incubators photos on Flickr

The Atlas moth (Attacus atlas) is a large saturniid moth found in the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia, and is common across the Malay archipelago.[1]

Atlas moths are considered the largest moths in the world[2] in terms of total wing surface area, reaching upwards of c. 400 cm2 (62 sq in). Their wingspans are also amongst the largest, reaching over 25 cm (10 in). Females are appreciably larger and heavier.

Atlas moths are said to be named after either the Titan of Greek mythology, or their map-like wing patterns. In Hong Kong the Cantonese name translates as "snake's head moth", referring to the apical extension of the forewing, which bears a more than passing resemblance to a snake's head.[3]

Japan only has the A. a. ryukyuensis subspecies which is native to the Yaeyama Islands, principally Yonaguni, and as such is called the Yonaguni-san (ヨナグニサン《与那国蚕》?, "Yonaguni silkworm"). It is said to be the inspiration for Mothra.[4]

The largest lepidopteran in terms of wingspan is thought to be the White Witch, Thysania agrippina. A record specimen of Attacus atlas from Java measured 262 mm, while Thysania are claimed to be about 270–280 mm (11 in). Based on some spread specimens and angle of wing, actual measurements of around 289 mm have been estimated.[5]

In India, Atlas moths are cultivated for their silk in a non-commercial capacity; unlike that produced by the related Silkworm moth (Bombyx mori), Atlas moth silk is secreted as broken strands. This brown, wool-like silk is thought to have greater durability and is known as fagara.[6]

Atlas moth cocoons have been employed as purses in Taiwan.

Contents

1 Description

2 Similar taxa

3 Life cycle

3.1 Attraction

3.2 Larva

3.3 Pupa

4 Habitat

5 References

6 External links

Description

Atlas moths are predominantly tawny to maroon in color with roughly triangular, diaphanous "windows"[7] on both forewing and hindwing, bordered in black. The purpose of these dramatic, gossamer portals is not clear, but they are thought to play a role in predator avoidance. J. Patrick Malone first pointed out that the Atlas moth is the only insect species to successfully mimic a predatory reptile as a means of defense, as demonstrated by the image of a snake at the upper most distal aspects of their wings.[8]

Such a large insect would typically represent excellent prey, but the image of one or two snakes waving back and forth, poised for a strike, likely dissuades many predators.[7]

The Atlas moth body is covered in a chitin-based hair, more properly called seta (pl. setae) and are stiff enough to be an irritant to skin and mucosal tissues of some animals.[7]

Their length is disproportionately short, compared to wing structure, but their stout middle and third segment, or mesothorax and metathorax respectively, provides the internal dimensions necessary for flight muscle attachment and coordination.[8]

Patterns and coloration vary among the many described subspecies. Male Atlas moths are distinguished from females by their smaller size, more tapered wings, and larger, bushier antennae.

As with other members of the family Saturniidae, neither gender possess fully formed mouth parts and adults therefore do not feed; throughout their 1–2-week adult life they survive entirely on larval fat reserves that they build up while they are caterpillars.[9]

Similar taxa

Rothschildia aurota, Neotropical relative of the Atlas moth

Close relatives and often mistaken for Atlas moths, members of the genus Rothschildia are the New World counterparts to the Old World genus Attacus.

Very similar in appearance, Rothschildia aurota is one of the largest members of its genus and a close Neotropical relative of the Asian Atlas moth.

Life cycle

Holometabolism

EggsCaterpillarPupaImago emerging from PupaFully Grown

Attraction

Females are sexually passive, releasing powerful pheromones which males detect and home in on with the help of chemoreceptors located on their large feathery antennae. Males may thus be attracted from several kilometres downwind.[10] Atlas moths are unsteady fliers, and the female does not stray far from the location of her discarded chrysalis: she seeks a perch where the air currents will best carry her pheromones.

Larva

Once mated, the female lays a number of spherical eggs 2.5 mm in diameter on the undersides of leaves. Dusty-green caterpillars hatch after about two weeks and feed voraciously on the foliage of certain citrus and other evergreen trees.[11] The caterpillars are adorned with fleshy spines along their backs which are covered in a waxy white substance.

Pupa[edit source

After reaching a length of about 115 millimetres (4.5 in), the caterpillars pupate within papery cocoon interwoven into desiccated leaves. The adult moths emerge after about four weeks.

Habitat on Mount Kinabalu

Habitat[edit source | editbeta]

The habitat is primary Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and shrublands but secondary forest is also utilized

.

References

Stamp featuring atlas moth

^ Holloway, J.D. (1987). The Moths of Borneo, part 3: Lasiocampidae, Eupteroptidae,

Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae. Southdene Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur

^ Watson, A. & Whalley, P.E.S. (1983). The Dictionary of Butterflies and Moths in colour. Peerage Books, London, England. ISBN 0-907408-62-1

^ Yiu, V. (2006). Insecta Hongkongica. Hong Kong Discovery. Kowloon, Hong Kong. 655pp. ISBN 988-97173-9-5

^ Yoda, Hiroko (2013-01-14). "Okinawa: Which island is for you? | CNN Travel" . Travel.cnn.com. Retrieved 2013-06-08.

^ Hugo Kons, Jr. (1998-05-17). "Chapter 32 — Largest Lepidopteran Wing Span" . Book of Insect Records. University of Florida.

^ Jolly, M.S., Sen, S.K., Sonwalkar, T.N. & Prasad, G.S. (1979). Non-mulberry silks. Food & Agriculture Organisation. United Nations, Serv. Bull. 29. Rome. xvii + 178pp

^ a b c Malone, J. P. (2011). The Biology of Lepidopterans. Atlas moth presentation at the Oregon Zoo. www.oregonzoo.org/

^ a b Malone, J. P. (1996). The Biology of Attacus Atlas: The Direct Musculature of Lepidopteran Flight. Beta Beta Beta Biological Honors Society, Western State College, Gunnison, Colorado.

^ Peigler, R. (1989). A revision of the Indo-Australian genus Attacus. The Lepidoptera Research Foundation, Inc., Beverly Hills, California, U.S.A. ISBN 9611465-2-7

^ Shepherd, G.M. (1994). "Chemical Senses". In Neurobiology 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press

^ Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W. & Hernández, L.M. (2001). Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region. Southdene Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur & The Natural History Museum, London. 744 pp. ISBN 983-40053-3-4

IMG_7739 - Version 2

<Incubator> by Adriene Hughes

6 11

the sharp knife of a short life. HDR of Linda Vista Hosptial, East L.A. I was working on a project there and couldn't resist shooting at least ONE HDR image!

Newborn baby boy covered in vertix inside incubator by Amber Nuyts

Newborn baby boy covered in vertix inside incubator

Canada's Incubators 063 by Canadian Club Toronto

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08 Drosophila melanogaster in Incubator by Image Editor

3 1

Drosophila melanogaster in an incubator

Fly City - each tube houses several hundred flies of a particular genotype. The incubator keeps them at their favourite temperature of 25 degrees C.

Credit: Dr. Paul Whitington, Whitington Lab at The University of Melbourne

Used in the article "The humble fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster — An Introduction" on SciTechLab blog.

Bioponica Incubator by David Epstein, D.O.

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growing, algae, duckweed, bioreaction, clarification, hydroponic fertilizer, organic, fertilizer, deep water culture, raft, zooplankton, bioponica, algosolar, trough, pipes, vertical farming, sustainable, bioreactor, biofilter, clarifier, aquaculture, tilapia, guppies, crawfish, barramundi, red claw, spirulina, ebb and flow, deep water, nft,

DIGITAL MAGICS: BUSINESS INCUBATOR PER SOSTENERE LE STARTUP INNOVATIVE DEL TRIVENETO by Info.Fvg.it

ift.tt/29Q5YAJ

Digital Magics, business incubator quotato sul mercato AIM Italia di Borsa Italiana (simbolo: DM), apre a Padova la sua quinta sede per sostenere le startup digitali del Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige e Friuli Venezia Giulia. Digital Magics Triveneto è all’interno di Talent Garden Padova, il campus di coworking per i professionisti del digitale.

