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• Jimpawcle: Constituting the most prominent and severe domestic menace regularly faced and commonly feared by the native Favredian population of Olsuclund, Jimpawcles are exclusively-carnivorous, and accordingly vicious, mammalian predators that live and hunt in packs of up to several dozen individuals. Such groups and their activities are generally centralized around self-designated local areas - relatively flat/even stretches of terrain seem to be preferred - over which the beasts are fiercely territorial, responding with violence toward all intruding entities, including others belonging to their own kind but different packs thereof. Indeed, Jimpawcles are quite prone to infighting within their species based on arbitrary group affiliation, and are able to tell trusted brethren apart from "outsiders", in spite of there being no visible differences between their race's various sub-populations, by sense of smell, with the members of each pack carrying a very subtly unique scent, detectable only by other Jimpawcles, based on the specific features and environmental conditions of their respective territories. Unlike most predatory, pack-dwelling animal varieties found elsewhere, Jimpawcles lack any kind of hierarchy within their packs, where all individuals hold equal standing; this is most evident in their polygamous reproductive habits, where any/all males of a group are liable to mate with any/all of its females.
Although Jimpawcles may occasionally make primitive bids to expand the alleged "borders" of their groups' dominions, any resultant spreading of their population(s) is close-to-negligible as far as any other beings are concerned, and despite generally not posing an active, direct threat to major Favredian settlements, the beasts nonetheless end up causing more than their fair share of humanoid casualties as "field hazards" to hunting parties and others traversing the Olsuclundan environment beyond the confines of their communities. Upon one's stumbling into the unmarked boundaries of a pack's territory, multiple Jimpawcles will frequently show up to attack in rapid order, without warning and seemingly out of nowhere at times, and the creatures are exceptionally adept at ruthlessly ganging up on their targets.
The physiology of the Jimpawcle is that of a posteriorly four-legged, horizontally-postured organism with a fully-upright torso bearing two long, clawed additional arms and a headpiece that possesses certain reptile-resembling features, as does the flesh covering the length of its dorsal starting from the back of said head's neck. Furthermore in terms of reptilian attributes, the characteristic noise of which the Jimpawcle's unintelligible vocalizations all consist resembles not a roar, a growl or even a howl, as one might expect based on the creature's behavior and overall ecosystem role, but rather what can only be described as a distinct hiss. Given how much more distantly-audible and conspicuous a more obvious, louder sound would be as an indicator of Jimpawcles' presence, the hissing nature of their vocals, if anything, enhances the danger they pose to many a traveler, and non-native humanoid explorers in particular, since it is much more difficult for the uninitiated/unprepared to discern it from a safe distance, with the beasts often already being in the process of actively closing in by the time one is close enough to readily hear it.
Like most other organisms present on Olsuclund, the Jimpawcle possesses very tough skin on most areas of its body and even some built-in light protective plating upon certain spots, but conspicuously, its bare feet are among its few parts to bear no such resilience-enhancing features, which is easily the creature's most glaring specific weakness, and makes tactful footing a necessary skill for it to quickly develop during its life. On average, Jimpawcles are marginally greater in total mass than Favredians, but tend to be just slightly shorter in height as well as inferior in their durability, which is valued at 800-950 for the animals compared to the burly avian humanoids' range of 1,000-1,300.
• Metzilume: Arguably the most distinctive-formed of Poulbrimian organisms - having the most unique appearance and build - as well as often being considered some of the Qendsewn homeworld's least-repugnant animals, Metzilumes are peaceful, omnivorous - but primarily plant-eating, with Hatiginiffs being the only other significant beings they consume with any regularity - beasts found, usually living among several others of their kind, within and around various stretches of swampy terrain and marshy alcoves across the planet's map, and very seldom in any other biomes (not that Poulbrim boasts much of a variety thereof). Capable of reaching body lengths of ten feet or more, they are the largest of their desolate home planet's naturally-occurring inhabitants, and among the only ones to be largely left alone by the vicious Ulirooh swarms that have dominated much of the planet's wilds throughout all of recorded history, with their size being instinctually perceived as intimidating by, and thus deterring most potential attacks on them by, the monstrous flying insectoids. This effectively protects Metzilumes from what might otherwise be a threat to their very survival as a species, with the creatures having very little combative capacity in reality and usually ending up getting slaughtered in the rare event that they actually are attacked, whether by Uliroohs or otherwise.
The Metzilume's lengthy, partially-segmented body is horizontally-oriented for the back half of its length, but anteriorly curves into a more upright position starting just past where the frontmost of three pairs of legs meet its lower-belly. The most notable facial feature of the beast is what may appear to be a set of as many as seven eyes, but consists in actuality of three eyes surrounded by a number of physically-functionless embossed markings seemingly designed to superficially resemble true outlets of vision, ultimately contributing to the Metzilume's perceived imposing appearance which is, again, a key asset for its survival. Other points of visual interest on the headpiece include an upward-extending set of three cartilage-based horns as well as fleshy orbs, bearing multiple protrusions, which constitute the Metzilume's ears and are, in fact, the most vulnerably sensitive external parts of its body. Tentacle-esque twin tails extending from the creature's posterior and bearing hard, moderately sharp-edged end-pieces, meanwhile, provide the Metzilume with the closest it has to an adequate method of actively defending itself through attacking, in this case by means of haphazard lashing.
Metzilume flesh is squishier and consequently less resistant to puncturing, burning and the like than most, but what bones the beasts - whose simple skeletal systems consist of little more than what is strictly necessary to support their basic body shape - do have are, in sharp contrast, exceptionally dense and sturdy, being the strongest bones found in any Poulbrimian organism. While this does somewhat offset the relative weakness of the rest of the Metzilume form, the benefit is, in practice, less substantial than one might expect: the majority of feasible injuries to the animal that would even pierce deeply enough to be directly resisted by any of its bones (especially the ones in the main torso length), would, in most cases, be fatal anyway due to the grievous, blood-loss-entailing damage sustained by its flesh prior to its bones even becoming a factor in shock-absorption. All things considered, the Metzilume's overall durability value, on average, is about 900, while the most significant practical function ultimately served by the solidity of its bones lies not so much in protection from outright trauma, but more-so in casual leg-and-foot support during sustained manual locomotion. During the early phases of the humanoid race's long history of experimental, unorthodox scientific endeavoring, Metzilume bones were commonly harvested by Qendsewn, who otherwise have no use for the creatures, for use in various projects as a high-strength organic constructive material. Fortunately for both the animals and the humanoids, this has since become obsolete as the Qendsewn have gained ready access to equally (and later still, superiorly) sturdy materials that can be used nigh-identically in their experiments.
• Doilerbaum: A rather diminutive and ostensibly, yet quite deceptively, harmless-looking winged mammal native to Meilbatsy, the Doilerbaum primarily makes its home amid the same network of elevated landmasses that also provides the foundation for Rabbyphune civilization's centers, dwelling there in large family units. Collectively, these often-rapidly-produced families constitute an exceptionally massive total population for the animal's species: there are, in fact, more Doilerbaums than there are Rabbyphunes on Meilbatsy, though the same cannot be said in regard to the whole of the Prime Galaxy, where Rabbyphunes have proliferated and colonized elsewhere while Doilerbaums, like most non-humanoid animals in general, remain strictly confined to their home planet. In addition to their main areas of habitation, Doilerbaums can also be encountered on occasion all throughout the various lowland regions comprising the rest of Meilbatsy's surface, though never in the same large numbers.
