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The Peace Memorial at night,
Hiroshima, Chugoku, Japan.
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Genbaku Dome, Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome, is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
The ruin of the Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Over 70.000 people were killed instantly, and another 70.000 suffered fatal injuries from the radiation.
The Genbaku Dome was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter. The building has undergone two minor preservation projects to stabilize the ruin, it still stands almost exactly as it did after the bombing in 1945.
-Wiki
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome, in Hiroshima, Japan, is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. The ruin serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Over 70,000 people were killed instantly, and another 70,000 suffered fatal injuries from the radiation.
The building was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
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As all the pictures in my gallery, this is a FREE picture. You can download it and do whatever you want with it: share it, adapt it and/or combine it with other material and distribute the resulting works.
I’d very much appreciate if you give photo credits to “Carlos ZGZ” when you use this picture. This would help me find it and add it to my photoset “Used elsewhere”.
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Como todas las imágenes de mi galería, esta es una imagen LIBRE. Puedes descargarla y hacer lo que quieras con ella: compartirla tal cual, modificarla y/o combinarla con otro material y distribuir el resultado.
Por favor, si utilizas esta imagen, dale el crédito a “Carlos ZGZ”. De esta manera podré encontrarla fácilmente y añadirla a mi álbum “Used elsewhere”.
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) is the only structure left standing near the hypocenter of the first atomic bomb which exploded on 6 August 1945, and it remains in the condition right after the explosion. Through the efforts of many people, including those of the city of Hiroshima, this ruin has been preserved in the same state as immediately after the bombing. Not only is it a stark and powerful symbol of the most destructive force ever created by humankind, it also expresses the hope for world peace and the ultimate elimination of all nuclear weapons. The inscribed property covers 0.40 ha in the urban centre of Hiroshima and consists of the surviving Genbaku Dome (“Genbaku” means atomic bomb in Japanese) within the ruins of the building. The 42.7 ha buffer zone that surrounds the property includes the Peace Memorial Park.
The most important meaning of the surviving structure of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial is in what it symbolizes, rather than just its aesthetic and architectural values. This silent structure is the skeletal form of the surviving remains of the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotional Hall (constructed in 1914). It symbolizes the tremendous destructive power, which humankind can invent on the one hand; on the other hand, it also reminds us of the hope for world permanent peace.
The Genbaku Dōmu (A-bomb dome), as the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Hiroshima heiwa kinenhi) is most commonly known, is the skeletal ruins of the former Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall.
The building, designed by Czech architect Jan Letzel was constructed in 1915 as a base for promoting the sale of goods produced in Hiroshima Prefecture. The government decided to stop using the hall for commercial purposes during the war, and it was used instead to house the branch office of the Chugoku Shikoku Public Works Office of the Internal Affairs Agency and the offices of the Hiroshima District Lumber and Japan Lumber Control Corporation.
The A-Bomb Dome is the building closest to the hypocenter, the point on the ground over which the atomic bomb exploded on 6 August 1945 at an altitude of approximately 600 meters, to remain at least partially standing. Everyone in the building was killed. The blast happened almost straight overhead, so some walls escaped total collapse. Along with the wire framework of the dome, these form the shape that has become a symbol.
The A-bomb Dome has undergone three preservation projects, since Hiroshima City decided in 1966 to preserve the A-bomb Dome indefinitely, as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. In 1996, the A-Bomb Dome was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as a historical witness that conveys the disaster of the first atomic bombing in history.
Also known as Hiroshima Peace memorial, this is one of the few buildings surviving the atomic blast. Standing 160m from the hypocenter it was destroyed in seconds.
Stands there to remind the world of the terrible consequences of atomic bombing.
More information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (広島平和記念碑, Hiroshima Heiwa Kinenhi), originally the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, and now commonly called the Genbaku Dome, Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome (原爆ドーム, Genbaku Dōmu), is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima, Japan and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
The building was the only structure that remained standing in the area around the atomic bombing of Hiroshima at the end of World War II. The ruin of the hall serves as a memorial to the over 140,000 people who were killed in the bombing. It is permanently kept in a state of preserved ruin as a reminder of the destructive effects of nuclear warfare.
The Product Exhibition Hall building was originally designed by Czech architect Jan Letzel. The design included a distinctive dome at the top of the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition (HMI). It was formally opened to the public in August that year. In 1921, the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall, and again, in 1933, to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall (広島県産業奨励館 Hiroshima-ken Sangyo Shourei-kan). The building was located in the large business district next to the Aioi Bridge and was primarily used for art and educational exhibitions.
