier Ligurian presence (called Luk meaning "marsh", which has already been speculated as a possible origin for the city's name), dating from 3rd century BC. However, it was only with the arrival of the Romans, that the area took on the appearance of a real town, obtaining the status of a Roman colony in 180 BC, and transformed into a town hall in 89 BC.
The rectangular grid of its historical centre preserves the Roman street plan, and the Piazza San Michele occupies the site of the ancient forum. The outline of the Roman amphitheatre is still seen in the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, and the outline of a Roman theater is visible in Piazza Sant'Augostino. Fragments of the Roman-era walls are incorporated into the church of Santa Maria della Rosa.
At the Lucca Conference, in 56 BC, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus reaffirmed their political alliance known as the First Triumvirate.
Middle Ages
Frediano, an Irish monk, was bishop of Lucca in the early sixth century. At one point, Lucca was plundered by Odoacer, the first Germanic King of Italy. Lucca was an important city and fortress even in the sixth century, when Narses besieged it for several months in 553. From 576 to 797, under the Lombards, it was the capital of a duchy, known as Ducato di Tuscia, which included a large part of today's Tuscany and the province of Viterbo, during this time the city also minted its own coins. The Holy Face of Lucca (or Volto Santo), a major relic supposedly carved by Nicodemus, arrived in 742.
Among the population that inhabited Lucca in the medieval era, there was also a significant presence of Jews. The first mention of their presence in the city is from a document from the year 859. The jewish community was led by the Kalonymos family (which later became a major component of proto-Ashkenazic Jewry).
Thanks above all to the Holy Face and to the relics of important saints, such as San Regolo and Saint Fridianus, the city was one of the main destinations of the Via Francigena, the major pilgrimage route to Rome from the north.
The Lucca cloth was a silk fabric that was woven with gold or silver threads. It was a popular type of textile in Lucca throughout the mediaeval period.
Lucca became prosperous through the silk trade that began in the eleventh century, and came to rival the silks of Byzantium. During the tenth–eleventh centuries Lucca was the capital of the feudal margraviate of Tuscany, more or less independent but owing nominal allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor.
In 1057, Anselm of Baggio (later Pope Alexander II) was appointed bishop of Lucca, a position he held also during the papacy. As bishop of Lucca he managed to rebuild the patrimony of the Church of Lucca, recovering alienated assets, obtaining numerous donations thanks to his prestige, and had the Cathedral of the city rebuilt. From 1073 to 1086, the bishop of Lucca was his nephew Anselm II, a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy.
During the High Middle Ages, one of the most illustrious dynasties of Lucca was the noble Allucingoli family, who managed to forge strong ties with the Church. Among the family members were Ubaldo Allucingoli, who was elected to the Papacy as Pope Lucius III in 1181, and the Cardinals Gerardo Allucingoli and Uberto Allucingoli.
After the death of Matilda of Tuscany, the city began to constitute itself an independent commune with a charter in 1160. For almost 500 years, Lucca remained an independent republic. There were many minor provinces in the region between southern Liguria and northern Tuscany dominated by the Malaspina; Tuscany in this time was a part of feudal Europe. Dante’s Divine Comedy includes many references to the great feudal families who had huge jurisdictions with administrative and judicial rights. Dante spent some of his exile in Lucca.
In 1273 and again in 1277, Lucca was ruled by a Guelph capitano del popolo (captain of the people) named Luchetto Gattilusio. In 1314, internal discord allowed Uguccione della Faggiuola of Pisa to make himself lord of Lucca. The Lucchesi expelled him two years later, and handed over the city to another condottiero, Castruccio Castracani, under whose rule it became a leading state in central Italy. Lucca rivalled Florence until Castracani's death in 1328. On 22 and 23 September 1325, in the battle of Altopascio, Castracani defeated Florence's Guelphs. For this he was nominated by Louis IV the Bavarian to become duke of Lucca. Castracani's tomb is in the church of San Francesco. His biography is Machiavelli's third famous book on political rule.
Occupied by the troops of Louis of Bavaria, the city was sold to a rich Genoese, Gherardino Spinola, then seized by John, king of Bohemia. Pawned to the Rossi of Parma, by them it was ceded to Mastino II della Scala of Verona, sold to the Florentines, surrendered to the Pisans, and then nominally liberated by the emperor Charles IV and governed by his vicar.
In 1408, Lucca hosted a convocation organized by Pope Gregory XII with his cardinals intended to end the schism in the papacy.
Lucca managed, at first as a democracy, and after 1628 as an oligarchy, to maintain its independence alongside of Venice and Genoa, and painted the word Libertas on its banner until the French Revolution in 1789.
Early modern period
Lucca had been the second largest Italian city state (after Venice) with a republican constitution ("comune") to remain independent over the centuries.
Between 1799 and 1800, it was contested by the French and Austrian armies. Finally the French prevailed and granted a democratic constitution in the 1801. However, already in 1805 the Republic of Lucca was converted into a monarchy by Napoleon, who installed his sister Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi as "Princess of Lucca".
From 1815 to 1847, it was a Bourbon-Parma duchy. The only reigning dukes of Lucca were Maria Luisa of Spain, who was succeeded by her son Charles II, Duke of Parma in 1824. Meanwhile, the Duchy of Parma had been assigned for life to Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, the second wife of Napoleon. In accordance with the Treaty of Vienna (1815), upon the death of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma in 1847, Parma reverted to Charles II, Duke of Parma, while Lucca lost independence and was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. As part of Tuscany, it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860 and finally part of the Italian State in 1861.
World War II internment camp
In 1942, during World War II, a prisoner-of-war camp was established at the village of Colle di Compito, in the municipality of Capannori, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Lucca. Its official number was P.G. (prigionieri di guerra) 60, and it was usually referred to as PG 60 Lucca. Although it never had permanent structures and accommodation consisted of tents in an area prone to flooding, it housed more than 3,000 British and Commonwealth prisoners of war during the period of its existence. It was handed over to the Germans on 10 September 1943, not long after the signing of the Italian armistice. During the Italian Social Republic, as a puppet state of the Germans, political prisoners, foreigners, common law prisoners and Jews were interned there, and it functioned as a concentration camp. In June 1944, the prisoners were moved to Bagni di Lucca.
Culture
Lucca is the birthplace of composers Giacomo Puccini (La Bohème and Madama Butterfly), Nicolao Dorati, Francesco Geminiani, Gioseffo Guami, Luigi Boccherini, and Alfredo Catalani. It is also the birthplace of artist Benedetto Brandimarte. Since 2004, Lucca is home to IMT Lucca, a public research institution and a selective graduate school and part of the Superior Graduate Schools in Italy (Grandes écoles).
Events
Lucca hosts the annual Lucca Summer Festival. The 2006 edition featured live performances by Eric Clapton, Placebo, Massive Attack, Roger Waters, Tracy Chapman, and Santana at the Piazza Napoleone.
Lucca hosts the annual Lucca Comics and Games festival, Europe's largest festival for comics, movies, games and related subjects.
Other events include:
Lucca Film Festival
Lucca Digital Photography Fest
Procession of Santa Croce, on 13 September. Costume procession through the town's roads.
Lucca Jazz Donna
Moreover, Lucca hosts Lucca Biennale Cartasia, an international biennial contemporary art exhibition focusing solely on Paper Art.
Film and television
Mauro Bolognini's 1958 film Giovani mariti, with Sylva Koscina, is set and was filmed in Lucca.
Top Gear filmed the third episode of the 17th season here.
Architecture
Lucca is also known for its marble deposits. After a fire in the early 1900s, the West Wing of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario was rebuilt with marble sourced in Lucca. The floor mosaic in the West Wing was hand-laid and is constructed entirely of Italian, Lucca marble.
Main sights
Walls, streets, and squares
The walls encircling the old town remain intact, even though the city has expanded and been modernised, which is unusual for cities in this region. These walls were built initially as a defensive rampart which, after losing their military importance, became a pedestrian promenade (the Passeggiata delle Mure Urbane) atop the walls which not only links the Bastions of Santa Croce, San Frediano, San Martino, San Pietro/Battisti, San Salvatore, La Libertà/Cairoli, San Regolo, San Colombano, Santa Maria, San Paolino/Catalani and San Donato but also passes over the gates (Porte) of San Donato, Santa Maria, San Jacopo, Elisa, San Pietro, and Sant'Anna. Each of the four principal sides of the structure is lined with a tree species different from the others.
The walled city is encircled by Piazzale Boccherini, Viale Lazzaro Papi, Viale Carlo Del Prete, Piazzale Martiri della Libertà, Via Batoni, Viale Agostino Marti, Viale G. Marconi (vide Guglielmo Marconi), Piazza Don A. Mei, Viale Pacini, Viale Giusti, Piazza Curtatone, Piazzale Ricasoli, Viale Ricasoli, Piazza Risorgimento (vide Risorgimento), and Viale Giosuè Carducci.
The town includes a number of public squares, most notably the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, (site of the ancient Roman amphitheater), the Piazzale Verdi, the Piazza Napoleone, and the Piazza San Michele.