With their largest specimens standing just short of one full meter in height (even with their tall, antenna-like ears accounted for) and their durability values rarely surpassing 500, Doilerbaums possess neither an imposing form nor anything even remotely resembling superior physical strength, yet arguably benefit in other ways from their size more than they ultimately suffer from it. Limited mass and correspondingly low energy intake requirements for sustaining their petite bodies allow the Doilerbaums' great numbers to be sustainable without the matter of having enough space and food to go around becoming exacerbated as a result of their huge population. Additionally and rather more interestingly, at least as the average reader of this will likely be concerned, their small build strongly compliments that of their wings, which, in relation to the rest of the Doilerbaum form, are just sizable and strong enough to adequately carry the nimble bodies from which they protrude through the air, granting the ability of free flight, while not being so substantial and heavy as to prove burdensome for their bearers while not in use. Being able to fly, in turn, gives the Doilerbaum, already a fleet-footed and craftily evasive creature on the ground and even able to perform a special sprint powered by all four pairs of its arms and legs, a tremendous extra advantage in terms of escaping from predators and other hazards. However, it is only in the rare event that it is confronted by a foe from which it, and any of its brethren who happen to be present and likewise-threatened, cannot flee that the tiny beast's most impressive ability of all comes into play.
Upon the end of every Doilerbaum's insectoid-esque tail rests a bulbous, dark-red stinger, via which the animal is able to deliver among the most potent of all venoms to be produced by any mortal organism: a poison that will quickly - yet no-less-painfully for the swiftness - kill any living thing found on Meilbatsy as well as virtually all visitors/explorers from elsewhere in the galaxy, with very few beings out there standing any chance of survival. Fortunately for Rabbyphunes and any others of benign disposition who would otherwise face a severe natural hazard in them, Doilerbaums are not aggressive or reckless with this most frightening and drastic of their abilities, and for good reason, for its use comes with major drawbacks and limitations stemming from the fact that each of the creatures' supply of the pernicious venom involved being both extremely limited and utterly unable to be replenished. As such, a Doilerbaum can only ever deliver two proper stings, the second of which will deplete and destroy its tail - a critical structural supporter of multiple internal organs - and lead to its own excruciating death. Despite this, Doilerbaums that have already stung once before rarely experience any hesitation over what will amount to a suicide attack, for whenever one of them is threatened by an inescapable foe, which usually comes in the form of a den-intruder, multiple others in its family unit are generally at risk as well, and per the small beasts' instinctive mentality, sacrificing oneself for the good of one's group is considered an unquestionably worthy cause.
• Etchfulber: Simple-minded organisms of largely passive disposition, Etchfulbers are a semi-common sight on Alfriiden, where their naturally-designated role is as prey animals to multiple other Alfriidenizen varieties. Small-to-average in body volume but considerably greater in effective mass by virtue of being extremely dense by the standards of most organic beings, the core frames of Etchfulbers are flat-faced and nearly rectangular in shape, and have been likened on numerous occasions to fleshy, slimy, icy "bricks". Given how the creatures' bodies have come to be commonly harnessed post-mortem (read below), such a comparison's rise to prominent recognition was all-but-inevitable in hindsight.
An Etchfulber's main set of arms can accurately be considered as one-and-the-same with its legs, in the sense that the beast does not, in fact, have any limbs of the latter variety, and relies on the former both to carry the bulk of its own considerable weight and for the usual purposes assigned to arms that accompany actual legs. To elaborate: the Etchfulber walks upon four muscular, fuzzy-haired primary arms, protruding from each upper-corner of its torso and ending in five-fingered, typically fist-clenched hands of multicolored crystalline composition (which are actually the creature's most densely-compacted body parts of all), while also boasting pairs of smaller, more flexible four-fingered claw-bearing arms positioned just below its faces and used primarily for scooping things into its mouths. Regarding the use of plurals in the preceding sentence, the Etchfulber does indeed possess two identical faces at opposite ends of its body, with the anus mutually led to by both mouths' digestive tracts existing as a gaping hole located on its underside halfway across the length between them. This also conveniently allows excrement to be deposited downward at a straight angle, falling directly onto the ground while seldom leaving any residue stuck to the Etchfulber's body due it lacking buttocks as well as having very moistly slippery flesh in general. Note that, like other mortal beings with multiple visible heads and/or faces, the Etchfulber still possesses only one consciousness between them, with its singular brain residing at the top-center of its overall main body, more-or-less vertically-opposite (directly above) the animal's previously (and rather-gratuitously; we hereby apologize for any disgusting images brought to anyone's mind there) described anus. The entirety of an Etchfulber's body is of extremely low (by standards of living organic matter) natural temperature, even compared to other Alfriidenizens, giving much of its form an ice-like, "frozen" quality which increases its effective resilience in some respects but also renders it weak against heat-force and certain applications of physical trauma that may lead to shattering. All in all, the beast's durability value is close to an even 800, with little variation in this statistic between specimens.
A slow-moving as well as slow-witted organism that does little more than eat and sleep, the Etchfulber is ultimately most notable not for any facet of its own behavior or even for its inherent physiology (which is admittedly very peculiar), but rather for the extremely unique way in which its bodily matter has come to be utilized by others, namely the humanoid Spepescuos, as a long-lasting preserving and cooling material superior to purified ice. The specific form of tissue harvested to this end comes mainly from the skeletal muscle found in the upper-flanks of the Etchfulber's bulky torso, and must be specially prepared and treated via a process that only Shepescuos know the secret to before it can be properly used in such a way. Over the last few centuries, the Shepescuos, whose people once reserved this resource for their own use exclusively, have increasingly recognized, and taken advantage of, the profitability of selling it to interplanetary traders as an "exotic" or even "collectible" commodity, a business that stands as their mostly-isolated and somewhat ill-reputed race's most prominent venue of interaction with others in the greater Prime Galaxy today. The Etchfulber population, meanwhile, has declined significantly as of late as a clear result of this practice's growing lucrativeness, although as of yet, the species itself has not reached the point of depletion necessary for it to become officially classified as endangered and accordingly protected from further destructive exploitation.
• Quottynorb: A semi-amphibious (that is, capable of underwater respiration but physically unfit for adequately traversing submerged terrains and having no need to ever do so), quasi-reptilian and otherwise unclassified creature, the Quottynorb is one of the larger, yet functionally less prominent, predatory animals of the Virslaglish ecosystem, being found most commonly in areas of lower elevation relative to sea level. It is most readily recognizable by its vertically-elongated (read: tall) cranium whose face bears four large eyeballs and a nasal system externally manifested as what amounts to three visible noses, as well as by the set of five legs - a very rare specific number of such limbs for any organism to have - by which the rest of its body is supported. Quottynorbs are asocial and generally unfriendly beings, with each specimen living and hunting on its own and the beasts' mating rituals and periods of active parenthood both being relatively short-term commitments; their disposition towards Hexpultis and most other humanoids, meanwhile, is such that they will give warning in the form of a low-pitched, gurgling growling at the sight of one or more in their vicinity before attacking if approached any further. Intelligence-wise, the Quottynorb is competently-coordinated but uninspired, displaying surprisingly above-average situational judgment and cunning throughout its constant endeavors to fulfill its own basic needs as an animal, yet lacking any drive to utilize that intuition toward more sophisticated (even by wildlife standards) ends such as teamwork with other specimens, construction of more substantial shelter for itself and the use of objects in its surroundings as tools. This self-limiting mentality is demonstrated most evidently through the less-than-optimal capacity in which the most unique built-in asset of the Quottynorb organism, that being the presence of long osseous rods holstered within the lengths of either of its arms that can be partly or wholly unsheathed from beneath the wrists at will, and likewise-discretionarily charged with deadly (to all but their own user) heat energy of nearly molten intensity, is used for purposes of violent aggression alone. The Quottynorb simply never thinks, or doesn't care, to utilize this remarkable mechanism for anything more creative or ambitious, such as using its rods to reach high-placed objects or cooking its food via fire manually generated by their heat. Quottynorbs never live for more than fifty years, with this limit to their lifespan being far stricter than for most other mortal beings, to the point of natural death from age occurring extremely abruptly, with no externally-discernible warning signs or "slowing down" of the animal's apparent functioning beforehand. Some have even been witnessed to stop literally dead in their tracks, slumping over in place after having appeared to be moving around healthily mere moments prior.
