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Mamiya C330 S and Sekor 80mm f/2.8
Fujifilm Neopan 100 Acros developed in Xtol (1:1)
I finished it today! Although, for a more accurate representation of its color, please see it here.
Perfect timing, because I still feel like crap and this way I can STILL get away with not showing my makeup-less face, as I have been doing since Tuesday ;-)
50 Random Facts About Me
#27: The reason I had to have my gallbladder removed is because I had so LITTLE fat in my diet, all the bile sat there and did not do its job breaking down fat and it turned into stones. I have always been on the average to a little chubby side, and have went up and down as I think all women have...but I was always convinced I was totally fat.
But I was so obsessed with looking 'perfect' and people in my own family would always give me a hard time to lose a few pounds so I made up my own diet which was basically no more then 500 calories a day and as little to no fat as possible. I ate rice and steamed veggies and not much else. Yes I am aware how unhealthy it was so I really don't want lectures on it. It has truly fucked up my body ever since. I lost too much weight very quickly and I was bony and gross for about a year and now besides losing my gallbladder my weight fluctuates very easily and my whole system is out of whack and may very well be forever.
It was drilled into my head by the media and by FAMILY that if I was not stick-thin I was not beautiful and would never get a husband or whatever and I believed it. I know it is not true but there is a part of me that still feels like I will never be thin enough or pretty enough or perfect enough.
(NOTE: these Random Facts are not to get reaction, but it was my choice on finding an interesting way to end out my Year 1 and maybe share some things about me that make me who I am. If you don't like it, don't read it. But I am not looking for sympathy or compliments or anything else. I chose on purpose to have some funny ones, some weird ones, etc...and I had reasons for it.)
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Yesterday wasn't the best day for my girlfriend and I, and neither was today. So I had the thought to quite literally shed something that was holding me back. In this case I thought it would be cool to do something crazy, something I've never done before. So I shaved my head, and in doing so, felt a little more free of some of the crap that the missus and I have gone through over the last few days.
I've learned:
1) My photography is very cathartic for me
2) Bald people look like eggs
3) Bald people have a superpower. Yup, since shaving my head, I've developed the superpower to detect cold. Try opening your freezer right now, I'll wait... YUP, I just felt that from here.
4) I had a lot of hair. When you see it all on the floor in front of you, it's amazing that you were carrying that much.
5) Fake blood stains badly
6) When you're bald, it feels like you can touch your brain
7) My head is weirdly shaped
So, is anyone else here bald? Drop a comment! We're automatically friends now.
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Did you hear of an 'old New year'? We celebrated it last night.
It is January 13/14. (December 31. / Januar 1. according to Julian calendar).
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China, Yangtze river, coal-burning power plant
Published in The True Cost of Coal Ash in China
DEC 21, 2016 :: "Smog refugees flee Chinese cities"
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APR 2005 From the Aeon of Regional Conflicts and World Wars,
to the Epoch of Clashing Civilizations & Global Uniculturalism.
[-] Notes from bilwander's suspended Facebook, now >here [-]
In the times of Globalization & the "progressive" illusion of Multicultural "Coexistence" ( i.e. devastative global uniculturalism ), Clashing Civilizations, Proxy Wars, Blind Terrorism, Uncontrolled Breeding and Consumerism, are ending this World, while ... Comics of ... Iconomics make the most epic failure ever of Democracy in the, so to say, developed societies.
Virtual Economies (thus Iconomies) generating elitist wealth out of deregulated money supply, leveraged credit expansion, permanently rolling-over and exponentially rising debt , impossible to be paid-off in any visible future, along with unsustainable consumption and "growth", and, in the end, extreme global socio-economic, geopolitical, environmental and even health crises.
Crises of Massive Poverty, Misery and Migration, on a planet already crowded, littered, polluted and exploited to its limits; a planet where the wealthy suffer from diseases of affluence & longevity, and contaminated food, while the poor die early from malnutrition and lack of basic hygiene and medical care.
World Population and Inequality (Wealth Distribution Gap) grow faster than the Gross World Product (GWP) while Natural Resources are Draining Out, and Long-term Structural Unemployment & Poverty will deterministically continue to rise for at least this whole century as far as Governments and Peoples continue to ignore and defy the most crucial macroeconomic parameter (i.e. World Demographic Trend) and the factors (Population Size & Quality) that define the Welfare Equation. In simple words : :
The More People On Earth The Much Worse Their Life Gets
The Mother of All Evil and Misery
In The Epoch of the Infinite Evolution of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics and Eugenics, the forecasts for World Poverty are gravely pessimistic as far as the vast majority of people continue to over-exercise Outdated Reproductive Rights, without basic knowledge, responsibility and resources, or, even worse, with criminal and/or genetically detrimental records, factually instigating and perpetrating the most massive, continuous and silent Genocidal Crime of human history alongside an Overpopulation of self-condemned people ...