Palaces, villas, houses, offices, and museums
Ducal Palace: built on the site of Castruccio Castracani's fortress. Construction was begun by Ammannati in 1577–1582 and continued by Juvarra in the eighteenth century
Pfanner Palace
Villa Garzoni, noted for its water gardens
Casa di Puccini: House of the opera composer, at the nearby Torre del Lago, where the composer spent his summers. A Puccini opera festival takes place every July–August
Torre delle Ore: ("The Clock Tower")
Guinigi Tower and House: Panoramic view from tower-top balcony with oak trees
National Museum of Villa Guinigi
National Museum of Palazzo Mansi
Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca: botanical garden dating from 1820
Academy of Sciences (1584)
Teatro del Giglio: nineteenth-century opera house
Churches
There are many medieval, a few as old as the eighth century, basilica-form churches with richly arcaded façades and campaniles
Duomo di San Martino: St Martin's Cathedral
San Michele in Foro: Romanesque church
San Giusto: Romanesque church
Basilica di San Frediano
SanSan Romano, Luccat'Alessandro an example of medieval classicism
Santa Giulia: Lombard church rebuilt in thirteenth century
San Michele: church at Antraccoli, founded in 777, it was enlarged and rebuilt in the twelfth century with the introduction of a sixteenth-century portico
San Giorgio church in the locality of Brancoli, built in the late twelfth century has a bell tower in Lombard-Romanesque style, the interior houses a massive ambo (1194) with four columns mounted on lion sculptures, a highly decorated Romanesque octagonal baptismal fount, and the altar is supported by six small columns with human figures
San Lorenzo di Moriano, a 12th century Romanesque style parish church
San Romano, erected by the Dominican order in the second half of the 13th century, is today a deconsecrated Roman Catholic Church located on Piazza San Romano in the center of Lucca
Museums
Museo della Cattedrale
Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca
(Wikipedia)
Piazza dell'Anfiteatro is a public square in the northeast quadrant of the walled center of Lucca, region of Tuscany, Italy. The ring of buildings surrounding the square follows the elliptical shape of the former second century Roman amphitheater of Lucca. The square can be reached through four gateways located at the four vertices of the ellipse. A cross is carved into the central tile of the square with the arms pointing to the four gateways of the square.
History
The base of the former amphitheater (dating back to the 1st or 2nd century BC) is now some 3 meters below the ground surface.
At its peak about 18 rows of amphitheater seats held some 10,000 spectators. Now at its place is an urban square (piazza) surrounded by private residences built using the remaining structures of the Amphitheatre, which are occupied by several outdoor cafes. This piazza was created in 1830 by the architect Lorenzo Nottolini by razing some of the buildings inside the oval. It was originally refurbished to be a marketplace.
(Wikipedia)
Lucca (in der Antike: Luca) ist die Hauptstadt der Provinz Lucca in der Toskana mit 90.055 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2019). Sie liegt im Tal des Flusses Serchio etwa 20 km nordöstlich von Pisa und 20 km östlich der toskanischen Küste. Im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert zählte Lucca zu den einflussreichsten europäischen Städten. Große Bedeutung hatte insbesondere die Textilindustrie. Die großen Plätze, die romanischen Kirchen und die mittelalterlichen Türme zeugen von der einstigen Bedeutung dieser Stadt. Ihre von vier Toren durchbrochenen Befestigungsanlagen wurden 1504 begonnen und 1645 fertiggestellt. Die heute noch gut erhaltenen Anlagen, die lange zu den bemerkenswertesten in Italien zählten, tragen eine von Bäumen gesäumte Promenade um den Stadtkern.
Geschichte
Antike bis Renaissance
Das antike etruskische Lucca, das das Tal des Serchio beherrschte, findet erstmals Erwähnung beim Historiker Livius als der Ort, wohin sich Sempronius 218 v. Chr. vor Hannibal zurückzog; es gibt Zweifel an der Korrektheit von Livius’ Feststellung, denn obwohl es kontinuierlich Kriege mit den Ligurern gab, wird Lucca erst 180 v. Chr. erneut genannt. Damals wurde Lucca gleichzeitig mit Pisa (ebenfalls 180) und Luna (177) als römische Kolonie gegründet, um die Herrschaft der bis dahin in diesem Raum ansässigen Apuaner endgültig brechen zu können und das Land für Rom in Besitz zu nehmen. Durch die Lex Julia von 90 v. Chr. muss es ein municipium geworden sein; hier hielt Julius Caesar 56 v. Chr. seine berühmte Besprechung mit Pompeius und Crassus. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gehörte Lucca noch zu Ligurien, nicht zu Etrurien. Wenig später wurde hier durch das Triumvirat oder durch Octavian eine Kolonie geführt, ob nach der Schlacht von Philippi oder nach der von Actium ist unklar.
In der augusteischen Unterteilung Italiens wurde Lucca der siebten Region (Etruria) zugeordnet. Aus der Periode des Kaiserreichs ist wenig bekannt, außer dass es eine Kreuzung der Straßen nach Florentia (siehe Via Clodia), Luna und Pisae war. Obwohl es von Odoaker geplündert und eines Teils seines Territoriums beraubt wurde, erscheint Lucca zur Zeit von Narses, der es 553 drei Monate lang belagerte, als wichtige Stadt und Festung. Unter den Langobarden war Lucca die Residenz eines Herzogs oder Markgrafen, welche das Münzprivileg hatte. Die Herzöge erweiterten ihre Macht allmählich auf die ganze Toskana, aber nach dem Tod der berühmten Matilda begann sich die Stadt als unabhängige Kommune zu konstituieren. 1160 erhielt sie vom bayerischen Herzog und toskanischen Markgrafen Welf VI. im Gegenzug für einen jährlichen Tribut die Herrschaft über ein Territorium um die Stadt. Der Reichtum und Einfluss der Stadt Lucca im 13. Jahrhundert basierte zu einem großen Teil auf ihrer Textilindustrie.
Innere Uneinigkeit gab Uguccione della Faggiola, mit dem Dante einige Zeit dort verbrachte, Gelegenheit, sich 1314 zum Herrn von Lucca zu machen, aber die Lucchesi verstießen ihn zwei Jahre später und übergaben die Stadt an Castruccio Castracani, unter dessen geschickter Tyrannei sie für kurze Zeit bis zu seinem Tod 1328 – sein Grab befindet sich in der Kirche San Francesco – die führende Stadt Italiens wurde.
Von den Truppen Ludwigs des Bayern besetzt, an den reichen Genueser Gheradino Spinola verkauft, vom böhmischen König Johann besetzt, an die Rossi aus Parma verpfändet, von denen an Mastino della Scala aus Verona abgetreten, an die Florentiner verkauft, an die Pisaner übergeben, nominell befreit von Kaiser Karl IV. und von seinem Vikar regiert, gelang es Lucca, ab 1369 zuerst als Demokratie, nach 1628 als patrizisch-aristokratische Oligarchie, seine Unabhängigkeit als Stadtrepublik neben Venedig und Genua zu behaupten. Bis zur Französischen Revolution schrieb es das Wort Libertas auf seine Fahnen. Die politischen Wirren des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts wurden von Dante in seinem Werk thematisiert, so führt Leeck (2007) anhand der Fallbeispiele Alessio Interminelli, Bonturo Dati und Bonagiunta aus.
Ab dem 16. Jahrhundert
Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts unternahm einer seiner führenden Bürger, Francesco Burlamacchi, einen Versuch, Italien politischen Zusammenhalt zu verleihen, er fiel aber auf dem Schafott; sein Denkmal von Ulisse Cambi wurde 1863 auf der Piazza San Michele aufgestellt.
Durch die militärische Macht der siegreichen französischen Revolutionsarmeen, die die österreichische Oberherrschaft über Italien beendeten, wurde die Republik Lucca 1799/1800 gezwungen, eine moderne „Demokratie“ nach französischem Muster und in völliger Abhängigkeit vom Frankreich Napoleon Bonapartes einzuführen (Lucchesische Republik). Im Juni 1805 dekretierte der unterdessen zum Kaiser der Franzosen und zum König von Italien proklamierte Napoleon Bonaparte die Abschaffung der Republik, die stattdessen zugunsten seiner Schwester Elisa und ihres Ehemanns Félix Baciocchi zum Fürstentum Lucca umgebildet wurde. Lucca wurde im Zuge des Sturzes Napoleons 1814 kurzfristig von neapolitanischen, dann von österreichischen Truppen besetzt. Auf dem Wiener Kongress, der 1814/15 über die Neuordnung Europas entschied, wurde der kleine, aber wohlhabende Staat Lucca zur Verschiebe- und Entschädigungsmasse für dynastische und machtpolitische Interessen. Das Kaisertum Österreich verweigerte damals – trotz des ansonsten von ihm hochgehaltenen dynastischen Legitimitätsprinzips – dem bourbonischen Herzog von Parma die Rückkehr in dessen Hauptstädte Parma und Piacenza, die auf Lebenszeit als Versorgungsgebiet für Napoleons Ehefrau, die ehemalige französische Kaiserin Marie Louise († 1847), eine Tochter von Franz I., vorgesehen wurden. Die parmesischen Bourbonen sollten, solange Marie Louise lebte, stattdessen mit der ehemaligen Republik Lucca als Herzogtum entschädigt werden, das allerdings nach einem Überwechseln der Bourbonen nach Parma und Piacenza an das habsburgische Großherzogtum Toskana (und damit in den Einflussbereich Österreichs) fallen sollte. Nach längerem Widerstand des Hauses Bourbon-Parma, das darin (vergeblich) vom eng verwandten spanischen König Ferdinand VII. unterstützt wurde, trat Ferdinands Schwester Maria Luisa (die unter Napoleon zeitweilig Königin und Regentin des in der Toskana gebildeten „Königreiches Etrurien“ gewesen war), im November 1817 die Herrschaft als Herzogin von Lucca an. Mit ihrem Tode 1824 folgte ihr Sohn Karl Ludwig († 1883), der ehemalige Kind-König von Etrurien. Dieser verzichtete aufgrund der sich verschärfenden innenpolitischen Lage im Vorfeld der Revolution von 1848/49 jedoch im Oktober 1847 schon vor dem Tode der parmesisch-habsburgischen Herrscherin Marie Louise zugunsten des Großherzogs der Toskana auf die Regierung in Lucca. Das Herzogtum bildete seither einen Teil der Toskana, mit der es im Laufe des Risorgimento 1859/61 zunächst an Sardinien, dann an den neuen Einheitsstaat Italien angeschlossen wurde.
