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White rhinoceros
Breitmaulnashorn
Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park, formerly Hluhluwe–Umfolozi Game Reserve, is the oldest proclaimed nature reserve in Africa. It consists of 960 km² (96,000 ha) of hilly topography 280 kilometres (170 mi) north of Durban in central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is known for its rich wildlife and conservation efforts. The park is the only state-run park in KwaZulu-Natal where each of the big five game animals can be found.
Due to conservation efforts, the park in 2008 had the largest population of white rhino in the world.
Throughout the park there are many signs of Stone Age settlements. The area was originally a royal hunting ground for the Zulu kingdom, but was established as a park in 1895. The Umfolozi and Hluhluwe reserves were established primarily to protect the white rhinoceros, then on the endangered species list. The area has always been a haven for animals as tsetse flies carrying the nagana disease are common, which protected the area from hunters in the colonial era. However, as the Zululand areas was settled by European farmers the game was blamed for the prevalence of the tsetse fly and the reserves became experimental areas in the efforts to eradicate the fly. Farmers called for the slaughter of game and about 100,000 animals were killed in the reserve before the introduction of DDT spraying in 1945 solved the problem. However, white rhinoceros were not targeted and today a population of about 1000 is maintained. On April 30, 1995, the then President Nelson Mandela visited the then Hluhluwe Game Reserve to celebrate the park's centenary. Hluhluwe–Imfolozi was originally three separate reserves that joined under its current title in 1989.
The park is located in the province of KwaZulu-Natal on the east coast of South Africa. The park is closest to the town of Mtubatuba , Hluhluwe village and Hlabisa village. The geography of the area differs from the north, or Hluhluwe area, to the south, or Umfolozi area. Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park is partly in a low-risk malaria area.
This Imfolozi area is situated between the two Umfolozi Rivers where they divide into the Mfolozi emnyama ('Black Umfolozi') to the north and the Mfolozi emhlophe ('White Umfolozi') to the south. This area is to the south of the park and is generally hot in summer, and mild to cool in winter, although cold spells do occur. The topography in the Umfolozi section ranges from the lowlands of the Umfolozi River beds to steep hilly country, which includes some wide and deep valleys. Habitats in this area are primarily grasslands, which extend into acacia savannah and woodlands.
The Hluhluwe region has hilly topography where altitudes range from 80 to 540 metres (260 to 1,770 ft) above sea level. The high ridges support coastal scarp forests in a well-watered region with valley bushveld at lower levels. The north of the park is more rugged and mountainous with forests and grasslands and is known as the Hluhluwe area, while the Umfolozi area is found to the south near the Black and White Umfolozi rivers where there is open savannah.
The park is home to Africa's big five game: elephant, rhinoceros (black/hook-lipped and white/square-lipped), Cape buffalo, lion and leopard. It is home to 86 special species including: Nile crocodile, hippo, cheetah, spotted hyena, blue wildebeest, jackal, giraffe, zebra, waterbuck, nyala, eland, kudu, impala, duiker, suni, reedbuck, common warthog, bushpig, mongoose, baboons, monkeys, a variety of tortoises, terrapins, snakes and lizards. It is one of the world's top spots for viewing nyala. The park is a prime birding destination and is home to 340 bird species. The Hluhluwe River Flood Plain is one of the only areas in the whole of South Africa where yellow-throated, pink-throated and orange-throated longclaw species can be seen together. Bird life include night heron, Wahlberg's eagle, Shelley's francolin, black-bellied korhaan, Temminck's courser, Klaas's cuckoo, little bee-eater and crested barbet.
The park has a diverse floral community.
In 1981, the Natal Parks board (now Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife) attempted to reintroduce African wild dogs into the park. Twenty-three dogs were released in the reserve, most of which had been bred in zoos. However this met with limited success and by 2015, the population had fluctuated between 3 and 30 individuals.
The park is the birthplace of rhino preservation, breeding the species back from extinction. As the home of Operation Rhino in the 1950s and 60s (driven largely by the park's warden, Ian Player), the park became world-renowned for its white rhino conservation. The Rhino Capture Unit of the park helped save the endangered White Rhino from the brink of extinction. As of 2008 there are more than 1,600 white rhino in the reserve and hundreds of the animals have been moved from here to game reserves around the world. The success of this programme has recently been compromised by the increase in rhino poaching within the park. This recent threat has not only become a great concern for the park, but for rhino conservationists countrywide.
The reserve has a 300-kilometre (190 mi) road network.