Il Triveneto è da sempre un territorio ad alto tasso di innovazione e oggi conta 791 startup innovative (191 in Trentino Alto Adige, 146 in Friuli Venezia Giulia e 454 in Veneto) e 24 PMI innovative (1 in Trentino Alto Adige, 12 in Friuli Venezia Giulia e 11 in Veneto).

Tra le prime dieci province italiane per percentuale di startup sul totale quattro appartengono al Triveneto. Trento è in testa (1,27% per 123 startup) tallonata da Trieste (2° posto, 1,21% per 48 startup). Seguono, più staccate, Bolzano al 7° posto (0,63% e 50 startup) e Pordenone al 10° (0,61% e 35 startup).

Il nuovo incubatore è stato presentato in Via Croce Rossa 36 da Gianni Potti, partner di Digital Magics Triveneto, Alberto Fioravanti, fondatore e presidente esecutivo di Digital Magics, Marco Gay, vicepresidente di Digital Magics e presidente dei Giovani Imprenditori di Confindustria, Gabriele Ronchini, fondatore e amministratore delegato di Digital Magics per il portfolio development, Rosario Rizzuto, Magnifico Rettore dell’Università di Padova, Roberto Marcato, Assessore allo Sviluppo Economico ed Energia della Regione Veneto e Pietro del Fabbro, Presidente di Friulia. Ha moderato l’evento Enrico Pagliarini, giornalista di Radio 24.

“Digital Magics Triveneto è la nostra quinta sede, dopo Milano, Napoli, Palermo e Roma – ha dichiarato Gabriele Ronchini, fondatore e amministratore delegato di Digital Magics per il portfolio development – La prossima sarà a Bari per Puglia e Basilicata. Con le nostre sedi vogliamo coprire oltre il 70% del mercato delle startup in Italia. Continuiamo a costruire, con Talent Garden e Tamburi Investment Partners, la più grande piattaforma dell’innovazione per il Digital Made In Italy. Partendo dai territori, come il Triveneto, Digital Magics vuole lanciare 100 startup innovative digitali e aprire 50 nuovi campus Talent Garden in Italia e in Europa. TIP favorirà ulteriori investimenti nelle startup e nello sviluppo di programmi di Open Innovation delle migliori aziende italiane”.

“Da veneto sono molto orgoglioso e felice dell’apertura di Digital Magics sul nostro territorio – dichiara Gianni Potti, partner di Digital Magics Triveneto – Vogliamo valorizzare un patrimonio di oltre 800 startup e PMI innovative in Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige e Friuli Venezia Giulia, che corrisponde al 13,2% del settore dell’innovazione italiana. Abbiamo già iniziato a incontrare molte neoimprese digitali per accelerare la loro crescita con i nostri servizi di incubazione e dopo l’Estate, insieme a Talent Garden Padova, ci trasferiremo in una nuova sede ancora più grande per sostenere ancora di più i talenti digitali. Digital Magics Triveneto si rivolge anche all’industria manifatturiera e a tutte le aziende locali, che rappresentano il fulcro dell’economia del nostro territorio. Dopo Nice, vogliamo lanciare altri programmi di ‘Open Innovation’ per innovare i processi, prodotti e servizi delle imprese eccellenti del Triveneto, grazie alle startup”.

“Costruire direttamente nel territorio ricco di imprenditorialità, con partner autorevoli e capaci – ha affermato Marco Gay, vicepresidente di Digital Magics e Presidente dei Giovani Imprenditori di Confindustria – rappresenta per Digital Magics l’opportunità di intercettare le capacità di creare innovazione dai grandi talenti del Triveneto per creare valore e visione di futuro. Inoltre la possibilità di far incontrare, con programmi di ‘Open Innovation’ dedicati, la qualità e l’eccellenza delle PMI del Triveneto con la potenza innovativa e digitale delle startup, ci aiuterà a navigare saldi l’oceano blu del Digital Made in Italy”.

L’obiettivo di Digital Magics Triveneto insieme a Talent Garden Padova è quello di lanciare ogni anno startup innovative, creare network locali di investitori per sostenere neoimprese digitali, organizzare eventi, iniziative e incontri di business per coinvolgere tutti gli operatori della filiera del territorio.

Il Veneto è la quarta regione d’Italia per numero di startup innovative e rappresenta 7,6% del totale nazionale. Nella classifica italiana Trentino Alto Adige e Friuli Venezia Giulia sono più distanziate e si classificano rispettivamente all’11° (3,2% del totale) e 13° posto (2,4%). Dati che confermano, dunque, come ci siano ampi margini di crescita per le startup nel Triveneto.

Analizzando le tipologie di startup e PMI innovative emerge che in Triveneto il settore dei servizi è quello più rappresentato (457 aziende), seguito da industria e artigianato (193 aziende). Meno rappresentati i settori del commercio (26 imprese), turismo (4 imprese) e agricoltura-pesca (2 imprese). La produzione di software, consulenza informatica e attività connesse è l’attività più sviluppata (178 startup), seguita da ricerca scientifica e sviluppo (112 startup) e attività dei servizi d’informazione e altri servizi (54 startup).

Tabella – Startup innovative in Italia

Regione

Numero di startup

Percentuale di startup

Lombardia

1299

21,7%

Emilia Romagna

708

11,8%

Lazio

602

10,1%

Veneto

454

7,6%

Piemonte

387

6,5%

Campania

373

6,2%

Toscana

333

5,6%

Sicilia

279

4,7%

Marche

284

4,7%

Puglia

225

3,8%

Trentino Alto Adige

191

3,2%

Sardegna

155

2,6%

Friuli Venezia Giulia

146

2,4%

Abruzzo

139

2,3%

Calabria

137

2,3%

Liguria

101

1,7%

Umbria

92

1,5%

Basilicata

46

0,8%

Molise

21

0,4%

Valle d’Aosta

11

0,2%

Italia

5983

100%

Fonte: InfoCamere

29 Visite totali, 29 visite odierne

L'articolo DIGITAL MAGICS: BUSINESS INCUBATOR PER SOSTENERE LE STARTUP INNOVATIVE DEL TRIVENETO sembra essere il primo su Info FVG - News e Comunicati Stampa dal Friuli.

Egg incubator by Justin Waits

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Incubator by J.G. Park

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Great Barrier Reef Display by Queensland State Archives

1

IID 435811 Islands Barrier Reef IM0169 Misc Dept No.A4110

Image source: Queensland State Archives Item ID ITM435811 Islands - Barrier Reef

Google is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence,[9] and consumer electronics. It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world"[10] and one of the world's most valuable brands due to its market dominance, data collection, and technological advantages in the area of artificial intelligence.[11][12][13] Its parent company Alphabet is considered one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Amazon, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft.

Google was founded on September 4, 1998, by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were PhD students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14% of its publicly listed shares and control 56% of the stockholder voting power through super-voting stock. The company went public via an initial public offering (IPO) in 2004. In 2015, Google was reorganized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. Google is Alphabet's largest subsidiary and is a holding company for Alphabet's Internet properties and interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google on October 24, 2015, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet. On December 3, 2019, Pichai also became the CEO of Alphabet.[14]

The company has since rapidly grown to offer a multitude of products and services beyond Google Search, many of which hold dominant market positions. These products address a wide range of use cases, including email (Gmail), navigation (Waze & Maps), cloud computing (Cloud), web browsing (Chrome), video sharing (YouTube), productivity (Workspace), operating systems (Android), cloud storage (Drive), language translation (Translate), photo storage (Photos), video calling (Meet), smart home (Nest), smartphones (Pixel), wearable technology (Pixel Watch & Fitbit), music streaming (YouTube Music), video on demand (YouTube TV), artificial intelligence (Google Assistant), machine learning APIs (TensorFlow), AI chips (TPU), and more. Discontinued Google products include gaming (Stadia), Glass,[citation needed] Google+, Reader, Play Music, Nexus, Hangouts, and Inbox by Gmail.[15][16]

Google's other ventures outside of Internet services and consumer electronics include quantum computing (Sycamore), self-driving cars (Waymo, formerly the Google Self-Driving Car Project), smart cities (Sidewalk Labs), and transformer models (Google Brain).[17]

Google and YouTube are the two most visited websites worldwide followed by Facebook and Twitter. Google is also the largest search engine, mapping and navigation application, email provider, office suite, video sharing platform, photo and cloud storage provider, mobile operating system, web browser, ML framework, and AI virtual assistant provider in the world as measured by market share. On the list of most valuable brands, Google is ranked second by Forbes[18] and fourth by Interbrand.[19] It has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns, tax avoidance, censorship, search neutrality, antitrust and abuse of its monopoly position.