Wirtschaft
Lucca war früher ein Zentrum der Luxusstoffindustrie. Berühmt war die Stadt unter anderem für ihre Seide, deren Farbenpracht in Europa als unübertroffen galt.[3] Politische Unruhen zu Beginn des 14. Jahrhunderts führten dazu, dass viele Luccheser Färber und Seidenweber nach Venedig flohen. Die Stadt Venedig bot den Flüchtlingen großzügig Asyl und finanzielle Hilfe an, allerdings unter der Bedingung, dass sie in Venedig ihr Gewerbe praktizierten. Die Luccheser Zunftgesetze sahen zwar den Tod für alle Bürger vor, die ihr Textilhandwerk außerhalb der Stadtmauern praktizierten, angesichts ihrer finanziellen Lage nahmen jedoch viele Luccheser Handwerker die venezianischen Bedingungen an.
Begonnen um 1300, ist die Papierindustrie seit vielen Jahren eine der wichtigsten Säulen für die Wirtschaft der gesamten Provinz. Hinzu kommt für Lucca unter anderem der Fremdenverkehr, die chemische, pharmazeutische und mechanische Industrie.
Sehenswürdigkeiten
Das rechtwinklige Straßennetz im historischen Zentrum lässt noch die Struktur der römischen Anlage erkennen. Die antike Stadtmauer verlief entlang der heutigen Straßen Via San Giorgio/A. Mordini – Via dell’Angelo Custode/della Rosa – Corso Garibaldi – Via della Cittadella/Galli Tassi. Das Forum befand sich am Kreuzungspunkt von Cardo und Decumanus, seit dem Mittelalter die Piazza San Michele. Im Namen der Kirche San Michele in Foro lebt dieses römische Erbe bis in unsere Zeit fort.
Lucca ist reich an Sehenswürdigkeiten und daher auch touristisch von großem Interesse. Das historische Zentrum stand von 2006 bis 2021 auf der Welterbe-Tentativliste, dann wurde die Kandidatur entweder zurückgezogen oder von der UNESCO abgelehnt.
Mit mehr als 200.000 Besuchern ist Lucca Comics & Games ist die zweitgrößte Comicbuch- und Gaming-Messe der Welt.
Das Geburtshaus des Komponisten Giacomo Puccini beherbergt heute ein Museum. Der italienische Staat hat das Haus – zusammen mit den Museums-Geburtshäusern von Gioachino Rossini und Giuseppe Verdi – mit dem Europäischen Kulturerbe-Siegel ausgezeichnet (nach dem alten System bis 2010).
Stadtmauer und Stadttore
Das womöglich beeindruckendste Bauwerk der Stadt ist die vollständig erhaltene Stadtmauer von Lucca, italienisch Mura di Lucca. Ihr Ursprung liegt im Mittelalter, als sie im 12./13. Jahrhundert die römische Mauer ablöste, um im Nordosten die Borghi San Frediano, San Pietro Somaldi und Santa Mari Forisportam mit einzuschließen. Der nächsten, eher marginalen Erweiterung folgte 1504 – 1648 der Ausbau zur Stadtmauer, wie sie sich heute darbietet: 4,2 km lang, mit 11 Bastionen und 12 Kurtinen. Das Kuriose: Die Mauer wurde nie wirklich zur Verteidigung gebraucht. Immerhin bewahrte sie ganz Lucca vor der Überschwemmung durch das Hochwasser 1812. Maria Luisa von Bourbon-Spanien, 1815 – 1824 Herzogin von Lucca, ließ auf der Mauer eine Promenade errichten und die Bastionen und Außenbereiche begrünen. Sowohl der Spazierweg als auch die Grünflächen sind äußerst beliebte Areale für sportliche Aktivitäten und Veranstaltungen.
Beim Ausbau der Mauer waren ursprünglich nur drei Stadttore vorgesehen: die Porta di Santa Maria im Norden, die Porta di San Donato im Nordwesten und die Porta di San Pietro im Südwesten. Der Ostteil erhielt erst 1804 ein Tor. Es heißt nach seiner Erbauerin, der Fürstin von Lucca Elisa Bonaparte, Porta Elisa. Zwei weitere Torbauten, die Porta San Jacopo im Nordosten und die Porta Sant‘Anna im Westen sind jüngeren Datums. Die mittelalterliche Stadtmauer hatte ebenfalls vier Stadttore. Die beiden heute noch erhaltenen, die Porta San Gervasio (oder Portone dell‘Anunziata) und die Porta dei Borghi, befinden sich jetzt innerhalb des Mauerrings.
(Wikpedia)
Die Piazza dell’Anfiteatro, auch kurz Piazza Anfiteatro, ist ein öffentlicher Platz in der Stadt Lucca in der Region Toskana, Italien. Die für historische Plätze ungewöhnliche Ellipsenform ist auf seine ursprüngliche Bestimmung zurückzuführen: ein von den Römern erbautes Amphitheater.
Lage und Beschreibung
Die Piazza dell’Anfiteatro liegt im Stadtzentrum innerhalb des Stadtmauerrings aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, angrenzend an die Einkaufsstraße Via Fillungo und unweit der romanischen Kirche San Frediano.
Die etwas über 3000 m² große Freifläche deckt das Areal einer antiken römischen Arena ab. Sie ist umbaut mit Häusern unterschiedlicher Höhe, die in hellen Natur- und Gelbtönen gestrichen sind und für die Region typische grüne Fensterläden aufweisen. Die gleichmäßig angeordneten Rundbögen sind Zeugnisse des ehemaligen Publikumsbereichs, der Cavea. So spiegelt das Ensemble auch heute noch die charakteristische elliptische Form eines römischen Amphitheaters wider. Der Platz zeigt eine rundum geschlossene Bauweise und ist nur durch die vier größten Rundbögen zugänglich. Diese befinden sich an den Enden der ca. 75 m langen Längsachse und der ca. 50 m langen Querachse. Der Eingangsbogen an der Ostseite, der einzige antike römische, ist breiter und niedriger als die drei anderen. Ursprünglich muss er deutlich höher gewesen sein, als das Niveau des Amphitheaters noch etwa 3 Meter unter dem heutigen lag. Ein in die zentrale Bodenplatte graviertes Kreuz markiert die Achsen und verweist auf die vier Eingangstore.
Geschichte
Vor der Umgestaltung
Im späten 1. oder frühen 2. Jahrhundert errichteten die Römer ein Amphitheater außerhalb ihrer ummauerten Siedlung Colonia Luca. Die Stadtmauer existierte seit ca. 180 v. Chr., das römische Forum lebt heute noch mit der Piazza San Michele und der nach dem zentralen Platz benannten Kirche San Michele in Foro weiter. Über 55 auf Pfeilern ruhenden Bögen gab es eine weitere Reihe von versetzt dazu angeordneten Bögen. Sie stützten die Cavea, die ihrerseits aus 20 Stufen bestand und etwa 10.000 Zuschauern Platz bot. In diesem eher kleinen Amphitheater wurden Pferderennen und Gladiatorenkämpfe ausgetragen. An den Außenmauern des Platzes ist die Struktur des antiken Bauwerks teilweise noch erkennbar.
Die Stadt Luca war für die Römer von großer strategischer Bedeutung, denn sie diente als Bollwerk gegen die „barbarischen“ Angriffe aus dem Norden. Im 5. Jahrhundert jedoch besetzten die Goten die Stadt, etwas später die Byzantiner. Es folgten die Langobarden und Karolinger – und mit ihnen das Christentum. Alles Römische verfiel und wurde als Steinbruch benutzt. An der Stelle der Arena des Amphitheaters richtete man einen öffentlichen Ort für Zusammenkünfte ein und nannte ihn „Parlascio“ (im Zusammenhang mit dem italienischen Wort „parlare“ für sprechen). Den wertvollen Carrara-Marmor verwendete man für den Bau der Kirchen San Frediano, Sant’Alessandro und Santa Maria Forisportam. In den Ruinen wurde um das Jahr 1000 das Gefängnis „Carceri del Sasso“, dem Namen nach unterirdisch, eingerichtet. Nach dessen Verlegung diente das Bauwerk u. a. als Lagerstätte für Salz und Salpeter – bis um 1800 ein Schlachthof einzog.