A more than obvious global crime, yet ignored and absent from any agenda, a taboo not even to be quoted within a defiant World Society and an idle Academic Community; the Mother of All Evil and Misery, a ticking time-bomb of total destruction whereas populist regimes and the hypocrisy of political correctness dominate and govern the populace ...
Family Planning, Genetic Engineering and, nowadays, Sexual Transgenderism (and eventually Androidification ) though yet far from consisting mainstream social procedures, and even with law deficits, are increasingly practiced altering already the traditional patterns of human reproduction and social institutions, thus defining the rise of a new epoch within the Anthropocene.
Qualitatively Controlled Human Reproduction by individual choice, assisted by Sperm & Ova Banks via Modified DNA and combination of superior genetic "materials" along with Artificial Intelligence, will eventually lead to intellectual and physical abilities, unprecedentedly superior to those of Homo Sapiens and its contemporary Universalis, so defining the species of the Androidified Human; a Homo Superius of “his/her/its” kind; the product of the Contemporary Dark Ages where Obsolete Reproductive Rights encroach and override Basic Human Rights, transforming the decadent democracies into de facto regimes of Extreme Populism, Anarchy, Illegalism, Oligarchy & Tyranny ....
In the future, most likely, even fewer countries and smaller populations than today will be able to obtain & maintain high standards of living, provided that they manage to sustain robust, technologically advanced and fiscally+monetarily disciplined economies, secured energy self-sufficiency/accessibility, demographic sustainability along with social security and geopolitical stability with effective control & regulation of the migration influx and its intensifying impact and destabilizing potential on the function of the, so to say, 'developed' economies and societies, and presuming that a global catastrophe like a nuclear war or a galactic "accident" would not eventually occur on planet Earth ....
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It's the People, stupid ! (15 APR 2016)
As usual, Soros just speaks out about preserving the Bubble of World Economy for as long as possible...
Who does actually care or can make a difference about next generations, peoples, people, proxy wars, clashing civilizations, migrants or refugees ? ... simply no one
The Bubble, like any bubble, has an undated, but deterministically approaching Burst Out Day .... and the World is already bankrupt in effect and long before the evolving Economic Meltdown, just because of its unregulated and unsustainable population size .....
It's the (Too Many & Stupid) People, Stupid !
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related tweets to :
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Bazar_(Estambul)
El Gran Bazar (Kapalıçarşı en turco) de Estambul (Turquía) es el mayor bazar de la ciudad y uno de los bazares más grandes del mundo.
Situado en el centro de la "ciudad vieja", en la parte europea de Estambul entre Nuruosmaniye, Mercan y Beyazıt, tiene más de 58 calles y 4.000 tiendas. Diariamente recibe entre 250.000 y 400.000 visitantes. Con muchas áreas de negocio entre las que destaca la joyería, orfebrería, tiendas de especias y tiendas de alfombras. Comercios que se agrupan por tipo de actividad, en plan gremial. El bazar contiene dos bedestanes, o estructuras de mampostería con domo para el almacenamiento de mercancía; el primero de ellos fue construido en 1464 por orden de Mehmed II. En 1864 fue reconstruido en su mayoría luego de un terremoto.
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1. Everything's coming up daisies, 2. "while there's life, there's hope." ~marcus tullius cicero, 3. Bursting Forth, 4. A rainy Bench Monday, 5. oh hai! spring?, 6. To take a photograph.....296/365, 7. walking in the rain, 8. bench2, 9. for the years~, 10. Morning Rain, 11. On Awakening, 12. it's been that kind of afternoon., 13. the path to spring.
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* ISTANBUL MAGIC DAYS *
por: Marco Vianna©
** Todos los derechos reservados **
Mis Imagenes publicadas en TheDphoto, by Diana Eftaiha:
"Beautiful Photography of Marco Vianna"
Vista desde la puerta trasera de la mesquita “YENI MOSQUE” donde se observa
los transeuntes durante un dia laboral en la ciudad. Al fondo de la imagen, se
puede apreciar la bellisima "TORRE GALATA" del otro lado del continente.
