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Typical "popcorn" or "bubbly" appearance of small subcortical cavernous haemangioma, with old blood products manifesting as susceptibility artefacts.
AUS QLD Gladstone CQMI Instructive Cases 080808.011-001
South door.
. Unbuttressed, late w tower with pyramid roof. But the nave is Norman and has in its s doorway and chancel arch two of the very best and most characteristic pieces of the Herefordshire school of carvers. Both pieces are clearly the work of one man. His obsession was birds, especially cocks. Cocks are e.g. on the capitals of the one order of shafts of the S doorway. The abacus has intertwined trails. In the arch a thick roll moulding and a band of rosettes. But the tympanum is what really matters, a tympanum that helps much to reconstruct the all but lost one of Shobdon, of which Rowlstone is to all intents and purposes a copy. It represents Christ in Glory. The legs are placed in the typically Romanesque way, with knees wide apart and feet together. The folds have the tense, stringy parallel curves of the Herefordshire school. The figure is in a halo, not almond-shaped as usual, but with top and bottom rounded. Four angels hold the halo, and all four are represented flying head downwards. This allows the carver again to display his curved parallels. The composition is highly accomplished. What is against nature is in accordance with stylistic principles. In the capitals of the chancel arch there are again birds. The capitals it are of one piece with the outer adjoining panel of two small figures on each side. On the 1. (N) they are an angel and a bishop, on the r. it is not so easy to recognize them, as they stand upside down. That does not seem quite so accomplished, and the most baffling fact is that the whole stone was not rejected. Such indulgence is attractive; it is instructive too. Many birds once more in the abaci. In the doorway arch a thick roll and an outer band of saltire crosses. Norman windows in nave and chancel.
(Pevsner: The Buildings of England, Herefordshire)
From the Mail Bag:
Randy, I found a book called Fly Fishing for Salmon and Steelhead of the Great Lakes, by Kenn Filkins, to be very instructive (but not quite as helpful as your web site, of course).
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By the way, congratulations with the success of your 12'6" 7 wt. Orvis. It sounds like a great rod. I went with the 11'6" 8/9 wt. Loomis, which I am loving, but (as you pointed out) it may not be the most appropriate for winter steelhead on the Salmon River. Maybe I need to get another rod . . .
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Who would have thought that less than two years ago I had never fly fished for steelhead or salmon. This year, by contrast, I've had seven great days of steelhead fishing and 13 great days of salmon fishing and my confidence (if not my skill) is growing by leaps and bounds as is my interest in the sport.
Thanks again for all of your help these past two years. I look forward to more instruction next year.
Have a great holiday season.
Mark
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Mark, I could not be happier for you! The fish gods have been smiling down upon you for sometime now. Happy Holiday's, Randy
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Hi Randy, how are you. Was wondering if you could give me some fly rod/reel equipment recommendations without me having to rob a bank to purchase stuff. Would be looking for a 9 foot, 9 weight outfit.
A place near me has some St. Croix rods with lifetime warrantees for between 150 and 200 bucks but as far as reels go, I have no clue. Would like to keep the reel under 200 bucks.
Perhaps I will see you this summer. Thanks Dave
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Hi Dave, Great rod for the bucks! Buy it!! Try an Orvis Battenkill Large Arbor 9-10 reel. Its one of the most reasonably priced L-A reels out there. I have used one for about 2-3 years, on a year round basis for steelhead, Salmon and Striped Bass. If you buy a lighter weight rod for Steelhead, then use it on that rod also. All of my 5, 6, 7 weight Steelhead rods all have 9-10 reels on them. Why buy another reel when the larger reel picks up more line, better drag, etc. Who cares if it does not balance with the rod perfectly. The fish dont seem to mind!
Hope this helps,
Randy
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Fun photo's:
(Photo's - www.yankeeangler.com)
I like this photo of an iceberg floating down thru the lower end of the river while getting a nice Steelhead photo. The fun part of landing this steelhead was hoping these ice bergs wouldn't hit your leader and break you off. It's always FUN when your fishing and 1 of these run's into you. SURPRISE!!
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(Photo's)
I had a celebrity in the drift boat today. It was Dave Claus. (Santa's brother)
Dave, Myself and Miss Steelhead are fishing you all a Safe and Happy Holiday!
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(Photo's)
Floating thru the Cow Pasture in the drift boat during a dark, overcast, fresh snow, Winters day on the Salmon River Pulaski NY. (Looks pretty cold and miserable to me, care to join me? Didn't think soooooooo..............)
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(Photo's)
My niece Kate says, the fishieeeeees are thiiiiiiiiiiis BIG on the Salmon River NY!
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(Photo's)
Jen decided to spend some quality time with her boyfriend while he fished here for steelhead during the Winter. (yukyuk)
A funny reaction to when the heater runs out of propane in the middle of the day, in the middle of the Winter on the drift boat.
She was hanging around for the day while her boyfriend fished for Steelhead. (We hit our fair share) In return, she was promised a day of shopping in Montreal.
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
365/365
The End
~
What else to say that the year is over and so it the project... It's been fun and extremely instructive. I want to thank all the participants, the facebook likers and the flickr followers for supporting me during the year. I wish you all a Happy New Year and all the best for 2012! Cheers :)
Ann Fahl challenged me to step outside my safe zone. Her tutorial was instructive and clear but the assignment was mine to determine. I decided to dance with thread for March. I used some new Sulky PolyLite 60 Wt Thread in some luscious colors on white. Very hard to capture in a photo. I plan to add color to the fabric with pencils later. I started with a pencil drawing and then drew it on the fabric with my needle. Very happy with this and glad I stepped out of my comfort zone.
This is a very instructive shot, so pay attention. It is taken on my garden seat, which is now a lichen reserve!
There are three species of lichens here. The black lines are prothalli (sing. prothallus), parts of the lichens and often more conspicuous when there is a border dispute. So they are fighting it out for space!
