knowhow photos on Flickr

Warren on the Macquarie River. The state school. by denisbin

4 1

Warren.

North east of the town are the Macquarie River marshes a huge area of forests, swamps, lagoons, marshes and water reeds which are the one of the largest inland water areas of Australia. It was made a NSW Nature Reserve in 1971 and declared a wetlands of international significance in 1986. When the Dubbo to Bourke railway to the Darling was being constructed in 1883 Warren missed out being on the railway line. The town progressed further when a spur railway from the Dubbo to Bourke railway reached the town in 1898.

Explorer John Oxley camped near the town site in 1818 on his explorations of the Macquarie River. The next explorer to see the rich fertile lands of the valley was Captain Charles Sturt in 1828. By then the local Ngiyambaa Aborigines must have been concerned about what would happen next. In 1845 they saw white mens’ sheep on their lands as Thomas Readford and William Lawson (the son of the explorer who crossed the Blue Mts in 1813) established Warren sheep station by a natural waterhole near the Macquarie River. They chose the name warren as it meant a game park in old English usage and that area had prolific wildlife. Another theory is the word “waran” in the Ngiyambaa language meant “root”. Stockmen often camped by the Warren waterhole and in 1860 the government surveyed a town here. The first public structure was a post office in 1861 and by 1867 Warren had stores, houses and a school, and by 1875 it had a Courthouse (1874), an Anglican Church (1873) and a bridge across the Macquarie River (1875). In 1885 it got a purpose built government school and in 1903 a new Anglican Church with an octagonal tower was built. The old Post Office is now the Information centre and near it is the modern and impressive Catholic Church. The Anglican and Presbyterian churches are also in Lawson Street. At the main intersection of Lawson and Dubbo streets are the Club House Hotel (1905) and the Royal Hotel (1900) both being built after a major town fire in 1899. One of the interesting buildings in Warren is Edenborough next to the Club House Hotel. The land was taken out by Edward Readford in 1861 and around 1900 he built a combined residence and commercial building with French doors for the upstairs residence and a double louvred gable in the roof. It has had many different types of shops in it over the last 100 years or so. By 1900 Warren had a population of 1,000 and 120 years later it has only risen to 1,500. The district is known for its wool, grain and cotton and Auscott has a gin (mill) a few kms outside the town. Cotton was only grown after the Burrendong Dam was built in 1867 making water available for irrigation. The shire council refers to itself as the “wool and cotton” capital of NSW. Macquarie Park behind the Catholic Church and along the Macquarie River has memorials to John Oxley and Charles Sturt and the River Red Gum walk starts in the park following the river to the Warren waterhole.

Auscott.

This cotton company was founded in 1963 by Boswell Company using the knowhow of two American cotton farmers. They started at Narrabri with 1,700 hectares of cotton and a cotton gin (mill). They acquired land near Warren and built their third gin followed soon after by a fourth at Trangie also in the Macquarie River valley. Next they started in the Moree district and in the last decade they have expanded into the Murrumbidgee River valley. They process about 16 million bales of cotton in the gins annually. Their farmers use the latest laser levelling for furrow or drip irrigation, soil moisture measuring technology etc. and the land has crop rotations of wheat, canola, and sorghum. Since 1969 they have award university scholarships in agriculture to one student from Dubbo, Narrabri, Moree and the offer other scholarships to Hay High School students. Cotton farming has ancient origins with species developed in India, the Middle East and South America. It is a crop used for fibre for textiles but the plant also produces seed for cottonseed oil. India and China and currently the major producers of cotton but Australia ranks about 7th of world producers. It likes alluvial black soils to grow in as are found in the Warren district. It can grow in sub-tropical regions provided soil temperature is suitable for germination and that day time temperatures are not above 32 degrees Celsius at harvest time. In the Macquarie Valley cotton is sown in the warm spring, grown through the summer and harvested from April onwards in the autumn. The plants grow to 1.2 metres in height. The flowers are replaced by fruits known as cotton boles full of cotton lint and seeds. At the gin the seeds are extracted from the boles. In Australia the industry if highly mechanised and efficient. Water used for irrigating cotton is slightly higher than that used for growing fruit trees and vegetables commercially and considerably less than that used for growing rice. Irrigation water is captured through water recycling systems and re-used for subsequent irrigations. Australia produces between 1 and 4 million bales of cotton a year. Around 90% of cotton in Australia is grown on family farms and not on large company properties.

DAF CF Team Knowhow FJ66 UPX by Stuart

3

FestAviDeadline by Cherry Manga

12 1

youtu.be/8X6xx9saQgU

“Creativity is contagious. Pass it on.” Albert Einstein

Not less than 36 avatars created by you during the last two editions.

They were freely disseminated through the metaverse. A real pleasure to see them as they were presented or modified to suit your needs and for your pleasure!

For this third edition, we rely on your desire to show your knowhow, ingenuity and creativity; you may be a novice or not, we all remember this unique avatar that we would love to "dwell" for a beautiful virtual breakaway.

Participate in Fest'Avi is like saying that the big Metaverse under OpenSimulator is different: the common goods and the sharing are the essential components of this spacetime.

Fest'Avi reinforces our spirit for sharing cared objects , inspired, attractive and aesthetic.

That is a great pleasure to invite you to participate in the third edition of this great celebration of the common goods around the avatar: Fest'Avi 2016.

The call for participation is open to all.

Your creations will be presented in a striking and unique evening at FrancoGrid,region Fest'Avi, June 4th, 2016 at 21.00.

Note now this event in your calendar that you do not want to miss!

Creators, audience, photographers, machinimists, we promise you the enchantment!

Registration and creations delivery :

1/ Registration of the participants by note :

"I confirm my participation in Fest'Avi 2016 as creator. I have read and accepted the rules" + creator name + name of the grid where he is resident.

2/ Deposit areas of your registration's notecard :

- Inworld:send a notecard to Cherry Manga or Praline B.

- FrancoGrid's Forum

- Facebook Fest'Avi page

- Google +

Regulation

- The avatars will be given full perms.

- The choice of themes, categories and numbers of avatars presented are free.

- The PG (all public) and adult standards are authorized with this condition and reserves:

**The so-called "PG" standard (every public) is defined as follows: no vulgarity , no suggestion of violence, no profanity, no genitals exposed, no weapons (avatars dedicated to role plays will be presented without their weapons, but their weapons as accessories may be presented separately).

Only general public avatars will be allowed in the official selection of FrancoGrid for the actualization of the proposition of avatars for the first connection.

** For the so-called "Adult" standard : The child avatars are strictly prohibited in this category.

- Minimum composition of the avatar: Avatars should include (at minimum) a shape, a skin, eyes, hair (essential elements)

- Avatars must be original creations, the collaboration between designers is possible. The use of sculpties, meshes, textures or any other open resources is permitted if reworked and indicate the sources.

- The copybots will be disqualified.

- All creation must be under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International).

- The complete avatar folder will be boxed and named:

your username + the title of the avatar and her outfit +license CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Ex: "John Doe" - "Ruth Avatar"

- FrancoGrid take the right in the PG category , for a official proposition of Avatars proposal in the first connection category for his web page.

- All delivered avatars are under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license with all right on Avater region.

- The end date for the inscription and the presentation of your creations is fixed for the date of March 31, 2016 at midnight French time (GMT +1.00)

- Participants authorize, by their entry, the use of their creations under a Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 by FrancoGrid association making them available to its users on the FrancoGrid grid.

Participants while registering agree with conditions of participation set out above and agree to respect the FrancoGrid's CGU.

Team Knowhow by byronv2

5

The occassional person on a very quiet Princes Street, walking past all the many closed shops during Lockdown. With only a couple of food stores opened, all the many other shops on this normally bustling street in sight of the Castle have been closed for weeks.

Lamborghini Diablo GT - 1999 by Perico001

9

In die letzten Diablo-Baujahre floss bereits Audi-Knowhow ein - auch in den 1999 bei der IAA/Frankfurt vorgestellten Diablo GT. Gegenüber dem Diablo VT Heck- statt Allradantrieb, sechs statt 5,7 Liter Hubraum und 575 statt 530 PS machten den nur 80 Mal gebauten GT zum schnellsten Sportwagen seiner Ära.

5.992 cc

V12

575 PS @ 7.300 rpm

Vmax : 338 km/h

0-100 km/h : 3,7 sec

1.490 kg

80 ex.

Techno Classica 2016

Essen

Deutschland - Germany

April 2016

IC 342 "The Hidden Galaxy" by James Peirce

6

IC 342 “The Hidden Galaxy” is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardias, located rather close (a “mere” 7-11 million light years away) to our Milky Way, and measures about 75,000 light years across containing an estimated 100 billion stars. The Hidden Galaxy would be visible in our night sky to the naked eye if not for its position, which we can only observe through gases and dust of our own milky way, serving to dim and obscure it considerably. It can, however, be observed with binoculars given sufficiently clear skies and enough determination or knowhow to locate it.

RASA-8, ZWO ASI183MC Pro, iOptron CEM-40EC, December 8-9 2020, 5hrs RGB (45-60s), 1hr Ha (120s)

Herd of Sheffield 2016 – 39. Bugsy by Karen Roe

With her elephant, Bugsy, artist Liz Hall celebrates the smallest, and sometimes hidden, wildlife found around our great, green city. The creatures featured on Bugsy can be found in gardens, woods, hedgerows and parks in and around beautiful Sheffield. By magnifying them for all to see on her sculpture, Liz hopes that Bugsy can inspire others to look more closely at this wonderful miniature world that is all around us.