During the Second World War, at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb to be used in war was dropped on Hiroshima. The bomb possessed a force equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT, and effectively obliterated the city. Hiroshima was chosen as a target because it was an important port on southern Honshu and was headquarters of the Japanese Second General Army with 40,000 military personnel in the city, and was the only large city that was not known to have a POW camp.[6] Intended for the Aioi Bridge, the bomb missed its target by 240 m (790 ft) and exploded directly over the Shima Hospital, which was very near to the Genbaku Dome. The center of the blast occurred 150 m (490 ft) horizontally and 600 m (2,000 ft) vertically from the Dome. Everyone inside the building was killed instantly.
Because the explosion was almost directly overhead, the building was able to retain its shape.The building's vertical columns were able to resist the nearly vertical downward force of the blast, and parts of the concrete and brick outer walls remained intact. The building's durability can also be attributed to its earthquake-resistant design; it has held up to earthquakes before and since the bombing.
Due to its stone and steel structure, the building was one of the few structures left standing near the bomb's hypocenter. Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed metal dome framework at its apex, the structure was scheduled to be demolished with the rest of the ruins, but the majority of the building was intact, delaying the demolition plans. The Dome became a subject of controversy, with some locals wanting it torn down, while others wanted to preserve it as a memorial of the bombing and a symbol of peace. Ultimately, when the reconstruction of Hiroshima began, the skeletal remains of the building were preserved.
From 1950 through 1964, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was established around the Dome. The Hiroshima City Council adopted a resolution in 1966 on the permanent preservation of the Genbaku Dome, officially named the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome). The Dome continues to be the park's primary landmark.
The Genbaku Dome stands almost exactly as it did after the bombing on August 6, 1945. Changes to the ruins, meant to ensure the stability of the structure, have been minimal. A metal frame was installed inside to give the ruin more stability.
(Source: Wikipedia)
The Product Exhibition Hall building was originally designed by the Czech architect Jan Letzel. The design included a distinctive dome at the highest part of the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition (HMI).[1] It was formally opened to the public in August that year. In 1921, the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall, and again, in 1933, to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall. The building was located in the large business district next to the Aioi Bridge and was primarily used for arts and educational exhibitions.[2]
The building was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter.[3] Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed metal dome framework at its apex, the structure was scheduled to be demolished with the rest of the ruins, but the majority of the building was intact, delaying the demolition plans. The Dome became a subject of controversy, with some locals wanting it torn down, while others wanted to preserve it as a memorial of the bombing and a symbol of peace.[4] Ultimately, when the reconstruction of Hiroshima began, the skeletal remains of the building were preserved.[3]
The Product Exhibition Hall building was originally designed by the Czech architect Jan Letzel. The design included a distinctive dome at the highest part of the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition (HMI).[1] It was formally opened to the public in August that year. In 1921, the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall, and again, in 1933, to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall. The building was located in the large business district next to the Aioi Bridge and was primarily used for arts and educational exhibitions.[2]
The building was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter.[3] Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed metal dome framework at its apex, the structure was scheduled to be demolished with the rest of the ruins, but the majority of the building was intact, delaying the demolition plans. The Dome became a subject of controversy, with some locals wanting it torn down, while others wanted to preserve it as a memorial of the bombing and a symbol of peace.[4] Ultimately, when the reconstruction of Hiroshima began, the skeletal remains of the building were preserved. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
At 8:15 a.m. on August 6 1945, Little Boy — the first atomic bomb to be used in war — was dropped by the United States Army Air Forces from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber. The force of the atomic bomb effectively obliterated the city of Hiroshima, Japan.[6]