In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California,[52] which is home to several prominent Silicon Valley technology start-ups.[53] The next year, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine.[54][22] To maintain an uncluttered page design, advertisements were solely text-based.[55] In June 2000, it was announced that Google would become the default search engine provider for Yahoo!, one of the most popular websites at the time, replacing Inktomi.

In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office complex from Silicon Graphics, at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.[59] The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.[60] By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "google" to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as: "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet".[61][62] The first use of the verb on television appeared in an October 2002 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.[63]

Additionally, in 2001 Google's investors felt the need to have a strong internal management, and they agreed to hire Eric Schmidt as the chairman and CEO of Google.[49] Eric was proposed by John Doerr from Kleiner Perkins. He had been trying to find a CEO that Sergey and Larry would accept for several months, but they rejected several candidates because they wanted to retain control over the company. Michael Moritz from Sequoia Capital at one point even menaced requesting Google to immediately pay back Sequoia's $12.5m investment if they did not fulfill their promise to hire a chief executive office, which had been made verbally during investment negotiations. Eric wasn't initially enthusiastic about joining Google either, as the company's full potential hadn't yet been widely recognized at the time, and as he was occupied with his responsibilities at Novell where he was CEO. As part of him joining, Eric agreed to buy $1 million of Google preferred stocks as a way to show his commitment and to provide funds Google needed.

Google generates most of its revenues from advertising. This includes sales of apps, purchases made in-app, digital content products on Google and YouTube, Android and licensing and service fees, including fees received for Google Cloud offerings. Forty-six percent of this profit was from clicks (cost per clicks), amounting to US$109,652 million in 2017. This includes three principal methods, namely AdMob, AdSense (such as AdSense for Content, AdSense for Search, etc.) and DoubleClick AdExchange.

In addition to its own algorithms for understanding search requests, Google uses technology its acquisition of DoubleClick, to project user interest and target advertising to the search context and the user history.

In 2007, Google launched "AdSense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.

Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page. Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Google Ads allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through a cost-per-click scheme.[138] The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked.[139] One of the criticisms of this program is the possibility of click fraud, which occurs when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claimed that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were fraudulent or invalid.[140] Google Search Console (rebranded from Google Webmaster Tools in May 2015) allows webmasters to check the sitemap, crawl rate, and for security issues of their websites, as well as optimize their website's visibility.

Consumer services

Web-based services

Google offers Gmail for email, Google Calendar for time-management and scheduling, Google Maps for mapping, navigation and satellite imagery, Google Drive for cloud storage of files, Google Docs, Sheets and Slides for productivity, Google Photos for photo storage and sharing, Google Keep for note-taking, Google Translate for language translation, YouTube for video viewing and sharing, Google My Business for managing public business information, and Duo for social interaction. In March 2019, Google unveiled a cloud gaming service named Stadia. A job search product has also existed since before 2017, Google for Jobs is an enhanced search feature that aggregates listings from job boards and career sites.

Some Google services are not web-based. Google Earth, launched in 2005, allowed users to see high-definition satellite pictures from all over the world for free through a client software downloaded to their computers.

Software

Google develops the Android mobile operating system, as well as its smartwatch, television, car, and Internet of things-enabled smart devices variations.

It also develops the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, an operating system based on Chrome.

Hardware

In January 2010, Google released Nexus One, the first Android phone under its own brand. It spawned a number of phones and tablets under the "Nexus" branding until its eventual discontinuation in 2016, replaced by a new brand called Pixel.

In 2011, the Chromebook was introduced, which runs on Chrome OS.

In July 2013, Google introduced the Chromecast dongle, which allows users to stream content from their smartphones to televisions.

In June 2014, Google announced Google Cardboard, a simple cardboard viewer that lets user place their smartphone in a special front compartment to view virtual reality (VR) media.

Other hardware products include:

•Nest, a series of voice assistant smart speakers that can answer voice queries, play music, find information from apps (calendar, weather etc.), and control third-party smart home appliances (users can tell it to turn on the lights, for example). The Google Nest line includes the original Google Home (later succeeded by the Nest Audio), the Google Home Mini (later succeeded by the Nest Mini, the Google Home Max, the Google Home Hub (later rebranded as the Nest Hub), and the Nest Hub Max.

•Nest Wifi (originally Google Wifi), a connected set of Wi-Fi routers to simplify and extend coverage of home Wi-Fi.

Enterprise services

Google Workspace (formerly G Suite until October 2020) is a monthly subscription offering for organizations and businesses to get access to a collection of Google's services, including Gmail, Google Drive and Google Docs, Google Sheets and Google Slides, with additional administrative tools, unique domain names, and 24/7 support.

On September 24, 2012, Google launched Google for Entrepreneurs, a largely not-for-profit business incubator providing startups with co-working spaces known as Campuses, with assistance to startup founders that may include workshops, conferences, and mentorships. Presently, there are seven Campus locations: Berlin, London, Madrid, Seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and Warsaw.

On March 15, 2016, Google announced the introduction of Google Analytics 360 Suite, "a set of integrated data and marketing analytics products, designed specifically for the needs of enterprise-class marketers" which can be integrated with BigQuery on the Google Cloud Platform. Among other things, the suite is designed to help "enterprise class marketers" "see the complete customer journey", generate "useful insights", and "deliver engaging experiences to the right people". Jack Marshall of The Wall Street Journal wrote that the suite competes with existing marketing cloud offerings by companies including Adobe, Oracle, Salesforce, and IBM.

Internet services

In February 2010, Google announced the Google Fiber project, with experimental plans to build an ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customers in one or more American cities.[178][179] Following Google's corporate restructure to make Alphabet Inc. its parent company, Google Fiber was moved to Alphabet's Access division.[180][181]

In April 2015, Google announced Project Fi, a mobile virtual network operator, that combines Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different telecommunication providers in an effort to enable seamless connectivity and fast Internet signal.

Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, its name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students. Membership was initially limited to Harvard students, gradually expanding to other North American universities and, since 2006, anyone over 13 years old. As of July 2022, Facebook claimed 2.93 billion monthly active users,[6] and ranked third worldwide among the most visited websites as of July 2022.[7] It was the most downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.[8]

Facebook can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity, such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. After registering, users can create a profile revealing information about themselves. They can post text, photos and multimedia which are shared with any other users who have agreed to be their "friend" or, with different privacy settings, publicly. Users can also communicate directly with each other with Facebook Messenger, join common-interest groups, and receive notifications on the activities of their Facebook friends and the pages they follow.

The subject of numerous controversies, Facebook has often been criticized over issues such as user privacy (as with the Cambridge Analytica data scandal), political manipulation (as with the 2016 U.S. elections) and mass surveillance.[9] Posts originating from the Facebook page of Breitbart News, a media organization previously affiliated with Cambridge Analytica,[10] are currently among the most widely shared political content on Facebook.[11][12][13][14][15] Facebook has also been subject to criticism over psychological effects such as addiction and low self-esteem, and various controversies over content such as fake news, conspiracy theories, copyright infringement, and hate speech.

Zuckerberg built a website called "Facemash" in 2003 while attending Harvard University. The site was comparable to Hot or Not and used "photos compiled from the online face books of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the "hotter" person". Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours. The site was sent to several campus group listservs, but was shut down a few days later by Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged with breaching security, violating copyrights and violating individual privacy. Ultimately, the charges were dropped. Zuckerberg expanded on this project that semester by creating a social study tool. He uploaded art images, each accompanied by a comments section, to a website he shared with his classmates.