Von der Umgestaltung bis heute
1819 legte der Luccheser Architekt Lorenzo Nottolini seiner Auftraggeberin, der Herzogin Maria Luisa, einen Plan zur Umgestaltung des Areals vor. Auf Anraten des einflussreichen Agronoms Cosimo Ridolfi hatte er darauf das Amphitheater wieder erkennbar gemacht. Für den künftigen Lebensmittelmarkt sollte die zentrale Fläche von Gärten und kleinen Bauten freigeräumt und der bereits etablierte Fleischhandel mit einbezogen werden. Nach der Erteilung des Motu proprio vom 16. August 1830 begannen die Arbeiten; der erste Markt auf der neuen Piazza del Mercato fand am 1. Oktober 1839 statt. Carlo Lodovico, Sohn und Nachfolger von Maria Luisa, hatte damit den städtischen Markt von der Piazza San Michele hierher verlegt.
Nach dem erneuten Umzug des Marktes etwa ein Jahrhundert später – in die umgebaute Kirche Santa Maria del Carmine am gleichnamigen Platz, als Mercato del Carmine – verfiel der Arenaplatz beinahe. In den 1970er-Jahren wurde er jedoch vollständig saniert und ist heute einer der beliebtesten Plätze für Ausstellungen, Konzerte, Festivals und andere Veranstaltungen. In den Bauten befinden sich Privatwohnungen, Restaurants, Bars und Souvenirläden. Der Platz zählt zu den meistbesuchten Sehenswürdigkeiten von Lucca.
(Wikipedia)
Located on Pillsbury Crossing Road in rural southeastern Riley County, the old Chris Barr Cabin was built at some point before 1863. It was discovered, built into another house, in 1962, when the exterior house was demolished.
Located a few blocks to the south of Bến Thành Market at 97A Phó Đức Chính, Nguyễn Thái Bình, the Ho Chi Minh Fine Arts Museum is housed in a lovely French Colonial Mansion. It houses some lovely pieces that highlight Vietnamese artists. Especially noteworthy are the pieces that focus on the horror of war and the exquisite beauty of the Vietnamese people and their countryside.
The kanchi Kailasanathar temple is the oldest structure in Kanchipuram. Located in Tamil Nadu, India, it is a Hindu temple in the Dravidian architectural style. It is dedicated to the Lord Shiva, and is known for its historical importance. The temple was built from 685-705AD by a Rajasimha ruler of the Pallava Dynasty. The low-slung sandstone compound contains a large number of carvings, including many half-animal deities which were popular during the early Dravidian architectural period. The structure contains 58 small shrines which are dedicated to various forms of Shiva. These are built into niches on the inner face of the high compound wall of the circumambulatory passage. The temple is one the most prominent tourist attractions of the city.
GEOGRAPHY
The temple is located on the banks of the Vedavathi River at the western limits of the Kanchipuram. It faces east. Its location, demarcated according to the religious faiths, is in one of three "Kanchis", the Shiva Kanchi; the other two Kanchis are, Vishnu Kanchi and Jain Kanchi. It is 75 kilometres from the Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. Kailasanathar is one of several notable temples in Kanchipuram, the others being Ekambaranatha, Kachapeshwarar, Kamakshi Amman, Kumarakottam Temple, and Varadaraja Perumal.
HISTORY
The Kailasanathar Temple (meaning:“Lord of the Cosmic Mountain”), is built in the tradition of Smartha worship of Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Surya (Sun), Ganapathi and Kartikeya, in Hinduism, a practice which replaced the Buddhism.
Temple construction is credited to the Pallava dynasty, who had established their kingdom with Kanchipuram (also known as "Kanchi" or "Shiva Vishnu Kanchi") as the capital city, considered one of the seven sacred cities under Hinduism. There was an interregnum when the Chalukya rulers defeated the Pallavas and occupied Kanchipuram. However, the Pallavas regained their territory and started expanding their capital city of Kanchipuram and built many temples of great magnificence. The only temple of this period which is extant is the Kailsahanathar Temple.
The temple was built during 685-705AD. It is the first structural temple built in South India by Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha), and who is also known as Rajasimha Pallaveswaram. His son, Mahendravarman III, completed the front façade and the gopuram (tower). Prior temples were either built of wood or hewn into rock faces in caves or on boulders, as seen in Mahabalipuram. The Kailasanathar temple became the trend setter for other similar temples in South India. According to local belief, the temple was a safe sanctuary for the rulers of the kingdom during wars. A secret tunnel, built by the kings, was used as an escape route and is still visible.
The temple has gone by other names such as Kachipettu Periya Thirukatrali (meaning: Stone Temple of Kachipettu, the old name for the present day Kanchipuram) when Rajaraja Chola I of the Chola Dynasty paid a visit to this temple. Inspired by the architecture of this temple, he built the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur. Currently, Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple is maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.
ARCHITECTURE
The temple has retained the Pallava architecture in its original stylized form with influence of the later styles developed by the Chola Dynasty and Vijayanagara Emperors. It is of stone built architecture unlike the rock cut architecture built into hallowed caves or carved into rock outcrops as in Mahabalipuram. The tall gopuram (tower) is to the left and the temple complex is to the right. The temple's foundations are made of granite, which could withstand the weight of the temple, while the super structure including the carvings are all made of sandstone. Initially, only the main sanctuary existed with pyramidal vimana and a detached mandapa (main hall). The temple complex is complete in all respects as it has garbagriha (sanctum sanctorum), antarala (inner enclosure), mandapa, a high compound wall, and an entrance gate, the gopuram. The mandapa, which was initially detached, was made part of the main shrine by interposing an ardhamantapa (smaller hall). The pillars of the mandapa have the repetitive features of mythical lion mounts.The structure has a simple layout with a tower or shikara at the center of the complex. The shikara of the temple, above the main shrine (sanctum sanctorum), is square in plan and rises up in a curvilinear style or pyramidal shape. The tower has many levels rising proportionately. At the top of this tower, there is a small roof in the shape of a dome. The pillar elements with mythical animal shapes (lions on the base) are extra features in Pallava style. At the entrance, the gopuram walls are plastered. Its entrance wall has eight small shrines and a gopura, precursor to the main gopura. At some later stage, the mandapa and the sanctuary were joined by an intermediate hall called the ardhamantapa, which is reported to have marred the beauty of the temple to some extent. The temple is enclosed within walls in a rectangular layout.
SHRINES
The main shrine has a 16 sided Shivalinga in black granite stone deified in the sanctum sanctorum. Within the walls of the main shrine there is padabhanda adhisthana (main pedestal) with very elegantly carved images of gods with a sculpted Nandi, a little distance away giving guard to the deity. On each face of the outer walls of the main shrine there are many carvings of gods and goddesses. In the south facing wall the sculpture depicts Shiva as Umamaheshavara with Varaha (incarnation of Vishnu as a boar) raising the linga, flanked by Brahma and Vishnu and flying amaras at the lower level. The west facing hall has sculptures of Shiva in the form of Sandhya Tandavamurti and Urdhava Tandvamurti and the ensemble is completed with images of ganas in dancing poses and also with images of Brahma, Vishnu, Nandi and Parvathi. The carving of Shiva on the north facing wall is a composition of Tripurantaka flanked by three ganas, goddess Durga with three ganas, and Bhairavi, Kaushiki and Jyestha. The exterior faces of the vimana (tower) have images of Bhikshatana, Somaskanda and Shiva in Samhara-Tandava (destructive dancing) pose. In the inner walls of the prakara (circumabulatory passage) there is galaxy of images of Durga, Skanda, Bhavati, Tripurantaka, Garudarudha-Vishnu, Asura Samhara (slaying of demons), Narasimha Vishnu (Vishnu in the incarnation of lion faced man), Trivikrama, Shiva Tandava (Shiva in a dancing pose), Shiva severing the fifth head of Brahma, desecration of Yagna of Daksha, Brahma and his wife, Gangadhara, Urdhava tandava, Vishnu flanked by Bhudevi and Sridevi, Lingodhbava (emergence of linga), Bhikshatana, Ravana, and Vali offering prayers to Atmalinga Chandikeshvara. Vimana's south facing wall has very elegant image of Shiva in a sitting posture of peace and quietude known as Dakhshinamurti, and its west wall has Shiva in the form of Lingodhbava.
The tower has multiple shrines embodied on all its external faces which have the appearance of miniature shrines. These shrines have three features, the sala (rectangular), kuta (square) and panjara (apsidal) styles. Eight small shrines also decorate the entrance wall. The 58 small shrines are built into the niches of the compound wall that encloses the main shrine; they depict Somaskanada reliefs of Shiva and his consort Parvathi in many dance forms.
OTHER FEATURES
The outstanding feature of sculptures is the profusion of depiction of the erect lions projecting out in several directions. There are two sculptures of Shiva here which are seen holding the Veena (musical string instrument) in the hand. There is a lot of difference between the Veena found in the said sculptures and the present day Veena. There are also beautiful sculptures of Mathahvialasa Prakshanam. The temple also has the earliest stone inscription records of the twenty eight Saivagamas (Shaiva saints) in which the Pallava King Rajasimhavarman states his faith in Shaivism. The murals on the inner walls are well preserved.