Designed by: Liz Hall

Liz Hall is a Sheffield based illustrator who enjoys working in a variety of media. She has a degree in illustration from University College Falmouth where she found her passion for natural history illustration. Liz enjoys sharing her love of all things arty at her part time job as an art consultant at a local primary school where she gets not only to teach art but to work on murals and other projects with different members of the school community.

Sponsored by: Knowhow

Auction Price: £11,000

Summer 2016, a herd of elephant sculptures descended on Sheffield for the biggest public art event the city has ever seen!

58 elephant sculptures, each uniquely decorated by artists, descended on Sheffield’s parks and open spaces, creating one of the biggest mass participation arts events the city has ever seen. Did you find them all?

The trail of elephants celebrates Sheffield’s creativity with over 75% of artists from the city. Some well-known names include Pete McKee, James Green, Jonathan Wilkinson and Lydia Monks – each of which has put their own creative mark on a 1.6m tall fibreglass elephant sculpture. They are all very difference, take a selfie with your favourite as they will be on display until the end of September.

International artist Mark Alexander, who is currently working with Rembrandt for an exhibition in Berlin, flew to Sheffield especially to paint his elephant and international players from the World Snooker Championship signed SnookHerd, an elephant celebrating the heritage of snooker in Sheffield.

The Arctic Monkeys, famous for their love of their home city, added their signatures to their own personalised sculpture which pays homage to the striking sound wave cover of the band’s 2013 album “AM”.

By supporting the Herd of Sheffield you are investing in the future of Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Every penny raised will go towards our Artfelt programme, which transforms the hospital’s walls and spaces with bright art, helping children recover in an environment tailored to them. The programme also puts on workshops for youngsters to provide distraction during anxious moments – such as before an operation, and to breakup long stays on the wards.

This exciting Wild in Art event brought to you by The Children’s Hospital Charity will:

Unite our city – bringing businesses, communities, artists, individuals and schools together to create a FREE sculpture trail which is accessible to all.

Attract more visitors – both nationally and regionally as well as encouraging thousands of people to become a tourist in their own city.

Invest in the future – with a city wide education programme that can be used for years to come and by funding a life-saving piece of medical equipment at Sheffield Children’s Hospital from the Herd auction at the end of the trail.

Showcase our city – celebrating Sheffield’s heritage and cementing our status as a vibrant and culturally exciting city through this world-class initiative.

The Herd of Sheffield Farewell Weekend was held on 14-16 October and was your chance to say a last goodbye to all 58 large elephant sculptures as they gather in one place for a final send-off at Meadowhall.

This special event gave visitors a chance to see the entire herd in all its glory – from the signed Arctic Monkeys’ ‘AM’ elephant, right through to ‘SnookHerd’, autographed by a host of international snooker players including current world champion Mark Selby.

Please note that the Little Herd elephants will not be on display as they will be returned to their school for pupils to enjoy.

Meadowhall, along with its joint owners, British Land are very proud to be supporting The Children’s Hospital Charity as host sponsors for the Herd of Sheffield Farewell Weekend.

Auction: Hundreds of elephant enthusiasts gathered at the Crucible on 20 October for the Herd of Sheffield Auction, which raised a total of £410,600 for The Children’s Hospital Charity.

2002 Renault Avantime in my garage by iBSSR who loves comments on his images

8 6

The Renault Avantime first appeared, in concept form, at the 1999 Geneva Motor Show. It's styling was heavily influenced by the Vel Satis concept shown the previous year with the notable features of extra long double hinged pillarless doors, full glass roof and distinctive curved rear screen with protruding boot - later popularised by the Megane. The pillarless doors and lack of central B-pillar gave the car a large uninterrupted glass area on each side, which led to a large open area when the windows were opened. This, along with the full glass roof and light coloured interior gave the inside of the car a very open, airy and spacious feeling.

In September 1999 Renault announced the Avantime would go into production and unveiled the production model. Externally the car was almost identical to the concept, the main differences being the addition of side ‘bumper' strips, the exhaust being switched from the concepts bumper-integrated outlets which were built into the rear bumper for a more conventional twin-pipe outlet and the front lights which had been bi-xenon now just had xenon for the dipped beam and the indicator was now in a separate unit.

The main features of the double-hinge ‘kinematic' doors, no B-pillar and all glass roof remained. Although the room was still all glass, rather than being made of one large piece of glass it had now been split to provide a ‘twin sunroof' style, with the front one being fully opening - a full 1 sq/m - the largest opening glass sunroof ever fitted to a production car at the time. This also gave more of an open-air driving experience - not far off that of a convertible.

HISTORY AVANTIME

- Renault suffered from over-capacity at their factories, and rather than letting people off, they wanted to take over the manufacture of the hugely successful Espace. So, they made the agreement with Matra that if Matra was given the task of developing this new high-spec topmodel, Renault could bring the Espace production in-house. Since Renault don't have the knowhow and expertise to produce cars like Matra do, they had to redesign the Espace, making it the conventional steel car we see marketed as "Espace IV". Matra took on the task and they came up with a series of design-ideas, all based on the "Espace III".

- The Geneva motor show in March 1999 saw the unveiling of a new Renault concept car - where it was called a "Coupéspace" - which leads the way in opening up a long forgotten niche - that of a luxurious Grand Tourer Coupé with space for four adults to relax in comfort.

POSTER COUPESPACE 1999

www.flickr.com/photos/m_and_jiji/6920221965/

- In the 1920's and '30's Renault's main products were luxurious sports models like the 1929 eight-cylinder Reinastella and 1930 Nervastella, driven by Royalty and Europe's aristocracy. The AVANTIME takes some inspiration from these powerful Grand Tourers, built to cover large distances in great comfort and style, whilst focusing firmly on the future. The AVANTIME, illustrates in a forthright manner Renault's ability to shape the future of the motor car. The manufacturer is convinced that there is room in the market for a new breed of coupe, targeted at a customer group seeking the visual distinction, rarity and driving enjoyment of a coupe with the luxury of space and comfort found in a large car or monospace, all wrapped up in a vehicle which is technologically advanced and forward looking. Styled by Patrick Le Quément, the AVANTIME was intended to combine the space of an MPV with four-place pillarless qualities of a coupé. Regarding the styling, Thierry Metroz, design project manager, said, "We wanted someone walking around the car to be continually astonished."

- You sit high up, with glass all around you. The AVANTIME has no B-pillars - one thing that certainly delayed the project was getting the pillar-less design safety-approved - which adds a roadster feel to it, with windows down. It was named the AVANTIME, which is not pronounced fully in French, but a combination 'AVANT' as in French for "ahead" and 'TIME' pronounced in english. In other words "Ahead of its time". They are quite probably right, and it will not be the first time Matra have been ahead of their time, and have spotted a niche almost before it appeared. It is an avantgarde looking car, the target group were people (former Espace-owners) whose kids have left home, but who still prefer the style and flexibility of the Espace, spiced up with a more luxurious interior and some decent performance. Very similar to the Espace the AVANTIME uses a warm-galvanized chassis in the lower part, but with the upper structure done in aluminium, to get the centre of gravity even lower than the Espace. The bodywork is still polyester, which is bonded in place. The doors are now a (galvanized) steel construction with polyester bodypanels bonded to it, making them much stronger than standard Espace doors, which were all fibreglass, with a metal frame, and in later models (J63 and JE) a side-impact steel bar about halfway up, on the inside. The frontend design is developed from the Espace, with the air-con intake moved to above the headlights, rather than the sidemirrors. The sidemirrors, on the other hand, have moved towards the door-windows again, as on the early Espace models.

- Matra's engineers have avoided the top-heaviness of a minivan or SUV by fitting a lightweight aluminum superstructure to the Espace chassis. The track has been widened, the suspension lowered, and the wheels and brakes enlarged. Careful development has produced a car that feels stable at high speed on the autobahn, steers accurately, rolls only a little when cornered hard, yet smoothes all but the roughest roads. This is an impressive achievement and makes the AVANTIME fun for the driver and calm and secure for the passengers.

- Renault has enlisted the services of French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier to front its first-ever cross-brand advertising campaign "Créateur d'automobiles" (a one-minute spot with music by Etienne de Crécy). The pan-European ad aims to position the French motor brand as being creative and innovative, paving the way for forthcoming launches such as the new AVANTIME GT Coupe in 2001. TV advertising, by incumbent agency Publicis, breaks on October 17 (2000) and shows Gaultier designing and producing a new dress, from sketches to the finished product on the catwalk. After the fashion show, the model sees a Renault AVANTIME and is captivated by it. The ad then shows the process by which the car was created, in reverse from the completed car back to the production line. The designer's sketch is reduced to a blank piece of paper, mirroring Gaultier's process. Eric Bernard, Renault's worldwide advertising director, said: 'We're going to cause a stir with this campaign, and we hope to surprise and interest those who only think of Renault as a brand for small and medium-sized cars. 'It will trigger awareness and help us develop the new message in preparation for the launch of our new large cars.' The TV campaign's launch is being timed to coincide with the Birmingham International Motor Show, where Renault is unveiling its production version of the AVANTIME. It is being supported by press and poster activity.