Grown Quottynorbs measure up to a median height of roughly two meters, therefore standing close-to-evenly with most of the Hexpultis warriors who are, naturally, the humanoids they come into contact with most commonly by far, and are comparably sturdy as well, with their durability values typically ranging between 900 and 1,100. The meat of the beasts is edible to the humanoids but not considered a delicacy by them, and as such the former are hunted for food resources by the latter occasionally but not regularly. Somewhat conversely, while neither Quottynorbs nor the insectoid Zinnktoses - Virslagly's most infamous predators - can actually gain nourishment from the other's flesh, the two creatures are innately hostile to one another all the same, with the former being vastly more powerful individually but the latter possessing strength in just-as-vastly greater numbers whenever they fight. Although all attempts by other beings to directly salvage and harness the Quottynorb's heated polearms have proven fruitless, Hexpultis engineers have nevertheless managed to construct their own high-temperature, retractable melee armaments inspired by and bearing decent physical and functional semblance to them, which have in turn been imitated by other weapon-crafters in galactic society.
• Wurkenko: Known as the largest of all beast-hominid varieties, the Wurkenko is a sparsely-populated (per natural status quo) species indigenous and exclusive to Barserinv, among whose resident creatures it is the most massive by a considerable margin. Standing up to eight meters when fully-upright (but more often than not encountered in hunched-over, crouching or even fully-doubled-down posture, frequently out of necessity so as not to bump its head into ceilings), it is a reclusive woodland-dwelling mammal with a habitual affinity for making its home in and around large naturally-formed caves found amid such environments, which seem, quite conveniently for it, to be rather inexplicably plentiful throughout most of Barserinv's regions. Wurkenkos are, furthermore, highly resourceful and creative - insomuch as unenlightened, wild creatures of their nature can be - when it comes to their living arrangements and the "furbishing" thereof, commonly clearing out trees and such from the areas surrounding their lairs so as to give them selves more room to comfortably roam around in, as well as building rudimentary structures from boulders, tree trunks, etc. to exteriorly supplement their dens. Predictably given these tendencies, they are also fiercely and selfishly territorial, leading to many a lesser animal being driven from its home when one of them decides to move into the area, but somewhat paradoxically in spite of this, they never maintain a single residence for the whole duration of their generous natural lifespan of approximately eighty years. Rather, the average Wurkenko voluntarily resettles itself at least three or four times, entirely abandoning everything of its previous home on each such occasion, over the course of its existence, providing it does not die prematurely, which is rare thanks to its species' innately great physical strength and durability (valued at 3,500-4,000). It is also during these periods of searching for new dwellings that most of the mating between Wurkenkos occurs, with the males involved resuming on their solitary ways shortly after the act of procreation and the mothers alone being responsible thereafter for the raising of their young, which generally lasts for the first four-to-six years of young specimens' lives. Though being strictly herbivorous, and one of the largest and most formidable animals in the whole of the galaxy to exhibit this dietary attribute, the Wurkenko is (to some extent justifiably, given its great size and proportionately high needs for sustenance) a very greedy beast whose thriving presence in an area can end up posing a threat to other, competing smaller local life-forms all the same, namely by monopolizing the territory and resources of a local area as mentioned above.
As far as physical attributes go, Wurkenkos bear thick and heavy hair, most of it greenish in coloration, upon the majority of their bodies' surfaces, but unlike most other prominently hairy organisms, they ultimately do not rely on it for any sort of major protection, having consistently tough and strong leathery skin that would be more-than-sufficient for them to withstand any and all harsh elements occurring in their natural habitats even if they were completely bald. Of particular visual strikingness, albeit equally-superfluous in practice, are the deep-blue tufts of extra-coarse fur that cover the dorsal surfaces of the Wurkenko's forearms, from the elbows to the knuckles of its four-fingered paws; if anything, this feature could be considered to serve as an aesthetic "accentuation" of sorts to the gangly-armed beast's punching ability, which is indeed massively powerful and its primary asset in terms of attacking. Easily the Wurkenko form's most distinctive feature of all, though, is what Kierraplips and other humanoid witnesses to the animal have popularly labelled as its "crown", consisting of six tall, straight-standing and nigh-unbreakably sturdy horns surrounding a large fleshy "bump" in encircling formation upon the otherwise-flat top-surface of its noggin. This is seen, as one might already guess based on the aforementioned "crown" terminology alone, to physically symbolize the Wurkenko's dominant role as "king" of Barserinv's wilds.
Pics from various XML code just made up out of copied parts. Made it up to 400 nodes. Some were pre-auto adjusting node size.
"But who polices that police police?"
This is a linguistics joke:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buf...
From my animation "Police Show Commercial": www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdyY1qR6gps
Almost all biomedical ontologies are either simple tree structures that represent hierarchical classifications or directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The difference is that the latter allows a term to be related to multiple broader tems (green arrows) whereas the former does not. Directed cyclic graphs are very rarely used for ontologies; the reason is that cycles (red arrows) can only arise in ontologies that make use of other relationships than is-a and part-of are used [28]. We illustrate each structure with simplified examples, namely an ontology of vertebrates, an ontology of cellular components, and an ontology of cell-cycle regulation that shows the mutual regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000374.g001
Taken from Figure 1 of Ontologies in Quantitative Biology by Lars Juhl Jensen and Peer Bork
(page 3 of 5)
We are, therefore, sending this appeal to each member of the Irish Hierarchy, who will, we trust, take it as coming not so much from us as from the Catholic Soldiers in France, and in the East, who cannot themselves voice their claims and wishes.
Signatures
His Hon. Judge Brereton Barry, K.C., Langara, Glengeary, Co Dublin.
Philip Harold-Barry, J.P., Ballyyellis, Buttevant, Co. Cork
Sir Henry Bellington, Bart., H.M.J., Bellingham Castle, Co. Louth.
William Bergin, M.A., Professor of Physics, University College, Cork.
Thomas Boylan, J.P., Hilltown, Drogheda.
Edward T Boylan, Lieut., R.H.A.
Francis M Boylan.
Stephen J. Brown, Ard Caein, Co. Kildare.
Thomas Butler, 97 Baggot Street, Dublin
George Byrne, 30 Elgin Road, Dublin.
Sir Arthur Chance, F.R.C.S.I., 90 Merrion Square, Dublin.
Elias B. Corbally, Rathbeal Hall, Swords, Co. Dublin.
Right Hon. Micheal F. Fox, P.C., M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P.I., 26 Merrion Square, Dublin.
Col. Gerald Dease, D.L., J.P., Turbotstown, Co. Westmeath.
Edmund F. Dease, J.P., Culmullen, Drumree, Co Meath.
Sir Henry Doran, Clonard, Terenure, Co. Dublin.
John T. Dudley, 60 Wellington Road, Dublin.
P. J. Davy, Killaghbeg, Galway.
J. O’Dowd Egan.
Capt. John Edward Farrell, D.L., Moynalty House, Co. Meath.