CIRCUMAMBULATORY PASSAGE
A circumambulatory passage, with a symbolic meaning is situated along the compound wall. In order to make the circumambulation, there is a narrow entry passage which devotees must crawl through. Seven steps must be climbed in order to reach the passage. Passing through the narrow passage is indicative of passage through life. After the circumambulation, the exit is through a pit or another narrow passage symbolic of death. It is believed that making the circumambulation round the various deities would usher the same blessings as visiting paradise.
FESTIVAL
Maha Shivaratri is the biggest festival held in the temple when thousand of devotees throng the temple in the evening hours to offer prayers to the main deity.
WIKIPEDIA
Located in South Portland, ME, this place was a great find. A small restaurant with devoted patronage, the food is inexpensive, ample, and delicious.
Mehrangarh Fort (Hindi: मेहरानगढ़ का किला) (Sindhi: مهراڻ ڳڙهه), located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, is one of the largest forts in India. Built around 1460 by Rao Jodha, the fort is situated 125 m above the city and is enclosed by imposing thick walls. Inside its boundaries there are several palaces known for their intricate carvings and expansive courtyards. A winding road leads to and from the city below. The imprints of cannonball hits by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate. To the left of the fort is the chhatri of Kirat Singh Soda, a soldier who fell on the spot defending the Mehrangarh fort.
There are seven gates, which include Jayapol (meaning 'victory'), built by Maharaja Man Singh to commemorate his victories over Jaipur and Bikaner armies. Fattehpol (also meaning 'victory') gate was built by Maharaja Ajit Singh to mark the defeat of the Mughals. The palm imprints upon these still attract much attention it is very proudes for rao rajputs.
Rao is brahmbhatt jagirdar clan of rao jodha. Rao is rajputs and in gujarat they calls "barot" and rao saheb.
The museum in the Mehrangarh fort is one of the most well-stocked museums in Rajasthan. In one section of the fort museum there is a selection of old royal palanquins, including the elaborate domed gilt Mahadol palanquin which was won in a battle from the Governor of Gujarat in 1730. The museum exhibits the heritage of the Rathores in arms, costumes, paintings and decorated period rooms.
HISTORY OF MEHRANGARH
Rao Jodha, the chief of the Rathore clan, is credited with the origin of Jodhpur in India. He founded Jodhpur in 1459 (Jodhpur was previously known as Marwar). He was one of Ranmal's 24 sons became the fifteenth Rathore ruler. One year after his accession to the throne, Jodha decided to move his capital to the safer location of Jodhpur, as the one thousand years old Mandore fort was no longer considered to provide sufficient security.
With the trusted aid of Rao Nara (son of Rao Samra), the Mewar forces were subdued at Mandore. With that, Rao Jodha gave Rao Nara the title of Diwan. With the help of Rao Nara, the foundation of the fort was laid on 1/ May 1459 by Jodha on a rocky hill 9 kilometres to the south of Mandore. This hill was known as Bhaurcheeria, the mountain of birds. According to legend to build the fort he had to displace the hill's sole human occupant, a hermit called Cheeria Nathji, the lord of birds. Upset at being forced to move Cheeria Nathji cursed Rao Jodha with "Jodha! May your citadel ever suffer a scarcity of water!". Rao Jodha managed to appease the hermit by building a house and a temple in the fort very near the cave the hermit had used for meditation, though only to the extent that even today the area is plagued by a drought every 3 to 4 years. Jodha then took an extreme measure to ensure that the new site proved propitious; he buried a man called "Raja Ram Meghwal" alive in the foundations. "Raja Ram Meghwal" was promised that in return his family would be looked after by the Rathores. To this day his descendants still live in Raj Bagh, "Raja Ram Meghwal's" Garden, an estate bequeathed them by Jodha.
Mehrangarh (etymology: 'Mihir' (Sanskrit) -sun or Sun-deity; 'garh' (Sanskrit)-fort; i.e.'Sun-fort'); according to Rajasthani language pronunciation conventions,'Mihirgarh' has changed to 'Mehrangarh'; the Sun-deity has been the chief deity of the Rathore dynasty. Though the fortress was originally started in 1459 by Rao Jodha, founder of Jodhpur, most of the fort which stands today dates from the period of Jaswant Singh of Marwar (1638–78). The fort is located at the centre of the city spreading over 5 kilometres on top of a high hill. Its walls, which are up to 36 metres high and 21 metres wide, protect some of the most beautiful and historic palaces in Rajasthan.
Entry to the fort is gained though a series of seven gates. The most famous of the gates are:
- Jai Pol ("Gate of Victory"), built by Maharaja Man Singh in 1806 to celebrate his victory in a war with Jaipur and Bikaner.
- Fateh Pol, built to celebrate a victory over the Mughals in 1707;
- Dedh Kamgra Pol, which still bears the scars of bombardment by cannonballs;
- Loha Pol, which is the final gate into the main part of the fort complex. Immediately to the left are the handprints (sati marks) of the ranis who in 1843 immolated themselves on the funeral pyre of their husband, Maharaja Man Singh.
Within the fort are several brilliantly crafted and decorated palaces. These include, Moti Mahal (Pearl Palace), Phool Mahal (Flower Palace), Sheesha Mahal (Mirror Palace), Sileh Khana and Daulat Khana. The museum houses a collection of palanquins, howdahs, royal cradles, miniatures, musical instruments, costumes and furniture. The ramparts of the fort house preserved old cannon (including the famous Kilkila), and provided a breath-taking view of the city.
GALLERIES IN MEHRANGARH MUSEUM
ELEPHANT´S HOWDAHS
The howdahs were a kind of two-compartment wooden seat (mostly covered with gold and silver embossed sheets), which were fastened onto the elephant's back. The front compartment, with more leg space and a raised protective metal sheet, was meant for kings or royalty, and the rear smaller one for a reliable bodyguard disguised as a fly-whisk attendant.
PALANQUINS
Palanquins were a popular means of travel and circumambulation for the ladies of the nobility up to the second quarter of the 20th century. They were also used by male nobility and royals on special occasions.
DAULAT KHANA - TREASURES OF MEHRANGARH MUSEUM
This gallery displays one of the most important and best preserved collections of fine and applied arts of the Mughal period of Indian history, during which the Rathore rulers of Jodhpur maintained close links with the Mughal emperors. It also has the remains of Emperor Akbar.
ARMOURY
This gallery displays a rare collection of armour from every period in Jodhpur. On display are sword hilts in jade, silver, rhino horn, ivory, shields studded with rubies, emeralds and pearls and guns with gold and silver work on the barrels. The gallery also has on display the personal swords of many emperors, among them outstanding historical piece like the Khaanda of Rao Jodha, weighing over 3 kg, the sword of Akbar the Great and the sword of Timur.
PAINTINGS
This Gallery displays colours of Marwar-Jodhpur, the finest example of Marwar paintings.
THE TURBAN GALLERY
The Turban Gallery in the Mehrangarh Museum seeks to preserve, document and display the many different types of turbans once prevalent in Rajasthan; every community, region and festival having had its own head-gear.
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN MEHRANGARH
NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL MONUMENT
The Jodhpur Group - Malani Igneous Suite Contact on which the Mehrangarh Fort has been built has been declared a National Geological Monument by the Geological Survey of India to encourage Geotourism in the country. This unique geological feature is part of the Malani Igenus Suite seen in the Thar desert region, spread over an area of 43,500 km2. This unique geological feature represents the last phase of igneous activity of Precambrian age in the Indian Subcontinent.
THE CHAMUNDA MATAJI TEMPLE
The Chamunda Mataji was Rao Jodha's favorite goddess, he brought her idol from the old capital of Mandore in 1460 and installed her in Mehrangarh (Maa Chamunda was the kul devi of Parihar rulers of Mandore). She remains the Maharaja's and the Royal Family's Isht Devi or adopted goddess and is worshipped by most of Jodhpur's citizens as well. Crowds throng Mehrangarh during the Dussehra celebrations.
2008 STAMPEDE
A human stampede occurred on 30 September 2008, at the Chamunda Devi temple inside of the Mehrangarh Fort, in which 249 people were killed and more than 400 injured.
CULTURE
The fort has musicians performing folk music at the entrance and houses museum, restaurants, exhibitions, and craft bazaars. The fort was one of the filming locations for the 2012 movie The Dark Knight Rises. Principal photography commenced on 6 May 2011.
In 2015, the fort was used to record a collaborative album by musicians including Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur, English composer and Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood, and Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich. The recording was the subject of a documentary, Junun, by the American directory Paul Thomas Anderson.
WIKIPEDIA
Delikkemer, located a short distance north of Patara, formed one of the most impressive sections of the city’s aqueduct system. This monumental pressure bridge carried water across the valley from springs in the hills toward the city, using an advanced hydraulic design rarely preserved so clearly in the ancient world.