On 25 July 1945, General Carl Spaatz, commander of the United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, received orders to deliver a "special bomb" attack on selected cities in Japan.[7] The first target city chosen was Hiroshima, which had an important port on southern Honshu and was headquarters of the Japanese Second General Army with 40,000 military personnel in the city.[7] The bomb was assembled in secret and loaded on the Enola Gay. It consisted of a uranium isotope 235 core shielded by hundreds of kilograms of lead. Little Boy possessed a force equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT. The plane dropped the bomb over the city at 8:15:17 a.m. local time on August 6 1945. Within 43 seconds of being dropped, the bomb detonated over the city and missed its target by 240 m (790 ft). Intended for the Aioi Bridge, the bomb instead exploded directly over the Shima Hospital, which was very near to the Genbaku Dome. Because the atomic bomb exploded almost directly overhead, the building was able to retain its shape.[8] The building's vertical columns were able to resist the nearly vertical downward force of the blast, and parts of the concrete and brick outer walls remained intact. The center of the blast was displaced 150 m (490 ft) horizontally and 600 m (2,000 ft) vertically from the Dome, having slightly missed the original target, the distinctive "T"-shaped Aioi Bridge. The Dome was 160 meters from the hypocenter of the atomic blast.[8] Everyone inside the building was killed instantly.[9][10]
At 8:15 a.m. on August 6 1945, Little Boy — the first atomic bomb to be used in war — was dropped by the United States Army Air Forces from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber. The force of the atomic bomb effectively obliterated the city of Hiroshima, Japan.[6]
On 25 July 1945, General Carl Spaatz, commander of the United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, received orders to deliver a "special bomb" attack on selected cities in Japan.[7] The first target city chosen was Hiroshima, which had an important port on southern Honshu and was headquarters of the Japanese Second General Army with 40,000 military personnel in the city.[7] The bomb was assembled in secret and loaded on the Enola Gay. It consisted of a uranium isotope 235 core shielded by hundreds of kilograms of lead. Little Boy possessed a force equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT. The plane dropped the bomb over the city at 8:15:17 a.m. local time on August 6 1945. Within 43 seconds of being dropped, the bomb detonated over the city and missed its target by 240 m (790 ft). Intended for the Aioi Bridge, the bomb instead exploded directly over the Shima Hospital, which was very near to the Genbaku Dome. Because the atomic bomb exploded almost directly overhead, the building was able to retain its shape.[8] The building's vertical columns were able to resist the nearly vertical downward force of the blast, and parts of the concrete and brick outer walls remained intact. The center of the blast was displaced 150 m (490 ft) horizontally and 600 m (2,000 ft) vertically from the Dome, having slightly missed the original target, the distinctive "T"-shaped Aioi Bridge. The Dome was 160 meters from the hypocenter of the atomic blast.[8] Everyone inside the building was killed instantly.Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
Excerpt from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Castle:
Hiroshima Castle (広島城, Hiroshima-jō), sometimes called Carp Castle (鯉城, Rijō), is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan that was the residence of the daimyō (feudal lord) of the Hiroshima Domain. The castle was originally constructed in the 1590s, but was largely destroyed by the atomic bombing on August 6, 1945. The main keep was rebuilt in 1958, a replica of the original that now serves as a museum of Hiroshima's history before World War II, and other castle buildings have been reconstructed since.
The castle buildings were originally constructed in wood, pine primarily, and the main keep had attached wings to the east and to the south. It was completed sometime between 1592 and 1599, and was designated a National Treasure in 1931. The reconstructed castle originally featured the main tower (tenshu) only, which is made primarily of reinforced concrete. Its five floors stand 26.6 meters (87 ft) above the stone foundation, which, in turn, is 12.4 meters (41 ft) high off the ground. However, in 1994, a gate and 3 yagura in the ninomaru were re-constructed out of wood using the original methods.
An excellent example of a hirajiro or flatlands (plains) castle, Hiroshima castle once had three concentric moats in addition to the Otagawa river to the west (now called the Hongawa), which provided an additional natural barrier. The two outer moats were filled in during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and much of what was once within the castle grounds is now modern urban area, including homes, schools, offices and shops. A number of secondary castle buildings, towers and turrets once stood, and a Shinto shrine called Hiroshima Gokoku Jinja is located within the innermost moat, having been moved there after 1945.
Within the castle walls, three trees survived the atomic bombing: a eucalyptus and a willow at approximately 740 m from the hypocenter, and a holly approximately 935 m from the hypocenter. Both specimens are preserved just beyond the Honmaru. Also located inside the Honmaru is the concrete bunker from which the first radio broadcast out of Hiroshima following the atomic bombing was made.
爆心地 / Hypocenter, Hiroshima, Japan
Carried to Hiroshima from Tinian Island by the Enora Gay, a U.S.Army B-29 bomber, the first atomic bomb used in the history of humankind exploded approximately 600 meters above this spot.