William Gallwey, J.P., Rockfield, Tramore, Co. Waterford.
His Hon. Judge George C. Green, K.C., Herberton, Blackrock, Co. Dublin.
Stephen Greham, D.L., Clonmeen, Banteer, Co. Cork.
Brig.-General Dayrell T. Hammond, C.B., Curragh Camp.
Sir Henry Harrington, Kt., Commissioner of National Education, Co. Cork.
Raoul Joyce, Glenina, Galway.
Earl Of Kenmare, Killarney House, Co. Kerry.
Surgeon Lieut.-Col. C. R. Kilkelly, Grenadier Guards, Drimcong, Moycullen, Co.
Galway
F. St. John Lacy, F.R.A.M., Professor of Music, University College, Cork.
T. J. Leary, High Sheriff, Woodford, Mallow, Co. Cork.
C. E. T. Leslie, J.P., Killowen, Co. Down.
Sir John P. Lynch, Belfield, Stillorgan Road, Dublin.
James Mahony, 7 Raglan Road, Dublin.
George Mansfield, H.M., Vice-Lieutenant, Morristown-Lattin, Naas, Co. Kildare.
C. O. Martin, 28 Clyde Road, Dublin.
J. M. Maxwell, J.P., Roxboro’ Road, Dublin.
P. J. Merriman, M.A., Professor of History and Registrar, University College, Cork.
M. J. Minch, Clonfadda, Blackrock, Dublin.
Joseph Mooney, Cabra Lodge, Dublin.
Sir Walter Nugent, Bart., M.P., Donore, Co. Westmeath.
J. R. O’Brien, 6 Lesson Park, Dublin.
Sir Morgan O’Connell, Bart., D.L., Lakeview, Killarney.
Sir John R. O’Connell, M.A., Ll.D., 34 Kildare Street, Dublin.
John O’Conor, Solicitor, Congested Districts Board, 4 New Brighton, Monkstown.
O’Conor Don, H.M.L., Clonalis, Castlerea, Co. Roscommon.
Charles H. O’Conor, Taney House, Dundrum, Dublin.
Thomas A. O’Farrell, 30 Landsdowne Road, Dublin.
Richard O’Hagen, Killowen, Co.Down.
Major John Ed. Loftus, Machine Gun Corps., Mount Loftus, Co. Kilkenny.
Sir Albert Meldon, Knt, J.P., Vevay House, Bray.
Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Molony, 35 Fitswilliam Place, Dublin.
The MacDermot, D.L., Coolavin, Co. Sligo.
Major John Murray, XIV Hussars.
John O’Neill, J.P., The Pointneb, Killowen, Co. Down.
P. J. O’Neill, J.P., Chairman, Co Dublin Co. Council, Kinsealy House, Malahide.
Joseph O’Reilly, D.L., Sans Souci, Booterstown, Co. Dublin.
P. J. O’Sullivan, M.D. Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, University College, Cork.
Rt. Hon. Christopher Palles, P.C., Mount Anville House, Dundrum, Co. Dublin.
Thomas L. Plunkett, D.L., Portmarnock House, Co. Dublin.
(Mrs) A. Purcell, Buttevant , Co. Cork.
Sir John Ross Of Bladensburg, K.C.B., D.L., Rostrever House, Co Down.
William Ryan, Anerly, Cowper Road, Dublin.
George Ryan, D.L., Inch, Thurles, Co. Tipperary.
Mary Ryan, M.A., Professor, Romance Languages, University College, Cork.
Fras. S. Sheridan, 7 Pembroke Road, Dublin.
J. Smiddy, M.A., Professor of Economics and Warden of Honan Hostel, University
College, Cork.
Alfred Smith, F.R.C.S.I., 30 Merrion Square, Dublin.
Joseph Smyth, J.P., M.D., Green Awn, Gowra, Naas.
Sir Thomas Stafford, Bart, D.L., Rockinghan, Co. Roscommon.
J. Gaiaford St. Lawrence, D.L., Howth Castle, Co. Dublin.
James M. Sweetman, K.C., J.P., Longtown, Sallins, Co. Kildare.
Mary P. Synnott, Innismmore, Glenigeary, Co. Dublin.
Nicholas J. Synnott, J.P., Furness, Naas, Co. Kildare.
Thomas Tyrrell, Castleknock, Co. Dublin.
J. Chester Walsh, R.F.C.
Sir Bertram C. A. Windle, Kt., K.S.G, President, University College, Cork,
Vice-Chancellor, N.U.I.
W. J. Walsh, J.P., Kingswood, Clondalkin, Co. Dublin.
Sir Thomas Talbot Power, Bart., Thornhill, Stillorgan.
Lewis Farrell, 34 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin, Director, John Power & Sons, Ltd.
Martin Fitzgerald, J.P. Ardilree, Dundrum, Co Dublin.
C. Fortrell, 4 Raglan Road, Dublin.
Edward J. Andrews, 18 Belgrave Square, Rathmines.
Bernard Jas. Mcdonnell, Monte Rosa. Dalkey.
George Power Lalor, J.P., Long Orchard, Templemore.
W.G. De La Poer, J.P., Long Orchard, Templemore.
John Delany Cook, J.P., Brownstown, Templemore.
Major J. S. Cape, R.F.A., Ballymanny, Newbridge.
R. J. Kelly, K.C., 45 Wellington Road, Dublin.
Frederica S. Chevers, Killyan, Balinasloe.
John J. Chevers, D.L., Killyan, Balinasloe.
Walter J. O’Kelly, J.P., Knockavannie, Tuam,
(Mrs) L. A. D’arcy, New Forrest, Ballinamore Bridge, Co. Galway.
(Mrs) J. Julia C. A. Daly, Oriel Temple, Co. Louth.
James M. Magee, J.P., Chairman, Bray U.D.C.
D. J. Roantree, M.B. B.Ch., Bray U.D.C.
Hugh Thos. O’Carroll, Bray U.D.C.
Joseph M. Reigh, J.P., M.C.C., P.L.G., Bray U.D.C.
Martin Langton, J.P., M.C.C., P.L.G., Bray U.D.C.
J. G. Marnan, Barrister-at-Law.
John J. L. Murphy, Solicitor.
H. J. Raverty, M.B., D.P.H.
John Bergin, P.L.G., M.D.C.
Denis Mullally, Town Clerk, Bray.
Malachy Mackey, U.D.C.
James Carberry, P.L.G.
Sir James Murphy, Bart., D.L., Yapton, Monkstown, Co. Dublin.
W. Fitzgerald, 13 Raglan Road, Dublin.
J. St. John Coleman, 42 Belgrave Square, Rathmnes.
Jos. X. Murphy, 10 Clyde Road, Dublin.
N. Comyn, J.P., Ballinderry, Co. Galway.
J. M. Comyn, Ballinderry, Co. Galway.
N. O’C. Comyn, J.P., Ballinderry, Co. Galway.
Lt.-Col. L. G. Esmore, Commanding, 11th R. Dublin Fusiliers.
Capt. John I. Esmonde, 10th R. D. Fusiliers, M.P., British Expeditionary Force.
Major P. H. O’Hara, 11th R. Dublin Fusiliers.
Rt. Hon. W. Kenny, Judge of The High Court Of Justice, Marlfield, Cabinteely,
Co. Dublin.
David Sherlock, D.L., J.P. Barrister-at-Law, Rahan, Kings County.
Pics from various XML code just made up out of copied parts. Made it up to 400 nodes. Some were pre-auto adjusting node size.
To facilitate broad-based innovation in teaching and learning, library & IT organizations must first address a hierarchy of faculty needs.