Aqui acababa de estrenar mis nuevas lentes, "Sigma 10 ÷ 20 mm EX DC".
# Para esta toma:
Canon EOS 400D Digital + Sigma 10 ÷ 20 mm EX DC
# Obturación: 1/250 seg. ~ Diafragmado: f/4 ~ 100 ISO ~ WB: Manual.
# Filtro polarizador.
Aqui mi paso del analogico al formato digital:
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Dettifoss is a great waterfall in the North of Iceland, except the weather was absolutely terrible (cold and windy with heavy rain !). Couldn't make much of it, just playing with the shutter spped: this is the fast version, and there is the slow one ;-)
Part of Iceland
Copyright : Mathieu Rivrin
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Dernière image de l'année pour vous souhaiter de passer d'excellentes fêtes de fin d'année !
Elle est prise sur une plage de Morgat sur la presqu'ile de Crozon pendant une sortie avec les collègues de Breizhscapes.
Mathieu
Lophius piscatorius, and Yoan Eynaud.
A nice encounter by -47m, south of France.
5D2, 15mm, 2 strobes.
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Before 2 weeks, Sotiris , George and I, started our small hiking expedition and we followed the path from Papigo to Drakolmini in Tymfi mountain.
This photo is right below Astraka peak, almost half way to Drakolimni.
It was a fantastic experience, although very very tiring.
We covered almost 18 km and reached an altitude of nearly 2100m (from a starting point of 900m).
Wow, it was an amazing experience !
More photos to come soon !
See you !
Christophe Anagnostopoulos
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Nikon D800 | Nikon 24-70 @ 24mm | F/5.6 | 1/160s | ISO 100 | Circular Polarizer | Handheld
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www.spurnpoint.com/Spurn_Point.htm
Spurn is a very unique place in the British Islands. Three and a half miles long and only fifty metres wide in places.
Extending out in to the Humber Estuary from the Yorkshire coast it has always had a big affect to the navigation of all vessels over the years. Help to some and a danger or hindrance to others. This alone makes Spurn a unique place.
Spurn is made up of a series of sand and shingle banks held together with mainly Marram grass and Seabuckthorn. There are a series of sea defence works built by the Victorians and maintained by the Ministry of Defence, till they sold Spurn to the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust in the 1950s. The defences are in a poor state, breaking down and crumbling. This is making Spurn a very fragile place wide open to the ravages of the North Sea.
One of the most striking features of Spurn is the black and white lighthouse near to the end of Spurn. Now just an empty shell not used since it was closed down at dawn on the thirty first of October 1986.
There have been many Lighthouses on Spurn over the years the first recorded at around 1427. The present light was built from 1893 TO 1895. The small tower on the beach on the Estuary side was originally the low light. It was built and put in to operation at around 1852. This light was no longer needed when the present lighthouse was opened in 1895.At a later date the light was removed and it was used as a store for explosives and later as a water tower. The tank can still be seen on the top. When it was operational there was a raised walkway from the shore to the lighthouse so it could be reached at all stages of the tide.
The present lighthouse was built to replace an old lighthouse that was positioned just to the south of the present one. You can still see the round perimeter wall surrounding the old keepers cottages and the base of the old lighthouse which had to be demolished due to it settling on it's foundations making it unsafe.
The only light on Spurn today is a flashing green starboard light on the very end of the point and the fixed green lights marking the end of the Pilots jetty.
Because of Spurns ever moving position there have been many Lighthouses over the years. There is a very good book by George.de.BOAR, called History of the Spurn Lighthouses, produced by the East Yorkshire Local History Society. This is one of a series of books on local history.
www.spurnpoint.com/Around_and_about_at_Spurn.htm
Around and about there are plenty of places to eat and drink. Starting from the north of Spurn at Kilnsea there is the Riverside hotel offering good quality food drink and accommodation. Coming south towards Spurn and still in Kilnsea there is the Crown and Anchor pub. A welcoming place serving bar meals fine beers and offering bed and breakfast at very reasonable rates. At the crossroads before you turn towards Spurn there is the Spurn heritage coast visitors centre. Where there is a small cafe and exhibition. At the entrance Spurn point nature reserve is an information centre and bird observatory selling books pamphlets, etc., and the last toilet on Spurn.