The city below was hit by heat rays of approximately 3,000 to 4,000°C along with a blast wind and radiation.
Most people in the area lost their lives instantly. The time was 8:15 a.m., August 6, 1945.
This seismogram is from the Pinnacle seismic station in Alaska. The noise was caused by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake along the Hubbard Glacier in the St. Elias Mountains, on the Yukon side of the American-Canadian border. The quake occurred at 11:41 AM, local time, on 6 December 2025. The hypocenter was about 3 kilometers deep (below sea level). The United States Geological Survey assigned a value of magnitude 7.0, but the Alaska Earthquake Center rated the quake at magnitude 6.8. Shaking resulted from somewhat oblique, right-lateral slip along a steeply-dipping, northwest-southeast striking fault zone. This is the fourteenth magnitude 7+ earthquake of 2025.
Update: unsurprisingly, the quake triggered many landslides and avalanches.
(See: www.usgs.gov/programs/landslide-hazards/science/2025-m70-... )
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Info. from the United States Geological Survey:
The December 6, 2025 magnitude 7.0 earthquake near the Yakutat Peninsula of Alaska and the United States-Canadian border occurred as the result of oblique slip along or near the plate boundary between the Pacific and North American Plates. The earthquake mechanism is consistent with a combination of thrust and right-lateral strike slip motion, in the vicinity of the Fairweather Fault. The Fairweather Fault is a major plate boundary fault in the region, and is the northern portion of the Queen Charlotte Fault that extends along much of the western offshore coast of Canada. In south-central Alaska, the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Fault transitions into the Alaska-Aleutians subduction zone in a region of complex tectonics and seismicity termed the Yakutat Block. Earthquakes in this region exhibit a range of faulting styles and depths that are indicative of the complex tectonic interactions.
This plate boundary region has produced major earthquakes in the past, including the 1958 magnitude 7.8 Lituya Bay earthquake (which caused a massive landslide-triggered tsunami in Lituya Bay), and represents a major hazard in the region. Since 1950, there have been 16 other magnitude 6 or larger earthquakes in the surrounding 320 kilometers, including the 1979 magnitude 7.1 McCarthy earthquake, a thrust event west of the December 6 earthquake. In 1987, a magnitude 7.9 strike slip earthquake occurred offshore near the southwest edge of the Yakutat Block in the Gulf of Alaska.
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Info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000rsy1/exec...
and
earthquake.alaska.edu/event/ak2025xzwiky
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
Just 160m from the hypocenter the building suvived a nearly vertical blast although the civilians didn't stand any chance. Now a peace memorial, the place completely avoids mentioning that Japan entered the war at their own will which leaves us, the European tourists, wanting for more context being presented.
The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (Nepali: विसं २०७२ को महाभूकम्प) (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed over 8,000 people and injured more than 21,000. It occurred at 11:56 Nepal Standard Time on 25 April, with a magnitude of 7.8Mw or 8.1Ms and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). Its epicenter was east of Lamjung District at Barpak, Gorkha, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 8.2 km (5.1 mi). It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake
Photo was taken in Kathmandu
If you look at the man's heel, you can see that never in his life he wears a shoe. Consider this ...
The 2011 earthquake of the Pacific coast of Tōhoku (東北地方太平洋沖地震, Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin), also known as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the 311 Earthquake, was a magnitude 9.0 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday, 11 March 2011, with the epicenter approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 32 km (20 mi). It was the most powerful known earthquake ever to have hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900. The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that reached heights of up to 40.5 metres (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture, and which, in the Sendai area, travelled up to 10 km (6 mi) inland. The earthquake moved Honshu 2.4 m (8 ft) east and shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in).
The tsunami caused a number of nuclear accidents, primarily the ongoing level 7 meltdowns at three reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant complex, and the associated evacuation zones affecting hundreds of thousands of residents. Many electrical generators were taken down, and at least three nuclear reactors suffered explosions due to hydrogen gas that had built up within their outer containment buildings after cooling system failure. Residents within a 20 km (12 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a 10 km (6.2 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated. In addition, the U.S. recommended that its citizens evacuate up to 80 km (50 mi) of the plant.