Unlike the familiar high arcaded aqueducts of the western Roman Empire, Delikkemer functioned as an inverted siphon. Water descended through stone pipes into the valley and was then forced upward by pressure to continue its course toward Patara. The structure itself consists of a long stone-built bridge pierced by regularly spaced arches, within which terracotta and stone pipes once carried the water under pressure.
Constructed with massive limestone blocks, the bridge stretches across the landscape in a strikingly linear form, demonstrating both Roman engineering skill and the importance of a reliable water supply for Patara’s baths, fountains, and public buildings. Even in ruin, Delikkemer remains one of the most remarkable hydraulic monuments in Lycia and a vivid reminder of the technological sophistication that supported the prosperity of the ancient city.
located near Kulasekharam town in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu state, India. The waterfalls is about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Pechiparai Dam. It is just a 15 min drive from the waterfalls. The riverbed is rocky and about 300 feet (91 m) in length
Located off Hwy 215 near Balsam Grove, North Carolina -- high in the mountains of Transylvania County, "The Land of Waterfalls."
Located on Doty Island, this Romanesque Revival structure was built in 1892 using the designs of architect Charles Sumner Frost. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Neenah, Wisconsin is a suburb of Appleton located in northeastern Winnebago County.
The Royal Château de Blois is located in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in France. The residence of several French kings, it is also the place where Joan of Arc went in 1429 to be blessed by the Archbishop of Reims before departing with her army to drive the English from Orléans.
Built in the middle of the town that it effectively controlled, the château of Blois comprises several buildings constructed from the 13th to the 17th century around the main courtyard. Its most famous piece of architecture is the magnificent spiral staircase in the François I wing.
Louis XII
The medieval castle was purchased in 1391 by Louis, duc d'Orléans, brother of Charles VI; after the duke's assassination, his widow, Valentine de Milan, retired to Blois. It was inherited by his son, Charles d'Orléans the poet, who was taken prisoner at Agincourt and spent twenty-five years as a hostage in England, before returning to his beloved Blois, which he partly rebuilt as a more commodious habitation. It became the favourite royal residence and the political capital of the kingdom under Charles' son King Louis XII. At the beginning of the 1500s, the king initiated a reconstruction of the main block of the entry and the creation of an Italian garden in terraced parterres that occupied the present Place Victor Hugo and the site of the railway station. In 1890 the construction of the Avenue Victor Hugo destroyed the remainder of the gardens.
This wing, of red brick and grey stone, forms the main entrance to the château, and features a statue of the mounted king above the entrance. Although the style is principally Gothic, as the profiles of moldings, the lobed arches and the pinnacles attest, there are elements of Renaissance architecture present, such as a small chandelier.
The rear of the François I wing, facing over central Blois.
[edit] François I
When François I took power, his wife Queen Claude had him refurbish Blois with the intention of moving to it from the Château d'Amboise. François initiated the construction of a new wing and created one of the period’s most important libraries in the castle. But, after the death of his wife in 1524, he spent very little time at Blois and the massive library was moved to the royal Château de Fontainebleau where it was used to form the royal library that forms the core now of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
In this wing, the architecture and ornamentation are marked by Italian influence. At the centre is the monumental spiral staircase, covered with fine bas-relief sculptures and looking out onto the château's central court. Behind this wing is the façade of the Loges, characterised by a series of disconnected niches.
[edit] Henri III
King Henri III, driven from Paris during the French Wars of Religion, lived at Blois and held the Estates-General convention there in 1576 and 1588. It was during this convention that the king had his arch-enemy, the duc de Guise, assassinated by the king’s bodyguard known as "the Forty-five", when the duke came to the Chateau for a meeting with Henri. They also killed his brother Louis II, Cardinal of Guise the following day in the dungeons.
The Chambre du Roi with Henry IV's H in the floor tiles
[edit] Henri IV
After this, the castle was occupied by Henri IV, the first Bourbon monarch. On Henri’s death, it became the place of exile for his widow, Marie de Medici, when she was expelled from the court of her son, Louis XIII.
The Gaston d'Orléans wing, never completed.
[edit] Gaston d'Orléans
In 1626, King Louis XIII gave the Château of Blois to his brother Gaston d'Orléans as a wedding gift. In 1635 there was another attempt to develop the castle but on Gaston's death in 1660, it was abandoned. The task of developing this wing was given to François Mansart, a well-known architect of the time. This wing makes up the rear wall of the court, directly opposite the Louis XII wing. The central section is composed of three horizontal layers where the superposition of Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders can be seen.
By the time of the French Revolution the immense castle had been neglected for more than one hundred and thirty years, and the revolutionaries, determined to wipe out any symbol of the old nobility while enriching themselves[citation needed], ransacked the castle and stole[citation needed] many of its statues, royal emblems and coats of arms. In a state of near total disrepair it was scheduled to be demolished but was given a reprieve as a military barracks.
[edit] Preservation as a monument
The "chambre de secrets", mistakenly believed to be Catherine de' Medici's secret hiding place for poisons.
In 1841, under the direction of King Louis-Philippe, the Château de Blois was classified as a historic monument. It was restored under the direction of the architect Felix Duban, to whom is due the painted decoration on walls and beamed ceilings. The château was turned into a museum. On view for visitors are the supposed poison cabinets of Catherine de' Medici. Most likely this room, the "chamber of secrets," had a much more banal purpose: exhibiting precious objects for guests.
Today, the château is owned by the town of Blois and is a tourist attraction.
Source Wikipedia
Located: Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Architect: Bruce Goff
Built: 1956, additions in 1966 & 1974
Destroyed by arson in 1996
Photos taken Spring 1991
Memorial garden located in downtown Eugene, Oregon, near the site where Japanese Americans from the area were assembled prior to their World War II expulsion and incarceration. The Eugene Japanese American Art Memorial was dedicated on February 19, 2007, the 65th anniversary of Executive Order 9066.
The memorial has its roots in annual Days of Remembrance in the Eugene area that have taken place since 2000. Wanting a more permanent commemoration, the Eugene Japanese American Art Memorial Committee (EJAAMC) formed in 2003 and began planning and fundraising for a permanent memorial. The City of Eugene approved the use of a site at Willamette & 6th Avenue east of the Hult Center for the Performing Arts, a city-run complex that includes a concert hall, theater, and art gallery. A key milestone for the project was securing a $50,000 gift from the Spirit Mountain Community Fund, a foundation run by the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, funded by proceeds generated by the Spirit Mountain Casino, located in northwest Oregon. The matching grant spurred fundraising efforts, and the $100,000 required for the memorial was secured by 2006.
The 1,800 square foot memorial takes the form of a garden that includes a central sculpture, along with three stone pillars featuring art and text on the themes of "Justice," "Perseverance," and "Honor." Kenge Kobayashi, who was incarcerated at Tule Lake as a teenager, designed the memorial and did the paintings on the pillars. The "Justice" stone features a painting of Fred Korematsu, Gordon Hirabayashi, and Min Yasui against a backdrop on the American flag and barbed wire, with text briefly profiling the men, with a focus on Yasui's story, given Yasui's Oregon roots. The "Perseverance" stone depicts a Japanese American family behind barbed wire with a guard tower in the background, with text that provides an overview of the exclusion, incarceration, and eventual reparations. The "Honor" stone shows a Nisei soldier against a backdrop of barbed wire and focuses on the story of Japanese Americans were served in the armed forces during World War II. The EJAAMC held a design contest for the sculpture, which was won by David Clemons. Clemon's bronze sculpture titled "Forced Journey" features a Japanese American girl sitting on a pile of suitcases and footlockers reaching out for a butterfly.
encyclopedia.densho.org/Eugene_Japanese_American_Art_Memo...
Pantoland with Donny Osmond at The London Palladium a Grade II West End theatre located on Argyll Street
Located in a remote corner of Gonzalez County, Cheapside is now little more than a ghost town at the end of a pothole-filled rural road. All that remains is the church on the hill, one-room-schoolhouse-cum-community center, a handful of abandoned commercial buildings and a few scattered ranch residences. Perhaps someone upstairs is showing a little anger as storm clouds gather above the church.
You can view more photos from my 2009 'Picture a Day' set at: www.flickr.com/photos/matthigh/sets/72157625855768121/
And the fun continues with a Picture a Day through 2010 at: www.flickr.com/photos/matthigh/sets/72157620610035860/
Located in downtown Sai Gon (present-day Ho Chi Minh City), Sai Gon Post Office was built between 1886 and 1891 and designed by architect Villedieu and his assistant Foulhoux in a unique Europe-Asia styled architecture with Cham motifs, modern baroque bas-relief and typical decorations of the architecture under the Third Republic of France.
Silver City Ghost Town – located an hour southwest of Boise, Idaho - is one of several mining towns that sprang up in the Owyhee Mountains after gold was discovered nearby in 1863. At its height in the 1880’s, Silver City grew into a prominent Idaho settlement, with a population of around 2,500 and approximately 75 businesses. The town even established the first daily Idaho newspaper and telegraph office. As mines became depleted around 1890, residents slowly moved away from Silver City. The last mining operation closed around World War II, although the town was never completely abandoned.
In 1972, the Idaho Hotel in Silver City was restored and re-opened. Now, visitors can enjoy partially-restored historical buildings and old mine sites. Home and building owners have title to the land directly beneath the structures, but the rest of this National Historic District is public land, managed by the BLM.