Past the lighthouse is the last car park. Two hundred metres further on you find the Humber Lifeboat and Pilot stations. Near the houses is a Small caravan selling tea, coffee, cold cans, hot and cold food, crisps and sweets.
All are open all year round apart from the heritage centre which is open thought the season.
BIRD WATCHING.
Is a very popular pastime as Spurn is internationally famous for birds. There are up to two hundred species recorded at spurn every year. Some of which are extremely rare. The Marmora's Warbler seen at Spurn In June 1992 was only the third recorded in Britain.
SEA FISHING.
The beaches of Spurn provide some of the best sea fishing in the area, with Cod and Whiting and Flats being caught through the winter and Skate, Flats and Bass through the summer. There is sport to be had all the year.
At the very end of Spurn is deep water ideal for Cod but this only fishes best two hours either side of low water, the tide is to strong at other times. All along the seaward side of Spurn is good for all species of fish at all times though over high water being the better. The riverside of Spurn is very shallow and only produces Flats and the bass over high water.
THE BEACH.
The beaches at Spurn are of soft sand and shingle. Whichever way the wind is blowing you can just pop over the dunes to the outer side. There are fossils and all manners of things to find beach combing. Swimming is not safe any were near the point end as there are very strong tides at up to six knots at times. But in side Spurn around the point car park is perfect at high water. The beach does not shelf to fast and very little tide. You can have the place to your self at times, as Spurn is never really busy weekdays.#
A very popular pastime at Spurn is Fossil hunting. There is a good abundance of fossils to be found in amongst the pebbles and shingle.
The Shark Trust has a very interesting PDF file tell you all about Shark Skate and rays the mermaids purses you find on the beach are egg shells from sharks and Rays. Click the link to down load the Shark Trust Brochure.
WALKING.
Walking or strolling at spurn is very easy, as there are no hills. There are various sign posted paths up and down the point. For the fit a complete walk round the whole point is about 8 miles, taking in all the point round the point end and back to the "warren" information place at the start of Spurn. You will need good footwear, as much of the paths are sand. There is limited access for disabled, but not to the point end, as you have to go via the beach.
You can park your car at the point car park and walk round the point end and back to the car park about a mile, or just stroll around the point were you choose. The only place you are not allowed to go are down the pilot's jetty and the centre square of the Lifeboat houses.
In spring and early summer Spurn is covered with a large amount of wild flowers of all species.
There are common to the not so common; from Orchids to bluebells. I must remind you Spurn is a nature reserve and the picking of all flowers is prohibited. When visiting please enjoy Spurn, as it is a very beautiful place and leave only your footprints.
Horse Riding.
There is riding available nearby at the North Humberside Riding Centre. The stables are ideally located with rides along quiet country lanes, by-ways, plus miles of sandy beach and riverbanks. The cross-country course offers a variety of fences for both the novice and the more experienced rider.
www.spurnbirdobservatory.co.uk/
A Brief History of Spurn Bird Observatory
Following visits to Spurn by several members of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in the late 1930's, a communal log for ornithological observations was instituted in 1938. This included a roll-call of species, the beginnings of a recording system, which later became standard in bird observatories. Realising the potential of the Spurn peninsula for the regular observation of bird migration a group of enthusiasts, notably Ralph Chislett, George Ainsworth, John Lord and R.M. Garnett, had the idea of setting up a bird observatory, with the Warren Cottage at the northern end of the peninsula as an ideal headquarters. Unfortunately the outbreak of war forced them to put their plans on hold but shortly after hostilities ceased a lease for Warren Cottage was obtained from the War Department and the observatory was established shortly afterwards under the auspices of the Y.N.U. with the four members mentioned above forming the first committee. A preliminary meeting was held in September 1945 to decide on the site for a Heligoland trap, work on which was begun almost immediately and the first bird (a Blackbird) was ringed on November 17th. The first minuted committee meeting was held on March 9th 1946 and the observatory was opened to visitors at Whitsuntide that year.
Initially coverage was limited to the main migration seasons, being extended to winter weekends in the early 1950's to trap and ring some of the large numbers of Snow Buntings which used to occur at that time of year and gradually coverage was increased (whenever possible) to cover the late spring and summer. In 1959 there was an important development when the Yorkshire Naturalists' Trust (now the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust) became the owners of the peninsula and thus the observatory's landlord. In 1960 a full time warden was appointed by the Trust, and although having no official connection with the observatory the fact of having an observer on the peninsula year-round inevitably helped to improve the ornithological coverage. This was especially the case from 1964 when the current warden, Barry Spence, was appointed, in conjunction with the fact that an interest in birds and their migrations was steadily growing and more bird-watchers were staying at the observatory, often for longer periods.