This concept was shared in the February 15, 2012 presentation, "Setting the Stage for Success: A Discussion of Insights from the MISO Survey" at the ELI 2012 Annual Meeting. It has also been presented in an EDU-ISIS seminar session, presented on July 20, 2012.
Concept: Kevin J.T. Creamer
Design: Hil Scott
The Entrepreneur SuperStar Success Hierarcy by Jennie Armato
Why-To and How-To Implement Your Own Hierarchy of Entrepreneur Success is the foundation of the teachings at Jen's upcoming Live Event "The Entrepreneur SuperStar Intensive".
At this event, you will learn HOW to construct and implement your own Sustainable Income Success Hierarcy, following a Proven Blueprint.
25-27 February 2011, Melbourne Australia.
Registration opens soon, mark the dates in your diary NOW! Attendees numbers ARE Limited.
Bonus Closed-door Mastermind on 28 Feb, only for affiliates (you have to reward loyalty, it's your greatest honor).
IF YOU DIG IT, SHARE IT, I'LL LOVE YOU FOR IT!
Above the shields of the nobility are bishops and abbots, saints, apostles and angels.
The Great East Window, Gloucester Cathedral.
Here is an infographic that depicts information about hierarchical structure of two top internet giants, Facebook and Google. It briefs about the roles of various professionals divided in to various departments. It also states the list of directors working under a CEO with strong leader ship qualities working with a aim to dominate the internet world.
Image of one of Wolfgang Bauer's pieces from the upcoming exhibition 'Spring Awakenings', May 2007, at Found Gallery. See www.foundla.com for more information.
Highlighted "Opera" as the key term for this poster since the word itself can attract opera enthusiasts quicker. Paraphrased some of the sentences to make it more fluid and less formal.
In 2009, Walmart started using the U.S. EPA Food Waste Hierarchy to guide our efforts for identifying solutions for excess food at our stores and clubs. Today, the majority of the excess food is donated to the Feeding America program. Feeding America manages incoming food and delivers it to food banks in every state throughout the U.S., making it a great partner for Walmart. In 2009, Walmart donated more than 127 million pounds of food to the program, which was distributed to families in need across the nation.
Climate science is often confusing. However, there are a number of relatively simple ways to frame the issue.
This diagram includes the main elements of climate science, moving from emissions to impacts. It also includes, in the coloured boxes, elements that are often overlooked or forgotten by non-scientists.
094253 Jack Reyes
Inspiration from banderitas and kites...kids to represent when creativity is at its peak
danielsolisblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/hierarchy-of-interfa...
Hierarchy of Interface for Tabletop Games as observed by John Stavropoulos
TOOLS
The actual components of play, like character sheets, cheat sheets, boards and bits.
TEXT
The actual documented rules and how they are presented, including exact wording, procedures and game terms.
RULES
The parameters of play as best recalled by the players. Less formal than text, but more formal than the basic design intent.
INTENT
The assumptions of how a game would be played, often expressed directly by the designer with minimal formal documentation.
Source:
“This is why I feel game interfaces (character sheets, cheat sheets) are more important than rules text and rules text is more important than rules and rules are more important than design intent when it comes to actual play... we generally can’t assume players will read the rules, that GMs won’t remember more than 5-7 distinct pieces of information at a time without reference, and if we don’t provide teaching tools, that the game will be taught correctly.”
plus.google.com/u/0/111266966448135449970/posts/aqxmnLe61rg
DESIGN: Daniel Solis — danielsolis.com
“Dice,” “Pencil” symbol from The Noun Project collection.
“Paper” symbol by Tom Schott, from The Noun Project collection.
“Quote” symbol by Henry Ryder, from The Noun Project collection.
“Note” symbol by Brendan Lynch, from the Noune Project collection.
“Pawn” symbol by Kenneth Von Alt, from The Noun Project collection.
“Dialog” symbol by Dima Yagnyuk, from The Noun Project collection.
had these old mattresses sitting outside my house, to be thrown away, and I knew I had to do something eccentric! Its almost the reverse of this photo shot from the window I was posing in. Instead though, it was much darker and had a sense of 'a fall' the construction overalls innocence, I am also doing a photo every week of the construction site and going to put them together! I'm VERY behind on putting them together, so I will have to spend a day doing that XD
Pics from various XML code just made up out of copied parts. Made it up to 400 nodes. Some were pre-auto adjusting node size.
Pics from various XML code just made up out of copied parts. Made it up to 400 nodes. Some were pre-auto adjusting node size.
D’Auguste Rodin à Duane Hanson, de Georg Baselitz à Ana Mendieta, de David Hammons à Marlene Dumas, d’Arthur Jafa à Ali Cherri, une quarantaine d’artistes explore, à travers la peinture, la sculpture, la photographie, la vidéo et le dessin, les liens entre le corps et l’esprit.
« Dans les courbes matricielles de la Bourse de Commerce, en un écho à la ronde des corps habitant le vaste panorama peint ceinturant le dôme de verre du bâtiment, l’exposition “Corps et âmes“ sonde, à travers les œuvres d’une quarantaine d’artistes de la Collection Pinault, la prégnance du corps dans la pensée contemporaine. Libéré de tout carcan mimétique, le corps qu’il soit photographié, dessiné, sculpté, filmé ou peint ne cesse de se réinventer, conférant à l’art une organicité essentielle lui permettant, tel un cordon ombilical, de prendre le pouls du corps et de l’âme humaine.
L’art se saisit des énergies, des flux vitaux de la pensée et de la vie intérieure, pour inviter à une expérience engagée et humaniste de l’altérité. Les formes se métamorphosent, renouent avec la figuration ou s’en affranchissent pour se saisir, retenir et laisser affleurer l’âme et la conscience. Il s’agit non plus d’incarner des formes mais de capturer des forces et de rendre visible ce qui est enfoui, invisible, d’éclairer les ombres. Dans la Rotonde, l’œuvre d’Arthur Jafa Love is the Message, the Message is Death transforme l’espace en une caisse de résonance de la musique et de l’engagement des icônes africaines-américaines, Martin Luther King Jr, Jimi Hendrix, Barack Obama, Beyoncé, leur conférant une portée universelle.
En résonance avec l’exposition, une riche programmation musicale fait de “Corps et âmes“ un événement polyphonique. » Emma Lavigne, directrice générale de la Collection, conservatrice générale.
Avec : Georges Adéagbo / Terry Adkins / Gideon Appah / Diane & Allan Arbus / Michael Armitage / Richard Avedon / Georg Baselitz / Cecilia Bengolea / Constantin Brancusi / Miriam Cahn / Claude Cahun / Ali Cherri / Peter Doig / Marlene Dumas / Robert Frank / Latoya Ruby Frazier / Philip Guston / Anna Halprin & Seth Hill / David Hammons / Duane Hanson / Kudzanai‑Violet Hwami / Anne Imhof / Arthur Jafa / William Kentridge / Deana Lawson / Sherrie Levine / Kerry James Marshall / Ana Mendieta / Zanele Muholi / Senga Nengudi / Antonio Obá / Irving Penn / Man Ray / Robin Rhode / Auguste Rodin / Niki De Saint Phalle / Mira Schor / Lorna Simpson / Wolfgang Tillmans / Kara Walker / Lynette Yiadom-Boakye
Commissariat général : Emma Lavigne, directrice générale de la Collection, conservatrice générale
www.pinaultcollection.com/fr/boursedecommerce/corps-et-ames
“Therefore [in the sexual alchemical copulation] shall the Ish איש [the י Iod, the tithe, the shakti potential, of the fire אש] leave [ יה Jah] his father and his mother [sperm and ovum, their physical receptacles], and [up along the spine] shall [the י Iod, the tithe, open the womb, the spine and] cleave to [the head as Hei or אשה Isha, the Kundalini, the Serpent of Brass] his wife: and they [Ish and Isha, איש ו אשה , the fire of יה Jah, Abba and Aima Elohim] shall be one [fire in the ו Vav of husband and wife, that is, in the spinal medulla of their Hei, their] flesh [their physicality]. - Genesis 2: 24
The twelfth precept is to first by means of sexual alchemy bring up your spine the shakti potential of the fruits of Daath (tree of knowledge) and thereafter radiate the Light — that is, the fruits of Chaim, the tree of life — in all the areas of our life, as a true blessing for all humanity. Thus, in the evening, we perform the positive sexual connection of יה Jah with our חוה Chavah, for such an alchemical transmutation will be the seed given force for the rest of the day, given that the evening and the morning are one day; therefore:
יום ליום יביע אמר ולילה ללילה יחוה דעת
"Day after day utter a speech, and night after night experience knowledge.” - Psalm 19: 2
What the former psalm states is our alchemical duty. Since this is what we alchemists do, day after day we utter the doctrine, and when we go and practice sexual alchemy night after night, we experience knowledge (daath, gnosis).