The Japanese National Police Agency confirmed 15,850 deaths 6,011 injured, and 3,287 people missing across eighteen prefectures, as well as over 125,000 buildings damaged or destroyed. The earthquake and tsunami caused extensive and severe structural damage in Japan, including heavy damage to roads and railways as well as fires in many areas, and a dam collapse. Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said, "In the 65 years after the end of World War II, this is the toughest and the most difficult crisis for Japan." Around 4.4 million households in northeastern Japan were left without electricity and 1.5 million without water.(Wikipedia)
© All Rights Reserved - Black Diamond Images
The Original Hiroshima's Gokoku Shrine Hall and 2 of the three Torii Gates were destroyed by the 6th August 1945 atomic bomb blast, the hypocenter of which occurred only 330m from the site of the original shrine. The largest of the three Torii gates pictured above somehow survived. It took the blast almost vertically. The tablet hanging from the torii on the hypocenter side was merely knocked askew, not blown off.
Note the Geotag is randomly placed in Hiroshima as I am unsure of the exact location of this image. The stone dogs and lanterns shown in this picture above were relocated onto the remains of the central bailey (honmaru) of the Hiroshima Castle front entrance in 1956 and the Torii Gate and its hanging tablet to the back entrance.
I know it was located within 330 metres of the A Bomb hypoenter so it was not too far from the Hiroshima Castle.
The historic 5 storey Hiroshima Castle had been totally destoyed by the A Bomb blast.
Witnesses reported that the castle tower, long a symbol of Hiroshima, crumbled suddenly with an eerie earth-shaking rumble. It was reconstructed in 1958 prior to the Hiroshima Grand Fair of Reconstruction. Todays Hiroshima Castle tower watches over the city and I will post some images soon of the reconstructed castle and views from it.
Any further information relating to this image is welcomed.
I went to Hiroshima in October 2010 because my father had served there with Australian Forces as a medical orderly from the Medical Ship MV Manunda in April 1946 repatriating Australian POW's back home. See some of his photos taken on April 5th 1946 HERE
Photo has until 27th Feb 2013 been held in a private collection.
More images of Hiroshima HERE.
Gradually adding images to this and other Hiroshima galleries.
The Peace Memorial at night,
Hiroshima, Chugoku, Japan.
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Genbaku Dome, Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome, is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
The ruin of the Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. The atomic bomb exploded at a height of 600 meters, 160 meters to the southeast of the Atomic Bomb Dome. Over 70.000 people were killed instantly, and another 70.000 suffered fatal injuries from the radiation.
The Genbaku Dome was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter. The building has undergone two minor preservation projects to stabilize the ruin, it still stands almost exactly as it did after the bombing in 1945.
-Wiki
Picture taken at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima Japan. This was taken in one of the memorials at the Peace Park and gives you a visual representation of the terrible destruction caused by the atomic blast in Hiroshima.
Also known as Hiroshima Peace memorial, this is one of the few buildings surviving the atomic blast. Standing 160m from the hypocenter it was destroyed in seconds.
Stands there to remind the world of the terrible consequences of atomic bombing.
More information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
Ground Zero of the Atomic Bombing in Nagasaki
On August 9th, 1945, an atomic bomb detonated 500 meters above Matsuyama in Nagasaki City at 11:02am. The area within a 2.5 kilometer radius of the hypocenter was utterly devastated, and the rest of the city was left in ruins. After the bombing, which destroyed all plant life around the hypocenter, people said that no plants would grow there for the next 75 years. However, one month after the atomic bombing, about 30 kinds of plants started to grow again. Today, there are about 500 cherry blossom trees in the Hypocenter Park, as well as flowers and lush greenery that can be seen throughout the year. It truly captures the power of revival.
(quoted from DISCOVER NAGASAKI )
no rules, no limitations, no boundaries it's like an art™
© All Rights Reserved by ajpscs
The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, officially named the Great East Japan Earthquake ("Eastern Japan Great Earthquake Disaster" (東日本大震災 Higashi Nihon Daishinsai) was a magnitude 9.0 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday, 11 March 2011, with the epicenter approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 32 km (20 mi).
The Japanese National Police Agency has confirmed 14,755 deaths, 5,279 injured, and 10,706 people missing across eighteen prefectures, as well as over 125,000 buildings damaged or destroyed.
wikipedia (2011 Tōhoku earthquake)
HELPUL LINKS
PEACE BOAT EMERGENCY RELIEF OPERATION
ARTICLES
▶Golden Week volunteers overwhelm some disaster sites
▶Disaster sites lure Japanese holiday-week helpers
▶Thousands of volunteers head to quake-tsunami disaster areas
A man takes a selfie while facing the Atomic Bomb Dome, a symbol of nuclear destruction and human tragedy.
