Historically, stock trading took place at several spots in Paris, including rue Quincampoix, rue Vivienne (near the Palais Royal), and the back of the Opéra Garnier (the Paris opera house). In the early 19th century, the Paris Bourse's activities found a stable location at the Palais Brongniart, or Palais de la Bourse, designed by architect Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.

SKA1313

 

Stereobild med motiv av börshuset, La Bourse (Palais Brongniart), Paris.

 

Stereo image. La Bourse (Palais Brongniart) The stock Market in Paris.

 

Photo: Édit, Hélaine 1860-1880.

Tintin is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin, the series of classic Belgian comic books written and illustrated by Hergé. Tintin is the protagonist of the series, a reporter and adventurer who travels around the world with his dog Snowy.

 

Tintin debuted in Le Petit Vingtième on 10 January 1929. Tintin was largely based on an earlier character created by Hergé, a chubby boy-scout named Totor. The comics starring Totor, Les aventures de Totor, chef de patrouille des Hannetons (The Adventures of Totor, Leader of the Cockchafer Patrol), appeared in the magazine Le Boy-Scout Belge between 1926 and 1929.

 

In the later comic book series, Tintin is a young reporter who is drawn to dangerous international intrigues in which his quick thinking, bravery and chronic good luck save the day. Almost every adventure features Tintin sent off to investigate an assignment, but rarely does he actually turn in a story without first getting caught up in an adventure.[1] Although the strip was Belgian, Hergé was inconsistent or vague about assigning Tintin a nationality, depicting him instead as broadly European. In some of the early books, like Tintin in the Congo or The Black Island, a Belgian identity is fairly explicit. In The Secret of the Unicorn, the reader can unmistakably recognise the streets of Brussels at the beginning of the story. In the television series, Tintin states that he and Snowy are from Brussels in the episode of The Crab with the Golden Claws. Brussels is also explicitly mentioned as Tintin's home address in Tintin in the Land of the Soviets. In later adventures, as with other aspects of his character's history and family, Tintin's nationality is usually not directly stated, although some of the street scenes in The Red Sea Sharks have been identified as happening in Brussels.

 

Readers and critics have described Tintin as a well-rounded, yet open-ended character, noting that his rather neutral personality—sometimes labelled as bland—permits a balanced reflection of the evil, folly and foolhardiness which surrounds him. His boy-scout ideals, which represent Hergé's own, are never compromised by the character, and his status allows the reader to assume his position within the story, rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist.Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with Scott McCloud noting that it "allows readers to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world."

 

Tintin is an intelligent and imaginative character with good powers of deduction. However, while in deep thought, he tends to be absent-minded and fails to notice things around him. He seems to know multiple foreign languages and reads extensively on a variety of subjects. He is skilled at driving automobiles (including a tank), riding horses or motorcycles, and flying aeroplanes and helicopters. Despite his generally delicate and unassuming appearance, Tintin is quite athletic and possesses great physical strength, often getting into fights where he is able to knock out enemies much larger than himself with a single blow. Although he is small as opposed to the other characters, he is an excellent swimmer, has been shown to be a skilled mountaineer, has been shown to do yoga,[4] and can survive falls that would normally cause serious injuries.

 

Tintin's age is never accurately revealed. Other characters treat him as a worldly young adult, as shown by the absence of concerns like parents or school, as well as by his wide solo travels all over the globe. He's old enough to enter a pub and drink a beer (The Black Island) and old enough to live alone with his dog in his own apartment. However, he is still referred to as a "young boy", and a "puppy" in The Crab with the Golden Claws. A 1979 television interview with Hergé settled the matter, when Hergé stated that when he first thought about Tintin he was 14 or 15 years old, "but now, let's say that he is 17." In one shot in the television series episode The Secret of the Unicorn, Tintin's passport states his birth year as 1929 (the year of his print debut).

 

Tintin has no family members: any mention of a mother, father or siblings is noticeably absent. He makes no mention of his family throughout the series. Nowhere is it implied that he is an orphan; it could be argued that he meets his family between adventures. Tintin's lack of relatives is irrelevant to his adventuring; it is the adopted family of friends he makes through his exploits that makes up his family unit.

 

Unlike other characters such as Captain Haddock or Professor Calculus, Tintin has no discernible past prior to the beginning of the series. Whereas Haddock can recall a particularly fierce storm at sea or Calculus can boast of his athletic past, Tintin's roots prior to Land of the Soviets are never discussed. His companions encounter old friends like Captain Chester or Hercule Tarragon, yet Tintin only meets friends or enemies whom he met in previous adventures.

 

Even the name "Tintin" remains a mystery. Whether it is a first name or a surname is unknown. A possibility is that it is not actually the reporter's real name, but rather a pseudonym that the character uses to protect his identity while writing columns for his newspaper: Le Petit Vingtième. At the time when the stories first came out, journalists' usage of pseudonyms was commonplace. The possibility that it may not be his real name is also hinted in Cigars of the Pharaoh when Tintin is accused of poisoning one of a notable sheik's servants. Having been captured and brought to his tent, the enraged sheik demands Tintin's name. Tintin's characteristically placid answer is: "My name? It won't mean a thing to you... but at home they call me Tintin." A simpler theory for his name is the fact that Franco-Belgian comics at the time generally had heroes with eccentric, memorable single names that could pass off as first names or surnames. Many people tend to think of "Tintin" as a surname, but it is likely that Hergé meant to keep it a mystery. Hergé was a great admirer of Benjamin Rabier and may have derived the name (and hairstyle) from Rabier's Tintin lutin (1897). There also have been theories that Tintin is a nickname for Martin or Augustin. One last theory holds that the name "Tintin" signifies nothing, pointing to the character's cipherous nature. As Paul LaFarge writes,

 

Tintin was a word before it was a name; it means 'nothing,' and the phrase faire tintin loosely means "to go without." Hergé's boy reporter does not bear the name by accident.

Throughout much of the series, Tintin's attitude is characterised by inquisitive tendencies and a noble, forgiving nature. While his idealism earns him the admiration of many people he meets, it also places him in danger on occasion and serves as a foil to the more sceptical demeanour of other characters such as Captain Haddock. And unlike nearly every other character he meets, Tintin can be relied upon to remain calm and cool-headed, even in the worst of circumstances. Only on very rare occasions, such as after Haddock's drunken antics threatened his friend's lives (Explorers on the Moon), could Tintin actually lose his temper.

 

Tintin's political views are generally ambiguous in many of the books and specific expression of his opinions are rare. While in earlier books such as Tintin in the Land of the Soviets and Tintin in the Congo Tintin is characterised as a proud Belgian Catholic, later books avoid specific mention of his views (see Ideology of Tintin). His opinions appear to change over time, though in many situations he can be classified as a pacifist, reflecting a dislike of war. At the beginning of Tintin and the Picaros, he is seen wearing a motorcycle helmet with a Peace symbol on it.

 

Readers of Tintin books have speculated about his sexuality. Marcel Wilmet, spokesperson of Studios Hergé, has confirmed that Tintin is not gay and, while he has many male friends, they are not boyfriends. However, many still question his ambiguous sexuality.

 

Towards the end of the series, Tintin's character changes to a degree. In later stories, Tintin no longer actively seeks out adventure but is rather forced into a situation by events beyond his control (such as being kidnapped[10] or motivated to rescue a friend). This is especially evident in Flight 714 and Tintin and the Picaros, where Tintin's loss of enthusiasm for adventure is apparent, and his youthful idealism appears to have been replaced by a somewhat more cynical outlook. There has been much debate among readers and critics about this shift in characterisation, as these final adventures have received varying and sometimes negative responses. Critics argue that these books represent either a late period of eccentricity, or puzzling disappointments, while others claim that Tintin's shift represents a more complex depiction of his character. Hergé commented upon this change, noting that in the late phases of his career, "Tintin has lost control, he is not on top of events anymore, he is subjected to them." However, in the unfinished album Tintin and Alph-Art, Tintin regained much of his old adventurous personality, actively investigating suspicious events and murder threats.

 

The earlier version of Tintin was apparently inspired, at least in part, by Hergé's younger brother, Paul Remi, a career soldier. Tired of being referred to as "Major Tintin" by his colleagues, Paul later shaved his hair and adopted a more Erich von Stroheim look. Hergé subsequently used Paul's appearance as a model for the villainous Colonel Sponsz in The Calculus Affair. Tintin and Sponsz, although physically very different, have actually quite similar hair spikes.

 

Hergé may have also been inspired by a Danish boy scout and later actor Palle Huld who was 15 years old when he travelled around the world and wrote Around the World in 44 days by Palle. In the book he describes his tour to Soviet, America, China, Africa etc. and about his dramatic adventures. It was translated into 11 languages and it was read by Hergé. Palle Huld died in 2010 at the age of 98.

 

However, the inspiration for the clothing Hergé dressed Tintin in lay elsewhere. A fellow student of Hergé's from St Boniface, named Charles, had adopted a similar style of plus fours and argyle socks, which caused him to be the subject of no little ridicule. Harry Thompson notes the inspiration may be tinged slightly, suggesting that if "Hergé had been one of the laughers, an element of guilt was involved."

 

The first 3 adventures of Tintin visit places visited by photographer-reporter Robert Sexé, recorded in the Belgian press from the mid to late 1920s. Sexé was born in 1890 in La Roche-sur-Yon in Vendée in Western France. Janpol Schulz wrote a biography of Robert Sexé titled "Sexé au pays des Soviets" (Sexé in the Land of the Soviets) to mimic the name of the first Tintin Adventure. This was published in 1996.

 

Robert Sexé has been noted to have a similar appearance to Tintin, and the Hergé Foundation in Belgium has admitted that it is not too hard to imagine how Hergé could have been influenced by the exploits of Sexé.[16] At that time Sexé had been round the world on a motorcycle made by Gillet of Herstal. René Milhoux was a Grand-Prix champion and motorcycle record holder of the era, and in 1928, while Sexé was in Herstal speaking with Léon Gillet about his future projects, Mr. Gillet put him in contact with his new champion, Milhoux, who had just left Ready motorcycles for Gillet of Herstal. The two men quickly struck up a friendship, and spent hours talking about motorcycles and voyages, Sexé explaining his needs and Milhoux giving his knowledge on mechanics and motorbikes pushed beyond their limits.

 

Thanks to this union of knowledge and experience, Robert Sexé would head off on numerous trips throughout the world, writing countless press accounts. The General Secretary of the Hergé Foundation in Belgium has admitted that it is not too hard to imagine how a young George Rémi, better known as Hergé, could have been inspired by the well-publicized exploits of these two friends, Sexé with his trips and documentaries and Milhoux with his triumphs and records, to create the characters of Tintin the famous travelling reporter, and his faithful companion Milou (Snowy).

 

Hergé himself has noted that Tintin existed as his personal expression, and although he recorded in 1947 that he knew "Tintin is no longer me, that, if he is to go on living, it will be by a sort of artificial respiration that I will have to practice constantly and which exhausts me, and will exhaust me more and more",[17] he was also fond of stating "Tintin, c'est moi!" ("Tintin, that's me!").

 

Shortly before his death, former Belgian Nazi collaborator Léon Degrelle created controversy by stating that the Tintin character was originally based on himself. Degrelle had indeed known Hergé during his early career as a journalist, but this allegation is generally considered a fabrication of the notorious self-booster Degrelle

 

Stitched Panorama.

New way of doing with all the moving peoples.

Tintin is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin, the series of classic Belgian comic books written and illustrated by Hergé. Tintin is the protagonist of the series, a reporter and adventurer who travels around the world with his dog Snowy.

 

Tintin debuted in Le Petit Vingtième on 10 January 1929. Tintin was largely based on an earlier character created by Hergé, a chubby boy-scout named Totor. The comics starring Totor, Les aventures de Totor, chef de patrouille des Hannetons (The Adventures of Totor, Leader of the Cockchafer Patrol), appeared in the magazine Le Boy-Scout Belge between 1926 and 1929.

 

In the later comic book series, Tintin is a young reporter who is drawn to dangerous international intrigues in which his quick thinking, bravery and chronic good luck save the day. Almost every adventure features Tintin sent off to investigate an assignment, but rarely does he actually turn in a story without first getting caught up in an adventure.[1] Although the strip was Belgian, Hergé was inconsistent or vague about assigning Tintin a nationality, depicting him instead as broadly European. In some of the early books, like Tintin in the Congo or The Black Island, a Belgian identity is fairly explicit. In The Secret of the Unicorn, the reader can unmistakably recognise the streets of Brussels at the beginning of the story. In the television series, Tintin states that he and Snowy are from Brussels in the episode of The Crab with the Golden Claws. Brussels is also explicitly mentioned as Tintin's home address in Tintin in the Land of the Soviets. In later adventures, as with other aspects of his character's history and family, Tintin's nationality is usually not directly stated, although some of the street scenes in The Red Sea Sharks have been identified as happening in Brussels.

 

Readers and critics have described Tintin as a well-rounded, yet open-ended character, noting that his rather neutral personality—sometimes labelled as bland—permits a balanced reflection of the evil, folly and foolhardiness which surrounds him. His boy-scout ideals, which represent Hergé's own, are never compromised by the character, and his status allows the reader to assume his position within the story, rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist.Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with Scott McCloud noting that it "allows readers to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world."

 

Tintin is an intelligent and imaginative character with good powers of deduction. However, while in deep thought, he tends to be absent-minded and fails to notice things around him. He seems to know multiple foreign languages and reads extensively on a variety of subjects. He is skilled at driving automobiles (including a tank), riding horses or motorcycles, and flying aeroplanes and helicopters. Despite his generally delicate and unassuming appearance, Tintin is quite athletic and possesses great physical strength, often getting into fights where he is able to knock out enemies much larger than himself with a single blow. Although he is small as opposed to the other characters, he is an excellent swimmer, has been shown to be a skilled mountaineer, has been shown to do yoga,[4] and can survive falls that would normally cause serious injuries.

 

Tintin's age is never accurately revealed. Other characters treat him as a worldly young adult, as shown by the absence of concerns like parents or school, as well as by his wide solo travels all over the globe. He's old enough to enter a pub and drink a beer (The Black Island) and old enough to live alone with his dog in his own apartment. However, he is still referred to as a "young boy", and a "puppy" in The Crab with the Golden Claws. A 1979 television interview with Hergé settled the matter, when Hergé stated that when he first thought about Tintin he was 14 or 15 years old, "but now, let's say that he is 17." In one shot in the television series episode The Secret of the Unicorn, Tintin's passport states his birth year as 1929 (the year of his print debut).

 

Tintin has no family members: any mention of a mother, father or siblings is noticeably absent. He makes no mention of his family throughout the series. Nowhere is it implied that he is an orphan; it could be argued that he meets his family between adventures. Tintin's lack of relatives is irrelevant to his adventuring; it is the adopted family of friends he makes through his exploits that makes up his family unit.

 

Unlike other characters such as Captain Haddock or Professor Calculus, Tintin has no discernible past prior to the beginning of the series. Whereas Haddock can recall a particularly fierce storm at sea or Calculus can boast of his athletic past, Tintin's roots prior to Land of the Soviets are never discussed. His companions encounter old friends like Captain Chester or Hercule Tarragon, yet Tintin only meets friends or enemies whom he met in previous adventures.

 

Even the name "Tintin" remains a mystery. Whether it is a first name or a surname is unknown. A possibility is that it is not actually the reporter's real name, but rather a pseudonym that the character uses to protect his identity while writing columns for his newspaper: Le Petit Vingtième. At the time when the stories first came out, journalists' usage of pseudonyms was commonplace. The possibility that it may not be his real name is also hinted in Cigars of the Pharaoh when Tintin is accused of poisoning one of a notable sheik's servants. Having been captured and brought to his tent, the enraged sheik demands Tintin's name. Tintin's characteristically placid answer is: "My name? It won't mean a thing to you... but at home they call me Tintin." A simpler theory for his name is the fact that Franco-Belgian comics at the time generally had heroes with eccentric, memorable single names that could pass off as first names or surnames. Many people tend to think of "Tintin" as a surname, but it is likely that Hergé meant to keep it a mystery. Hergé was a great admirer of Benjamin Rabier and may have derived the name (and hairstyle) from Rabier's Tintin lutin (1897). There also have been theories that Tintin is a nickname for Martin or Augustin. One last theory holds that the name "Tintin" signifies nothing, pointing to the character's cipherous nature. As Paul LaFarge writes,

 

Tintin was a word before it was a name; it means 'nothing,' and the phrase faire tintin loosely means "to go without." Hergé's boy reporter does not bear the name by accident.