A "face book" is a student directory featuring photos and personal information. In 2003, Harvard had only a paper version[ along with private online directories. Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson, "Everyone's been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard. ... I think it's kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week."[29] In January 2004, Zuckerberg coded a new website, known as "TheFacebook", inspired by a Crimson editorial about Facemash, stating, "It is clear that the technology needed to create a centralized Website is readily available ... the benefits are many." Zuckerberg met with Harvard student Eduardo Saverin, and each of them agreed to invest $1,000 ($1,435 in 2021 dollars[30]) in the site.[31] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "TheFacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.

Six days after the site launched, Harvard seniors Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing that he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com. They claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to the Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation. They later sued Zuckerberg, settling in 2008 for 1.2 million shares (worth $300 million ($354 million in 2021 dollars[30]) at Facebook's IPO).

Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College. Within a month, more than half the undergraduates had registered.[36] Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, and Chris Hughes joined Zuckerberg to help manage the growth of the website.[37] In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Columbia, Stanford and Yale.[38] It then became available to all Ivy League colleges, Boston University, NYU, MIT, and successively most universities in the United States and Canada.

In mid-2004, Napster co-founder and entrepreneur Sean Parker—an informal advisor to Zuckerberg—became company president.[41] In June 2004, the company moved to Palo Alto, California.[42] It received its first investment later that month from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel. In 2005, the company dropped "the" from its name after purchasing the domain name Facebook.com for US$200,000 ($277,492 in 2021 dollars). The domain had belonged to AboutFace Corporation.

In May 2005, Accel Partners invested $12.7 million ($17.6 million in 2021 dollars) in Facebook, and Jim Breyer added $1 million ($1.39 million in 2021 dollars) of his own money. A high-school version of the site launched in September 2005. Eligibility expanded to include employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.

Facebook was sued by the Federal Trade Commission as well as a coalition of several states for illegal monopolization and antitrust. The FTC and states sought the courts to force Facebook to sell its subsidiaries WhatsApp and Instagram.[183][184] The suits were dismissed by a federal judge on June 28, 2021, who stated that there was not enough evidence brought in the suit to determine Facebook to be a monopoly at this point, though allowed the FTC to amend its case to include additional evidence. In its amended filings in August 2021, the FTC asserted that Facebook had been a monopoly in the area of personal social networks since 2011, distinguishing Facebook's activities from social media services like TikTok that broadcast content without necessarily limiting that message to intended recipients.

In response to the proposed bill in the Australian Parliament for a News Media Bargaining Code, on February 17, 2021, Facebook blocked Australian users from sharing or viewing news content on its platform, as well as pages of some government, community, union, charity, political, and emergency services.[187] The Australian government strongly criticised the move, saying it demonstrated the "immense market power of these digital social giants".

On February 22, Facebook said it reached an agreement with the Australian government that would see news returning to Australian users in the coming days. As part of this agreement, Facebook and Google can avoid the News Media Bargaining Code adopted on February 25 if they "reach a commercial bargain with a news business outside the Code".

Facebook has been accused of removing and shadow banning content that spoke either in favor of protesting Indian farmers or against Narendra Modi's government. India-based employees of Facebook are at risk of arrest.

On February 27, 2021, Facebook announced Facebook BARS app for rappers.

On June 29, 2021, Facebook announced Bulletin, a platform for independent writers.[197][198] Unlike competitors such as Substack, Facebook would not take a cut of subscription fees of writers using that platform upon its launch, like Malcolm Gladwell and Mitch Albom. According to The Washington Post technology writer Will Oremus, the move was criticized by those who viewed it as an tactic intended by Facebook to force those competitors out of business.

In October 2021, owner Facebook, Inc. changed its company name to Meta Platforms, Inc., or simply "Meta", as it shifts its focus to building the "metaverse". This change does not affect the name of the Facebook social networking service itself, instead being similar to the creation of Alphabet as Google's parent company in 2015.

In November 2021, Facebook stated it would stop targeting ads based on data related to health, race, ethnicity, political beliefs, religion and sexual orientation. The change will occur in January and will affect all apps owned by Meta Platforms.

In February 2022, Facebook's daily active users dropped for the first time in its 18-year history. According to Facebook's parent Meta, DAUs dropped to 1.929 billion in the three months ending in December, down from 1.930 billion the previous quarter. Furthermore, the company warned that revenue growth would slow due to competition from TikTok and YouTube, as well as advertisers cutting back on spending.

Analysts predict a "death spiral" for facebook stock as users leave while ad impressions increase, as the company chases revenue.

On March 10, 2022, Facebook announced that it will temporarily ease rules to allow violent speech against 'Russian invaders'. Russia then banned all Meta services, including Instagram.

White Castle

Harold and Kumar aren't the only loyal customers who keep coming back to White Castle for some of those iconic sliders, and now, there is even an Impossible Slider on the menu.

Boston Market

From the rotisserie chickens to the delectable mac and cheese, Boston Market is always a great stop for a hearty meal. Here are The Best & Worst Menu Items at Boston Market.

Papa John's

Papa John's is always boasting about its better ingredients, and it seems like there are plenty of customers who continue to order these pizzas.

Little Caesars

"Pizza, pizza" has plenty of loyal fans, thanks to the "cheap and fast" vibe of the food. Speaking of pizza, do you know what the most popular pizza topping is in your state?

Starbucks

Starbucks has gathered a reputation for being the go-to place when you're in the mood for a pumpkin coffee drink once fall rolls around. And with their decadent Frappuccinos, there are plenty of sweet treats for non-coffee drinkers, too.

Quizno's

Quizno's offers up classic sandwiches, and who can resist the fresh pepper bar?

Five Guys

While Five Guys has some top-notch burgers and fries, this is a spot for peanut lovers, too. You can munch on peanuts that are available all over the restaurants while you order your meal.

Cold Stone Creamery

This ice cream shop serves up cold customized treats for whatever your heart desires, so it's basically a dream come true, right?

Sonic

Sometimes, you just want one of Sonic's frozen drinks and a burger to go along with it. Yum!

Burger King

While it may not be the most popular dining brand in the country, the King is still a top choice for many. Those Whoppers are still as tasty as ever, especially if you go for the Impossible Whopper.

Want to chow down on more juicy hamburgers? Here's where you can get The Absolute Best Burger in Every State.

KFC

The Colonel is still going strong! Who doesn't want to eat their chicken right out of a bucket?

A&W Restaurants

Yes, the root beer chain sells food! Here are The Best & Worst Menu Items at A&W.

Mrs. Fields

Those giant chocolate chip cookies that just call your name as you're walking by? They are a staple of all Mrs. Fields locations, so we don't blame you for having one now and then.

Subway

People surveyed described this sandwich shop as a "good value for money." If you're a Subway fan, you're not alone! Headed to Subway? Here's Every Subway Sandwich—Ranked for Nutrition!

McDonald's

Are you still McLovin' it? You might've expected Mickey D's to claim a spot closer to the top, but those golden fries and Big Macs seem to have some more competition.

Domino's

Domino's is hailed by fans for being well-made and a good value. With wings and yummy chocolate lava cakes to go alongside a pizza, Domino's is simply beloved.

Popeyes

Plenty of loyal Popeyes fans eat there on the reg, and we know the chicken sandwich was truly worth all the hype.

Panera

From its house-made lemonade to that tasty mac and cheese to those fresh-baked bagels, Panera has it all. No wonder it ranked so highly on YouGov's list!

Taco Bell

This taco joint rings its loyal customers' bells for being "everywhere and good quality." By the way, You'll Never Guess What Taco Bell Uses to Season Its Beef.

Chick-fil-A

Although loyal customers can't satisfy their fried chicken cravings on Sunday, Chick-fil-A still is a top spot to go when you're in the mood for a chicken sandwich and some waffle fries.

Pizza Hut

With a plethora of crusts, cheesy toppings, and grilled veggies to choose from, it's no surprise pizza lovers keep coming back to the Hut.

Arby's

For all the meat-lovers out there, Arby's is your place, especially if you're a fan of their staple, roast beef sandwiches.