TV SPOT AVANTIME COMMERCIAL (2001)

www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FS3V-akz-c

- In the meantime - there was a considerable delay in launching the AVANTIME - Renault had tested their design studio VEL SATIS with the public at car-shows and put the VEL SATIS into production, and hit the marked about the same time as the Avantime was finally ready. This means that Renault had two different approaches to the high-end luxury car, one being almost entirely Renault, the other a Matra. The Renault VEL SATIS has 4 doors, which should appeal to less adventurous (or more conservative) people. The AVANTIME was a two-doors only car (well, Matra did have a prototype 4-door version, but it never made it to production), but the doors are "huge" to allow for easy access, and are novel in the way they open, as they are internally hinged, making them sort of fold when you open them. Hereby even these huge doors will only require the same parkingspace as any other car, but at the same time offering excellent access. Having the AVANTIME compete with its Renault sibling obviously was not a good thing for Matra, who must have felt that Renault had not kept their part of the deal. To add insult to injury, its no secret that Renault urged their sales-organisation to push the VEL SATIS before the AVANTIME (by offering higher bonuses to the sales-people). This caused the AVANTIME to sell suficciently poor, to drain Matra for funds, and since there were no hopes for Renault helping them out, Matra decided in december 2002 that enough was enough and in April 2003 they shut down Matra Automobile and closed the factory in Romorantin. The last AVANTIME left the Matra assembly lines 18th of April 2003.

OFFICIAL VIDEO 10 YEARS AVANTIME, the "Coupéspace"

www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCXHroaxg8w&feature=feedu

INTERVIEW PATRICK LE QUEMENT (2009)

What about the Renault Avantime? "It was a very modern piece of design, but it was not liked by many people. It was not supposed to be built in the hundreds of cars every day. It was two years late to market and it was launched at the wrong time. There was also the issue with Matra [which assembled the Avantime and its business folded mid-cycle]. I felt very awkward about this. If we had done a highly conservative design, would it have sold better? If pigs had wings! We will never know. It was a real blow when Matra went bust. If a model is not selling well you feel for the people at the factory. You feel involved when they cut a shift or something like that. When a design works well and it’s a big seller it’s very satisfying. But when it does not work, it’s so often design that’s held to be responsible."

- Patrick le Quément

THE AVANTIME HISTORY RETOLD by iBSSR who loves comments on his images

5

THE AVANTIME HISTORY RETOLD

Renault suffered from over-capacity at their factories, and rather than letting people off, they wanted to take over the manufacture of the hugely successful Espace. So, they made the agreement with Matra that if Matra was given the task of developing this new high-spec topmodel, Renault could bring the Espace production in-house. Since Renault don't have the knowhow and expertise to produce cars like Matra do, they had to redesign the Espace, making it the conventional steel car we see marketed as "Espace IV". Matra took on the task and they came up with a series of design-ideas, all based on the "Espace III".

The Geneva motor show in March 1999 saw the unveiling of a new Renault concept car - where it was called a "Coupéspace" - which leads the way in opening up a long forgotten niche - that of a luxurious Grand Tourer Coupé with space for four adults to relax in comfort.

Poster AVANTIME 1999: www.flickr.com/photos/m_and_jiji/6920221965/

In the 1920's and '30's Renault's main products were luxurious sports models like the 1929 eight-cylinder Reinastella and 1930 Nervastella, driven by Royalty and Europe's aristocracy. The AVANTIME takes some inspiration from these powerful Grand Tourers, built to cover large distances in great comfort and style, whilst focusing firmly on the future. The AVANTIME, illustrates in a forthright manner Renault's ability to shape the future of the motor car. The manufacturer is convinced that there is room in the market for a new breed of coupe, targeted at a customer group seeking the visual distinction, rarity and driving enjoyment of a coupe with the luxury of space and comfort found in a large car or monospace, all wrapped up in a vehicle which is technologically advanced and forward looking. Styled by Patrick Le Quément, the AVANTIME was intended to combine the space of an MPV with four-place pillarless qualities of a coupé. Regarding the styling, Thierry Metroz, design project manager, said, "We wanted someone walking around the car to be continually astonished."

You sit high up, with glass all around you. The AVANTIME has no B-pillars - one thing that certainly delayed the project was getting the pillar-less design safety-approved - which adds a roadster feel to it, with windows down.

It was named the AVANTIME, which is not pronounced fully in French, but a combination 'AVANT' as in French for "ahead" and 'TIME' pronounced in english. In other words "Ahead of its time". They are quite probably right, and it will not be the first time Matra have been ahead of their time, and have spotted a niche almost before it appeared. It is an avantgarde looking car, the target group were people (former Espace-owners) whose kids have left home, but who still prefer the style and flexibility of the Espace, spiced up with a more luxurious interior and some decent performance. Very similar to the Espace the AVANTIME uses a warm-galvanized chassis in the lower part, but with the upper structure done in aluminium, to get the centre of gravity even lower than the Espace. The bodywork is still polyester, which is bonded in place. The doors are now a (galvanized) steel construction with polyester bodypanels bonded to it, making them much stronger than standard Espace doors, which were all fibreglass, with a metal frame, and in later models (J63 and JE) a side-impact steel bar about halfway up, on the inside. The frontend design is developed from the Espace, with the air-con intake moved to above the headlights, rather than the sidemirrors. The sidemirrors, on the other hand, have moved towards the door-windows again, as on the early Espace models.

Matra's engineers have avoided the top-heaviness of a minivan or SUV by fitting a lightweight aluminum superstructure to the Espace chassis. The track has been widened, the suspension lowered, and the wheels and brakes enlarged. Careful development has produced a car that feels stable at high speed on the autobahn, steers accurately, rolls only a little when cornered hard, yet smoothes all but the roughest roads. This is an impressive achievement and makes the AVANTIME fun for the driver and calm and secure for the passengers.

Renault has enlisted the services of French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier to front its first-ever cross-brand advertising campaign "Créateur d'automobiles" (a one-minute spot with music by Etienne de Crécy). The pan-European ad aims to position the French motor brand as being creative and innovative, paving the way for forthcoming launches such as the new AVANTIME GT Coupe in 2001. TV advertising, by incumbent agency Publicis, breaks on October 17 (2000) and shows Gaultier designing and producing a new dress, from sketches to the finished product on the catwalk. After the fashion show, the model sees a Renault AVANTIME and is captivated by it. The ad then shows the process by which the car was created, in reverse from the completed car back to the production line. The designer's sketch is reduced to a blank piece of paper, mirroring Gaultier's process. Eric Bernard, Renault's worldwide advertising director, said: 'We're going to cause a stir with this campaign, and we hope to surprise and interest those who only think of Renault as a brand for small and medium-sized cars. 'It will trigger awareness and help us develop the new message in preparation for the launch of our new large cars.' The TV campaign's launch is being timed to coincide with the Birmingham International Motor Show, where Renault is unveiling its production version of the AVANTIME. It is being supported by press and poster activity.

Link Renault AVANTIME spot commercial 2001: www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FS3V-akz-c

In the meantime - there was a considerable delay in launching the AVANTIME - Renault had tested their design studio VEL SATIS with the public at car-shows and put the VEL SATIS into production, and hit the marked about the same time as the Avantime was finally ready. This means that Renault had two different approaches to the high-end luxury car, one being almost entirely Renault, the other a Matra. The Renault VEL SATIS has 4 doors, which should appeal to less adventurous (or more conservative) people. The AVANTIME was a two-doors only car (well, Matra did have a prototype 4-door version, but it never made it to production), but the doors are "huge" to allow for easy access, and are novel in the way they open, as they are internally hinged, making them sort of fold when you open them. Hereby even these huge doors will only require the same parkingspace as any other car, but at the same time offering excellent access. Having the AVANTIME compete with its Renault sibling obviously was not a good thing for Matra, who must have felt that Renault had not kept their part of the deal. To add insult to injury, its no secret that Renault urged their sales-organisation to push the VEL SATIS before the AVANTIME (by offering higher bonuses to the sales-people). This caused the AVANTIME to sell suficciently poor, to drain Matra for funds, and since there were no hopes for Renault helping them out, Matra decided in december 2002 that enough was enough and in April 2003 they shut down Matra Automobile and closed the factory in Romorantin. The last AVANTIME left the Matra assembly lines 18th of April 2003.

The following production figures have been published (Source: Matra France, L.Thimonner, 2003 ):

2001 : 2067

2002 : 5097

2003 : 1286

HISTORY REPEATING

Only 8450 Renault AVANTIME's were eventually built, before its abrubt end-of-life...

In the science fiction movie 'Children of men' (released 2006), the AVANTIME prototype 4-door version was seen in the cinema, Clive Owen and Julianne Moore travel in the AVANTIME until a breathtaking action sequence disrupt the journey...

Avantime has retained its feeling of novelty!

www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=renault%20icons%20...

The tale of Renault's short lived but stunning coupé is brought to life using interviews with the key players in the cars development, including ex Renault Head of Design Patrick Le Quement and Matra's Phillipe Guedon. With a colourful gathering of over 200 of the iconic cars at the famous Montlhery race track, the Avantime's 10th anniversary is the centre piece of this programme. Enthusiasts and experts swap opinions about what prevented this car becoming as much of a success as it perhaps should have been. Even more of the car's story is provided by Renault Avantime insiders Thierry Metroz and Carole Hurel, while current boss of Renault design, Laurens Van Den Acker gives his verdict on what makes this unique car so special.