“What, in fact, does man know? Nothing, and at the same time he is allowed to ignore nothing. Devoid of knowledge, he is called upon to know all. Now, knowledge supposes the duad – a being who knows and an object known. The duad is the generator of society and of law: it is also the number of Gnosis. The duad is unity multiplying itself in order to create, and hence in sacred symbolism Eve issues from the inmost bosom of Adam. Adam is the human tetragram, summed up in the mysterious IOD, type of the kabbalistic phallus. By adding to this IOD the triadic name of Eve, the name of Jehovah is formed, the Divine Tetragram, which is eminently the kabbalistic and magical word, יהוה, being that which the high-priest in the temple pronounced IODCHAVAH.” - Eliphas Levi
glorian.org/learn/courses-and-lectures/precepts-of-alchem...
THE MAJOR THREE: SALT-SULPHUR-MERCURY
Sun and moon engender mercury via sulphur and salt.
(Paracelsus)
INTRODUCTION
I will start this chapter with an expansion on the core of this study, namely: exposing the opera's alchemical structure. The previous chapters have already provided several alchemical preludes and overtures, especially chapter 2, but until now there has been no systematic analysis. As I have argued before, Die Zauberfliite in its entirety is anembodiment and representation of the magnum opus: impure substances are treated in a process of transmutation with the sole purpose of creating the philosophers' stone, among other names also known as the stone if the sages. The focus of this chapter and the next is on these substances. Next I will scrutinize the individual phases of the process itself. But first I will stage the dramatis personae themselves,
followed by their mutual drama. This approach incidentally closely resembles the actual work of the alchemist. First he works to prepare the individual substances into as pure a state as possible. Only after he has achieved this will he start their further treatment, processing and transmutation into a new and noble product. The main substances are salt, sulphur and mercury. In the chapter on the Rosicrucians I have already drawn attention to the alchemy of the three principles. Before discussing the tria principia, I would like to say the following. From this point on we are going to be fully immersed in the conceptual and philosophical world of the alchemists at the end of the 18th century. Their concepts will at first glance seem odd, and from a modern day empirical scientific perspective they have either partially and in other cases been completely
superseded. In this study I am attempting to reflect and render their particular world view and conception of the human condition. I have emphasized "reflect and render" because I am not interested in providing a contemporary interpretation of that world view and conception. The brilliant contemporary interpretation of alchemy Jung has given us, with the help of depth-psychological categories, would probably have sounded just as strange to the alchemists as their theories do to us today. What I do want to retrieve is what the makers of Die Zaubeifliite themselves had in mind when using these images, in such
a way that they could easily identify with my representation. What in my opinion does belong to this representation is their interpretation of alchemical terms, which is, as I have mentioned before, highly Paracelsean. And it was exactly this spiritual interpretation that the makers of the opera were after. They have a specific intention when representing mercury for example. And it is this intention that I reflect and render, even though I myself may sometimes think that Jung's vision on mercury is a far more balanced one. It is however not at all my intention to suggest in any way that Mozart and Schikaneder would have been depth psychologists avant la date. II will now turn to the subject of this chapter. The conviction that "all good things come in threes" can already be found in Plato. He states that two terms by themselves can never form a composition without the aid of a third. If there is to be a connection between two elements then one way or another that requires a linking factor. 2 It is astounding to see just how the number 3 claims a central
position time and again in all cultures, but decidedly so in our
Western culture. After one ... two ... three ... things happen!
The singular divine mystery is experienced as a threefold deity (in Christianity as father, son and spirit), man himself consists of three dimensions (body, soul and spirit), nature knows three realms (mineral, vegetable and animal) and the mineral world in its turn is made up of three fundamental principles: salt, sulphur and mercury. From an alchemical perspective, that which exists below also exists above, and vice versa. Celestial and terrestrial forces....
brill.com/display/book/9789004496545/B9789004496545_s009.xml
Paracelsus was one of the greatest minds of the Renaissance due to his contribution to the field of science and medicine. However, what is often overlooked in the historical narrative is his theology and how this is manifested in his scientific works. Born in Einsiedeln, Switzerland as Phillipus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim in the early 1490s, Paracelsus was exposed to the practice of medicine through his father, a physician. In addition, local monks bolstered his education by teaching him Catholic theology, as well as ideas common in medieval magic and mysticism. With this mish-mosh of various, and at times, opposing ideas Paracelsus developed and pioneered the use of chemical medicine, focusing on the use of salts and minerals to cure diseases of the body. Taken at face value, his medical framework reads much like an extension of medieval alchemy. However, theological ideas are firmly ground in them. Upon close inspection of Paracelsus’ beliefs on the creation of man and universe, one finds that the tripartite view of creation has massive repercussions on his own scientific developments. Paracelsus’ chemical basis of matter, called tria prima (salt, sulfur, and mercury), reflects this tripartite view as well, grounded on Paracelsus’ own understanding of the Holy Trinity. Broadly, it is Paracelsus’ theology that is the main influence on his writings and scientific frameworks.
Paracelsus’ conception of creation of man deviates slightly from Old Testament views, and most importantly, implicates a unique microcosm-macrocosm relationship between man and the universe. The Catholic Church’s teachings of the time enforced that God created the world and mankind ex nihilo, or out of nothing.[1] Paracelsus offered up a similar explanation but he deviated from tradition in that he believed that though God created the universe out of nothing, God created man out of a pre-existing substance.
Man was not born out of nothingness, but was made from a substance . . . God took the limus terrae, the primordial stuff of the earth, and formed man out of this mass . . . limus terrae is also the Great World, and thus man was created from heaven and earth. Limus terrae is an extract of the firmament, of the universe of stars, and at the same time of all the elements.[2]It is explicit here that Paracelsus believes that mankind was created from limus terrae, a deviation from established Catholic teaching. This only hints at Paracelsus’ negative view of Catholic teachings and the Catholic Church as an institution at the time, which will be explained later. What is more interesting, however, is how the limus terrae effectively positions mankind in the context of the greater universe. By stating that man was created from the same substance as the elements, heaven, and earth, man was thus a reflection of the universe itself. Paracelsus describes man as being a microcosm of the greater universe, compacted into the body and covered in skin, due to man being of the same substance as the greater world.[3] The idea of man as a microcosm, and how it interrelates with the macrocosm is prevalent in most of Paracelsus’ writings, and provides the basis for much of his medical framework. This microcosm-macrocosm belief is not unique to Paracelsus since it was a commonly held belief of most alchemists, and other Renaissance thinkers. For one, Marisilio Ficino was one of the forerunners in the practice of medical astrology, and he highly emphasized the interaction of the body and universe and the effect of the stars on health, which highlights the microcosm-macrocosm concept.[4] How then does Paracelsus’ microcosm-macrocosm concept differ from the other minds of his time? The answer lies in God’s conception of man. As said before, Paracelsus believed that God fashioned man out of limus terrae, but more importantly, God fashioned man in His image. This is an age-old idea in Christian theology, but Paracelsus utilized the concept of images as an imprint of the maker’s likeness to expand his ideas on the nature of mankind.