Dunkin'

America actually does run on Dunkin', doesn't it? Those Munchkins are rather irresistible.

Cinnabon

No mall trip is ever done without a pit stop at Cinnabon for a warm, gooey, perfectly sticky cinnamon bun.

Wendy's

Ranking higher than McDonald's and Burger King is the beloved redhead! The real question is, which flavor Frosty do you get: chocolate or vanilla?

Krispy Kreme

From the affordably priced cups of caffeine to the hot-out-the-oven classic glazed doughnuts, it's easy to see why Krispy Kreme has such a devoted following.

Baskin-Robbins

Craving ice cream? Baskin Robbins comes in the first-place spot. And they have so many delicious scoop flavors!

Dairy Queen

Majority rules! Customers raved that the fast-food chain is "good quality," "never gets old," and is a "good value for money." That sounds like a winning combo to us! DQ even sold more than 175 million Blizzards the first year they introduced them in 1985—who knew?

Homemade Incubator by Eddie Griffiths

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Homemade Incubator

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Old Trusty Incubators by Don O'Brien

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December 1925 Country Gentleman

Bio-incubator Reflections by Tony Kemplen

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This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 4, Nos. 1-4, 1910 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 4, Nos. 1-4, 1910

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1910

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface v

Special articles 1

Chronic nonsuppurative osteoplastic periostitis of traumatic origin, by

George Pickrell and L. M. Schmidt 1

Shooting glasses for riflemen, by E. S. Bogert, jr 11

Suggestions on taking finger prints, by John D. Hall 17

Meat poisoning in the navy, by L. W. Curtis 23

Runner's cramp, a peculiar occupation neurosis, by L. M. Schmidt 25

Venereal prophylaxis, by W. J. Zalesky 28

Medical conditions in the Fiji Islands, by K. A. Bachman 30

Suggested devices 39

Construction of an improvised incubator, by F. G. Abeken and R.

Cuthbertson 39

A gall-bladder dressing, by H. L. Call 40

Clinical notes 43

Report of a typhoid carrier, by C. S. Butler 43

Report of two cases of the variola form of syphilis, by F. M. Furlong

44

Notes on cases treated by vaccines, by M. H. Simons 46

Heat exhaustion on the U. S. S. California, by E. G. Parker 48

A case of gunshot injury of the kneejoint, by Raymond Spear 49

An operation for ectropion, by Raymond Spear 50

Report of a case of amoebiasis. by A. E. Peck 51

Report of a case of acute perforative gangrenous appendicitis, by J. B.

Dennis and A. C. Stanley 54

Case of Vincent's angina, by L. C. Whiteside 56

Two cases of opthalmia gonorrhea, by R. R. Richardson 57

Current comment 59

Venereal prophylaxis 59

Health records for the naval personnel 59

Hygiene exhibitions 61

A few notes on malingering, by F. M. Furlong 62

Perfected routine of dosage, etc., in the treatment of tuberculosis by

the administration of mercury, by B. L. Wright 66

Progress in medical sciences 69

Laboratory —A new method for the clinical estimation of total nitrogen

in urine, feces or other organic materials; a clinical modification of the

Folin-Schaffer method for the estimation of uric acid in the urine 69

Reviews: A simple method of estimating the amount of sugar in diabetic

urine; a modification of the Esbach method for estimation of albumin in the

urine: a new albuminometer; a new, simple method

of sugar estimation in the urine by the glucosometer; on the

application of the deviation of complement test in the detection of albuminous

substances in the urine; the clinical determination of amido acids in the

urine, O. J. Mink and E. W. Brown 74

Chemistry and pharmacy —Uber das Aconitin der japaniechen

Aconitknollen; the influence of certain drugs upon the toxicity of acetanilide and

antipyrine; the effect of work on the creatine content of muscle; the

pharmacological assay of the heart tonics; the estimation and quantitative

significance of hydrochloric acid in the gastric contents; the action of

digestive ferments upon each other, P. J. Waldner and C. Schaffer 76

Pathology and bacteriology —Antityphoid vaccines with attenuated live cultures;

outbreak of food poisoning after a Christmas dinner; on the use of certain new

chemical tests in the diagnosis of general paralysis and tabes; the occurrence

of acetonuria following ether anesthesia; the treatment of gonocoecus

infections by vaccines; concerning the mechanism of the aero-reaction of syphilis;

investigation of blood for tubercle bacilli; on subcutaneous and ophthalmal

tuberculin reaction in lepers;

the diagnosis of syphilis by some laboratory methods; cancer in man and

animals; relation of the spiroclneta pallida to general paralysis; influenzal

meningitis; htemolysis in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms; the Wasserman

reaction in leprosy, 0. J. Mink and F. M. Shook 79

Medical zoology — The development of the miracidium of paragonimus under

various physical conditions; studies on protozoan parasites in sea fishes; two

interesting bilharzial conditions; hookworms and the death rate; filariasis of

the spermatic cord; the reaction of the white blood cells to the presence of

tenia in the intestine of man, R. C. Holcomb and P. E. Garrison 85

Tropical medicine — The relapsing fever of Panama; studies upon

leprosy; antiplague measures in California; histoplasmosis; blackwater fever, C.

S. Butler 90

Hygiene and sanitation —The processes for the disinfection of dwellings

with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate, the amounts of gaseous

formaldehyde given out in each and their practical significance; comparative

investigations on the practical values of certain methods of disinfection with

formaldehyde w ithout the employment of any apparatuses; fly-borne enteric

fever—the source of infection; tuberculosis in Japan; the destruction of

mosquitoes by the French in West Africa by the "trous-pieges; " the

cruiser Alger in the Far East, H.G. Beyer and F. L. Pleadwell 95

Surgery —The use of silver wire in opening the kidney; fractures of the

radial shaft, rotation deformity (occurrence and diagnosis), and aluminum

plates; an ovarian abscess containing a lumbricoid worm; surgery of the stomach, C. F. Stokes and K.

Spear 106

General medicine— The obliteration of the craving for narcotics, the arylarsenate

treatment of syphilis—its probable future effects in the services; a new

treatment of locomotor ataxia; " traitement a vide" of enteric fever;

on the relation between alcoholism and tuberculosis; the treatment of amoebic

dysentery, T. W. Kichards 110

Reports and letters 117

Report on the American Public Health Association, by F. L. Pleadwell..

117

Report on the Sixteenth International Congress of Medicine, Budapest, August-September,

1909, by J. C. Wise 128

Report on the camp of instruction, Antietam, Md., 1909, by M. S.

Elliott. 130

Number 2

Preface v

Special articles 135

The commissary department in naval hospitals, by P. A. Lovering 135

The presence of the lepra bacillus in the circulating blood, by G. B.

Crow. 143

Preliminary report of the finding of hookworm in American Samoa, by P.

S. Rossiter 145

The prevention of venereal diseases in the navy, by Raymond Spear 146

The rational treatment of arteriosclerosis, by C. H. T. Lowndes 150

Treatment of syphilis at Hot Springs, Ark., by W. S. Hoen 154

Suggested devices 159

A portable sanitary scuttle-butt, by E. G. Parker 159

Suggestions for diet kitchen equipment, by Stephen Wierzbieki 161

Notes on colonic anesthesia, by W. S. Pugh, jr 163

Clinical notes 167

Clinical notes from the United States Naval Hospital, Mare Island,

Cal., by U. R. Webb 167

Surgical cases from the U. S. S. Tacoma, by W. S. Pugh, jr 171

Osteomyelitis following fracture, by B. F. Jenness 180

A case of appendicostomy, by Raymond Spear 182

Report of three cases from the U. S. S. Relief, by A. W. Dunbar 184

A case of Landry's paralysis, by H. L. Kelley and J. A. Randall 185

Heat exhaustion on the U. S. S. Colorado, by J. T. Kennedy 187

Two cases of mild heat exhaustion on the U. S. S. Charleston, by Oliver

Diehl 189

Bolo wound involving the brain, by C. F. Ely 190

A case of goundou with coexisting leontiasis, by I. S. K. Reeves 191

Severe rupial eruption appearing as one of the first symptoms and the only

eruption in a case of secondary syphilis, by R. R. Richardson 192

Operations for suppurative ear disease, by R. W. McDowell 193

Notes of two surgical cases, by H. C. Curl 194

Note on cases of fever at Pichilinque Bay, Mexico, by J. L. Neilson 194

A case of neurosis hysteroides, by E. C. White 195

Varix of both superficial epigastric veins, by R. R. Richardson 196

Current comment , 197

Reports of surgical operations 197

The early diagnosis of syphilis and its importance from a service stand

point, by O. J. Mink 197

A few timely comments on clothing, by H. G. Beyer 200

The importance of eliminating the cocaine habitue from the personnel of

the U. S. Navy and Marine Corps, by W. D. Owens 204

Injuries from football at the Naval Academy, by C. E. Riggs 205

Muscular spasms in men exposed to high temperatures, by M. E. Higgins.