Without an expert and a microscope it is hard to be sure of the i/d, but this is what one expert (Alan S from British Lichen Society) writes:
...could well be right about it being Lecanora chlarotera, but there are several look-alike species and in this case I would not be confident without microscopic examination - especially as this looks like decorticated wood rather than thin bark. Also the lichen is unwell - see the black areas in the apothecia, sign of a fungal parasite (for which there are several candidates). To the right, with black apothecia, is most probably Lecidella elaeochroma, but again there are look-alikes. Top right might be a Lecania species but I am not sure and again a microscope is needed.
Has now reached 100 views.
Album de la Editorial Castro.
Published in Madrid 1927.
Bound volume of seventeen "totally moral and instructive" novels (two chapters of each). Authorised by the censor (Spain was under the military dictatorship of Primo de Rivera at the time. Spanish Dictators tend to be rather pious when not killing people.)
The novels were also sold in weekly fascicles each with three full colour illustrations.
HCLS Chapters-of-Our-Lives Time Capsule installed in a beautiful circular bench in the lobby at HCLS Central Branch in Columbia, Maryland. A plaque displayed on the site that reads:
Within this bench rests a Time Capsule that captures the essence of Howard County Library System (HCLS) in 2015, our 75th Anniversary.
Its contents reflect our unwavering heritage as a 20th and 21st century educational institution with a mission to deliver equal opportunity in education for everyone through a curriculum that comprises Three Pillars: Self-Directed Education, Research Assistance & Instruction, and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences.
Symbolic of our timeless mission, this Time Capsule is a collection of three containers, all part of a 75-year plan:
To connect our past, present, and future, HCLS appointed 136 Howard County middle students to serve as Guardians. On October 24, 2015, they pledged to champion the HCLS legacy, keeping it safe for the next 25 years.
October 27, 2040 – The Class of 2015 will reconvene to pass on the role of Guardian to the next generation (Class of 2040). Together, the two generations will open and reseal the 2015 container, then fill the 2040 container.
October 24, 2065 – The Class of 2040 will gather to pass on the role of Guardian to the Class of 2065. Together, they will open and re-seal the 2015 and 2040 containers, then fill the 2065 container.
October 21, 2090 – The Class of 2065 will gather on the occasion of Howard County Library System’s sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary to open the Time Capsule.
Dedicated this 24th day of October, 2015 to the always forward-looking citizens of Howard County, MD.
HCLS Chapters-of-Our-Lives Time Capsule installed in a beautiful circular bench in the lobby at HCLS Central Branch in Columbia, Maryland. A plaque displayed on the site that reads:
Within this bench rests a Time Capsule that captures the essence of Howard County Library System (HCLS) in 2015, our 75th Anniversary.
Its contents reflect our unwavering heritage as a 20th and 21st century educational institution with a mission to deliver equal opportunity in education for everyone through a curriculum that comprises Three Pillars: Self-Directed Education, Research Assistance & Instruction, and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences.
Symbolic of our timeless mission, this Time Capsule is a collection of three containers, all part of a 75-year plan:
To connect our past, present, and future, HCLS appointed 136 Howard County middle students to serve as Guardians. On October 24, 2015, they pledged to champion the HCLS legacy, keeping it safe for the next 25 years.
October 27, 2040 – The Class of 2015 will reconvene to pass on the role of Guardian to the next generation (Class of 2040). Together, the two generations will open and reseal the 2015 container, then fill the 2040 container.
October 24, 2065 – The Class of 2040 will gather to pass on the role of Guardian to the Class of 2065. Together, they will open and re-seal the 2015 and 2040 containers, then fill the 2065 container.
October 21, 2090 – The Class of 2065 will gather on the occasion of Howard County Library System’s sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary to open the Time Capsule.
Dedicated this 24th day of October, 2015 to the always forward-looking citizens of Howard County, MD.
History of Greene County, Missouri
1883
R. I. Holcombe, Editing Historian [public domain]
"CAVE SPRING.
The village of Cave Spring, is the only one in Cass township. It stands on the southeast corner of section 4, township 30. The town takes its name from a large spring flowing out of a sort of cave on Asher creek near by. The first house in Cave Spring was built by John Grigsby, a farmer and trader and an old settler, who afterward removed to California and died there. The house was of logs. The first store was established in 1848, by Alfred Staley. It contained probably $500 worth of goods, chiefly staple articles, which had been "wagoned" in from Boonville.
The first physicians who practiced in the village and surrounding country were Drs. Perkins, Wilson, Clinton, and Matthews. The first ministers were old E. P. Noel and Milton Renshaw, Presbyterian.
The first school teacher is said to have been David Daizell. In 1868 a high school was established in Cave Spring. A Professor Perry was the first principal and taught for two years. After him came Prof. O. H. Giiffin, of New York, who taught two years; then came a Prof. McCord, who served one year, and he was followed by one Ward, who taught a portion of one year, when the small pox broke out and soared away teachers and scholars, and the school has not since been re-opened. [713]
The first child born in the village was Lula Staley, daughter of the pioneer merchant, and now the wife of Dr. T. W. Coltrane. The first death was that of Lydia Staley, a sister of Mrs. Coltrane.
The post office at Cave Spring was established about the year 1867 or 1868. The only voting place in Cass township is at Cave Spring. The village now contains five stores and one blacksmith shop, and one church building belonging to the Presbyterians.
MOUNT ZION CHURCH—PRESBYTERIAN.