When the observatory opened there was accommodation for seven visitors in Warren Cottage and facilities included two chemical toilets, the Warren Heligoland trap and an ex-army hut as a ringing hut. Over the next ten years a further five Heligoland traps were constructed along the peninsula, although today only three remain in existence. In 1959 the observatory gained the use of the Annexe, one of two ex W.D. bungalows built at the Warren during the early 1950's, thus increasing the accommodation capacity to seventeen and providing much improved toilet facilities. Over the years the accommodation and facilities have been gradually improved to try to make the visitor's stay at Spurn as comfortable as possible. Other improvements have also taken place, in 1968 part of one of the derelict buildings at the Point was converted into a ringing laboratory ready for the first B.T.O. Ringing Course, held in autumn of that year and in 1971 part of one of the derelict buildings at the Warren was also converted into a ringing laboratory. The other part of this building became a laboratory for the use of students of Leeds University but this also became available to the observatory in the mid 1980's when the University no longer had a use for it. Subsequently it was converted into a self-contained accommodation unit for two, complete with kitchen facilities, and although officially known by the somewhat unimaginative name of Room F (the rooms in the Annexe being known as Rooms A, C, D & E, - whatever happened to Room B?), it was somewhat irreverently christened "Dunbirdin" by regular visitors to Spurn.
In 1965 a sea-watching hut was erected east of the Warren beyond the line of the former railway track. Due to coastal erosion it became necessary to move this in late 1974, when it was hoped that it would last at least as long as it had in its first position. Alas this was not to be, as the rate of erosion increased dramatically in the mid 1970's, necessitating a further move in early December 1977. In that year a clay bank had been built across the field behind Warren Cottage (Clubley's field) to prevent the flooding of arable land by wind-blown sea water, but on January 11th 1978 Spurn suffered its worst flooding ever when a strong to gale-force north-westerly wind combined with a spring tide. In late 1981 due to extensive construction works at Easington a large quantity of boulder clay became available and this was used to build up and extend the bank across Clubley's field, south towards Black Hut and north beyond Big Hedge to join up with an existing bank (which had been built in 1974) behind the scrape. In 1982 the sea-watching hut was repositioned on top of this bank, where it remained until the bank itself was washed away in the early 1990's.
A number of other changes to the observatory recording area began to take place from the early 1970's, including extensive building operations at the Point, commencing in 1974, with the construction of a new jetty for the Humber Pilot boats, new housing for the Spurn Lifeboat crew and the conversion and renovation of various existing buildings for use by the Coastguard and the Pilots. In 1978 following damage to the existing road south of the Warren area a new tarmac road was laid to the west of the original one, this lasted until 1988 when a second "new road" loop had to be laid, followed in 1991 by the construction of the existing loop road running along the Humber shore from just south of the Warren to just beyond Black Hut. The construction of this road resulted in the destruction of the actual Black Hut, although the area still bears the name. In 1981 the lines of wartime concrete anti-tank blocks running from the seashore to the Canal Zone were removed to fill in a breach at the Narrow Neck. This resulted in the southward extension of the Scrape field by the farmer up to Big Hedge and the start of a gradual decline in the condition of this hedge and its attractiveness to birds. In 1982 a local resident excavated a pond for shooting purposes in the wet area adjoining the Canal Zone. This never really proved successful and the land was later purchased by the Y.W.T. and the pond enlarged to become what is now known as Canal Scrape. In 1984 a famous Spurn landmark, the Narrows "Hut", a wooden migration watch shelter which had stood at the Narrow Neck for twenty-three years, was set fire to by person or persons unknown and completely destroyed, it was replaced the following year by a more solid construction made from breeze-blocks.
A period of considerable change began in 1988 when the Spurn peninsula was designated as part of the Spurn Heritage Coast. Projects undertaken include the enlargement of the Canal Scrape mentioned above and the erection of a hide overlooking it, a hide overlooking the Humber wader roost at Chalk Bank, a public sea-watching hide alongside the observatory one, provision of additional car-parking space, the restoration of the short-turf habitat in the Chalk Bank area, provision of footpaths, etc. A major project was the renovation of the Blue Bell in Kilnsea for use as offices, an information centre and a small cafe, which became fully operational in 1995. Another fairly recent project has been the creation of another scrape/pond on Clubley's field.