207

Notes on sanitation at Port Royal, S. C, by R. E. Riggs 208

Reports on venereal prophylaxis, by W. S. Pugh, jr., W. A. Angwin, N.

T. McLean, J. M. Edgar, J. S. Taylor, and F. G. Abeken 211

Are dead typhoid cultures of value for use on board ship in Widal'a

reaction, by C. S. Butler 222

Progress in medical sciences 225

Laboratory — The Noguchi test for syphilis; a concentration method for

tubercle bacilli; a simple method of preparing sugar broth media; a simple

method of preparing Bang's solution. Reviews: The diagnosis of syphilis by some

laboratory methods, by O. J. Mink and E. W. Brown. 225

Chemistry and pharmacy — Der jetzige stand der physiologischen

digitalisprfifung, ihr wert fiir die praxis und fur die forschung; the

administration of drugs with regard to absorption and elimination; relative

physiological activity of some commercial solutions of epinephrin; influence of

hydrogen peroxide on hydrochloric acid secretion; the value of alimentary

levulosuria in the diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis; oxaluria and treatment of

calcium oxalate deposit from the urine; E. R. Noves and P. J. Waldner 230

Pathology and bacteriology — Bacillus of acne; some observations on the

study of intestinal bacteria; the presence of tubercle bacilli in the

circulating blood in clinical and experimental tuberculosis; the viability of

the tubercle bacillus; the pathology of pellagra; pellagra; the Wasserman

reaction in pellagra; Zur theorie der Wassermanischer reaktion; the

pathological relationships of gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma; O. J. Mink

and F. M. Shook 235

Medical zoology — A study of the development of Sehittosomum japonicum;

relation between the Schistosoma japonicum and the endemic "Kabure,"

report of the study on the invading route of the Schistoimma japonicum into the

human body; acute trichiniasis without initial eosinophilia; reports of the

twenty-first expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine at

Jamaica; malaria; a ease of amoebic enteritis with uncinaria, trichocephalus

and trichomonads, showing results of treatment after four years; the

development of trypanosoma gambiense in glossina palpalis; Paragonomiasis or

parasitic hemoptysis, report of an imported case in California; Kala-Azar in

Madras, especially with regard to its connection with the dog and with the bug

(Conorrhinua); medical survey of the town of Taytay; P. E. Garrison 242

Tropical medicine —Typhus fever; intoxication by fish in China; note on

plague infection in a wood rat; the significance of sleeping sickness for our

colonies; weitere untersuchungen iiber das Pappataci fieber; C. S. Butler 248

Hygiene and sanitation— Untersuchungen fiber den vorgangder

selbstreinigung, ausgefuhrt am wasser des Giesner Volksbades; fiber den prozess

der selbstreinignng der naturlichen wasser nach ihrer kfinstlichen infizierung

durch bakterien; la ventilation pendant le combat; report of Bureau of Health

for the Philippine Islands, third quarter, 1909; a contribution to our knowledge

of the spread of typhoid through bacillus carriers; what may be done to improve

the hygiene of the city dweller; oral prophylaxis; fievre typhoide et eau

distilh'e a bord du " Bouvet;" a general German fencing tournament,

held on the 3d and 4th December at Dresden; report of the International Opium

Commission, Shanghai, China; H. G. Beyer and F. L. Pleadwell 253

Surgery— Resection of the colon for cancer and tuberculosis; serum

treatment of purulent processes; thoracic surgery; the technique of amputations

with especial reference to osteplastic methods; the routine examination of the

oesophagus; the treatment of acute otitic meningitis; a method of splinting

skin grafts; vaccine treatment of pyorrhea alveolaris; R. Spear and H. W. Smith

261

General medicine — Normal auscultatory differences between the sides of

the chest; two signs of diagnostic value, one in chololithiasis, the other in

incipient pulmonary tuberculosis; the diaphragm test for binocular vision; T.

W. Richards 273

Reports and letters 279

Reports on the care of wounded, Bluefields, Nicaragua, by W. S. Pugh,

jr., L. H. Wheeler, and D. G. Sutton 279

Report on physical training at the United States Naval Academy, by W.

N. McDonell 287

Number 3

Preface vi

Special articles 291

The illumination of study rooms, being a report submitted to the

superintendent of the Naval Academy, on the present system of lighting the

midshipmen's quarters in Bancroft Hall, with recommendations for its

improvement, by A. L. Parsons and II. W. Smith 291

The surgical aspects of filariasis, by C. F. Stokes 318

Venereal prophylaxis on the Asiatic Station, by Oliver Diehl 325

Dried blood serum, a substitute for fresh blood serum in the rapid

preparation of Loeffler's medium, by E. W. Brown 337

U.S. Naval Medical School laboratories 339

The need for a pathological collection at the United States Naval

Medical School, by C. S. Butler 339

Helminthological technique, by P. E. Garrison 345

Demonstration of treponema pallidum, by F. M. Shook 355

Preliminary report on a proposed method for the volumetric estimation

of mercury, by J. R. Herbig 356

Suggested devices 357

An "unlearnable " vision test card for use in the naval

service, by E. J. Grow 357

A suggested bunk tray, by G. F. Freeman 362

Clinical notes 365

Report of two cases of cerebro-spinal fever, by J. B. Kaufman 365

Acute ear diseases following swimming, by L. M. Schmidt 368

Direct transfusion of blood in a case of shock and hemorrhage, by R. B.

Williams 372

A case of liver abscess demonstrating the value of a differential count

in diagnosis, by E. R. Stitt 376

Five cases of cholera at naval station, Cavite, P. I., by H. L. Kelley

377

The Hagner operation, report of five cases, by L. W. Johnson 378

Clinical notes from Naval Hospital, Norfolk, Va., by E. O. J. Eytinge

380

Fracture of epiphysis of os calcis by muscular contraction, by Raymond

Spear 383

A case of fracture of the base of the skull, by Raymond Spear 383

A case of heavy hymenolepis nana infection, with a note as to

treatment, by E. R. Stitt and D. G. Allen 384

Report of 12 cases of beriberi, by J. A. Randall 385

Carron oil in the treatment of otitis media suppurativa (acuta), by R.

E. Riggs 386

Pericarditis associated with impetigo herpetiformis (?) followed by

grave systematic disturbance and interesting pathological lesions, by H. L.

Kelley 387

Blastomycotic lesions in a case of syphilis, by E. R. Stitt and S. L.