Padmanabhapuram Palace (Tamil: பத்மநாபபுரம் அரண்மனை, Malayalam: പത്മനാഭപുരം കൊട്ടാരം) is located in at Padmanabhapuram Fort, in Padmanabhapuram, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Padmanabhapuram is the former capital city of the erstwhile Hindu kingdom of Travancore. It is about 20km from Nagercoil, and about 50km from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The palace complex is inside an old granite fortress around four kilometers long. The palace is located at the foot of the Veli Hills, which form a part of the Western Ghats. The river Valli flows nearby.
The palace was constructed around 1601 AD by Iravi Varma Kulasekhara Perumal who ruled Venad between 1592 and 1609. It is believed that the Thai Kottaram was built in 1550. The founder of modern Travancore, King Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma (1706–1758) who ruled Travancore from 1729 to 1758, rebuilt the palace in around 1750. King Marthaanda Varma dedicated the kingdom to his family deity Sree Padmanabha, a form of Lord Vishnu and ruled the kingdom as Padmanabha dasa or servant of Lord Padmanabha. Hence the name Padmanabhapuram or City of Lord Padmanabha. In the late 18th century, precisely in 1795 the capital of Travancore was shifted from here to Thiruvananthapuram, and the place lost its former glory. However, the palace complex continues to be one of the best examples of traditional Kerala architecture, and some portions of the sprawling complex are also the hallmark of traditional Kerala style architecture. The Palace though surrounded entirely by the State of Tamil Nadu is still part of Kerala and the land and Palace belongs to the Government of Kerala. This Palace is maintained by the Govt.of Kerala Archaeology Department. This palace may be the best to visit in anybody's pleasure trip to Thiruvananthapuram, if you are interested in history.
STRUCTURES
The Padmanabhapuram Palace complex consists of several structures:
- Mantrasala; the King's Council Chamber
- Thai Kottaram; the Queen Mother's Palace, constructed before 1550
- Nataksala; the Performance Hall
- A four-storeyed mansion at the centre of the complex
- Thekee Kottaram; the Southern Palace
COUNCEL CHAMBER
King’s Council chamber is the most beautiful part of the entire palace complex. It has windows, with coloured mica, which keep the heat and the dust away, and the interior of the council chamber remains cool and dark. Delicate and beautiful lattice work can be seen all over the council chamber.
The floor is also beautifully done, with a fine and perfect finish. The floor is dark and is made of a mixture of varied substances, including burnt coconut shells, egg white and so on. The remarkable aspect is that this particular floor finish and texture could not be duplicated in any other construction.
QEEN MOTHER´S PALACE
Mother’s palace, designed in traditional Kerala style, is the oldest construction in the entire palace complex and is believed to be constructed around mid-16th century. True to the traditional Kerala style, there is an inner courtyard, called 'nalukettu'. In the inner courtyard, sloping roofs from all four sided taper down. Four pillars on four corners support the roof.
On the south-west corner of the mother’s palace, there is a relatively small room, called the chamber of solitude or 'ekantha mandapam'. The chamber of solitude has very beautiful and intricate wood carvings of every description all around. Of particular interest is a pillar of single jackfruit wood, with very detailed and beautiful floral designs.
PERFORMANCE HALL
This is a relatively new building, constructed at the behest of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal, who reigned in Travancore from 1829 to 1846. He was a great connoisseur of arts, especially music and dance. He himself composed music and has left a rich legacy to classical carnatic music.
The Nataksala or the hall of performance has solid granite pillars and gleaming black floor. There is a wooden enclosure, with peepholes, where the women of the royal household used to sit and watch the performance.
CENTRAL MANSION
The four-storied building is located at the centre of the palace complex. The ground floor houses the royal treasury. The first floor houses the King's bedrooms. The ornamental bedstead is made of 64 types of herbal and medicinal woods, and was a gift from the Dutch merchants. Most of the rooms here and in other parts of the palace complex have built-in recesses in walls for storing weapons like swords and daggers. The second floor houses the King's resting and study rooms. Here the King used to spend time during fasting days. The top floor (called upparikka malika) served as the worship chamber of the royal household. Its walls are covered with exquisite 18th century murals, depicting scenes from the puranas, and also few scenes from the social life of the Travancore of that time. Ths top floor was supposed to be Sree Padmanabha Swamy's room. This building was constructed during the reign of King Marthandavarma. He was also designated as Padmanabha Dasa and used to rule the Travancore kingdom as a servant of Sree Padmanabha Swamy.
SOUTHERN PALACE
The southern palace is as old as the ‘Thai kottaram’ (Mother's palace), which would make it about 400 year old. Now, it serves as a heritage museum, exhibiting antique household articles and curios. Collections of items give an insight into the social and cultural ethos of that period.
OTHER FEATURES
The Padamnabhapuram Palace complex has several other interesting features:
- The palace is located in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu state but administered by the Government of Kerala state.
- The clock tower in the palace complex has a 300 year old clock, which still keeps time.
- A big hall now bare, which can accommodate around 1000 guests, and where ceremonial feasts were held, on auspicious occasions.
- A secret passage, now blocked, through which the king, his immediate family members, and their entourage could escape to another palace, located several kilometers away in the event of any emergency. Name of this palace is Charottu kottaram.
- A flight of steps leads to a bathing pond, which has lost its freshness due to neglect and years of disuse.
- The palace complex also has a section of curios and several interesting objects:
- An entire room filled with old Chinese jars, all gifts by Chinese merchants.
- A variety of weapons (which were actually used in warfare), including swords and daggers.
- Brass lamps, wood and stone sculpture, a variety of furniture and large mirrors made of polished metal.
- A gallery of paintings depicting incidents from the history of Travancore.
- A wooden cot made of up to 64 wooden pieces of a variety of medicinal tree trunks
- Polished stone cot, meant for cool effect
- Toilet and well
WIKIPEDIA
Located in Eufaula, Alabama. One of the last rose/teal Marketplace stores in the company. Taken on 4/19/25.
Caltanissetta is capital of the province of Caltanissetta located in the western interior of Sicily, Italy. Its inhabitants are called nisseni.The city, which in 2010 had a population of 60,267,is the fourteenth comune in Italy for its extension and the sixth highest comune and capital of province, the second after the sicilian city of Enna.The patron is Saint Michael the Archangel, to whom the cathedral is dedicated The town lies in an area of rolling hills with small villages and towns, crossed by the river Salso. It borders with the municipalities of Canicattì (AG), Delia, Enna (EN), Marianopoli, Mazzarino, Mussomeli, Naro (AG), Petralia Sottana (PA), Pietraperzia (EN), San Cataldo, Santa Caterina Villarmosa, Serradifalco and Sommatino. Its frazioni are the villages of Bifaria, Borgo Petilia, Borgo Canicassè Casale, Cozzo di Naro, Favarella, Prestianni, Villaggio Santa Barbara, Santa Rita and Xirbi.Caltanissetta is located in a geographically important position dominating the whole valley of the Salso. Morphologically aligned perfectly matches the surrounding area, very harsh and composition of limestone and clay. The city lies between three hills (Sant'Anna, Monte San Giuliano e Poggio Sant'Elia) which, unwilling to bow, form a basin into which part of the historical center and the south comprise.
Caltanissétta è un comune italiano di 61.511 abitanti, capoluogo della provincia omonima in Sicilia.È il sesto comune capoluogo di provincia più alto d'Italia, il secondo siciliano dopo Enna, nonché il quattordicesimo d'Italia per superficie. I suoi abitanti sono detti nisseni.La città di Caltanissetta si colloca in posizione di rilievo dominante l'intera Valle del Salso. Morfologicamente ricalca perfettamente le caratteristiche del territorio circostante, molto aspro e di composizione calcareo-argillosa.La città sorge fra tre colli (Sant'Anna, Monte San Giuliano e Poggio Sant'Elia) che, disposti ad arco, formano una conca entro la quale si sviluppa parte del centro storico e tutta la zona meridionale.
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English:
The National Gallery of Canada (French: Musée des beaux-arts du Canada), located in the capital city of Ottawa, Ontario, is Canada's national art museum. The museum's building takes up 46,621 square metres (501,820 sq ft), with 12,400 square metres (133,000 sq ft) of space used for exhibiting art; making the museum one of the largest art museums in North America by exhibition space.
The institution was established in 1880 at the Second Supreme Court of Canada building, and moved to the Victoria Memorial Museum building in 1911. In 1913, the Government of Canada passed the National Gallery Act, formally outlined the institution's mandate as a national art museum. The museum was moved to the Lorne building in 1960. In 1988, the museum was relocated to its present location. The National Gallery of Canada is situated in a glass and granite building on Sussex Drive with a notable view of the Canadian Parliament buildings on Parliament Hill. The building was designed by Moshe Safdie and opened in 1988.
The museum's permanent collection includes over 93,000 works from European, American, and Asian, Canadian, and indigenous Canadian artists. In addition to exhibiting works from its permanent collection, the museum also organizes and hosts a number of travelling exhibitions.
Français :
Le Musée des beaux-arts du Canada (en anglais : National Gallery of Canada), situé à Ottawa, capitale du pays, est l'un des premiers musées du Canada.