Throughout much of the series, Tintin's attitude is characterised by inquisitive tendencies and a noble, forgiving nature. While his idealism earns him the admiration of many people he meets, it also places him in danger on occasion and serves as a foil to the more sceptical demeanour of other characters such as Captain Haddock. And unlike nearly every other character he meets, Tintin can be relied upon to remain calm and cool-headed, even in the worst of circumstances. Only on very rare occasions, such as after Haddock's drunken antics threatened his friend's lives (Explorers on the Moon), could Tintin actually lose his temper.

 

Tintin's political views are generally ambiguous in many of the books and specific expression of his opinions are rare. While in earlier books such as Tintin in the Land of the Soviets and Tintin in the Congo Tintin is characterised as a proud Belgian Catholic, later books avoid specific mention of his views (see Ideology of Tintin). His opinions appear to change over time, though in many situations he can be classified as a pacifist, reflecting a dislike of war. At the beginning of Tintin and the Picaros, he is seen wearing a motorcycle helmet with a Peace symbol on it.

 

Readers of Tintin books have speculated about his sexuality. Marcel Wilmet, spokesperson of Studios Hergé, has confirmed that Tintin is not gay and, while he has many male friends, they are not boyfriends. However, many still question his ambiguous sexuality.

 

Towards the end of the series, Tintin's character changes to a degree. In later stories, Tintin no longer actively seeks out adventure but is rather forced into a situation by events beyond his control (such as being kidnapped[10] or motivated to rescue a friend). This is especially evident in Flight 714 and Tintin and the Picaros, where Tintin's loss of enthusiasm for adventure is apparent, and his youthful idealism appears to have been replaced by a somewhat more cynical outlook. There has been much debate among readers and critics about this shift in characterisation, as these final adventures have received varying and sometimes negative responses. Critics argue that these books represent either a late period of eccentricity, or puzzling disappointments, while others claim that Tintin's shift represents a more complex depiction of his character. Hergé commented upon this change, noting that in the late phases of his career, "Tintin has lost control, he is not on top of events anymore, he is subjected to them." However, in the unfinished album Tintin and Alph-Art, Tintin regained much of his old adventurous personality, actively investigating suspicious events and murder threats.

 

The earlier version of Tintin was apparently inspired, at least in part, by Hergé's younger brother, Paul Remi, a career soldier. Tired of being referred to as "Major Tintin" by his colleagues, Paul later shaved his hair and adopted a more Erich von Stroheim look. Hergé subsequently used Paul's appearance as a model for the villainous Colonel Sponsz in The Calculus Affair. Tintin and Sponsz, although physically very different, have actually quite similar hair spikes.

 

Hergé may have also been inspired by a Danish boy scout and later actor Palle Huld who was 15 years old when he travelled around the world and wrote Around the World in 44 days by Palle. In the book he describes his tour to Soviet, America, China, Africa etc. and about his dramatic adventures. It was translated into 11 languages and it was read by Hergé. Palle Huld died in 2010 at the age of 98.

 

However, the inspiration for the clothing Hergé dressed Tintin in lay elsewhere. A fellow student of Hergé's from St Boniface, named Charles, had adopted a similar style of plus fours and argyle socks, which caused him to be the subject of no little ridicule. Harry Thompson notes the inspiration may be tinged slightly, suggesting that if "Hergé had been one of the laughers, an element of guilt was involved."

 

The first 3 adventures of Tintin visit places visited by photographer-reporter Robert Sexé, recorded in the Belgian press from the mid to late 1920s. Sexé was born in 1890 in La Roche-sur-Yon in Vendée in Western France. Janpol Schulz wrote a biography of Robert Sexé titled "Sexé au pays des Soviets" (Sexé in the Land of the Soviets) to mimic the name of the first Tintin Adventure. This was published in 1996.

 

Robert Sexé has been noted to have a similar appearance to Tintin, and the Hergé Foundation in Belgium has admitted that it is not too hard to imagine how Hergé could have been influenced by the exploits of Sexé.[16] At that time Sexé had been round the world on a motorcycle made by Gillet of Herstal. René Milhoux was a Grand-Prix champion and motorcycle record holder of the era, and in 1928, while Sexé was in Herstal speaking with Léon Gillet about his future projects, Mr. Gillet put him in contact with his new champion, Milhoux, who had just left Ready motorcycles for Gillet of Herstal. The two men quickly struck up a friendship, and spent hours talking about motorcycles and voyages, Sexé explaining his needs and Milhoux giving his knowledge on mechanics and motorbikes pushed beyond their limits.

 

Thanks to this union of knowledge and experience, Robert Sexé would head off on numerous trips throughout the world, writing countless press accounts. The General Secretary of the Hergé Foundation in Belgium has admitted that it is not too hard to imagine how a young George Rémi, better known as Hergé, could have been inspired by the well-publicized exploits of these two friends, Sexé with his trips and documentaries and Milhoux with his triumphs and records, to create the characters of Tintin the famous travelling reporter, and his faithful companion Milou (Snowy).

 

Hergé himself has noted that Tintin existed as his personal expression, and although he recorded in 1947 that he knew "Tintin is no longer me, that, if he is to go on living, it will be by a sort of artificial respiration that I will have to practice constantly and which exhausts me, and will exhaust me more and more",[17] he was also fond of stating "Tintin, c'est moi!" ("Tintin, that's me!").

 

Shortly before his death, former Belgian Nazi collaborator Léon Degrelle created controversy by stating that the Tintin character was originally based on himself. Degrelle had indeed known Hergé during his early career as a journalist, but this allegation is generally considered a fabrication of the notorious self-booster Degrelle

 

Region of Belgium —

Brussels-Capital Region

Région de Bruxelles-Capitale

Brussel Hoofdstedelijk Gewest

 

via Instagram ift.tt/2pBJCXw

All information is provided in good faith but, on occasions errors may occur. Should this be the case, if new information can be verified please supply it to the author and corrections will then be made.

 

This memorial has been compiled with additional information by kind permission of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, and from Ancestry.co.uk

 

STRENSALL WAR MEMORIAL, YORKSHIRE

 

To Perpetuate the memory of the men of this parish who were killed, died form wounds or sickness contracted in the

Great War 1914 1919

 

EVERATT Edward. Air Mechanic 2nd Class 162881, Royal Air Force died 19th April 1921 aged 20. Son of Henry and Mary Elizabeth Everatt, of 2, Station Rd., Strensall. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

 

HODGSON Percy Donald. Gunner 775534, B Battery, 245th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery died of wounds 11th May 1918 aged 21, Son of Edwin Booker Hodgson and Louisa Hodgson, of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire at rest in Esquelbecq Military Cemetery, Nord France.

 

BROWN William Henry. Quartermaster Sergeant 13845, 11th West Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in France 27th September 1916 aged 21. Son of William Henry and Fanny of Hook House, Strensall, Yorkshire. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at Strensall, Yorkshire, died in France 27th September 1916. His effects went to his mother, Fanny.Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Flatiron Copse Cemetery, Mametz, Somme, France.

 

COATES William. Private 63236, 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment , formerly 27904, Yorkshire Regiment . Died of wounds 25th October 1916 aged 29. Son of Edwin and Jane Hannah, nee Adamson of Pottery Lane, Strensall. Some notes from what remains of his army records. He joined up at Richmond, Yorkshire 12th May 1916 aged 27 and 1 month. He lived at Pottery Lane, Strensall, Yorkshire with his parents. Prior to enlistment he worked as a farm labourer, previously served as Able Seaman 233399, Royal Navy for 10 years. He embarked for France on the 21st September 1916, received a gun shot wound to his left scapula in France on the 8th October 1918. Invalided to Hudersfield War Hospital, Yorkshire and admitted on the 13th October. He died of his wounds in this hospital on the 25th October 1918. He joined the Royal Navy on the 14th April 1907 for a period of 12 years. He was born on the 14th April 1889 at Leeds, Yorkshire. He trained on training ship HMS Ganges, Royal Navy shore establishment. He served on many ships. His first was HMS Euryalus. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Euryalus_(1901)

His last ship was HMS Pembroke I. He was discharged from the navy on the 22nd November 1913. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire. At rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

 

LEE H West Yorkshire Regiment. Unable to find the correct record listed with the C.W.G.C.

 

STRACHAN Alexander Gibbon. Lance Corporal 9584, 1/8th West Yorkshire Regiment killed in action 9th October 1917. Son of Alexander George Gibbon and Mary Ann. In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at 41, A Block, Married Quarters, Strensall Camp. Yorks. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire at rest in Tyne Cot Cemetery, Belgium.

 

FROST George William. Private 28814, 8th East Yorkshire Regiment killed in action 26th September 1917 aged 28. Son of Walter and Frances Frost, of Bradfield St. George, Bury St. Edmund's, husband of Edith Eliza Frost, of Strensall, York. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, also on the Tyne Cot Memorial, Belgium

 

CLARK Fred Leonard. Private 18935, 7th Yorkshire Hussars, (Green Howards) killed in action 22nd December 1917. He was baptised at Stillingfleet, Yorkshire, son of William Roxby and Elizabeth Clark. In 1911 he was aged 19 and living with his parents at Strensall, Yorkshire. Occupation, joiner. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Neuville-Bourjonval British Cemetery, France.

 

INNS Henry Edward. Private 3308, 5th Yorkshire Regiment died 14th April 1916 aged 19. Son of Edward and Annie Inns, of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Bailleul Communal Cemetery Extension, Nord France.

 

YOUNG George. Private 36758, 1/8th Lancashire Fusiliers, formerly 26774 Yorkshire Regiment. Died 11th November 1918 aged 35. Son John William and Mary Jane Young, of Cobb's Cottage, Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied Extension, Hainaut, Belgium.

 

BOYES Henry (Memorial has Harry) Private 41972, 10th Lancashire Fusiliers, formerly 043139, Royal Army Service Corps, killed in action 12th May 1917 aged 27. Son of Richard and Mary Boyes, of Pottery Lane, Strensall, Yorks and brother of Wilfred who also fell. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, also on the Arras Memorial, France.

 

BOYES Wilfred. Private 29293, 8th Border Regiment killed in action 10th April 1918 aged 19. Son of Richard and Mary Boyes, of Pottery Lane, Strensall, Yorkshire and brother of Henry who also fell. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, also on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Hainaut, Belgium.

 

LAWRENCE Henry Bertie. Private 78775, 18th Welch Regiment, formerly 7636, Border Regiment, killed in action 20th September 1918. Husband of Mrs. Annie Cecilia, nee Horton of Ivy Cottage, Strensall, York .Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Sailly-Labourse Communal Cemetery Extension, France.

 

ROBINSON Frederick Edward. Private 35064, Depot of Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, formerly 4141 Yorkshire Regiment. Died 25th January 1918 aged 32 at Norfolk War Hospital, Thorpe, Norwich. Son of Robert and Mary Jane. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire. At rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

www.geograph.org.uk/snippet/4751

 

SYKES Christopher. Private G/52280, 23rd Middlesex Regiment killed in action 21st September 1917 aged 27. Son of Thomas and Jane Sykes, of Woodhouse Farm, Strensall, York, husband of Annie Sykes, of West Cottingwith, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, also on the Tyne Cot Memorial, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium.

 

ARIS, Alexander Christie. Private SE/33581, Wessel Deal Vet. Hospital. (Romsay) Army Veterinary Corps died Winchester Military Hospital, 31st October 1918. Born at Gealing Nottinghamshire, enlisted at Northallerton, Yorkshire. Son of Philip Tom Kelham who was granted a war gratuity on the 17th March 1919. His mother was called Jessie Mary, nee Christie . In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at Foss Cottage, Strensall Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire. At rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

 

Erected by public subscription organised by the Strensall Branch of the British Legion.

 

WORLD WAR 1939-1945

 

MCCULLOCH John. It may be the following. McCULLOCH John Henry, Lance Sergeant 6921081, 1st Manchester Regiment died 13th July 1944 aged 21. Husband of Kathleen, nee Melody who he married in York 1944. She was living at Clifton, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire. At rest in Brouay War Cemetery, Calvados, France

 

PORTE Reginald. Private 4868370, 2nd Hampshire Regiment died 10th September 1943 aged 20. Son of Arthur and Gladys Faith Porte, (nee Leadbeater) of Flaxton, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Massicault War Cemetery, Tunisia.

 

WOOD Herbert Henry. Private 3195665, 6th Seaforth Highlanders died 19th March 1944 aged 27. Son of Lily Wood of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, also on the Cassino Memorial, Italy.

 

WORTHINGTON, Ronald Arthur. Private 14612497, 1st Essex Regiment died 22nd April 1944 aged 19. Son of Arthur and Rachael Annie of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, at rest in Kohima War Cemetery, India.

 

McDONAGH T Sergeant. It may be the following. Born in Yorkshire 1921 Son of Thomas Ralph, born at Wharfdale, Yorkshire and Ellen Mc Garrity, born at Middlesbrough, Yorkshire.

McDONAGH Thomas Wilfred. Sergeant 581348, 59 Squadron Royal Air Force died 29th May 1940. Commemorated on Strensall War Memorial, Yorkshire, also on the Runnymede Memorial, Surrey.

 

Men with a Strensall Connection, who fell in battle in both World Wars but are not mentioned on any of the War Memorials in Strensall in the church or town war memorial.

 

DAVIES Richard. Driver T4/092279, 26th Coy, Army Service Corps died 30th March 1917. Son of Richard and Ellen Davies, of Leeds. Born at Strensall, Yorkshire. At rest in Lembet Road Military Cemetery, Salonika, Greece.

 

SCHOLES John Thomas. Private 49372, 10th West Yorkshire Regiment died of wounds 27th May 1918 aged 33. Son of Fred and Hannah Scholes, of Haxby, near Yorkshire, husband of Florence Jane, (nee Beadle), of Back Lane, Strensall, Yorkshire. In 1911 he was living with his wife and daughter, Hilda, aged 1 year at 31 Newby Street, Ripon, Yorkshire. Occupation, Railway Platelayer.

At rest in Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No 2, Somme, France.

 

HEBB Nathan John William. Private 350, D Coy, 19th Durham Light Infantry killed in action 27th May 1918 aged 24. Son of Eliza Parrot (formerly Hebb), (nee Lazenby), of Strensall, York, and the late Nathan William Hebb. Born at Beverley, Yorkshire. Born at Beverley, Yorkshire, at rest in Hedauville Communal Cemetery, Extension, Somme, France, four miles North West of Albert, France.

Some notes from what remains of his army records.

He joined up at Hull, Yorkshire on the 15th June 1916 aged 19 and 9 months, occupation, farm hand. He was living at 29 Green Lane, Hull with his mother Eliza Parrott and stepfather. They previously lived at at Balaby's Yard, Strensall, Yorkshire. He embarked for France on the 2nd December 1916 disembarking the same day at Etaples. He joined the 15th Battalion at Etaples from Base Depot, on the 1st December 1916, later posted to the 10th Battalion on the 13th December 1916. He was wounded in the right thigh by gun shot whilst in action at Etaples on the 9th April 1917. Treated at 43rd Casualty Clearing Station, then at 20th Casualty Clearing Station, at some date transferred to No 7 Canadian General Hospital, Etaples. On the 17th April 1917 he was invalided to England on Hospital Ship, Cambria. He was admitted into No 4 Northern General Hospital, Lincoln on the 20th April 1917 and discharged fit for war service on the 16th May 1917 and posted to the Depot. He embarked from Folkestone on the 18th July 1917 disembarking the same day at Boulogne. He was posted to the 11th battalion on the 18th July, on the 25th September 1917 posted to the 19th battalion and joined his battalion in the field from Base Depot on the 29th September 1917. On the 27th May 1918 he was killed in action in France.

 

CULSHAW, Alfred William. Pilot Officer, Pilot 55480, 96 Squadron, Royal Air Force died 14th June 1945 aged 26. Son of Alfred Henry Douglas and Dorothy Yeates nee Hogarth. Husband of Murial Culshaw of Strensall, Yorkshire. He was married in 1940 to Murial Rosher. At rest in Delhi War Cemetery, India.