German Renaissance historian, Andrew Weeks suggests that the idea of images is a unifying theological concept in Paracelsian works. Weeks explain that since man was made in the image of God, man also possesses a kind of tripartite nature like that of God’s (Father, Son, Holy Sprit). “The human creature is also heaven and earth, visible and invisible, and a threefold being of body, sidereal spirit, and soul of the eternal spirit and breath of life.”[5] Here, Weeks validates the idea of the microcosm-macrocosm in Paracelsus’ works since humans reflect the “heaven and earth.” He also suggests the tripartite nature of man in that he is composed of the body, which represents that which is solid and visible, the spirit, which represents the intangible and invisible, and the soul, which represents the principle that galvanizes the two together into a cohesive being. It is in Paracelsus’ own theology about creation as images that one receives a clear picture of how he viewed the nature of man. This idea is especially present in the following excerpt from Astronomia Magna in Weeks’ Paracelsus.
… neither I nor anyone else, can or may know of the image of God, as it is, except for what we understand and abstract from Christ and Scripture . . . it is no less the case that God is the person. In as much as the person is, there is also an image, for a person cannot be without image and image is a form and figure.[6]
Here, the reader is exposed to Paracelsus’ explanation of how Scripture and Christ are used as tools to gain some understanding of who God is. This is particularly interesting since in Christian theology, Christ was the physical manifestation of God and the Scripture is said to contain the Holy Spirit and can be accessed by careful reading. These two represent the “body” and the “spirit,” and God is left as the third and final part of the Holy Trinity. Furthermore, the latter part of the passage affirms the idea that man is an image of God. Thus, these ideas can be applied to each other and it can be gleaned that mankind is tripartite in nature for he is made from God’s image. Here, it is clear how important of a role that theology, specifically Paracelsus’ own theology, plays in his conception of the world around him.
It is important to consider how the tripartite view of human nature effectively developed Paracelsus’ views on the natural world, and ultimately, the chemical principles that facilitate the natural world’s processes. The intellectual historian, Charles Webster extends the tripartite principle into nature, suggesting that Paracelsus also viewed that everything that existed in the natural world was also comprised of three entities.[7] In Paracelsus’ mind, the tripartite view of nature was acceptable not out of convenience, but with the logical deduction that since God was the maker of the natural world, surely the maker would also impart a Trinitarian principle in it, just like with the creation of man.[8] Thus, if the microcosm-macrocosm principle still holds and the entirety of creation was comprised of three entities, it is no surprise that Paracelsus developed a tripartite view of the chemical basis of matter. Called the tria prima, Paracelsus utilized the salt, mercury and sulfur as the three key substances. Heaven and earth have been created out of nothingness, but they are composed of three things – mercurius [mercury], sulphur [sulfur], and sal [salt] . . . Of these same three things the planets and all the stars consist; and not only the stars but all bodies that grow and are born from them. And just as the Great World [macrocosm] is thus built upon the three primordial substances, so man – the Little World [microcosm] – was composed of the same substances. Thus man, too, is nothing but mercury, sulphur and salt.[9]
As Paracelsus outlined in a passage above from Astronomia Magna, he utilized the idea of the microcosm-macrocosm to suggest that man is composed of the tria prima since the stars and everything else in the macrocosm is composed of these three substances as well. These three substances were not completely radical. Medieval alchemists have long since recognized their importance, mercury in particular for its transformative ability to not only exist as a shiny metal in coloring, but it also has the viscosity and movement of a liquid.[10] In this regard, Paracelsus’ incorporation of mercury and sulfur into his chemical theory was not particularly groundbreaking. However, what is innovative about the tria prima is the fact that salt is given equal importance as the other two. Biblically, salt is given great importance in the Old Testament in that it was one of the vital components in performing ritual sacrifices to God.[11] Thus, Paracelsus incorporated salt in his tria prima due to its inherent biblical authority. Furthermore, Paracelsus discredited the hierarchy that medieval alchemists placed on these elements. By doing this, each component is given equal importance, which emphasized the Trinitarian nature of the tria prima in that each substance was equally vital in unity.[12] His reliance on theological canon to give credibility to his principles is evident. It is in this regard that Paracelsus truly differed from his medieval predecessors.
The tria prima not only explained the physical composition of the natural world, but it also explained it in terms of qualities, and it is these qualities that also facilitated the understanding of how diseases worked within the human body. In addition, the tria prima’s qualities also reflect an understanding of the Holy Trinity. Physically, the tria prima’s physical attributes did not differ from the established alchemical knowledge. However, Paracelsus ascribed the three substances with specific characteristics. Mercury had the quality of mystery, spirituosity, and power; salt had the quality of coagulation and preservation, and sulfur had the quality of substance and solidity.[13] With these qualities in mind, Paracelsus argued in On the Miners’ Sickness and Other Miners’ Diseases (1538) that diseases came to be (in particular, a lung disease specific to miners) as a result of manifesting these qualities.
Know then also concerning the lung-sickness that it comes through the power of the stars in that their peculiar characters are boiled out, settling on the lungs in three different ways: in a mercurial manner like a sublimated smoke that coagulates, like a salt spirit what passes from resolution to coagulation, and thirdly, like a sulphur which is precipitated on the walls by roasting.[14]
The tria prima served as the basis for understanding the way diseases manifested in the body. The nature of the disease was separated into its three components, and then settled in the lungs based on their individual qualities. The sickness then arises as the “precipitation” on the walls of the lungs. Furthermore, Paracelsus noted the effect of the stars in this passage. It is evident here that the microcosm-macrocosm idea is at play in that the sickness comes from the stars, and since the body is a mirror of the universe, the same sickness can manifest itself within the body. Consequently, one can also interpret these qualities as reflective of the Holy Trinity. Sulfur’s quality of precipitation into a solid material is analogous to Christ (God’s physical manifestation on earth); salt’s quality of coagulation is akin to the Holy Spirit, and mercury’s quality of sublimation and invisibility is representative of God. This interpretation is not surprising since Paracelsus, as established, truly relied on the theology to develop and hone his scientific framework.It is interesting to note that much of Paracelsus’ theology falls in line with Catholic dogma: his ideas on Creation and the Trinitarian view of God does not differ that much from doctrine. However, it is his application of this theology to the view of mankind and the chemical basis of matter that does set him apart from medieval alchemists and other thinkers of his time. At its core, Paracelsian theological beliefs are not radical, but it is how these beliefs are translated onto scientific writing (and often, propagandistic in tone due to his personality) that is quite radical and represents a break from the Renaissance norm. Set in the religiopolitically tumultuous milieu of 1530s Germany, a time that marked the high period of Protestant Reformation, Paracelsus’ reforming attitudes were directed towards the exclusivity of medical academia. As Andrew Wear, a member of the Academic Unit of Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, explains in, Paracelsus attacked the established learned tradition with his tria prima in that it completely disregarded the Galenic tradition of the time.[15] He viewed humoral theory as an archaic institution, false and insufficient in explaining the ways in which the world worked. Further, Paracelsus believed in the spiritual nature of the world, as evident in his tripartite view, and humoral theory does not adequately take this into account. Most importantly, Paracelsus wanted to break down the learned medical tradition since it relied on outdated texts and observations from ancients who knew nothing of his world and time. Paracelsus worked to effectively shift the focus on relying on the old authors of medicine to one’s own experiences of the nature around mankind.[16] This shift from reliance on texts to pure observation is in itself in line with Renaissance trends. For one, Andreas Vesalius’ new anatomy was representative of the advances in dissections and knowledge of the human body, and Vesalius relied on experience as the primary teacher in exploring the wonders of the human body.[17] However, Vesalius still operated under Galenic thought, and respected the ancients unlike Paracelsus. In the end, it is clear that it is Paracelsus’ tria prima and tripartite views, and not the theology behind them that placed Paracelsus in a precarious position within Renaissance trends: on one hand, he advocated the dissolution of learned medical tradition completely, which few of his contemporaries agreed with, and on the other hand, his way of doing so – the shift to observation as the only way of learning – is not revolutionary for people like Vesalius agreed and advocated this as well.