This church was organized October 19th, 1839, at Mrs. Jane Renshaw's (familiarly called "Grandma Renshaw"), by Rev. E. P. Noel, of Hermon church, near Bolivar, Polk county. The original members were Elizabeth Stowell, Stephen Dillard, Julia Ann Dillard, Jane Renshaw, Margaret A. Appleby, Joseph K. Renshaw, Robert S. Reid, Amanda F. Reid, David Appleby, and Catharine Appleby,—ten in all. The first ruling elders were David Appleby, Robert S. Reid, and Stephen Dilliard. The church was called Mt. Zion Presbyterian church. The congregation met and worshiped in private houses at first. In the spring, or early in the summer of 1840, a brush arbor was put up a short distance south of Grandma Renshaw's house, and under this, meetings were held. In the summer of 1861 a shed was erected at Cave Spring, and was called Cave Spring camp ground. It was used by all denominations for camp meetings. This shed being too small, it was extended by a brush arbor. The first camp meetings were held the last days of July and the first days of August, in the year 1841. These camp meetings were held annually, and attended by people from a great distance, who came in wagons, carts, on horseback and on foot. The first person received into the church was Margaret McElhanon; she came in by letter November 17 1839. The first on examination was James Appleby, on August 1st, 1841. Rev. E. P. Noel was the pastor from the organization of the church until November 14th,1881. He held regular monthly services. Then came Rev. G. A. M. Renshaw, a graduate of Maysville college, East Tennessee. He died March 27th, 1857. On the 14th of June, 1857, Rev. A. E. Taylor took charge, and served until February 26th, 1860, when Rev. L. R. Morrison was called and served the church until April, 1861. From January 28th, 1866, to some time in the fall of 1869, the Rev. J. M. Brown, of Illinois, who was sent by the Board of Home Missions, served as pastor; Rev. Enos M. Halbert took charge on May 14th 1870, and after him came Rev. George Davis, who served as "stated supply" in the year 1881. The present pastor is C. C. Hembree. The ruling elders in their order from the time of its organization up to the year 1876, were David Appleby, Stephen Dillard, David Dalzell, Charles Hughes, Wm. E. Thompson, Nathan Thompson, Newton A. McGill, Robert S. Reid, Alexander Stowell, Wm. Walker, David S. Dalzell, John R. Lee, Moses C. Anderson, and Samuel Hall. The first church building, was erected in 1845. It was built of hewed logs taken from the forest nearby. During the war this building was used for a dwelling house, and by the soldiers as a commissary and for quarters. The first meeting of the Osage Presbytery, after the war, was held in this building. The present building was erected in 1869, at a cost of about $3,500, including the school rooms. It was dedicated August 22d, 1869, by Rev. Dr. Hill, of Kansas City. Mt. Zion is one of the very oldest Presbyterian churches in Missouri, and lays claim to being the first regularly organized west of St. Louis. It is the parent of three other churches—Springfield, Mt. Bethel, and Grand Prairie. Space forbids anything like a complete history of this church, which would be not only interesting, but highly instructive. [714]"
P5120005
Peel Lodge's Masonic Kneeling Pad.
Masonic Square and Compasses:
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest.”
The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. It is not a secret society, since all members are free to acknowledge their membership and will do so in response to enquiries for respectable reasons. Its constitutions and rules are available to the public. There is no secret about any of its aims and principles. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members. In history there have been times and places where promoting equality, freedom of thought or liberty of conscience was dangerous. Most importantly though is a question of perspective. Each aspect of the craft has a meaning. Freemasonry has been described as a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. Such characteristics as virtue, honour and mercy, such virtues as temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice are empty clichés and hollow words unless presented within an ordered and closed framework. The lessons are not secret but the presentation is kept private to promote a clearer understanding in good time. It is also possible to view Masonic secrecy not as secrecy in and of itself, but rather as a symbol of privacy and discretion. By not revealing Masonic secrets, or acknowledging the many published exposures, freemasons demonstrate that they are men of discretion, worthy of confidences, and that they place a high value on their word and bond.
Masonic Square and Compasses.
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest."
Camera class at Craig Gum Studio with Craig Gum and Jeremy Barton. Model Emily Barford. Working on knowing camera and changing aperture, shutter speed and ISO. I like some of these images but need to work toward better focus and less grain. Other feedback, instructive/constructive criticism welcome.
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
Osmia niveata Fabricius, 1804
English name:
Jersey Mason Bee
Funddatum /Collection Date:
06.05.2022
Fundort /Location/temperature:
Italia, Tuscany, Castello di Potentino, Taxon Expeditions.
42°55'23.3''N 11°32'33.8''E
Sammlungsnummer / collection code:
Lkn171
Geschlecht / Sex: ♂
male
Größe des Exemplars / Size of specimen
8mm; fore wing length 6mm
Merkmale / Morphologic features:
Tergit 6 median ausgeschnitten. Tergit 7 mit zwei spitzen Zähnen.
Bemerkungen / Notices:
I thank Gerd Reder and Paul Westrich for instructive help and discussion on the taxonomy of this specimen.
Bestimmungsreferenz / Reference of determination:
1. Scheuchl, E. 2006. Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Osterreichs: Band II Megachilidae - Melittidae. Eigenverlag.
2. Amiet, F., M. Herrmann, A. Müller, and R. Neumeyer. 2004. Fauna Helvetica 9. Apidae 4: Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis. Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune (CSCF).
Fotoinformation / Photo-Information:
(Photo Dirk-H. Lankenau)
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Kamera: Olympus OMD E-M1 MarkII
Objektiv: Olympus Zuiko 60mm Macro, Raynox M250
Either/Or presents compelling new works for unconventional ensemble formations rarely heard elsewhere.
At MIT, the experimental and fiercely virtuosic group is working with students to workshop their compositions in-progress, educating them in the intricacies of their instruments and proposing novel ways of composing. The residency culminates in Either/Or performing student compositions, an exciting and instructive opportunity for students to benefit from masterful contemporary musicians performing their work in public. Either/Or is also performing the work of MIT Associate Professor of Music Keeril Makan, recently described by The New Yorker as “an arrestingly gifted young American composer.”
This residency will work in parallel and overlapping ways with the residency of Robin Rimbaud (Scanner) and Stephen Vitiello, which explores sonic production primarily from the perspective of installation. During their residency, Either/Or will perform a concert focused on the works of Alvin Lucier, whose music at the intersection of concert work and installation provides a critical point of departure for the investigation of sound and space.