Hiroshima, Japan; 2018
This is a seismogram for the Campanas Astronomical Observatory in Chile. The prominent noise in the middle of the graph was caused by shock waves from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake that hit offshore Chile along the western coast of South America at 8:14 AM, local time, on 21 September 2021. The epicenter was about 80 kilometers due west of the town of Concepción, Chile. The hypocenter was between 17 and 18 kilometers deep.
This was a subduction zone earthquake. Subduction zones have a tectonic plate composed of oceanic lithosphere diving underneath a plate of continental or oceanic lithosphere. In this area, the oceanic Nazca Plate is subducting eastward beneath continental lithosphere of the South American Plate. Subduction zones have the most powerful tectonic quakes in the world. Quakes and volcanism are common geologic hazards in such settings. The subduction zone itself is a deep seafloor trough adjacent to the western margin of South America - the Peru-Chile Trench. Mountain building occurs next to the trench - the Andes Mountains. Active and potentially active volcanoes occur throughout the Andes.
This quake occurred during a Moon-Earth-Sun alignment.
See info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000fd4k/exec...
and
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru–Chile_Trench
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
Nagasaki, Japan
Sadako Sasaki (佐々木 禎子 Sasaki Sadako, January 7, 1943 – October 25, 1955) was a Japanese girl who was two years old when an American atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, near her home next to the Misasa Bridge. Sadako became one of the most widely known hibakusha — a Japanese term meaning "bomb-affected person". She is remembered through the story of the one thousand origami cranes she folded before her death, and is to this day a symbol of the innocent victims of nuclear warfare.
This map (provided by the United States Geological Survey) shows the locations of 128 earthquakes in southern Turkey from 6 to 7 February 2023. The two most powerful events were magnitude 7.8 and 7.5. Three events were in the 6s. Twenty-four events were in the 5s. One was a magnitude 4.2 foreshock to the main shock. The remainder were aftershocks in the 4s. Numerous smaller aftershocks are not shown. The quakes occurred during a Moon-Earth-Sun alignment.
Quake epicenters on the map broadly delineate two major fault zones. Much of Turkey (= Anatolian Plate) is moving westward due to "extrusion tectonics". Essentially, Turkey is being pushed sideways, out-of-the-way, as tectonic collision occurs between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. That collision produced the Zagros Mountains in the Iran-Iraq area.
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Info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/exec...
[An event-specific summary is at the bottom of that page.]
and
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jlqa/exec...
[An event-specific summary is at the bottom of that page.]
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
This is a seismogram from the Kiev seismic station in Ukraine. The prominent noise was caused by shock waves from a magnitude 6.0 earthquake that hit the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea at 9:17 AM, local time, on 27 September 2021. The epicenter was about 14 kilometers southeast of the town of Heraklion, Crete. The hypocenter was between 8 and 9 kilometers deep. The quake resulted from movement along a northeast-southwest striking normal fault.
See info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000fes8/exec...
[An event-specific summary is at the bottom of that page.]
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
This map (provided by the United States Geological Survey) shows the locations of 73 earthquakes in southern Turkey on 6 February 2023 - this includes a magnitude 7.8 event and a 7.5 event over 9 hours later. All other events on the map are significant aftershocks (magnitude 6s, 5s, and 4s). Two linear trends are apparent - a northeast-southwest alignment of quakes (the 7.8 event and its aftershocks) and an east-west alignment (the 7.5 event and its aftershocks). These were the fourth and fifth magnitude 7+ earthquakes of 2023. The quakes occurred during a Moon-Earth-Sun alignment.
--------------------------------
Info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/exec...
[An event-specific summary is at the bottom of that page.]
and
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jlqa/exec...
[An event-specific summary is at the bottom of that page.]
--------------------------------
An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park: The A-Bomb Dome.
The A-Bomb Dome is the skeletal ruins of the former Industrial Promotion Hall. It is the building closest to the hypocenter of the nuclear bomb that remained at least partially standing. It was left how it was after the bombing in memory of the casualties. The A-Bomb Dome, to which a sense of sacredness and transcendence has been attributed, is situated in a distant ceremonial view that is visible from the Peace Memorial Park’s central cenotaph. It is an officially designated site of memory for the nation’s and humanity’s collectively shared heritage of catastrophe. The A-Bomb Dome is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Also known as Hiroshima Peace memorial, this is one of the few buildings surviving the atomic blast. Standing 160m from the hypocenter it was destroyed in seconds.