Some controversy arose in 2014 over plans to build an open-cast coal mine right on the park's border, a plan that a growing coalition of organisations is fighting to stop.
(Wikipedia)
The white rhinoceros or square-lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is the largest extant species of rhinoceros. It has a wide mouth used for grazing and is the most social of all rhino species. The white rhinoceros consists of two subspecies: the southern white rhinoceros, with an estimated 19,682–21,077 wild-living animals in the year 2015, and the much rarer northern white rhinoceros. The northern subspecies has very few remaining individuals, with only two confirmed left in 2018 (two females; Fatu, 18 and Najin, 29), both in captivity. Sudan, the world's last known male northern white rhinoceros, died in Kenya on 19 March 2018.
A popular albeit widely discredited theory of the origins of the name "white rhinoceros" is a mistranslation from Dutch to English. The English word "white" is said to have been derived by mistranslation of the Dutch word "wijd", which means "wide" in English. The word "wide" refers to the width of the rhinoceros's mouth. So early English-speaking settlers in South Africa misinterpreted the "wijd" for "white" and the rhino with the wide mouth ended up being called the white rhino and the other one, with the narrow pointed mouth, was called the black rhinoceros. Ironically, Dutch (and Afrikaans) later used a calque of the English word, and now also call it a white rhino. This suggests the origin of the word was before codification by Dutch writers. A review of Dutch and Afrikaans literature about the rhinoceros has failed to produce any evidence that the word wijd was ever used to describe the rhino outside of oral use.
An alternative name for the white rhinoceros, more accurate but rarely used, is the square-lipped rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros' generic name, Ceratotherium, given by the zoologist John Edward Gray in 1868, is derived from the Greek terms keras (κέρας) "horn" and thērion (θηρίον) "beast". Simum, is derived from the Greek term simos (σιμός), meaning "flat nosed".
The white rhinoceros of today was said to be likely descended from Ceratotherium praecox which lived around 7 million years ago. Remains of this white rhino have been found at Langebaanweg near Cape Town. A review of fossil rhinos in Africa by Denis Geraads has however suggested that the species from Langebaanweg is of the genus Ceratotherium, but not Ceratotherium praecox as the type specimen of Ceratotherium praecox should, in fact, be Diceros praecox, as it shows closer affinities with the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis] It has been suggested that the modern white rhino has a longer skull than Ceratotherium praecox to facilitate consumption of shorter grasses which resulted from the long term trend to drier conditions in Africa. However, if Ceratotherium praecox is in fact Diceros praecox, then the shorter skull could indicate a browsing species. Teeth of fossils assigned to Ceratotherium found at Makapansgat in South Africa were analysed for carbon isotopes and the researchers concluded that these animals consumed more than 30% browse in their diet, suggesting that these are not the fossils of the extant Ceratotherium simum which only eats grass. It is suggested that the real lineage of the white rhino should be; Ceratotherium neumayri → Ceratotherium mauritanicum → C. simum with the Langebaanweg rhinos being Ceratotherium sp. (as yet unnamed), with black rhinos being descended from C. neumayri via Diceros praecox.
Recently, an alternative scenario has been proposed under which the earliest African Ceratotherium is considered to be Ceratotherium efficax, known from the Late Pliocene of Ethiopia and the Early Pleistocene of Tanzania. This species is proposed to have been diversified into the Middle Pleistocene species C. mauritanicum in northern Africa, C. germanoafricanum in East Africa, and the extant C. simum. The first two of these are extinct, however, C. germanoafricanum is very similar to C. simum and has often been considered a fossil and ancestral subspecies to the latter. The study also doubts the ancestry of C. neumayri from the Miocene of southern Europe to the African species. It is likely that the ancestor of both the black and the white rhinos was a mixed feeder, with the two lineages then specializing in browsing and grazing, respectively.
(Wikipedia)
Der Hluhluwe-iMfolozi-Park (früher Hluhluwe-Umfolozi-Park), 280 km nördlich von Durban gelegen, ist eines der ältesten Wildschutzgebiete Afrikas. Er umfasst 960 km² meist hügeliges Gelände und liegt im zentralen Zululand in der Provinz KwaZulu-Natal in Südafrika.