Learn more at artsm.it/1fX3eZX
All photos ©L. Barry Hetherington
Please ask before use
HCLS Chapters-of-Our-Lives Time Capsule installed in a beautiful circular bench in the lobby at HCLS Central Branch in Columbia, Maryland. A plaque displayed on the site that reads:
Within this bench rests a Time Capsule that captures the essence of Howard County Library System (HCLS) in 2015, our 75th Anniversary.
Its contents reflect our unwavering heritage as a 20th and 21st century educational institution with a mission to deliver equal opportunity in education for everyone through a curriculum that comprises Three Pillars: Self-Directed Education, Research Assistance & Instruction, and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences.
Symbolic of our timeless mission, this Time Capsule is a collection of three containers, all part of a 75-year plan:
To connect our past, present, and future, HCLS appointed 136 Howard County middle students to serve as Guardians. On October 24, 2015, they pledged to champion the HCLS legacy, keeping it safe for the next 25 years.
October 27, 2040 – The Class of 2015 will reconvene to pass on the role of Guardian to the next generation (Class of 2040). Together, the two generations will open and reseal the 2015 container, then fill the 2040 container.
October 24, 2065 – The Class of 2040 will gather to pass on the role of Guardian to the Class of 2065. Together, they will open and re-seal the 2015 and 2040 containers, then fill the 2065 container.
October 21, 2090 – The Class of 2065 will gather on the occasion of Howard County Library System’s sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary to open the Time Capsule.
Dedicated this 24th day of October, 2015 to the always forward-looking citizens of Howard County, MD.
"This museum was designed to show visitors this type of "making things, through the textile machinery and automobile industries with which the Toyota Group has been involved, and to show the transitions in industry and technology."
"As many as 4000 exhibition pieces - dynamic displays of original equipment, actual demonstrations by operators, instructive videos, and more. Our exhibitions provide an easy-to-understand introduction to the concept of “making things.” Experience “making things” first hand and discover the wonders of “spirit of being studious and creative.”
Jo Selwood gave a moving and instructive talk on organ donation, and why you shouldn't just sign up to be a donor but make sure that your family understand your wishes.
Front entrance.
Masonic Square and Compasses:
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest.”
The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. It is not a secret society, since all members are free to acknowledge their membership and will do so in response to enquiries for respectable reasons. Its constitutions and rules are available to the public. There is no secret about any of its aims and principles. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members. In history there have been times and places where promoting equality, freedom of thought or liberty of conscience was dangerous. Most importantly though is a question of perspective. Each aspect of the craft has a meaning. Freemasonry has been described as a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. Such characteristics as virtue, honour and mercy, such virtues as temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice are empty clichés and hollow words unless presented within an ordered and closed framework. The lessons are not secret but the presentation is kept private to promote a clearer understanding in good time. It is also possible to view Masonic secrecy not as secrecy in and of itself, but rather as a symbol of privacy and discretion. By not revealing Masonic secrets, or acknowledging the many published exposures, freemasons demonstrate that they are men of discretion, worthy of confidences, and that they place a high value on their word and bond.
Masonic Square and Compasses.
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest."
Andy (in the red top) is one of the leading .22 and air rifle benchrest shooters in Britain. He does a great deal to help this branch of the sport via his website "The Benchrest Show", which contains masses of technical information , instructive videos, etc.
March 9, 2020 - Mid-Century Engineering Lab Renovation/Addition: An Energy-Efficient Model
Presented by:
Jerry Johnson, Perkins+Will
Greg Tamborino, Perkins+Will
Lindsey Freel, Moody Nolan
Laura Halverson, Affiliated Engineers
Creating a sustainable, energy-efficient building expansion/renovation has become one of the most important goals of Phase 1 of the Ohio State University Advanced Materials Corridor project. The project can be considered an instructive prototype for improving the many aging engineering and research buildings throughout Ohio and the Midwest. The Mars G. Fontana Laboratories, currently under construction at a prominent location on The Ohio State University’s main campus, is a complete renovation and large addition to a 1960s lab building. When completed, it will be a 127,000 SF biomedical and materials engineering building. It is the first phase of the Biomedical and Materials Engineering Complex, which will be an interconnected series of existing renovated buildings and new construction providing efficient teaching and research spaces. As a result of co-locating two highly ranked engineering departments, the new lab has been designed to a high level of operational and energy efficiency. Pursuing a goal of LEED Silver, the predicted EUI of 190 kbtu/sf/yr results in an energy savings exceeding 40% when compared to national benchmarks for the building type. In recognition of water as a valuable resource the users were educated about the impacts of cooling scientific equipment with once-through domestic water and opted for a process chilled water system to meet the scientific equipment needs.
DesignColumbus was held this year for the first time at the LEED Certified Mitchell Hall on the campus of Columbus State Community College. Mitchell Hall is the New Home of the Columbus State's Hospitality Management and Culinary Arts Program. DesignGroup a Columbus/Pittsburgh firm was the building architect.
The same day as our event, Mike DeWine, Governor of the State of Ohio declared a state of emergency for the entire state and began shutting things down due to COVID-19. Columbus State took precautions with lots of hand sanitizing stations located throughout the building.
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
pca90
WIT: I didn't have any female models at hand to assist in a proper emulation of Ruth Bernhard. Therefore, I decided to work on shadows and light Opportunity was provided by the Blizzard of 2009, which left a blanket of snow on the front yard. When the storm passed and the sun emerged, the handrail on the front walk cast this shadow. I had to dial up the contrast in pp to get the image my eye saw before I shot it.
I can't say that her work was especially inspiring or instructive. It is always a good idea to concentrate on light and shadow, as she did. So for that reminder I am thankful.
HCLS Chapters-of-Our-Lives Time Capsule installed in a beautiful circular bench in the lobby at HCLS Central Branch in Columbia, Maryland. A plaque displayed on the site that reads:
Within this bench rests a Time Capsule that captures the essence of Howard County Library System (HCLS) in 2015, our 75th Anniversary.