Higgins. 388

Current comment 391

Results of venereal prophylaxis not likely to be apparent in general

statistics of 1909 391

Typhoid vaccination 391

International military medical statistics 393

Varicocele and the public- services 394

Importance of ophthalmoscopy at recruiting stations, by J. A. Murphy

395

Progress in medical sciences 399

Chemistry and pharmacy — Rapid chemical filtration compared to slow sand

filtration; the question of the so-called physiological albuminuria; a

contribution to Hang's method for estimation of sugar; the estimation of

ammonia and acidity in the urine and their clinical application; thymol an a

source of error in Heller's test for urinary protein; physiological effects of

high temperature and humidity; direct identification of acetone in urine; the

pancreas reaction of Cammidge; rapid detection of boric acid in butter and

milk. E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner 399

Pathology and bacteriology — Changes in the pancreas in diabetes; the

Cammidge reaction; acute pancreatitis and urinary findings; the specific treatment

of carcinoma; concentration method for tubercle bacilli; ueber die nach Ziehl

nicht darstellbare form des tuberkelbazillus; nachweis bedeutung der

tuberkelbazillen in stroemendem pthisikerblut; ueber die granulare form des

tuberculosevirus im lungenauswurf ; the cultivation of the leprosy bacillus;

ueber den nachweis von indol in den bakterischeu kulturen mit der Ehrlichschen

methode; the relation of the pseudo-diphtheria and the diphtheria bacillus; the

influence of age and temperature upon the potency of anti-diphtheritic serum and

antitoxin globulin solution; the value of opsonic determinations in the

discovery of typhoid carriers; the distribution of bacteria in bottled milk and

certain controlling factors; are acid-fast bacteria other

than the tubercle bacillus commonly met in clinical laboratory work; acid-fast

organisms in waters; the treatment of infection of the urinary tract with

bicterial vaccines; the B. fecalia alkaligines pathogenic for

man; treatment of typhoid carriers; a preliminary inquiry into the prevalence

of paratyphoid fever in London, with remarks on blood culture in 48 cases of

enteric fever, O. J. Mink and F. M. Shook 403

Medical zoology —Guinea worm in domesticated animals, with a note of its

discovery in a leopard; the effect of mosquito larvae upon drinking water; the

existence of living creatures in the stomach as a cause of chronic dyspepsia; a

study of the anatomy of Watsonius (n. g.), watsoni of man and of 19 allied

species of mammalian trematode worms of the superfamily paramphistomoidea, P.

E. Garrison 415

Tropical medicine- Yaws as a cause of chronic ulceration; on the nature

and origin of Calabar swellings; two cases of balantidium infection with autopsy,

C. S. Butler 418

Hygiene and sanitation — Die handedesinfektion bei typhus-

bazillentragern; vorkommen und bedeutung der streptokokken in der milch; the

control of scarlet fever; a note on squirrel fleas as plague carriers; the communications

of diarrhea from the sick, to the healthy; summer diarrhea and enteric fever;

rapport d'inspection generale de l'escadre du nord; H. G. Beyer and F. L.

Pleadwell 421

Surgery — Terminal arterial anesthesia; varicocele, an analysis of 403

cases; the method of respiration by intratracheal insufflation, its scientific principle

and its practical availability in medicine and surgery; avoidance of apparatus

complicating operation in thoracic surgery; experimental intrathoracic surgery

by the Meltzer and Auer method of intratracheal insufflation; the value of

continuous intratracheal insufflation of air (Meltzer) in thoracic surgery; the

treatment of diffuse progressive free peritonitis; ueber carbenzyn; carbenzym

bei tuberkulosen affektionen; ueber die dosierung der stauungshyperamie; the

after-results of the operative treatment of hemorrhoids; some experiments on

the relative susceptibility of different teeth to dental caries, R. Spear and

H. W. Smith. 438

General medicine — Review of current progress in medicine; the adequacy

of the present-day treatment of syphilitic diseases of the nervous system; Syphilis

and parasyphilis of the nervous system; la reazione di Wassermann nelle

malattie cutanee; treatment of syphilis by intramuscular injection of metallic

mercury; on the treatment of tetanus by the intraspinal injection of a solution

of magnesium sulphate, with cases; hospital infection of tuberculosis; current

conceptions of hysteria; an acute infectious disease of unknown origin; A. W.

Dunbar and T. W. Richards 447

Reports and letters 457

Report on U. S. Pharmacopceial Convention, 1910, by P. J. Waldner 457

Number 4

Preface v

Special articles 459

Insanity in the navy, by Heber Butts 469

Notes on the presence and prevalence of Xecator americanus in Samoa, by

P. S. Rossiter 476

Problems of sanitation in landing and expeditionary service in tropical

and subtropical regions, translation by P. J. Waldner 479

United States Naval Medical School laboratories 499

Helminthological technique, by P. E. Garrison 499

Suggested devices 513

An improvised incubator for ships, by L. W. McGuire 513

An efficient rat-killing device for use on board ship, by F. M. Munson

514

Clinical notes 515

A case of atypic typhoid, with sudden death, by E. R. Stitt 515

A case of excision of the clavicle, by Raymond Spear 518

Appendicular abscess; rupture into peritoneal cavity; operation and

recovery, by A. D. McLean 517

Case of suppurative appendicitis, by C. W. Smith 519

Meningitis of primary origin (pneumococcus), by E. R. Stitt 529

A case of metastatic pneumonia complicating tonsillitis, by W. A.

Angwin. 521

Report of a case of acute yellow atrophy of liver, by E. R. Stitt and

D. A. Gregory 522

A case clinically resembling rhinopharyngitis mutilans, by E. R. Stitt

524

External urethrotomy without a guide, by E. G. Parker 524

Note on the possible existence of both Agchylostoma duodenale and

Necator americarms at Guam, by E. R. Stitt 525

Current comment 527

New order for appointment of medical officers in the navy 527

New naval health record 527

Diphtheria prophylaxis 529

Peculiar advantages of local anaesthesia in ordinary hernia operations

in the naval service, by H. C. Curl 539

Progress in medical sciences 533

Chemistry and pharmacy — An experimental and clinical study of the

functional activity of the kidneys by means of phenolsulphonephthalein; the

biological standardization of drugs; the detection of methyl alcohol,

especially in the presence of ethyl alcohol; a simple method for the rapid and

accurate determination of the alcoholic content of fluids; a method for

determining the alkalinity of the blood; contributions to clinical methods for

urinary analysis; a method for the estimation of nitrogen in the urine; a method

for the direct test for acetone in the urine; a study of Nylander's reaction;

the so-called Cammidge test; the occurrence of and a clinical test for soluble

protein in the feces; a test of pancreatic function, E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge

533

Pathology and bacteriology — Anaphylaxis and its relation to clinical

medicine; on the preparation of a simple culture medium; the cultivation of the

tubercle bacilli directly from the sputum by means of antiformin; the hospital

laboratory with special reference to diagnosis in surgical cases; the

cerebro-spinal fluid, O. J. Mink and F. M. Shook 545

Medical zoology — Helminthic infection and its relation to

eosinophilia: the ant as a destroyer of flies; amebic dysentery in New York;

the Gastrodiscus hominis in the Philippines; note on the presence of Bilharzia

haematobia in Egyptian mummies of the twentieth dynasty (1250-1000 B. C). P- E-

Garrison 551

Tropical medicine— Transmission of pest without rate and without fleas;

the etiology of beriberi; beriberi-Forschungen in den Niederlandisch

ostindischen Kolonien, besonders in Bezug aul" Prophylaxis und Heilung;

the work of the board for the study of tropical diseases in the Philippines, C.

S. Butler 552

Hygiene and sanitation — Explosions-gase und ihre Wirkung auf den Menchen;

Eine von Bazillentragern hervorgerufene Typhus-epidemie in der X V. Division

von Japan; the sputum of typhoid fever patients as a possible source of

infection; Ueber die Beurteilung des Colibakterienbefundes in Trinkwasser nebst

Bemerkungen iiber den Xachweis und das Vorkommen der Colibazillen; quantitative

investigations on the absorption of benzol from the air by animal and man:

studies on the absorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons from the air by animals

and man; on the absorption of hydrochloric acid vapors by animals during

prolonged experiments; hygiene in the French navy, H. G. Beyer and F. L.