It is evident that Paracelsus’ works were greatly influenced by established Christian doctrine. His belief on the creation of man from the image of God imbued mankind with a tripartite nature. This tripartite nature thus became omnipresent in all of creation, and from this idea came Paracelsus’ tria prima. The tria prima on its surface explained the chemical basis of matter and even how diseases came to be. Digging more deeply, the tria prima actually reflects the nature of the Holy Trinity, which further bolsters the idea that Paracelsus relied heavily on theology as his main guide to establishing his scientific and medical framework. With that said, Paracelsus’ science also effectively undermined the authority of ancient authors as valid sources in the study of medicine, made especially visible in his writings in the context of the Reformation in 1530s Germany. The intersectional nature of religion and medicine is something that the modern audience does not see often since the two are often seen as conflicting forces. It is evident from this analysis of Paracelsus’ theology that science and religious beliefs freely interact, building each other up to new heights. It is Paracelsus’ theological discourse that allowed him to not only develop the ideas behind the nature of man, but it also allowed him to extend theology in the development of his chemical beliefs, grounded on the tria prima. As stated before, he fits right in with the other great minds of his time like Ficino and Vesalius due to his reliance on the microcosm-macrocosm idea and observation as teacher, respectively. This warrants the question: to what extent was Paracelsus an innovator or a rebel? In the end, however innovative and rebellious Paracelsus might have been, he was a product of his time. His scientific developments grounded on theology were indeed radical set in the context of traditional academic institutions that pervaded Renaissance Europe. However, this radicalism is what was expected of an intellectual character such as Paracelsus due to the rise of the Reformation, and the swiftly changing sociopolitical and religious currents of his time.
[1] Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time, 133
[2] Paracelsus, and Jolande Jacobi. Selected Writings. Astronomia Magna (1537/38), translated excerpt, 16.
[3] Paracelsus, and Jolande Jacobi. Selected Writings. Schriften über Kometen, Erdbeben, Friedbogen, Himmelszeichen (1531/34), translated excerpt, 17.
[4] Alisha Rankin. “Astrological and Alchemical Medicine.” Lecture.
[5] Andrew Weeks. Paracelsus: Speculative Theory and the Crisis of the Early Reformation, 113.
[6] Andrew Weeks. Paracelsus: Speculative Theory and the Crisis of the Early Reformation.111. Excerpt from Astronomia Magna.
[7] Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time, 135.
[8] Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time, 136
[9] Paracelsus, and Jolande Jacobi. Selected Writings. Astronomia Magna (1537/38), translated excerpt, 19.
[10] Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time,137
[11] Leviticus 2:13
[12] Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time, 137
[13] Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time, 138
[14] Paracelsus. Four Treatises of Theophrastus Von Hohenheim, Called Paracelsus, 59
[15] Andrew Wear. The Western Medical Tradition: 800 B.C. to A.D. 1800, 313
[16] Andrew Wear. The Western Medical Tradition: 800 B.C. to A.D. 1800, 315.
[17] Andrew Wear. The Western Medical Tradition: 800 B.C. to A.D. 1800, 273-280
markjoshuabernardo.wordpress.com/2015/08/09/theological-b...
The Bourse de Commerce is drawing some one hundred works from the Pinault Collection to present the exhibition "Corps et âmes", an exploration of the representation of the body in contemporary art. The Bourse de Commerce is drawing some one hundred works from the Pinault Collection to present the exhibition “Corps et âmes”, an exploration of representations of the body in contemporary art. From Auguste Rodin to Duane Hanson, Georg Baselitz to Ana Mendieta, David Hammons to Marlene Dumas, and Arthur Jafa to Ali Cherri, some forty artists have used painting, sculpture, photography, video, and drawing to explore the connections between body and soul.
“In the generative curves of the Bourse de Commerce, as an echo of the rondo of bodies that populate the vast, painted panorama encircling the building’s glass dome, the exhibition ‘Corps et âmes’ explores the significance of the body in contemporary thought through the works of some forty artists in the Pinault Collection. Freed from all mimetic constraints, the body — whether photographed, sculpted, drawn, filmed, or painted — does not cease to reinvent itself, thereby granting art an essential organic quality that allows it, like an umbilical cord, to take the pulse of the human body and soul.
Art seizes the energies and vital flows of our thoughts and inner lives to create a socially committed, humanist experience of otherness. Forms metamorphose, returning to figuration or freeing themselves from it, to grasp, hold on to, and allow the soul and consciousness to reveal themselves. It is no longer a matter of merely painting bodies, instead capturing the forces that run through them, to bring to light what is buried and invisible, and to open up the shadows. Arthur Jafa’s work in the Rotunda, Love is the Message, the Message is Death, transforms the space into a sounding board for the music and social commitment of African American icons such as Martin Luther King Jr, Jimi Hendrix, Barack Obama, and Beyoncé, thus granting them a universal scope.
His films, which oscillate between life and death, violence and transcendence, play out as a visual melody inspired by gospel, jazz, and black music. They form a flow of images and sounds that lend their beat to the entire exhibition, in a choreography in which the depicted bodies bear witness to the links between art and life. A rich musical programming in resonance with the exhibition makes ‘Corps et âmes’ a polyphonic event”.
Emma Lavigne, General Curator, General Director in charge of the Pinault Collection
Are babies born with inverted vision?
Not exactly. While it's true that the image projected onto the retina is flipped, just like in adults, a baby's brain is still developing the ability to interpret and make sense of what they see. But by the time they're a few months old, they're seeing the world much like we do—right-side up and full of new wonders.
I had to delete original and process scan again. It was just plain and gray.
My first BW film attempt after two years of digital.
Pics from various XML code just made up out of copied parts. Made it up to 400 nodes. Some were pre-auto adjusting node size.
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Monica Esquivel
I wanted to give the poster an artsy and organic feel, thus the many curves. The word "kalinangan" is related to culture, which I think Ateneo's is quite rich and diverse. I used black and gold to show this. The Ateneo art culture is also progressing, so, to show this growth, I used flowers.
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Jenny Lapus
I wanted to incorporate the banderitas used in the original poster, but in a different way. I stylized the text by adding drop shadows.
Kookie Santos
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We were asked to make a re-design of the poster of last year's Fine Arts Festival. This poster aims to inform its viewers easily through the use of hierarchy of elements. The information of all events is enclosed in the blue and yellow banderitas so that it may emphasize the information despite it's small size relative to the title of the main event (Kalinangan).