Its contents reflect our unwavering heritage as a 20th and 21st century educational institution with a mission to deliver equal opportunity in education for everyone through a curriculum that comprises Three Pillars: Self-Directed Education, Research Assistance & Instruction, and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences.
Symbolic of our timeless mission, this Time Capsule is a collection of three containers, all part of a 75-year plan:
To connect our past, present, and future, HCLS appointed 136 Howard County middle students to serve as Guardians. On October 24, 2015, they pledged to champion the HCLS legacy, keeping it safe for the next 25 years.
October 27, 2040 – The Class of 2015 will reconvene to pass on the role of Guardian to the next generation (Class of 2040). Together, the two generations will open and reseal the 2015 container, then fill the 2040 container.
October 24, 2065 – The Class of 2040 will gather to pass on the role of Guardian to the Class of 2065. Together, they will open and re-seal the 2015 and 2040 containers, then fill the 2065 container.
October 21, 2090 – The Class of 2065 will gather on the occasion of Howard County Library System’s sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary to open the Time Capsule.
Dedicated this 24th day of October, 2015 to the always forward-looking citizens of Howard County, MD.
Site of chapel opened 11 Aug 1878 on land donated by John Littlefield adjacent to Burnside store, closed. First services in Littlefield’s home. Rev Burnet Patch Mudge also served the denomination’s 2 other churches, Waymouth St, city, and Chapel St, Thebarton, and was at first affiliated with the Victorian church of same name.
“The opening services in connection with the Burnside United Methodist Free Church were commenced on Sunday, August 11, when sermons were preached by the Rev. J. W. Bamber in the afternoon, and by the Rev. B. P. Mudge in the evening, to large congregations. On Wednesday the services are to be continued by a tea and public meeting.” [Express & Telegraph 12 Aug 1878]
“The United Methodist Free Church, which until within the last few years has been unrepresented in this colony, may now be said to be thoroughly established. Several preaching stations have been opened in Adelaide and the surrounding district, and the Society is gradually but surely extending its operations. Mr. Littlefield having generously given a piece of land at Burnside, efforts were made to erect a place of worship, the outcome of which has been a nicely finished and commodious little chapel, the size being 45 feet by 33 feet. Mr. S. Taylor, of Norwood, was the builder. The cost has been about £400. The chapel is pleasantly situated on the rising ground a little above Mr. Hooper's store, and commands a fine view of the city and the gulf. . . Mr. Hooper, of Burnside, generously provided the whole of the refreshments. . . [Rev Mudge] thanked Mr. Littlefield, on behalf of the trustees, for his valuable gift of land, as well as for having allowed the use of his house as a preaching-place.” [Adelaide Observer 24 Aug 1878]
“Burnside.— On Monday, May 12th, Mr. W. Long gave his interesting and instructive lecture on . . . at the United Free Church. The Rev. B. P. Mudge presided. Messrs. Taylor and Loader addressed the meeting, and Mr. T. Taylor gave a recitation. The proceedings were enlivened by music and singing by the Adelaide choir.” [Christian Colonist 16 May 1879]
“United Methodist Free Church— Special services in aid of the Trust Fund of the United Methodist Free Church, Burnside, were held. . . The Rev. B. P. Mudge preached on the Sabbath, and on Wednesday a tea and public meeting was held. . . they should be thankful to the Government for having laid the water on to that township, as it would be the means of making Burnside a most desirable place of residence.” [Register 27 Feb 1880]
“a deputation from the United Methodist Free Churches in Victoria arrived in Adelaide for the purpose of investigating matters connected with the churches in this colony, which had adopted the name of United Methodist Churches, under the charge of the Rev. B. P. Mudge. . . discovered . . . that all the churches were the private property of Mr. Mudge who had made an offer to sell the Adelaide and Burnside Churches to the connection for the sum of £2,200. . . a considerable sum of money had been received in the name of the connexion and applied to church purposes.” [Weekly Chronicle 8 Mar 1884]
“a meeting of the committee of the United Methodist Free Churches, held at Windsor Church, Melbourne, on Monday, March 24, the following resolution was passed:— ‘That the ministerial connection between the Rev. B. P. Mudge and the United Methodist Free Churches be now severed.’” [Express & Telegraph 4 Apr 1884]
“United Free Church of South Australia (Incorporated) Special Services will he held on Sunday, April 20.— Adelaide Church at 6.30, by Mr. W. Johnson, of Glanville; Burnside Church, at 3 30, by the Circuit Minister; and Thebarton Mission, at 3 o’clock. George D. Latham, Circuit Secretary.” [Express & Telegraph 19 Apr 1884]
“An entertainment in aid of repairs to the Burnside United Free Church was held on Monday, the 21st inst. There was a good attendance. The pastor presided, and informed the friends that the work of renovation had commenced.” [Christian Colonist 1 Jan 1886]
“The last of a series of entertainments in aid of repairs to the United Free Church, Burnside, was held on Thursday, March 25. There was a good attendance, and the pastor, who presided, thanked all those who assisted.” [Christian Colonist 2 Apr 1886]
Vintage Masonic ash tray with Square and Compasses.
Georgian China, USA origin.
Square and Compasses - This symbolic stone was removed from above the entrance to the Lambton Mills Masonic Temple erected by Mimico Lodge on the north side of Dundas Street in 1882.
Masonic Square and Compasses.
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest.”
The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. It is not a secret society, since all members are free to acknowledge their membership and will do so in response to enquiries for respectable reasons. Its constitutions and rules are available to the public. There is no secret about any of its aims and principles. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members. In history there have been times and places where promoting equality, freedom of thought or liberty of conscience was dangerous. Most importantly though is a question of perspective. Each aspect of the craft has a meaning. Freemasonry has been described as a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. Such characteristics as virtue, honour and mercy, such virtues as temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice are empty clichés and hollow words unless presented within an ordered and closed framework. The lessons are not secret but the presentation is kept private to promote a clearer understanding in good time. It is also possible to view Masonic secrecy not as secrecy in and of itself, but rather as a symbol of privacy and discretion. By not revealing Masonic secrets, or acknowledging the many published exposures, freemasons demonstrate that they are men of discretion, worthy of confidences, and that they place a high value on their word and bond.