Stands there to remind the world of the terrible consequences of atomic bombing.
More information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
At the base of the statue:
"At 11:02 A.M., August 9, 1945 an atomic bomb exploded 500 meters above this spot. The black stone monolith marks the hypocenter.
The fierce blast wind, heat rays reaching several thousand degrees and deadly radiation generated by the explosion crushed, burned, and killed everything in sight and reduced this entire area to a barren field of rubble.
About one-third of Nagasaki City was destroyed and 150,000 people killed or injured and it was said at the time that this area would be devoid of vegetation for 75 years. Now, the hypocenter remains as an international peace park and a symbol of the aspiration for world harmony."
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En la base de la estatua se puede leer:
"A las 11:02 AM, 09 de agosto 1945 una bomba atómica explotó a 500 metros por encima de este punto. El monolito de piedra negro marca el hipocentro.
La feroz explosión aventó rayos ardientes de varios miles de grados de temperatura y la radiación mortal generada por la explosión aplastó, quemó, y mató a todo ser vivo que se encontrara a la vista, reduciendo toda esta zona en un campo estéril de escombros.
Alrededor de un tercio de la ciudad de Nagasaki fue destruida y 150.000 personas murieron o resultaron heridas (con mortandad en corto plazo) y se pensó que esta zona permanecería carente de vegetación durante los siguientes 75 años.
Ahora, el hipocentro se mantiene como un parque de la paz internacional y un símbolo de la aspiración a la armonía mundial."
The map and seismograms (= Mammoth station, California) show 114 earthquakes that occurred in Mammoth Creek Valley, between the town of Mammoth Lakes and Long Valley, California in June 2022. The wedge-shaped cluster on the map is one week's worth of earthquakes, from 15 June to 21 June 2022. The three seismograms show events from late 19 June 2022 to early 21 June 2022, local time. The largest event was magnitude 3.0. Hypocenter depths were generally quite shallow. Geographic and temporal clusters of earthquakes are known as "swarms". They usually occur over several days, but can have longer durations.
This seismicity occurred in the Long Valley Caldera, a large depression formed by an explosive eruption of the Long Valley Volcano about 760,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene.
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Map provided by the United States Geological Survey.
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
August 9, 1945 @ 11:02am the second atomic bomb of WWII detonated above Nagasaki.
The black vault at the base of the monument contains the names of the victims who died from the bombing (both at the time of the bombing and years later).
This seismogram is from the Narrogin seismic station in Australia. The prominent scribble represents shock waves from a magnitude 7.3 earthquake that hit southwest of the Fiji Islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The quake occurred at 6:29 PM, local time, on 2 October 2021. The epicenter was about 496 kilometers southwest of (offshore from) the town of Suva on Viti Levu Island. The hypocenter was between 530 and 540 kilometers deep, a considerable depth. Such events are called deep focus earthquakes.
See info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000fr0b/exec...
and
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-focus_earthquake
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
This seismogram is from the Salta seismic station in Argentina. The prominent blue noise is from a powerful, magnitude 7.2 earthquake in the Andes Mountains of southeastern Peru. The quake occurred at 7:02 AM, local time, on 26 May 2022. The epicenter was about 39 kilometers northwest of Lake Arapa and about 68 kilometers northwest of Lake Titicaca. The hypocenter was between 215 and 220 kilometers deep. Quakes at such depths usually result in less surface damage compared with shallower events.
This is the third magnitude 7+ earthquake of 2022.
--------------------------------
Info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000hcmn/exec...
[Scroll down at that page for an event-specific summary.]
and
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000hcmn/regi...
[Scroll down at that page for a regional summary.]
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
A couple walks in the Hypocenter Park in Nagasaki, past the 1968 memorial monolith that marks the precise spot where the atomic bomb exploded 500m above the ground on August 9 1945. A section of the southern wall of the sanctuary from the original 1925 Urakami Cathedral, which was situated 500m away from the hypocenter, was saved and rebuilt in its present location next to the monolith. Statues of the Madonna and John the Apostle sit atop the wall. A replacement for the destroyed cathedral was built in 1959 on the original site and was remodeled in 1980 to more closely resemble the original French style of the building.