In 1996 the observatory celebrated its fiftieth anniversary, and for the first time in its history SBO employed a full time seasonal warden. This position has since been expanded and the observatory now enjoys the services of a year- round warden. In 1998, with a view to the future, a small bungalow in Kilnsea was purchased with money bequeathed by the late John Weston, a long time committee member, who regrettably died in 1996. This was followed in 1999 by the purchase of a strip of land adjacent to the property and is now known as the ‘Church Field’, this is planted with a sacrificial crop every year, and has also had several groups of trees planted and a feeding station placed in the north-east corner. Access to this field is available by becoming a member of ‘Friends of Spurn Bird Observatory’, a venture set up in 2003 to eventually help with the building of a new observatory when the old one falls way to the sea.
72/365 - In The Colors - Ben Harper
Tough start of a new week. Bad results in several stupid tests at school lately and a lot of work to finish before intense days of practice tests next week. You see what I'm talking about ?
So after courses me and Loic had to made a new shot for the school project we've been working on all the weekend. The theme is "Do it as..." a (famous or not so) photographer.
The original feelings we had with this work were very great, we found we had to understand the style of a photographer and shot new pictures with this particular style. We also have to redact about this photographer, define his style and explain his pictures.
In fact, that's basically less interesting, we have to purely copy two pictures of a photographer like a xerox and describe "technically" the original pictures.
Whatever, it's been several weeks that I wanted to make a tribute to Dustin Diaz with this theme, cause he has been inspiring for me. But in the end, I was really unmotivated to just copy his work.
Don't think that's the better way to learn something...
I've been working on learning how Dustin does his pictures for few months to inspire my own ones and be able to shoot something decent for this theme.
Finally I decided to change and try some new things, I wanted to make fashion pictures outdoor with the spring feeling, I found great fashion pictures by Ted Grambeau, but that was not really what I wanted to do. I've shot some pics as Ted Grambeau this Sunday with Emmeline, but finally we ended with the Dustin like picture in the subway that I really liked.
With no fashion photographer name found, I decided to get back on my first idea, that's why we had to shot another one this Monday with Loic.
First we went to a lake outside Toulouse with Melissa and Florent where Loic wanted to shoot his theme picture. Found the place interesting and decided to go for a fashion shoot with Melissa for today's shot. After that, we went back to my place to pack the rest of the things we needed for my DD shot and we went to the center to find the right spot.
A lot of hard work. Hope you'll enjoy it cause we don't have that much sleep theese days...
Love to read your comments. Take care, see ya tomorrow.
Link to In The Colors - Ben Harper live music video.
Light :
- 1 flash Canon speedlite 540EZ through 24" square softbox 35mm on the left of Melissa
- 1 flash Canon speedlite 540EZ backlighting
Fired by Cactus V4.
Canon EOS 7D - EF 50mm f/1.4 USM
Sébastien Huruguen
Le plus intéressant... | Ma carte | Mes classeurs | Mes albums
La chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut, construite sur la colline de Bourlémont à Ronchamp en Haute-Saône, est une création de l'architecte franco-suisse Le Corbusier.
Commencée en 1950 elle fut terminée en 1955. La chapelle a été bénie le 25 juin 1955 par l’archevêque de Besançon, puis consacrée par son successeur en 2005.
La chapelle est construite sur les ruines d'un sanctuaire datant du Moyen Âge, définitivement détruit par des bombardements en septembre 1944, bien qu'il eût subi au cours des siècles de nombreux dégâts causés par les orages et les guerres. Ce sanctuaire chrétien connaît chaque 8 septembre un important pèlerinage pour célébrer la nativité de la sainte Vierge.
Après la fin de la guerre, les habitants de la région de Ronchamp et la Commission d'art sacré de Besançon, décidèrent de la reconstruction de la chapelle et firent appel au célèbre architecte Le Corbusier, alors plutôt connu pour être l'inventeur de l'Unité d'habitation, comme solution aux problèmes de logements de l'après-guerre. Cependant, les premiers contacts entre les religieux et l'architecte furent plutôt rugueux car ce dernier n'était pas très porté sur la foi ; protestant d'origine, il disait avoir des ancêtres cathares, mais se déclarait athée.