Masonic Square and Compasses.
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest."
Osmia niveata Fabricius, 1804
English name:
Jersey Mason Bee
Funddatum /Collection Date:
06.05.2022
Fundort /Location/temperature:
Italia, Tuscany, Castello di Potentino, Taxon Expeditions.
42°55'23.3''N 11°32'33.8''E
Sammlungsnummer / collection code:
Lkn171
Geschlecht / Sex: ♂
male
Größe des Exemplars / Size of specimen
8mm; fore wing length 6mm
Merkmale / Morphologic features:
Tergit 6 median ausgeschnitten. Tergit 7 mit zwei spitzen Zähnen.
Bemerkungen / Notices:
I thank Gerd Reder and Paul Westrich for instructive help and discussion on the taxonomy of this specimen.
Bestimmungsreferenz / Reference of determination:
1. Scheuchl, E. 2006. Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Osterreichs: Band II Megachilidae - Melittidae. Eigenverlag.
2. Amiet, F., M. Herrmann, A. Müller, and R. Neumeyer. 2004. Fauna Helvetica 9. Apidae 4: Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis. Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune (CSCF).
Fotoinformation / Photo-Information:
(Photo Dirk-H. Lankenau)
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Kamera: Olympus OMD E-M1 MarkII
Objektiv: Olympus Zuiko 60mm Macro, Raynox M250
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
Salem Cemetery Ontario Canada.
Masonic Square and Compasses:
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest.”
The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. It is not a secret society, since all members are free to acknowledge their membership and will do so in response to enquiries for respectable reasons. Its constitutions and rules are available to the public. There is no secret about any of its aims and principles. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members. In history there have been times and places where promoting equality, freedom of thought or liberty of conscience was dangerous. Most importantly though is a question of perspective. Each aspect of the craft has a meaning. Freemasonry has been described as a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. Such characteristics as virtue, honour and mercy, such virtues as temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice are empty clichés and hollow words unless presented within an ordered and closed framework. The lessons are not secret but the presentation is kept private to promote a clearer understanding in good time. It is also possible to view Masonic secrecy not as secrecy in and of itself, but rather as a symbol of privacy and discretion. By not revealing Masonic secrets, or acknowledging the many published exposures, freemasons demonstrate that they are men of discretion, worthy of confidences, and that they place a high value on their word and bond.
Masonic Square and Compasses.
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest."
Classic exam "trap" case - there are two fractures, one distally at the 5th metacarpal neck, the other proximally at the radial head/neck manifesting as an elbow joint effusion. See the detail view.
AUS QLD Gladstone CQMI Instructive Cases 080808.014-001
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
Either/Or presents compelling new works for unconventional ensemble formations rarely heard elsewhere.
At MIT, the experimental and fiercely virtuosic group is working with students to workshop their compositions in-progress, educating them in the intricacies of their instruments and proposing novel ways of composing. The residency culminates in Either/Or performing student compositions, an exciting and instructive opportunity for students to benefit from masterful contemporary musicians performing their work in public. Either/Or is also performing the work of MIT Associate Professor of Music Keeril Makan, recently described by The New Yorker as “an arrestingly gifted young American composer.”
This residency will work in parallel and overlapping ways with the residency of Robin Rimbaud (Scanner) and Stephen Vitiello, which explores sonic production primarily from the perspective of installation. During their residency, Either/Or will perform a concert focused on the works of Alvin Lucier, whose music at the intersection of concert work and installation provides a critical point of departure for the investigation of sound and space.
Learn more at artsm.it/1fX3eZX
All photos ©L. Barry Hetherington
Please ask before use
Awesome stuff Santa! I am so excited about the Klingon book, that is hilarious and fantastic. I've been in such a Trek kick for a while now, so this is just perfect. We do get KitKat, but I hear our chocolate is very different and yours is better, so I can't wait to rip into it and the others, which I've never heard of. And you were right (and is that a clue about who you are) that I love Christmas music season! Thanks for the classics! And finally, somehow you knew that I would need a calming device, especially one that is so instructive and can hold my warm beverage of choice. My wife and I have been collecting coffee mugs, so this will fit right in.
I'm off to make a warm cup of coffee now, but before I do, I'll wager a guess at my Santa being @prime?
Thanks for the incredible gifts!
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
HCLS Chapters-of-Our-Lives Time Capsule installed in a beautiful circular bench in the lobby at HCLS Central Branch in Columbia, Maryland. A plaque displayed on the site that reads:
Within this bench rests a Time Capsule that captures the essence of Howard County Library System (HCLS) in 2015, our 75th Anniversary.
Its contents reflect our unwavering heritage as a 20th and 21st century educational institution with a mission to deliver equal opportunity in education for everyone through a curriculum that comprises Three Pillars: Self-Directed Education, Research Assistance & Instruction, and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences.
Symbolic of our timeless mission, this Time Capsule is a collection of three containers, all part of a 75-year plan:
To connect our past, present, and future, HCLS appointed 136 Howard County middle students to serve as Guardians. On October 24, 2015, they pledged to champion the HCLS legacy, keeping it safe for the next 25 years.
October 27, 2040 – The Class of 2015 will reconvene to pass on the role of Guardian to the next generation (Class of 2040). Together, the two generations will open and reseal the 2015 container, then fill the 2040 container.
October 24, 2065 – The Class of 2040 will gather to pass on the role of Guardian to the Class of 2065. Together, they will open and re-seal the 2015 and 2040 containers, then fill the 2065 container.
October 21, 2090 – The Class of 2065 will gather on the occasion of Howard County Library System’s sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary to open the Time Capsule.
Dedicated this 24th day of October, 2015 to the always forward-looking citizens of Howard County, MD.