 

KILKENNY, John Bernard. Corporal 4753263, York and Lancaster Regiment died 7th October 1945. Son of John and Alice Kilkenny,of Strensall. At rest in Adwick-Le-Street Cemetery, Yorkshire.

 

NEWSUM Gordon Herbert. Major 85307, 4th Lincolnshire Regiment died 17th November 1944 aged 29. Son of Herbert Edward and Doris Irene Newsum, husband of Gertrude Bettine Newsum, of Strensall, Yorkshire. At rest in Nederweert War Cemetery, Limburg, Netherlands.

 

L'Exposition The World of Steve McCurry presente plus de 200 photos imprimees en grand format. Elle est la retrospective dediee au grand photographe americain la plus vaste et la plus complete. On peut y admirer ses photos les plus celebres, realisees tout au long de ses 35 ans de carriere, mais egalement ses cliches les plus recents et maintes photos inedites. Chacune des images de Steve McCurry, pour la plupart connues dans le monde entier, renferme un univers complexe d'experiences et d'emotions. l'Exposition, concue par Biba Giacchetti, propose un long voyage dans The World of Steve McCurry, de l'Afghanistan a l'Inde, de l'Asie du Sud-Est a l'Afrique, de Cuba aux Etats-Unis, du Bresil a l'Italie, a travers son vaste et fascinant repertoire d'images, ou l'Humain est toujours le protagoniste principal, meme s'il n'est qu'evoque.

In Brussels to pay tribute to the victims (and their family and friends) of the cowardly terrorist attacks in Brussels on 22-3 and ofcourse to the beautiful city of Brussels itself.

STANDBEELD VAN DE GRAVEN EGMONT EN HOORN

 

Philip de Montmorency (1524 - 5 June 1568, Brussels) was also known as Count of Horn or Hoorne or Hoorn.

 

De Montmorency was born, between 1518 and 1526, possibly at the Ooidonk Castle, as the son of Jozef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont. His father died in 1530 in Italy, and his mother remarried Johan II, Count of Horn, one of the wealthiest nobles of the Netherlands, who, in 1540, left the County of Horne to his wife's children on condition that they should assume his name.

 

A page and later chamberlain at the court of Charles V, de Montmorency married Walburgis of Neuenahr in 1546. He became stadtholder of Guelders (Dutch: Gelderland) in 1555, an Admiral of Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen), and a knight of the Golden Fleece (Dutch: Orde van het Gulden Vlies) in 1556.

 

In 1559 he commanded the stately fleet which conveyed Philip II from the Netherlands to Spain, and he remained at the Spanish court until 1563. On his return he placed himself with the Prince of Orange and Count of Egmont at the head of the party which opposed the policy of Cardinal Granvelle. When Granvelle retired, the three nobles continued to resist the introduction of the Spanish Inquisition and of Spanish rule in the Netherlands. Though Philip appeared for a time to give way, he had made up his mind to punish the opponents of his policy. The regent, Margaret, duchess of Parma, was replaced by the duke of Alva, who entered the Netherlands at the head of a veteran army. Orange fled from the country, but Egmont and Horn, despite his warning, decided to remain and face the storm. They were both seized, tried and condemned as traitors. Ceaseless but vain efforts were made to obtain a fair trial for Horn, and appeals for clemency on his behalf were made by potentates in all parts of the continent. Egmont and Horn were decapitated on 5 June 1568 in the great square of the Grote Markt (Market Place) before the town hall at Brussels.

 

Nowadays, a statue erected on the Petit Sablon / Kleine Zavel Square, near the Large Market Square in Brussels commemorates the Counts of Egmont and Hoorne, in historical overview usually mentioned together as "Egmond en Hoorne" and hailed as the first leaders of the Dutch revolt, as the predecessors of William of Orange, who grew to importance and obtained the leadership after their execution, and who was assassinated in 1584 in Delft, having succeeded in liberating parts of The Netherlands in the early years of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648).

 

Van Egmont("Egmond") and De Montmorency ("Hoorne"), who both remained faithful to Catholicism, are mostly celebrated as the symbolic leaders in the national history of Belgium, with its catholic majority. William of Orange, brought up as a Lutheran, was a proponent of freedom of religion for all people, and grew to fame as the actual powerful leader in the national history of The Netherlands, where protestantism dominated and for many years even ruled as an official state religion.

 

The sentence "Den Coninck van Hispaengien heb ick altijt gheeert" in the 1st stanza of the Dutch national hymn Het Wilhelmus ("To the King of Spain I always paid my respect") refers to the initial loyalty of these three leading figures of the Dutch Revolt, the Counts of Hoorne and Egmont and the Prince of Orange, to Philip II and their claim that they merely objected against some hardships of the Spanish rule over The Netherlands as executed by Philips' emissaries, especially concerning the taxation and the merciless and cruel religious prosecutions, in the form of hanging and burning of protestants by the Spanish Inquisition, the latter being a human rights issue before this term was coined in the 18th Century

 

Dawn in Place de la Bourse, Bourdeaux #aquitaine #architecture #architecturelovers #bdx #bourse #dawn #france #gironde #hipsta_junky #hipstaconnect #hipstagram #hipstamatic #hipstography #histaoftheday #ig_bordeaux #ig_europe #ig_france #igersaquitaine #igersfrance #igersgironde #igfrance #labourse #lowy #oggl #placedelabourse #plaza #square #street #streetphotography #tram

 

33 Likes on Instagram

  

The Postcard

 

A postally unused postcard bearing no publisher's name. The card, which has a divided back, was printed in England.

 

Although the card was not posted, someone has written on the back:

 

"15th. Sept. '43."

 

Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart

 

Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Ninian Edward Crichton-Stuart, who was born on the 15th. May 1883, was a Scottish senior officer in the British Army and Member of Parliament. Ninian entered the army in 1903, and served in the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders and the Scots Guards as a lieutenant. He was killed in action during the Great War.

 

After marrying he began a career in politics, serving first as a councillor on Fife County Council, Scotland. His family having close connections to the city of Cardiff in Wales, he fought and lost the January 1910 election there as a Liberal Unionist candidate. The resulting hung parliament led to a second election in December 1910, in which Crichton-Stuart won the seat.

 

In 1912, he took command of the 6th. (Glamorgan) Battalion, The Welch Regiment. Upon the outbreak of the Great War, he volunteered his unit for service. and joined the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front.

 

After eleven months in the front line, he was shot in the head and killed when leading his men in an attempt to repel a German counter-attack on the 2nd. October 1915 during the Battle of Loos.

 

He was one of 22 MPs that were killed during the conflict, and the only serving MP from Wales to be killed.

 

The home ground of Cardiff City F.C. was named Ninian Park after Crichton-Stuart offered to be a guarantor for the football club's rental of the site. After his death, a statue of Crichton-Stuart was erected in Cathays Park in Cardiff.

 

Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart - The Early Years

 

Crichton-Stuart was born at Dumfries House in Ayrshire, Scotland. He was the second son of John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, and his wife, the Honourable Gwendolen Mary Anne Fitzalan Howard, daughter of Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Glossop. Through his father, he was an illegitimate descendant of the House of Stuart.

 

Ninian was educated at Harrow School, showing promise in mathematics and foreign languages, and was expected to enter the diplomatic service. To further his studies, he travelled to Kiev in the Russian Empire and became a proficient Russian speaker.

 

However, he was forced to return home after contracting a severe fever, and instead attended Christ Church, Oxford once he had recovered. His family's estate included numerous properties and considerable land in Cardiff, including Cardiff Castle, and Crichton-Stuart frequently visited the city, including accompanying his father on visits to Bute docks. He also learnt to speak Welsh.

 

Crichton-Stuart later chose to enter the army and was commissioned in 1903 into the 3rd. Battalion of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders. He then served for two years in the 1st Battalion, the Scots Guards as a 2nd. lieutenant.

 

Marriage, Philanthropy and Political Career

 

In 1905, Crichton-Stuart met the Honourable Ismay Preston, the only daughter of Jenico Preston, 14th. Viscount Gormanston and Georgina Jane Connelan, at the wedding of his brother John Crichton-Stuart and Augusta Bellingham where he was best man and Preston was a bridesmaid.

 

The couple announced their engagement in January 1906 and married six months later, on the 16th. June, at her family estate at Gormanston Castle. Following their marriage, Crichton-Stuart transferred into the Army Reserve and decided to enter politics in order to be closer to his wife and manage his family's estate in Falkland, Fife.

 

Crichton-Stuart first served on Fife County Council in his native Scotland, and took a keen interest in local agriculture, becoming president of Fife Agricultural Society. He was later named as a member of a committee appointed by the president of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries to study the rights of tenant farmers when their land was sold or their landlords died. Crichton-Stuart also held the office of Justice of the Peace for Fife.

 

Cardiff

 

Crichton-Stuart's family had a history of serving in parliament for the Cardiff area, his great uncle Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart having held the post on two occasions. In August 1907, at a meeting of the Cardiff Conservative Association, Crichton-Stuart was invited to be the Unionist candidate for the United Boroughs of Cardiff, Cowbridge and Llantrisant. Soon after his selection, he and his wife had their first child, named Ninian Patrick Crichton-Stuart, on the 31st. October 1907.

 

Lord Ninian's campaign for election was based on reform of the Poor Law and extending the age range of the old age pension. He also stressed his desire to preserve and strengthen the military forces of Great Britain.

 

He lost the election in January 1910, but did manage to reduce the majority by half from the previous election in 1906.

 

On polling day, Lord Ninian's son caught a chill being driven around Cardiff and later died. He was buried near Falkland Palace in Fife.

 

Despite Ninian's defeat, his popularity among voters was increasing, and at the end of the election campaign a crowd of thousands of people came to see Crichton-Stuart and his wife travel to the train station.

 

The crowd gathered outside the Angel Hotel where the couple were staying and, when they left, their carriage was pulled by around 60 volunteers. The procession stopped briefly outside Cardiff Conservative Club where Crichton-Stuart shook hands with numerous people and gave a short speech before continuing to the station.

 

The Evening Express remarked on the procession, stating:

 

"Never before has a parliamentary

candidate, victorious or defeated,

been so honoured by the people

of Cardiff".

 

Crichton-Stuart and his family did not permanently reside in Cardiff until he and his wife moved there in April 1910, moving into Penylan Court which had previously been the residence of William Tatem, 1st Baron Glanely.

 

A second election was held in December 1910 following a hung parliament, in which Crichton-Stuart was successful, taking the seat from the Liberal candidate Clarendon Hyde, with a majority of 299 votes, a turnaround of 1,800 votes in the space of ten months.

 

With a history in the military, the majority of the issues he raised before parliament concerned the armed forces, including the high costs that officers were faced with during manoeuvres and a petition to improve the weaponry provided to the British cavalry units.

 

Crichton-Stuart became a well-known figure in Cardiff, and was instrumental in promoting sport in the area. A keen sportsman himself, being proficient in shooting, fishing and motoring, he stabled horses in Cardiff and entered them into steeplechase competitions and races at Ely Racecourse.

 

In 1910, Cardiff City Football Club had secured the lease of a plot of land in order to build a new stadium. During development, one of the guarantors for the club pulled out and Crichton-Stuart instead offered his support for the project and acted as a guarantor for the £90 annual rent that the club had agreed to.

 

In recognition of his role in the building of the ground, the club dropped the original planned name of the ground, Sloper Park, and instead named it Ninian Park. The ground was officially opened on the 1st. September 1910, and Crichton-Stuart performed the kick-off for a friendly match between Cardiff and Football League First Division side Aston Villa. He was wearing a bowler hat at the time. Ninian was also a patron of the Lord Ninian Stuart Cup, a competition for local football teams.

 

Lord Crichton-Stuart in The Great War

 

On the 9th. March 1911, Crichton-Stuart was promoted as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6th. (Glamorgan) Battalion, The Welch Regiment and took command of the battalion the following year. It was an experienced unit, being the oldest Swansea volunteer corps, and they were often used as a guard of honour during royal visits. Crichton-Stuart's wife Ismay chose the battalion colours of scarlet, silver and green.

 

Following the outbreak of the Great War, Ninian volunteered his battalion for service and they were shipped to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force, with 812 troops, 30 officers and 500 horses, becoming one of the first territorial battalions to join the war.

 

At the battalion drill hall in Swansea prior to their departure, Crichton-Stuart addressed the unit, stating:

 

"The greatest honour a man can receive

is that he has been provided with a chance

to give, if need be, the greatest that he has,

which is his life, for his country.

I do not doubt every man on this parade will

give it and give it as willingly as I mean to

give it myself."

 

On their arrival at the Western Front, the 6th. were initially used to support lines of communication for guard and fatigue duties, first in Boulogne-sur-Mer before moving to Saint-Omer.

 

The posting greatly frustrated Crichton-Stuart who was eager to join the fighting. In July 1915, they were transferred to the front, and took part in operations at Heuvelland where they were labelled "The Lucky 6th." by other units due to their relatively low number of wounded. Crichton-Stuart gained a reputation as a leader who was "always concerned with the welfare of his men".

 

The Death of Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart

 

On the night of the 1st. October 1915, during the Battle of Loos, the 6th. Battalion was part of a force that successfully charged and captured a set of enemy trenches at the Hohenzollern Redoubt, near La Bassée, despite suffering heavy losses.

 

Prior to the battle, the 6th. had not slept for two days, and had marched for 16 hours to reach the location. The following morning, the German troops launched a counter-attack to retake the trenches, and the two Welsh battalions that were holding them were split from each other.

 

Crichton-Stuart ordered the digging of a sap trench in order to reach the other units, but prolonged attacks from three sides left the unit short of ammunition and other supplies, and the order was given to abandon the trench and retreat.

 

During the start of the evacuation of the trench, Ninian was shot in the head by a German sniper after firing his revolver over the trench parapet.

 

In the days before steel helmets were routinely worn, Ninian died instantly at the age of 32, the only serving Welsh MP to be killed during the conflict.

 

The British Brodie steel helmet was only introduced in small numbers in April 1916, and did not become more widely available until the summer of that year. There was initially some resistance to the wearing of helmets amongst some British generals - they thought that Brodies looked "unsoldierly, and that they would make the men go ‘soft’.”

 

An officer in his regiment reported that:

 

"Crichton-Stuart was to be found

wherever danger threatened.

His death has cast a gloom over

the battalion".

 

Several reports state that he may have been attempting to rally his troops in order to mount a search party to locate his friend Major Reginald C. Browning, who was last seen in a trench that had been overrun by German troops.

 

Ninian's body was returned to battalion headquarters and placed in a zinc-lined coffin in a church in the town of Sailly-Labourse. The coffin was held in the church vault until the spring of 1918, with the intention of returning it to Great Britain at the end of the war.

 

However a German artillery bombardment damaged the vaults, and his body was instead buried in the grounds of the Béthune Town Cemetery in a Catholic ceremony.

 

Crichton-Stuart had served for eleven months on the front line before his death. Of the 842 members of the 6th. Battalion who had begun the war, only 30 survived.

 

There was an outpouring of grief when his death was announced and his wife Ismay received numerous letters of condolence, including one from Margaret Lloyd George, the wife of David Lloyd George. Ismay died on the 16th. February 1975 aged 92.

 

The Legacy of Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart

 

Lord Crichton-Stuart is commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs and officers of the House of Commons who died during the First World War to be named on that memorial.

 

Crichton-Stuart is one of 19 MPs who fell in the war who are commemorated by heraldic shields in the Commons Chamber.

 

A further act of commemoration came with the unveiling in 1932 of a manuscript-style illuminated book of remembrance for the House of Commons, which includes a biographical account of his life and death.

 

Ninian Road in Roath Park, one of the Bute estate developments from the early twentieth century, continues to bear his name.

 

Ninian Park maintained its name until it was closed and demolished in 2009 following the construction of the Cardiff City's new ground, the Cardiff City Stadium, although one side of the new ground was named the Ninian Stand.

 

A housing estate was built on the site of the former ground and retained the name Ninian Park. The nearby Ninian Park Railway Station and Ninian Park Primary School also bear his name.

 

A chapel commissioned to be built on the family estate in Falkland as a memorial to Crichton-Stuart's son who died at the age of two still stands partially built after work was abandoned following Crichton-Stuart's death.

 

The Lord Crichton-Stuart Statue

 

A statute of Lord Crichton-Stuart was commissioned soon after his death. Sculpted by Sir William Goscombe John, the statue was placed in Gorsedd Gardens in Cathays Park.