Official Video Renault 10 Years AVANTIME, the "Coupéspace"

www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCXHroaxg8w&feature=feedu

Explore Renault AVANTIME

www.flickr.com/photos/55176801@N02/sets/72157625359946635/

Warren. NSW. The impressive Catholic Church. by denisbin

3

Warren. Population 1,600.

North east of the town are the Macquarie River marshes a huge area of forests, swamps, lagoons, marshes and water reeds which are the one of the largest inland water areas of Australia. It was made a NSW Nature Reserve in 1971 and declared a wetlands of international significance in 1986. When the Dubbo to Bourke railway to the Darling was being constructed in 1883 Warren missed out being on the railway line. The town progressed further when a spur railway from the Dubbo to Bourke railway reached the town in 1898.

Explorer John Oxley camped near the town site in 1818 on his explorations of the Macquarie River. The next explorer to see the rich fertile lands of the valley was Captain Charles Sturt in 1828. By then the local Ngiyambaa Aborigines must have been concerned about what would happen next. In 1845 they saw white mens’ sheep on their lands as Thomas Readford and William Lawson (the son of the explorer who crossed the Blue Mts in 1813) established Warren sheep station by a natural waterhole near the Macquarie River. They chose the name warren as it meant a game park in old English usage and that area had prolific wildlife. Another theory is the word “waran” in the Ngiyambaa language meant “root”. Stockmen often camped by the Warren waterhole and in 1860 the government surveyed a town here. The first public structure was a post office in 1861 and by 1867 Warren had stores, houses and a school, and by 1875 it had a Courthouse (1874), an Anglican Church (1873) and a bridge across the Macquarie River (1875). In 1885 it got a purpose built government school and in 1903 a new Anglican Church with an octagonal tower was built. The old Post Office is now the Information centre and near it is the modern and impressive Catholic Church built in 1953. The Anglican and Presbyterian churches are also in Lawson Street. At the main intersection of Lawson and Dubbo streets are the Club House Hotel (1905) and the Royal Hotel (1900) both being built after a major town fire in 1899. One of the interesting buildings in Warren is Edenborough next to the Club House Hotel. The land was taken out by Edward Readford in 1861 and around 1900 he built a combined residence and commercial building with French doors for the upstairs residence and a double louvred gable in the roof. It has had many different types of shops in it over the last 100 years or so. By 1900 Warren had a population of 1,000 and 120 years later it has only risen to 1,500. The district is known for its wool, grain and cotton and Auscott has a gin (mill) a few kms outside the town. Cotton was only grown after the Burrendong Dam was built in 1867 making water available for irrigation. The shire council refers to itself as the “wool and cotton” capital of NSW. Macquarie Park behind the Catholic Church and along the Macquarie River has memorials to John Oxley and Charles Sturt and the River Red Gum walk starts in the park following the river to the Warren waterhole. The first Catholic Church was moved in 2013 to become the Info centre and café beside a wetland.

Auscott. This cotton company was founded in 1963 by Boswell Company using the knowhow of two American cotton farmers. They started at Narrabri with 1,700 hectares of cotton and a cotton gin (mill). They acquired land near Warren and built their third gin followed soon after by a fourth at Trangie also in the Macquarie River valley. Next they started in the Moree district and in the last decade they have expanded into the Murrumbidgee River valley. They process about 16 million bales of cotton in the gins annually. Their farmers use the latest laser levelling for furrow or drip irrigation, soil moisture measuring technology etc. and the land has crop rotations of wheat, canola, and sorghum. Since 1969 they have award university scholarships in agriculture to one student from Dubbo, Narrabri, Moree and the offer other scholarships to Hay High School students. Cotton farming has ancient origins with species developed in India, the Middle East and South America. It is a crop used for fibre for textiles but the plant also produces seed for cottonseed oil. India and China and currently the major producers of cotton but Australia ranks about 7th of world producers. It likes alluvial black soils to grow in as are found in the Warren district. It can grow in sub-tropical regions provided soil temperature is suitable for germination and that day time temperatures are not above 32 degrees Celsius at harvest time. In the Macquarie Valley cotton is sown in the warm spring, grown through the summer and harvested from April onwards in the autumn. The plants grow to 1.2 metres in height. The flowers are replaced by fruits known as cotton boles full of cotton lint and seeds. At the gin the seeds are extracted from the boles. In Australia the industry if highly mechanised and efficient. Water used for irrigating cotton is slightly higher than that used for growing fruit trees and vegetables commercially and considerably less than that used for growing rice. Irrigation water is captured through water recycling systems and re-used for subsequent irrigations. Australia produces between 1 and 4 million bales of cotton a year. Around 90% of cotton in Australia is grown on family farms and not on large company properties.

RBB White Pin by Dan Cormier

11

circa 2007

A version of this image, my White Pin, appears elsewhere in my photostream. But I added it again here, because this version has a little something extra hiding in the lower left corner...

'Burnishing KnowHow' is one of four fundamental sidebar extras we wrote for our first book (the others are Baking, Leaching, and Finishing). Burnishing has been a big part of my polymer clay work process for a very long time, and it's played an important role in many of my pieces. There were seven samples of burnished work we wanted to use, and even in a digital book, with decent-sized images and captions to go with them, that's a lot of real estate to take up on the page. But in a pinch...

Viewed on my iPad, as it appears on page 43, this photo is about a square inch. That's not that big to really see the piece, and it's definitely not big enough to read the caption included with it: White Pin 2007. But I set the resolution of the image at 800 x 800 ppi so that when the picture is double-tapped on an iPad – whoosh! – it fills the screen with sharp, clear, readable results. I purposely set the font size really small, knowing it couldn't be read at 'actual size,' but could be double-tapped to zoom into readable focus.

I like the idea of hiding content in this way, embedding it in a deeper layer on the page. It got me thinking of this digital book as being three-dimensional, having depth as well as length, a book you can move into, and out of. I hope to play with these tools and ideas further as we continue to write more books.

If you'd like to go a little deeper into our first book, you can learn more about it here.

photo by Robert Diamante

Lamborghini Diablo GT - 1999 by Perico001

8

In die letzten Diablo-Baujahre floss bereits Audi-Knowhow ein - auch in den 1999 bei der IAA/Frankfurt vorgestellten Diablo GT. Gegenüber dem Diablo VT Heck- statt Allradantrieb, sechs statt 5,7 Liter Hubraum und 575 statt 530 PS machten den nur 80 Mal gebauten GT zum schnellsten Sportwagen seiner Ära.

5.992 cc

V12

575 PS @ 7.300 rpm

Vmax : 338 km/h

0-100 km/h : 3,7 sec

1.490 kg

80 ex.

Techno Classica 2016

Essen

Deutschland - Germany

April 2016

A successful shrinking spell by Jean-Philippe Lajoie Dorval

8 1

This party of adventurers knowhow to deal with a small party of orcs.

The dungeon was made out of parts from both the Castle Fortraan and Caverns of Nathuz sets.

Warren. NSW. The old Alexander store looks ready for some badly needed restoration. by denisbin

2

Warren. Population 1,600.

North east of the town are the Macquarie River marshes a huge area of forests, swamps, lagoons, marshes and water reeds which are the one of the largest inland water areas of Australia. It was made a NSW Nature Reserve in 1971 and declared a wetlands of international significance in 1986. When the Dubbo to Bourke railway to the Darling was being constructed in 1883 Warren missed out being on the railway line. The town progressed further when a spur railway from the Dubbo to Bourke railway reached the town in 1898.

Explorer John Oxley camped near the town site in 1818 on his explorations of the Macquarie River. The next explorer to see the rich fertile lands of the valley was Captain Charles Sturt in 1828. By then the local Ngiyambaa Aborigines must have been concerned about what would happen next. In 1845 they saw white mens’ sheep on their lands as Thomas Readford and William Lawson (the son of the explorer who crossed the Blue Mts in 1813) established Warren sheep station by a natural waterhole near the Macquarie River. They chose the name warren as it meant a game park in old English usage and that area had prolific wildlife. Another theory is the word “waran” in the Ngiyambaa language meant “root”. Stockmen often camped by the Warren waterhole and in 1860 the government surveyed a town here. The first public structure was a post office in 1861 and by 1867 Warren had stores, houses and a school, and by 1875 it had a Courthouse (1874), an Anglican Church (1873) and a bridge across the Macquarie River (1875). In 1885 it got a purpose built government school and in 1903 a new Anglican Church with an octagonal tower was built. The old Post Office is now the Information centre and near it is the modern and impressive Catholic Church built in 1953. The Anglican and Presbyterian churches are also in Lawson Street. At the main intersection of Lawson and Dubbo streets are the Club House Hotel (1905) and the Royal Hotel (1900) both being built after a major town fire in 1899. One of the interesting buildings in Warren is Edenborough next to the Club House Hotel. The land was taken out by Edward Readford in 1861 and around 1900 he built a combined residence and commercial building with French doors for the upstairs residence and a double louvred gable in the roof. It has had many different types of shops in it over the last 100 years or so. By 1900 Warren had a population of 1,000 and 120 years later it has only risen to 1,500. The district is known for its wool, grain and cotton and Auscott has a gin (mill) a few kms outside the town. Cotton was only grown after the Burrendong Dam was built in 1867 making water available for irrigation. The shire council refers to itself as the “wool and cotton” capital of NSW. Macquarie Park behind the Catholic Church and along the Macquarie River has memorials to John Oxley and Charles Sturt and the River Red Gum walk starts in the park following the river to the Warren waterhole. The first Catholic Church was moved in 2013 to become the Info centre and café beside a wetland.