Die vielfältige Vegetation bietet Lebensraum für viele Säugetiere, Vögel, Reptilien und Amphibien. Die „Big Five“, Elefant, Nashorn, Büffel, Löwe und Leopard sind ebenso im Park vertreten wie Geparde, Wildhunde und Giraffen und Nyalas. Hluhluwe und Imfolozi wurden 1895 als getrennte Wildreservate gegründet, als die Population dieser Tiere durch übermäßige Jagd gefährdet war.
Anfang der 1960er Jahre war das Breitmaulnashorn (Ceratotherium simium) vom Aussterben bedroht, in Imfolozi existierte das weltweit letzte bekannte Vorkommen in freier Wildbahn. In der Operation Rhino, die vom KwaZulu Nature Conservation Service durchgeführt wurde, fing man Exemplare ein und schickte sie an Reservate und Zoos in der ganzen Welt, so dass sich inzwischen die weltweiten Bestände erholt haben. Heute finden ähnliche Bemühungen mit dem Spitzmaulnashorn (Diceros bicornis) statt. 1999 wurde ein Projekt zur Erhaltung der Löwenbestände gestartet, die an Inzucht litten, so dass die Bestände durch neue Tiere ergänzt wurden.
Im Laufe der Zeit wurden den Parks weitere Gebiete zugeordnet, 1964 Schutzzäune errichtet und 1989 die beiden Hauptgebiete mit dem trennenden Korridor zum heutigen Park vereint. Heute verwaltet die Naturschutzbehörde der Provinz KwaZulu-Natal, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, das Schutzgebiet, das trotz seiner Größe und bedeutenden Wildbeständen nicht den Status eines Nationalparks Südafrikas besitzt.
(Wikipedia)
Das Breitmaulnashorn (Ceratotherium simum) ist ein Säugetier aus der Familie der Nashörner. Die teilweise gebrauchte Bezeichnung Weißes Nashorn leitet sich vom englischen Trivialnamen White rhinoceros ab. Die Art lebt in den Grassavannen Afrikas und stellt den einzigen noch lebenden Vertreter der Gattung Ceratotherium dar. Zudem ist das Breitmaulnashorn die größte rezente Nashornart.
Das Breitmaulnashorn ist neben den drei Elefantenarten und dem Flusspferd eines der größten Landsäugetiere und die größte aller heute lebenden Nashornarten. Es weist eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 340 bis 380 cm, eine Schulterhöhe von 150 bis 180 cm und ein Gewicht von 1,8 bis 2 t bei Kühen und von meist 1,8 bis 2,5 t bei Bullen auf. Große Bullen erreichen manchmal auch ein Gewicht von 3,5 t. Der Sexualdimorphismus ist stark ausgeprägt, untersuchte männliche Tiere aus dem Garamba-Nationalpark in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo wurden 359 bis 375 cm lang und an der Schulter 163 bis 182 cm hoch. Für weibliche Tiere lagen die entsprechenden Werte bei 299 bis 322 cm und bei 153 bis 177 cm. Der Körper ist massig gebaut, die Gliedmaßen sind sehr breit und kurz. Markant sind der sehr tief hängende Kopf und ein mächtiger Nackenbuckel, der aus Bindegewebe und Muskulatur gebildet wird und der Kopf-Rumpf-Linie eine charakteristische Biegung gibt.
Die Körperfarbe des Breitmaulnashorns ist wie die des verwandten, ebenfalls in Afrika verbreiteten Spitzmaulnashorns (Diceros bicornis) schiefergrau. Die Haut ist durchschnittlich 2 cm dick, erreicht am Nackenbuckel aber auch bis zu 4,5 cm und ist sehr dicht. Sie weist nur gering ausgeprägte Falten auf, was möglicherweise mit dem dichten Unterhautfettgewebe zusammenhängt. Die meist einzige sichtbare Falte befindet sich an den oberen Enden der vorderen Gliedmaßen. Außer an den Ohrrändern, den Augenlidern und am Schwanzende ist die Nashornart unbehaart. Als weitere Unterscheidungsmerkmale zum Spitzmaulnashorn hat das Breitmaulnashorn große Spitzohren und ein breites, stumpfes Maul ohne Greiffortsatz. Dabei bildet die Unterlippe eine hornige Kante, die die fehlenden Schneidezähne ersetzt und mit deren Hilfe die Tiere die Grasnahrung abreißen. Ein weiteres charakteristisches Merkmal sind die zwei Hörner auf der Nase und der Stirn, wobei das vordere in der Regel größer ist.
(Wikipedia)
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)'s Kongo-class guided-missile destroyer JS Kongo (DDG-173) is moored at Yokosuka Naval Base, Japan, February 14, 2019.