 

The statue depicts Crichton-Stuart in military uniform with binoculars in his right hand and papers in his left, in a design intended to show him surveying the battlefield.

 

The Introduction of The Bazooka

 

So what else happened on Wednesday the 15th. September 1943?

 

Well, on that day the United States Army revealed the existence of its formerly top secret weapon, the bazooka (officially the AT M-1 rocket launcher), the first rocket-propelled grenade weapon.

 

A demonstration was given to assembled reporters at the Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia.

 

Benito Mussolini

 

Also on the 15th. September 1943, three days after being freed from imprisonment by Germany, and seven weeks after his overthrow in July, Benito Mussolini was restored to the leadership of Italy by the Nazi occupiers.

 

German paratroopers also landed in St. Peter's Square at Vatican City in Rome, despite the Vatican's neutrality in the war.

 

Mussolini made his announcement of a return to power from Adolf Hitler's headquarters at Rastenburg.

The Berlaymont is an office building in Brussels, Belgium that houses the headquarters of the European Commission, which is the executive of the European Union (EU). The structure is located at Schuman roundabout at 200 Rue de la Loi, in what is known as the "European district".

 

The building has housed the European Commission since its construction, and has become a symbol of the Commission (its name becoming a metonymy for the Commission) and the European presence in Brussels. The Commission itself is spread over some 60 odd buildings, but the Berlaymont is the institution's headquarters, being the seat of the President of the European Commission and its College of Commissioners.

 

The following Directorates-General (departments) are also based in the Berlaymont: Personnel and Administration (ADMIN), Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA), Communication (COMM), Brussels Office of Infrastructure and Logistics (OIB), Secretariat-General (SG) and the Legal Service

 

The office of the President and the Commission boardroom are on the 13th floor (occupied by the President in defiance of superstition surrounding the number), together with the meeting room of the Hebdo and the restaurant La Convivialité.

 

With the number of European civil servants rapidly growing since their arrival in Brussels in 1958, the European Commission required more and more office space across the city. By 1965, the Commission alone had 3,200 staff scattered across 8 different cramped buildings. The situation, which started as soon as they arrived due to the lack of large office blocks, became critical and the Commission tried to concentrate its staff in a number of rented buildings around Schuman roundabout. The Belgian government, becoming aware of the problem and keen to ensure that the Commission stayed, offered to build a prestigious administration complex large enough to house the entire staff. President Walter Hallstein was interested but cautious about making long-term commitments while the issue of where the institutions were based was still being discussed. However, the need for office space was overwhelming.

 

The Belgian government's proposal required sufficient land which would preferably be in the Leopold Quarter (where they were already based) and near the homes of the civil servants to the south and east. The land chosen was then occupied by the Dames de Berlaymont, a 300 year old convent which managed a venerable girls' school.The convent and school moved to a larger and quieter site out of the city centre in Waterloo. Once the Belgian state finished their new school and built infrastructure to it, the Dames de Berlaymont handed the site, which they had been under pressure to sell to developers for years, to the Belgian government in November 1963.

 

To organise what was needed, the Belgian Foreign Minister Pierre Wigny suggested a "Commission consultative Berlaymont", where the Commission, the Belgian Public Works Ministry, the contractors and the architects could draw up the plans. However, the Belgian state desired a building not just tailored to the Commission, but something that could be used by its own civil servants were the Commission to leave. This was also why they favoured a central office building rather than the project for the construction of a "European city" on the Etterbeek. Due to the plans not meeting their exact desires, the Commission gained a lower rent.

 

The work was planned so that as soon as each wing was complete, staff could move in while the rest of the building was still under construction. The north and east wings were to be completed first (estimated for August 1961 though that proved optimistic). The south would take longer given the need to demolish more buildings including the girls school, with the Dames du Berlaymont unable to vacate until 1963. The Belgian government, realising that budgetary constraints meant it could not meet any of the deadlines, resorted to outside funding from the Office de sécurité sociale d'Outre-mer (OSSOM). OSSOM would own the land but the building would be constructed and rented by the Belgian government with rent deducted from its contribution to OSSOM's budget. Eventually it would buy it in 1985 through regular instalments while it was being sublet to the Commission. OSSOM awarded the construction contract to an association of entrepreneurs: Enterprises François et Fils with Compagnie belge des Chemins de fer et d'entreprises, Compagnie industrielle de travaux and Armand Blaton. The lack of a public tender was criticised by the Belgian audit office.

  

The Berlaymont in 1975, President François-Xavier Ortoli seen in the centre.In 1963, the first wing (north east) entered its active phase and was scheduled to be finished by the end of 1965. Concreting on that wing was finished in November 1964, completion was pushed back from the start of 1966 by a year due to the rail companies failing to vault the nearby railway line that prevented access to the ground floor. The wing was completed on 1 February 1967, with the first civil servants moving in three months later. The three month gap was due to disagreements about the conditions of the lease. The Belgian state was to lease the whole building to the Commission starting from when the work was finished, however the other member states found the cost excessive and wanted to explore other options, gaining a lease for the one and only completed wing instead. The lease came into effect on 1 May 1967 and cost €545,366 (the whole building would be €4.82 million, a reduction of €2.48 million taking into account construction costs). The building was only fully occupied at the beginning of September of that year

 

All information is provided in good faith but, on occasions errors may occur. Should this be the case, if new information can be verified please supply it to the author and corrections will then be made.

 

This memorial has been compiled with additional information by kind permission of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, and from Ancestry.co.uk

 

Remember before God in prayer and thanksgiving the brave men of this parish who fell in the GREAT WAR 1914 - 1918.

 

ARIS, Alexander Christie. Private SE/33581, Wessel Deal Vet. Hospital. (Romsay) Army Veterinary Corps died Winchester Military Hospital, 31st October 1918. Born at Gealing Nottinghamshire, enlisted at Northallerton, Yorkshire. Son of Philip Tom Kelham who was granted a war gratuity on the 17th March 1919. His mother was called Jessie Mary, nee Christie . In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at Foss Cottage, Strensall Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire, at rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

 

BOYES Henry (Memorial has Harry) Private 41972, 10th Lancashire Fusiliers, formerly 043139, Royal Army Service Corps, killed in action 12th May 1917 aged 27. Son of Richard and Mary Boyes, of Pottery Lane, Strensall, Yorks and brother of Wilfred who also fell. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire, also on the Arras Memorial, France.

 

BOYES Wilfred. Private 29293, 8th Border Regiment killed in action 10th April 1918 aged 19. Son of Richard and Mary Boyes, of Pottery Lane, Strensall, Yorkshire and brother of Henry who also fell. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire also on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Hainaut, Belgium.

 

BROWN William Henry. Quartermaster Sergeant 13845, 11th West Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in France 27th September 1916 aged 21. Son of William Henry and Fanny of Hook House, Strensall, Yorkshire. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at Strensall, Yorkshire, died in France 27th September 1916. His effects went to his mother, Fanny. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire, at rest in Flatiron Copse Cemetery, Mametz, Somme, France.

 

CLARK Fred Leonard. Private 18935, 7th Yorkshire Hussars, killed in action 22nd December 1917. He was baptised at Stillingfleet, Yorkshire, son of William Roxby and Elizabeth Clark. In 1911 he was aged 19 and living with his parents at Strensall, Yorkshire. Occupation, joiner. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire, at rest in Neuville-Bourjonval British Cemetery, France.

 

COATES William. Private 63236, 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment , formerly 27904, Yorkshire Regiment . Died of wounds 25th October 1916 aged 29. Son of Edwin and Jane Hannah, nee Adamson of Pottery Lane, Strensall. Some notes from what remains of his army records. He joined up at Richmond, Yorkshire 12th May 1916 aged 27 and 1 month. He lived at Pottery Lane, Strensall, Yorkshire with his parents. Prior to enlistment he worked as a farm labourer, previously served as Able Seaman 233399, Royal Navy for 10 years. He embarked for France on the 21st September 1916, received a gun shot wound to his left scapula in France on the 8th October 1918. Invalided to Hudersfield War Hospital, Yorkshire and admitted on the 13th October. He died of his wounds in this hospital on the 25th October 1918. He joined the Royal Navy on the 14th April 1907 for a period of 12 years. He was born on the 14th April 1889 at Leeds, Yorkshire. He trained on training ship HMS Ganges, Royal Navy shore establishment. He served on many ships. His first was HMS Euryalus. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Euryalus_(1901)

His last ship was HMS Pembroke I. He was discharged from the navy on the 22nd November 1913. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire. At rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

 

FAIRBANK Geoffrey Thurnam. Lance Corporal 8274, 20thRoyal Fusiliers killed in action 16th April 1917. Lived at Strensall, son of Frank Graham and Ada Harrison, nee Burkill of The White Cottage, Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire at rest in Wancourt British Cemetery, France.

 

HODGSON Percy Donald. Gunner 775534, B Battery, 245th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery died of wounds 11th May 1918 aged 21, Son of Edwin Booker Hodgson and Louisa Hodgson, of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire at rest in Esquelbecq Military Cemetery, Nord France.

 

INNS Henry Edward. Private 3308, 5th Yorkshire Regiment died 14th April 1916 aged 19. Son of Edward and Annie Inns, of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire at rest in Bailleul Communal Cemetery Extension, Nord France.

 

LAWRENCE Henry Bertie. Private 78775, 18th Welch Regiment, formerly 7636, Border Regiment, killed in action 20th September 1918. Husband of Mrs. Annie Cecilia, nee Horton of Ivy Cottage, Strensall, York .Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire at rest in Sailly-Labourse Communal Cemetery Extension, France.

 

ROBINSON Frederick Edward. Private 35064, Depot of Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, formerly 4141 Yorkshire Regiment. Died 25th January 1918 aged 32 at Norfolk War Hospital, Thorpe, Norwich. Son of Robert and Mary Jane. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire. At rest in St Mary's Churchyard, Strensall, Yorkshire.

www.geograph.org.uk/snippet/4751

 

STRACHAN Alexander Gibbon. Lance Corporal 9584, 1/8th West Yorkshire Regiment killed in action 9th October 1917. Son of Alexander George Gibbon and Mary Ann. In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at 41, A Block, Married Quarters, Strensall Camp. Yorks. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire at rest in Tyne Cot Cemetery, Belgium.

 

SYKES Christopher. Private G/52280, 23rd Middlesex Regiment killed in action 21st September 1917 aged 27. Son of Thomas and Jane Sykes, of Woodhouse Farm, Strensall, York, husband of Annie Sykes, of West Cottingwith, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire also on the Tyne Cot Memorial, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium.

 

YOUNG George. Private 36758, 1/8th Lancashire Fusiliers, formerly 26774 Yorkshire Regiment. Died 11th November 1918 aged 35. Son John William and Mary Jane Young, of Cobb's Cottage, Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire, at rest in Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied Extension, Hainaut, Belgium.

 

1939 - 1945

REMEMBER

 

MCCULLOCH John. It may be the following. McCULLOCH John Henry, Lance Sergeant 6921081, 1st Manchester Regiment died 13th July 1944 aged 21. Husband of Kathleen, nee Melody who he married in York 1944. She was living at Clifton, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Stensall, Yorkshire. At rest in Brouay War Cemetery, Calvados, France

 

PORTE Reginald. Private 4868370, 2nd Hampshire Regiment died 10th September 1943 aged 20. Son of Arthur and Gladys Faith Porte, (nee Leadbeater) of Flaxton, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Strensall, Yorkshire, at rest in Massicault War Cemetery, Tunisia.

 

RIDGEON George. Trooper 321797, 4/7th Royal Dragoon Guards, Royal Armoured Corps died 21st May 1940 aged 19. Son of Harold William and Annie Ridgeon, of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Strensall, Yorkshire, at rest in Lessines New Communal Cemetery, Belgium.

 

WOOD Herbert Henry. Private 3195665, 6th Seaforth Highlanders died 19th March 1944 aged 27. Son of Lily Wood of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Strensall, Yorkshire, also on the Cassino Memorial, Italy.

 

WORTHINGTON, Ronald Arthur. Private 14612497, 1st Essex Regiment died 22nd April 1944 aged 19. Son of Arthur and Rachael Annie of Strensall, Yorkshire. Commemorated on a memorial in St Mary's Church, Strensall, Yorkshire, at rest in Kohima War Cemetery, India.

 

Who gave their lives in the World War.

 

In the 10th century, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine constructed a fort on Saint-Géry Island, the point at which the Senne river became navigable. This was the seed of what would become Brussels. By the end of the 11th century, an open-air marketplace was set up on a dried-up marsh near the fort that was surrounded by sandbanks. The market was called the Nedermerckt, or Lower Market.

 

The market likely developed around the same time as the commercial development of Brussels. A document from 1174 mentions a lower market (Latin: forum inferius) not far from the port on the Senne river. The market was well situated along the Steenweg (Dutch: Causeway), an important commercial road which connected the prosperous regions of the Rhineland and the County of Flanders.

 

At the beginning of the 13th century, three indoor markets were built on the northern edge of the Grand Place; a meat market, a bread market and a cloth market.These buildings, which belonged to the Duke of Brabant, allowed the wares to be showcased even in bad weather, but also allowed the Dukes to keep track of the storage and sale of goods, in order to collect taxes. Other buildings, made of wood or stone, enclosed the Grand Place.

 

Improvements to the Grand Place from the 14th century onwards would mark the rise in importance of local merchants and tradesmen relative to the nobility. Short on money, the Duke transferred control of mills and commerce to the local authorities. The city of Brussels, as with the neighbouring cities of Mechelen and Leuven constructed a large indoor cloth market to the south of the square. At this point, the square was still haphazardly laid out, and the buildings along the edges had a motley tangle of gardens and irregular additions.The city expropriated and demolished a number of buildings that clogged the Grand Place, and formally defined the edges of the square.

 

The Brussels City Hall was built on the south side of the square in stages between 1401 and 1455, and made the Grand Place the seat of municipal power. It towers 96 metres (315 ft) high, and is capped by a 3 metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon. To counter this symbol of municipal power, from 1504 to 1536 the Duke of Brabant built a large building across from the city hall as symbol of ducal power.[3] It was built on the site of the first cloth and bread markets, which were no longer in use, and it became known as the King's House (Middle Dutch: 's Conincxhuys), although no king has ever lived there. It is currently known as the Maison du roi (King's House) in French, though in Dutch it continues to be called the Broodhuis (Breadhouse), after the market whose place it took. Wealthy merchants and the increasingly powerful guilds of Brussels built houses around the edge of the square.

 

On August 13, 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire.

 

The square was rebuilt in the following four years by the city's guilds. Their efforts were regulated by the city councillors and the Governor of Brussels, who required that their plans be submitted to the authorities for their approval. This helped to deliver a remarkably harmonious layout for the rebuilt Grand Place, despite the ostensibly clashing combination of Gothic, Baroque and Louis XIV styles.

 

In the late 18th century, revolutionaries sacked the Grand Place, destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity. The guildhalls were seized by the state and sold. The buildings were neglected and left in poor condition, with their façades painted, stuccoed and damaged by pollution. In the late 19th century, mayor Charles Buls had the Grand Place returned to its former splendour, with buildings being reconstructed or restored.

 

The Grand Place continued to serve as a market until November 19, 1959, and it is still called the Grote Markt or Great Market in Dutch. Neighbouring streets still reflect the area's origins, named after the sellers of butter, cheese, herring, coal and so on. The Grand Place was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1998. One of the houses was owned by the brewers' guild, and is now the home of a brewers' museum.

 

Brussels Grand-Place was voted the most beautiful square in Europe in 2010. A survey by a Dutch website (stedentripper.com) asked its users to rate different squares across Europe. Moscow’s Red Square and the Place Stanislas in Nancy, France, took second and third place.

 

Autumn in Brussels

Oscar Anderson

 

Charles Brown

 

Harry Brown

 

Willie Brown

 

BRUTY, FREDERICK JAMES

Rank: Private

Regiment/Service: Bedfordshire Regiment

Unit Text: 2nd Bn.

Date of Death: 23/10/1918

Service No: 35265

Additional information: (Buried Karachi Cem. A/E. B. 12.).