Auscott. This cotton company was founded in 1963 by Boswell Company using the knowhow of two American cotton farmers. They started at Narrabri with 1,700 hectares of cotton and a cotton gin (mill). They acquired land near Warren and built their third gin followed soon after by a fourth at Trangie also in the Macquarie River valley. Next they started in the Moree district and in the last decade they have expanded into the Murrumbidgee River valley. They process about 16 million bales of cotton in the gins annually. Their farmers use the latest laser levelling for furrow or drip irrigation, soil moisture measuring technology etc. and the land has crop rotations of wheat, canola, and sorghum. Since 1969 they have award university scholarships in agriculture to one student from Dubbo, Narrabri, Moree and the offer other scholarships to Hay High School students. Cotton farming has ancient origins with species developed in India, the Middle East and South America. It is a crop used for fibre for textiles but the plant also produces seed for cottonseed oil. India and China and currently the major producers of cotton but Australia ranks about 7th of world producers. It likes alluvial black soils to grow in as are found in the Warren district. It can grow in sub-tropical regions provided soil temperature is suitable for germination and that day time temperatures are not above 32 degrees Celsius at harvest time. In the Macquarie Valley cotton is sown in the warm spring, grown through the summer and harvested from April onwards in the autumn. The plants grow to 1.2 metres in height. The flowers are replaced by fruits known as cotton boles full of cotton lint and seeds. At the gin the seeds are extracted from the boles. In Australia the industry if highly mechanised and efficient. Water used for irrigating cotton is slightly higher than that used for growing fruit trees and vegetables commercially and considerably less than that used for growing rice. Irrigation water is captured through water recycling systems and re-used for subsequent irrigations. Australia produces between 1 and 4 million bales of cotton a year. Around 90% of cotton in Australia is grown on family farms and not on large company properties.

Warren. On the Macquarie River. The cotton gin and bales of cotton through the rain. by denisbin

3

Auscott. This cotton company was founded in 1963 by Boswell Company using the knowhow of two American cotton farmers. They started at Narrabri with 1,700 hectares of cotton and a cotton gin (mill). They acquired land near Warren and built their third gin followed soon after by a fourth at Trangie also in the Macquarie River valley. Next they started in the Moree district and in the last decade they have expanded into the Murrumbidgee River valley. They process about 16 million bales of cotton in the gins annually. Their farmers use the latest laser levelling for furrow or drip irrigation, soil moisture measuring technology etc. and the land has crop rotations of wheat, canola, and sorghum. Since 1969 they have award university scholarships in agriculture to one student from Dubbo, Narrabri, Moree and they offer other scholarships to Hay High School students. Cotton farming has ancient origins with species developed in India, the Middle East and South America. It is a crop used for fibre for textiles but the plant also produces seed for cottonseed oil. India and China and currently the major producers of cotton but Australia ranks about 7th of world producers. It likes alluvial black soils to grow in as are found in the Warren district. It can grow in sub-tropical regions provided soil temperature is suitable for germination and that day time temperatures are not above 32 degrees Celsius at harvest time. In the Macquarie Valley cotton is sown in the warm spring, grown through the summer and harvested from April onwards in the autumn. The plants grow to 1.2 metres in height. The flowers are replaced by fruits known as cotton boles full of cotton lint and seeds. At the gin the seeds are extracted from the boles. In Australia the industry if highly mechanised and efficient. Water used for irrigating cotton is slightly higher than that used for growing fruit trees and vegetables commercially and considerably less than that used for growing rice. Irrigation water is captured through water recycling systems and re-used for subsequent irrigations. Australia produces between 1 and 4 million bales of cotton a year. Around 90% of cotton in Australia is grown on family farms and not on large company properties.

Lamborghini Diablo GT - 1999 by Perico001

8

In die letzten Diablo-Baujahre floss bereits Audi-Knowhow ein - auch in den 1999 bei der IAA/Frankfurt vorgestellten Diablo GT. Gegenüber dem Diablo VT Heck- statt Allradantrieb, sechs statt 5,7 Liter Hubraum und 575 statt 530 PS machten den nur 80 Mal gebauten GT zum schnellsten Sportwagen seiner Ära.

5.992 cc

V12

575 PS @ 7.300 rpm

Vmax : 338 km/h

0-100 km/h : 3,7 sec

1.490 kg

80 ex.

Techno Classica 2016

Essen

Deutschland - Germany

April 2016

Lamborghini Diablo GT - 1999 by Perico001

8 1

In die letzten Diablo-Baujahre floss bereits Audi-Knowhow ein - auch in den 1999 bei der IAA/Frankfurt vorgestellten Diablo GT. Gegenüber dem Diablo VT Heck- statt Allradantrieb, sechs statt 5,7 Liter Hubraum und 575 statt 530 PS machten den nur 80 Mal gebauten GT zum schnellsten Sportwagen seiner Ära.

5.992 cc

V12

575 PS @ 7.300 rpm

Vmax : 338 km/h

0-100 km/h : 3,7 sec

1.490 kg

80 ex.

Techno Classica 2013

Essen

Deutschland - Germany

April 2013

Deal With an Antisocial by GRG 2.0

9 1

One of my associates .have fortunely passed the way ,oh..dear lord can't believe that maroni is dead ,i couldn't tolerate that anoying eastern european accent,

anyway since he's dead,his old turf is up for the taking,someand the rest of the gotham's criminal elite,won't let the costumed maniacs take it,we will divide it in an unfairly way,the one who's the first to get the controlof gotham's drugring get's it.

so,the Falcone's Disturbed Black sheep,Alberto arranged a meeting on his penhouse,because he doesn't getout very often,

so i told tyler to come with me since he was a tyger guard,let's see if he can protect me.

Falcone lived in a old gotham building that had an amazing view of the skycrapers.

whem we arrived we had a horrible welcome from the Shy Bastard ,and....his......wife?

(really? that asswhole got married?don't look' at me even i got surprised)anyway:

-Alberto dear,What is this ugly midget doing here?

that confused woman said.

-Business ,Honey,Business,

he said

-So...you got married huh!

i said

-Yes,her name is Francesca,we fellin love whem i was in Sicily.

He said

-Yeah,i remember:your father sent you there because the fed's where on his,back,than he died,than your brother took power of the family,than when your brother died,you came back.

i said

-Alberto dear,what is this dwarf talking about?

the poor woman said

-Nothing,honey,nothing.

the liar answered.

-Francesca,did you know about your husbands file?

i sarcasticaly said

-NO,what is in it?

the corious woman asked.

Then i looked to albertos face,poor man,old roman knew that he was week,so...i had mercy what.

-Sorry.Mrs.falcone ,i am a very busy man and.i forgot that i came here to talk with your husband about business.that conversation willhave to be in an other day.

i said

-Honey,can you go to our room please.

the poor man said

-Yes,i will let you gentlemen talk alone.

the polite woman said

-OK.Now,we all know that Maroni is dead,even the bum's know it,but before negotiating,do you knowHow he died?

i asked

-Aparently,deadshot killed him.

he answered

_Deadshot...but Floyd is dead?

i asked the obvius

_Aparently not ,two drug dealers have also been murderedby him.

he kind of answered my question

-But what did two random drug dealer's and Maroni had in comon ?

i asked him

-well,Floyd owned money to the three of them.

he answered

_so..,Floyd Lawton's "Ghost",is killing every one that he owned money or that he hated.we could welbe the next victims!

i warned the bastard

Yeah! like it woulld happen

he said

BOYS!do you want some wine?

Warren. NSW. Water tower art. by denisbin

2 1

Warren. Population 1,600.

North east of the town are the Macquarie River marshes a huge area of forests, swamps, lagoons, marshes and water reeds which are the one of the largest inland water areas of Australia. It was made a NSW Nature Reserve in 1971 and declared a wetlands of international significance in 1986. When the Dubbo to Bourke railway to the Darling was being constructed in 1883 Warren missed out being on the railway line. The town progressed further when a spur railway from the Dubbo to Bourke railway reached the town in 1898.

Explorer John Oxley camped near the town site in 1818 on his explorations of the Macquarie River. The next explorer to see the rich fertile lands of the valley was Captain Charles Sturt in 1828. By then the local Ngiyambaa Aborigines must have been concerned about what would happen next. In 1845 they saw white mens’ sheep on their lands as Thomas Readford and William Lawson (the son of the explorer who crossed the Blue Mts in 1813) established Warren sheep station by a natural waterhole near the Macquarie River. They chose the name warren as it meant a game park in old English usage and that area had prolific wildlife. Another theory is the word “waran” in the Ngiyambaa language meant “root”. Stockmen often camped by the Warren waterhole and in 1860 the government surveyed a town here. The first public structure was a post office in 1861 and by 1867 Warren had stores, houses and a school, and by 1875 it had a Courthouse (1874), an Anglican Church (1873) and a bridge across the Macquarie River (1875). In 1885 it got a purpose built government school and in 1903 a new Anglican Church with an octagonal tower was built. The old Post Office is now the Information centre and near it is the modern and impressive Catholic Church built in 1953. The Anglican and Presbyterian churches are also in Lawson Street. At the main intersection of Lawson and Dubbo streets are the Club House Hotel (1905) and the Royal Hotel (1900) both being built after a major town fire in 1899. One of the interesting buildings in Warren is Edenborough next to the Club House Hotel. The land was taken out by Edward Readford in 1861 and around 1900 he built a combined residence and commercial building with French doors for the upstairs residence and a double louvred gable in the roof. It has had many different types of shops in it over the last 100 years or so. By 1900 Warren had a population of 1,000 and 120 years later it has only risen to 1,500. The district is known for its wool, grain and cotton and Auscott has a gin (mill) a few kms outside the town. Cotton was only grown after the Burrendong Dam was built in 1867 making water available for irrigation. The shire council refers to itself as the “wool and cotton” capital of NSW. Macquarie Park behind the Catholic Church and along the Macquarie River has memorials to John Oxley and Charles Sturt and the River Red Gum walk starts in the park following the river to the Warren waterhole. The first Catholic Church was moved in 2013 to become the Info centre and café beside a wetland.