À 63 ans, Le Corbusier se lance cependant dans l'aventure de la reconstruction de la chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut à Ronchamp. C'était son premier projet d'un bâtiment cultuel, bien qu'il eût travaillé en 1929 sur les plans de l'église de Tremblay-lès-Gonesse. Lyrique sur la beauté du site, il a dit : « Je n'avais rien fait de religieux, mais quand je me suis trouvé devant ces quatre horizons, je n'ai pu hésiter ».
En 1965, la chapelle ainsi que les bâtiments annexes ont été inscrits monument historique, en 1967 la chapelle a été classée et en 2004 les annexes de la chapelle (la maison du gardien, l'abri du pèlerin et les tables de béton, la cave, la pyramide) ainsi que le campanile de Prouvé ont été classés.
La chapelle est construite avec des pierres de récupération remplissant l'ossature en béton. Les murs sont recouverts de béton projeté enduit de chaux blanche. La coque de béton formant la couverture a été construite à l'aide d'un coffrage en bois ; les empreintes des planches sont encore visibles. Seule l'ossature de béton porte ce toit qui ne touche pas le remplissage de pierre ; ainsi, un vide de quelques centimètres permet à la lumière de passer entre le toit et le mur.
L'architecture toute en rondeur de la chapelle est surprenante pour ceux qui voyaient en Le Corbusier un architecte ne jurant que par l'angle droit. En plan, tous les murs sont courbes. Les clochers le sont également. Ces formes sont issues de la Nature. Le Corbusier s'est inspiré du dessin d'une carapace de crabe pour concevoir le toit. De plus, l'édifice se veut en harmonie avec le paysage vallonné des Vosges : les courbes de la chapelle répondent aux collines environnantes. La possibilité d'organiser de grandes messes en plein air participe de cette communion avec la nature. Les courbes sont également présentes à l'intérieur : le sol est incurvé, tout comme le couvrement.
Ces formes organiques peuvent être liées au contexte architectural des années 1950. Après des années d'Entre-deux-guerres où la droite l'emportait dans la plupart des projets modernes, les années 1950-1960 voient le développement des courbes et contre-courbes. Frank Lloyd Wright avec le musée Guggenheim de New York avait ouvert la voie que suivront Eero Saarinen ou Jorn Utzon. Le Corbusier, qui utilisait déjà des formes organiques dans ses villas des années 1920, a développé cette esthétique à partir de la Cité radieuse de Marseille (conçue en 1947).
La chapelle est pleine de contradictions architecturales, à la fois carrée et ronde, élancée et trapue, basse et haute. Selon Christophe Cousin, le directeur du Musée d'art et d'histoire de Belfort : « Elle a un plan très simple mais quand on est sur place, ce n'est pas du tout évident ». Vaste et ouverte sur l'extérieur, elle devient, le seuil franchi, un tout petit lieu de recueillement. Avec le blanc éclatant de ses murs, elle semble illustrer le grand principe de son architecte, pour lequel « l'émotion architecturale, c'est le jeu savant, correct et magnifique des volumes assemblés sous la lumière. »
Le travail de la lumière est plus sensible encore dans la chapelle. Son intrusion contredit l'épaisseur des murs et la massivité du couvrement. Le mur sud est percé d'une série de pyramides tronquées qui apportent avec une grande subtilité la lumière colorée par les vitraux. Le mur Est est aussi parsemé de jours carrés et d'une niche vitrée renfermant une statue de la Vierge. Par ailleurs, un espace interstitiel entre les murs et la voute de béton permet à la lumière de passer ce qui allège visuellement la masse du couvrement. Enfin, les chapelles bénéficient d'une lumière zénithale indirecte.
A noter que, pour la conception de cette œuvre, Le Corbusier s'est inspiré de l'architecture de la Mosquée de Sidi Brahim, sise à El-Ateuf, en Algérie.
Le travail de Le Corbusier à Ronchamp va au-delà de la conception de la chapelle. Étant peintre, il a dessiné le décor de la porte d'entrée et les vitraux. De plus, le site comprend une ziggourat faite de vieilles pierres, un clocher conçu notamment par Jean Prouvé, une maison d'habitation et un bâtiment collectif à la toiture engazonnée.
Le Corbusier participera à l'édification de deux autres bâtiments cultuels en France : le couvent Sainte-Marie-de-la-Tourette, de 1957 à 1959, et l'église Saint-Pierre de Firminy.
(Source Wikipédia)
Ronchamp | Haute-Saône (70) | Bougogne-Franche-Comté | France