Memorial: DELHI MEMORIAL (INDIA GATE)

 

CAVILL, CHARLES

Rank: Lance Corporal

Regiment/Service: Bedfordshire Regiment

Unit Text: 6th Bn.

Age: 27

Date of Death: 23/04/1917

Service No: 12214

Additional information: Son of Mrs. Drucilla Cavill, of Parvills Farm, Down Hall, Harlow, Essex.

Memorial: ARRAS MEMORIAL

 

COOK, WILLIAM EDWARD

Rank: Second Lieutenant

Regiment/Service: King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry

Unit Text: 2nd Bn.

Age: 33

Date of Death: 12/03/1917

Additional information: Son of Willam Edward Cook; husband of Doris Cook, of Old School House Hatfield Heath, Harlow, Essex. Born at Grimsby.

Cemetery: ROSIERES COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION

 

DAY, ERNEST GEORGE

Rank: Private

Regiment/Service: Grenadier Guards

Unit Text: 1st Bn.

Age: 19

Date of Death: 18/10/1915

Service No: 18910

Additional information: Son of George and Sarah Day, of Ardley End, Hatfield Heath, Harlow, Essex.

Cemetery: SAILLY-LABOURSE COMMUNAL CEMETERY

 

Alfred Eaton

     

The Grand Place or Grote Markt is the central square of Brussels. It is surrounded by guildhalls, the city's Town Hall, and the Breadhouse (French: Maison du Roi, Dutch: Broodhuis). The square is the most important tourist destination and most memorable landmark in Brussels, along with the Atomium and Manneken Pis. It measures 68 by 110 metres (223 by 360 ft), and it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

 

In the 10th century, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine constructed a fort on Saint-Géry Island, the point at which the Senne river became navigable. This was the seed of what would become Brussels. By the end of the 11th century, an open-air marketplace was set up on a dried-up marsh near the fort that was surrounded by sandbanks. The market was called the Nedermerckt, or Lower Market.

 

The market likely developed around the same time as the commercial development of Brussels. A document from 1174 mentions a lower market (Latin: forum inferius) not far from the port on the Senne river. The market was well situated along the Steenweg (Dutch: Causeway), an important commercial road which connected the prosperous regions of the Rhineland and the County of Flanders.

 

At the beginning of the 13th century, three indoor markets were built on the northern edge of the Grand Place; a meat market, a bread market and a cloth market.[3] These buildings, which belonged to the Duke of Brabant, allowed the wares to be showcased even in bad weather, but also allowed the Dukes to keep track of the storage and sale of goods, in order to collect taxes. Other buildings, made of wood or stone, enclosed the Grand Place.

 

Improvements to the Grand Place from the 14th century onwards would mark the rise in importance of local merchants and tradesmen relative to the nobility. Short on money, the Duke transferred control of mills and commerce to the local authorities. The city of Brussels, as with the neighbouring cities of Mechelen and Leuven constructed a large indoor cloth market to the south of the square. At this point, the square was still haphazardly laid out, and the buildings along the edges had a motley tangle of gardens and irregular additions. The city expropriated and demolished a number of buildings that clogged the Grand Place, and formally defined the edges of the square.

 

The Brussels City Hall was built on the south side of the square in stages between 1401 and 1455, and made the Grand Place the seat of municipal power. It towers 96 metres (315 ft) high, and is capped by a 3 metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon. To counter this symbol of municipal power, from 1504 to 1536 the Duke of Brabant built a large building across from the city hall as symbol of ducal power.[3] It was built on the site of the first cloth and bread markets, which were no longer in use, and it became known as the King's House (Middle Dutch: 's Conincxhuys), although no king has ever lived there. It is currently known as the Maison du roi (King's House) in French, though in Dutch it continues to be called the Broodhuis (Breadhouse), after the market whose place it took. Wealthy merchants and the increasingly powerful guilds of Brussels built houses around the edge of the square.

 

On August 13, 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire.

  

Guildhalls on the Grand PlaceThe square was rebuilt in the following four years by the city's guilds. Their efforts were regulated by the city councillors and the Governor of Brussels, who required that their plans be submitted to the authorities for their approval. This helped to deliver a remarkably harmonious layout for the rebuilt Grand Place, despite the ostensibly clashing combination of Gothic, Baroque and Louis XIV styles.

In the late 18th century, revolutionaries sacked the Grand Place, destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity.The guildhalls were seized by the state and sold. The buildings were neglected and left in poor condition, with their façades painted, stuccoed and damaged by pollution. In the late 19th century, mayor Charles Buls had the Grand Place returned to its former splendour, with buildings being reconstructed or restored.

 

The Grand Place continued to serve as a market until November 19, 1959, and it is still called the Grote Markt or Great Market in Dutch. Neighbouring streets still reflect the area's origins, named after the sellers of butter, cheese, herring, coal and so on. The Grand Place was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1998. One of the houses was owned by the brewers' guild, and is now the home of a brewers' museum.

 

Brussels Grand-Place was voted the most beautiful square in Europe in 2010. A survey by a Dutch website (stedentripper.com) asked its users to rate different squares across Europe. Moscow’s Red Square and the Place Stanislas in Nancy, France, took second and third place.

 

In the 10th century, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine constructed a fort on Saint-Géry Island, the point at which the Senne river became navigable. This was the seed of what would become Brussels. By the end of the 11th century, an open-air marketplace was set up on a dried-up marsh near the fort that was surrounded by sandbanks. The market was called the Nedermerckt, or Lower Market.

 

The market likely developed around the same time as the commercial development of Brussels. A document from 1174 mentions a lower market (Latin: forum inferius) not far from the port on the Senne river. The market was well situated along the Steenweg (Dutch: Causeway), an important commercial road which connected the prosperous regions of the Rhineland and the County of Flanders.

 

At the beginning of the 13th century, three indoor markets were built on the northern edge of the Grand Place; a meat market, a bread market and a cloth market.These buildings, which belonged to the Duke of Brabant, allowed the wares to be showcased even in bad weather, but also allowed the Dukes to keep track of the storage and sale of goods, in order to collect taxes. Other buildings, made of wood or stone, enclosed the Grand Place.

 

Improvements to the Grand Place from the 14th century onwards would mark the rise in importance of local merchants and tradesmen relative to the nobility. Short on money, the Duke transferred control of mills and commerce to the local authorities. The city of Brussels, as with the neighbouring cities of Mechelen and Leuven constructed a large indoor cloth market to the south of the square. At this point, the square was still haphazardly laid out, and the buildings along the edges had a motley tangle of gardens and irregular additions.The city expropriated and demolished a number of buildings that clogged the Grand Place, and formally defined the edges of the square.

 

The Brussels City Hall was built on the south side of the square in stages between 1401 and 1455, and made the Grand Place the seat of municipal power. It towers 96 metres (315 ft) high, and is capped by a 3 metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon. To counter this symbol of municipal power, from 1504 to 1536 the Duke of Brabant built a large building across from the city hall as symbol of ducal power.[3] It was built on the site of the first cloth and bread markets, which were no longer in use, and it became known as the King's House (Middle Dutch: 's Conincxhuys), although no king has ever lived there. It is currently known as the Maison du roi (King's House) in French, though in Dutch it continues to be called the Broodhuis (Breadhouse), after the market whose place it took. Wealthy merchants and the increasingly powerful guilds of Brussels built houses around the edge of the square.

 

On August 13, 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire.

 

The square was rebuilt in the following four years by the city's guilds. Their efforts were regulated by the city councillors and the Governor of Brussels, who required that their plans be submitted to the authorities for their approval. This helped to deliver a remarkably harmonious layout for the rebuilt Grand Place, despite the ostensibly clashing combination of Gothic, Baroque and Louis XIV styles.

 

In the late 18th century, revolutionaries sacked the Grand Place, destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity. The guildhalls were seized by the state and sold. The buildings were neglected and left in poor condition, with their façades painted, stuccoed and damaged by pollution. In the late 19th century, mayor Charles Buls had the Grand Place returned to its former splendour, with buildings being reconstructed or restored.

 

The Grand Place continued to serve as a market until November 19, 1959, and it is still called the Grote Markt or Great Market in Dutch. Neighbouring streets still reflect the area's origins, named after the sellers of butter, cheese, herring, coal and so on. The Grand Place was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1998. One of the houses was owned by the brewers' guild, and is now the home of a brewers' museum.

 

Brussels Grand-Place was voted the most beautiful square in Europe in 2010. A survey by a Dutch website (stedentripper.com) asked its users to rate different squares across Europe. Moscow’s Red Square and the Place Stanislas in Nancy, France, took second and third place.

 

In the 10th century, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine constructed a fort on Saint-Géry Island, the point at which the Senne river became navigable. This was the seed of what would become Brussels. By the end of the 11th century, an open-air marketplace was set up on a dried-up marsh near the fort that was surrounded by sandbanks. The market was called the Nedermerckt, or Lower Market.

 

The market likely developed around the same time as the commercial development of Brussels. A document from 1174 mentions a lower market (Latin: forum inferius) not far from the port on the Senne river. The market was well situated along the Steenweg (Dutch: Causeway), an important commercial road which connected the prosperous regions of the Rhineland and the County of Flanders.

 

At the beginning of the 13th century, three indoor markets were built on the northern edge of the Grand Place; a meat market, a bread market and a cloth market.These buildings, which belonged to the Duke of Brabant, allowed the wares to be showcased even in bad weather, but also allowed the Dukes to keep track of the storage and sale of goods, in order to collect taxes. Other buildings, made of wood or stone, enclosed the Grand Place.

 

Improvements to the Grand Place from the 14th century onwards would mark the rise in importance of local merchants and tradesmen relative to the nobility. Short on money, the Duke transferred control of mills and commerce to the local authorities. The city of Brussels, as with the neighbouring cities of Mechelen and Leuven constructed a large indoor cloth market to the south of the square. At this point, the square was still haphazardly laid out, and the buildings along the edges had a motley tangle of gardens and irregular additions.The city expropriated and demolished a number of buildings that clogged the Grand Place, and formally defined the edges of the square.

 

The Brussels City Hall was built on the south side of the square in stages between 1401 and 1455, and made the Grand Place the seat of municipal power. It towers 96 metres (315 ft) high, and is capped by a 3 metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon. To counter this symbol of municipal power, from 1504 to 1536 the Duke of Brabant built a large building across from the city hall as symbol of ducal power.[3] It was built on the site of the first cloth and bread markets, which were no longer in use, and it became known as the King's House (Middle Dutch: 's Conincxhuys), although no king has ever lived there. It is currently known as the Maison du roi (King's House) in French, though in Dutch it continues to be called the Broodhuis (Breadhouse), after the market whose place it took. Wealthy merchants and the increasingly powerful guilds of Brussels built houses around the edge of the square.

 

On August 13, 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire.

 

The square was rebuilt in the following four years by the city's guilds. Their efforts were regulated by the city councillors and the Governor of Brussels, who required that their plans be submitted to the authorities for their approval. This helped to deliver a remarkably harmonious layout for the rebuilt Grand Place, despite the ostensibly clashing combination of Gothic, Baroque and Louis XIV styles.

 

In the late 18th century, revolutionaries sacked the Grand Place, destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity. The guildhalls were seized by the state and sold. The buildings were neglected and left in poor condition, with their façades painted, stuccoed and damaged by pollution. In the late 19th century, mayor Charles Buls had the Grand Place returned to its former splendour, with buildings being reconstructed or restored.

 

The Grand Place continued to serve as a market until November 19, 1959, and it is still called the Grote Markt or Great Market in Dutch. Neighbouring streets still reflect the area's origins, named after the sellers of butter, cheese, herring, coal and so on. The Grand Place was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1998. One of the houses was owned by the brewers' guild, and is now the home of a brewers' museum.

 

Brussels Grand-Place was voted the most beautiful square in Europe in 2010. A survey by a Dutch website (stedentripper.com) asked its users to rate different squares across Europe. Moscow’s Red Square and the Place Stanislas in Nancy, France, took second and third place.

 

In Brussels to pay tribute to the victims (and their family and friends) of the cowardly terrorist attacks in Brussels on 22-3 and ofcourse to the beautiful city of Brussels itself.

In the 10th century, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine constructed a fort on Saint-Géry Island, the point at which the Senne river became navigable. This was the seed of what would become Brussels. By the end of the 11th century, an open-air marketplace was set up on a dried-up marsh near the fort that was surrounded by sandbanks. The market was called the Nedermerckt, or Lower Market.

 

The market likely developed around the same time as the commercial development of Brussels. A document from 1174 mentions a lower market (Latin: forum inferius) not far from the port on the Senne river. The market was well situated along the Steenweg (Dutch: Causeway), an important commercial road which connected the prosperous regions of the Rhineland and the County of Flanders.

 

At the beginning of the 13th century, three indoor markets were built on the northern edge of the Grand Place; a meat market, a bread market and a cloth market.These buildings, which belonged to the Duke of Brabant, allowed the wares to be showcased even in bad weather, but also allowed the Dukes to keep track of the storage and sale of goods, in order to collect taxes. Other buildings, made of wood or stone, enclosed the Grand Place.

 

Improvements to the Grand Place from the 14th century onwards would mark the rise in importance of local merchants and tradesmen relative to the nobility. Short on money, the Duke transferred control of mills and commerce to the local authorities. The city of Brussels, as with the neighbouring cities of Mechelen and Leuven constructed a large indoor cloth market to the south of the square. At this point, the square was still haphazardly laid out, and the buildings along the edges had a motley tangle of gardens and irregular additions.The city expropriated and demolished a number of buildings that clogged the Grand Place, and formally defined the edges of the square.

 

The Brussels City Hall was built on the south side of the square in stages between 1401 and 1455, and made the Grand Place the seat of municipal power. It towers 96 metres (315 ft) high, and is capped by a 3 metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon. To counter this symbol of municipal power, from 1504 to 1536 the Duke of Brabant built a large building across from the city hall as symbol of ducal power.[3] It was built on the site of the first cloth and bread markets, which were no longer in use, and it became known as the King's House (Middle Dutch: 's Conincxhuys), although no king has ever lived there. It is currently known as the Maison du roi (King's House) in French, though in Dutch it continues to be called the Broodhuis (Breadhouse), after the market whose place it took. Wealthy merchants and the increasingly powerful guilds of Brussels built houses around the edge of the square.

 

On August 13, 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire.

 

The square was rebuilt in the following four years by the city's guilds. Their efforts were regulated by the city councillors and the Governor of Brussels, who required that their plans be submitted to the authorities for their approval. This helped to deliver a remarkably harmonious layout for the rebuilt Grand Place, despite the ostensibly clashing combination of Gothic, Baroque and Louis XIV styles.

 

In the late 18th century, revolutionaries sacked the Grand Place, destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity. The guildhalls were seized by the state and sold. The buildings were neglected and left in poor condition, with their façades painted, stuccoed and damaged by pollution. In the late 19th century, mayor Charles Buls had the Grand Place returned to its former splendour, with buildings being reconstructed or restored.

 

The Grand Place continued to serve as a market until November 19, 1959, and it is still called the Grote Markt or Great Market in Dutch. Neighbouring streets still reflect the area's origins, named after the sellers of butter, cheese, herring, coal and so on. The Grand Place was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1998. One of the houses was owned by the brewers' guild, and is now the home of a brewers' museum.

 

Brussels Grand-Place was voted the most beautiful square in Europe in 2010. A survey by a Dutch website (stedentripper.com) asked its users to rate different squares across Europe. Moscow’s Red Square and the Place Stanislas in Nancy, France, took second and third place.

 

La Grand Place (in Olandese: Grote Markt) è la piazza centrale della città di Bruxelles. La circondano le case delle corporazioni, l'Hotel de Ville (municipio) e la Maison du Roi. È generalmente considerata come una delle più belle piazze del mondo. La Grande Place di Bruxelles è stata iscritta nel 1998 nella lista del patrimonio dell'umanità dell'UNESCO.

 

Nel X secolo, i Duchi di Lotaringia avevano costruito un Forte su un'isola del fiume Senne (che allora scorreva all'incirca lungo il tracciato di quello che oggi è Anspachlaan, o Boulevard Anspach). Fu l'origine di Bruxelles. Verso la fine dell'XI secolo, nei pressi del forte si provvide alla bonifica della zona, il quartiere della Grand-Place all'epoca, infatti, era un terreno paludoso contornato di vari isolotti sabbiosi. Presto vi s'installò un mercato all'aperto e finalmente prese il nome di Nedermerkt, il "Mercato basso".