Auscott. This cotton company was founded in 1963 by Boswell Company using the knowhow of two American cotton farmers. They started at Narrabri with 1,700 hectares of cotton and a cotton gin (mill). They acquired land near Warren and built their third gin followed soon after by a fourth at Trangie also in the Macquarie River valley. Next they started in the Moree district and in the last decade they have expanded into the Murrumbidgee River valley. They process about 16 million bales of cotton in the gins annually. Their farmers use the latest laser levelling for furrow or drip irrigation, soil moisture measuring technology etc. and the land has crop rotations of wheat, canola, and sorghum. Since 1969 they have award university scholarships in agriculture to one student from Dubbo, Narrabri, Moree and the offer other scholarships to Hay High School students. Cotton farming has ancient origins with species developed in India, the Middle East and South America. It is a crop used for fibre for textiles but the plant also produces seed for cottonseed oil. India and China and currently the major producers of cotton but Australia ranks about 7th of world producers. It likes alluvial black soils to grow in as are found in the Warren district. It can grow in sub-tropical regions provided soil temperature is suitable for germination and that day time temperatures are not above 32 degrees Celsius at harvest time. In the Macquarie Valley cotton is sown in the warm spring, grown through the summer and harvested from April onwards in the autumn. The plants grow to 1.2 metres in height. The flowers are replaced by fruits known as cotton boles full of cotton lint and seeds. At the gin the seeds are extracted from the boles. In Australia the industry if highly mechanised and efficient. Water used for irrigating cotton is slightly higher than that used for growing fruit trees and vegetables commercially and considerably less than that used for growing rice. Irrigation water is captured through water recycling systems and re-used for subsequent irrigations. Australia produces between 1 and 4 million bales of cotton a year. Around 90% of cotton in Australia is grown on family farms and not on large company properties.

Yesterday's Hero by Peter Marin

10 7

White seamless b/g

Canon 550ex 1/8th pwr (flagged) lighting the paper.

Nikon SB800 + shoot-through umbrella 1/16th pwr front camera left

Canon 5D 50/1.8 @ iso100 f/8 1/180th

Thanks to Zack Arias for the inspiration and knowhow.

Veloce & 19" Quadrifoglio wheels by iBSSR who loves comments on his images

4 2

www.evo.co.uk/alfa-romeo/giulia/19570/alfa-romeo-giulia-v...

Rebirth of the brand – the all-new 2017 Giulia is the first of eight all-new Alfa Romeos debuting through 2020, and embodies the brand’s La meccanica delle emozioni (the mechanics of emotion) spirit

Giulia nameplate reflects a 55-year heritage of Alfa Romeo’s lightweight, performance sedan tradition and over 105 years of brand history, carving its legend on road courses around the globe

Alfa Romeo Giulia and Giulia Ti models deliver seductive Italian style and craftsmanship to the premium mid-size sedan segment

All-new, all-aluminum, 2.0-liter, direct-injection turbo engine with eight-speed automatic transmission delivers a class-leading, standard 276 horsepower and 295 lb.-ft. of torque, allowing it to launch from 0-to-60 miles per hour (mph) in less than 5.5 seconds, and achieve a top speed of 149 mph

The innovative Alfa Q4 all-wheel-drive system offers the Giulia and Giulia Ti models even more all-season capability and performance

New eight-speed automatic transmission, with available column-mounted paddle shifters, is designed for enthusiasts with gear shifts in less than 100 milliseconds

As the “halo” model in the lineup, Giulia Quadrifoglio highlights Alfa Romeo’s performance and motorsport knowhow with best-in-class 505 horsepower, 0-60 mph in 3.8 seconds and a record-setting 7:39 seconds around the legendary Nürburgring

Near perfect 50/50 weight distribution, segment-leading torsional rigidity and the most direct steering ratio on the market, thanks to Giulia’s all-new rear-wheel-drive architecture

Exclusive to Giulia Quadrifoglio, state-of-the-art technologies, including torque vectoring, active aero front splitter and Alfa DNA Pro mode selector with Race mode, combine to maximize the all-new Giulia’s driving exhilaration

Expanding Alfa Romeo’s lineup beyond the ultra-high performance Giulia Quadrifoglio, the all-new 2017 Giulia and Giulia Ti models will make their North American debut at the 2016 New York International Auto Show, further highlighting the first of a new-generation of vehicles embodying Alfa Romeo’s La meccanica delle emozioni (the mechanics of emotion) spirit, world-class performance, advanced technologies, seductive Italian style and an exhilarating driving experience to the premium mid-size sedan segment.

“All-new from the ground up, the 2017 Giulia lineup marks Alfa Romeo’s return to the heart of the premium sedan segment and the next chapter of the brand’s rich 105-year heritage,” said Reid Bigland, Head of Alfa Romeo – North America. “From the new Giulia and Giulia Ti models, to the ultra-high performance Quadrifoglio model, each of our Alfa Romeo sedans deliver class-leading power and handling, the pedigree of incredible technology and race-inspired performance, plus design and style that could only be crafted in Italy.”

Three exciting Giulia models that highlight Alfa Romeo’s balance of engineering and emotion

Building on the excitement of the ultra-high-performance 505-horsepower Giulia Quadrifoglio model that debuted at the Los Angeles Auto Show in November, the all-new Giulia and Giulia Ti (Turismo Internazionale) models continue to expand Alfa Romeo’s perfect balance of engineering and emotion to the heart of the premium sedan segment with an Italian designed and crafted sport sedan that is driver focused.

Giulia and Giulia Ti models

The all-new 2017 Alfa Romeo Giulia and Giulia Ti models exude Italian style, craftsmanship and performance, all while delivering a comprehensive list of standard features, including an all-new, all-aluminum, 2.0-liter, direct-injection turbo engine with eight-speed automatic transmission delivering a class-leading, standard 276 horsepower, class-exclusive carbon fiber driveshaft, dual exhaust system with bright tips, leather seating, 7-inch full-color driver information display (DID), Alfa-tainment featuring a 6.5-inch or 8.8-inch industry-first hidden widescreen infotainment display, Alfa DNA selector with Dynamic, Natural and Advanced Efficiency vehicle behavior modes, sport-inspired flat-bottom steering wheel with integrated push button start, along with keyless-go with passive entry and remote start.

For more capability, the innovative Alfa Q4 all-wheel-drive (AWD) system is also available on Giulia and Giulia Ti models, while available Sport, Luxury and Performance packages will further add to this Alfa Romeo model’s performance and style.

Giulia Quadrifoglio

As the “halo” model in the lineup, Giulia Quadrifoglio highlights Alfa Romeo’s performance and motorsport knowhow with a record-setting 7:39 Nürburgring lap time – the fastest ever by a four-door production sedan.

The beating heart of this ultra-high performance sedan is an all-aluminum, direct-injection, 2.9-liter V-6 bi-turbo engine, delivering a best-in-class 505 horsepower, as well as earning the title of the most powerful Alfa Romeo production car engine ever and the quickest with a class-leading 0-60 mph acceleration in 3.8 seconds. The Giulia Quadrifoglio features exclusive enhancements for maximum performance, including high-performance front and rear fascias and carbon fiber lightweight materials, including hood, active aero front splitter, rocker panel moldings and rear deck-lid spoiler. Additionally, the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio offers staggered fitting 19 x 8.5-inch (front) and 19 x 10-inch (rear) forged alloy wheels wrapped with Pirelli P Zero Corsa three-season high-performance tires. Inside, the Giulia Quadrifoglio includes performance front seats, featuring 12-way power, including 4-way lumbar plus front adjustable thigh support. Further features include Quadrifoglio-exclusive leather-wrapped steering wheel with accent stitching and performance contours; leather-wrapped instrument panel with accent stitching; carbon fiber interior trim; and bright door scuff plates with “Quadrifoglio” graphics.

Advanced technology features unique to the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio model include a four-mode Alfa DNA Pro selector that adds Race mode, torque vectoring differential, high-performance Brembo six-piston front and four-piston rear brake caliper system, Quadrifoglio-tuned adaptive suspension, Quadrifoglio instrument cluster with 200 mph speedometer, cylinder deactivation system, Blind-spot Monitoring, Rear Cross Path detection, vehicle alarm and 35-watt bi-xenon headlamps offering auto-leveling technology, adaptive cornering and headlamp washers.