Detroit, Michigan, USA
oil / chemical tanker
flag: Malta [MT]
owner: Rigel Schiffahrt, Bremen, Germany
length: 128m / 420ft
built: 2010
Noto Kongo area including Ganmon is one of the Noto Peninsula Quasi-National Park. The area is often used as location for films.
AF-S Nikkor 50mm f/1.4G with Nikon D750
April 20th, 2021
Noto Kongo, Ishikawa, Japan
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)'s Kongo-class guided-missile destroyer JS Kongo (DDG-173) is illuminated to offer the ship's congratulations on the Events Celebrating His Majesty the Emperor's 30 Years of Reign at Yokosuka Naval Base, Japan, February 27, 2019.
Driven by the absolute fashination about the pre-colonial states called Kingdom of Kongo motivated me to create this body of work. My devastation
towards the distruction of cities, kingdoms and culture like these by Euroean invaders are very shamefull. In this case these were the Portuguese.
Before I share more info about this Kingdom, I want to tell the stories of people- sketches and paintings that surveived the European invasion, slavery and destruction. I literally felt the need to give these people, with their remarkable story, a face.
The KRR 1934 was developed for the African People's Alliance after their rise to power in 1934.
The revolving cylinder holds six .30-06 rifle rounds.
It was designed primarily for stopping power and ease of use.
This is a samurai sword hand guard (tsuba) from the Edo period. It has the characters for "kongō” on it and this relates to Buddhism- a charm or weapon to ward off evil-- often depicted as a thunderbolt-looking thing in the hands of deities that stand guard at temple nio gates. In this case, the owner's sword was meant to be an instrument to protect against evil.
This tsuba is on sale at Chōshū-ya, a samurai sword shop located in in the Ginza area of Tokyo. The staff was kind enough to allow me to take photos.
Marysville, Michigan, USA
oil / chemical tanker
flag: Malta [MT]
owner: Rigel Schiffahrt, Bremen, Germany
length: 128m / 420ft
built: 2010
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)'s Kongo-class guided-missile destroyer JS Kongo (DDG-173) is moored at Yokosuka Naval Base on February 14, 2019.
Kongo Rikishi (détail) / Nio (Vajrapani)
Gardien de temple bouddhique sculpté dans le style naturaliste de l'école Kei
Agyo (avec une bouche ouverte pour prononcer A, le début du son sacré Aum équivalent de l'alpha des chrétiens.
Auteur : Unkei (?), fils du sculpteur Kokei.
Japon, Nara
Époque de Kamakura (1185-1333)
13è siècle
Bois peint, cristal de roche (technique par pièces de bois assemblées)
Temple Kofukuji, Nara
Trésor national du Japon
Oeuvre présentée au musée national des arts asiatiques - Guimet, Paris grâce à un prêt exceptionnel de la préfecture de Nara, dans le cadre de Japonismes 2018
Kongo Rikishi / Nio (Vajrapani)
Gardien de temple bouddhique sculpté dans le style naturaliste de l'école Kei
Ungyo (avec une bouche fermée pour prononcer UM, la fin du son sacré Aum, équivalent de l'oméga des chrétiens.
Auteur : Unkei (?), fils du sculpteur Kokei.
Japon, Nara
Époque de Kamakura (1185-1333)
13è siècle
Bois peint, cristal de roche (technique par pièces de bois assemblées)
Temple Kofukuji, Nara
Trésor national du Japon
Oeuvre présentée au musée national des arts asiatiques - Guimet, Paris grâce à un prêt exceptionnel de la préfecture de Nara, dans le cadre de Japonismes 2018
www.guimet.fr/event/nara-tresors-du-bouddhisme-japonais/
Autre vue (photo dalbera)
www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/46242827624/in/album-721576...
Kongo Christian Art: Cross-Cultural Interaction in the Atlantic World (currently on view) The exhibition Kongo: Power and Majesty, on view through January 3, 2016, provides an opportunity to consider the remarkable cross-cultural artistic interaction that took place between Kongo and Portugal from the fifteenth through the eighteenth century.
Remix of The Happy Mondays' Step On, cut with rhythms from He's Gonna Step On You Again, by John Kongos, recorded 1971. The video is a mash-up of John Kongos on Pop Match in 1971, scenes from This Is England '90, which inspired the remix, and photos I took at Where's The Party? at the Blue Monkey in Sunderland 1990.
Full Video at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWFhV8tDvIs