 

L'installazione di un luogo di mercato in questo punto è all'origine dello sviluppo commerciale di Bruxelles. Uno scritto datato 1174 menziona un "mercato basso" (forum inferius) situato vicino al punto d'inizio della navigabilità della Senne, utilizzato anche come luogo di carico/scarico delle barche (portus). Questo quartiere commerciale, dipendente dalla chiesa di San Nicola (patrono dei commercianti), si presentava allora allineato intorno a quello che era l'asse principale: lo Steenweg, oggi Steenstraat, o in francese "Rue des Pierres", via delle pietre, dal fatto che fu la prima via cittadina ad essere pavimentata. Era un'importate via che collegava all'epoca le due prospere regioni delle Fiandre e della Renania.

 

All'inizio del XIII secolo vennero costruiti tre mercati coperti tra un nuovo asse (l'odierna Grasmarkt, o Rue du Marché aux herbe, e il lato nord della piazza. Un mercato delle carni, uno del pane e uno dei tessuti. Questi mercati, proprietà dei Duchi di Brabante, permettevano di esporre le merci al riparo delle intemperie e di controllarne la qualità e la vendita a fini fiscali. Il crescere del commercio e le necessarie sistemazioni della piazza, a partire dall'inizio XIV secolo, cominciano a rilevare un'importanza esistenziale delle autorità della città (mercanti e artigiani) nei confronti di quelle dei signori. In seguito al nascere di problemi economici, il duca inizia a vendere via via parti dei suoi diritti sul controllo del commercio e dei mulini al Consiglio cittadino.

 

La Città di Bruxelles, in concorrenza con le vicine città di Mechelen e Lovanio, fa per prima costruire a sue spese, nel 1362, un nuovo e vasto Mercato dei tessuti nell'altro lato della piazza[2]. Poi acquista e demolisce tutte le case e botteghe che sorgono irregolari nella piazza al fine di stabilirne i confini. La costruzione del nuovo Stadhuis, Municipio, in più fasi fra il 1401 e il 1455, trasforma la piazza in sede del potere municipale, in contrapposizione al potere centrale simboleggiato dal vecchio Palazzo ducale del Coudenberg oggi scomparso. Di fronte al Municipio, il vecchio mercato del pane, che prenderà più tardi il nome di Maison du Roi, perde dal 1406 la sua funzione commerciale per essere trasformato in luogo di Giustizia. Intorno alla piazza si iniziano a costruire le residenze dei ricchi mercanti e le sedi delle potenti Corporazioni.

 

La piazza fu, nei secoli, teatro di numerosi avvenimenti storici. Nel 1523 vi vengono bruciati al rogo dall'Inquisizione Henri Voes et Jean Van Eschen, i primi martiri protestanti. Quarant'anni più tardi, il 5 giugno 1568, i Conti d'Egmont e di Hornes vi vengono decapitati dal Duca d'Alba per aver ostacolato lo stabilirsi dell'Inquisizione nelle Fiandre e per essersi battuti per l'indipendenza dalla Spagna.

 

Il 13, 14 e 15 agosto del 1695, nella Guerra della Grande Alleanza la piazza fu gravemente colpita durante il cosiddetto Bombardamento di Bruxelles da parte delle 70.000 truppe francesi del Re Sole, guidate dal maresciallo de Villeroy in rappresaglia all'attacco che la Lega di Augusta aveva portato alla città di Namur, controllata dai Francesi. La totalità delle case signorili e delle Corporazioni, costruite in legno vennero distrutte. Solo la facciata del Municipio con la Torre, la Maison du Roi ed alcune pareti in pietra resistettero alle palle incendiarie. La piazza venne ricostruita in meno di quattro anni, tutti gli edifici perduti che circondavano la piazza furono ricostruiti in pietra dalle varie corporazioni. Il loro impegno venne regolato dai consoli cittadini e dal Governatore di Bruxelles. I progetti furono sottoposti alle autorità per l'approvazione e da ciò conseguì una ricostruzione armoniosa, nonostante il concorso di stili architettonici diversi, dal gotico fino al barocco.

 

Nel corso dei due secoli successivi la piazza subì un lento degrado. Ala fine del XVIII secolo i Sanculotti distrussero una buona parte dei simboli e statue dell'Ancien Régime e in seguito gli edifici saranno vittime di rinnovi non sempre felici, ed interventi ambigui. Sotto l'impulso del sindaco Charles Buls, l'insieme sarà progressivamente restaurato o, dove necessario, ricostruito, sulla base dei piani originali e raffigurazioni dell'epoca della grande ricostruzione.

 

Nel 1856, al centro della piazza, sarà installata una fontana monumentale in commemorazione del venticinquesimo anniversario di regno di Leopoldo I; rimpiazzata già nel 1860 da un'altra dedicata ai Conti d'Egmont e di Hornes posta sul luogo della loro decapitazione (davanti la Maison du Roi e oggi spostata nella piazza del Petit Sablon.

 

La Grand-Place (Gruute Met in bruxellese) ha conservato il suo ruolo secolare di Mercato mattutino fino al 19 novembre 1959. In fiammingo è ancora chiamata Grote Markt.

 

La Grand-Place (Grote Markt en néerlandais) est la place centrale de Bruxelles. Mondialement renommée pour sa richesse ornementale, elle est bordée par les maisons des corporations, l'Hôtel de Ville et la Maison du Roi (Broodhuis en néerlandais). Elle est généralement considérée comme l'une des plus belles places du monde. Elle a été inscrite en 1998 sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO.

 

Lieu historique, elle a vu se dérouler de nombreux évènements heureux ou tragiques. En 1523, les premiers martyrs protestants, Henri Voes et Jean Van Eschen, y sont brûlés par l'Inquisition, quarante ans plus tard, les comtes d'Egmont et de Hornes y sont décapités.

 

En août 1695, pendant la Guerre de la Ligue d'Augsbourg, la plupart des maisons, dont certaines sont encore construites en bois, sont détruites lors du bombardement de la ville par les troupes françaises commandées par le maréchal de Villeroy. Seules la façade et la tour de l'Hôtel de Ville, qui servait de cible aux artilleurs, et quelques murs en pierre ont résisté aux boulets incendiaires. Les maisons entourant la place furent reconstruites en pierre par les différentes corporations. Parmi celles-ci, la maison de la corporation des Brasseurs abrite aujourd'hui le Musée des Brasseurs.

 

The World of Steve McCurry at the Brussels Stock Exchange from March 4 to June 25. The exhibition presents more than 200 large photographs that McCurry realized throughout his 35 years career. The exhibition presents a long journey from Afghanistan to India, from South East Asia to Africa, from Cuba to the United States, from Brazil to Italy. A must visit for all those travelling to the European capital in the next couple of months - Brussels, Belgium.

L'Exposition The World of Steve McCurry presente plus de 200 photos imprimees en grand format. Elle est la retrospective dediee au grand photographe americain la plus vaste et la plus complete. On peut y admirer ses photos les plus celebres, realisees tout au long de ses 35 ans de carriere, mais egalement ses cliches les plus recents et maintes photos inedites. Chacune des images de Steve McCurry, pour la plupart connues dans le monde entier, renferme un univers complexe d'experiences et d'emotions. l'Exposition, concue par Biba Giacchetti, propose un long voyage dans The World of Steve McCurry, de l'Afghanistan a l'Inde, de l'Asie du Sud-Est a l'Afrique, de Cuba aux Etats-Unis, du Bresil a l'Italie, a travers son vaste et fascinant repertoire d'images, ou l'Humain est toujours le protagoniste principal, meme s'il n'est qu'evoque.

The Town Hall of the City of Brussels is a Gothic building from the Middle Ages. It is located on the famous Grand Place in Brussels, Belgium.

 

The oldest part of the present Town Hall is its east wing (to the left, when facing the front). This wing, together with a small belfry, was built from 1402 to 1420 under direction of Jacob van Thienen, and future additions were not originally foreseen. However, the admission of the craft guilds into the traditionally patrician city government probably spurred interest in expanding the building. A second, shorter wing was completed within five years of Charles the Bold laying its first stone in 1444. The right wing was built by Guillaume (Willem) de Voghel who in 1452 also built the Magna Aula.

 

The 96 metre (310 ft) high tower in Brabantine Gothic style emerged from the plans of Jan van Ruysbroek, the court architect of Philip the Good. By 1455 this tower had replaced the older belfry. Above the roof of the Town Hall, the square tower body narrows to a lavishly pinnacled octagonal openwork. Atop the spire stands a 5 metre-high gilt metal statue of the archangel Michael, patron saint of Brussels, slaying a dragon or devil. The tower, its front archway and the main building facade are conspicuously off-centre relative to one another. According to legend, the architect upon discovering this "error" leapt to his death from the tower. More likely, the asymmetry of the Town Hall was an accepted consequence of the scattered construction history and space constraints.

 

The facade is decorated with numerous statues representing nobles, saints, and allegorical figures. The present sculptures are reproductions; the older ones are in the city museum in the "King's House" across the Grand Place.

 

After the bombardment of Brussels in 1695 by a French army under the Duke of Villeroi, the resulting fire completely gutted the Town Hall, destroying the archives and the art collections. The interior was soon rebuilt, and the addition of two rear wings transformed the L-shaped building into its present configuration: a quadrilateral with an inner courtyard completed by Corneille Van Nerven in 1712. The Gothic interior was revised by Victor Jamar in 1868 in the style of his mentor Viollet-le-Duc. The halls have been replenished with tapestries, paintings, and sculptures, largely representing subjects of importance in local and regional history.

 

The Town Hall accommodated not only the municipal authorities of the city, but until 1795 also the States of Brabant. From 1830, a provisional government assembled here during the Belgian Revolution.

 

L'Exposition The World of Steve McCurry presente plus de 200 photos imprimees en grand format. Elle est la retrospective dediee au grand photographe americain la plus vaste et la plus complete. On peut y admirer ses photos les plus celebres, realisees tout au long de ses 35 ans de carriere, mais egalement ses cliches les plus recents et maintes photos inedites. Chacune des images de Steve McCurry, pour la plupart connues dans le monde entier, renferme un univers complexe d'experiences et d'emotions. l'Exposition, concue par Biba Giacchetti, propose un long voyage dans The World of Steve McCurry, de l'Afghanistan a l'Inde, de l'Asie du Sud-Est a l'Afrique, de Cuba aux Etats-Unis, du Bresil a l'Italie, a travers son vaste et fascinant repertoire d'images, ou l'Humain est toujours le protagoniste principal, meme s'il n'est qu'evoque.

Nadat we door het Park van Brussel waren gelopen, gingen we via het Europese kwartier.

 

Hier staat het vol met megalomane, in glas en beton opgetrokken kantoorgebouwen, allemaal voor/van de Europese Unie.

 

Op straat zijn bijna geen mensen te zien, want dit is duidelijk geen woon-, maar een werkwijk en je waant je ergens in een moderne Amerikaanse stad.

 

Au Xe siècle, les Ducs de Basse-Lotharingie, ayant construit un château-fort sur une île de la Senne, furent à l'origine de la naissance de Bruxelles. Vers la fin du XIe siècle, près de ce château s'installa un marché en plein air dans un marais asséché (le quartier de la Grand-Place était à l'époque un vaste marécage entouré de bancs de sable) : on l'appela finalement le "Nedermerkt", "le Marché Inférieur".

 

L'implantation d'un lieu de marché à cet endroit est sans doute contemporaine du début du développement commercial de la localité. Un écrit daté de 1174 mentionne un marché bas (forum inferius) situé non loin du point à partir duquel la Senne devenait navigable et avait été aménagée pour permettre le chargement de barques (portus). Ce quartier commerçant dépendant de l'église Saint-Nicolas (patron des marchands), se présente alors comme un espace découvert qui occupe l'emplacement d'un ancien marais asséché le long du Steenweg (chaussée), route importante à l'époque, qui relie deux régions prospères, la Flandre et la Rhénanie.

 

Au début du XIIIe siècle sont construites trois halles commerciales entre la place et le steenweg, une halle aux viandes ou Grande Boucherie, face au quartier des bouchers, et côté place, une halle au pain et une halle aux draps. Ces halles, qui appartiennent au duc de Brabant, permettent d'exposer la marchandise à l'abri des intempéries et de contrôler son entreposage et sa vente afin de percevoir les taxes. Les aménagements de la place à partir du début du XIVe siècle marquent l'émergence de l'importance des autorités de la ville, constituées par les marchands et les métiers, face à l'autorité des seigneurs. À court d'argent, le duc cède progressivement contre payement une partie de ses prérogatives quant au contrôle du commerce et des moulins au Magistrat, conseil de la Ville. La ville de Bruxelles, qui est également en concurrence avec les villes voisines de Malines et Louvain, fait d'abord construire à ses frais en 1362 une nouvelle et vaste halle aux draps[note 4], de l'autre côté de la place[note 5], puis rachète pour les démolir les maisons et boutiques qui encombrent la place et en définit les limites. La construction de l'Hôtel de Ville en plusieurs phases entre 1401 et 1455 transforme la place en siège du pouvoir municipal, répondant au pouvoir central symbolisé par le palais du Coudenberg. En face de l'Hôtel de Ville, le pouvoir du duc reste cependant présent : l'ancienne halle au pain, qui prendra plus tard le nom de Maison du Roi, a perdu depuis 1406 sa fonction commerciale et a été transformée en lieu de perception et de justice princière. Autour de la place sont construites les maisons de quelques riches négociants et, surtout, des corporations dont l'influence est de plus en plus importante. Pour la plupart en bois, certaines de ces maisons sont reconstruites en pierre au cours du XVIIe siècle.

 

Après le bombardement et l'incendie de 1695 qui la détruit presque entièrement, la place est reconstruite en quelques années, plus belle qu'avant.

 

Au cours des deux siècles suivants, la place aura à subir d'importantes dégradations. À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les sans-culotte détruisent une bonne partie des symboles et statues de l'ancien Régime. Par la suite les bâtiments seront victimes de transformations et de rénovations malheureuses (façades stuquée et blanchies, décorations supprimées, etc...) ainsi que de la pollution. Sous l'impulsion du bourgmestre Charles Buls, l'ensemble sera progressivement restauré ou reconstruit, grâce aux plans et représentations de l'époque de la reconstruction.

 

Au centre de la place sera installée en 1856 une fontaine monumentale en commémoration du vingt-cinquième anniversaire du règne de Léopold Ier. Elle sera remplacée en 1860 par la fontaine des comtes d'Egmont et de Hornes, érigée devant la Maison du Roi. Cette fontaine, surmontée des statues des comtes d'Egmont et de Hornes décapités à cet endroit, sera déplacée au petit Sablon. Trente ans plus tard, à la Belle Époque, un kiosque à musique y sera construit.

 

La Place du Grand-Marché a conservé sa fonction séculaire de marché matinal jusqu'au 19 novembre 1959. Elle est toujours appelée Grote Markt en néerlandais et Gruute Met en bruxellois.

 

El Ayuntamiento de Bruselas (Hôtel de Ville en francés, Stadhuis en flamenco) es un edificio medieval, de arquitectura gótica, situado en la Grand Place, en la ciudad de Bruselas, (Bélgica).

 

Este edificio se encuadra dentro la arquitectura civil del siglo XV, durante este siglo tanto Bélgica como Holanda gozaron de una fuerte prosperidad económica que explica la suntuosidad de sus edificios civiles, tanto ayuntamientos como lonjas comerciales y viviendas. La existencia de una burguesía poderosa, agrupada en gremios de artesanos, que entraron en el gobierno de las ciudades, empujaron el levantamiento entre otros de notables palacios municipales en las plazas de las ciudades, que constituyen los más destacados en la Europa de la época. El ayuntamiento de Bruselas constituye un ejemplo de estos edificios junto a los también muy destacados Ayuntamiento de Brujas y Lovaina. La estructura suele ser común a todos ellos: un magno edificio de varios pisos de altura, siendo la planta baja de carácter porticado con el objeto de servir como lugar de realización del mercado, una fachada larga y un torre campanario para advertir a la ciudadanía de algún peligro.