Ultra-high performance options further optimize Alfa Romeo’s 191-mph sedan’s lightweight design and track-proven capabilities:

Ultra-lightweight carbon fiber shell Sparco racing seats provide maximum lateral support during extreme cornering, thanks to more aggressive bolstering, and are designed to be the lightest in the segment, while providing comfort for long road trips

Ultra-high-performance Brembo carbon-ceramic material (CCM) brake system features six-piston front and four-piston rear aluminum monoblock front brake calipers with two-piece 15.4-inch (390 mm) front and 14.2-inch (360 mm) rear CCM rotors. The CCM rotor design delivers a 50-percent weight reduction compared to cast iron discs, further reducing unsprung mass to improve handling, while enabling a 60-0 mph stopping performance in an impressive 102 feet

Styled with passion: high-performance, functional and seductive Italian design

With its muscular proportions and a “pure” design ethos of passion, lightness and simplistic elegance “clothing” its class-leading technical layout with near perfect 50/50 weight balance, the all-new 2017 Giulia exudes stunning and functional Italian style with a finesse of Alfa Romeo heritage, athletically taut lines and sculptural details.

Alfa Romeo designers styled the proportions of the all-new Giulia to have commanding presence and a menacing face determined to take on the world’s best roadways and road courses. A large signature “shield” grille is elegantly sculpted within the front fascia to form the “Trilobo,” a signature of Alfa Romeo design. Aggressively styled headlamps flank the signature grille and include LED daytime running lights (DRL) for a signature appearance.

Alfa Romeo Giulia’s side profile proportion highlights the near perfect 50/50 weight balance and seductive Italian design. To “skin” the all-new Alfa Romeo rear-wheel-drive architecture that delivers benchmark-level performance thanks to a primary focus of locating as much mechanical mass between the wheelbase as possible, Alfa Romeo designers deliberately provided Giulia with extremely short overhangs, long hood and front fender proportions. And for more emphasis on Giulia’s rear-wheel-drive layout, Alfa Romeo designers made the muscular rear fender forms straddle the passenger compartment to deliver a “settled” look over the drive wheels and stylistically mark the point where power is unleashed onto the road. Taut lines, including the elegantly sculpted character line along the body sides, mark the doors and envelope the handles while naturally leading back to the legendary V-shaped nose. Rounded angles and enveloping pillars draw from Alfa Romeo’s rich design heritage and recall the “drop-shaped” profile reminiscent of the Giulietta Sprint, one of the most beautiful cars ever made. Even from plan view, Alfa Romeo designers gave the Giulia an organic, “ellipsis” design appearance to add to the all-new sedan’s timeless character. Finishing off the Giulia’s athletic appearance are nine available wheel designs that range from 17-inch, to larger and wider 19-inch staggered-fitting five-hole-design wheels that hark back to the brand’s stylistic heritage.

Short overhangs and deck lid further emphasize the all-new Alfa Romeo Giulia’s muscular rear fender forms and road-holding stance. Elegantly shaped tail lamp features are drawn horizontally to highlight the performance sedan’s width, while LED rear light clusters further highlight Giulia’s use of advanced technologies. Finishing off the rear is a two-piece fascia that neatly integrates the chrome dual exhaust tips for a precise aesthetic.

Crafted around the driver

Built around the driver, Alfa Romeo Giulia designers focused on simplistic elegance, with a focus on incorporating the essential elements for performance. Inside, Giulia’s high-level of craftsmanship starts with an asymmetric-styled instrument panel, featuring a driver-focused cockpit crafted with an array of available leathers with accent stitching, plus trim bezels in aluminum, wood or carbon fiber – all for a bespoke look that could only be crafted in Italy. A Formula-1-inspired steering wheel features a thick-rim profile that transmits the chassis’ direct-steering feel and neatly groups the vehicle controls and the red engine start button. Behind the steering wheel, the Giulia features a full-color 7-inch DID cluster straddled by two large white-on-black face analog gauges.

At the center of the interior, the brand’s all-new widescreen Alfa-tainment system in 6.5 inches, or larger 8.8 inches, offers an intuitive, yet sophisticated series of features all elegantly “hidden” in the instrument panel. Below, in the center console, the rotary controller is ergonomically located and features a simple operation of the Alfa-tainment system. Last, the Alfa DNA selector is adjacent to the manual or automatic shifter, enabling the driver to easily adjust the Alfa Romeo Giulia’s driving behavior.

State-of-the-art engines are the heart and soul of Alfa Romeo technology and performance

Adding to Giulia’s all-new-from-the-ground-up formula to take on the premium mid-size sedan segment are two all-new Alfa Romeo specific powertrains, which highlight the brand’s passion for technology and performance.

Best-in-class 276 horsepower with all-new Alfa Romeo turbocharged four-cylinder engine

Debuting in the all-new 2017 Giulia and Giulia Ti models, an all-new, 2.0-liter, direct-injection, all-aluminum, 16-valve, turbocharged and intercooled engine, designed specifically for Alfa Romeo, delivers a best-in-class 276 horsepower, 0-60 mph acceleration in less than 5.5 seconds, along with world-class levels of performance, efficiency and refinement.

To deliver its best-in-class 276 horsepower output and flat torque curve of 295 lb.-ft. of torque between 2,250 – 4,500 rpm, the state-of-the-art engine features exceptional turbo responsiveness thanks to a “2-in-1” turbocharger design, with the charging system driven through two pipes that gather exhaust gas from pairs of cylinders in alternating sequence.

Performance and fuel economy of these engines are fostered by the MultiAir electro-hydraulic variable valve actuation technology, the direct injection system with 200 bar injection pressure, a water-cooled cylinder head integrated manifold and a water-cooled charge air cooler.

Most powerful Alfa Romeo production engine ever: 505-horsepower all-aluminum 2.9-liter bi-turbo V-6

With an Alfa Romeo racing history influenced by automotive legends like Enzo Ferrari that dates back to the 1920s, it’s no surprise that the all-new Giulia Quadrifoglio harks back to Alfa Romeo’s engineering excellence, with an all-aluminum, 2.9-liter, direct-injection bi-turbo V-6 as the “beating heart,” bringing this artisan designed vehicle to life and further representing a return to the “Great Alfa Romeos.”

Designed to optimize the all-new lightweight Alfa Romeo architecture, the all-aluminum, 2.9-liter V-6 bi-turbo engine features a compact 90-degree layout and was holistically designed for a low center of gravity within the chassis.

To deliver a best-in-class 505 horsepower and a flat torque curve with 443 lb.-ft. of peak torque between 2,500 – 5,500 rpm, the state-of-the-art engine features a bi-turbo design with 35 psi peak boost. In addition, the engine’s turbochargers are integrated into the exhaust manifold and feature a low-inertia, single-scroll turbo design with variable-boost management for an ultra-responsive throttle reaction. A direct injection system maximizes fuel combustion for improved engine output and efficiency. Combined, these technologies – along with an available enthusiast-desired short-shifting six-speed manual transmission – enable real-world performance numbers that include: best-in-class 0-60 mph in 3.8 seconds, 191 mph top speed and a record setting 7:39 Nürburgring lap time.

For improved fuel efficiency and to take advantage of the all-aluminum 2.9-liter bi-turbo engine’s impressive power density of nearly 175 hp/L, the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio features a Cylinders’ Efficient Management (CEM) deactivation system that enables the engine to run on three of its six cylinders. Furthermore, an innovative engine start/stop (ESS) system stops fuel flow and shuts the powertrain down when the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio is at a full stop – reducing fuel consumption and emissions. When the brake pedal is released, the high-performance bi-turbo engine automatically restarts thanks to the ESS system’s high-speed, high-durability starter, which reduces crank time, culminating in quick restarts. Last, the engine features a variable-pressure oil pump to reduce operational energy draw.

Alfa Q4 all-wheel drive adds even more all-season capability and performance to Giulia and Giulia Ti

When equipped with the intelligent Alfa Q4 all-wheel-drive system, Giulia and Giulia Ti models deliver even more all-season traction and performance capability thanks to the system’s ability to transfer up to 60 percent of the 2.0-liter direct-injection all-aluminum turbo engine’s torque to the front axle.

The innovative Alfa Q4 AWD system is linked to the Giulia’s Chassis Domain Controller (CDC) and driver-adjustable Alfa DNA – enabling the driveline’s next-generation integrated actuator to adapt to changing ground conditions or driver need in 150 milliseconds, and instantly optimize the required torque to each wheel.

New eight-speed automatic transmission with available column-mounted paddle shifters, is designed for enthusiasts with gear shifts in less than 100 milliseconds

The all-new Giulia is the first Alfa Romeo to receive the newest generation eight-speed automatic transmission co-developed with ZF.

The innovative compact gear set design is obtained with a smart arrangement of components and by integrating functions: four planetary gear sets and only five shift elements (three multidisk clutches and two brakes) minimize the drag loss and increase the transmission efficiency, thanks to the new multidisk separation of brakes and the use of a parallel-axis vane-type oil pump. Energy efficiency is maximized by an optimized cooling strategy, which adjusts the cooling oil flow to the system pressure (only 3.5 bar max allowed pressure).

The eight-speed automatic transmission’s shift-by-wire improves safety and comfort, while the integrated transmission control unit allows to shift faster and more precisely than a professional driver (less than 100 milliseconds to initiate a downshift when increased acceleration is desired) and enables nested multiple downshifts (such as 8th gear to 2nd gear) thanks to the most modern adaptive shift strategies.

Best-in-class power-to-weight ratio thanks to an all-new architecture with extensive use of lightweight materials

Alfa Romeo Giulia’s all-new rear-wheel-drive architecture extensively integrates lightweight, state-of-the-art materials that enable and deliver near perfect 50/50 weight distribution, segment-leading torsional rigidity and the most direct steering available.