This map shows a cluster of 102 earthquake events that occurred in December 2021 offshore from America's Pacific Northwest. Activity started at 4:21 AM, local time, on 7 December 2021 and ceased on 10 December (three temporal outliers occurred after this - a magnitude 4.4 event on 12 December, a 4.1 event on 14 December, and another 4.4 event on 14 December). Only quakes of magnitude 3.4 or greater are shown here. Seventeen events were in the 5s. The two most powerful quakes were both magnitude 5.8. Clusters of earthquakes are called "swarms".
This earthquake swarm occurred along the Blanco Transform Fault Zone (often mis-referred to as the "Blanco Fracture Zone"), along which the Pacific Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate are sliding past each other. Despite the term "sliding", movement is usually in the form of sudden jolts. The Blanco Transform Fault is about 340 kilometers long and has an overall en echelon structure. It offsets spreading centers of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (to the north) and the Gorda Ridge (to the south).
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See info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gaag/exec...
[A write-up of this swarm is at the bottom of that webpage.]
and
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanco_Fracture_Zone
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
There's this undeniable vibe about the Hiroshima Peace Park at night. Whether it be a sense of tranquility or an eerie lingering sadness, I'm still not sure. (It didn't help that the weather was particularly gloomy the whole time I was in Hiroshima.)
70 years ago, this became ground zero for the world's first atomic bombing. The Genbaku Dome on the left was the only structure left standing in the hypocenter after the explosion killed over 70,000 people instantly. Today, its ruins remain a reminder for peace.
Admittedly, I've had mixed feelings about Japan & WW2 memorials. Raised in a country directly hit by WW2, I have family members who lost their homes during Japanese air raids, left for dead after being stabbed in the head with a bayonet, forced to walk the Bataan Death March. But these aren't the forests of Guadalcanal, these were homes, hospitals, offices, schools, epic civilian casualties. Seeing how these people rebuilt their lives and moved on after such an event is truly something else.
Hiroshima, Japan
April 2015
Shot with a Canon EOS 6D
All images copyright Christina Itchon © 2015
Now available on Getty Images! gty.im/557104585
Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Nagasaki was founded by the Portuguese in the second half of the 16th century on the site of a small fishing village, formerly part of Nishisonogi District. It became a center of Portuguese and other European peoples' influence in the 16th through 19th centuries. Part of Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War. Its name means "long cape".
During World War II, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack. Source: en.wikipedia.org
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The Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum (Nagasaki Genbaku Shiryōkan) is in the city of Nagasaki, Japan. The museum is a remembrance to the atomic bombing of the city that occurred on 9 August 1945, at 11:02:35 am. When the United States of America dropped a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki.
Next to the museum is the Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims, built in 2003, which marks the hypocenter of the event. The bombing marked a new era in war, making Nagasaki a symbolic location for a memorial. The counterpart in Hiroshima is the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. These locations symbolize the nuclear age, remind visitors of the vast destruction and indiscriminate death caused by nuclear weapons, and signify a commitment to peace. Source: en.wikipedia.org
This seismogram is from the Isparta seismic station in Turkey. The prominent red noise is from a magnitude 7.8 earthquake that hit southern Turkey at 4:17 AM, local time, on 6 February 2023. The epicenter was just east of the town of Atalar and northwest of Bayatli in southern Turkey. The hypocenter was between 15 and 20 kilometers deep. Shaking resulted from left-lateral strike-slip movement along a northeast-southwest trending fault zone. This is the fourth magnitude 7+ earthquake of 2023. The quake occurred during a Moon-Earth-Sun alignment.
The prominent blue noise at left is from a magnitude 6.7 aftershock that hit 11 minutes later.
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Info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/exec...
[An event-specific summary is at the bottom of that page.]
--------------------------------
An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.
This seismogram is from the Matsushiro seismic station in Japan. The noise represents shock waves from a magnitude 6.1 earthquake that hit the Sea of Japan between Korea and Japan. The quake occurred at 5:37 PM, local time, on 29 September 2021. The epicenter was about 270 kilometers ~northwest of Sado, Japan. The hypocenter was between 360 and 370 kilometers deep - a considerable depth. Such events are called deep-focus earthquakes.
See info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000fq2d/exec...
and
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-focus_earthquake
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.