At the Elizabeth Board of Education meeting of May 10 at Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28, Taneka Bowles presented Elizabeth Public Schools with a very generous donation of $25,000 on behalf of Taneka and Todd Bowles for Elizabeth’s Special Olympics program. This marks the fourth straight year the Bowles family has supported the district’s Special Olympics program, raising the total to $100,000 in donations.
The evening also took on a multicultural theme as the Board recognized the Cuban, Haitian, and Portuguese heritages.
In honor of Cuban heritage, Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Kindergarten students performed “Mambo numero 8” by Damaso Perez and “Mi Tierra” by Gloria Estefan and community members Julio Sabater, Miguel Socarras, and Marita De Varona were recognized for their outstanding contributions to the community.
In honor of Haitian heritage, John E. Dwyer Technology Academy student Kerline Francois performed a lyrical solo to "Human" Written by Christine Perry and the Dwyer Technology Academy Haitian Club was recognized for its commitment to promoting the beauty of the Haitian culture through educational and social opportunities available within the school environment.
In honor of Portuguese heritage, Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy students Karina Almeida and Tiago Matos performed “Vira do Minho”, Danca E Cantares De Portugal from the Portuguese Instructive Social Club performed a Portuguese folklore dance, Portuguese world language teachers were recognized for their outstanding efforts to instill the passion of the Portuguese culture into our students, and the Elizabeth Portugal Day Pageant 2018-2019 Royal Family was recognized for their contributions to the Elizabeth community.
Juan Pablo Duarte - José Julián Martí School No. 28 Principal Evelyn Rodriguez-Salcedo presented to the Board the approach she has taken to be able to address various issues that resulted in School No. 28 being designated a Focus School by the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE). In April 2012, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s administration announced the final list of Priority, Focus, and Reward Schools as part of its new statewide accountability system, which included 183 Focus Schools. A Focus School is a school that has room for improvement in areas that are specific to the school. As part of the process, Focus Schools receive targeted and tailored solutions to meet the school’s unique needs. The types of Focus schools include those with low graduation rates, largest within-school gaps, and lowest subgroup performance.
As a result of this approach by Rodriguez-Salcedo and the team members of School No. 28, the NJDOE has announced that School No. 28 will be exiting Focus School status in June 2018.
During the meeting, the Board celebrated and recognized excellent achievements of members of the Elizabeth Public Schools Professional Learning Community and the greater Elizabeth community.
HCLS Chapters-of-Our-Lives Time Capsule installed in a beautiful circular bench in the lobby at HCLS Central Branch in Columbia, Maryland. A plaque displayed on the site that reads:
Within this bench rests a Time Capsule that captures the essence of Howard County Library System (HCLS) in 2015, our 75th Anniversary.
Its contents reflect our unwavering heritage as a 20th and 21st century educational institution with a mission to deliver equal opportunity in education for everyone through a curriculum that comprises Three Pillars: Self-Directed Education, Research Assistance & Instruction, and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences.
Symbolic of our timeless mission, this Time Capsule is a collection of three containers, all part of a 75-year plan:
To connect our past, present, and future, HCLS appointed 136 Howard County middle students to serve as Guardians. On October 24, 2015, they pledged to champion the HCLS legacy, keeping it safe for the next 25 years.
October 27, 2040 – The Class of 2015 will reconvene to pass on the role of Guardian to the next generation (Class of 2040). Together, the two generations will open and reseal the 2015 container, then fill the 2040 container.
October 24, 2065 – The Class of 2040 will gather to pass on the role of Guardian to the Class of 2065. Together, they will open and re-seal the 2015 and 2040 containers, then fill the 2065 container.
October 21, 2090 – The Class of 2065 will gather on the occasion of Howard County Library System’s sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary to open the Time Capsule.
Dedicated this 24th day of October, 2015 to the always forward-looking citizens of Howard County, MD.
Masonic Square and Compasses:
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest.”
The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. It is not a secret society, since all members are free to acknowledge their membership and will do so in response to enquiries for respectable reasons. Its constitutions and rules are available to the public. There is no secret about any of its aims and principles. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members. In history there have been times and places where promoting equality, freedom of thought or liberty of conscience was dangerous. Most importantly though is a question of perspective. Each aspect of the craft has a meaning. Freemasonry has been described as a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. Such characteristics as virtue, honour and mercy, such virtues as temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice are empty clichés and hollow words unless presented within an ordered and closed framework. The lessons are not secret but the presentation is kept private to promote a clearer understanding in good time. It is also possible to view Masonic secrecy not as secrecy in and of itself, but rather as a symbol of privacy and discretion. By not revealing Masonic secrets, or acknowledging the many published exposures, freemasons demonstrate that they are men of discretion, worthy of confidences, and that they place a high value on their word and bond.
Masonic Square and Compasses.
The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind".
However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
Square and Compasses:
Source: Mackey's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
These two symbols have been so long and so universally combined — to teach us, as says an early instruction, "to square our actions and to keep them within due bounds," they are so seldom seen apart, but are so kept together, either as two Great Lights, or as a jewel worn once by the Master of the Lodge, now by the Past Master—that they have come at last to be recognized as the proper badge of a Master Mason, just as the Triple Tau is of a Royal Arch Mason or the Passion Cross of a Knight Templar.
So universally has this symbol been recognized, even by the profane world, as the peculiar characteristic of Freemasonry, that it has recently been made in the United States the subject of a legal decision. A manufacturer of flour having made, in 1873, an application to the Patent Office for permission to adopt the Square and Compasses as a trade-mark, the Commissioner of Patents, .J. M. Thatcher, refused the permission as the mark was a Masonic symbol.
If this emblem were something other than precisely what it is—either less known", less significant, or fully and universally understood—all this might readily be admitted. But, Considering its peculiar character and relation to the public, an anomalous question is presented. There can be no doubt that this device, so commonly worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance, universally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not, is not material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic organization, it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular symbol—perhaps the best known of all—of its ordinary signification, wherever displaced, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise.