Situé sur la promenade Sussex, le bâtiment de verre et de granite jouit d'une superbe vue sur le Parlement canadien et la colline du Parlement. Il a été dessiné par Moshe Safdie et a ouvert ses portes en 1988. La précédente directrice du musée, Jean Sutherland Boggs, fut choisie par le Premier ministre Pierre Trudeau pour superviser la construction du bâtiment.
Le musée fut fondé en 1880, par le gouverneur général du Canada, le marquis de Lorne, dont la femme, la princesse Louise était artiste. En 1882, le musée est installé dans sa première demeure sur la colline du Parlement dans le même bâtiment que la Cour suprême. En 1911 on le déplace au Victoria Memorial Museum, qui est aujourd'hui le musée canadien de la nature. En 1962, nouveau déménagement dans un bâtiment de Elgin Street à proximité de la haute commission britannique. Son dernier déménagement, dans ses locaux actuels sur Sussex Drive date de 1988. En 1985, le nouveau musée canadien de la photographie contemporaine, anciennement Photography Division of the National Film Board of Canada, est alors affilié au Musée des beaux-arts.
Source: Wikipedia
Nikon Df
Nikkor 28mm f/2.8 E
Chinon is a commune located in the Indre-et-Loire department in the Region Centre, France. The regional area is called the Touraine, which is known as the "garden of France".
It is well known for its wine, castle, and historic town. Chinon played an important and strategic role during the Middle Ages, having served both French and English kings.
Chinon is in the Loire valley, registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000.
The historic town of Chinon is on the banks of the Vienne River about 10 kilometres (6 mi) from where it joins the Loire. Settlement in Chinon dates from prehistoric times, with a pronounced importance for both French and English history in the Middle Ages. At this period rivers were the main trade routes, and the Vienne River joins both the fertile regions of the Poitou and the city of Limoges, and is a tributary of the Loire, which acted as a traffic thoroughfare. The site was fortified early on, and by the 5th century a Gallo-Roman castrum had been established there.
Towards the mid 5th century, a disciple of St Martin, St Mexme, established first a hermitage, and then a monastery to the east of the town. This religious foundation bearing his name flourished in the medieval period, being rebuilt and extended four times. The eventual complex contained a large and highly decorated church and a square of canons' residences. Closure and partial demolition during and after the Revolution of 1789 have damaged this once very important church. The imposing second façade still stands, with its nave dating from the year 1000 A.D. Its important remains have been restored as historical monument and a cultural centre.
During the Middle Ages, Chinon further developed, especially under Henry II (Henry Plantagenêt, Count of Anjou, and crowned King of England in 1154). The castle was rebuilt and extended, becoming his administrative center and a favourite residence. It was where court was frequently held during the Angevin Empire.
On Henry's death at the castle in 1189, Chinon first passed to his eldest surviving son from his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard I the Lionheart. On Richard's death in 1199, it then passed to the youngest of their children, John Lackland. King John would lose the castle in a siege in 1205 to the French king Philip II Augustus, from which date it was included in the French royal estates as the royal duchy of Touraine.
The castle in Chinon served as a prison for a time when Philip IV the Fair ordered the Knights Templar arrested in 1307. Jacques de Molay, Grand Master, and a few other dignitaries of the Order of the Temple were incarcerated there prior to trial and eventual execution.
Chinon again played a significant role in the struggle for the throne between the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) when the heir apparent, the future Charles VII of France sought refuge and installed his court in there in 1425. The province remained faithful to him and he made lengthy stays with his court there. In 1429, the 17-year-old Joan of Arc came to Chinon to meet and to acknowledge him as the rightful heir to the throne. After interrogation to prove she had been sent on a mission from God and with the men and arms then accorded to her, she would go on to break the siege of Orleans in June and open the way for Charles to be crowned at Reims in July 1429. The meetings in Chinon with the future Charles VII of France and his acceptance of her was the turning point of the war, helping to establish both firmer national boundaries and sentiment.
Chinon also served Louis XII as he waited for the papal legate Caesar Borgia to bring the annulment papers from Jeanne de France, enabling him to marry Anne of Brittany in 1498, and thus solidifying an even more coherent French territory
At the end of the 15th century, the commune of Chinon was the birthplace of the writer, humanist, philosopher and satirist François Rabelais, author of Gargantua and Pantagruel amongst other works, which figure in the canon of great world literature. The region is the scene of these fantastic, critical and observant adventures.
From the sixteenth century, Chinon was no longer a royal residence, and in 1631 it became part of the estates of the Duke of Richelieu, who neglected the fortress. Apart from townhouses and convents that were built, the city changed little up to the Revolution. In the 1820s, however, the fortifications were pulled down and the banks of the Vienne River were opened up to the outside.
In the late 19th and 20th centuries, Chinon grew to the east, towards the railway station, and to the north on the hill. The historic centre was registered as a conservation area in 1968, and since that time has been undergoing restoration in order to preserve its historic, natural and architectural identity.
Rue Haute Saint-Maurice
Hotel du Gouvernement
17th century
Gargoyle
Notes: Located about 2 miles west of Hopewell, Bedford County (Pa.). Operated by John King & Company until probably 1884.
In the center foreground can be seen the glistening slag-covered firebrick. These bricks and the few foundation stones are all that remain of this once famous furnace.
Preferred Citation: The Swigart-Shedd family collection on Pennsylvania iron furnaces, 1845-1991, Historical Collections and Labor Archives, Special Collections Library, University Libraries, Pennsylvania State University.
Repository: Penn State Special Collections, University Park, PA, USA.
Located in the north of Iraq in the Iraqi-Kurdistan region, the Domiz Refugee camp was established in April 2012 by the Kurdish Regional Government to deal with the influx refugees fleeing from the on-going Syrian Civil War. The camp is located 20 kms southeast of Dohuk city, in Iraqi Kurdistan and some 60 km from Syria/Iraq border.
Iraqi Kurdistan has witnessed a rapidly increasing influx of refugees due to the internal conflict in Syria. At the beginning of the refugee influx; the local authorities, together with UNHCR, were able to provide adequate basic services and protection assistance to the refugees but later and because of the rapid and massive arrival of refugees, many families tents are now randomly established across the camp. At the same time, the other part of Domiz camp was well designed with an identified plot per family and seems to be growing into small city. The organized part of the camp built in phases based on budget availability and land allocation. Each plot consists of tent plot, cooking area and sanitation unit. Some families have started extending the shelter provided. With 500-700 new arrivals each day over half of the tents within the camp are shared by more than one family, leading the UNHCR to call the camp 'critically overcrowded'.
www.christophestramba-badiali.com / july 2013 / © Stramba-Badiali / Haytham pictures
REUNION Arena, located in Downtown Dallas Texas. This building was completed in 1980. The Arena officially closed on June 30 2008. As of today, it is set to be Demolished sometime around March of 2009. A Many of Concerts, Sports, & Other activities have been held here for the past 28 Years. For more information, go here:.. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion_Arena ...
Notable events:...
1980: Foghat played the first concert to ever be held at the arena.
1980: Queen performed during The Game Tour on August 9, the music video for their hit song "Another One Bites the Dust" was recorded at the arena.
1982: Ozzy Osbourne performed, with guitar virtuoso Randy Rhoads, who was killed in a plane crash less than a month later.
1982: On November 25, singer Linda Ronstadt performed her famous Happy Thanksgiving Day concert, one of the first ever via satellite concerts, by a female solo artist, to be broadcast live on radio stations across the nation.
1984: Scorpions filmed their video for "Still Loving You".
1985: Phil Collins No Jacket Required Tour played here. Show was also filmed for video release.
1985: Mötley Crüe's Theatre of Pain Tour stopped here, they filmed their video for "Home Sweet Home".
1988: Michael Jackson performed three consecutive sold–out shows at Reunion Arena, during his Bad World Tour on April 25–27, 1988.
1991: Garth Brooks tapes his first television special, This is Garth Brooks!, during two sold out concerts in September. The special airs on NBC in early 1992. It is released on VHS on June 16, 1992 and it is later included as part of the November 2006 DVD release, Garth Brooks - The Entertainer. The concert was notable for Brooks and Ty England smashing two acoustic guitars together.
1998: Shania Twain tapes her television special Shania Twain Live, on September 12, which is aired exclusively on DirecTV for free. The special was later released on DVD in November 1999. Three of her music videos were also taken from this performance.
2008: Reunion Arena closes.
2009: Reunion Arena is demolished.
Notable Events above is from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion_Arena#Notable_events ..
Photo Taken: August 21 2008
Photo Taken By: Randy A. Carlisle
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Located on the Great Salt Lake Desert in Western Utah at the edge of the Salt Flats
Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Pritchett, owners
Located in the Valle De Los Cirios between Bahia Las Animas and Bahía de los Ángeles in Baja California, Mexico.
Located at 3566 Stevens Creek Blvd. in San Jose, CA.
Formerly home to Joe Kerley's Lincoln-Mercury and Jeep-Eagle dealership... once the largest independent used car dealership in the Santa Clara Valley.
Sales/showroom designed by architect Hollis Logue (responsible for a number of innovative local car dealerships). Dates to 1963.
Really cool design with a skylight on top.