Pleadwell

558

Surgery— On the experimental surgery of the thoracic aorta and the

heart; clinical experiences with intratracheal insufflation (Meltzer) with remarks

upon value of the method for thoracic surgery; the surgical management of

urethral stricture and its complications; Hunterian lecture on the surgery of

the lymphatic system: a tourniquet for the control of hemorrhage from the scalp

during osteoplastic resection of the skull; a further contribution on the

sterilization of the skin of operative areas; note on the neuropathology

cytology of anemia, infections, Grave's disease, and surgical shock; the

treatment of post-operative adhesions; an improved method of preparing catgut

ligatures; observations on the condition of the mouth in 1,000 consecutive

cases of chronic disease, R. Spear and E. Thompson 567

General medicine — The clinical aspects of arteriosclerosis;

trichinosis, a clinical study of fifty-two sporadic cases; some further

investigations and observations upon the pathology of rheumatic fever; etiology

of chronic arthritis; Grave's disease, A. VV. Dunbar and T. W. Richards.. 578

Prospectus of United States Naval Medical School, Washington, D. C 585

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Grantham Soldiers' Settlement Estate - Grantham Stud Poultry Farm, incubator house by Museums of History NSW - State Archives Collection

2 2

Title: Grantham Soldiers' Settlement Estate - Grantham Stud Poultry Farm, incubator house

Dated: 31/12/1921

Digital ID: 8095_a016_a016000026

Rights: www.records.nsw.gov.au/about-us/rights-and-permissions

We'd love to hear from you if you use our photos/documents.

Many other photos in our collection are available to view and browse on our website using Photo Investigator.

Incubator by nosha

4 10

Better view: B l a c k M a g i c

April 2010

Hopewell Township, New Jersey, USA

You can also view my photostream with Flickr Hive Mind

Sweater Incubator by Travis Williams

13 2

In a yard in Sequim, WA.

Autoclave Incubator XeMo9 by DoodleBug.Ink

4

Innovation Lab by Regis University

1

Innovation Lab by Regis University

Microbiological incubator by Joe Rubin

Incubator containing a variety of microbiological tests and media.

Triplets in Incubator by Mike Blyth

3 2

ECWA Evangel Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Seven playing around on my hand by Jon Hollister

1

I think Seven may be a boy just like TARDIS. I know sex isn't supposed to be knowable until month six but I see little hemipenes - not really visible in this video though. Again that pisses me off because I incubated for all females and I hate having to split males out to prevent more eggs from being laid - the males' lives are less enriched without other geckos around.

When I say I incubated for females I mean that I set the incubator at a specific temperature. You see, geckos don't have sex chromosomes to determine anatomical gender like people do.

Instead, leopard gecko sex is determined by temperature. 80 to 83 degrees Fahrenheit makes 99% females, 87 to 90 degrees makes 99% males, and above 90 degrees will either kill the egg or produce a "hot female". A hot female is aggressive and breeds poorly, and is more likely to have health issues.

In between 83 and 87 degrees Fahrenheit you get a mix of females and males proportional to how high the temp is in that range. Closer to 82 makes more females, closer to 87 more males.

I incubated all the geckos save TARDIS between 82 and 82.5 degrees, so I expected all females. Unfortunately TARDIS hatched before my professional incubator arrived, and while the DIY incubator that TARDIS was in for the first week claimed to be at 82, it may have actually been hotter, explaining why TARDIS is looking like she will actually be a male. I put TARDIS in the professional incubator as soon as it arrived but it may have been too late as sex determination is made by temperature within the first two to three weeks - one of which TARDIS spent in my DIY incubator.

But all the others were incubated in a pulse proportional thermostat controlled incubator, in my case the Zoo Med Reptibator (cannot recommend highly enough!). And so I should be getting all females from the Reptibator eggs! It looks like it's just my luck to get the one male out of a hundred born even when incubated for females between 80 and 83.

So sad...

Dnamo Incubator Opening Day by Oriol Pascual

Dnamo is a new incubator in Rotterdam for innovative people that need support to start up a successful busness in sustainability. At Dnamo is all about sustainable entrepreneurship!

My relationship with Dnamo starts as business developer (from idea to business plan ;) and currently as pre-incubation manager and member of the management team.

Dnamo, officially opened its doors on 29th October 2009. The honors were by Dutch Minister of Environment (VROM) Jacqueline Cramer.

www.dnamo.nl

008: Baby Toes by Devin Pickrell

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My friend's baby was premature. They had the blue light on in the incubator when I went to see her to protect her from Jaundice. She's healthy now. :]

Winter, beginning of 2011

a baby is born by Dustman

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He is very healthy, weighting 3.72kg

incubator Apr 15 by Jonathan Wallace

Premie in incubator by Mike Blyth

2 1

ECWA Evangel Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Four Corners by Boxman Studios

Incubator pop up shops

Incubator-9128 by graibeard

1

Incubator, starting to incubate 12 Wynadotte bantam eggs. 6 white on the left, 6 partridge coloured on the right

More at the myfolia journal.

Industrial-Incubators by Christian Boss

7 1

These are two spez refining in a abandoned cardboard mill.

Establishing a Successful Business Startup by Tribe Space

1

A business incubator for tech startup in Vancouver is a hazard however it generally gives another open door as well.

Baby Rupert in Incubator by Danielle

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During these times of economic stress, animal shelters around the world are having difficulty raising money to care for unwanted, or injured animals. Please take time to support charities around the world working on POSITIVE change for ANIMALS!

img-3097 by César Rincón

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Incubator Award 2012 by VC4Africa

The Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos), a leading Dutch organisation with a worldwide presence, and its partner organization Venture Capital for Africa (VC4Africa.biz), the leading Africa focused business community for entrepreneurs and investors, are pleased to announce CESACOPA the winner of 2012 Incubator Award.

CESACOPA is a coffee cooperative located in Amboim province, Angola. The main objective of the CESACOPA project is to increase coffee quality standards for export while at the same time making a clear contribution to the community e.g., employment generation and pollution abatement. The coffee is produced without use of chemicals or pesticides and the fertilizer used is organic. It is also noted that the project impacts some 6000 families as direct beneficiaries. Leo Soldaat, the Senior Advisor of Financial Services at Hivos, explained, ‘At Hivos, we stand for supporting entrepreneurial activities with important impact in the areas of poverty, climate change and food security. Our focus is on people living in rural areas and CESACOPA is an example of a promising initiative taking these challenges head on.’

This year’s African Finance and Investment Forum, held on the 18th of June at the Rabobank Headquarters in the Netherlands, gathered leading global representatives from a variety of sectors to highlight the financial tools, solutions and growing policy trends needed to ensure economic growth for Africa’s SMEs. The discussions and proposals highlighted at the forum are essential for a cross section of African sectors and look at concrete strategies needed to establish their full economic potential. The Rabobank Foundation, Centenary Bank, Global Development Cooperative, the World Bank, GIZ (German International Cooperation Organisation), FARA and the Shell Foundation are just a few of the organisations that attended the AFIF this year.

img-3027 by César Rincón

1 1

Canada's Incubators 090 by Canadian Club Toronto

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Incubator Award 2012 by VC4Africa

The Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos), a leading Dutch organisation with a worldwide presence, and its partner organization Venture Capital for Africa (VC4Africa.biz), the leading Africa focused business community for entrepreneurs and investors, are pleased to announce CESACOPA the winner of 2012 Incubator Award.

CESACOPA is a coffee cooperative located in Amboim province, Angola. The main objective of the CESACOPA project is to increase coffee quality standards for export while at the same time making a clear contribution to the community e.g., employment generation and pollution abatement. The coffee is produced without use of chemicals or pesticides and the fertilizer used is organic. It is also noted that the project impacts some 6000 families as direct beneficiaries. Leo Soldaat, the Senior Advisor of Financial Services at Hivos, explained, ‘At Hivos, we stand for supporting entrepreneurial activities with important impact in the areas of poverty, climate change and food security. Our focus is on people living in rural areas and CESACOPA is an example of a promising initiative taking these challenges head on.’

This year’s African Finance and Investment Forum, held on the 18th of June at the Rabobank Headquarters in the Netherlands, gathered leading global representatives from a variety of sectors to highlight the financial tools, solutions and growing policy trends needed to ensure economic growth for Africa’s SMEs. The discussions and proposals highlighted at the forum are essential for a cross section of African sectors and look at concrete strategies needed to establish their full economic potential. The Rabobank Foundation, Centenary Bank, Global Development Cooperative, the World Bank, GIZ (German International Cooperation Organisation), FARA and the Shell Foundation are just a few of the organisations that attended the AFIF this year.

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