It will be universally understood, or misunderstood, as having a Masonic significance; and, therefore, as a trade-mark, must constantly work deception. Nothing could be more mischievous than to create as a monopoly, and uphold by the poser of lacy anything so calculated. as applied to purposes of trade. to be misinterpreted, to mislead all classes, and to constantly foster suggestions of mystery in affairs of business (see Infringing upon Freemasonry, also Imitative Societies, and Clandestine).
In a religious work by John Davies, entitled Summa Totalis, or All in All and the Same Forever, printed in 1607, we find an allusion to the Square and Compasses by a profane in a really Masonic sense. The author, who proposes to describe mystically the form of the Deity, says in his dedication:
Yet I this forme of formelesse Deity,
Drewe by the Squire and Compasse of our Creed.
In Masonic symbolism the Square and Compasses refer to the Freemason's duty to the Craft and to himself; hence it is properly a symbol of brotherhood, and there significantly adopted as the badge or token of the Fraternity.
Berage, in his work on the higher Degrees, Les plus secrets Mystéres des Hauts Grades, or The Most Secret Mysteries of the High Grades, gives a new interpretation to the symbol. He says: "The Square and the Compasses represent the union of the Old and New Testaments. None of the high Degrees recognize this interpretation, although their symbolism of the two implements differs somewhat from that of Symbolic Freemasonry.
The Square is with them peculiarly appropriated to the lower Degrees, as founded on the Operative Art; while the Compasses, as an implement of higher character and uses, is attributed to the Decrees, which claim to have a more elevated and philosophical foundation. Thus they speak of the initiate, when he passes from the Blue Lodge to the Lodge of Perfection, as 'passing from the Square to the Compasses,' to indicate a progressive elevation in his studies. Yet even in the high Degrees, the square and compasses combined retain their primitive signification as a symbol of brotherhood and as a badge of the Order."
Square and Compass:
Source: The Builder October 1916
By Bro. B. C. Ward, Iowa
Worshipful Master and Brethren: Let us behold the glorious beauty that lies hidden beneath the symbolism of the Square and Compass; and first as to the Square. Geometry, the first and noblest of the sciences, is the basis on which the superstructure of Masonry has been erected. As you know, the word "Geometry" is derived from two Greek words which mean "to measure the earth," so that Geometry originated in measurement; and in those early days, when land first began to be measured, the Square, being a right angle, was the instrument used, so that in time the Square began to symbolize the Earth. And later it began to symbolize, Masonically, the earthly-in man, that is man's lower nature, and still later it began to symbolize man's duty in his earthly relations, or his moral obligations to his Fellowmen. The symbolism of the Square is as ancient as the Pyramids. The Egyptians used it in building the Pyramids. The base of every pyramid is a perfect square, and to the Egyptians the Square was their highest and most sacred emblem. Even the Chinese many, many centuries ago used the Square to represent Good, and Confucius in his writings speaks of the Square to represent a Just man.
As Masons we have adopted the 47th Problem of Euclid as the rule by which to determine or prove a perfect Square. Many of us remember with what interest we solved that problem in our school days. The Square has become our most significant Emblem. It rests upon the open Bible on this altar; it is one of the three great Lights; and it is the chief ornament of the Worshipful Master. There is a good reason why this distinction has been conferred upon the Square. There can be nothing truer than a perfect Square--a right angle. Hence the Square has become an emblem of Perfection.
Now a few words as to the Compass: Astronomy was the second great science promulgated among men. In the process of Man's evolution there came a time when he began to look up to the stars and wonder at the vaulted Heavens above him. When he began to study the stars, he found that the Square was not adapted to the measurement of the Heavens. He must have circular measure; he needed to draw a circle from a central point, and so the Compass was employed. By the use of the Compass man began to study the starry Heavens, and as the Square primarily symbolized the Earth, the Compass began to symbolize the Heavens, the celestial canopy, the study of which has led men to think of God, and adore Him as the Supreme Architect of the Universe. In later times the Compass began to symbolize the spiritual or higher nature of man, and it is a significant fact that the circumference of a circle, which is a line without end, has become an emblem of Eternity and symbolizes Divinity; so the Compass, and the circle drawn by the Compass, both point men Heavenward and Godward.
The Masonic teaching concerning the two points of the Compass is very interesting and instructive. The novitiate in Masonry, as he kneels at this altar, and asks for Light sees the Square, which symbolizes his lower nature, he may well note the position of the Compass. As he takes another step, and asks for more Light, the position of the Compass is changed somewhat, symbolizing that his spiritual nature can, in some measure, overcome his evil tendencies. As he takes another step in Masonry, and asks for further Light, and hears the significant words, "and God said let there be Light, and there was Light," he sees the Compass in new light; and for the first time he sees the meaning, thus unmistakably alluding to the sacred and eternal truth that as the Heavens are higher than the Earth, so the spiritual is higher than the material, and the spiritual in man must have its proper place, and should be above his lower nature, and dominate all his thoughts and actions. That eminent Philosopher, Edmund Burke, once said, "It is ordained that men of intemperate passions cannot be free. Their passions forge the chains which bind them, and make them slaves." Burke was right. Masonry, through the beautiful symbolism of the Compass, tells us how we can be free men, by permitting the spiritual within us to overcome our evil tendencies, and dominate all our thoughts and actions. Brethren, sometimes in the silent quiet hour, as we think of this conflict between our lower and higher natures, we sometimes say in the words of another, "Show me the way and let me bravely climb to where all conflicts with the flesh shall cease. Show me that way. Show me the way up to a higher plane where my body shall be servant of my Soul. Show me that way."
Brethren, if that prayer expresses desire of our hearts, let us take heed to the beautiful teachings of the Compass, which silently and persistently tells each one of us,
"You should not in the valley stay
While the great horizons stretch away
The very cliffs that wall you round
Are ladders up to higher ground.
And Heaven draws near as you ascend,
The Breeze invites, the Stars befriend.
All things are beckoning to the Best,
Then climb toward God and find sweet Rest."