 

La parte más antigua del ayuntamiento de Bruselas es su ala este, construida entre 1402 y 1420, realizada bajo la dirección del arquitecto Jacob van Thienen, junto a este ala formaba parte del conjunto un pequeño campanario. En 1444 se colocó la primera piedra de una ampliación, que incorporó una segunda ala, más corta que la anterior, ésta fue diseñada por el arquitecto Guillaume de Voghel, que en 1452 también construyó el Aula Magna.

 

En 1455 se sustituyó el antiguo campanario por una torre de 96 metros de alto, de estilo gótico Brabantino, que surgió de los planes de Jan van Ruysbroek, el arquitecto de la corte de Felipe el Bueno, tiene estructura cuadrada, pero por encima del tejado, el cuerpo cuadrado de la torre se convierte en un pináculo de estructura octogonal profusamente calado. En lo alto de la torre se encuentra la estatua dorada de cinco metros del arcángel Miguel, patrón de la ciudad, que lo representa, matando a un dragón o diablo. La planta del conjunto presenta una forma asimétrica, probable consecuencia de la dispersa construcción del edificio y de las limitaciones de espacio.

 

La fachada se encuentra decorada con numerosas estatuas que representan a nobles, santos y figuras de carácter alegórico. Actualmente las esculturas originales se encuentran expuestas, en el museo de la ciudad en la misma Grand Place, siendo sustitudas por copias en la fachada del edificio.

 

Tras el bombardeo de Bruselas en 1695 por el ejército francés, bajo el mando del Duque de Villeroy, el fuego resultante asoló el interior del edificio, dejando a salvo las paredes exteriores y la torre, destruyendo los archivos y las colecciones de arte, fue pronto reconstruido, con la adición de dos alas traseras transformando la estructura en forma de L, en su configuración actual de forma trapezoidal, con un patio interior completado por Corneille Van Nerven en 1712. El interior gótico fue revisado por el arquitecto Víctor Jamar en 1868 en el estilo de su mentor de Viollet-le-Duc. Las salas han sido revestidas con tapices, pinturas y esculturas, que representan temas de gran importancia en la historia local y regional.

 

El edificio dio cabida no sólo a las autoridades municipales de la ciudad, sino que hasta 1795 también albergó los Estados de Brabante y en 1830, durante Revolución belga fue sede de un gobierno provisional.

 

El Ayuntamiento de Bruselas (Hôtel de Ville en francés, Stadhuis en flamenco) es un edificio medieval, de arquitectura gótica, situado en la Grand Place, en la ciudad de Bruselas, (Bélgica).

 

Este edificio se encuadra dentro la arquitectura civil del siglo XV, durante este siglo tanto Bélgica como Holanda gozaron de una fuerte prosperidad económica que explica la suntuosidad de sus edificios civiles, tanto ayuntamientos como lonjas comerciales y viviendas. La existencia de una burguesía poderosa, agrupada en gremios de artesanos, que entraron en el gobierno de las ciudades, empujaron el levantamiento entre otros de notables palacios municipales en las plazas de las ciudades, que constituyen los más destacados en la Europa de la época. El ayuntamiento de Bruselas constituye un ejemplo de estos edificios junto a los también muy destacados Ayuntamiento de Brujas y Lovaina. La estructura suele ser común a todos ellos: un magno edificio de varios pisos de altura, siendo la planta baja de carácter porticado con el objeto de servir como lugar de realización del mercado, una fachada larga y un torre campanario para advertir a la ciudadanía de algún peligro.

 

La parte más antigua del ayuntamiento de Bruselas es su ala este, construida entre 1402 y 1420, realizada bajo la dirección del arquitecto Jacob van Thienen, junto a este ala formaba parte del conjunto un pequeño campanario. En 1444 se colocó la primera piedra de una ampliación, que incorporó una segunda ala, más corta que la anterior, ésta fue diseñada por el arquitecto Guillaume de Voghel, que en 1452 también construyó el Aula Magna.

 

En 1455 se sustituyó el antiguo campanario por una torre de 96 metros de alto, de estilo gótico Brabantino, que surgió de los planes de Jan van Ruysbroek, el arquitecto de la corte de Felipe el Bueno, tiene estructura cuadrada, pero por encima del tejado, el cuerpo cuadrado de la torre se convierte en un pináculo de estructura octogonal profusamente calado. En lo alto de la torre se encuentra la estatua dorada de cinco metros del arcángel Miguel, patrón de la ciudad, que lo representa, matando a un dragón o diablo. La planta del conjunto presenta una forma asimétrica, probable consecuencia de la dispersa construcción del edificio y de las limitaciones de espacio.

 

La fachada se encuentra decorada con numerosas estatuas que representan a nobles, santos y figuras de carácter alegórico. Actualmente las esculturas originales se encuentran expuestas, en el museo de la ciudad en la misma Grand Place, siendo sustitudas por copias en la fachada del edificio.

 

Tras el bombardeo de Bruselas en 1695 por el ejército francés, bajo el mando del Duque de Villeroy, el fuego resultante asoló el interior del edificio, dejando a salvo las paredes exteriores y la torre, destruyendo los archivos y las colecciones de arte, fue pronto reconstruido, con la adición de dos alas traseras transformando la estructura en forma de L, en su configuración actual de forma trapezoidal, con un patio interior completado por Corneille Van Nerven en 1712. El interior gótico fue revisado por el arquitecto Víctor Jamar en 1868 en el estilo de su mentor de Viollet-le-Duc. Las salas han sido revestidas con tapices, pinturas y esculturas, que representan temas de gran importancia en la historia local y regional.

 

El edificio dio cabida no sólo a las autoridades municipales de la ciudad, sino que hasta 1795 también albergó los Estados de Brabante y en 1830, durante Revolución belga fue sede de un gobierno provisional.

 

Kington St Michael War Memorial, Wiltshire.

Located in the Porch of the parish church of St Michael and All Angels

 

TO THE GLORY OF GOD AND IN GRATEFUL MEMORY OF THE MEN FROM THIS PARISH WHO LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES IN THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918

 

Lewin James BILLETT. Private 306675, 1st Warwickshire Regiment died of wounds 26 April 1918 aged 42. Native of Kingston St Michael, enlisted at Chippenham, both Wiltshire. son of Ephraim and Jane. In 1901 he was residing with his widowed father at 6 Malthouse Cottage Kingston St Michael, occupation roadman (council worker) 1911 still with his father, single, aged 35, general labourer. At rest in Etaples Military Cemetery, France.

 

Frederick John COLLIER. Private 303471 2/8th Manchester Regiment, formerly 5750 Suffolk Regiment killed in action 12 May 1917. Native of Kingston St Michael, enlisted at Chippenham Born 10 April 1896 to James and Sarah Ann Collier nee Elms. In 1911 he was residing with his parents and siblings in Kingston St Michael, Wiltshire, occupation aged 14, farm labourer. At rest in Sailly-Labourse Communal Cemetery Extension, France.

 

Charles Ernest HAWKINS. Private DM2/189781 Royal Army Transport Corps (Mechanised Transport Corps) attached to 240th Siege Battery Royal Garrison Artillery died 3 January 1919 aged 22. Son of Frederick and Bertha Hawkins, nee Isaac, of Kington St. Michael, nr Chippenham, Wiltshire. At rest in Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension, Italy.

 

Arthur Thomas HUMPHRIES. Private 18379, 5th Wiltshire Regiment died 17 June 1916 aged 18. Baptised 6 February 1898 at St Peter, Kington Langley, Wiltshire son of Arthur William and Margaret Humphries. In 1911 he was residing with his parents and sister at 2 Sebastopol Place, Kington St Michael, Wiltshire. At rest in Basra War Cemetery, Iraq.

 

Joseph Harry DEW. Private 9300, 5th Wiltshire Regiment died 10 August 1915. Native of Surbiton, Middlesex, Resided at Clapton Junction, London, enlisted at Devizes, Wiltshire. Son of Harry Duncan Dew and Ellen nee Trusler. In 1911 he was residing with his parents and siblings at Laburnum Cottage, Giddea Hall, Biddleston, Wiltshire. Occupation aged 18 fish seller for his father. His father was granted a war gratuity 13 September 1917, revised 4 October 1919. Commemorated on the Helles Memorial, Turkey including Gallipoli.

 

Arthur TANNER. Private 3175, 2/4th Wiltshire Regiment, attached to 1st Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry killed in action 22 November 1915 aged 29. Son of Jane Smith (formerly Tanner), of Kington St. Michael, Chippenham, Wilts, and the late Alfred James Tanner. Commemorated on the Basra Memorial, Iraq

 

Gilbert Tom RUDMAN. Private 30932 Dorset Regiment. (Memorial has Wiltshire Regiment) Born 1891 in Kington St Michael to George and Emily Sarah Rudman nee Bowsher. In 1901 he was residing with his parents and siblings at No 2 Springfield Cottage, Kington St Michael, Wiltshire. 1911 he is still residing with his parents and siblings in Kington St Michael, occupation aged 10, farm labourer. 31 October 1916 at St Michael and All Angels Church, Kington St Michael he married Florence Emily Hazell. He was discharged from the army 13 May 1918 and died shortly after discharge aged 27. His wife was granted a war gratuity 4 June 1920.

 

William Cornelius HAWKINS. Pioneer 317182 Royal Engineers. Born 21 May 1886 and baptised 20 June 1886 at Kington St Michael, Wiltshire. Son of Edward James and Jane Hawkins. In 1911 he was names as Cornelius and was residing with his parents and siblings at Kington St Michael, occupation, plumbers assistant aged 25.

He joined up on 3 August 1917 at Bedford A Signal Depot R.E. aged 31 years and 3 months , occupation, plumber. On the 28 May 1917 he married Mary Ann Beckingham at St Michael and All Angels Church, Kington St Michael. He was admitted to the Beaufort War Hospital, Bristol 16 October 1917 and transferred to the County Asylum, Devizes 23 October 1917 He was suffering from a mental disability called mania. He was seen by army consultants from the Royal Army Medical Corps at Beaufort War Hospital, Bristol 26 January 1918 on his medical board where was found unfit for war service and was discharged from the army on the 16 February 1918 as no longer physically fit for war service, but remained as a patient in the asylum in Devizes. On the 29 December 1918 at the County asylum, Devises he died aged 32. His effects went to his wife Mary Ann

 

ALSO IN GRATITUDE TO THOSE WHO SERVED IN HIS MAJESTY’S FORCES.

 

J BREEZE. W BREAM. F CARD. C COLLIER. B DYER. C DYER. H FISHLOCK. H FRY. F GAINEY. C GARDINER. F GARDINER. W GRIFFIN. G HAWKINS. H HAWKINS. J HAWKINS. S HAWKINS. W HAWKINS. A HULBERT. W KEYNES. F LEAT. F MARTIN. H MARTIN. S MILES. J PERRETT. F G RUDMAN. C SEALY. T G SEALY. H SEALY. C TANNER. J TANNER. J TAYLER. H TURNER. H VINCENT. C WEST. M WESTON. T F WESTON. W WESTON. G WICKS. H WICKS. W W HICKS. G WILLIAMS. T WILTSHIRE. R WOODMAN. T WOODMAN. D WOOLFORD. H WOOLFORD. T WOOLFORD. W YOUNG.

 

“IN EVERLASTING REMEMBRANCE”

 

UIT HET NIEUWS...

In het Jacques Delors-gebouw in Brussel is vorig weekend een stuk van het vals plafond naar beneden gekomen. Er vielen geen gewonden maar de schade is groot. De aannemers verbinden zich er toe om de verantwoordelijkheid voor het incident op zich te nemen. Het is minder dan tien jaar geleden dat het gebouw werd gerenoveerd.

 

Het gebouw huisvest het Europees Economisch en Sociaal Comité (Ecosoc) en het Europese Comité van de Regio's. Meerdere vergaderruimtes op de vijfde en zesde verdieping van het gebouw in de Belliardstraat zijn voor onbepaalde tijd onbruikbaar.

 

"De prioriteit blijft de veiligheid van de personeelsleden van beide comités en daarom werd de toegang tot het getroffen deel van het gebouw gesloten," zegt Barbara Gessler, woordvoerster van Ecosoc. "De ruimtes dateren van 2003-2004 maar het gebouw bestond al voor die tijd. De bouwbedrijven hebben zich ertoe verbonden om de verantwoordelijkheid op zich te nemen."

 

Het Europese Comité van de Regio's, de belangrijkste organisator van de Europese Week van regio's en steden, vreest wel voor enkele logistieke problemen. Zo worden van 4 tot 7 oktober de "Open days" georganiseerd waarvoor duizenden bezoekers doorheen het gebouw geleid worden. "We hopen dat het incident geen ernstige gevolgen heeft voor onze evenementen," aldus nog Barbara Gessler

 

Volgende agentschappen bevinden zich in de Belgische hoofdstad:

 

Uitvoerend Agentschap voor onderwijs, audiovisuele middelen en cultuur (EACEA)

Europees Defensieagentschap (EDA)

Europese GNSS-toezichtautoriteit (GSA)

Uitvoerend Agentschap voor concurrentievermogen en innovatie (EACI)

Uitvoerend Agentschap Onderzoek (REA)

Uitvoerend Agentschap Europese Onderzoeksraad (ERC)

Uitvoerend Agentschap voor het trans-Europees vervoersnet (TEN-T EA)

Op de Grote Markt speelden zich veel historische gebeurtenissen af. Een kort overzicht:

 

•1523: de Inquisitie zet Hendrik Voes en Jan Van Essen, de eerste protestantse martelaren, er op de brandstapel

•1563: de graven Egmont en Hoorn worden er onthoofd

•augustus 1695: Brussel wordt aangevallen tijdens de Oorlog van de Liga van Augsburg (Negenjarige oorlog). De Franse troepen, geleid door maarschalk De Villeroy, vernielen tijdens een bombardement de meeste huizen op de Grote Markt, waarvan nog enkele in hout. Enkel de voorgevel en de toren van het Stadhuis, het doel van de beschietingen, en enkele stenen muren bleven overeind tussen de brandende kanonsballen. De verschillende gilden bouwden de huizen snel weer op, in steen deze keer. Daarbij ook het huis van de Brouwersgilde, dat nu het Brouwersmuseum herbergt.

TINTIN

 

Sa fameuse mèche rebelle apparaît pour la première fois dans une des vignette (case) de la planche 7 de Tintin au pays des Soviets, le vent faisant relever sa houpette lorsqu'il fait démarrer en trombe sa Mercedes décapotable. Hergé décidera de conserver par la suite ce trait physique qui rend son héros si reconnaissable. De plus, un voyage de Tintin Lutin à moto jusqu'à Moscou, personnage créé par l'illustrateur Benjamin Rabier, va lui servir de modèle.

 

Il semble en outre que l'histoire du globe-trotter danois à la chevelure rousse Palle Huld ait pu inspirer Hergé. À quinze ans, le Danois fera seul en 1928 un tour du monde en 44 jours avec casquette et en culotte de golf, payé par le quotidien Politiken suite à un concours. L'histoire du reporter Robert Sexé a également pu inspirer Hergé

 

Léon Degrelle, connu pour être le fondateur du rexisme en Belgique, ami et collègue de travail d'Hergé en 1929, a affirmé dans une interview en 1981 avoir inspiré le personnage de Tintin à Hergé. Un ouvrage apocryphe de Degrelle, Tintin mon copain, développera cette affirmation en 2000, en affirmant que notamment la coiffure, les culottes de golf et les premiers voyages du reporter auraient été inspirés à Hergé par le personnage de Degrelle. Des affirmations tardives et contestées, notamment par Paul Jamin, ami commun d'Hergé et Degrelle

 

Tintin emprunte en outre plusieurs caractéristiques physiques au frère cadet du dessinateur, le militaire Paul Rémi, qui reçut par la suite de sa carrière le sobriquet de « major Tintin ».

 

Details of the sculptures @ Brussels Stock Exchange

 

The building was erected from 1868 to 1873, and mixes elements of the Neo-Renaissance and Second Empire architectural styles. It has an abundance of ornaments and sculptures, created by famous artists, including Auguste Rodin.

 

@ De Beurs - Brussel /La Bourse - Bruxelles

De geschiedenis van de Grote Markt gaat terug tot de middeleeuwen. Aanvankelijk is de markt door houten huizen omgeven. Gedurende de eeuwen heeft het plein zich ontwikkeld tot een prestigieus geheel. Het voorbeeld van het stadhuis (1402-1455) en het Broodhuis (gaat terug tot de dertiende eeuw) hebben een grote rol gespeeld in de ontwikkeling naar luxueuzere stenen bebouwing.