As the first of the Alfa Romeo product renaissance to feature the all-new “Giorgio” architecture, Alfa Romeo engineers designed a lightweight rear-wheel-drive platform with a low center of gravity – all to deliver the high-performance and precision expected from an Alfa Romeo.

Alfa Romeo Giulia’s aluminum front and rear vehicle frames, front shock towers, brakes, suspension components, doors and fenders also help shed weight compared to conventional steel. In addition, the rear cross member is made from aluminum and composite.

An Alfa Romeo exclusive double wishbone front suspension with semi-virtual steering axis guarantees rapid and accurate steering feel. With the most direct steering ratio in the segment (11.8:1), Alfa Romeo Giulia can tackle high lateral accelerations as a result of the always perfect footprint. At the rear, a patented Alfa-link rear axle design with vertical rod ensures top performance, driving pleasure and passenger ride comfort.

Next-level, state-of-the-art technologies add to Alfa Romeo Giulia’s driving exhilaration

A primary objective of the Alfa Romeo engineering team was to integrate world-first and next-level vehicle technological solutions that would only amplify the all-new Giulia’s exhilarating driving experience.

Chassis Domain Control (CDC)

The “brain” of Alfa Romeo Giulia’s benchmark level dynamics can be attributed to its innovative CDC system. The CDC system coordinates all of the vehicle’s available active systems (stability control, torque vectoring, Alfa Active suspension system and active aero front splitter), using predictive-type dynamic models to deliver balanced, safe and natural driving, thus optimizing performance and drivability.

Integrated Braking System (IBS)

The world’s first integrated braking system debuts on the Alfa Romeo Giulia, replacing a traditional system of electronic stability control (ESC) and brake booster for even more instantaneous braking responsiveness. The innovative electromechanical system improves braking performance through a faster increase in pressure and makes it possible to vary brake feel jointly with the Alfa DNA Pro system. As a result, this lightweight technological solution delivers new levels of brake response and stopping distance.

Alfa DNA and Alfa DNA Pro drive mode selectors

Innovative Alfa DNA and, exclusive to the Giulia Quadrifoglio, Alfa DNA Pro drive mode selectors modify the dynamic behavior of the vehicle, according to the driver’s selection:

Dynamic: delivers sharper brake and steering feel with more aggressive engine, transmission and throttle tip-in calibrations

Natural: comfort setting for balanced daily driving

Advanced Efficiency: the eco-saving mode to achieve the lowest fuel consumption, first time on an Alfa Romeo

Race: exclusive to Alfa DNA Pro, this mode activates the over-boost function, opens up the two-mode exhaust system, turns ESC off and delivers sharper brake and steering feel with more aggressive engine, transmission and throttle tip-in calibrations

Active aero front splitter

A segment-exclusive active aero front splitter instantaneously adjusts the carbon fiber front lip spoiler for optimal aerodynamics, downforce and stability at any speed. In addition to helping the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio achieve a best-in-class 0.32 Cd, the dynamic front splitter with its two electric actuators can generate up to 220 pounds of downforce while operating between 62 mph and 143 mph.

Torque vectoring

Torque vectoring makes it possible for the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio to achieve higher performance during lateral acceleration. The rear differential optimizes torque delivery to each wheel separately for improved power delivery, traction and control on all types of road surfaces, without cutting power like traditional systems.

Alfa Active Suspension system

The innovative Alfa Active Suspension systems are available on Giulia Ti and standard on the Giulia Quadrifoglio. This four-channel chassis damping system instantly adapts to driving conditions and can be adjusted by the driver via the Alfa DNA selector. This technology allows for a setting of softer shock absorbers for a more comfortable drive, or a more rigid setting, for more accuracy in sports driving.

Safety and security

The all-new Alfa Romeo Giulia offers innovative safety and security features and leverages state-of-the-art driver-assist features.

The latest Alfa Romeo sedan offers safety and security features that include:

Full-speed Forward Collision Warning – Plus: provides autonomous braking and, under certain circumstances, slows or brings the vehicle to a full stop when frontal collision appears imminent

Adaptive Cruise Control – Plus with Full Stop: helps maintain distance from the vehicle ahead and, under certain traffic conditions, the system can bring the Giulia to a full stop without driver intervention

Lane Departure Warning: alerts the driver of inadvertent lane departure

To help rear visibility both on the road and in parking situations, Blind-spot Monitoring, Rear Cross Path detection and front- and rear-park assist sensors are offered on Giulia.

In addition, the Alfa Romeo Giulia features advanced multistage driver and front-passenger air bags; driver and front-passenger seat-mounted side air bags (pelvic-thorax); front and rear side curtain air bags; and driver and front-passenger inflatable knee air bags.

Bespoke from Italy: a vivid array of colors, materials and design details

Adding to the excitement of owning an Alfa Romeo Giulia are the personalization options that each enthusiast can select directly from Italy.

Up to 13 exterior colors are available and include: Rosso Alfa (Red), Alfa Black, Alfa White, Vulcano Black Metallic, Silverstone Gray Metallic, Montecarlo Blue Metallic, Vesuvio Gray Metallic, Imola Titanium Metallic, Stromboli Gray Metallic, Lipari Gray Metallic, Monza Red Metallic, Trofeo White Tri-Coat and Rosso Competizione Red Tri-Coat.

Inside, a variety of interior combinations are available across the Alfa Romeo Giulia model lineup. Five different seat styles, including two sport seats, plus four different interior trims, which include genuine Dark Gray Oak, Light Walnut and brushed aluminum, can also be selected. Exclusive to Giulia Quadrifoglio, an array of five premium leather and Alcantara interior combinations paired with carbon fiber are available. First, an all-Black interior with a choice of Black, White and Green or Red accent stitching. A two-tone Black with Red interior with Red accent stitching further highlights the brand’s Italian design. For a bespoke look, Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio also offers a two-tone Black with Ice interior combination with signature Green and White Quadrifoglio accent stitching that pulls from Alfa Romeo’s historic and high-performance logo.

Nine wheel designs are available across the Giulia lineup, ranging in size from 17 inches to 19 inches in diameter, along with Light and Dark Gray finishes. Specific to the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio are staggered fitting 19 x 8.5-inch (front) and 19 x 10-inch (rear) lightweight forged aluminum “Technico” wheels in Light or optional Dark Gray finish. In addition, Alfa Romeo’s signature five-hole-design alloy wheels in Light or Dark Gray finish are also available.

For audiophile customers, Alfa Romeo Giulia offers the sophisticated Sound Theatre by Harman Kardon, which delivers detail-rich audio output. The heart of the Sound Theatre system is a 900-watt 12-channel class D amplifier, which distributes clear sound through a system of 14 speakers for superior listening quality. Logic 7 sound technology is used to obtain a surround effect from different high-resolution sources and harmoniously uniform stereo playback. With this sound system, occupants can experience the premium quality for which Harman Kardon is famed.

Quadrifoglio: superstition becomes super performance

The history of the Quadrifoglio dates back to the 1923 Targa Florio, one of the oldest and most famous racing events of all time – a dangerous and thrilling open road endurance race held in the mountains of Sicily.

Leading up to the 1923 racing season, Ugo Sivocci – an incredibly superstitious driver – was a perennial second-place finisher, more often than not behind one of his Alfa teammates. So, going into the Targa Florio race and in an effort to banish his bad luck, the superstitious Sivocci decided to paint a four-leaf clover on the side of his 1923 Targa Florio RL. Sure enough, in his first race with the green four-leaf clover, or Quadrifoglio, on his car, Sivocci won.

However, a few weeks after the Targa Florio victory, Sivocci was testing a new Alfa car at the legendary Monza racetrack. There had been no time to paint Sivocci’s good luck symbol on the car and tragically he crashed and lost his life – and a legend was born.

The four-leaf clover on Sivocci’s car was encased in a square box, while all future clovers were encased in a triangle, with the missing point symbolizing the loss of Ugo Sivocci. From that day forward, the four-leaf clover became the symbol of all Alfa Romeo race cars and later the mark of Alfa’s high performance street vehicles.

TEAM KNOWHOW FJ66 UOY by Richard Says

6

Greater Caucasus Mountain Range by Linus Wärn

7 4

If I had the money and the knowhow I'd like to scale a mountain like that someday.

SBB Bad Ragaz - Signal Box (Intro) by Kecko

5

The todays signal box in Bad Ragaz is one of the special ones of SBB. It is a relay interlocking of type Domino 67-N from June 1993. It is combined with the newer N-signals (numeric) and not with the L-system (point of light) as usual. The combination of old and new technology requires a lot of knowhow of staff who must know all special cases. From the mid-1990s on, electronic interlockings were increasingly built.

Bad Ragaz is a large signal box for the entire route between Sargans and Landquart. This includes the stations Bad Ragaz, Maienfeld, track crossover Rossriet and the technical station Neugüter. The techniques are located under the train station, today only partially in the historical basement from 1858.

This is the control desk on the track side of the station. It is still in operation but is controlled remotely. Switzerland, March 4, 2020. (1/21)

Painting Sleeping Beauty by Tomitheos

6 28

"First, I use a darker blend of the color to outline the shading of the face

and then I add a lighter 'secondary color' on top of it to create depth to the painted surface." ~Tomitheos

COLOR MIXING:

There are three 'primary colors': red, blue and yellow

By mixing two primary colors together, a 'secondary color' is created:

red and yellow make orange, yellow and blue make green etc.

If three primary colors are mixed together then we have what is called a 'tertiary color'..

Step 2

Step 3