Gedurende de eeuwen hebben belangrijke openbare aangelegenheden plaats gevonden op de Grote Markt. Er zijn veel feesten gevierd, belangrijke personen ontvangen en executies uitgevoerd. Nog altijd vinden grote evenementen plaats op het plein, zoals het historische spektakel de Ommegang (begin juli).

 

In 1695 werd de Grote Markt verwoest door bombardementen van het Franse leger. De herbouw van het hart van Brussel nam slechts vijf jaar in beslag. Bouwplannen moesten goedgekeurd worden door de magistraat. Hij zorgde dat de barokgevels harmonische op elkaar werden afgestemd. De meeste gildenhuizen, uitgezonderd De Zwaan en De Hoorn, zijn uitgerust met de drie klassieke zuilenorden (Dorisch, Ionisch, Corinthisch). De gildenhuizen zijn opgetrokken in Italiaans barok stijl, uitgezonderd In Den Vos en De Zwane (beiden Lodewijk XIV-stijl). Laatstgenoemde gildenhuizen verstoren de homogeniteit echter niet. Aan het einde van de zeventiende eeuw is het nog niet vanzelfsprekend om diverse gebouwen in samenklank te realiseren.

 

De architecten van de gildenhuizen waren van Vlaamse herkomst. De internationale stijlen waarin zij hun gebouwen vorm gaven waren beïnvloed door lokale tendensen. De laat gotische stijl bleef lang populair in Vlaanderen. Dit komt ook tot uiting in de barok architectuur van de Grote Markt. De smalle gevels, de verticale gerichtheid van architectonische elementen en versieringen en de rijk gedecoreerde bovenste zone is terug te herleiden naar de late gotiek.

Op de Grote Markt staan veel schitterende gildenhuizen met een bijzondere geschiedenis. Op huisnummer 5, tegenover Het huis van de hertogen van Brabant, bevindt zich de Wolvin. Het huis dankt zijn naam aan de beeldengroep boven de ingang, een voorstelling van Romules en Remus gezoogd door de wolvin. Dit gildenhuis is bekroond met een verguld beeld van de vogel feniks die uit zijn as verrijst. De inscriptie eronder deelt ons mee dat dankzij de Sebastiaansgilde dit gebouw nog glorierijker is teruggekomen. Dit is een verwijzing naar de verwoesting van 1695 en de wederopbouw. Het ernaast gelegen huis op nummer 6 wordt De Hoorn genoemd, naar de afbeelding van een hoorn tussen de begane grond en de eerste verdieping. Het is in 1434 eigendom van het schippersgilde geworden. Op de tweede verdieping verwijzen vergulde decoraties (ankers, touwwerken en zeesterren) naar de scheepsvaart en de zee. Op de verdieping daarboven is het gevolg van de zeegod afgebeeld, gezeten op paarden. De geveltop heeft de vorm van een achtersteven van een fregat. De Vos op nummer 7 is in 1699 opgericht als gildenhuis van de garen- en bandverkopers. Bovenop de gevel staat een beeld van hun patroonheilige, St. Nicol

 

Aan de zijde van het stadhuis ligt De ster op nummer acht. Het is het kleinste gebouw op de Grote Markt. Nadat het in 1852 is afgebroken om de straat te verbreden volgt herbouw in 1897. In de Zwaan, het voormalige huis van de slagers, schreven Karel Marx en Friedrich Engels hun 'Communistisch Manifest' in 1847. De Gulden Boom op nummer 10 is zowel voor als na de bombardementen het gildenhuis van de brouwers geweest. Momenteel is hier een Brouwerijmuseum gevestigd. Een beeld van Karel van Lotharingen bekroont het dak.

 

Tussen 1402 en 1420 is het stadhuis gebouwd onder leiding van Jacob van Thienen en Jan Bornoy. Aanvankelijk bestaat het bouwwerk uit het belfort en een vleugel aan de linkerzijde. De rechtervleugel is aangebouwd tussen 1444 en 1449. Van Ruysbroeck heeft de 96 meter hoge toren (1449-1454) ontworpen ter vervanging van het belfort. In 1455 is het beeld van de aartsengel St. Michael op de spits geplaatst. In 1996 vervangt een kopie het vergulde beeld. De toren en de buitenste muren hebben de Franse verwoestingen van 1695 overleefd. In overeenkomst met de tijdsgeest zijn de noodzakelijke herstelwerkzaamheden gepaard gegaan met enige aanpassingen in stijl. Onder leiding van Cornelis Van Nerven is de achterbouw vanaf 1706 in classicerende barokke stijl uitgevoerd. De sculpturen aan de gevels zijn hoofdzakelijk in de 19e en 20e eeuw toegevoegd. De gevelbeelden uit de 15 e-eeuw bevinden zich in het tegenover het stadhuis gelegen broodhuis.

Op de plaats waar sinds de dertiende eeuw meerdere malen een broodhuis is gebouwd staat een reconstructie in neogotische stijl. In 1860 is het toen bouwvallige broodhuis namelijk aangekocht door de gemeente en daaropvolgend gesloopt en herbouwd. Het neogotische ontwerp is een behoorlijk vrije reconstructie van het laatgotische broodhuis. Ideeën die in het laatgotische bouwwerk niet zijn gerealiseerd, zijn alsnog uitgevoerd. Een toren en een dubbele galerij zijn toegevoegd naar het model van andere zestiende-eeuws gebouwen. De vrijheid waarmee deze reconstructie is uitgevoerd is typerend voor de negentiende eeuw. Het Broodhuis biedt onderdak aan het Museum van de stad Brussel. Met behulp van onder meer kunstwerken en kunstnijverheidswerken is de geschiedenis van Brussel in beeld gebracht

    

Het Berlaymontgebouw is een belangrijk overheidsgebouw in Brussel. Het is het hoofdkantoor van de Europese Commissie. Het gebouw staat aan de Wetstraat, aan het Schumanplein, en wordt omringd door verschillende Europese en internationale instanties. Het stadsgedeelte wordt de Europese wijk genoemd, en Brussel wordt op internationaal vlak vaak beschouwd als de de facto hoofdstad van Europa.

 

De plaats van het gebouw werd oorspronkelijk ingenomen door de Dames du Berlaymont. Zij beheerden een gekende meisjesschool. In de jaren '60 kocht de Belgische staat het domein om de Europese aanwezigheid in Brussel te verankeren. De Dames du Berlaymont verhuisden naar Waterloo (ze waren vele jaren eerder al eens verhuisd om plaats te maken voor het Justitiepaleis). Een nieuw gebouw werd opgetrokken van 1963 tot 1969 met 240.000 m² vloeroppervlakte over 18 verdiepingen.

 

3000 ambtenaren van de commissie werkten er van 1967 tot 1991. Toen werd vastgesteld dat het gebouw asbest bevatte, en dat een volledige renovatie nodig was. De herbekleding duurde tot 2004, en pas toen kon de Commissie opnieuw haar intrek nemen in het gebouw.

 

Op maandag 18 mei 2009 is er een brand ontstaan in de bovenste verdiepingen van het gebouw. Het gebouw werd ontruimd. Op woensdag 27 mei 2009 werd het gebouw nogmaals ontruimd, omdat het alarm afging.

 

Architect Lucien De Vestel ontwierp het oorspronkelijke gebouw samen met Jean Gilson, Jean Polak, en André Polak. Het bestaat uit een toren in de vorm van een kruis, waardoor vier vleugels vertrekken vanuit een centrale hub. Het gebouw bevat kantoren voor 3000 ambtenaren. Vergaderzalen bevinden zich bovenaan, en het restaurant, de televisiestudio, de conferentiezalen, opslagruimte, parking en andere diensten vindt men in de kelders.

 

De architecten Pierre Lallemand, Steven Beckers en Wilfried Van Campenhout ontwierpen de herinrichting van het gebouw (1997-2004). De belangrijkste wijzigingen waren een vergaderzaal bovenin de zuid-oostelijke vleugel, een volledige structuur met drie vergaderzalen aan de noord-oostelijke kant van het terrein, een dubbele façade rond het ganse gebouw met verplaatsbare glaspanelen aan de buitenkant, en grote openingen in de gelijkvloerse verdieping om meer daglicht toe te laten.

 

Il Parco del Cinquantenario (in neerlandese Jubelpark, in francese Parc du Cinquantenaire) è un parco urbano di 30 ettari, situato nella parte orientale del quartiere delle istituzioni europee di Bruxelles, in Belgio.

 

La maggior parte degli edifici del complesso a forma di ferro di cavallo che domina il parco furono commissionati da re Leopoldo II e costruiti per l'esposizione nazionale del 1880, a commemorazione del cinquantesimo anniversario dell'indipendenza belga. L'arco di trionfo centrale fu realizzato nel 1905. Le strutture sono in ferro, vetro e pietra, a simbolo del economia e dell'industria belga.

 

La parte nord del complesso ospita dal 1880 il Musée de l'Armée, cui si sono successivamente affiancati il Musées royaux d'art et d'histoire e il museo Autoworld, nella parte sud. Nel parco sono inoltre presenti il Tempio delle Passioni Umane (1886) e la Grande Moschea di Bruxelles (1978).

 

Sotto il parco passano la Linea 1 della metropolitana di Bruxelles e il tunnel Belliard destinato al traffico urbano. Le fermate della metropolitana più vicine al parco sono Schuman e Mérode (rispettivamente a ovest e ad est del parco).

 

The building that houses the Brussels Stock Exchange does not have a distinct name, though it is usually called simply the Bourse. It is located on Boulevard Anspach, and is the namesake of the Beursplein/Place de la Bourse, which is, after the Grand Place, the second most important square in Brussels.

 

As part of the covering of the river Senne for health and aesthetic reasons in the 1860s and 1870s, a massive program of beautification of the city centre was undertaken. Architect Léon-Pierre Suys, as part of his proposal for covering of the Senne, designed a building to become the centre of the rapidly expanding business sector. It was to be located on the former butter market, (itself situated on the ruins of the former Recollets Franciscan convent) on the newly created Anspach Boulevard (then called Central Boulevard).

 

The building was erected from 1868 to 1873, and mixes elements of the Neo-Renaissance and Second Empire architectural styles. It has an abundance of ornaments and sculptures, created by famous artists, including the brothers Joseph and Jacques Jacquet, Guillaume de Groot, French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse and his then-assistant Auguste Rodin.

 

Architecture in Brussels

De Beurs van Brussel is een eclectisch beursgebouw, gebouwd tussen 1868 en 1873, door architect Léon-Pierre Suys. Het beeldhouwwerk werd onder andere door Auguste Rodin uitgevoerd.

 

Het gebouw geeft haar naam aan het Beursplein en bevindt zich aan de Anspachlaan in Brussel.

   

De geschiedenis van de Beurs van Brussel start in de 19e eeuw. De Openbare Fondsenbeurs van Brussel werd opgericht bij decreet van 19 Messidor jaar IX (8 juli 1801). De Franse regering wees het vroegere Augustijnenklooster op de Wolvengracht aan als onderkomen aan voor deze beurs. Na de verkoop van de kloostergebouwen mochten de bijeenkomsten van de Beurs gehouden worden in de Muntschouwburg, maar toen deze in 1820 opnieuw in gebruik werd genomen, huurden de wisselagenten een huis in de Willemstraat die tegenwoordig Leopoldstraat heet. De beurshandelaren drongen er vanaf 1858, het tijdstip waarop de Handelsbeurs een aanzienlijke groei kende door de economische en industriële bloei van België, bij de gemeente op aan om een nieuwe beurs te bouwen. Architect Leon Suys werd aangesteld voor de bouw van deze nieuwe beurs.

 

In 1865 werd in het saneringsproject van Leon Suys - een project dat de stadskern op gezondheidsvlak moest saneren (door o.a. de overbrugging van de Zenne van de Zuidlaan tot aan de Antwerpselaan) - de oprichting voorzien van een groot centraal gebouw gebruikt door de Handelsbeurs en de Centrale Hallen om de economische activiteit van het Brusselse centrum te doen heropleven. Het beursgebouw is gebouwd op de plaats van het klooster van de Minderbroeders, dat dateerde uit de de 13de eeuw en waarvan de ruïnes nog te bezichtigen zijn in het ondergronds museum in de Beursstraat. In oktober 1869 werd met de bouw begonnen en op 27 december 1873 werd het gebouw vervroegd ingehuldigd met een groot bal in aanwezigheid van Koning Leopold II van België en van Koningin Maria-Henriëtta, en van de Graaf van Vlaanderen. De beursactiviteiten konden pas in de loop van het tweede trimester van 1874 uitgeoefend worden.

 

Het gebouw heeft een overvloed aan beeldhouwwerken die gemaakt zijn door kunstenaars zoals Jean-Joseph Jacquet, Guillaume De Groot, Victor De Haen, Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse en Antoine-Joseph van Rasbourgh

Brussel, dat sinds een aantal decennia de Europese instellingen huisvest, wordt beschouwd als de de facto hoofdstad van de Europese Unie (EU). Officieel heeft de Europese Unie echter geen hoofdstad en ook geen intentie er een vast te leggen. De stad huisvest onder meer de officiële hoofdzetels van de Europese Commissie, de Raad van de Europese Unie, de Europese Raad en de tweede zetel van het Europees Parlement.

 

De meeste instellingen zijn gevestigd in de Leopoldswijk, bijgenaamd de 'Europese wijk', gelegen tussen het Warandepark, het Jubelpark en het Leopoldpark. De Commissie en de Raad hebben er hun hoofdkwartier, dichtbij het station Brussel-Schuman en het Schumanplein op de Wetstraat. De gebouwen van het Europees Parlement, samen de Leopoldruimte, zijn gebouwd overheen het station Brussel-Luxemburg, naast het Luxemburgplein

 

Kuifje is de naam van de (fictieve) hoofdpersoon in De avonturen van Kuifje, een serie stripverhalen gemaakt door de Belgische striptekenaar Hergé (pseudoniem van Georges Rémi).

 

De eerste strip verscheen op 10 januari 1929 in het Frans bij de uitgeverij van Le Vingtième die de verhalen eerder had gepubliceerd in 'Le Petite Vingtième', een jeugdbijlage van dit blad. Het eerste stripalbum van Kuifje, die in het Frans Tintin genoemd wordt, is Kuifje in het land van de Sovjets. De afbeeldingen zijn volledig in zwart-wit. Na de uitgave van Tintin en Amerique neemt Casterman de uitgave op zich en pas later zullen de albums in kleur verschijnen. De eerste vertalingen van Kuifje in het Nederlands verschenen in 1946.

 

Ook werden enkele tekenfilms van speelfilmlengte gemaakt, en korte tekenfilms gebaseerd op de albums. In de jaren zestig verschenen bovendien twee echte speelfilms over Kuifje, Het Geheim van het Gulden Vlies en De blauwe sinaasappels. De sfeer van de stripverhalen is daarin zeer goed te proeven. Daarnaast werden tal van filmstroken gemaakt voor de toverlantaarn. Ook werden tassen, agenda's, enzovoort uitgebracht met afbeeldingen van de held en zijn vrienden. Daarnaast verschenen onder meer postzegels en boeken over Kuifje, en een nieuw album, Kuifje en de Alfa-kunst, waarin het onvoltooide laatste verhaal van Hergé (schetsen en pentekeningen) is opgenomen.

 

Georges Rémi overleed in 1983. Op 21 mei 2007 werd door zijn weduwe, Fanny Vlamynck, in Louvain-la-Neuve de eerste steen gelegd van het museum dat aan hem is gewijd. Het Hergé-museum naar een ontwerp van architect Christian de Portzamparc opende zijn deuren op 25 mei 2009.

 

Op 22 mei 2007, de dag die Remi's 100e geboortedag zou zijn geweest, vond in het Luxor Theater in Rotterdam de première van een musical over de onverschrokken reporter plaats. Deze was vijf jaar eerder al met veel succes in België opgevoerd, met onder andere Henk Poort in de rol van kapitein Haddock. Poort deed in de Nederlandse "reprise" weer mee. In juli 2007 werd de musical opgevoerd in Oostende.

 

Van 1946 tot 1992 bestond er ook een stripweekblad met de naam Kuifje.